• List of Articles individual

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Designing lay-off pattern of human resources, Based on Securing Future Job Approach for the Staff in Municipalities of Esfahan Province
        Mohsen Sanei Naser Mirsepasi Karamollah Daneshfard Nazanin Pilehveri
        The purpose of the research is to present a pattern regarding lay-off in municipalities of Esfahan province, and to analyze the impact of structural, behavioral and individual factors on lay-off and its aspects. The research was done to secure future jobs for the staff More
        The purpose of the research is to present a pattern regarding lay-off in municipalities of Esfahan province, and to analyze the impact of structural, behavioral and individual factors on lay-off and its aspects. The research was done to secure future jobs for the staff who either want to leave or the staff who have remained in the organization. The method used to do this research is descriptive and correlative .The method used to collect information is mixed (qualitative and quantitative).In the first stage (qualitative approach), the subjects were 22 experts who had suitable information about the issue of lay-off. A lay-off pattern and the influential factors on lay-off were designed using the fuzzy Delphi method and also fuzzy logic. The two methods were used to have more correlation between the views of the experts. Then, in the quantitative part, a questionnaire was designed in order to evaluate the pattern and then after reviewing the validity of the questionnaire through Exploratory Factor Analysis, it was given to some managers who, based on Judgmental Sampling, had been chosen out of managers of branches of municipalities in Esfahan province. The relationships between components of the model were reviewed using structural equation model. The findings demonstrated that all of the e hypotheses were confirmed. Considering the mentioned indices  for the aspects of lay-off in this research ,municipalities can adopt effective decisions regarding determining the kind of job ,the kind of performance they will have in future  (for the staff that will remain in the organization) and also about necessary measures taken to secure future jobs for the staff leaving the organization. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Individual Moods , Sensation- Seeking , Gambling Intention and Forecasting of Earnings Management Behavior: A Test of Upper Echelons Theory
        bahman banimahd
        This paper, based on upper echelons theory, studies earnings management behavior based on the psychological of individuals. This theory emphasizes that the decisions of senior executives of the organization are strongly influenced by their individual characteristics. As More
        This paper, based on upper echelons theory, studies earnings management behavior based on the psychological of individuals. This theory emphasizes that the decisions of senior executives of the organization are strongly influenced by their individual characteristics. As a result, the performance of the organization also depends on the individual characteristics, including the psychological characteristics of its managers. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate the psychological characteristics of people's decision making in earnings management. The sample consisted of 259 accounting experts, accounting chiefs and financial managers of listed companies. The research method was survey and the data were collected by questionnaire. Data analysis and hypothesis testing are performed on the basis of structural equations. Evidence from this study shows that negative moods have a significant and positive effect on both types of earnings management behaviors, namely opportunistic and efficient earnings management. But positive moods have only a significant effect on opportunistic earnings management and have no significant effect on efficient earnings management. Also, the findings of this study show that sensation- seeking only has a significant effect on efficient earnings management and not on opportunistic earnings management. Finally, the results of this study confirm that managers with a high Intention to gambling They are more sentiment to earnings management than both an efficient and opportunistic approach. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - An Analysis of the Advanced Model of the Political Skills of Managers in the Public Organization
        samin yousefi masoud pourkiani mehrdad goudarzvand chegini
        Background-Today, politics has become a basic skill for managers and is considered as an important factor in management effectiveness. Hence, increasing such a skill is necessary to achieve the desired results. Purpose-The purpose of the research is to analyze the evolu More
        Background-Today, politics has become a basic skill for managers and is considered as an important factor in management effectiveness. Hence, increasing such a skill is necessary to achieve the desired results. Purpose-The purpose of the research is to analyze the evolutions and factors associated with the political skills of managers in the public sector. Method-This is a descriptive-correlational study that has been done by survey method. Data were collected from a sample of 345 ministry directors by cluster sampling. Samples were randomly selected from the provinces of Guilan, Tehran, Mazandaran, Khorasanzarzavi and Kerman. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire and its validity was confirmed by using expert opinion and by using an analytical method. According to factor coefficients of the variables estimated above 0.4, validity was confirmed. The reliability of the instrument was also confirmed through the Cronbach alpha coefficient. Structural equation modeling and Amos software were used to analyze the data. Results-The results of the research model showed that the components of individual factors (except narcissism), Job factors(except occupational feedback), organizational factors(except organization's focus and size) and factors of environmental factors predict the managers' political skills, and all components have a positive and significant relationship Have a political skill other than the official variable, which has a negative and inverse relationship with political skill. Also, according to Friedman test results, it can be said that among the predictors of job variables, the most positive relationship is with the managers' political skills and the individual, environmental and organizational factors are respectively in the second, third and fourth grades respectively. Conclusions-The findings of the research show that managers, by strengthening some of the factors related to political skill, can take steps to increase their political skills in the organization Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Examining Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Knowledge Management (KM) Implementation in Central Tehran Branch Faculty of Management
        Ayoub Pazhouhan Alireza Amirkabiri
        Knowledge management that is one of ways for promoting organizational survivalconditions, when will be successfully performed in organization if the appropriate culturalcontext be provided to this system that previously. Because the guidance of current knowledgein organ More
        Knowledge management that is one of ways for promoting organizational survivalconditions, when will be successfully performed in organization if the appropriate culturalcontext be provided to this system that previously. Because the guidance of current knowledgein organization, is a human issue, and completely relates to human resources and depends tostaff organizational culture. Therefore organizations should provide the appropriate culture forsuccessful performance of knowledge management.The purpose of this study is examining relationship among organizational culture andknowledge Management (KM) Implementation in Central Tehran Branch Faculty ofManagementStatistical population of this study includes the whole staff personnel and faculty members ofCentral Tehran Branch, faculty of management ( N: 180), that this number 70 staff personneland 110 faculty members and sample of this research( N: 120), include 40 staff personnel and80 faculty members. For gathering data in this study tow questionnaires, ( %76 validity fororganizational culture questionnaire and %96 validity for knowledge management) have beenused. The respondents evaluated the situation of organizational culture and knowledgemanagement implementation averages in the faculty of management and the results showed thatthere are meaningful relation between organizational culture and it’s categories include:management support, organizational belongings, individual creativity. and leadership style withimplementation of knowledge management in both groups of statistical population and whereasthere is meaningful relation between agreement to conflict and implementation knowledgemanagement in staff group, But in faculty members, there is not meaningful relation betweenagreement to conflict and implementation knowledge management in faculty of management. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Investigating the Effect of Balanced Scorecard Components on Individual Performance of Employees Based on the ACHEIVE Model (Case Study of the Judiciary Information and Statistics Center)
        مقداد حاجی محمدعلی جهرمی Atena Ghasemi
        The organization is made up of a group of people who work together and have a mission ahead of them, requiring a proper strategy to accomplish. Balanced Scorecard is an effective and validated tool for responding to strategy realization. This research studies the effect More
        The organization is made up of a group of people who work together and have a mission ahead of them, requiring a proper strategy to accomplish. Balanced Scorecard is an effective and validated tool for responding to strategy realization. This research studies the effect of balanced scorecard components on individual performance of staff based on the Achilles model. Research has not done so far to investigate the relationship between Balanced Scorecard and individual employee performance, which is considered to be the main innovation in this research. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of collecting data, a descriptive survey is a survey and correlation. The statistical population of this research is the executives, administrators and staff of the Judiciary Information and Statistics Center. The questionnaire with a Likert range of 46 questions was used to measure the variables of the research. The questionnaire was distributed among 100 executives and staff of the Judiciary Center for Statistics and Information Technology. The study of the impact of each of the components of the balanced scorecard on improving the individual performance of employees based on the Achilles model and the extent of this impact has been analyzed and analyzed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - survey of the effect of career anchors on exhaustion with the moderator role of individual employees (Case Study: top office of Education North Khorasan Province)
        رقیه حسن زاده
        aim:This present research with regard to aim is applied and at attention information collecting is descriptions of descriptive-analytic. method:The population analyzing, included 220 employees of which 142 were selected by sample random sampling method with kukran formu More
        aim:This present research with regard to aim is applied and at attention information collecting is descriptions of descriptive-analytic. method:The population analyzing, included 220 employees of which 142 were selected by sample random sampling method with kukran formula. for survey pose hypothesis at present study was use of career anchors questionnaire (Shine, 1985), and exhaustion (Maslach, 1981) and employees Capability Maturity Model P-cmm (Watts Humphrey et al., 1980). Validity of research with confirmatory factor analysis and reliability by Cronbach's alpha has been approvingly. descriptive and inferential statistical method working and Pearson correlation coefficient for survey hypothesis of two variables and multiple regression for survey hypothesis of three variables have been used.finding: Between career anchors and exhaustion there is a significant relationship and to accomplish multiple regression of the individual capability of employees in this equal was moderate. conclusion:Managers of top office of education focus more on increasing level of career anchors. Manuscript profile
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        7 - The impact of organizational learning on the need for success through self-confidence and individual mediation
        mohammad zyaadini
        This research aims to study The effective factors upon the need to success in staff of the social security organization in South Khorasan Province in 2015. Statistical society of the research includes all employees employed in South Khorasan in the social security organ More
        This research aims to study The effective factors upon the need to success in staff of the social security organization in South Khorasan Province in 2015. Statistical society of the research includes all employees employed in South Khorasan in the social security organization containing 350 people from which 184 people are selected as sample size by Cochrane modelling. This research is of correlation ones using sampling method of structural equations. Information is gathered by four questionnaires for achieving success, organizational learning, self confidence and individual skill among which questionnaire validity for achieving success is accounted equal. Research general results show that organizational learning has a direct, positive and meaningful effect on achieving success. Also, organizational learning affects achieving necessary success indirectly by medium variable of self confidence. And organizational learning doesn't affect achieving success indirectly by medium variable of individual skill. Also, individual skill affects achieving success indirectly by medium variable of self confidence. And finally some suggestions are presented such as providing necessary conditions for organizational learning by establishing viewpoints, knowledge and mental models of organization's members Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - The effect of reciprocal obligation, trust and face maintenance on perceived individual and group achievements of knowledge management with the mediating role of knowledge sharing in the telecommunication company of Isfahan province
        Malihe Soltani Hamid Reza Peikari
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of reciprocal obligation, trust and face maintenance on perceived individual and group achievements of knowledge management with the mediating role of knowledge sharing in the telecommunication company of Isfahan pr More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of reciprocal obligation, trust and face maintenance on perceived individual and group achievements of knowledge management with the mediating role of knowledge sharing in the telecommunication company of Isfahan province. The present study is an applied research in terms of the purpose and the method of data collection is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study was3100employees of Isfahan Telecommunication Company in2017among them, at least342people were selected as the statistical sample using Cochran formula and 351questionnaires were distributed based on non-probabilistic sampling process and data were collected. Data gathering method in the present research is field method and data collection tool is a localized. To analyze the data, SmartPls software was used in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. The results obtained from structural equations showed that the reciprocal obligation (β=0/55, t=4/5), trust(β=0/61,t=2/3),facemaintenance (β=0/18, t=1/8) and knowledge sharing (β=0/45,t=3/8) have a positive and significant effect on the perceived individual and collective achievements of knowledge management . Also, it shows the positive and significant effect of reciprocal obligation (β=0/52, t=5/3) and trust (β=0/64,t=4/9) on knowledge sharing, but showed no significant effect on knowledge sharing (β=0/04,t=0/31). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Evaluating and Identifying the Factors Affecting the Self-Development of Faculty Members of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran, Gilan and Golestan Provinces and Presenting its Optimal Model
        zahra kahroodi parisa irannejad ramezan jahanian
        Objective: In the present study, it is planned to evaluate and identify the factors affecting the self-development of the faculty members of the Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran, Gilan and Golestan provinces and to present its optimal model.  Methods: Research More
        Objective: In the present study, it is planned to evaluate and identify the factors affecting the self-development of the faculty members of the Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran, Gilan and Golestan provinces and to present its optimal model.  Methods: Research method in terms of purpose, applied; In terms of data collection method is mixed (quantitative-qualitative), in terms of quantity is descriptive survey type and qualitatively descriptive is in the field theory. The statistical population is in the qualitative stage of all faculty members with at least 10 years of experience and in the quantitative stage of all faculty members of the Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran, Gilan and Golestan provinces who are engaged in job duties in 1399 and their number is 2789 people. Also, in the present study, purposive sampling method was used in the qualitative stage and relative stratified random sampling method was used in the quantitative stage, in proportion to the volume of each of the three provinces. Data collection tools were also standard self-development questionnaires of researcher-made questionnaires of factors affecting self-development with validity and reliability. The method of data analysis in the qualitative stage is content analysis and in the quantitative stage is based on structural equation modeling.  Findings: The findings show that  the factors affecting the self-development of faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran, Gilan and Golestan provinces are: Individual factors (self-efficacy, job conflict, job motivation, professional commitment, need for success, responsibility, psychological empowerment, resilience Job creation, selfactualization, economic / social status, cultural capital), organizational factors (organizational culture, organizational support, organizational justice, organizational commitment) and group factors (group learning).  Findings: Finally, it is suggested that managers and supervisors can play a vital role in employee self-development by creating informal learning opportunities, encouraging, believing in the value of development, providing time, information, support, resource allocation, and rewards. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Identifying and Explaining the Components of Student Improvement and Presenting a Related Model in Islamic Azad University
        pariya porbaran Hamideh Reshadatjoo kamran mohammad khani adel fatemi
        Background: Student improvement is a way in which a student grows or develops his / her growth and development capabilities as a result of enrolling in a higher education institution. Objective: To present a model for student improvement in Islamic Azad University - San More
        Background: Student improvement is a way in which a student grows or develops his / her growth and development capabilities as a result of enrolling in a higher education institution. Objective: To present a model for student improvement in Islamic Azad University - Sanandaj Branch. Method: In terms of applied purpose and method of this research, this research was initially using qualitative research method and quantitative dimension or mixed method and in terms of implementation method was "descriptive-survey". In the qualitative part of the study population, experts in the field of student improvement by purposeful sampling method until the theoretical saturation (14) people and in the quantitative part of the study population, all final year undergraduate, graduate and doctoral students of Islamic Azad University - Sanandaj unit had 1500 people in the first semester of the 98-97 academic year. Findings: The test results showed that from the respondents' point of view, attention to educational, personal, social, research dimensions, creating sustainable employment for themselves and others in Islamic Azad University - Sanandaj Branch is moderate to weak and there is a statistically significant difference between the current situation and the situation. There is desirable. Conclusion: This research has provided practical suggestions and the degree of appropriateness of the conceptual model was confirmed according to the philosophy, objectives, theoretical foundations, dimensions and components, executive mechanism, executive process, feedback system and evaluation at the level of 95% confidence. Keywords Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - Pathology of Teamwork in the Agricultural Cooperatives of Hamadan City
        Siamak Sadeghi Khalil Zandi Peyman Sadeghi
        Background and Purpose: Despite recognizing the importance of team work by scientists and organizational researchers, previous studies indicates that some organizations have failed to create teamwork. So the purpose of this research was pathology of teamwork in the agri More
        Background and Purpose: Despite recognizing the importance of team work by scientists and organizational researchers, previous studies indicates that some organizations have failed to create teamwork. So the purpose of this research was pathology of teamwork in the agricultural cooperatives of Hamadan city. Methods: Concerning it’s purpose, the study was practical and considerate the data collection procedure it was a descriptive survey study. The statistical population had been all agricultural cooperatives in city of Hamadan (N: 45). 35 cooperatives members were selected using census with reducing case. The data collection tool was paired comparisons questionnaire that teamwork obstacles were compared in the form of three dimension individual barriers, organizational barriers and working barriers. Validity of the questionnaire, verified according to experts.The reliabilityof the questionnaire was reviewed and approved by the inconsistency rate. Data were analyzed through AHP and using Expert Choice software. Findings: The findings showed that individual barriers, organizational barriers and working obstacles, respectively, were the most important aspects of teamwork barriers in agricultural cooperatives of Hamadan city. In the individual dimension, "distrust of some members of the cooperative to each other and to the authorities"; the organizational dimension "emphasize the achievements and rewards individual rather than achievements and rewards a group" and the working dimension "lack of clear objectives of team" were the main obstacles of teamwork. Conclusion: At the end is recommended to authorities of agricultural cooperatives that eliminate obstacles to teamwork by transparency of information, creating a safe environment for commenting and build trust. Manuscript profile
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        12 - The role of Islamic Republic of Iran's TV programs in reducing human poverty
        Meisam Samband Ali Akbar Farhangi Jamshid Salehi Sedghyani Mohammad Reza Ghaedi
        Human development view to human beings is as a capacity that should be flourished, and this flourishing is obtained only with the empowerment of individuals. One of the main ways to empower communities is to reduce and limit poverty. For this purpose, the attention of d More
        Human development view to human beings is as a capacity that should be flourished, and this flourishing is obtained only with the empowerment of individuals. One of the main ways to empower communities is to reduce and limit poverty. For this purpose, the attention of development policymakers has been focused on improving indicators related to the types of poverty. One of the most important indicators is human poverty. Various institutions have the power of influence; one of these capacities is the mass media, especially television. This study was conducted to explain the factors affecting the use of Iran's TV programs to prevent human poverty. The research method used is an exploratory mix using a typology strategy. The statistical population of this study is composed of experts in the field of development communication. In the qualitative part, the statistical sample was selected 13 people using theoretical sampling method and in quantitative part 385 people using random sampling. The tool of collecting data in the first part was semi-structured individual interview and in the second part, a researcher-made questionnaire. Necessary indices were used to assess the validity and reliability of measuring instruments. Data analysis was performed on the basis of qualitative and quantitative results and structural equation modeling using Smart PLS software. The results showed that environmental, human, television mass media, programming, audience characteristics and individual empowerment can predict human poverty variable. Given the value obtained for the overall fit index of model 0.79, appropriate fit of the overall model is confirmed. Manuscript profile
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        13 - Investigating factors that influence individual and family social support networks and virtual application online Among students of Tehran University
        Farzaneh oji Zahra Zare Nahid kordi
        The most common a variety of social media virtual social networking account. Nowadays, social interaction, people aredrawn to cyberspace and virtual communication for the bulk of the users of the space.Join with others or groups andcommunities are entitled to protection More
        The most common a variety of social media virtual social networking account. Nowadays, social interaction, people aredrawn to cyberspace and virtual communication for the bulk of the users of the space.Join with others or groups andcommunities are entitled to protection. Wellman Habra’s social support, network theory. Survey methods and tools arequestionnaires on 300 students of Islamic Azad University were selected through a multistage cluster sampling is done.Information obtained by using inferential statistical tests such as (linear regression, Pearson coefficients, etc.) are analyzed.The results acquired by combining components in the context of received supports from social cyber network among respondants indicate that ٧ percent has been low , 45.7 percent has been medium and 47.3 percent has been a high rate. most of thereceived supports from cyber networks are emotional and informational and 32.7 percent of the respond ants have receivedlow , 91.7 percent have received medium and 5.7 percent have received high rate of support from families . Also , the mostreceived support from families has been classified into financial and advisory . the results of the research show that there is asignificant relation between demanded support from cyber networks and individual education variables (F =7.76), parentsliteracy (r = 0.111), responsive social base (r = 0.13), the intimacy among family members (r = -0.25), demanding supportfrom family (r = -0.24), but there is no relation among age and the occupation of the respond ant and rate and the type ofdemanded support from social cyber networks . Manuscript profile
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        14 - Recognition of the components of sustainability and their impact on increasing social interactions in housing (case study: ABAAZAR. neighborhood, Tehran)
        Mitra Ghafourian Mitra Ghafourian وحید افشین مهر Zahra Norouzi zadeh
        Early in the last century , growth of urbanization, leads to expansion of residential construction and at the same time leads to less attention to the quality of the housing. But in recent decades and in the context of increasing international attention to various aspec More
        Early in the last century , growth of urbanization, leads to expansion of residential construction and at the same time leads to less attention to the quality of the housing. But in recent decades and in the context of increasing international attention to various aspects of sustainable development , including economic development , social-cultural development , preserve and enhance the environment and also And also noticing the issues relating to the quality of human life , the quest for social sustainability in housing complexes has become more important . According to the social dimensions of human, achieve physical and psychological needs depends on the interaction with other people . Housing as a place where people spend the high percentage of their life in it could cause participation and collaboration of family in a greater society and be a suitable place for increasing human social interaction . In the past, individuals’ social interactions were in their location and in public areas which was between houses and in every neighborhood. But in modern times by vertical connections that were created in the last century residential complexes, the lack of these interactions is felt that the lack of attention to this human fundamental need which means to interact with others, can cause irreparable damages including loss of sense of belonging to the community and also loss of security, individualism and etc. This study aims at identify and recognition the impact of the components of sustainability on the social dimension of housing and also discussing their individual and social factors on increasing social interactions in urban life. With the assumption that social sustainability improve residents' sense of belonging, participation and increasing social interactions of people. Data which are gathered in this research includes documentary studies and measurements through the questionnaire. Identify and assess the components is done with correlation and analysis of quantitative data by using statistical methods. The results show that the components of participation, identity, sense of belonging and security, respectively, have the greatest impact on increasing the level of social interaction among the residents of the residential complexes of ABAAZAR neighborhood . Based on the results of the two categories of individual and social factors defining the social interaction, social factors has known as the most influential factor on increasing social interactions. The analysis of individual factors and social factors, led to the proposed model of the research. According to this model, it can be said that on the one hand social interactions on the basis of Subscriptions between individual’s factors of residents of residential complexes and on the other hand social factors is defined. The overlap of these factors can also increase social interaction in the residential complex. Finally, based on the findings of research proposals as architecture- urban planning solutions to improve the performance of municipal managers, designers and the construction of residential areas, in accordance with the principles and values of social stability and increasing levels of social interaction in the neighborhood and housing complexes have been proposed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        15 - Explaining pattern of individual-centered design process and Architectural design training model based on learners’ cognitive differences
        Elaheh sadat Hosseini Mohammad Mansour Falamaki Isa Hojat
        10.30495/hoviatshahr.2021.16357
        Training in architecture is one of the most controversial issues in educational and artistic centers around the world, as well as training in other fields of art. The structure of architectural education is formed around a nucleus called design. The most important missi More
        Training in architecture is one of the most controversial issues in educational and artistic centers around the world, as well as training in other fields of art. The structure of architectural education is formed around a nucleus called design. The most important mission of architectural education is to create comprehensive thinking that provides students with the ability to step into the process of architectural design. Ignoring student’s capabilities, tendencies, and conducting similar educational programs are Part of mistakes in teaching architectural design. The characteristics of design learners are the same as the characteristics of all human beings, which are classified as individual differences. It means that design learners differ in their ability, knowledge, insight, and transfer in design activities. It is not possible to provide a specific program for teaching the design process without gaining knowledge of the student’s differences in each educational group and without the required knowledge to guide the capabilities and improve the shortcomings. Thus, individual education seems necessary. This research seeks to provide a design process model based on learners’ differences and their corresponding educational model. The research method is Grounded Theory that seeks to construct a theory through exploration among architectural design instructor. Therefore, 100 questionnaires were distributed among the young teachers of the Islamic Azad University, and Theoretical saturation was obtained with 47 questionnaires fully answered, which is followed by the analyzed results. Through open coding, 83 pivotal followings of 9 major categories were produced, out of 472 Primary components, extracted from theoretical foundations and field studies which are: cognitive differences of the learner, objective mental processes, purposeful educational steps, learner-learner interaction, the formation of design personality, learner personality, adaptive structure of education, design system of thought and specialized empowerment. The core category was designated as a person-centered process after segregating in condition, interaction, and consequence field. The Person-centered design model was developed, using the constructive concepts of grounded theory and spiral paradigm of the design process, which is an action between Individual characteristics in terms of thought, creativity, knowledge, educational goals and experiential learning cycle, can be entered with any level of ability and any style of thinking and learning, but successful getting out of this spiral which has moved forward in time depends on individual abilities of designers. Actions between these components will form the main cycle of the design process, which are: thought, creation, and testing. The mentors’ mission is to recognize these characteristics, their growth, and developing them in line with the design goals. In the end, the educational strategies corresponding to the mentioned concepts were presented in the form of architectural design training models based on the cognitive differences of the designers. In the construction of this model, among the major categories obtained in the construction of contextual theory, 5 categories were used that are operational and can be planned and implemented by the learner. The other four categorizations are conditions, interactions, or hidden consequences in the model, which are inherent in the learner's nature or are acquired through teaching methods. Manuscript profile
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        16 - Identifying architecture graduates’ social, personal and educational barriers for playing an effective role in society
        arash abinama mohsen kameli cyrus bavar
        10.30495/hoviatshahr.2022.18025
        University, a source of science production, can play an important role in the development of society in economic, social, cultural, and political dimensions. If universities and training centers do not succeed in this endeavor, a gap between what students learn and the More
        University, a source of science production, can play an important role in the development of society in economic, social, cultural, and political dimensions. If universities and training centers do not succeed in this endeavor, a gap between what students learn and the needs of the professional environment will emerge. Also, playing the effective role of architects in society is an essential issue. However, architecture graduates do not have a proper perspective of their professional future, and despite their theoretical knowledge, they face many obstacles in society. We are now in an age where we are witnessing drastic changes in the labor market. This deprives the persons’ job security, assurance, and expands the range of skills that he needs to learn in order to enter the professional environment. To promote Iranian architecture education, efforts have been made by researchers in the form of histories and reviews of curriculum units, but it is not reviewed to know what are the barriers ahead graduates to play an effective, and professional role. Therefore, investigating, in this case, is very important and necessary for entrepreneurship, skills training, and the development of cooperation between universities, industry, and the promotion of architectural education. This article identifies the barriers and related important parameters. It tries to identify the educational problems, difficulties, and development of teachers’ education, more effective educational programs and promoting students' learning to adapt to the professional environment in society. In this research, a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods has been used. Therefore, using the method of analytical-exploratory research deals with this issue. First, using the Delphi method and qualitative analysis by MAXQDA, a questionnaire was prepared for surveying architecture graduates and specialists, and 384 people were selected as the sample of this study by Cochran test. Then the answers to the questionnaire were quantitatively analyzed using factor analysis by SPSS and parallel analysis. Findings show that after the final rotation of research indices by the Varimax method, correlated indices were placed in all three categories. The first category includes items Q5, Q18, and Q8 with a factor loading of 0.804, -0.736, 0.498, and the second category includes items Q12, Q4, and Q17 with a factor loading of 0.735, 0.732, 456. The third category includes items, Q3, Q11, Q9, and Q16 with a factor loading of 0.606, 0.602, -0.510, -0.444. The names of educational and skill barriers, social and cultural barriers, individual and psychological barriers, were selected for the factors, after interpreting the nature of the related indicators. Finally, it is found that these three barriers are ahead of architecture graduates and their important factors are: lack of practical training and soft skills, lack of proper business model, and credentialism. Research and presentation of various solutions in the field of all indicators of the three barriers, especially the final indicators, is very important and can be the issue of starting future research and can be used by major policymakers of higher education, architecture researchers, university professors, students, and Entrepreneurs. Manuscript profile
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        17 - The relationship between individual and social types of physical education managers and their effective communication
        mozafar yektayar mostafa mostafapour mozhgan khodamoradpour meysam allahmoradi
        10.30495/jism.2023.74653.1061
        If the managers are selected according to the relevant personal and social characteristics, the prosperity and productivity of organizations will increase. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between the individual and social types of physical More
        If the managers are selected according to the relevant personal and social characteristics, the prosperity and productivity of organizations will increase. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between the individual and social types of physical education managers in the northwest of the country and their effective communication. This research was descriptive-analytical and of a cross-sectional type that was conducted between 1400 and 1401. The population and research sample of all physical education managers was determined as 140 people. To collect data, two standard Bass-Eldridge individual and social type questionnaires (reliability 0.87) and researcher-made effective communication (reliability 0.80) were used. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods (tests Smirnov, Levin's Kolmograph, Pearson's correlation coefficient and analysis of variance and t-test were used. The results of the statistical analysis showed that between individual and social types and their components, bold type, introvert type, egalitarian type There is a positive and significant relationship with effective communication, and no significant relationship was observed between fair type and effective communication of managers. The obtained results indicate that managers who have specific personality types are more effective. Manuscript profile
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        18 - Controlling the cyber space in order to protect the right to the health of individuals
        Zahra sadat Hosseini alireza ansari mahyari
        10.30495/jlap.2023.75137.1744
        One of the daily activities of the people of the world at any time and place is the use of virtual space. In today's world, virtual space, which is a space intertwined with people's lives, plays an effective role in people's lives. Although the use of virtual space has More
        One of the daily activities of the people of the world at any time and place is the use of virtual space. In today's world, virtual space, which is a space intertwined with people's lives, plays an effective role in people's lives. Although the use of virtual space has merits and has made people's lives easier, but not using it properly has caused mental and physical damage to people's health which has increased concerns about the lack of protection of people's right to health. The right to health is considered one of the basic human rights that governments are obliged to provide and guarantee the necessary conditions to achieve this right and to minimize the grounds for its violation. The question raised in this research is, what effect can the control of virtual space have on the health of individuals? The findings of this research indicate that governments can reduce the physical and psychological harm caused to the health of individuals by taking measures such as teaching the correct way to use cyberspace and creating restrictions Manuscript profile
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        19 - Thinking about the Concept of Right to Development
        Iraj Rezayi nejad
        This article examines the complex and arguable concept of right to development in the light ofInternational Human Rights law and interprets it in an operational manner.It moved the concept of development beyond the economic growth of states and past earlierUN debates wh More
        This article examines the complex and arguable concept of right to development in the light ofInternational Human Rights law and interprets it in an operational manner.It moved the concept of development beyond the economic growth of states and past earlierUN debates which were centered on development as a right among states. By casting developmentas a Human Right, the Declaration brought forth an appreciation that developmentis not what happens as a result of economic growth or development planning, it is a processthat allows for the full range of rights and has its goal to pursue self-actualization of people inconditions of dignity through the exercise of their rights. Manuscript profile
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        20 - Elixir of Recent Vestiges; A Comparative Study of the Indentity Problem in the Qajar Chronology
        محسن Khalili
        Cataloging of historical events could be done in three manners:historigraphy, chronology and beholding history. The author callsthem narration which has a distinguished speciality. He belives that asa matter of fact writing the events which have been taken place in theQ More
        Cataloging of historical events could be done in three manners:historigraphy, chronology and beholding history. The author callsthem narration which has a distinguished speciality. He belives that asa matter of fact writing the events which have been taken place in theQajar dynasty into history was not never historigraphy and nor wasa chronology by itself. So there are several themes that run throughthe time which attemp to rethink beholding history in this way. Theauthor uses a modernized one: identity. He describes it as a processwhich leads to the realization of what is and who is. The content ofthis context can be analyzed on the basis of “Self-Else” , “traditionalreligiouslegitimate” and “authority”. In this article three texts of theQajar dynasty have been collate by these Substances: (elixir of history,royal vestiges, modern history). He concludes that identity have anyobjectivity itself. It is important to appreciate the full significance ofthe point that the history texts imply a process with men’s identity orindividaulity. This binary matching of identity with history has beenunderstood too inflexibly. Manuscript profile
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        21 - Impact of Individual Stock Crowded Trades and Individual Stock Investor Sentiment on Excess Returns
        Vahid Bekhradi Nasab Fatemeh Zholanezhad Mohsen Dastgir Hesam Rahmani
        Recent behavioral asset pricing models and the popular press suggest that investors may follow similar strategies resulting in crowded equity positions to push prices further away. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of Individual Stock Crowded Tra More
        Recent behavioral asset pricing models and the popular press suggest that investors may follow similar strategies resulting in crowded equity positions to push prices further away. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of Individual Stock Crowded Trades and Individual Stock Investor Sentiment on Excess Returns. This paper develops a new approach to measure individual stock crowded trades, and further investigates the joint effects of individual stock crowded trades and individual stock investor sentiment on excess returns. To achieve this goal, two hypotheses were developed. The population consisted of all companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. To test the hypotheses, using a systematic method, 186 companies were selected during the years 2013 - 2017. Multiple regression and panel data have been used to analyze the data. The results of the research hypotheses show that changes in Individual stock investor sentiment in Tehran Stock Exchange market are effective on Excess stock. In Individual stock crowded trades changes in the swing in the stock market lead to a change in Excess stock. Manuscript profile
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        22 - Investigating the framework of stock trading movements considering the relationship between individual and group action
        Saeideh Nosratabadi Zadollah Fathi Abbas Shoul
        This paper studies the relationship framework between individual and group acts of stock trading activities in Tehran stock exchange which leads to the development of a cohesive relationship model for individual and group acts of stock trading behaviors. It has a quanti More
        This paper studies the relationship framework between individual and group acts of stock trading activities in Tehran stock exchange which leads to the development of a cohesive relationship model for individual and group acts of stock trading behaviors. It has a quantitative–qualitative hybrid approach in which the model is designed by using Delphi technique at first stage, and it is tested and assessed by using structural equation modeling method at second stage. The model shows that areas of financial capability, financial capacity, word-of-mouth communication, mass media, financial consultation, stock trading behaviors, and personality are considered as causal conditions of relationship framework of individual and group acts which affect that process positively and meaningfully. Manuscript profile
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        23 - Individualism as a Modern Social Anarchy
        Mehrdad Navabakhsh
        Manuscript profile
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        24 - The Effects of Constant Touch on Consumer Behavior: The Case of Iranian Mobile Phone Users
        Ali A. Saeidi
        Manuscript profile
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        25 - Individualism; One's Position in Society, According to the Founders of Sociology
        Mansour Vosooghi Masoumeh Shafati
        Manuscript profile
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        26 - Designing model of Drug use based on Individual and Environmental Determinants
        Roghayeh Alaei Mohammad Ali Sepahvandi Ezatollah Ghadampour
        Manuscript profile
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        27 - Empowerment of Iranian Women: A Systematic Review
        Nasraneh Zolfaqari Soroush Fathi Mehdi Mokhtarpour
        10.30495/IJSS.2023.74216.1400
        Manuscript profile
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        28 - Membership Effect in Student Council to Improve Learning Connection Skills in Guidance School Student of Garmsar City
        Soudabeh Sadat Mousavi Fakhreddin Ahmadi
        Manuscript profile
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        29 - Spreading Modern Rationality and forming the New Patterns of Family; a Study of Cohabitation Style in Tehran
        Amirmasoud Amirmazaheri Leila Shiri Gheydari Mahshid Shahidi
        Manuscript profile
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        30 - Assessment and Evaluation of Citizen's Views on the Impact of Commercial Television Advertising on Consumer Behavior (Case of Study: Ardebil City)
        Roghaye Eynollahinezhad Rahmatollah Amirahmadi Soroush Fathi
        Manuscript profile
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        31 - Investigating Social Values among Generational Groups in Gorgan City
        Mohammad Lakzaei Zahra Ghasemi Manizhe Navidnia
        10.30495/IJSS.2023.71278.1369
        Manuscript profile
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        32 - The effect of individual self-concept (Collective versus individualist) and nostalgia on the attitude and intention of recommending and buying consumers of food products
        Maryam Majnonian noshabadi Hamid Saeedi Shahrzad Chitsaz
        Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of individual self-concept (collective versus individualist) and nostalgia on the attitude and intention of recommending and buying consumers of food products. Method: The present study is an applied r More
        Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of individual self-concept (collective versus individualist) and nostalgia on the attitude and intention of recommending and buying consumers of food products. Method: The present study is an applied research method. Due to the fact that the present situation is analyzed, the method used in this research is an experimental research and a factor design. This research consists of eight variables, two of which are considered as two variables. The statistical population in this study includes consumers who have experience in consuming clean products. A sample of 157 people was tested and two 132 were tested. A questionnaire was used to collect the information and data needed to examine the research hypotheses. Anova and Tiayyodent tests were used for inferential statistics to examine the hypotheses. Results: Based on the results, all hypotheses were non-evaluative. Limit: The few studies and studies that can be compared with the research are among the most important limitations of the research. Managerial outcomes: It is suggested that marketers have two factors of nostalgia and self-concept for selling their products, and in addition to their health, the health and happiness of others, including their families, will be important to them. Innovation: This research has been conducted in a pilot-based approach that has been dealt with less and has been done in Iran for the first time. Manuscript profile
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        33 - The effect of entrepreneurial desire on the behavior of native businesses with the moderating role of national culture
        kianoosh khosravi Hassan Majididizaj
        Objective: Today, entrepreneurship plays an important role in the economic and social development of countries, and the creation of incentives for entrepreneurship and the development of entrepreneurial culture is fundamental. Researchers recognize the role of national More
        Objective: Today, entrepreneurship plays an important role in the economic and social development of countries, and the creation of incentives for entrepreneurship and the development of entrepreneurial culture is fundamental. Researchers recognize the role of national culture in this regard. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of entrepreneurial desire on the behavior of native businesses with the moderating role of national culture. Methodology: This research was a survey method and descriptive-applied in nature and purpose. The researcher-made questionnaire was designed as a five-item Likert scale. The statistical population of this study was all students of Management and Economics Faculty of Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch. According to statistics from the Education and Science Branch of the Azad University of Tehran, 9,000 undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral students are studying in the School of Management and Economics. According to Cochran formula, 370 people were selected as sample. The sampling method was available. After confirming the validity of the data gathering tool with Lavouche coefficient and its reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient the questionnaire was given to the respondent group and the alpha coefficient was 0.79. Data analysis was performed at two levels of descriptive and inferential. At descriptive level, statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, median, standard deviation and tables and column diagrams were used. At the inferential level, regression was used to test the hypotheses. The software used was SPSS 24. Findings: entrepreneurial tendency has a positive effect on the behavior of new businesses with the moderating role of national culture. An entrepreneurial desire to positively influence the behavior of startups. The entrepreneurial tendency has a positive effect on the behavior of novice businesses with the moderating role of individualist attitudes. The entrepreneurial desire to address the emerging business with the moderating role of gender perspective is not affected. The entrepreneurial tendency has a positive effect on the behavior of the native business with the moderating role of the strategic approach. The entrepreneurial desire does not affect the behavior of novice businesses with the moderating role of power relations. An entrepreneurial desire does not affect the behavior of novice businesses with the moderator role of avoiding uncertainty. Manuscript profile
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        34 - Conceptualizing Entrepreneur’s Individual Role in Home Based Business Marketing
        A. M. Golabi S. H. Khodadad Hoseini J. Yadollahi M. Rezvani
        The purpose of the present study is to determine the individual role and position of entrepreneurs in home-based business marketing activities. The paper main focus is on finding the combine characteristics of entrepreneurs as an influential factor in home-based busines More
        The purpose of the present study is to determine the individual role and position of entrepreneurs in home-based business marketing activities. The paper main focus is on finding the combine characteristics of entrepreneurs as an influential factor in home-based business marketing process. A qualitative exploratory approach and specifically the case study method were used for understanding the role of entrepreneurs in this context. The data were collected through depth and semi-structure interviews with 12 entrepreneur/owner manager of home-based businesses. The  findings indicated  that the entrepreneur individual is utilizing his/her personal characteristics and abilities, working experiences and skills, personal intuition and perception, proactiveness and adherence to ethical principles in market place, to gain more profit and also deliver higher values to his/her initial and secondary customers.   Manuscript profile
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        35 - The application of reason in Ibn Edris’s jurisprudence
        Daryoush Bekhradian
        A review of the works of religious scholars shows us their ways of argument to find religious rules. Ibn Edris is one of the jurists who only relies on the facts that are attainable through reasoning such as the book, the tradition, the consensus, and reason. Therefore, More
        A review of the works of religious scholars shows us their ways of argument to find religious rules. Ibn Edris is one of the jurists who only relies on the facts that are attainable through reasoning such as the book, the tradition, the consensus, and reason. Therefore, he accepts reason as an independent element and as one of the sources where the three other sources are not available. He introduces reason as a way to achieve religious laws and certainty. Although, he sees reason as an independent argument, he does not clarify his perception of reason, the limits, and applications, which widens the borders of reason. Through examining the instances of using reason in his works, we can conclude that reason from his viewpoint even encompasses verbal aspects such as tone and laws of practice. From his viewpoint, reason is attainable directly or sometimes through a statement, both of which are considered as a proof. Manuscript profile
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        36 - An Explanation of the Nature of Digital Currency and Its Buying and Selling with the Approach of Individual Jurisprudence
        Abbas Jalili Marzieh Pilehvar (corresponding author) Ali Sadeghi Shahpar
        10.30495/jijl.2022.70387.1613
        Digital currency is an economic idea derived from the development of modern computer technology, which has provided a new context for investment and money transfer for humans. Since the entry of digital currency into the economy of countries, the supervision of governme More
        Digital currency is an economic idea derived from the development of modern computer technology, which has provided a new context for investment and money transfer for humans. Since the entry of digital currency into the economy of countries, the supervision of governments in the financial field faces challenges, for this reason some countries deal with this issue with more caution and sensitivity. Considering the entry and activity of digital currency in our country and the doubts and ambiguities that exist on this issue from a jurisprudential point of view, it is necessary for the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a Shia government, to respond to these ambiguities. In this article, it has been tried to explain the nature of digital currency and its buying and selling with the approach of individual jurisprudence. The current article is descriptive and analytical and explains the topic using the library method. From the perspective of individual jurisprudence, the nature of digital currency has been adapted and examined in the structure and framework of the company contract, the Ja'ala contract and Hiyazat Mobahat (Possession of free and ownerless property). Manuscript profile
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        37 - Investigation of the Validity of Experts' Opinions in Jurisprudence
        Hossein Heidari Siamak Baharlooye Hormoz Asadi Kohhabad
        The doctrinaire individuals' opinions of lexical experts diverge from each other.Some of them don't admit to the expertise of lexical experts, and don't consider their promises solemn, except in the case of pledge; but, on the other hand, theyconsider them as the ones o More
        The doctrinaire individuals' opinions of lexical experts diverge from each other.Some of them don't admit to the expertise of lexical experts, and don't consider their promises solemn, except in the case of pledge; but, on the other hand, theyconsider them as the ones of testimonial type and liable to testimony; however,the most renowned doctrinaire individuals have stated some rational and relational reasons for their expertise and promise solemnity, that lexical expert is specialized in their field of study and has gained their specialty by doing research in semantics in such a manner that their expertise betokens their pledge, and in case of suspiciousness, they are considered as the specific suspicions who aren't included in the general edict of respect to the act of absolute suspicion. Jurisconsults have referred to lexical experts in most of juridical cases, even in the era of the infallibles (peace be upon them) in order to state the lexical meaning of expressions, as pioneer jurisconsults of Shiite and Sunni religions, with the assumption of their lexical expertise, have referenced lexical experts' texts as one of the ways to distinguish between reality and unreality, in that, their solemnity is innate based on intellectuals' principles in no contradiction to juridical canon (shari'a), and supporting the intellectuals' independent reason as a specific scientific reason; and it is considered as a specialized subject independent of testimony as well. Thus, with proving the expertise of the lexical individuals and their word and promise through the  intellectuals' principles, and other juridical principles, the validity of the experts' opinions will be proved. Manuscript profile
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        38 - Analysis of the Jurisprudence Nature of Technology Transfer in Petroleum Contracts
        Hojjat Shafiei Majid Vaziri
        Technology transfer in petroleum contracts must have jurisdictional legislation and provide materials to the contracting parties therefore, it is necessary to explain the jurisprudential nature of technology transfer in these contracts. This descriptive-analytic researc More
        Technology transfer in petroleum contracts must have jurisdictional legislation and provide materials to the contracting parties therefore, it is necessary to explain the jurisprudential nature of technology transfer in these contracts. This descriptive-analytic research answers the questions that what is the jurisprudential nature of technology transfer in petroleum contracts? which of the following is in accordance with Islamic jurisprudence? After examining different types of international legal and indefinite contracts and different formats such as bye back, leasing and reward contract it was found the step four of bye back (IPC) it is very similar to lease and reward contracts. also concluded that technology transfer in Petroleum contracts is similar to leasing. The most important legal effect is that, under the terms of the contract for the lease of individuals, the contractor has no rental right of ownership, and is merely entitled to receive the remuneration provided by the service. Manuscript profile
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        39 - General Addresses and Its Effects
        Ahmad Reza Tavakoli Mohammad Kazem rahman Setayesh
        Principle scholars look at general addresses including religious rulesdifferently. some believe general addresses are from foreign mattersand some believe general addresses are from real matters.According to these attitudes , the subjects in general addresses areindivid More
        Principle scholars look at general addresses including religious rulesdifferently. some believe general addresses are from foreign mattersand some believe general addresses are from real matters.According to these attitudes , the subjects in general addresses areindividuals not the titles mentioned in the address. Because generaladdresses analyzed to specific addresses are related to the numberof individuals, so there should be duty conditions in order to havetrue orders. In contrast to these two attitudes , Imam Khomeinibelieves the subject of these addresses are general title and natures,not individuals. order in these matters is not related to individualsone by one and these general addresses analyzed to specificaddresses are not related to the number of obliged people. So,characteristics and conditions of individuals are not reliable in theseaddresses. The result of accepting this attitude is resolving principleproblem in discussions such as opposite discussion or those mattersthat obliged person has general knowledge a bout. Because theorigin of the problem is conditioning of obliged individuals states(like power) for duty. It causes in some cases such as the address ofimportant a bout opposite things and the address about the dutybeyond obliged individual ability , the address is not focused on theobliges individual. In this paper, firstly, we have defined the addressand different kinds of it. Then, we have investigated different partsof general addresses separately. Different attitudes have beenmentioned about the addresses. Finally the results of attitudesdifferences have been offered. Manuscript profile
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        40 - Provide a Model for Interactive/Qualitative Analysis (IQA) of Themes of psychoanalytic contracts of individual interactions Auditor with partners
        Hasan Sarhadi Mohammadreza Abdoli Farhad Dehdar
        10.30495/jma.2022.20581
        In the audit profession, the nature of psychoanalytic contracts differs greatly from other structures of organizational behavior due in large part to the inconsistency with the content of the audit profession that maintains the auditor's professional behavior. Psychoana More
        In the audit profession, the nature of psychoanalytic contracts differs greatly from other structures of organizational behavior due in large part to the inconsistency with the content of the audit profession that maintains the auditor's professional behavior. Psychoanalytic contracts in interpersonal interactions in auditing are an important and significant issue, because due to the existence of a coherent and equal understanding of the content and nature of the audit profession can lead to interaction between the auditor and the audit partner. The purpose of this research is Provide a Model for Interactive/Qualitative Analysis (IQA) of Themes of psychoanalytic contracts of individual interactions Auditor with partners. In this research, in the first part of the analysis, the topics related to psychoanalytic contracts between the auditor and the partner were identified through meta-analysis and Delphi analysis. According to this analysis, 15 experts and specialists in accounting and financial management at the university level, who were selected through homogeneous qualitative sampling, participated. Then, based on the link analysis in the quantitative section, which includes the analysis of internal links and the relationships between links and the systematic impact of links, With the participation of 20 audit partners with more than 10 years of experience, it was decided to establish the most important element of communication between the thematic propositions of psychoanalytic contracts between the auditor and the partner. The results in the qualitative section indicated the existence of two propositional themes under the headings of implicit and implicit themes in psychoanalytic contracts, which entered the phase of link analysis based on 20 propositions that reached theoretical adequacy based on Delphi analysis. The results showed in the quantitative section that in relation to the implicit themes of psychoanalytic contracts, the most stimulating statement of the charismatic style of the partner style is in interaction with the auditor, which ultimately leads to a consequence such as achieving the professional identity of auditors. Also related to the implicit themes of psychoanalytic contracts, the most motivating proposition is the development of clear guidelines for auditors' professional work with an audit partner that will strengthen the auditor's beliefs about the auditing professional's rules and procedures. Manuscript profile
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        41 - The effect of auditor's individual characteristics in desire to use and relying on decision aid
        امید پورحیدری سعید بذرافشان
        The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of auditor's individualcharacteristics (Such as experience and Confidence in personal judgment) in desire touse the decision aid and relying on the results of that. Data collection tool isquestionnaire, which has proved More
        The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of auditor's individualcharacteristics (Such as experience and Confidence in personal judgment) in desire touse the decision aid and relying on the results of that. Data collection tool isquestionnaire, which has proved its reliability and validity. To achieve the mentionedgoal, was used a decision aid that its usefulness was confirmed in previous research.The questionnaires containing decision aid were distributed between auditors. Dataanalysis was performed using the path Analysis method with Amos software. Theresults showed, with increasing the auditor's experience and addition with increasingauditor's confidence personal judgment, his desire will increase to use the decisionaid. This also led to less reliance by auditor on the results of the decision aid. Also theeffect of direct experience and confidence in personal judgment (withoutintermediate: desire to use decision aid) in relying on the results decision aid, theresults showed an inverse and significant relationship. Manuscript profile
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        42 - Investigating the Perception of Financial statements preparers of Acceptance and Application of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
        Shirzad Naderi Farzaneh Heidarpour Ramzanali Royaei Ghodratolah Talebnia
        Many countries today, with regard to the benefits of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), tend to accept and implementation it or have harmonized their national standards with it, and on the other hand, the assessment of the fundamental changes in account More
        Many countries today, with regard to the benefits of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), tend to accept and implementation it or have harmonized their national standards with it, and on the other hand, the assessment of the fundamental changes in accounting and financial reporting systems, without considering the views of its stakeholders, can affect the probability of its successful. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to assess the perception of financial statements preparers (accountants) as one of the main stakeholders of the change in the financial reporting system and the implementation of IFRS. For this purpose, accountants' perception working in subject and non-subject companies use of IFRS, In accordance with the requirements of the Tehran Stock Exchange was assessed by considering four factors individual, technical, situational and change processes through a questionnaire distributed among accountants. The results of the questionnaires were analyzed using structural equation method (PLS). The findings of the research show that accountants 'perception is influenced by the above four factors, but the effect of these factors on auditors' perceptions differs from the implement of IFRS in Iran. Manuscript profile
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        43 - To study methodologically the factors affecting on impression management in the main department of culture and Islamic guidance in Esfehan province
        Mehrdad Sadeghi Akbar Etebariyan Reza Ebrahimzadeh
        The goal of the study was to describe and identify the staff’s experiences working at the main department of culture and Islamic guidance in Esfehan province. In terms of goal, the research was an applied research and it was a qualitative research in terms of data More
        The goal of the study was to describe and identify the staff’s experiences working at the main department of culture and Islamic guidance in Esfehan province. In terms of goal, the research was an applied research and it was a qualitative research in terms of data collection method using phenomenological method. The needed data were collected via in – depth interviews with 24 participants who had been selected using purposeful samplings. The triple approach developed by Rao and Prey (2003) was used to examine the reliability of the results. Validity approaches developed by Lincoln and Guba (2007) (external validity, descriptive validity and interpretive validity) were used to test the validity of the results. The results obtained indicated that the factors of impression management consist of individual factors related to employees, individual factors related to managers, organizational factors, social – cultural factors, political factors and moderating factors, methods and tactics were classified into two groups of negative and positive methods and tactics and organizational consequences. The findings of the research indicated people have experienced this phenomenon in different ways. Hence, to pay attention to this topic could be effective on organizational health and staff’s physical and mental moods. So it requires special attention. Manuscript profile
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        44 - The relationship between of Culture Elements and the Valuation of Cash Holdings
        gh داداش زاده Rezvan Hejazi
        The most important factor in the economic health of these units is the balance between available cash and cash needs. Although the effects of national culture on financial decision-making are reflected in the development of financial markets throughout the world, but ne More
        The most important factor in the economic health of these units is the balance between available cash and cash needs. Although the effects of national culture on financial decision-making are reflected in the development of financial markets throughout the world, but nevertheless to justify the behavior of keeping cash by companies, culture is an issue of great importance. Accordingly, in this research, has been investigated the relationship between cultural elements and evaluation of cash holdings. For this purpose, the Hofstede Cultural Components Questionnaire (1980) has gathered information on the cultural Exchange companies. Following the research by Orlova, et al (2017), were used to measure cultural elements two dimensions of individualism and uncertainty avoidance and the valuation of cash holdings has been used by Faulkender and Wang (2006) modified by Pinkowitz et al (2006). The purpose of this study is applied and is essentially descriptive-survey. The results of the research show that there is no correlation between cultural elements and the evaluation of cash holdings and this relationship was not even confirmed by the inclusion of economic indicators and financial development. Also, the relationship between cultural elements and the valuation of cash holdings is not different in companies of a larger size than smaller. Manuscript profile
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        45 - l Recognition of Factors influencing the Growth of Organizational Generosity on the basis of phenomenology
        Mohsen Ameri Shahrabi Maryam Amany
        Abstract In this study, two-step sequential combinations were used. In order to explore the factors affecting organizational generosity in this study, the methodology of phenomenal methodology used by van Menen in 1396 was used. The qualitative research of the society i More
        Abstract In this study, two-step sequential combinations were used. In order to explore the factors affecting organizational generosity in this study, the methodology of phenomenal methodology used by van Menen in 1396 was used. The qualitative research of the society is equal to the sample and the present study was conducted using qualitative judgment sampling and based on the comments of 33 agricultural bank experts. In this research, a systematic method of thematic analysis was used based on the information presented in the works of Tichan et al. In the next step, the effective factors on organizational well-being extracted qualitatively were designed in a questionnaire. The purpose of this questionnaire design was to obtain credible data and, through these data, ranked the factors that threatened organizational integrity. The 120 employees of the Agricultural Bank of the Statistical Society form the second stage of the study. In the second stage, the questionnaire is a type of validation and factor analysis, and finally, a descriptive-analytic type is used to rank the effective factors in the organizational generosity of the research. Finally, a model of the themes and inventions extracted from the interviews of the Agricultural Bank staff was presented based on the three dimensions of external factors, internal factors and individual factors. Finally, using the Friedman rank test, the highest average score in this field is related to the external factor factor of 2.04. Institutional and individual factors are at an average of 1.98 on one level. Manuscript profile
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        46 - The Interaction Effects of Management Accounting Information Systems on Production Performance in Pluralist and individualism organization
        Donya Ahadian Poor Parvin Parvin Norozi
        Introduction and main purpose: Culture is one of the factors in the use of management accounting information and decision-making executives, because in different cultures, how learning and thinking of people is different, so considering of cultural differences can be he More
        Introduction and main purpose: Culture is one of the factors in the use of management accounting information and decision-making executives, because in different cultures, how learning and thinking of people is different, so considering of cultural differences can be help to make efficient accounting management information systems for helping management decision making. Methodology: This study examined the simple and interactive impact of culture (in two dimensions individualism and pluralism), the level of information provided by management accounting information systems and advanced manufactured technology on production performance.in companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2015-2016. Results: The results of a survey reveal that a simple effects of management accounting information, culture and advanced manufactured technology on the performance of production confirmed, but in pluralistic communities progress of manufactured technology and non – financial performance, Advanced cost management has significant and negative effect on the performance of production and in the both of communities (pluralistic or individualistic) progress of manufactured technology and financial performance, traditional cost management has significant and negative effect on the performance of production, may be one of the reasons for these result is the national culture with a lot of uncertainty.  Manuscript profile
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        47 - The investigation of E-readiness Effect on Human Resource Development
        ebrahim rajabpour
        With the emergence and development of modern information technology, organizations to achieve their strategic goals are needed of specialists and qualified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of e-readiness on the development of human resource. The re More
        With the emergence and development of modern information technology, organizations to achieve their strategic goals are needed of specialists and qualified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of e-readiness on the development of human resource. The research based on objective is implicated and based on Data collection methods is survey. The statistical population of the research (active companies in the field of oil and gas in Assalouyeh) is about 400 people. Using the Morgan table, a sample of 196 people is included. For generalizability, around 270 questionnaires were distributed among respondents with a return rate of 92%; 236 questionnaires were analyzed. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire and a purposeful and non-random sampling method. Also, face validity, content and structure of the questionnaire were confirmed with the help of professors and expert experts and statistical analyzes. The results show a positive and significant correlation between the level of e-readiness and human resource development. It was also found that e-readiness has the greatest effect on the social development of human resources.   Manuscript profile
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        48 - The Mediating Role of Individual Learning in the Relationship Between E learning and Academic Achievement (Case Study: Students at Islamic Azad University of Mahmoodabad Branch)
        nadi alizadeh maryam rezaei
        Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of interpersonal learning between e-learning and academic achievement of students of Islamic Azad University of Mahmoud Abad. Methodology: This research is a correlation based on the purpose of the appl More
        Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of interpersonal learning between e-learning and academic achievement of students of Islamic Azad University of Mahmoud Abad. Methodology: This research is a correlation based on the purpose of the applied type and according to the method of collecting data from the descriptive type and from the survey group. Statistical population: The statistical population of this study was Azad University of Mahmoud Abad Islamic Azad University. 293 university students were selected randomly. Method of research: The measurement tool of this research was three standard e-learning standard questionnaires (Keynes, 2004), individual learning (Moghimi, 2011) and academic achievement (Valerand, 1989). To determine the validity of the questionnaires, formal reliability was used and to determine the reliability of the tool, Cronbach's alpha coefficient (for electronic learning questionnaires equaled 0.825, individual learning was equal to 0.863 and academic achievement equaled 847). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression and analyzed using SPSS software. Findings and Conclusion: Individual learning between e-learning and academic achievement of students has a mediating role. Manuscript profile
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        49 - Study of Women's Entrepreneurship in the Manufacturing Centers of Tehran and Suburbs
        دکتر مهرداد نوابخش مرضیه زارع هرفته
        The concept of entrepreneurship is rapidly gaining importance and recentlywomen's entrepreneurship has attracted many people around the world. Womenthrough entrepreneurship can show their potentialities, remove the obstacles andimprove their abilities.In the developing More
        The concept of entrepreneurship is rapidly gaining importance and recentlywomen's entrepreneurship has attracted many people around the world. Womenthrough entrepreneurship can show their potentialities, remove the obstacles andimprove their abilities.In the developing countries, women are considered as the main hope to improvethe status of the family as well as country. Through entrepreneur activities, womennot only provide economic profits, but socio-cultural benefits as well. The main objectof the present research is to examine the socio-economic developmental affects ofwomen's entrepreneurship.The sample consisted of 150 women chosen from prod using, industrial andservicing companies. The methods used are survey research and documental research,using written questionnaires and fish notes for gathering information.The analysis of information is arranged in four sections, including descriptivesection, testing the hypothesis correlation analysis and multivariable regressionanalysis. For testing the hypothesis Q.S statistical method were used, according whichall the hypothesizes were approved.In other words there was a relationship between individual (motives, objectivesand human capital) environmental (cultural and socio-economic factors) and networkfactors and entrepreneurship index.Regression analysis index of entrepreneurship's relation with independentvariables indicates that among independent variables, individual-personality factorsand network factors and cultural factors have interred the equation and thatenvironmental factors are of the main importance. Manuscript profile
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        50 - The investigation of the impact of the cultural values on conservatism in financial reporting in listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange
        دکتر هاشم نیکومرام سعید جبارزاده کنگرلوئی سعید خدایار یگانه
        With respect to major differences of religion, belief and cultural values indifferent societies, the expected result of advances in various fields including scienceand information technology, different cultures must move towards the integration ofcultural. In this regar More
        With respect to major differences of religion, belief and cultural values indifferent societies, the expected result of advances in various fields including scienceand information technology, different cultures must move towards the integration ofcultural. In this regard, financial issues are very important with the creation offinancial Multinational companies working in the different communities with differentcultures. The other hand, the value accounting can be a subset of social and culturalvalues that its characteristics will be visible in the financial reporting and accountingstandards. Therefore, researchers in accounting have done more research using theGray's model for the measurement of the impact of culture on accounting values. thisresearch have done for the response to this question that, do Hofstede's cultural valuescan affect on conservatism in financial or not. In order to test research hypotheses,were selected sample from among 107 member companies listed in Tehran StockExchange between 1380 and 1386. Subsequent, Conservatism in financial reporting ismeasured through Guly and Hine model (2007) and information of variables related toculture was collected through the standard questionnaire Hofstede (1991). Finally,correlation between research variables was examined through multivariate regression,Durbin - Watson and Pearson correlation model. hypothesis test results, although issimilar to previous research conducted in Iran from the point of correlation betweenvariables, but ultimately very weak correlation between culture variables andconservatism in financial reporting resulting to rejection of research hypothesis andrejection of significant relationship between cultural values and conservatism infinancial reporting. Manuscript profile
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        51 - The investigation the effect of the cultural values on the cash holdings at listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
        سعید جبارزاده کنگرلویی انور بایزیدی
        Introduction and research purpose: The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between the cultural values and the cash holdings at listed companies in TSE. The criteria of the cultural values are Power Distance Index (PDI), Uncertainty Avoidance Ind More
        Introduction and research purpose: The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between the cultural values and the cash holdings at listed companies in TSE. The criteria of the cultural values are Power Distance Index (PDI), Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI), Individualism (IDV), and Masculinity (MAS). Research Method: To measuring of the cultural values was used Hofstede ques 􀆟onnaire and also for cash holdings was applied Ozkan & Ozkan (2004) and Opler & et al. (1999) Models. In this study, it was selected 92 samples in TSE during 2002 ‐2009, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) is applied to tes􀆟ng hypotheses of research and Determination Coefficient, Akaike and Schware measures are used for comparing these models on economic so 􀅌ware EViews 6. Findings: The findings indicate that Power Distance Index and Uncertainty Avoidance Index have weak and positive relationship to cash holdings, however, Individualism and Masculinity has weak and negative relationship to it. Among of the cultural values, Individualism index mid to the control variables has had the most effect on the cash holdings. Results: Results show that the more leveraged and substitute cash assets companies hold the less cash, and reverse, the companies that are able to create of the operating cash flow hold the more cash to internal finance. Manuscript profile
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        52 - The Effect of Cultural Components on Personal Brand Model Based on Individual Competencies
        Sedigheh Saemian Moghadaseh Mohamadian Hamied mirmoeini Farzaneh shahrokhy
        Introduction and Research Goal: Personal branding is a procedure that individuals and their expertise are marked as commercial brands by using it. On other words, the implementation of this procedure leads to a specific sense of recognition, and a memorable and perfect More
        Introduction and Research Goal: Personal branding is a procedure that individuals and their expertise are marked as commercial brands by using it. On other words, the implementation of this procedure leads to a specific sense of recognition, and a memorable and perfect feeling in the owner of the brand. Hence, the recognition of these fields for participation in competitive environments with a variety of management functions, and also turning the activities to multipurpose ones became one of the main requirements for skills development. With such a background, the present investigation aimed to investigate the Effect of Cultural Components on Personal Brand Model Based on Individual Competencies.Research Methodology: The collected data was obtained from 94 persons who owned brands in Iran in 2013 by using researcher made questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by employing Cronbach’s alpha method, which was 0.80 The structural validity was used to check the reliability of the questionnaire, and the results validated the research tool. The data was analyzed through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), Smart PLS software and Multiple Regression (MP), and the final model was presented in this paper.Finding: According to obtaining findings from Standardized coefficients and t-statistics, total of effective cultural components had direct and significant impact on personal brand (-2.58 < t < 2.58 and Standardized coefficients was positive)Conclusion: The results of the present research demonstrated the proper fit of the model based on the effect of the dimensions of cultural components such as Values and beliefs, motivational patterns, lifestyles, and tolerance of ambiguity on personal brand based on individual competencies in the fields of knowledge, skill and attitude. Manuscript profile
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        53 - Portrayal of Disability in feature films, based on Disability Models
        محمد سلطانی فر پریسا افتخار
        Motion pictures act as a major information source about disabilities for millions of viewers, helping shape public attitudes that are critical for societal integration of persons with disabilities. In recent decades, disability models have been changed based on a signi More
        Motion pictures act as a major information source about disabilities for millions of viewers, helping shape public attitudes that are critical for societal integration of persons with disabilities. In recent decades, disability models have been changed based on a significant growth in science, increase in public awareness, communications revolution and movements of disability rights activists. The portrayal of individuals with disabilities in feature films contributes to societies overall perception of disability and the rights fulfillment of persons with disability. Therefore the purpose of this study was to analyze four films produced in recent two decades that had a main character with disability. The analysis of the movies was based on disability models and included stereotypes identified by the research literature. Film review and analysis of Iranian movies resulted that portrayal of persons with disability in these movies are transitioning from Individual model to social but has not yet completely accomplished, portrayal based on stereotypes was seen in these movies too.  In comparison, disability portrayal in foreign movies of this analysis was most based on social model of disability Manuscript profile
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        54 - Determining the Level of Individual Entrepreneurship among Students of Islamic Azad University
        علی شاه حسینی علی میرآخورلی
        This research is a practical one which has been done through questionnaires andthe statistical population includes graduate students of cultural management. It tries toidentify the level of the main components of individual entrepreneurship i.e.: risktaking, need to suc More
        This research is a practical one which has been done through questionnaires andthe statistical population includes graduate students of cultural management. It tries toidentify the level of the main components of individual entrepreneurship i.e.: risktaking, need to success, having the center of internal control, tendency to creativity,the need for independence, tolerance of ambiguity, futurism and negotiation poweramong students of cultural management are identified and tested.According to the research questions, the level of individual entrepreneurshipamong students of cultural management has been evaluated as good which is too farfrom the optimal level. But among the most important findings is that there is aninverse relationship between the risk taking components, the need for independenceand tolerance of ambiguity and gender. There is an inverse relationship between therisk taking components and the need to success and age. I.e. with the increase of theage of the students the level of these components reduces. There is a directrelationship between having a center of internal control, ambiguity tolerance andnegotiation power and the age, and no significant relation between the components oftendency to creativity and age. Manuscript profile
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        55 - The effect of individual factors on women's attitudes Toward body in Tehran
        Fatemeh Baratlou Marjan Khodi
        Introduction and Aim: In this study, individual factors affecting women's attitudes toward body management are examined. The objective of this study is to determine factors influencing women's attitude that is discussed with the help of the theories of Foucault,Gaffman, More
        Introduction and Aim: In this study, individual factors affecting women's attitudes toward body management are examined. The objective of this study is to determine factors influencing women's attitude that is discussed with the help of the theories of Foucault,Gaffman, Baudrillard, Turner, Moss, Douglas, Festinger, and Feminists. The subject is explained and analyzed with questions such as to what extent do individual factors influence women's attitudes towards managing body? Do demographic characteristics (education, economic status, age, and so on) affect the attitude of women towards managing the body?    Research methodology: The population of the study was all the woman participating in sports clubs of Tehran District 5 which their number was 1841 people. The sample size was estimated 317 people by Cochran sampling formula and samples were selected using cluster sampling. To collect data was used from a questionnaire which covered the survey questions   The  Method  is survey, to collect data, a 14-item researcher designed questionnaire based on Likert  scale is used whose validity was confirmed by 8 experts. Findings: To analyze the data use was from descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, average and standard deviation in the form of tables and charts) and inferential statistics (Cronbach's alpha, chi-square and kruskal -Wallis tests) by SPSS software in significance level P≤0.05. Conclusion: the findings showed that all individual factors influencing the attitudes of women towards managing body are at a level higher than the average. There is a significant difference in the effect of individual factors on women's attitudes towards body management based on demographic factors such as age, marital status, personal education, maternal education, employment status, economic status, income and housing situation. However, there is no significant difference in social and cultural factors influencing attitudes of women towards managing body based on area of residence.   Manuscript profile
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        56 - Analysis of Social Interest in Group and Individual Sports: Case Study of Mazandaran Province Students
        farnaz fakhri ali vafaei moqadam Mohsen Hadi Tahan mohammad zoleikani
        10.30495/jisds.2022.62899.11580
        various governments are trying to increase the participation of people in sports activities, one of their main strategies is to attract school students to sport. The purpose of this article is to analyze how to interest students in sport based on their social dimension, More
        various governments are trying to increase the participation of people in sports activities, one of their main strategies is to attract school students to sport. The purpose of this article is to analyze how to interest students in sport based on their social dimension, which is discussed in two separate groups and groups. The method of this research is descriptive and comparative. The statistical population of the study consisted of male and female students studying in the second grade secondary education of Sari district 2. Data collection was based on a researcher-made questionnaire that a group of psychology and physical education professors confirmed its validity. Also, its reliability was estimated to be α = 82. Anova's test used for data analyses that the Research findings show that Anova's test did not show any difference between social interest and individual and group sports. There was no difference between male and female sexes, but girls had little interest in sports than boys. According to research findings, by creating a more open and competitive sport space, social and sports interest can be established. Manuscript profile
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        57 - Cyber social networks and cultural development
        mastooreh ezzatzadeh
        10.30495/jisds.2007.21305
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social networks in increasing the cultural literacy of Faculty members (Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch) with a cultural development. The research method is survey and a questionnaire is used to col More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social networks in increasing the cultural literacy of Faculty members (Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch) with a cultural development. The research method is survey and a questionnaire is used to collect information. The sampling method is multi-stage cluster random sampling.The sample size is determined by using the Cochran's test 285 people. The validity of the questionnaire is confirmed by communication and social science experts.Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the independent variable (use of social networks) and the dependent variable of the research (Cultural literacy and its dimensions) indicate the high internal relation of the items and in other words the reliability of the research tool reliability.Analysis of data at the descriptive level using statistical characteristics such as frequency, frequency percentage, At the inferential level, it was done using SPSS software and also using Chi-square test and Spearman correlation coefficient.Findings of correlation analysis shows that use social networks have a positive effect on increasing the level of cultural literacy of university faculty members.The use of social networks also plays a role in increasing the level of cultural literacy (individual and social faculty members) Manuscript profile
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        58 - Study of factors affecting the political anomie among youth between (18 to 32) province Ilam
        عزالدین نوریان فر
        10.30495/jisds.2007.21204
        abstract:When social norms and collective consciousness will lose its legitimacy on the one hand and "division of labor" on the other hand be cut off anomaly in a society dominated by and norms formality, lose your credibility in such circumstances, the order of anomie More
        abstract:When social norms and collective consciousness will lose its legitimacy on the one hand and "division of labor" on the other hand be cut off anomaly in a society dominated by and norms formality, lose your credibility in such circumstances, the order of anomie web arises. The key themes in social and political fields at the community level, promoting and intensifying its political anomie. One of the fundamental causes of change accelerated the emergence of anomie in modern societies, especially in developing countries.. examined the factors affecting political anomie among young people aged 18 to 32 conducted in Ilam.The methodology of the study was cross-sectional and standardized questionnaires were used to collect data. In this study, random cluster sampling method to determine the sample size was 138 people from young girls and boys in Ilam. variable religious solidarity and individualism, among other variables and anomie in the relationship shown significant level of 0.000. Also showed that the level of political anomie average more common among adolescents and among female gender can be shown that the poor anomie (5/46) far more than political anomie weak (9/37) among men. Manuscript profile
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        59 - The Generational Study of Marriage Value Change in Iran (Case of Study: Women in Zanjan City)
        Hassan Saraie Sajjad Ojaghloo
        Manuscript profile
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        60 - Sociological analysis of the generation gap of children and parents awaiting the role of each other in the urban family of Iran (Case study of Tehran)
        Habibollah Karimian Mehrdad Navabakhsh
        Family is one of the social institutions where the roles and role expectations are of great importance. In Iranian urban families, members play significant roles in relation to each other, and the expectations of each member of the role played by the other is also worth More
        Family is one of the social institutions where the roles and role expectations are of great importance. In Iranian urban families, members play significant roles in relation to each other, and the expectations of each member of the role played by the other is also worthy of consideration. The multiple, and often ultimately conflicting, roles of the parents on the one hand, and the transition of urban families from tradition to modernity, on the other, have pushed the expectations of the parents of their roles away from what their children expect of their parents. The present field study is cross-sectional, extensive and practical in nature. The instrument used is a researcher-made questionnaire to collect the required data from the interviewees. The research population were all the families living in the 22 municipality districts of Tehran (2,597,731 families based on the 2011 census). The results show a significant difference between the parents and their children in level of education and attitudes towards innovation, individualism, and the generation gap. There is also evidence for the effect of the family’s socio-economic status on creation of a generation gap. There is also the effect of the children’s educational level on the formation of the gap. Parents and their children also differ in their observance of religious traditions and rites including prayer and fasting.  Manuscript profile
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        61 - Cyber Social Networks and Cultural Development
        Mastooreh Ezzatzadeh
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social networks in increasing the cultural literacy of Faculty members (Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch) with a cultural development. The research method is survey and a questionnaire is used to col More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social networks in increasing the cultural literacy of Faculty members (Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch) with a cultural development. The research method is survey and a questionnaire is used to collect information. The sampling method is multi-stage cluster random sampling. The sample size is determined by using the Cochran's test 285 people. The validity of the questionnaire is confirmed by communication and social science experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the independent variable (use of social networks) and the dependent variable of the research (Cultural literacy and its dimensions) indicate the high internal relation of the items and in other words the reliability of the research tool reliability. Analysis of data at the descriptive level using statistical characteristics such as frequency, frequency percentage, At the inferential level, it was done using SPSS software and also using Chi-square test and Spearman correlation coefficient. Findings of correlation analysis shows that use social networks have a positive effect on increasing the level of cultural literacy of university faculty members. The use of social networks also plays a role in increasing the level of cultural literacy (individual and social faculty members). Manuscript profile
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        62 - Identity & Good in Charles Taylor's view
        Shahla Eslami
        Charles Taylor has a distinctive status among contemporary philosophers. Taylor’s important concerns are “identity” and the “lack of meaning”. He thinks that modern moral philosophy is lacking in strong evaluation of “identity”. What is dominant in the modern age is a n More
        Charles Taylor has a distinctive status among contemporary philosophers. Taylor’s important concerns are “identity” and the “lack of meaning”. He thinks that modern moral philosophy is lacking in strong evaluation of “identity”. What is dominant in the modern age is a naturalistic view, which, as Taylor puts it, destroys the meaning of life; individualism and instrumentalism are consequences of this view. In his historical account, Taylor shows that individualism leads us to authenticity and relativism. Taylor thinks that “identity” is to know who I am and where I stand. Our identity is defined by commitments and identifications. Moreover, identity is formed by our dialogical and social character. Also the Good is shaped in association and dialogue. One of Taylor’s concerns is restoration the meaning to our life. He speaks of frame or horizon within which human beings receive meaning for living. According to Taylor, it is possible to make a relation between “identity” and “good”. One major criticism against Taylor’s thought is that there is an inconsistency between “identity” and “good” in it. In other words, we cannot believe in an identity as formed by dialogue and, at the same time, speak of similar moral intuitions. Manuscript profile
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        63 - The Logic of Situation and its Appliance to Literary Criticism and Theories
        رهبر اشنوئی محمودزاده
        Much has been said in discussions concerning literary criticism fromthe position of the writer and the reader deciding the type of theexisting readings and claims in criticisms. But the problem is that theidentity of the writers and readers of various texts are not prec More
        Much has been said in discussions concerning literary criticism fromthe position of the writer and the reader deciding the type of theexisting readings and claims in criticisms. But the problem is that theidentity of the writers and readers of various texts are not preciselydefinite and determined in a way we could be able to establish ourcritic claims. How could we deal with such a problem and what mightbe the solution to it? The concepts such as “the real individual”,“typical individual” and the broader concept of “the logic of situation”have been applied here to find a solution to this problem and all thesediscussions have become an introduction to Roland Barth's “the deathof the writer” theory. And here Roland Barth's viewpoints can bechallenged. A study of Barth's theory according to the concept of “thelogic of situation” can lead us to results contradictory with those ofBarth's. In fact, the work done here in this article is that the theory of 'the death of the writer' has been applied to that theory itself; that is, theconsequences of Barth's theory have been studied independent from hisown intentions. Manuscript profile
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        64 - Avistotle, Ibn-Sina, and Spinoza on “Substance”: A Comparative Study
        مهدی اسعدی سید مرتضی طباطبایی
        Aristotle and Spinoza are two stream making Philosophers in thehistory of philosophy, and both has chosen the matter of substance astheir philosophical subject. The root of many disputes on a huge part ofwest philosophy can be obtained through comparing the characterist More
        Aristotle and Spinoza are two stream making Philosophers in thehistory of philosophy, and both has chosen the matter of substance astheir philosophical subject. The root of many disputes on a huge part ofwest philosophy can be obtained through comparing the characteristicsof the sub from their point of view. This is notable that thesephilosophers has some similarities in defining the substance, but theyget far from each other in defining the characteristics and instances ofsubstance. The article's first step to examining Aristotle's viewpoint intwo books of Arganon and Metaphysics, and analayzing Spinoza,stheory in book of Ethics. However, looking toward the meaning ofsubstance in the Avecina's custom context and expression, and hisinnovation can also help for better understanding of substance throughMashaism's views. The researchers scale for analyzing has been theamount of consistency of substance definition with the other parts ofphilosophical system. With examining the following the conclusionwould be that Spinoza's definition bears more logical stability andprovides a more solid system. Manuscript profile
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        65 - Investigating the effect of individual and environmental factors of Empowerment of villagers on reverse migration and the relationship between them (Case study: Kordabad, Vian and Taherlu villages Kaboudrahang)
        davood abbasi Masoud Mahdavi Hajiloui Rahim Sarvar Parviz kardvani
        Abstract Today, migration is one of the main problems of rural communities and empowering villagers seems to be one of the best solutions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of individual and environmental factors of Empowerment of villagers o More
        Abstract Today, migration is one of the main problems of rural communities and empowering villagers seems to be one of the best solutions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of individual and environmental factors of Empowerment of villagers on reverse migration and the relationship between them to the case study of Kordabad, Vian and Taherlu villages Kaboudrahang. In this regard, the present research method is descriptive-analytical with a practical purpose that has been collected by the data questionnaire tool and to analyze the data is used from Pearson correlation coefficient, step-by-step regression and variance analysis test in the form of SPSS software. In this regard, research findings have shown that there is a direct and significant relationship between individual and environmental factors with rural empowerment with the motive of reverse migration, individual and environmental empowerment factors are effective in reverse migration and that the motive for reverse migration among rural villagers Taherloo and Vian are more than the villagers of Kordabad village. Keywords: Individual and environmental factors, empowerment, reverse migration, Kordabad, Vian, Taherlo villages. Manuscript profile
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        66 - Analyzing Individual and Environmental Factors Affecting on Entrepreneurship Development of Agricultural Students in Bu-Ali Sina University
        Maryam Yosefi Mohamadi Faezeh Goli Reza Movahrdi
        This applied study was a descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study was both graduated and undergraduate students from Bu-Ali Sina University (N=200) from those 120 samples were selected by Cochran's sample size formula (n=120). Data were collected thro More
        This applied study was a descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the study was both graduated and undergraduate students from Bu-Ali Sina University (N=200) from those 120 samples were selected by Cochran's sample size formula (n=120). Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire structured in six parts with 76 both open and closed questions. The validity of the questionnaire's questions was verified by a group of experts and the reliability of the questionnaire during a pre-test was calculated by Cronbach's Alpha test. The reliability rate of the questions for different parts of the questionnaire was higher than 0.87. Data analyzing method in descriptive section was done using mean, frequency and coefficient of variation and in analytical section some test such as correlation coefficients (Spearman, Pearson, Kendal tau) and factor analysis for analyzing the most important environmental factors affecting on entrepreneurship were used. Results showed a significant relationship between the students' age, level of education and their level of entrepreneurship. The results also revealed a significant relationship between some individual characteristics of the students i.e. flexibility, perseverance, and leadership and the level of entrepreneurship. Results from ordinal regression analysis indicated that group leadership, flexibility, effort and perseverance explained, skill 41 percent of the probability of variance of entrepreneurship variable. Manuscript profile
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        67 - Economic Evaluation of Recreational Operation of Ahwaz Beach Park Using Individual Travel Cost Method
        abas abdeshahi Ebrahim Ensan
        10.22034/jest.2018.12821
        Background and Objective: According to the increasing demand for recreational and entertainment centers, economic and social analysis and investigating human needs providing possibilities and facilities is neccesary. The main objective of this study is to estimate the r More
        Background and Objective: According to the increasing demand for recreational and entertainment centers, economic and social analysis and investigating human needs providing possibilities and facilities is neccesary. The main objective of this study is to estimate the recreational value of Ahwaz Beach Park as an important entertainment center of Khuzestan people especially Ahwaz city. Method: Individual Travel Cost Method as an effective method in planning and managing development projects was used in this study. Individual visits are as dependent and individual travel cost and socio-economic variables are independent variables. Needed data were collected in 1391 by completing 234 questionnaires from visitors of the site. Findings: The results indicated that the age of visitors has an acceptable but insignificant effect on numbers of visits. On the other hand, the variables of education and income have a positive effect and travel cost has a negative effect on visits. Recreational value of Beach Park was estimated about 157885 Rials per person and 1342022500 Rials ‌for a year in total. Discussion and Conclusion: Since the results indicate the significant economic value of Beach Park, it is necessary to codify its tourism development plan. ‍‍‍‍Policies should be based on development of recreations and urban Parks with maintaining high environmental standards and creating mechanisms for capital return. Manuscript profile
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        68 - Investigating the behavior of individual investors after the release of financial statements
        Davoud gorjizadehbaee Mohammad hamed khan mohammadi
        AbstractOne of the main sources of information for investors to make investment decisions is the information contained in the financial statements published by companies. Public disclosure of financial statements in the form of different information channels, generates More
        AbstractOne of the main sources of information for investors to make investment decisions is the information contained in the financial statements published by companies. Public disclosure of financial statements in the form of different information channels, generates thoughtful reactions among investors. Audited financial statements convey the auditor's view of the feasibility and reliability of financial statements to users of financial statements, which is a useful tool in the decision making process.The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavioral response of individual investors after the publication of annual audited financial statements. The research method was applied in terms of purpose, field survey method and descriptive survey method. Data were analyzed using a standard questionnaire. The statistical population of this research is all real investors of Tehran Stock Exchange, of whom 403 were selected by simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by spss22 and Lisrel 8.50 software using structural equation method.The results of the data analysis show that the release of financial statements (good or bad news) has a significant effect on the behavior of individual investors. Manuscript profile
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        69 - An Investigation of Stock Selection Ability between Institutional and Individual Investors
        Ahmad Ahmadpour Hadi qorbani
        this study investigates stock selection ability between institutional and individual investors. Methodology in this study is based on the intuitive idea that if institutional investors are better at selecting stocks than individual investors, then institutional investor More
        this study investigates stock selection ability between institutional and individual investors. Methodology in this study is based on the intuitive idea that if institutional investors are better at selecting stocks than individual investors, then institutional investors are more likely to buy future winners and sell future losers. while controlling for other factors, such as size and momentum effects, the institutional and individual investor daily trading were regressed on future stock performance. The result of the study dose not show any apparent difference in stock selection ability between individuals and institutional investors. Coefficient of independent variable with dependent variable has positive and negative relation but none of them are significant. Thus first Hypothesis as Changes in institutional investor ownership are related with subsequent abnormal returns is rejected. Second Hypothesis Changes in individual investor ownership are negatively correlated with subsequent abnormal returns is rejected too. Manuscript profile
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        70 - Role of Behavioral Finance In Understanding Individual Investor's Behavior (A Review of Empirical Evidences from Tehran Stock Exchange)
        Keyvan Dadras Abbas Toloie Reza Radfar
        In paradigm of behavioral finance, the prevalent Assumption of viewing human being as rational entity who is always satisfied in optimizing his/her benefits is questionable. The advocates of Behavioral finance knowledge strongly believe that awareness of psycho-cognitiv More
        In paradigm of behavioral finance, the prevalent Assumption of viewing human being as rational entity who is always satisfied in optimizing his/her benefits is questionable. The advocates of Behavioral finance knowledge strongly believe that awareness of psycho-cognitive" tendencies in investment realm is absolutely essential and it requires serious improvement in terms of expanding the scope of studies. However academicians and professionals who are advocates of classic financial school do not believe in examining behavioral aspects of human and its impact on financial decisions as an independent field of studies, yet both quantitative and qualitative advancement of experimental studies within this field indicates the importance of research on behaviors in financial markets. The aim of this study is to identify influential factors on individual investor's decision making and also identifying behavioral biases,through a comprehensive review of conducted studies in Iran and comparing it with the result of studies from other countries. The finding of this study shows that domestic and foreign studies have identified similar effective factors such as financial ratios, recommendations,behavioral biases and etc. Also the effect of demographic factors on investors' behavior has been not studied in Tehran stock exchange so far.   Manuscript profile
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        71 - Assessment of the behavioral determinants of individual investors in Tehran Stock Exchange based on structural equation modeling
        mohammad hasan Ebrahimi Sarve Olia Jafar Babajani Payam Hanafizadeh Bahram Ebadpour
        Investigation and behavioral finance analysis of investors and market participants nascent field of financial management is one of the topics. Integration can be considered classical economics and sciences of psychology and decision-making. While taking note of the rece More
        Investigation and behavioral finance analysis of investors and market participants nascent field of financial management is one of the topics. Integration can be considered classical economics and sciences of psychology and decision-making. While taking note of the recent developments on the stock exchange, have all the internal and external factors considered in the nuances and micro-sighted, because this process of thought, conscience and mentally very wide variety of people (investors) that has this is a subjective understanding is important for transparency and a better understanding of the market. The importance of this issue more clear that time based on the participants ' stock, half of the stock market trading volume by investors is done and the number of fault component of this field over ninety percent of the active population of the stock market. In fact, this research has scientific literature in the country try to examine the factors influencing the behavior of investors to expand component and thereby a transparent decision making in preparation for the Tehran stock exchange offer. This study is a comprehensive and in-depth study after scientific literature, the primary conceptual framework to the essence of its experts to the Delphi technique is deposited after the third stage of theoretical saturation in Delphi, consensus and convergence is collected pursuant to and answers become the final framework of the study. This study proceeded to survey the essence of method of the Tehran Stock Exchange component of investors about the factors influencing the behavior of the righteous, and structural equation modeling method to finally proceed to the determination and ranking factors and the relationship between determinants of behavior factors on the Tehran Stock Exchange component of the investors. Manuscript profile
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        72 - Effect of natural and legal persons trading in the occurrence of price bubbles in Tehran Stock Exchange
        Mirfeyze Fallahshams Meysam alimohammadi
        This paper examines the impact of individual and institutional trading in a bubble in the price of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. First, through some tests such as Runs test (test based on rows or flow test), skewness, stretching and duration dependence was More
        This paper examines the impact of individual and institutional trading in a bubble in the price of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. First, through some tests such as Runs test (test based on rows or flow test), skewness, stretching and duration dependence was found in the Tehran Stock Exchange for the 1391/01/01 up to 1391/09/30 bubbles occurred. In the period between the day and the time series of 5-minute check prices and deals from individual and institutional persons in the interval 5-minute review We have covered the impact of that effect. After performing tests to detect bubbles in the companies studied, the samples were divided into two groups with no bubbles and speculative bubbles. To investigate the impact of the behavior individual and institutional persons in the company speculative bubbles, Transactions of the group of people at a time series between the day 5 minutes from and Using binary Logit regression model to examine the impact of these two transactions are dealt with in the incidence of bubbles. The results of the model indicate that individuals have a greater impact than legal entities, in the development of research have ranged from speculative bubbles. Manuscript profile
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        73 - Relation between “individual investors’ mental evaluations from product and brand” and “their preference to investing in stock”
        Mostafa Ghazizadeh Mahmoud Esfandiari Mohammad Ebrahim Raei Ezabadi Hossein Reisi Ghorbanabadi
        The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between “individual investors’ mental evaluations from product and brand” and “their preference to investing in stock”. The population of this research is individual investors that More
        The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between “individual investors’ mental evaluations from product and brand” and “their preference to investing in stock”. The population of this research is individual investors that acted in Tehran Security Exchange from 1389/3/31 to 1391/3/31.  The sample is 384 individual investors. For collecting data, we use questionnaire and for analyzing data, we use SPSS and PLS software. The results show that there is a significant relation between “individual investors’ mental evaluations from product and brand” and “their preference to investing in stock”. Manuscript profile
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        74 - A Study on Existentialism Thoughts in Shamloo’s poetry Based on Nietzsche's Ideas
        Peyman Pasban Zoqi Lida Naamdaar Javad Taheri Gholam Reza Heidari
        10.30495/clq.2021.687399
        Existentialism is one of the central concepts of Nietzsche's thought, which is clearly reflected in contemporary poetry, especially in Shamloo’s. Prominent examples of it, including the primacy of existence over nature, commitment and responsibility, individuality More
        Existentialism is one of the central concepts of Nietzsche's thought, which is clearly reflected in contemporary poetry, especially in Shamloo’s. Prominent examples of it, including the primacy of existence over nature, commitment and responsibility, individuality, the exaggeration of life as well as the world, death and demise, freedom, apprehension and anxiety, loneliness and solitude in Shamloo's poetry are fully represented by the artist. The present research which is done by descriptive – analytical method, studies the relationship between literature and other branches of the humanities based on the comments of American School of Comparative Literature. It seeks to answer the question: how existentialism thoughts were developed in Shamloo’s mind and language and what was his thought and philosophy of existence focused on? The main purpose of the present article is explaining and drawing existentialism in Shamloo’s poetry according to Nietzsche's views. Findings of the research show that Shamloo has had a deep connection with existentialism topics and thoughts, and existential concepts and concerns have been reflected in his poems in a contemplative and very high frequency. These concepts intersect with Nietzsche's existentialism views. Manuscript profile
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        75 - Adherence to the teachings of the Quran from Allameh Tabatabaee’s perspective
        mohammad mehdi meshkati
        Abstract Coexist in peace and security protection is of the core foundation of any civilized nation. And from a long time theorists have dealt with it as one of the most ideal indicators "utopia". Today also, it is such an attractive matter that excites the lawyers and More
        Abstract Coexist in peace and security protection is of the core foundation of any civilized nation. And from a long time theorists have dealt with it as one of the most ideal indicators "utopia". Today also, it is such an attractive matter that excites the lawyers and politicians in the international or regional area to think about its legal and administrative instruments and to present strategies for realizing it. But it is to be known what has been neglected in these efforts, is considering the revealed teachings. In the current global situation, negative approach to religious thought, both in the range of interpersonal relationships and social interaction, has made the human cheap senses overcome his eminent senses, and has caused unbridled status in natural impulses such as individualism, exploiting the others’ interests in the service of one’s benefits and the desire to exceed the restrictions. If the belief was institutionalized in law and political elite, it would lead to numerous works in all areas as a unit something that is now as a missing loop. Manuscript profile
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        76 - Designing a model for factors affecting the quality of students learning, a qualitative approach based on the perspective Teachers of secondary schools in Abadeh City
        Saeed Bahrami marzieh hidary
        Effective educational factors are a set of important and effective components in the development of knowledge as well as increasing the quality of education, which provides solutions to expand the quality development of teachers through various methods. Therefore, the p More
        Effective educational factors are a set of important and effective components in the development of knowledge as well as increasing the quality of education, which provides solutions to expand the quality development of teachers through various methods. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design a model of factors affecting the educational quality of students from the perspective of secondary school teachers in Abadeh. Research method, this study, from the perspective of purpose; Functional, in nature; Exploratory-analytical; In terms of data collection methodology, quality was based on exploratory approach based on induction and data strategy of the foundation, which through in-depth interview technique, between 15 experts (including three managers and two teachers and ten experts Educational sciences with related records and familiar with the conditions and environment of schools, without asking follow-up questions) until the limit of theoretical data saturation was done. The sampling method was purposeful, snowball, and to evaluate and validate the data (reliability); The four criteria of acceptability, reliability, transferability and verification proposed by Lincoln and Guba (1985) were used. After conducting the interviews, 298 open codes were identified and using the category review process, content themes (using Atlas TII software) 5 factors, along with 13 subcategories. factors (selective codes) were individual and interpersonal relationships factors, psychological factors, infrastructural and educational components, economic and social factors or components of teachers and parents, strategic factors. Manuscript profile
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        77 - Designing a model for fostering the creativity of female students in the second year of theoretical high school in Tehran schools
        Fereshteh Rahmati Mohammad Hassan Pardakhtchi AhmadRaza Sanjari Narges Hasanmoradi
        The aim of this study was to design a model for fostering the creativity of female students for theoretical high school of Tehran.The type of research is developmental in terms of purpose and applied in terms of results, and in terms of data type,it is an exploratory mi More
        The aim of this study was to design a model for fostering the creativity of female students for theoretical high school of Tehran.The type of research is developmental in terms of purpose and applied in terms of results, and in terms of data type,it is an exploratory mix (qualitative and quantitative).The statistical population of the research in the qualitative section included23scientific experts and education experts who were selected by probabilistic and purposeful non-probabilistic sampling.The quantitative part included 90,000 principals, teachers and high school girls in the second year of schools in Tehran.According to Morgan's table the sample size was 383 people and were selected using cluster random sampling.Data collection tools in the qualitative part included semi-structured interviews and in the quantitative part a researcher-made questionnaire.Interviews continued until theoretical saturation was achieved.The validity of the interviews was confirmed by retesting.The content validity of the quantitative questionnaire was also confirmed by experts.The data analysis method in the qualitative part included open,axial and selective coding of the classical foundation data method and in the quantitative part the structural equation modeling was used to validate the model.The research findings identified94indicators of open source interviews in the form of10 components and 4 dimensions,which are:effective dimensions including student abilities.individual factors including student perseverance and knowledge interest The learner,family factors including family culture and family behavior and factors related to the learning process including the learning environment teaching methods teaching content, teaching creativity and the teacher's abilities and capabilities. Manuscript profile
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        78 - Analysis of the novel "Fairies House" by Touraj Zahedi Based on the Young individuality process pattern
        Seyyede mina Mostafavi montazeri Shahin Ogagh Alizade Toraj Aghdaie
        10.30495/dk.2021.1868897.1393
        The analysis of contemporary novels is one of the most important approaches to the narrative critique through the "individuality process" pattern based on Carl Gustav Young's vote. This pattern is about the self-consciousness of self-consciousness and growth. The resear More
        The analysis of contemporary novels is one of the most important approaches to the narrative critique through the "individuality process" pattern based on Carl Gustav Young's vote. This pattern is about the self-consciousness of self-consciousness and growth. The research approach of this article is to analyze the novels of Prince Touraj Zahedi's house based on the model of Young's individuality process, because the discovery of these concepts and their use in modern literary criticism has many uses. The main purpose of this research is to adapt the mystical journey of Reza Razavi's personality to the pattern of Young's individuality process, which makes the hero of the story come to an unity with his inner self, control the negative aspects of his soul and restore his soul to life. This essay uses an analytical-descriptive method to ascertain that a person needs to be familiar with and integrate with an analogue of mask, anima or animus, and to integrate with them in order to eventually achieve the process of individuality. Research findings indicate that Reza Razavi, the main character of this novel, is invited to search the inner world for human perfection. In order to understand himself, he traverses all stages of ritualistic conduct by knowing Anima, receiving ancient guidance and battle with various aspects of his shadow. Manuscript profile
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        79 - Siavash,s in dividualism process
        toraj Aghdaie
        Individualism process is one of the yungs terms.and its meaning is passing the stages and the degreesofthe ontogeny(derelornent)in order to "seif"realization.                  &nbs More
        Individualism process is one of the yungs terms.and its meaning is passing the stages and the degreesofthe ontogeny(derelornent)in order to "seif"realization.                                                        Siavash is one of those who has found his real way.he doesn’t with hold for giving his life to his intent ions until realizing his "self"and also for societyand human redemption of degeneration.He over comes his emistential contradiction in a universal opposition frame work.                               The present article is a description of siavashs individue lism process and the representation of his acmeism from hisbirth till his death.                                                                                                      The it goes beyond the history and be come a meta history:cal item so it changes to an eternal myth till all huma being follow him out of any time and place.                                                                    Siavash is as beautiful as yousef in Holy Quran. He is beautiful not only in appearance but also in conscience.His body is Pure as his sprit,there fore He spreads his lifetime to a supernatural life.    He does travel to know the dark univers of unconsciousness and dorninate  it.                                   He meets his:anima"in this traveling and reveals the emotional aspect of his being.the climax of Siavash,s self-construction and self know ledge process ismartyrdom,be couse of being honourable and remaining immortal.                                                                                                                      Data collection in this research is library type. They are des cribbed analy tically.the siavash story text has been choosen from Dabirsiaghi,s seris. And the numbers in the paren theses refere to the mentioned text.                                                                                                                                       Manuscript profile
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        80 - Elements of Romanticism in Shahriar’s Poetry
        Morteza Razzaqpour Maryam Dousti
        Manuscript profile
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        81 - Analyzing feminism and of the novel "Heart of Steel" by Moniro Ravanipour based on Yung's individuality psychoanalytic criticism
        fereshteh naseri
        10.30495/dk.2020.676032
         We achieve pure contents and elements by a deep attitude and survey among contemporary Persian literature novels which they contain a wide spectrum of various relationships and occasions due to having unique fiction components. Among them, the novel "Heart of Stee More
         We achieve pure contents and elements by a deep attitude and survey among contemporary Persian literature novels which they contain a wide spectrum of various relationships and occasions due to having unique fiction components. Among them, the novel "Heart of Steel" by Moniro Ravanipour includes unique features in order to be analyzed based on the theorists' viewpoint due to having faminism and social occasions and to undermine the women's hidden layers of mind psychologically. Hence, we decided to survey and analyze the proud myth personality in the novel "Heart of Steel" as the main personality of the novel based on Yung's psychoanalytic criticism in the present research, in order to comprehend what arrangements Ravanipour has utilized in her word structure and in processing the fiction personality and how much her word has been able to achieve the absolute individuality by utilizing conscious and unconscious elements and also unique symbols such as: dictator, horseman, Orange tree, the doll old woman and old daughters, and etc., to create unity among multiple dimensions of personality so that it can be surveyed and criticized based on Freud's psychoanalytic viewpoint. Manuscript profile
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        82 - The study of Individual self and social self in Forough Farrokhzad's poetry
        Zahra Dorri
        10.30495/dk.2021.1920668.2179
        Human beings, regardless of their epistemic perspectives, consider themselves distinct from other elements of existence while having mutual interactions with different biological and sociological phenomena. Two of the most important topics in sociological sciences is th More
        Human beings, regardless of their epistemic perspectives, consider themselves distinct from other elements of existence while having mutual interactions with different biological and sociological phenomena. Two of the most important topics in sociological sciences is the study of the existential capacity of humans and the study of their social interactions with the family, the homeland, and the world. These two subjects are often referred to as, respectively, individual self and social self. The study of Forough Farrokhzad's poetry can reveal various personal and social manifestations of her as an Iranian woman. This is because her poetry is mainly arisen from the subconscious and is associated with social realism and symbolism. The present study shows that an individual self has always been present—albeit with a declining course—in all periods of Forough's life and poetry. Moreover, the study clarifies how individual self and social self confront with each other and how a perfectionist and reformist social self eventually dominates. In connection to this issue, it will be shown that the expression of dissatisfaction with what is happening in human society is one of the prominent features of Forough's poetry. Manuscript profile
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        83 - Sociological analysis of the impact of abnormality on social Apathy
        neda seyedin Abdolreza adhami Talieh Khademian
        In sociological literature, Apathy is often mentioned as a pathological phenomenon, a kind of social disease, an obstacle to participation and development, and one of the complications of urbanization in the new era, and it is one of the undesirable elements of modern l More
        In sociological literature, Apathy is often mentioned as a pathological phenomenon, a kind of social disease, an obstacle to participation and development, and one of the complications of urbanization in the new era, and it is one of the undesirable elements of modern life, which is a kind of threat to people's desire not to interfere. It refers to affairs and acceptance of responsibility. The aim of this research is sociological analysis of the impact of abnormality on social indifference. The studied population is the students of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran and North Tehran branches, at the time of conducting the research, the total statistical population equal to 85,000 students were studying in these two university units, of which 380 were classified by random sampling method. were studied. The survey method used and the tool for data collection is a researcher-made questionnaire. And to test the hypotheses, Pearson's correlation coefficient, linear and multiple regression, T-test independent mean difference test and ANOVA one-way analysis of variance test were used. Four dimensions were considered to measure the abnormality variable and the results showed that There is a direct and significant correlation between the variables of meaninglessness (r=0.267), mistrust (r=0.245), powerlessness (r=0.397) and individualism (r=0.265) with social indifference. In other words, the higher the social abnormality, the higher the social indifference among students. Manuscript profile
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        84 - Sociological study of the performance of political elites and its effect on the level of political participation of educators (case study: Ardabil province)
        sarhad madani روزا کرم پور زهرا قاسمی
        Abstract influential strata in the process of political participation and consequently effective in the all-round development of the society, therefore, knowing their preferences, orientations and satisfaction with the performance of political elites is of great importa More
        Abstract influential strata in the process of political participation and consequently effective in the all-round development of the society, therefore, knowing their preferences, orientations and satisfaction with the performance of political elites is of great importance. Is. In this research, a survey method was used, SPSS software was used for data analysis, Cronbach's alpha test was used for the reliability of the questionnaire, and face validity was used for its validity. The normality of the data of the research variables was confirmed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The statistical population is 16,300 people of Ardabil province and the size of the statistical sample was estimated to be 380 people according to Cochran's formula. In this research, simple and stratified random sampling methods were used. The theoretical framework of the research was adapted from the theories of Huntington, Nelson and Lipsett. Research hypotheses were measured using Pearson's test, and linear regression analysis and path analysis were used using spss software to measure the empirical model of the research. Based on the results obtained, there is a significant relationship between the variables of transparency of officials' performance, accountability of officials, priority of national interests, fight against corruption, political trust, actions of rulers to improve social services and actions of political elites for political development with political participation of educators. Manuscript profile
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        85 - Sociological analysis of the impact of abnormality on social Apathy
        Neda Seyedin Abdolreza adhami Talieh Khademian
        In sociological literature, Apathy is often mentioned as a pathological phenomenon,a kind of social disease, an obstacle to participation and development, and one ofthe complications of urbanization in the new era, and it is one of the undesirableelements of modern life More
        In sociological literature, Apathy is often mentioned as a pathological phenomenon,a kind of social disease, an obstacle to participation and development, and one ofthe complications of urbanization in the new era, and it is one of the undesirableelements of modern life, which is a kind of threat to people's desire not to interfere.It refers to affairs and acceptance of responsibility. The aim of this research issociological analysis of the impact of abnormality on social indifference. Thestudied population is the students of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran andNorth Tehran branches, at the time of conducting the research, the total statisticalpopulation equal to , students were studying in these two university units, ofwhich were classified by random sampling method. were studied. The surveymethod used and the tool for data collection is a researcher-made questionnaire.And to test the hypotheses, Pearson's correlation coefficient, linear and multipleregression, T-test independent mean difference test and ANOVA one-way analysis ofvariance test were used. Four dimensions were considered to measure theabnormality variable and the results showed that There is a direct and significantcorrelation between the variables of meaninglessness (r= ), mistrust (r= ),powerlessness (r= ) and individualism (r= ) with social indifference. Inother words, the higher the social abnormality, the higher the social indifferenceamong students. Manuscript profile
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        86 - Sociological study of the individual-social consequences of the multiplicity of the job role of women in Tehran Municipality
        Adineh Adib Bagher Sarookhani Mansoor Vosooghi
        The present article sociologically specified individual- social consequences of female employees` multiple role-playing conflict in Tehran municipality during 2018. Through the survey method of study and according to the statistical rules of determining the sample group More
        The present article sociologically specified individual- social consequences of female employees` multiple role-playing conflict in Tehran municipality during 2018. Through the survey method of study and according to the statistical rules of determining the sample group, among 5600 people of the statistical society, 360 female employees in various districts of Tehran municipality were selected as the sample case in cluster multi-stage way. The data was gathered through researcher`s self-made questionnaire in 5 likert scale and 0.7 reliability and approval content validity. The main question of present research was to investigate the relationship between individual and social consequences with multiple role-playing conflict? The theoretical framework of the study was developed through Greenhous and Beutell (1985) conflict theory, rare and accumulation approach and extension theory. The results of Pearson correlation and linear regression revealed that there was a direct relationship among multiple role-playing conflict with job stress, rush and delay at affaires, physical burnout and family quarrel. However, there was an opposite relationship among women`s multiple role-playing conflict with their social support, job satisfaction and life satisfaction. Thereupon, with the employment of women in the modernity era and the lack of men`s cooperation with women in household chores at home and managers in the office, with the strong patriarchy background; they will encounter with multiple role-playing conflict at home and office which cause different individual and social consequences too. Manuscript profile
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        87 - Sociological study of the performance of political elites and its effect on the level of political participation of educators (case study: Ardabil province)
        Sarhad Madani Roza Rosa Karampour zahra Ghasemi
        Political participation is a purposeful action to influence the decisions and actions of political elites in the administration of society, which is done by the people. Due to the fact that educators are one of the most influential groups in the process of political par More
        Political participation is a purposeful action to influence the decisions and actions of political elites in the administration of society, which is done by the people. Due to the fact that educators are one of the most influential groups in the process of political participation and consequently effective in the all-round development of the society, therefore, it is very important to know their attitudes, orientations and satisfaction with the performance of political elites. The purpose of this research is to sociologically study the level of political participation of educators, investigate the performance of the ruling political elite and analyze the variables that have been effective on the level of political participation of educators in Ardabil province. The statistical population of the research is 16,300 people of Ardabil Province and its sample size was estimated to be 380 people according to Cochran's formula. In this research, simple and stratified random sampling methods were used. The theoretical framework of the research was adapted from the theories of Huntington, Nelson and Lipsett. Cronbach's alpha test was used for the reliability of the questionnaire and face validity was used for its validity. The current research was conducted using a survey method and its hypotheses were tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient test and to analyze the information and predict the dependent variable from the independent variables of linear regression and to measure the relationships of the variables in a causal model of the method. Statistics based on multivariate regression analysis or path analysis using spss software was used. The results of the research showed that the political participation of the studied educators is at a low level, so that 61.20 percent of the respondents have low political participation. between the variables of transparency of officials' performance (r=0.71) with (sig=0.000), accountability of officials (r=0.65) with (sig=0.000), preference of national interests over individual interests by officials  )r=0.64) with (sig=0.000), rulers' fight against corruption (r=0.58) with (sig=0.000), political trust of educators (r=0.53) with (sig =0.000), actions of rulers to improve social services (r = 0.56) with (sig = 0.000) and actions of political elites for political development (r = 0.59) with (sig = 0.000) There is a significant relationship between the political participation of educators and the adjusted coefficient of determination)   (can explain 37% of the variance of the political participation of educators. Manuscript profile
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        88 - Presenting the precedent model of women's sense of social security (Case study: girls and women in Sari)
        Fezeh Noorpoor
        Women's security is one of the most important social issues in all societies. The experience of various countries, including Iran, shows that the sense of social security of women, in addition to disciplinary measures, is also influenced by other factors, which can be a More
        Women's security is one of the most important social issues in all societies. The experience of various countries, including Iran, shows that the sense of social security of women, in addition to disciplinary measures, is also influenced by other factors, which can be addressed with important practical guidelines. Therefore, the present study aims to provide a model of the antecedents of women's sense of social security. This study has been done in terms of applied purpose and in terms of nature and form of implementation in a descriptive-survey manner. The statistical population of this study is all women and girls’ citizens of Sari (unlimited population) from which a sample of 200 people has been selected using the specific formula for sample size in structural equation modeling. To collect the data, a self-administered questionnaire including 5 dimensions and 25 items was used, the validity of which was confirmed by face-content method and construct validity. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was above 0.7, which indicates the acceptable reliability of the measurement tool. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Based on the results obtained in this study, it was found that all four factors, including physical factors, individual factors, socio-cultural factors and disciplinary factors have a positive and significant effect on women's sense of social security. Calculation of goodness-of-fit indices also showed that the structural model proposed in this study has a good fit. Finally, based on the research findings, some suggestions are presented. Keywords: Social Responsibility, Iranian Ports Organization, Sustainable Development, Mixed Research Method. Manuscript profile
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        89 - Analysis of the Behavior of Individual Investors Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior: With Emphasis on Optimism-Pessimism and Financial Literacy
        Mohammad Nazaripour Babak Zakizadeh
        10.30486/fbra.2023.1979665.1180
        Among the requirements for capital markets development is to analyze the individual investors' behavior from the different aspects. In this study, the individual investors' behavior has been investigated based on the expanded theory of planned behavior (including two va More
        Among the requirements for capital markets development is to analyze the individual investors' behavior from the different aspects. In this study, the individual investors' behavior has been investigated based on the expanded theory of planned behavior (including two variables: optimism-pessimism and financial literacy). The required data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires among 266 individual investors. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling in the form of SmartPLS version 3 and SPSS version 26 software. According to the research findings, all 10 research hypotheses were confirmed. Out of 10 hypotheses, 7 are related to direct effects and 3 are related to indirect effects. This means that the variables of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and optimism-pessimism have a positive and significant effect on people's investment intention. In addition, variables of optimism-pessimism and financial literacy have a positive and significant effect on attitude. Also, the variable of financial literacy has a positive and significant effect on the variable of perceived behavioral control. Based on the research findings, the variables of attitude and the perceived behavioral control have a mediating effect on the relationships between optimism-pessimism and financial literacy variables with people's investment intention. Finally, based on the research findings, the implementation of the extended planned behavior theory in the capital market can help the growth and development of this market. Manuscript profile
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        90 - Investigating the effect of personality traits and individual motivation on the tendency of investors' herd behavior with the moderating role of experience and financial knowledge in Tehran Stock Exchange
        mohammad salimi marzieh ebrahimi shaghaghi saeed mashayekhi fard
        10.30486/fbra.2021.1946138.1051
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of personality traits and individual motivation on the tendency of investors' herd behavior with the moderating role of experience and financial knowledge in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The scope of the present stud More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of personality traits and individual motivation on the tendency of investors' herd behavior with the moderating role of experience and financial knowledge in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The scope of the present study is April to September 2021. The statistical population of the present study was all investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange and based on a simple random sampling method and according to Morgan table, the statistical sample size of 322 people was selected. A questionnaire was distributed among them. The variable of Personality types were considered as consistent, aggressive and serious, and individual motivation variable, emotional factors, cognitive capability and social factors were considered based on Horney's theory. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics indices and inferential analysis in the form of research hypotheses. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between all variables of personality traits and herd behavior. Also, investors with adaptive or consistent personality types are more affected by herd behavior. The two variables of experience and financial knowledge have a significant effect on the relationship between personality types and motivational factors with herd behavior. Manuscript profile
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        91 - Studying the Moderating Role of Financial Biases on Relationship between Financial Managers Individual Properties and Companies Circumstances on Financial Performance of Accepted Companies in Tehran Sock Exchange
        Raheleh Moradi Faegh Ahmadi Hamidreza Kordlouei Jahanbakhsh Asadnia
        10.30486/fbra.2021.1944194.1042
        Behavioral biases can disturb the process of managers’ decision making and cause to the under estimate results. Therefore, in this research the effect of financial manager's individual properties and companies circumstances on financial performance of accepted com More
        Behavioral biases can disturb the process of managers’ decision making and cause to the under estimate results. Therefore, in this research the effect of financial manager's individual properties and companies circumstances on financial performance of accepted companies in Tehran stock exchange was studied trough the moderating role of financial biases. For this purpose statistical population included of financial managers of accepted companies in Tehran stock exchange. Also, for determining sample volume and sampling method, the Cochran's formula (421 persons) and available method were used. For data analyzing the structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS) method was applied. Results indicated that: a) “Financial manager's individual properties” has positive significant effect on companies' financial performance. b) “Companies circumstances” has positive significant effect on companies' financial performance. c) Entering financial biases as the moderating variable reduces the positive effect of financial manager's individual properties and companies' circumstances on companies' financial performance. Finally according to the inverse significant effect of behavioral biases of financial managers on financial performance of companies, adjusting the behavioral biases by consult with experts and participate in short run and long run training programs, suggested to financial managers. Manuscript profile
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        92 - The Impact of Individual Sentiment Beta on Stock Return of Companies Listed on Tehran Stock Exchange
        amir hossein sharifmehr karim Azarbaijani Arezoo Aghaei chadegani
        10.30486/fbra.2022.1954973.1094
        Individual stock sentiment is one of the non-fundamental factors that affect the financial markets which is influenced by various factors. Individual stock sentiment beta is a new concept and is defined as the sensitivity of individual stock returns to the individual st More
        Individual stock sentiment is one of the non-fundamental factors that affect the financial markets which is influenced by various factors. Individual stock sentiment beta is a new concept and is defined as the sensitivity of individual stock returns to the individual stock sentiment changes. Due to the fact that Tehran stock exchange operate at a weak level of effiecency; this research purpuses to investigate the impact of individual sentiment beta on stock excess return and capital asset pricing model (CAPM) alpha in Tehran stock exchange. In this regard research data for top 50 companies of Tehran stock exchange at period from October 2019 to February 2021 which include biggest rise and fall in history of Tehran stock exchange was extracted through Rahavad Novin Software. Then excess return of 50 stock at research period time was calculated by Ami broker software, and finally all of data was analyzed by Eviews software.Finally the results showed that stocks with higher individual sentiment beta have higher excess return and CAPM alpha. Manuscript profile
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        93 - Analyzing the Intention of Individual Investors towards Socially Responsible Investment: Extended Theory of Reasoned Action
        Mohammad Nazaripour Babak Zakizadeh
        10.30486/fbra.2022.1951120.1076
        Socially responsible investment (SRI) means investing in the stocks of companies that have positive social functions. SRI provides a mechanism for investors to align personal values with investment objectives. Therefore the purpose of this study is to analyze individual More
        Socially responsible investment (SRI) means investing in the stocks of companies that have positive social functions. SRI provides a mechanism for investors to align personal values with investment objectives. Therefore the purpose of this study is to analyze individual investors’ intention towards socially responsible investment using the extended theory of reasoned action. The population of this study is individual investors of Tehran Stock Exchange and the sample size is 385 people. The conceptual model was tested using structural equation modeling and through Amos software version 24. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis have also been used to ensure the existence of the minimum requirements to test the conceptual model. According to the research findings, the variables of attitude, subjective norms, moral norms, environmental concerns, financial literacy and financial performance have a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable (investors' intention towards SRI). Financial performance and environmental concerns variables have the highest and lowest effects on the dependent variable, respectively. Of the six demographic variables (gender, age, education, monthly income, occupation, and experience), only the age variable affects the dependent variable. This means that with getting older, the investors' willingness to invest in socially responsible companies increases. Manuscript profile
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        94 - The Impact of Behavioral Financial Characteristics on Investment Decisions by Emphasizing the Mediating Role of Individual and General Characteristics of Investors in Tehran Stock Exchange
        Azadeh Fooladi Sedigheh Tootian Esfahani Hossein Eslami Mofid Abadi
        10.30486/fbra.2022.1950412.1068
        The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of financial and behavioral characteristics on investment decisions by considering the mediating role of individual and general characteristics of investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical popula More
        The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of financial and behavioral characteristics on investment decisions by considering the mediating role of individual and general characteristics of investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population of this study includes active investors in Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample size obtained using the formula is 384 Cochrane. In order to measure the research variables, a questionnaire with 43 items and the dimensions of investors' behavioral biases, the decision to invest in stock equations, individual and general characteristics of investors have been used. The present study was descriptive-survey and applied in terms of purpose.In order to test and test the research hypotheses, descriptive and inferential statistical techniques and structural equation modeling methods have been used.Findings of this research showed that investors' behavioral biases have a significant effect on the decision to invest in stocks by mediating the individual and general characteristics of investors. Judgment biases have a significant effect on the decision of investors in stocks by mediating the individual and general characteristics of investors. Also, preferential bias has a significant effect on the decision to invest in stocks with the mediating role of individual and general characteristics of investors. However, the behavioral biases of investors do not have a significant effect on the decision to invest in stocks. But the individual and general characteristics of investors have a significant effect on the decision to invest in stocks. Manuscript profile
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        95 - Comparison of Rational Emotive Behavior Couple Individual and Conjoint Therapy for Reducing Family Conflict in Couples Referred to Ahvaz Counsel Centers for Problem Disclosure
        منصور سودانی عبدالله شفیع‌آبادی
          The research was conducted to investigate the Comparison of Rational Emotive Behavior Couple individual and conjoint Therapy on marital conflicts in couples referred to Ahvaz Counsel Centers for Problem Disclosure. The population included and couples referred to this More
          The research was conducted to investigate the Comparison of Rational Emotive Behavior Couple individual and conjoint Therapy on marital conflicts in couples referred to Ahvaz Counsel Centers for Problem Disclosure. The population included and couples referred to this counsel. The sample consisted of couples (from couples) who were selected randomly for this study. In this study the individual and conjoint couple Therapy are considered the independent variable and marital conflicts as dependent variable The instrument was used Marital Conflict Questionnaire. The design of this study was pretest-post test with control group. All subjects answered scale, and then the experimental groups received intervention (during sessions). At post test stage groups answered the scales again. Descriptive and inferential statistic methods including one-way ANOVA, and (HSD) Tukey were used. Porbable error of = was used to find the significance of the differences. The results of this study showed that individual and conjoint methods reduces the marital conflict among cuples in the experimental groups. Total marital conflicts, Sexual relationship and financial instruct were reduced more by individual method. Aplication of individual and conjoint methods had no significal difference on reduction of other sub scales. Manuscript profile
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        96 - Effect of Instructing the Spivak & Shure Problem Solving Procedure on Decreasing Depression Level of Moto-Somatic Disabled Students in
        آذر نصیری پرویز شریفی درآمدی سیدرضا میر مهدی
        Abstract: Present study was conducted with the objective of investigating effect of problem solving employing Spivak & Shure procedure on reducing depression level of motor-somatic disabled students in Junior High school lvel. Statistical population included all somatom More
        Abstract: Present study was conducted with the objective of investigating effect of problem solving employing Spivak & Shure procedure on reducing depression level of motor-somatic disabled students in Junior High school lvel. Statistical population included all somatomotor disabled students of Isfahan city guidance schools. In this research, using bech Depression Inventory individuals were diagnosed as depressed students who were randomly divided into two groups of individuals each, individuals as test group and others as controls. Research plan is of experimented "Pre-test-post-test" with control group. Following providing the problem-solving education tried, during a period of seven weeks to the test group, once again the bech depression inventory was conducted on both depressive groups test and the results were studies and compared. Obtained data using independent and covariance analysis tests showed a significant difference between mean depression scores in the test and control groups. In Other words, individuals differences in variance of scores of the two groups were due to education . Results obtained from the other hypothesis of research indicated that differences between the effect of problem solving education on reducing level of depression based on gender was not significant, therefore, effect of education on reducing depression level of boys and girls has been similar . Manuscript profile
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        97 - Prediction of General Health of Esfahan Gas Company's Employees By Encouragement and Punishment System, Individual and Organizational Performance
        Noushin Ghomi Mohammad Ghasemi Pir Balooti Mehdi Nasr Esfahani Hamid Baghaee Hosein Abadi
        The purpose of the this research wasthe prediction of general health for the employees of Esfahan Gas Company using encouragement and punishment system and individual-organizational performance. The statistical population included all administrative employees of Esfahan More
        The purpose of the this research wasthe prediction of general health for the employees of Esfahan Gas Company using encouragement and punishment system and individual-organizational performance. The statistical population included all administrative employees of Esfahan Gas Company from 2013-2014, of whom 260 employees were selected by stratified random sampling method.The measuring instruments used were questionnaires of encouragement and punishment system (Khanzade2010), individual performance (Paterson1970), organizational performance (Hersey and Glodsmith 1990)and also Goldberg’s questionnaire of general health. The data was analyzed using by stepwise regression.The results of regression analysis showed that the organizational relationships was abl to predict of general health and can justify 4.7 percnt of variance of employees' general health (p<0.01). Manuscript profile
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        98 - Predicting Conflict Resolution Styles based on Individualism-Collectivism among Married Students of Isfahan Payam Nour University
        somayeh pourmeidani mehrdad dashti zahra habibi
        This research was conducted to predict conflict resolution styles with individualism-collectivism among married students of Isfahan Payam Nour University. The method of was predictive and correlational. The population consisted of married students of Isfahan Payam Nour More
        This research was conducted to predict conflict resolution styles with individualism-collectivism among married students of Isfahan Payam Nour University. The method of was predictive and correlational. The population consisted of married students of Isfahan Payam Nour University in 2013-2014. From the population, 150 students were sampled randomly based on Morgan table. The participants completed Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnaire (Rahim, 1983) and Individualism-Collectivism Questionnaire (Triandis & etc, 1988). The data were analyzed by regression coefficient and Pearson correlation. The results showed that horizontal collectivism style can predict integration style (P<0.01). Also, horizontal and vertical individualism can be the dominant style (P<0.01) and horizontal individualism and vertical collectivism can be the avoidant style (P<0.05). Manuscript profile
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        99 - The Comparison of the Effect of Individual and Group Parenting Skills Training on Mothers’ Life Satisfaction
        himeyra alnandi aboolghasem nouri
        The present study aimed to compare the effect of individual and group parenting skills training on life mothers’ life satisfaction. The research used a quasi-experimental design with pretest- posttest method. The population included 2112 mothers with children less More
        The present study aimed to compare the effect of individual and group parenting skills training on life mothers’ life satisfaction. The research used a quasi-experimental design with pretest- posttest method. The population included 2112 mothers with children less than 12 years old under the support of health and therapeutic center in the city of Lenjan. The sample consisted of 60 mothers who were selected randomly and then randomly assigned into three groups twenty each. One group received parenting skills training individually and the other group received group training, while the third group received no training. Our research tool was the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (Diener, 1985). To analyze data, analysis of covariance was used. The results showed that the groups who received training were significantly different in the post-test compared to pre-test regarding parenting style (P<0.05). Also, the difference between the two groups who received training was not significantly different in the post-test compared to pre-test. (P>0.05). Therefore, the effect of individual and group parenting skills training on mothers’ life satisfaction was similar. Manuscript profile
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        100 - Effect of Anger Control Skills Training onIndividual-Social Adjustment of First-Grade Femal Secondary Education Students in Mahshahr
        فاطمه هاشمیان عبدالله شفیع‌آبادی منصور سودانی
          This study was designed to investigate the effects of training anger control skills on individual social adjustment of female high school first grades in Mahshahr city. The subjects were all female high school first grades.The sample consist of students in two randoml More
          This study was designed to investigate the effects of training anger control skills on individual social adjustment of female high school first grades in Mahshahr city. The subjects were all female high school first grades.The sample consist of students in two randomly selected groups. (Experimental group and control group). The measurement instrument, California individual social adjustment CTP- . the procedure was conducted according to pretest and post-test model with one control group, meaning that the individual-social adjustment was administered to both groups. First, the pretest revealed no significant difference. Then the experimental group was assigned to an -session training program. At the end of the experiment both the control and the experimental groups were tested again. The results then were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results showed that training for anger control skills caused an increase individual-social adjustment of the female students in the experimental group. Manuscript profile
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        101 - The Mediator Role of Perceived OrganizationalJustice In Relation Between Personnel’s ChronicSelf-Concept With Outcome, Supervisor AndManagement Satisfaction
        ابوالقاسم نوری سرور خاکسار محسن گل‌پرور
        This research administered with the aim of investigates the mediator role of perceived organizational justice in relation between personnel’s chronic self-concept with outcome, supervisor and management satisfaction. On the basis of this goal, from statistical universe, More
        This research administered with the aim of investigates the mediator role of perceived organizational justice in relation between personnel’s chronic self-concept with outcome, supervisor and management satisfaction. On the basis of this goal, from statistical universe, which include some industries and organizations in Esfahan city, persons selected for answer to the research questionnaires, with using two stage random sampling. Research method was correlational. Research questionnaires were: three questionnaires for organizational justice assessment (distributive with items, procedural with items and relational with items) a questionnaire for level of choronic self-concept assessment, and three questionnaires for assessment of outcome, supervisor and management satisfaction. Data analyzed with the use of Pearson’s correlation coefficient and mediator regression analysis. The first step of mediator regression showed that the individual and collective chronic self-concept (with and , standardized beta for distributive justice and with and standardized beta for procedural justice) have predictive power for distributive and procedural justice. Also collective chronic self-concept (with standardized beta) has predictive power for relational justice. But in predicting the outcome, supervisor and management satisfaction, by chronic self-concept dimensions, results showed that for outcome and supervisor satisfaction, individual and collective chronic self-concept (with 0& standardized beta respectively) and for management satisfaction only collective chronic self-concept (with standardized beta) have predictive power. Mediator regression analysis in third step, showed that only distributive justice play mediator role between collective self-concept with outcome satisfaction. But for supervisor satisfaction, procedural and relational justice play mediator role between individual and collective self-concept with supervisor and management satisfaction. And finally only procedural justice play mediator role between collective self-concept with management satisfaction. Manuscript profile
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        102 - The Study of the Factorial Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Auckland Individualism-Collectivism Scale
        abbas shakiba fateme bahrami zabihollah kave farsani
          The objective of this study was to obtain a factorial structure for the Auckland Individualism- Collectivism Scale (AICS), among Iranian students. A correlation method was employed with a sample of graduate students. Participants were 274 graduate students of Isfahanu More
          The objective of this study was to obtain a factorial structure for the Auckland Individualism- Collectivism Scale (AICS), among Iranian students. A correlation method was employed with a sample of graduate students. Participants were 274 graduate students of Isfahanuniversity, who were selected through convenience sampling. They answered the 26-item version of the AICS. Data was analyzed through explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis and the Cronbach alpha of internal consistency. The explanatory factor analysis of 26 items yielded 5 clear factors and the examination of the 5 factor model by confirmatory factor analysis showed the best fit with the data, the Cronbach alpha as 0.81-0.93 of AICS factors was estimated and it was acceptable. The Auckland Individualism- Collectivism Scale could be used as a valid and reliable instrument in later Iranian psychological & psycho-sociological research . Manuscript profile
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        103 - Divorce prediction based on individual beliefs of personality, basic needs and traps of life
        Feizollah Rahimi hamid atashpuor Mohsen Golparvar
        10.30486/jsrp.2019.665273
        The purpose of this research was Divorce prediction based on individual beliefs of personality, basic needs and traps of life. In this study, the path-based correlation method was used to explain the chain and multilevel patterns correlations. The statistical population More
        The purpose of this research was Divorce prediction based on individual beliefs of personality, basic needs and traps of life. In this study, the path-based correlation method was used to explain the chain and multilevel patterns correlations. The statistical population included all couples applying for divorce in the winter of 2018 in Isfahan city . A sample of 329 subjects (178 women and 151 men) were selected by available sampling method. The research instrument were: Personality Belief Questionnaire (Beck, 2015), Adaptive basic needs Inventory (Sahebi,1390), Life Tra (Young, 1994), Divorce Desire Questionnaire. For analyzing the data, descriptive statistics and regression analysis were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and a significant level of P≤0.05 was considered.The results of regression analysis showed that among all the predictive variables used in this study, the individual beliefs of the personality (β =-. 199), the intensity of the need for Fun & enjoyment (β = -.162), and the Entitlement & Grandiosity of life (β=-.142) is able to explain 61.5% of the tendency to divorce variance (p≤0.05). Overall, the results of this study show that in order to manage and control the desire to divorce, divorce prevention process is required to emphasize the role of individual beliefs in Histrionic Personality, the Fun & enjoyment, and the trap of, Entitlement & Grandiosity. Manuscript profile
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        104 - A Comparison between the effect of Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) individual and group Therapy on Panic Attack & Agoraphobia
        Peyman Dousti Golnaz Ghodrati Mohammad Esmaeil Ebrahimi
        10.30486/jsrp.2019.575274.1489
        This study has been pursued in order to compare the effectiveness of individual and group ACT on both panic and agoraphobia. This research is semi-experimental executed in pre-post forms with two experimental groups, and no control groups. The statistical population of More
        This study has been pursued in order to compare the effectiveness of individual and group ACT on both panic and agoraphobia. This research is semi-experimental executed in pre-post forms with two experimental groups, and no control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all clients of a psychology clinic in Tehran between February 2018 to June 2018 who had been diagnosed to have panic attack and agoraphobia disorders according to DSM 5 and responses to Barlow and Zinbarg (1996) Panic & Agoraphobia questionnaire. The sample consists of 6 in individual therapy and 10 in group therapy. Individual therapy for per individual was held in eight 60-minute sessions and group therapy was held in eight 120-minute. The therapy plan for both groups included the same practice and discussed topics. Data analysis was done in descriptive statistical method and covariance by SPSS V.22 software. The result manifests group ACT in variables related to panic attack, agoraphobia and fear of crowded places has more effect in comparison with individual therapy. In the case of inner fears, no considerable difference between group therapy and individual therapy was observed. Based on these findings, the variables in which group treatment is effective are more related to interpersonal relationships, but internal fear is more likely to be attributed to individual defects. Manuscript profile
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        105 - Assessing the Impact of Individual Differences in the Production of Speech Act of Requests in Institutional Discourse
        Ashraf Haji Maibodi
        10.30486/relp.2019.663446
        Manuscript profile
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        106 - The Effect of Flipped-Classroom on Students’ Achievement Motivation and Learning in Computer Course
        Fatemeh Joshaghan nejhad Mohsen Bagheri
        10.30486/jsre.2018.543731
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of flippedclassroomon students' achievement motivation and learning in computer course. The population consisted of educational technology students of Arak University in the first semester 2015-2016. And 41 students More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of flippedclassroomon students' achievement motivation and learning in computer course. The population consisted of educational technology students of Arak University in the first semester 2015-2016. And 41 students who choosed principle of computer course were selected by purposeful sampling method as a research sample. Students’ randomly assigned in group flipped training (n = 14), individual flipped training (n = 14) and control groups (n = 13). In the current study, quasi-experimental research design was used. In the control group, the traditional method was used, and in the experimental groups flipped classroom method was applied. In order to collect the data of achievement motivation Harter questionnaire (1991), and for computer learning the teacher made tests was used. Part-scale reliability coefficients of this equipment with the formula 20 Kuder-Richardson between 0.054 to 0.084 has been reported. For gathering data of learning teacher mad test was used. Face and content validity of the test has been approved through two specialists. As well as, analysis of variance (Anova) and covariance (Ancova) were used for data analysis. According to The results the mean score of students' achievement motivation in flipped classrooms had increased compared to the traditional classroom. Although the difference was not significant and the difference was statistically significant only in the components of external motivation. As well as, the mean score of student learning in the flipped classrooms was increased than the traditional classroom, although significant differences were not reported. And only there was significant difference between groups in the practical learning subscale. It can be concluded that flipped classroom in case for provide context more efficient to execute than traditional teaching. Manuscript profile
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        107 - A Study of the relationship between Students' Individual Characteristics, Experienced Curriculum and their Leadership Competencies Development at Shiraz University
        mehdi mohammadi Mehdi Mohammadi
        The main purpose of this research was to study the relationship between students' Individual Characteristics, Experienced Curriculum and their leadership Competencies development. Statistical population of this study included all students of bachelor degree at Shiraz Un More
        The main purpose of this research was to study the relationship between students' Individual Characteristics, Experienced Curriculum and their leadership Competencies development. Statistical population of this study included all students of bachelor degree at Shiraz University who were enrolled in 90-91. By cluster sampling method 256 persons were selected. The research instrument used to collect data in this study included researcher-made scale of experienced curriculum and growth leadership competencies questionnaire (Initial Leadership Assessment Questionnaire St. Cloud University, 1996) which after measuring their validity and reliability distributed among sample and data analyzed with multiple regression. Result indicated that: There is significant relationship between average and major with leadership competencies development of students. There is significant relationship between sex, average, major and residence with their perception of experienced curriculum. The experienced curriculum has significant mediated role in relationship between the students' individual characteristic and their leadership competencies development. Manuscript profile
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        108 - Recognition and application of new teaching models among the humanities faculty members
        شهناز محققیان غلامرضا احمدی زهره سعادتمند
        This study was conducted with the aim of recognition and application of new teaching models among the humanities faculty members at Khorasgan Branch of the Islamic Azad University. It was a descriptive-survey and the statistical population was included all of 140 facult More
        This study was conducted with the aim of recognition and application of new teaching models among the humanities faculty members at Khorasgan Branch of the Islamic Azad University. It was a descriptive-survey and the statistical population was included all of 140 faculty members of humanities. 96 participants were selected by random sampling method. The gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which included 35 Likert-type items assumed to measure the level of recognition and application. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained based on the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.80 in the area of knowledge and 0.84 in the area of application. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation) as well as inferential statistics (single-variable t-test‚ independent t-test‚ variance analysis) for both recognition and application areas. The results indicated that not only the faculty members were familiar with these methods but also they apply these methods in their teachings. The results also revealed that there were significant demographic differences such as years of education and acquaintance‚ but there were no significant demographic differences in terms of faculty and the field of study between those faculty members regarding recognition and application. Manuscript profile
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        109 - Investigation of the relationship between individual characteristics and students' experiences with their academic achievements in Shiraz non-profit higher education institutions
        Anahit Owji Rahmatoolah Marzooghi
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between individual characteristics and students’ experiences with their academic gains in Shiraz non-profit higher education institutions. The statistical population was comprised of seniors (3000 students) i More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between individual characteristics and students’ experiences with their academic gains in Shiraz non-profit higher education institutions. The statistical population was comprised of seniors (3000 students) in these institutions in the academic year of 2010-11. 341 students were selected according to Morgan’s table and by using simple proportional classifications sampling method. The research tool included the college students experiences questionnaire of Pace and Kuh (1998), which was distributed after calculation of reliability and gaining the validity coefficient of 0.91. The data was analyzed by using the statistical methods such as multiple regressions, independent t-test and one way ANOVA. The results of research showed that all three dimensions of college students’ experiences including perceptions of quality of environment, quality of effort and social integrations were significant anticipator of their academic gains respectively. In addition, the results indicated that the students’ experiences in anticipating their academic gains differ in terms of their gender, place of residence, field of study, level of education and their grade point average. In addition, the results indicated no significant difference between the academic gains of students by gender, place of residence and level of education and significant difference between their academic gains based on their field of study and grade point average (GPA). Manuscript profile
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        110 - A Model to Evaluate Factors Influencing Perceived Responsive Curriculum in Smart Schools
        فرهاد شفیع‌پور مطلق محمدحسین یارمحمدیان
        This study investigated factors influencing the development of perceived responsive curricula in smart schools. All smart school teachers in Tehran in the academic year 1390 1388 were considered as study population. In this descriptive correlation study, 360 teacher wer More
        This study investigated factors influencing the development of perceived responsive curricula in smart schools. All smart school teachers in Tehran in the academic year 1390 1388 were considered as study population. In this descriptive correlation study, 360 teacher were selected through multistage clustering sampling. Three researcher- made questionnaires (factors influencing responsible perceived curricula, component of the perceived responsive curricula, motivating students in smart schools) were used. Content validity was obtained. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0/93, 0/89 and 0/87 respectively. Pearson correlation and structural equations model is used for data analysis. Findings indicate that among the seven studied variables attention to individual differences (0/307), attention to mastery learning (0/263), and attention to research-centeredness (0/219) had the highest total effect on the perceived responsive curriculum. Based on the findings of the study Chi-Square, GFI, AGFI, P-Value and RMSEA are 115/422, 0/963, 0/921, 0/000, and 0/055 respectively. Therefore studied model is acceptable Manuscript profile
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        111 - Investigating the situation and analyzing the dimensions of superstitions of football and futsal athletes in Kerman
        Elham Sadat Hosseini Moghadam Hossein Poursoltani Zarandi Reza Shaji
        10.30486/4s.2022.1956167.1038
        Objective: Despite the advances in science and technology and the dominance of knowledge over human society, superstitious beliefs and behaviors still operate in different societies. Sport is one of the areas that is no exception. The tendency to superstition is a defen More
        Objective: Despite the advances in science and technology and the dominance of knowledge over human society, superstitious beliefs and behaviors still operate in different societies. Sport is one of the areas that is no exception. The tendency to superstition is a defense mechanism that arises as a result of not believing in one's abilities, the tendency to control and certainty in the future. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dimensions of superstitions in football and futsal athletes in Kerman.Methodology: The research method in terms of type and data analysis is quantitative and field survey. The statistical population of the study consists of 200 football and futsal players in Kerman, which were selected by the stratified sampling method.Results: The results of this study show that among the various dimensions of superstitious behaviors, the individual, psychological, belief and environmental dimensions have the greatest impact on creating belief and, consequently, superstitious behaviors among the athletes of Kerman.Conclusion: The dimensions of superstition are affected by different degrees of influence on athletes which are due to individual differences between research samples. Manuscript profile
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        112 - Unity of existence in Mulla Sadra's idea
        Afifeh Hamedi
        One of the basic Sadrian mystics and philosophers opinions is the unity of existence .The most important issue in Islamic philosophy that has been discussed after discussion on principality of existence, and caused to form various sects of philosophical and mystical. Mu More
        One of the basic Sadrian mystics and philosophers opinions is the unity of existence .The most important issue in Islamic philosophy that has been discussed after discussion on principality of existence, and caused to form various sects of philosophical and mystical. Mulla Sadra, the great philosopher of 16th century, also is one of the herald unities of existence. And after Jami is the only one that has become famous in this theory and according to many thinkers, he had been influenced by Ibn arabi. In his great book,( Al-asfar-al Arbae), he regarded existence according to proof, like phahlavi philosophers gradational,(tashkiki) i.e oneness reality that has different degrees .He in the same book(second part of first trip) manifested his final opinion in unity of existence on the basis of talent and mysticism, and has approved the individual unity of existence. So, he has named existence of possibilities ,dependent being. that whole are the reflex of one reality and the thought of independence and multiplicity of them is not real. In the end he has causation to dignity .In this research author has tried to obtain final theory of Mulla Sadra and to show oneness of unity of existence by hikmat-al motaliyah and mystical unity of existence. Manuscript profile
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        113 - Comparative Study of Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī's Thoughts and Existentialist Thinking
        عزیز جوانپور هروی
        One of the important schools of continental philosophy in the 20th century is Existentialism that with due cares for such issues as humanexistence, individuality, ethics, and faith it has a lot of similarities with Iranian mystical and Sufi literature.Jalāl ad-Dīn Muham More
        One of the important schools of continental philosophy in the 20th century is Existentialism that with due cares for such issues as humanexistence, individuality, ethics, and faith it has a lot of similarities with Iranian mystical and Sufi literature.Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī, the great mystic and poet of Iran, is among the important representatives of the mystical and Sufi literature of Iran that his system of initiative and innovative ingenuity of his mystical and philosophic thinking is similar to that ofexistentialist thinking In this paper, it isendeavored to investigate the similarity of Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī's way of thinking with western existentialist philosophers. Thus, at first, general properties and principals of Philosophical Theory of existentialism are studied.Then,a summary ofof thinkers' views at this school, includingSorenKierkegard, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Karl Jaspers, Miguel de Unamuno, and Sartre, will be pointed out.Afterwards,some aspects of Rūmī'sthoughts that are consistent with the outstanding points of this theory are investigated, and thenthe common grounds aredepictedbetweenthinking principals of existentialist philosophers and thoseof Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Rūmī Manuscript profile
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        114 - Semantic Continuity of Hafiz’s Lyrics Based on Psychoanalytic Analysis with an Approach to Islamic Mysticism
        Zohreh Khalili Asghar Daadbeh Ahmad Khiali Khatibi
        10.2234/erfan.2023.703021
        If we look at the characters of Hafiz's divan from the field of psychology, the presence of archetypes, especially "anima" can be seen in them. At the beginning of the lyricss shown by Anima, the beloved is usually earthly and the lyrics is romantic, and as we approach More
        If we look at the characters of Hafiz's divan from the field of psychology, the presence of archetypes, especially "anima" can be seen in them. At the beginning of the lyricss shown by Anima, the beloved is usually earthly and the lyrics is romantic, and as we approach the final verses, a spiritual and spiritual sense prevails over the verses, and the beloved finds heavenly effects. In 26th lyrics (He is agitated and smiling and has a drunken smile....) It also has such a characteristic while the cause of these fluctuations and changes in the transformation of the archetype of anima to the archetype of the wise old man as well as the self-scrutiny and individuality of the poet and the whole lyrics narrates the process of this transition. The use of analytical psychology interpretation in the lyrics in question opens a window to the commentator's point of view and equips him to look deeper than traditional interpretations into the poet's poems and the fundamental and strong connection in the vertical axis of speech that in Understand the dust of conscious prejudices of the covered mind, while this inner attitude is also a suitable vehicle for mystical interpretations of Hafiz's Lyrics in question. Manuscript profile
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        115 - A Comparative Study of Self-knowledge and Self-awareness From the Perspective of Ibn Al- Arabi and Jung
        Fatemeh Mahmudi Hadi Vakili Mohammadtaghi Fa’aali
        10.2234/erfan.2023.706035
        The issue of self-knowledge has a special place in the humanities, especially mysticism and psychology. The conventional interpretation of knowledge of self in mysticism is self-knowledge, and in psychology, especially analytical psychology, is self-awareness. It seems More
        The issue of self-knowledge has a special place in the humanities, especially mysticism and psychology. The conventional interpretation of knowledge of self in mysticism is self-knowledge, and in psychology, especially analytical psychology, is self-awareness. It seems that, the apparent differences between the two terms, the two concepts can be examined from a comparative perspective. In this paper Ibn al-Arabi is selected as representing Islamic mysticism and Jung as representing analytical psychology. Ibn al-Arabi uses concepts such as the cultivation of the self, contemplation and thought for self-knowledge, and Jung examines self-awareness through research in the unconscious, the analysis of dreams and meditation. These two perspectives are similar in some ways, such as the recognition of the self as well as the recognition of the self and the possibility of self-knowledge through inner consciousness. At the same time, Jung regards the analysis of dreams as one of the ways of self-awareness, but unlike Ibn al-Arabi for self-knowledge of self-cultivation, cognizability and uncognizability are possible. In sum, Ibn al-Arabi's mystical tradition has come close to contemporary psychological perspectives on his understanding. This article is based on library studies and comparative method. Manuscript profile
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        116 - Similarity between Islamic Mysticism Lessons and Adler’s Individual Psycology
        Mohammad Reza Fereydooni Seyyed Meysam Mousavian
        The challenge between the therapist and religious clients in psychology is a serious issue that arises due to differences in the vision and the way of looking at God, man, and the world between the therapist and the client. The therapist's unbelievable view of spiritual More
        The challenge between the therapist and religious clients in psychology is a serious issue that arises due to differences in the vision and the way of looking at God, man, and the world between the therapist and the client. The therapist's unbelievable view of spiritual issues and religious truths spreads a thick veil of mistrust between him and his religious clients, which influences the healing process. Adler's psychology is one of the important schools in psychology that pays attention to the spiritual and religious views of clients. Benchmarks of Adlerian psychology are will, human kindness, love, etc. These concepts have a special development and existential field in Islamic mysticism. Such a common ground between Adler's psychology and Islamic mysticism is a significant issue that necessitates research into the content convergence of the teachings of Islamic psychology and mysticism. The present study, which has been done in the analytical-descriptive method extracts some central ideas in the two fields of Adlerian psychology and Islamic mysticism. The existence of such discussions shows the capacity of Islamic mysticism in the field of healing. Manuscript profile
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        117 - The Common Experience of Dissolving Individuality in Islamic Mysticism and Indian Mysticism
        Mahnaz Danaeifar Ali Einalilu Shahin Ojaghalizadeh
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the common experiences of Islamic and Indian mystical schools regarding dissolution of individuality. Dissolution of individuality means the transcendence of the body and oneness with the Creator, which in Islamic mysticism is More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the common experiences of Islamic and Indian mystical schools regarding dissolution of individuality. Dissolution of individuality means the transcendence of the body and oneness with the Creator, which in Islamic mysticism is known as annihilation. In this research, by analytical method, by examining the texts of Indian mysticism and Islamic mysticism, we sought to find commonalities and general concepts that have been developed under these commonalities. The result is that in the Upanishad texts and Islamic mysticism;  Man is considered the ultimate cause of creation and in both mystical schools man is the manifestation and mirror of divine attributes. In Indian mysticism, the human soul is influenced by cream on mercury; In the cycle of Samsara; Dissolves from body to body higher or lower. And the only way out of this cycle and dissolution in Brahman; It is knowledge, action or love. In Islamic mysticism, however, there is no reincarnation And the subject of the dissolution of individuality and annihilation in essence by freeing oneself from material constraints and finding esoteric truth and purity; May be. The dissolution of individuality as a common experience between the two ideas of Islamic mysticism and Indian mysticism is similar in general concepts But in terms of details and development of concepts are different from each other. Although in both mystical schools; Love has been introduced as the savior of the human soul. Manuscript profile
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        118 - Sublethal effects of individual and combined of Mentha pulegium essential oil and methanolic extract on life table parameters of Ommatissus lybicus
        Azita Dehghan Arezoo Payandeh
        Integrated pest management (IPM) is an ecosystem approach to crop production and protection that combines different management strategies and practices to grow healthy crops and minimize the use of pesticides. Essential oils and extracts are used in the developing world More
        Integrated pest management (IPM) is an ecosystem approach to crop production and protection that combines different management strategies and practices to grow healthy crops and minimize the use of pesticides. Essential oils and extracts are used in the developing world for many purposes including management of agricultural insect pests. This study evaluated the individual and synergistic effects of essential oil and methanolic extract of Mentha pulegium against Ommatissus lybicus adults. The LC50 andLD50 of M. pulegium values are 9.68 μL/L air and 36.97 mg/mL, respectively. To assess the sublethal effects, adult bugs were exposed to the essential oil (LC25), methanolic extract (LD25) and their combination, and mortality of immature stages and life table parameters of the surviving O. lybicus were studied. The highest percent of egg and nymphal mortality were observed, 27.33% and 37.60% respectively, after exposure to LC25 ofM. pulegium oil. Exposure to sublethal LC25 and/or LD25 of M. pulegium negatively affected the life table of O. lybicus. All treatments significantly reduced the R0, rm, λ, and GRR while that increased T of O. lybicus and prolonged the developmental time from egg to adult. In comparison to extract treatment, R0 and rm parameters were reduced to a greater extent in insects exposed to both M. pulegium oil and extract, however, a statistically significant difference was not found when compared with essential oil treatment. According to these results, both tested essential oil and methanolic extract has potential applications for the integrated management of O. lybicus. Manuscript profile
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        119 - Examining the role of individual variables in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city
        Mohammad javad Yamini Golamreza Jafarinia
        10.30495/juepd.2022.697770
        Examining the role of individual variables in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city     Abstract       The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of indivi More
        Examining the role of individual variables in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city     Abstract       The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of individual variables in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city. This research is descriptive and correlational in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection. The statistical population included all citizens over 18 years of age in Jam city. The sample size was 397 people randomly selected based on Morgan table. The tools used in this research are standard environmental behavior questionnaires (Zare Shahabadi and colleagues, 2017), social capital (Gorji Karsami, 2016). Smart PLS 2 statistical software was used to analyze the data. The results showed that in the relationship between the dimensions of social capital and environmental behaviors of citizens, individual variables have a moderating role. Also, the results showed that the relationship between the dimensions of social capital, ie social interaction, social trust, social participation and environmental behaviors. Environmental, positive and meaningful.Extended AbstractIntroduction:     In today's advanced society, organizations need compassionate and responsible forces in order to improve their level and achieve their goals, which sometimes go beyond the goals and aspirations of the organization and behave beyond their duties. Voluntary, and beneficial efforts today are referred to as citizen-centered behaviors or environmental behaviors. The relationship between the environment and social capital is one of the new topics that has been considered by environmental researchers. Environmental protection is an essential issue for sustainable development, and its enforcement power is largely due to individual environmental protection behavior (Fangshe, 2021:1). Researchers believe that the levels of social capital have a significant effect on environmental behaviors and environmental protection, and environmental behaviors of individuals and their desire to preserve the environment depend on personality, status and social capacities in society (Azadkhani et al, 2020:1). Jam city with a rich historical and cultural background and people of different Iranian ethnicities, is located in the south of Bushehr province and due to its environmental characteristics and natural attractions can be an important tourism hub in the region with scientific management and planning.This city differs from other cities in the province in terms of climate due to its mountainous nature, distance from the sea and suitable altitude, and unlike other cities, it has a milder climate. Unfortunately, Jam city today has problems such as air pollution (caused by Fajr ­jam Gas Refining Company, Nar and Kangan­ operations area, gas pressure boosting station, Ghadir repair yard, crushers and asphalt factory), river floods, floods and so on. Such dumping of waste has occurred in villages and natural areas and has found a vulnerable structure. Given the above, the importance of research in this area seems necessary. This study seeks to determine whether individual variables in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city play a moderating role? Methodology:      This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of data collection. In order to collect research data, a questionnaire was also used. The questions of the questionnaire were of the five-choice Likert scale (very little to very much) and were distributed to the respondents in person. The statistical population consists of people over 18 years old living in Jam city, according to Morgan's table, the sample number was 397 people. Questionnaires will be distributed randomly among citizens over 18 years of age. The tools used in this research are standard environmental behavior questionnaires (Zare Shahabadi and colleagues, 2017), social capital (Gorji Karsami, 2016). Due to the standardization of the questionnaires, its validity and reliability were examined using factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha, and all of them were confirmed. In this research, the individual variables of gender, occupation and level of education were considered.Results and discussion:       After implementing the PLS algorithm, each path coefficient in the PLS structural model can be considered equivalent to a standardized beta coefficient in regression or correlation coefficient of two structures. Structural paths whose sign agrees with the algebraic sign of the previous hypotheses provide empirical validity to theoretical assumptions about the relationships between latent variables. Positive path coefficients indicate positive effects and negative path coefficients indicate negative effects. Coefficients should be greater than 0.6 and values ​​less than 0.4 should be considered inappropriate and should be removed from the set of indicators. Also, the significance of path coefficients is determined by statistical t. In this way, the values ​​must be out of range (1.96, -0.96). The results are shown in Figures 3, 2 and 4. The results of the analysis for the moderating role of this hypothesis show a path coefficient of 0.163 and a statistical t of 2.938 (greater than 1.96) and an effect intensity of 0.05, therefore It can be said with 95% confidence that individual variables play a moderating role in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors of the citizens of Jam city. Considering the path coefficient of 0.408 and statistical t shows 34,000 (more than 1.96), so with 0.95 confidence we can say that there is a significant relationship between social interaction and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city and This type of relationship is direct and positive. According to the path coefficient of 0.405 and statistical t shows 32.717 (more than 1.96), so with 0.95 confidence we can say that there is a significant relationship between social trust and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city and the type This is a direct and positive relationship. According to the path coefficient of 0.288 and statistical t shows 20.861 (more than 1.96), so with 0.95 confidence we can say that there is a significant relationship between social participation and environmental behaviors of citizens of Jam city. And the type of this relationship is direct and positive.Conclusion:      As the results of the study showed and confirmed, individual variables such as gender, education and occupation have a moderating role in the relationship between social capital and environmental behaviors, that is, they strengthen or reduce it. Social participation is an important issue that is being addressed these days. Therefore, the higher the social participation of individuals, the greater the impact on their environmental behaviors. In other words, there is a direct relationship between social participation and environmental behaviors. The higher the social participation of individuals, the higher their environmental behaviors will be. Social participation is a very important dimension of social capital that is created or strengthened by social trust and social interactions. The results obtained for this hypothesis are in line with the results of Van and Doo (2022), Feng Shu et al. (2021), Ongelinas & Jones (2019), Azad­khani et al. (1399), Gholami et al. (1399). By considering individual variables and paying more attention to them, city managers can take action to protect the environment and also create and promote positive environmental behaviors among citizens. By creating more trust between themselves and the people, as well as involving people in social activities, city and country managers can provide the ground for the participation of as many people in the community as possible. It is suggested that a study be conducted on the subject of environmental activities among different strata and classes of society and the effects they can have on other people in society. Also identify educational programs for environmental education of future generations and children and adolescents. Manuscript profile
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        120 - The Influence of Romanticism on Imagery in Simin Behbahani’s Poetry: A case of A Line from Speed and Fire, Arzhan Plain, and A Window of Freedom
        homeira khanjani maryam mahmoodi Mortaza Rashidi
        Romanticism, one of the most complex and widespread literary schools, emerged as a groundbreaking phenomenon in the late eighteenth-century. The school developed in an era of outstanding scientific, social and political changes in Europe. In the same vein, Iranian const More
        Romanticism, one of the most complex and widespread literary schools, emerged as a groundbreaking phenomenon in the late eighteenth-century. The school developed in an era of outstanding scientific, social and political changes in Europe. In the same vein, Iranian constitutional movement introduced Romanticism as a novel intellectual approach in Persian literature. Although Simin Behbahani cannot be regarded as a follower of this literary school, many of her poetic imageries enjoy attributes associated with imagery employed in Romantic poetry. Her poems are similarly replete with imagery which express the poet’s attitude and vision and outstandingly convey her emotions.This article takes a descriptive-analytical approach to Simin Behbahani’s poetry in her three outstanding collection of poems: A case of A Line from Speed and Fire, Arzhan Plain, and A Window of Freedom. The article is an endeavor to study some attributes of romanticism in Simin’s poetry as transformation of nature, individualism, ambiguity in imageries, dynamics of language and transcendence of the images, and melancholy.Ambiguous combinations and imageries, implied meaning and expressions of feelings, transcendence of nature, individual and social melancholy, and personalization of various symbols are amongst attributes which reveal Simin’s poetry to bear influences of romanticism.The findings yield significant implications on Simin Behbahani’s poetry with regards to Persian modifications introduced to romanticism which most visibly concentrate on transcendence of nature and individualism. Manuscript profile
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        121 - Identifying Components of the Ethical Marketing System Based on Islamic-Iranian Approach
        Fatemeh Noorshargh Hasan Esmailpour Hossein Safarzadeh Behrooz Ghasemi
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        122 - Organizational Culture Model Based on Normative and Individual Variables in Education Staff Managers of Tehran province
        Mohammad Bermeh MohammadNaghi Imani Saeid Alizadeh Babak Nasiri Reza Sourani
        10.30495/jsm.2023.1976973.1741
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        123 - Effectiveness Of Emotions-oriented Therapy on Subjective Well-Being and Socio-Personal Adjustment in Divorced Women
        Shima Nasri Keywan Kakabraei Mohammad Sharifi
        The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotions-oriented therapy on subjective well-being and socio-personal adjustment of divorced women member of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation of Paveh. From the statistical population, 30 people were selected by More
        The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotions-oriented therapy on subjective well-being and socio-personal adjustment of divorced women member of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation of Paveh. From the statistical population, 30 people were selected by convince sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Emotion-focused therapy was performed for 9 sessions of 45 minutes each on the experimental group and control subjects were placed on the waiting list. The research tools were California Social Adjustment (1953) and Life Satisfaction Scale (1985). Multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. The results showed that emotional therapy was effective on mental well-being and individual socio-personal adjustment. The exerted procedure led to increased satisfaction with life, individual adaptability and social adjustment in the experimental group. Manuscript profile
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        124 - Analysis of Women's Narrations Of Individual, Social And International Effects Of Women's Assembly In Arbaeen Hosseini
        Leila Samani Masome Shahryari Mahtab Eidy
        The purpose of this study was to analyze the women's narration of the individual, social and international effects of the Arbaeen Hosseini assembly. The study population was women participants in the Arbaeen Hosseini March. The sample consisted of 12 women who had at le More
        The purpose of this study was to analyze the women's narration of the individual, social and international effects of the Arbaeen Hosseini assembly. The study population was women participants in the Arbaeen Hosseini March. The sample consisted of 12 women who had at least experienced the Arbaeen procession for once that were selected by snowballs sampling procedure. The research design was descriptive-analytical based on the data theorizing approach and was done using semi-structured interviews. In order to develop and deepen the theory, at each stage of the interview, which seemed to have a theoretical connection between the new concepts and the theory, the theoretical sampling method was used. Data analysis and encoding were also performed using Maxqda software. In total, 137 open source, 33 concepts, 14 categories and 2 major concepts were extracted from the data. The results of the study indicated the existence of many important effects of the presence of women in the Arbaeen Hosseini ceremony as an international congress and meeting place of Shiites, which had a great impact on promoting the international view of the position of women in Shiism as much as possible. Women's participation in Islamic socio-cultural ceremonies should be like Arbaeen Hosseini. Manuscript profile
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        125 - Comparison of the effectiveness of individual and family-centered schema therapy, with and without supportive therapy, in reducing the symptoms of patients with borderline personality disorder
        kianoosh azizi mokhtar arefi omid moradi
        10.30495/iifs.2022.1967921.1047
        Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of individual and family-centered schema therapy with supportive treatment on the symptoms of patients with borderline personality disorder. Method: The current research is applied in t More
        Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of individual and family-centered schema therapy with supportive treatment on the symptoms of patients with borderline personality disorder. Method: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method it is semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test type. The statistical population contained patients with a definite diagnosis of borderline personality disorder who visited Quds Hospital in Sanandaj city in 2020 and 2021. The sampling method was purposeful and finally 60 men were examined as a sample and randomly divided into the desired treatment groups. Results: The findings of the research indicated that there is a significant difference between the performance of the control and experimental groups in reducing the symptoms of borderline personality disorder in the post-test (P < 0.05). Also, the results of the multivariate covariance analysis indicated that the individual and family-centered schema therapy with supportive treatment improved the components of borderline personality disorder  in patients with this disorder. According to the eta coefficient, there was the greatest effect on emptiness with 41% and the least effect on explosive anger with 22%. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the schema therapies used in the research are effective in reducing the components of borderline personality disorder, so it can be used as an effective intervention method in patients with borderline personality disorder. Manuscript profile
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        126 - The Effect of Individual Factors on Occupational Accidents in Yazd Province and Ranking them Using Hierarchical Analysis (AHP)
        Amir Reza Konjkav Monfared Gholamreza Bordbar
        One of the forms of safety analysis is to examine the events. Several goals are followed in this process. The first goal is to prevent future accidents and the second goal is to identify factors that cause accidents and injuries. Approximately, fourteen thousand occupat More
        One of the forms of safety analysis is to examine the events. Several goals are followed in this process. The first goal is to prevent future accidents and the second goal is to identify factors that cause accidents and injuries. Approximately, fourteen thousand occupational accidents occur for industrial workers in Iran annually while the main cause is the human factor. The occurrence of such events effects economic indicators, as well as human wastes. So, the effect of individual factors on the occurrence of occupational accidents in Yazd province is considered. This descriptive study is a cross-sectional survey investigating those incidents occurred in the period between 1383 to1385. Results of Spearman correlation analysis show that there is a high correlation between such variables as “age”, “occupational accidents”, as well as the variables like “work experience” and “occupational accidents”. The most traumatic accidents occur for workers between 20 to 30 years old whose work experience level is under 5 years. Besides, the correlation between education level and occupational accidents is low. Finally, using AHP method, these factors were ranked to obtain the necessary and appropriate solutions based on the results.   Manuscript profile
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        127 - Transcendent education in the light of the mental model of individual excellence of teachers
        Meysam Ghavidel Mahbobeh Montazer Ataei
        The aim of the present study is transcendent education in the light of the mental model of individual excellence of teachers. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method and exploratory mixed in terms of analyzed data. Since the goal i More
        The aim of the present study is transcendent education in the light of the mental model of individual excellence of teachers. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method and exploratory mixed in terms of analyzed data. Since the goal is to know the mental patterns of teachers in relation to individual excellence, the Q method has been used in the qualitative part. Participants in the quality section were 10 professors of the faculties of educational sciences, successful principals and deputies of schools in Khorasan Razavi province who were selected by purposive sampling. The participants completing the Q tables are 12 prominent education teachers with a brilliant record who were provided with the tables. In this study, prolonged engagement has been used for credibility in the qualitative part. To assess the validity of the data collection tool in the quantitative part, face validity was used and the researcher made the managers and officials of the company to endorse the Q options. For the reliability of the research tool, Cronbach's alpha method is used which shows the high reliability of Q expressions and their sorting results in Q diagram. The results showed that the highest consensus was on factor one (individual capabilities) as 15,994 and the lowest consensus was on factor three (professional capabilities) as 13,079. It should be noted that psychological capabilities ranked second in categorizing views. Manuscript profile
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        128 - The Study of Self-knowledge and Individuality Process in Folk Tales (by a Looking at Closed Rooms, Dark Wells, and Circular Caves)
        Maryam Rezabeigi Mohammad Irani Maryam Ghorbanian
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        129 - Identify the challenges facing women working in industry; Case study of women working in Aran and Bidgol industrial towns
        Fatemeh Deldadeh Arani sayyed mohammad reza davoodi
        Women's employment is one of the effective levers in their development and social participation, but the existence of some barriers to women's employment and their economic activity outside the family environment has limited their employment. The purpose of this study i More
        Women's employment is one of the effective levers in their development and social participation, but the existence of some barriers to women's employment and their economic activity outside the family environment has limited their employment. The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges facing women working in the field of industry in the industrial towns of Aran and Bidgol. In other words, the main question of the present study is what are the challenges and obstacles facing women working in the field of industry? The dominant approach to this qualitative research is the content analysis method, in-depth interview data collection technique, and semi-structured interview data collection tools. The statistical population of this study is all women working in Aran and Bidgol industrial towns, whose number is 34078 and The sample size was adopted by the snowball method and also based on the saturation rule, which in the end 32 people were considered as the sample size. The research data were analyzed by the content analysis method.Findings: The findings showed that the most important barriers to the interviewees' response were individual barriers, family barriers, and social barriers, each of which has sub-themes.A) Personal barriers 1. Dissatisfaction with the job 2. Psychological problems.B) Family barriers, 1. Communication with spouse 2. Communication with children 3. Communication with others.C) Social barriers 1. Educational problems. 2. Problems of work environment 3. Problems of a community environment. Manuscript profile
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        130 - The consequences of self ability of human resources in governmental organizations in Iran
        mohsen Gharakhani kumars Ahmadi adel salavati
        Control-based approaches in management are becoming empowerment-based approaches that self-empowerment is the newest type of this approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of human resource self-empowerment in Iranian government agencies. In th More
        Control-based approaches in management are becoming empowerment-based approaches that self-empowerment is the newest type of this approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of human resource self-empowerment in Iranian government agencies. In this research, two documentary (library) and field methods were used to collect data, so that based on documentary method, the researcher obtained the information through vector jack by reviewing different texts. In order to use the field method, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were used. The sample size was considered for the qualitative method of 40 individuals, among which 20 managers of governmental organizations who were familiar with the topics of self-empowerment and 20 experts and experts of the initial model were taken into account and in the quantitative method, using Cochran's formula, 72 people including employees of the Economic and Finance Affairs Department of Kurdistan province were selected by simple random sampling. The data collected in the field section, obtained from interviews, were analyzed using the research method of the foundation data and the data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Findings indicated that implications in two individual and organizational levels were identified as the consequences of self-capability phenomenon in Iranian government agencies; In this way, the 'job satisfaction' and 'human resource excellence' are among their individual consequences and 'transformation of the administrative system', 'reducing costs' and 'organizational excellence' are among organizational consequences. The results of measuring the implications of self-empowerment of resources in the formation of resources, outcomes. Manuscript profile
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        131 - Presenting a native model of organizational accountability in Iranian government organizations, taking into account the role of organizational and individual factors
        Yosouf Ahmadi Helen Ebrahimi Ghaleh Ghazi
        Organizational accountability in government institutions is one of the most important challenges facing the country. Due to the lack of a clear and competitive process, government agencies are generally at a very low level in terms of organizational accountability. This More
        Organizational accountability in government institutions is one of the most important challenges facing the country. Due to the lack of a clear and competitive process, government agencies are generally at a very low level in terms of organizational accountability. This is why designing a model that examines the factors affecting organizational accountability is of great importance. In order to achieve this, this study has examined organizational accountability in Iranian government organizations by considering the role of organizational and individual factors. The research method is qualitative and the content analysis method is qualitative. The present study, like any other research, is a library review of the related literature, and also the organizational accountability approach is based on individual and organizational factors in order to classify and present the structure based on past research. To review and answer the research question, an interview with a group of experts is conducted. They will be selected based on the method of judgmental sampling and snowball. The adequacy index of the number of interviews is the theoretical saturation based on which the researcher concludes that more interviews will not add more information to the current interview reserves and finally the final qualitative model based on causal, strategic, intervening, contextual and outcome factors. The title of final factors was presented. Manuscript profile
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        132 - Policy making and sociological explanation of individual-social socialization training of women heads of households under the cover of Tehran welfare organization in empowerment and sustainable employment.
        Bahareh Roozikhah Bahram Ghadmimi mehrdad navabakhsh
        Purpose: This article was carried out with the purpose of policymaking and sociological explanation of individual-social socialization training of women heads of households under the cover of Tehran welfare organization in empowering and sustainable employment in 1401. More
        Purpose: This article was carried out with the purpose of policymaking and sociological explanation of individual-social socialization training of women heads of households under the cover of Tehran welfare organization in empowering and sustainable employment in 1401. Method: The research method is a correlational survey. Population and sample: The statistical population of female heads of households in Tehran covered by the country's welfare organization during the years 2015 to 2019 is 700 people, and 248 people were studied by proportional random method and using Cochran's formula. Instrument: The measuring instrument was researcher-made questionnaires. Validity and reliability: The validity of the instrument was calculated and confirmed through face validity and reliability with Cronbach's alpha. Findings: Pearson's correlation coefficient results indicated the existence of a direct relationship between individual-social socialization training and its components with women's empowerment and sustainable employment. The results of multiple regression and path analysis also showed: teaching awareness of the rights of others with the effect (0.49), social participation with the effect (0.423), dialogue and understanding training with the effect (0.246), responsibility training with The effect (0.206), teaching the obligation to obey the law with the effect (0.2), teaching adherence to obligations with the effect (0.106) and teaching respect for the rights of others with the effect (0.076) in total lead to empowerment. And the stable employment of female heads of the household is covered by the welfare organization of Tehran city, which has the greatest effect on the education of awareness of the rights of others and the education of social participation. In total, the effect of all factors explains 55% of women's empowerment and sustainable employment. Conclusion: In accordance with the welfare organization's policies, individual and social socialization training for women can be effective in their empowerment and sustainable employment. Manuscript profile
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        133 - Connection self-efficacy of coaches with the individual creativity of Zurkhaneh athletes and the mediating role of sports commitment
        peyman Golmohammadi shahab bahrami Hamid foroghipor
        10.30495/kmsj.2022.1968037.1041
        The aim of this study was to link the effectiveness of coaches with the individual creativity of Zurkhaneh athletes and the mediating role of sports commitment. Descriptive correlation research method that was performed using structural equations. Zurkhaneh athletes num More
        The aim of this study was to link the effectiveness of coaches with the individual creativity of Zurkhaneh athletes and the mediating role of sports commitment. Descriptive correlation research method that was performed using structural equations. Zurkhaneh athletes number 396 people In the competitions of the year 1398 They had participated Leadership Scale Questionnaires, Effectiveness of trainers, Sports Commitment Scale, And complemented individual creativity. data With using Ways of Inferential descriptive statistics As Stretch test And skewness, Confirmatory factor analysis (Construct validity) And path analysis (Structural equation modeling) With Use From The software Spss and Lisrel Were analyzed. The results showed, The effectiveness of coaches on Sports commitment Effective And Conversely On Creativity Had no effect. Also Sports commitment On Athletes' sports creativity effective And The relationship between the effectiveness of coaches With Creativit Also Mediates. On Basis Research results Recommended Zurkhaneh sports coaches With Alliance Style decision Appropriate To Promotion Effectiveness, Creativity And sports commitment of athletes paid That From This Through And With Attention To that in Zurkhaneh sports Virtues Moral Place Subtlety have, Manuscript profile
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        134 - Factors affecting the acceptance and use of electronic commerce among the members of the faculty of physical education and sports sciences
        sardar mohammadi Reza Shafei
        10.30495/kmsj.2023.1971324.1055
        Recent advances in information and communication technology have followed a new wave of public acceptance to use this new advantage. E-commerce is considered one of these new benefits in line with the expansion of virtual businesses. In this regard, universities always More
        Recent advances in information and communication technology have followed a new wave of public acceptance to use this new advantage. E-commerce is considered one of these new benefits in line with the expansion of virtual businesses. In this regard, universities always play an important role in the development of electronic commerce as the origin of production and helping to accept technology. The present study investigated the factors affecting the acceptance and use of electronic commerce among the members of the faculty of physical education and sports sciences in the country. The statistical population included all the members of the scientific faculty of physical education and sports sciences in the number of 150 people based on Cochran's sampling method. The measurement tool included a researcher-made questionnaire of acceptance and use of electronic commerce and personal and environmental factors questionnaires from Lee and Azizi and Haj Karimi . According to experts, confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm construct validity, Cronbach's alpha was used for their reliability, and structural equation model was used to test hypotheses. The findings showed that among individual factors, direct experience, perceived risk, and perceived benefit have the greatest effect on the level of acceptance, and direct experience, expected risk, and knowledge have the greatest effect on the level of use of electronic commerce by the members of the education faculty. He has physical and sports sciences. It seems that the main reason for the lack of acceptance of internet transactions in Iran has its roots in personal Manuscript profile
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        135 - the relationship between the Football Fans Association and loyalty behavior with the mediating role of personal and social ceremonies and the perceived customer value
        Kazem Cheragh Birjandi Reza Roshandel
        10.30495/kmsj.2023.1972730.1053
        The aim of this research was to relate the association of football fans with loyalty behavior with the mediating role of personal and social rituals and perceived value. The research method is a descriptive-correlation type, which is carried out in the field. The statis More
        The aim of this research was to relate the association of football fans with loyalty behavior with the mediating role of personal and social rituals and perceived value. The research method is a descriptive-correlation type, which is carried out in the field. The statistical population of the research was the fans of the premier football league in 1400-1401. Due to the unlimited statistical population, 384 people were selected using the Morgan table. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. The research tools include Bayer et al.'s sports fan loyalty questionnaire (2008), Fazel Hassan et al.'s personal and social rituals questionnaire (2021), Fazel Hassan et al.'s sports fan association questionnaire (2021) and Eggert and Olaga's (2002) perceived value questionnaire. were used The research results showed that shared perceived value plays a mediating role in the relationship between fan associations and loyalty behavior; But the variable of individual and social rituals does not play this role. Also, the structural model of the research showed good fit according to the value of GOF = 0.45. Therefore, it is recommended that managers of sports teams create a favorable image of the value created in the fan's mind in order to create loyal behavior in football fan associations. Manuscript profile
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        136 - Examining thethe effect of individual initiative and skill variety on employees's creativity with the moderating role of knowledge specificity and creative resource
        Hasan Yoosefifar Yaghoob Maharati Mohammadmahdi Farahi
        Objective: the main objective of this study is to examine the effect of individual initiative and skill variety on creativity, with the moderating role of knowledge specificity and creative resource.Method: this study is an applied and servey research. For this purpose, More
        Objective: the main objective of this study is to examine the effect of individual initiative and skill variety on creativity, with the moderating role of knowledge specificity and creative resource.Method: this study is an applied and servey research. For this purpose, 220 staffs of bojnordmunicipal, according to the morgan table and based on random sampling were selected as case study. A questionnaire was used to collect data that its content validity assessted by the expert and its construct validity by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis. its reliability confirmed by the Cronbach's alpha. The analysis method used in this study is based on structural equation model and amos 16 software.Findings: in relation between individual initiative and skill variety with creativity, regression and p-value are 0.45 , 0.18, 3.260 and 2.014 confimed a significant positive correlation between these two variables with creativity. Results of analysis moderating didn’t confirmed the moderating role of creative resources in affecting of individual initiative on creativity and the moderating role of knowledge specificity in relationship between skill variety and creativity. But In relation between individual and creativity, creative resource (=0.387) and in realation between skill variety and creativity, knowledge specification (=-0.288) have had moderating roles.Results: the results show that individual initiative and skill variety positively affect creativity and high knowledge specificity complement the deficiency of the high skill variety, while abundant creative resources strengthen the effect of high initiative in performing creativity. Manuscript profile
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        137 - Providing a model for the development of individual and organizational creativity Based on the role of social network tie and organizational commitment of agricultural extension experts in Isfahan province
        Parvin Hajiagha Amir Alambaigi Seyed Ahmadreza Pishbin Sara Jalilian
        Context: Looking at the complexity of community change, organizations in the near future will only be able to survive when they are able to take advantage of their capabilities, commitment, and manpower at all levels of the organization. Aim: Therefore, in this research More
        Context: Looking at the complexity of community change, organizations in the near future will only be able to survive when they are able to take advantage of their capabilities, commitment, and manpower at all levels of the organization. Aim: Therefore, in this research, the aim was to investigate the effect of social network tie and organizational commitment in organizational development Agricultural Extension Experts on the incidence of individual and organizational creative behavior with the presence of the component of organizational commitment in Isfahan province. Method: The statistical population of this research were 170 people from agricultural extension experts of Agriculture Jihad in Isfahan province. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire with Likert's five-point option and for determining the validity of the face validity method, with the opinion of the professors as well as the validity of the construct. In order to measure the reliability of the research instrument, the reliability of the combination (CR) and also the Cronbach's alpha method were used. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for individual creativity dimension (0.827), organizational creativity (0.937), organizational commitment (0.719) and social network tie (0.871) was calculated. In this research, the information obtained from the questionnaire in the descriptive section was analyzed using software and then in the inferential part by structural equation modeling (SEM) using SMART PLS software. Result: The results show that the relationship between social network tie and organizational commitment on individual and organizational creativity was positive and meaningful. It was also found that providing a model for the development of individual and organizational creativity based on the effect of social network tie on the mediating variable of organizational commitment with a coefficient of 0.153 on individual creativity and a coefficient of 0.236 on organizational excellence that has an indirect effect in the society under study. Therefore, it can be said that the social network tie with organizational commitment has a positive and significant relationship, due to organizational commitment, has a positive effect on the incidence of creative behavior in the studied population. Manuscript profile
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        138 - Peresentation Model of creativity for primary school teachers, Education Ministry in Tehran City
        Hamid Aliakbari Abas Khorshidi Kamboz Poushaneh Lotfollah Abbasi Servak
        The purpose of this study was to provide a model for creativity development for teachers of the first elementary school in Tehran. To this end, the required data was collected based on the combination of exploratory (qualitative and quantitative) research approaches in More
        The purpose of this study was to provide a model for creativity development for teachers of the first elementary school in Tehran. To this end, the required data was collected based on the combination of exploratory (qualitative and quantitative) research approaches in two sections of qualitative (based on data base) and quantitative (based on cross-sectional survey method). In the qualitative field of research, experts and academic experts (university professors in the field of management) were selected through purposive sampling of snowball type. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview. The data collection in the 20th interview resulted in theoretical saturation of the data and during this phase the interviews were stopped. The results of coding based on the data base method led to the failure of 120 open source codes, 19 pivot codes and 6 selected individual, organizational, educational, environmental, socio-cultural and ethical codes. The population under study in the quantitative section was 619 people, including all teachers, managers and experts in the first elementary school of education in Tehran with a master's degree in humanities. Based on the fact that the variance of society was not available, Morgan and Krejcy's tables were used to determine the sample size of 273 people. Data analysis in the quantitative section showed that chi-square (), goodness of fitness, well-balanced fit index, root mean error and approximate squares of the qualitative section of the research were confirmed. Manuscript profile
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        139 - Identify the factors affecting the creation of innovative behavior in students (Case Study: Islamic Azad Universities of Mazandaran Province)
        Farnia Amoli Nasser Abbaszadeh Mohammad ali Hosseini
        Background: The context of students' innovative behaviors can play an effective role in the movement and dynamism of the university. As a result, identifying the factors affecting it can solve the problems facing the higher education system.Purpose: The aim of this stud More
        Background: The context of students' innovative behaviors can play an effective role in the movement and dynamism of the university. As a result, identifying the factors affecting it can solve the problems facing the higher education system.Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the development of innovative behaviors in students.Method: This research In terms of purpose, it is an application that was done with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative) with the exploratory design. In the qualitative section, the qualitative content analysis method was used with inductive approach and in the quantitative section, the descriptive-survey method was used.Participants in the qualitative section were faculty members of Islamic Azad universities of Mazandaran province and the statistical population in the quantitative section included students of Islamic Azad universities of Mazandaran province.Sampling method in qualitative section targeted In terms of type theoretical used with 12 people and in a quantitative section was a stratified random sampling in which 382 people were selected as a statistical sample for the study. The research data collection tool In qualitative section semi-structured interview and in quantitative section questionnaire made Was. The validity and reliability of the research data collection tools were confirmed, the data analysis was performed in the qualitative part through open coding and in the quantitative part through exploratory factor analysis in SPSS21 software.Results: The results showed that the factors affecting the creation of innovative behavior are three organizational factors (organizational structure, organizational culture, financial and human resources, university policy and core group), educational (teaching method, Educational content and university professors) and individual (effort and perseverance, motivation and personality traits).Organizational dimension with a factor load of 0.941 has the largest share and individual dimension with a factor load of 0.752 has is the lowest share.Conclusion: The results showed that students' innovative behaviors are influenced by various factors. These factors are spread in three major areas: organizational, educational and individual. Manuscript profile
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        140 - Drivers and Barriers of creativity in the organization: Meta-analysis of Iranian studies
        Fateme Motavalli Ali Yazkasti Zahra Sadeqiarani
        Objective: The aim of this study is investigation the individual factors affecting creativity in Iranian organizations by meta-analysis.Method: The present study is a meta-analysis. CAM2 software has been used for this purpose. In the initial search with the inclusion c More
        Objective: The aim of this study is investigation the individual factors affecting creativity in Iranian organizations by meta-analysis.Method: The present study is a meta-analysis. CAM2 software has been used for this purpose. In the initial search with the inclusion criteria of the research year and the language, 1687 related documents were found from the studied databases. After that, 77 researches were selected and entered into the meta-analysis process.Findings: The findings show that at the 95% confidence level, individual factors have a significant effect on organizational creativity and have been able to explain 0.467% of changes in organizational creativity. Also, the results of the heterogeneity test indicate that there is a heterogeneity between the studies, which is why the random effect size has been used. The funnel diagram also indicates that the standard error is low and the bias is relatively low, in fact, it indicates a normal and random distribution, and the observed error is due to possible oblique types. Conclusion: According to the research findings, among the individual factors affecting creativity in Organization Independence with effect size (0.714), feeling of effectiveness with effect size (0.660), significant feeling with effect size (0.647) And constructive thinking strategies with effect size (0.749) had the highest effect size and a significant relationship with organizational creativity. Manuscript profile
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        141 - Variable effecting ethical performance of managers and heads of accounting for innovation in Tehran Stock Exchange
        saeed safania ُSina Kheradyar keyhan azadi ali delavar
        Abstract:Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of variables affecting the ethical performance of financial managers and heads of accounting for innovation in the Tehran Stock Exchange.Method: The research population consisted of two parts: qualita More
        Abstract:Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of variables affecting the ethical performance of financial managers and heads of accounting for innovation in the Tehran Stock Exchange.Method: The research population consisted of two parts: qualitative and quantitative; In the qualitative section, a number of professors and financial managers and heads of accounting with more than 20 years of experience and in the quantitative section, 500 managers and heads of accounting were randomly selected from companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research instruments included a researcher-made questionnaire of managers' performance and James Rast (1979) Ethical Judgment Questionnaire.Results: The results of correlation test showed that there is no significant relationship between managers' age and their work experience with moral performance and it is for both variables (p> 0.05). In order to predict the performance, the results of the drawn model indicated the adequacy of the model and also the standard coefficient of prediction equal to 0.34 and the value of t-statistic equal to 4.57 indicate that this coefficient of prediction was significant and the principles were observed Ethics will have a significant impact on the ethical performance of managers.Conclusion: Observance of ethical principles alone predicts about 11% of change in managers' performance. Manuscript profile
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        142 - Providing a model for improving individual creativity through confliction and integration among education staff in Gohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
        Naser Bashiri ghodarzi Saeed Aghasi, Sayed Rasool Aghadavood
        The present study aimed to provide a model for improving individual creativity through confliction and integration among staff of cnteral organization of education in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province using grounded theory. Grounded theory is used to theorize about or More
        The present study aimed to provide a model for improving individual creativity through confliction and integration among staff of cnteral organization of education in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province using grounded theory. Grounded theory is used to theorize about organizational phenomena. The ultimate goal of this study was to understand the data of the Foundation for Improving Individual Creativity in the Education Organization of Gahgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces. The research data were obtained through 15 semi-structured interviews with selected academic experts of Gahgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces, and then extracted in the coding process and related categories in the form of two causal conditions (contradiction of mental patterns and ideation); 7 central phenomena (intra-group conflict, interpersonal conflict, inter-individual and group conflict, intergroup conflict, inter-organizational conflict, internal integration, external integration); an underlying condition (information gap); An intervening condition (mental self-control); Strategies and consequences of a specific conceptual model were explained and elaborated during the selective coding stage of each of the model elements in order to create a research theory. The results of this research can help the managers of the education organization in recognizing the policies, systems and procedures that help to improve or hinder the individual creativity of employees. The results of the research indicate that a set of strategies that the model of improving the individual creativity of employees chooses and leads to the consequences of improving individual creativity; Indicates conflict and integration among employees in practice. Manuscript profile
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        143 - A new look at the phenomenon of youth aggression based on individual, family and social characteristics (case study: 18-25 year old boys in Shahrekord city)
        Zabih Allah Karami Alireza Moradi
        Target: Violence is one of the major injuries in today's world, which is usually used by individual or collective actors against themselves (suicide or self-harm) or against another (suicide or other abuse). The aim of the present research is to take a new look at the p More
        Target: Violence is one of the major injuries in today's world, which is usually used by individual or collective actors against themselves (suicide or self-harm) or against another (suicide or other abuse). The aim of the present research is to take a new look at the phenomenon of youth aggression based on individual, family and social characteristics (case study: 18-25-year-old boys in Shahrekord city).Research method: The present research is quantitative in terms of approach and descriptive-survey in terms of strategy. It is also applied from the perspective of audience research and field research in terms of data collection. The sampling method was multi-stage random cluster and the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 28 questions including three individual components with 12 questions, a family component with 8 questions and a social component with 8 questions. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed through face validity, Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability, respectively. The statistical population includes young men aged 18-25 in Shahrekord city, and the sample size was 120 youths.Findings: According to the results obtained and the analyzes carried out, the value of the T statistic obtained for individual characteristics is equal to 21.897, for family characteristics it is equal to 15.895 and for social characteristics it is equal to 16.484, so that this value is greater than 1/96 in all cases.Conclusion: is Based on the investigations, the results of this research show that the tendency to aggression is based on individual characteristics including effective communication skills (emotion management, anger control, problem solving, etc.) and based on family characteristics including the way children are raised, parental violence. , Nabab's family and based on social characteristics include social harms, and in order to curb youth violence, practical suggestions should be implemented for each of the mentioned characteristics.. Manuscript profile
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        144 - The Study effect of individual and organizational factors on high school principal’s creativity in Ardebil Religion, 89-88 school year
        S. Pourtahmasbi A. Tajvar M. M. Seyedkalan
        Abstract the present study reviews the effect of individual factors on the creativity and enterprise managers in Ardebil city schools. Methodology: in order to answer questions were used from the Pearson correlation and regression. And the population consisted of all pu More
        Abstract the present study reviews the effect of individual factors on the creativity and enterprise managers in Ardebil city schools. Methodology: in order to answer questions were used from the Pearson correlation and regression. And the population consisted of all public high school administrators in the school year of 1388-89 Ardabil. 130 secondary school principals consisted our sample that was selected according to the formula of Cochran and quota sampling. In this research, Rendsyp questionnaires and questionnaires of individual and organizational factors affecting creativity were used containing 11 questions for each one.Results from data analysis indicated that individual and organizational factors exert effect on the individual creativity. among all, the individual factors, personality characteristics, cognitive styles and thinking styles and from organizational factors, knowledge, leadership style, organizational structure, reward system, organization, organization climate and resources are in strong relationship creativity. Data analyzes from multiple regression shows individual and organizational factors are in 99 percent of the occasions of a meaningful predictor of high school principals.     Manuscript profile
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        145 - Identifying the Indicators of Managers' Competency and Investigating Their Status in Iran Insurance Branches
        Hamid Nemati Hamdollah Manzari Tavakoli Sanjar Salajegheh Masoud Pourkiani Ayob Sheykhi
        Manuscript profile
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        146 - Investigating the content characteristics of the school of individual romanticism in the poems of Wasif Bakhti
        Alireza Ebrahimabadi Mahmoud SadeghzadeH Hadi Heidarinia
        10.30495/rpcl.2023.703149
        Romanticism is a literary, artistic and philosophical school that emerged in the West in the late 18th century and early 19th century in the field of literature; Then he influenced other societies and produced influential and valuable works in the field of prose and poe More
        Romanticism is a literary, artistic and philosophical school that emerged in the West in the late 18th century and early 19th century in the field of literature; Then he influenced other societies and produced influential and valuable works in the field of prose and poetry. The most important features of this school are the use of remote and unknown places, the depiction of mysterious situations, the reflection of the author's inner sadness and depression, the expression of individual feelings and emotions, the lack of attention to rationality and the use of imagination. Many poets in the contemporary period were influenced by the school of romanticism in different ways. Wasif Bakhtri is one of the contemporary Afghan poets who can be considered as a symbol of contemporary Afghan poetry. Wasif has an unattainable position in the contemporary poetry of Afghanistan with his unique coverage of ancient Persian literature and mastery of contemporary Persian literature and new poetry. This research, in a descriptive-analytical way and with library tools, tries to describe and explain Wasef's use of the school of individual romanticism. The results of the research indicate that the components of the school of individual romanticism can be observed in Wasif's poems. Among the many characteristics of individual romanticism, Wasif is more inclined towards naturalism. After that, lyrical themes such as love, imagination and image, nostalgia, sadness, loneliness, despair and hopelessness have a more obvious expression.  Manuscript profile
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        147 - Investigating factors affecting customers' trust in the use of electronic banking of Abhar Cooperative Development Bank
        Mehrdad Nasiri Parvaneh Nasiri
        10.30495/qrm.2023.1994878.1045
        The current research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting customer trust in using electronic banking services of Abhar Tose'e Ta'avon Bank. This research is considered applied in terms of its objective and uses a survey method for data More
        The current research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting customer trust in using electronic banking services of Abhar Tose'e Ta'avon Bank. This research is considered applied in terms of its objective and uses a survey method for data collection. The purpose of this article is practical and it used the survey method or questionnaire to collect research data.The statistical population of the study consisted of all customers of Abhar Tose'e Ta'avon Bank who have used electronic banking services. The sample size was estimated to be 384 individuals using Cochran's formula for an infinite population. The hypotheses of the research were tested through structural equation modeling using LISREL software. The results showed that perceived security, social penetration, individual skills, and perceived compatibility have a positive and significant impact on trust in electronic banking services. Furthermore, the results indicated that perceived security has a positive and significant effect on social penetration and individual skills. On the other hand, social penetration and perceived compatibility play the role of mediator variables in the relationship between perceived security and individual skills with trust.Keywords: perceived compatibility, perceived security, individual skills, social penetration, trust. Manuscript profile
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        148 - Factors influencing residents' satisfaction in nursing homes, Isfahan province, Iran: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)
        Marzieh Rajabian Narges Dehghan
        10.22094/soij.2022.1959594.1495
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        149 - The effectiveness of Cognitive group training on Action for Individual development of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee´ clients
        horeyeh heydari katrin fekri
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive group training on Action for individual growth of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee .The research method was Quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest for experimental and control groups. The st More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive group training on Action for individual growth of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee .The research method was Quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest for experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study was all the applicants for self-employment loans and the self-sufficiency of the Firuz Abad and Mamassani Relief Committee who were willing to participate in the research in 2015 and their number was 100 . Based on the small size of statistical population ,First by census method ,the Action for individual growth questionnaire was performed on the whole population. Then, among those who scored less than average (compared to the meanings of the scores obtained from 100 people), 30 (15 in each city) were selected and randomly Relief Committee´ clients of Mamassani Were replaced in the control group and Relief Committee´ clients of Firoozabad Were replaced in the experimental group.According to the Cognitive group training, experimental group had received eight sessions an hour and a half. And the control group received no intervention. Finally, a month after the test, the data were analyzed with appropriate statistical methods. The results showed that Cognitive group training is effective in and increasing scores acting for Individual development and the result for over time are constant. Therefore, it is suggested to be organized in the form of workshops , to use the cognitive theory to increase action for individual growth of applicants for self-employment loans and self-sufficiency Manuscript profile
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        150 - Study Affecting Factors on Efficiency of Research Ethics from the Viewpoint of Female Students of Farhangian University of Qom province
        amir hossein mohammad davoudi marzieh cheraghali
        The present study was conducted with the aim of study affecting factors on efficiency of research ethics from the viewpoint of female students of Farhangian University of Qom province The research methodology is theoretical survey and field study in terms of data collec More
        The present study was conducted with the aim of study affecting factors on efficiency of research ethics from the viewpoint of female students of Farhangian University of Qom province The research methodology is theoretical survey and field study in terms of data collection and descriptive survey respectively. Statistical population of study included students which amounted 750. The study's sample size was determined 256 students based on Morgan's table, and they were selected using Simple sampling method. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the 5-point Likert scale which consists of 38 questions. The content-related validity of questionnaire was approved by experts, and its reliability was 0.93. The collected data was analyzed using the (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test,) Data analysis was carried out through Structural Equation Modeling with Lisrel software.The results showed that that three factors including Individual factors, inside university environmental factor, and outside university environment effect on the student research ethics. It was also revealed that according to female students of Farhangian University of Qom province the outside environmental factor is the most effective one and individual factors and the inside environmental factor has the least influence on research ethics. Manuscript profile
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        151 - Identifying Factors Influencing Organizational Empowerment Based on Knowledge Management Among Sepah Bank Branch Staff
        alireza chenari seyede fatemeh rohani korosh pparsa moein
        The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting organizational empowerment based on KM among employees of Sepah Bank branches in Tehran. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative-quantitative in terms of information gathering. The More
        The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting organizational empowerment based on KM among employees of Sepah Bank branches in Tehran. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative-quantitative in terms of information gathering. The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of academic and organizational experts including senior managers of Sepah Bank in Tehran and familiar with human resources management, and in the quantitative section included all employees of Sepah Bank branches in Tehran. The sample size was 343 in qualitative section with theoretical saturation (20 persons) and in quantitative section by Cochran formula. Data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, AVE, AVE matrix, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and one-sample t-test. The results led to the identification of 14 influential components including trust, motivation, commitment, emotional intelligence, participation, communication, structure, education, culture, leadership, technology, and reward. Other results showed that the existing status of identified components in organizational empowerment based on knowledge management is desirable. In addition, the components were categorized into three categories: individual, organizational, and interpersonal using factor analysis. Among the individual factors with path coefficient (0.88) ranked first, organizational factors (0.87) ranked second and finally interpersonal factors with path coefficient (067) ranked last. Manuscript profile
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        152 - Identifying the effective factors on the emergence of teacher's organizational silence through research synthesis.
        Lida SHeshpari hossein momeni mahmouei
        10.30495/educ.2021.684360
        The purpose of this study was to identify effective factors on the emergence of teacher's organizational silence through synthesis research. The research method is qualitative and of the research synthesis type.The population of the study was comprised of all domestic a More
        The purpose of this study was to identify effective factors on the emergence of teacher's organizational silence through synthesis research. The research method is qualitative and of the research synthesis type.The population of the study was comprised of all domestic and non-domestic documents related to the subject of organizational silence from databases between 2013 and 2021, totaling 100 articles. All received articles were categorized and screened through content analysis, and 39 articles (10 external sources and 29 internal sources) meeting the criteria considered in the study in the aforementioned period were selected by purposive sampling and snowball as a statistical sample and were examined.The research tool was a checklist created by the researcher to record initial research information by searching for different keywords pertaining to the purpose of the research. The validity of the proposed framework was evaluated on the basis of four criteria: credibility, transferability, trustworthiness, and confirmability. The result of the inductive and compositional content analysis of the categories is the extraction of the conceptual framework of the factors of organizational silence around 4 levels: organizational, individual, managerial, and social. Manuscript profile
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        153 - Canonical analysis of the relationship between teachers 'disciplinary strategies and dimensions of elementary school students' responsibility
        amene aali Leyla Mohamadi
        10.30495/educ.2023.1963513.2893
        پرورش مسئولیت‌پذیری در دانش‌آموزان هدف مهم مدرسه است و راهبردهای انضباطی معلمان می‌تواند نقش مهمی در دستیابی یا جا ماندن از این هدف داشته باشند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف پیش‌بینی مسئولیت‌پذیری دانش‌آموزان از طریق راهبردهای انضباطی معلمان در کلاس تدوین شده است. برای پیگیری این More
        پرورش مسئولیت‌پذیری در دانش‌آموزان هدف مهم مدرسه است و راهبردهای انضباطی معلمان می‌تواند نقش مهمی در دستیابی یا جا ماندن از این هدف داشته باشند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف پیش‌بینی مسئولیت‌پذیری دانش‌آموزان از طریق راهبردهای انضباطی معلمان در کلاس تدوین شده است. برای پیگیری این هدف، در قالب یک طرح همبستگی، 239 نفر از جامعه‌ی آماری دانش‌آموزان پایه‌ی ششم مدارس دولتی شهرستان طارم به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی خوشه‌ای انتخاب شدند. داده‌های موردنیاز به وسیله‌ی دو پرسشنامه گردآوری شد؛ پرسشنامه‌ی راهبردهای انضباطی معلمان (لوئیس، ۲۰۰۱) و مقیاس سنجش مسئولیت‌پذیری دانش‌آموزان (لوئیس، 2001). طبق یافته‌های حاصل از تحلیل همبستگی کانونی، انواع راهبردهای انضباطی با مؤلفه‌های مسئولیت‌پذیری رابطه دارند و راهبردهای انضباطی تصمیم‌گیری مشارکتی، گفتگو و اشاره‌ی غیرمستقیم قوی‌ترین رابطه را دارند و قادر به پیش‌بینی سطح مسئولیت‌پذیری دانش‌آموزان در امور مربوط به خود و دیگران هستند. در مجموع، 33 درصد از تغییرات متغیر مسئولیت‌پذیری با راهبردهای انضباطی قابل توضیح است. همچنین یافته‌های مربوط به میزان کاربرد هر راهبرد انضباطی حاکی از این است که معلمان پایه‌ی ششم بیشتر از راهبرد انضباطی گفتگو استفاده می‌کنند و پرخاشگری کاربرد کمتری دارد. در متغیر مسئولیت‌پذیری نیز میانگین مسئولیت‌پذیری فردی (برای خود) بیش از مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی (برای دیگران) محاسبه شد. براساس این یافته ها، به معلمان ابتدایی پیشنهاد می‌شود برای توسعه‌ی رفتار مسئولانه در کلاس، از راهبردهای انضباطی تعاملی و مثبت استفاده کنند و به برنامه‌ریزان حوزه‌ی آموزش معلمان نیز پیشنهاد می‌شود، به آموزش انضباط اثربخش در برنامه‌های توانمندسازی حرفه‌ای معلمان توجه ویژه‌ای شود. Manuscript profile
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        154 - The relationship between intuitive, intuitive and visual-verbal learning styles with computer anxiety in undergraduate students
        taleb zandi darush noruzi
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between (intuitive - intuitive and visual - verbal) learning styles with computer anxiety in undergraduate students Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University. The statistical More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between (intuitive - intuitive and visual - verbal) learning styles with computer anxiety in undergraduate students Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University. The statistical society of this study was all of the Undergraduate students of Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University. For sampling in this study, multi-stage cluster sampling was used. Sample size in this study was 310 student. Measurement tools in this research include learning styles questionnaire Felder -Silverman and computer anxiety was Hansen and colleagues. This research data using descriptive and inferential statistics  were analyzed. The results indicated that there exists a relationship between students computer anxiety and learning styles. There also exists a relationship between sensory learning styles - intuitive and computer anxiety. Students with verbal learning style,have a higher computer anxiety than students with visual style. There is a relationship between  gender and computer anxiety.  Manuscript profile
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        155 - Investigating human relation indices among teachers
        ahmad valipour ensiyah mahmoujanlo
        The purpose of present research is to study the extent to which  human relations indeices are used by high school teachers as judged by female students. Of 434 students, a sample of 205was selected by stratified random sampling method. The study is a descriptive re More
        The purpose of present research is to study the extent to which  human relations indeices are used by high school teachers as judged by female students. Of 434 students, a sample of 205was selected by stratified random sampling method. The study is a descriptive research. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with four dimensions and 28 questions. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by the experts and the reliability of the research was calculated to be 0.867.The results showed that on average  the four indexes of communication ability , needs and talent perception , personal differences  perception and mental health were higher than average.  It can be said that the  human relations indexes among teachers in high schools in Galugah are in favorable situation Manuscript profile
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        156 - Some of the historical development of ancient Persia
        hosien elahi
        With the advent of Zoroastrianism, the evolution of ideas and Community-based instruction and data occurred on this wise Where the equality of man, his freedom and the role of speech and opinion Krdar Iranians living Nick as a basic income and that was the reason rather More
        With the advent of Zoroastrianism, the evolution of ideas and Community-based instruction and data occurred on this wise Where the equality of man, his freedom and the role of speech and opinion Krdar Iranians living Nick as a basic income and that was the reason rather Iranian society. Self-esteem and respect for the individual and social progress and development of society and to spread within the political, economic, social and emotional provided. Iranians history on this test, which was founded on the basic questions and answers to create a happy life and love for all people and especially their efforts in their geographic area and education of their children based on the dynamics of self-respect, to add community Home and family and ethnic groups are respected and world affairs based on social justice and fight against ignorance and ignorance among all human beings based on their nd were convinced that this is converging and the divergence of human civilizations were around and justice and security and freedom to all people and all they asked for. and committed to human freedom in thought and thought and came to respect his wishes. Manuscript profile
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        157 - The representation of Islam factor in the historical reports of Qajar era.
        mohsen khalili
        History means research on events that at a certain time have been taken into account, observed and kept in mind by researchers and has built a structure of the story about same events. Reality is greater than history and in terms of number exceeds it highly. This leads More
        History means research on events that at a certain time have been taken into account, observed and kept in mind by researchers and has built a structure of the story about same events. Reality is greater than history and in terms of number exceeds it highly. This leads into identity generating. In this sense, identity is a criterion that historical event can be studied based on it. As we speak of identity as a process, indeed, we have spoke of the continuity of phenomenon having become historical in response to the questions of a people, group, ethno or nation about his past. With reviewing eight historical works, writer has sought to study the factor of Islamic identity in historical reports of Qajar era Manuscript profile
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        158 - The Relationship between Willingness to Communicate and Two Types of Speaking Task: Narrative and Dialogue
        Shamsi Bagheri Atdersi Ramin Rahimy
        Manuscript profile
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        159 - On the Interrelationships among Undergraduate English Foreign Language Learners’ Speaking Ability, Personality Traits, and Learning Styles
        Zahra Zohoorian Purya Baghaei Mahsa Parikari
        Manuscript profile
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        160 - Identifying factors affecting the dynamical capabilities of organization employees
        Maryam Sedehi Esfahani Eshagh Rasouli Farzad Sattari Ardabili Behnam Azadi Majid Ahmadlu
        A resource-based viewpoint is a new approach to strategic management topics that underpins the development of strategies as the core resources, capabilities and merits of the organization. In this perspective, the effectiveness of resources in pushing the organization t More
        A resource-based viewpoint is a new approach to strategic management topics that underpins the development of strategies as the core resources, capabilities and merits of the organization. In this perspective, the effectiveness of resources in pushing the organization toward success is not the same. The resources are converted to functionality then to merit and ultimately to competitive advantage. Therefore, the use of dynamic capabilities due to the emphasis on the mechanisms by which, through the mobilization of resources and internal facilities, while improving the efficiency and effectiveness of institutions, their competitive ability increases, as a major tool in the success and improvement of organization's performance, and from Therefore, they are of great importance. Implementing dynamic capabilities in both individual and organizational dimensions can turn into a sustainable competitive edge in today's dynamic and rapidly changing environments. Therefore, it is capable of integrating, and reorganizing the internal and external capabilities to face the rapid change of the environment. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the ynamics of employees. For this purpose, studies on dynamic capabilities have been studied in recent years so that components of dynamic capabilities can be extracted from authoritative managerial texts. Manuscript profile
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        161 - examining the relationship between individual factors and management of political behavior in the banking system of the country according to the role of mediating role of organizational silence
        mostafa parsamoghadam Sanjar Salajegheh mohammad Jamal Kamali
        regarding the broad effects of personal factors related to political behavior as well as organizational silence in the management of political behavior of bank personnel, discovering complex relationships between individual factors and organizational silence with manage More
        regarding the broad effects of personal factors related to political behavior as well as organizational silence in the management of political behavior of bank personnel, discovering complex relationships between individual factors and organizational silence with management of political behavior in the banking system can reveal the importance and necessity of carrying out such research. the aim study is to investigate the relationship between individual factors and management of political behavior in the banking system according to the role of mediating role in the central bank of islamic republic of iran. the purpose of this research is the practical purpose and then how data collection and work method are among the descriptive - survey research. for this purpose, three questionnaire management questionnaire, individual factors and organizational silence were constructed to collect data. according to cochran s formula, 356 employees of the central bank of iran were determined and selected by random sampling. to analyze the data from the statistical methods and test of single - sample t - sample t test, structural equation modeling of اس software and amos is used. the results show that individual factors have a direct and meaningful relation with management of political behavior and there is a negative and significant relationship with organizational silence, as well as organizational silence with management of political behavior. the results show that one of the most common approaches in management of political behavior is individual factors. The success of each organization depends on the appropriate allocation of instruments, equipment, money Manuscript profile
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        162 - Provide a model of dimensions and components affecting the optimization of the establishment of electronic human resource management
        mehrzad sarfarazi gholamreza memarzadeh tehran seyed mahdi alvani mohammadali afshar kazemi
        Background and Aim:The purpose of this study is to provide a model of dimensions and components affecting the optimization of the establishment of electronic human resource management in the Iranian banking industry. Methodology:The present study was an applied research More
        Background and Aim:The purpose of this study is to provide a model of dimensions and components affecting the optimization of the establishment of electronic human resource management in the Iranian banking industry. Methodology:The present study was an applied research, the purpose of exploratory research was the type of quantitative and qualitative data and the field implementation method and questionnaire and interview tools.Delphi fan methods, Delphi fuzzy, fuzzy network process analysis, linear optimization method was used to optimize the establishment of human resource electronic backbone management in the banking industry and was used to analyze the data. And Excel was done.Findings:The findings showed that 30 important components in six dimensions of organizational, environmental (government), process, cultural, technological and individual can be modeled and the component of "government laws" act as the cornerstone of the model and to begin the establishment Optimal human resource management system should be emphasized in the first place.Conclusion: Optimization of the model of electronic human resource management deployment showed that the model in a state of 100% benefit with a combination of individual dimensions of 0.61, process 0.55 and organizational 58 0. and technological 0.62 and cultural 0.71 and environmental-economic is 0.52 which in comparison with the current situation has a gap of 0.11 in the individual dimension, 0.15 in the process dimension, 0.18 in the organizational dimension, 27 0.0 in the technological dimension, 0.26 in the cultural dimension and finally 0.13 in the environmental-economic dimension, which will optimize the establishment of electronic human resource management. Manuscript profile
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        163 - Individual and Corporate Entrepreneurship
        Naser Hamidi Nabiollah Mohammadi
        In this article, entrepreneurship in Zanjan Physical Education Administrational office and its relationship with personal, personality and organizational factors was investigated in order to encourage and prompt the entrepreneurship level during the time span of Februar More
        In this article, entrepreneurship in Zanjan Physical Education Administrational office and its relationship with personal, personality and organizational factors was investigated in order to encourage and prompt the entrepreneurship level during the time span of February 2008 till September 2008. To this end, we formulated the corresponding directional hypothesis and examined the kind and degree of relationship between personal, personality and organizational specialties variables with entrepreneurship. The results indicated meaningful correlation indices between each of the variables of personal, personality and organizational specialties with entrepreneurship. Further, a meaningful relationship was found between the mentioned variables and entrepreneurship. The results of statistical analysis confirmed that only personality can account for 69.64% of changes in entrepreneurship. Also, level of entrepreneurship in this organization with score of 30.47 is lower than the average level (50%). Finally, some suggestions and guidelines are provided to improve entrepreneurship level based on the research results. Manuscript profile
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        164 - Effective Factors in Human Resource Empowerment in NIOPDC - Tehran Region
        Abdolreza Miri Esmaeil Sabzikaran
        The identification and application of the effective factors for improving the efficiency of organization’s operations are the most important aspects of each organization. Developmental approaches in human resource management are a typical example of these factors More
        The identification and application of the effective factors for improving the efficiency of organization’s operations are the most important aspects of each organization. Developmental approaches in human resource management are a typical example of these factors which clearly indicate the importance of human resource as the organization’s main investment and a vital competitive factor. The present research aimed to investigate the effective factors in employee empowerment that may play significant roles in the development of human resource management. Spreitzer’s model was employed to evaluate psychological empowerment in which the attitudes and feelings of employees related to their endowments. Through using this approach, the effective factors in creating of empowerment feeling in employees were recognized as three levels of individual, group and organization. Consequently, an appropriate model can be proposed in order to apply in further research. For this purpose, a descriptive- correlative method was used to determine the effective factors. Also, multiple regression method was conducted to measure the influence of these factors. The research was performed in National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company- Tehran Region. By using the final obtained results, the priority of each factor was  determined in the statistical community and subsequently a local model was established in order to describe the influence of effective factors on the creation of the psychological empowerment feeling in employees of this company at three levels of individual, group and organization. Manuscript profile
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        165 - Identifying the Factors Affecting on the Employee’s Silence in Sepehr Electric Company
        Mohammad Ataei Nasrin Ghorbani Nia
        Since the human resources are generally the most important resources of any organization, managers should pay special attention to human behavior in organizations and for this purpose, they should equipped with knowledge of organizational behavior that help them to unde More
        Since the human resources are generally the most important resources of any organization, managers should pay special attention to human behavior in organizations and for this purpose, they should equipped with knowledge of organizational behavior that help them to understand the behavior causes, predict and guide the behavior, so that they can lead human resources as a organizational resource toward goals of the organization. The aim of this study is: Identifying the factors affecting on the employee's silence in Sepehr Electric Company in (2015-2016). This research is descriptive – casual survey (cross-sectional) and in the terms of target is functional. The study population includes Sepehr Electric employees which according to information obtained from the company equal to the number of 494 people. The sample size is including 84 persons who are selected by random sampling method. To collect data, questionnaire was used. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the advisors and experts and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient that this coefficient was obtained 0/982 for the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and Lisrel. In this regard, to test hypotheses, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation is used. The results indicate that all hypotheses other than fourth hypothesis concerning the impact of group factor have not been excluded. In this way, we can this claim not to exclude that organizational, environmental and individual factors have significant impacts on organizational silence. Manuscript profile
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        166 - Designing the Model of Ethical Leadership, Compatible to the Governmental Organizations of Iran
        Morteza Hazrati Gholamreza Memarzadeh Tehran
        Today, respecting ethics or morals is inevitable to analyze public organizations; moreover, leaders should be committed to common ethics in order to conduct the staff to the common goals. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to investigate the ethical leadership method More
        Today, respecting ethics or morals is inevitable to analyze public organizations; moreover, leaders should be committed to common ethics in order to conduct the staff to the common goals. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to investigate the ethical leadership method in public organizations. The concept of ethical leadership, structure, and specifications of it are studied from the perspective of several experts. At the end, the conceptual model, affected by two individual and managerial perspectives is proposed. To measure the validity of model, the model is tested in a public organization of Iran. Findings showed ethical leadership and management are comprised of two individual and managerial elements and considerate of both the individual and managerial structure can see the impact of these elements on the consequences of ethical leadership. Manuscript profile
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        167 - Survey and ranking the most important factors desire of domestic consumer's in choosing foreign alternative products
        Hossein Norouzi Roghayeh Ahmadi
          This study aims to survey and ranking the most important factor desire of domestic consumer's in choosing foreign alternative products. In present study, factors related to the manufacturer and factors related to the government integrated with Philip Kotler'S mo More
          This study aims to survey and ranking the most important factor desire of domestic consumer's in choosing foreign alternative products. In present study, factors related to the manufacturer and factors related to the government integrated with Philip Kotler'S model of buyer behavior to propose a Conceptual model. Research statistical population consists of appliance buyers with foreign brands in shiraz city and Sampling method is Non randomly sampling from type judgmentally. present study In terms of objective is Functional and in terms of data collection is descriptive-survey (questionnaire). The causes identified for tend domestic consumer's to choose foreign alternative products including individual factors, group factors, Product-related factors, cultural factors (wrong culture dominant over society), Halo effect, manufacturer- related factors and government - related factors. In order to verify these factors, confirmatory factor analysis was used. Then, Student T Test was used to test hypotheses and the Friedman test was used to rank the factors. Based on the hypothesis testing, Impact factors related to the manufacturer and factors related to the government On desire local consumers to choose foreign products was rejected. And the impact of other factors on desire was confirmed. Also, cultural factors and individual factors were having highest rating and lowest rating. Manuscript profile
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        168 - Developing a Framework for Analyzing the Causes of Corruption
        Ali Naghi Mashayekhi Mehran Sepehri Seyed Mohammad Amin Aghamiri
        10.22094/joie.2021.1928509.1851
        Manuscript profile
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        169 - Evaluation of the four factors affecting the development of a perceived religious identity-building curriculum mediated by individual worldview (Case study: Perspectives of high school teachers in Isfahan)
        Mohammadali Salmani Ardani Farhad Shafiepoor Motlagh
           The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the development of a perceived religious identity-building curriculum mediated by individual worldview. The statistical universe of present research was consisted of Isfahan city’s all high s More
           The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the development of a perceived religious identity-building curriculum mediated by individual worldview. The statistical universe of present research was consisted of Isfahan city’s all high school teachers of Education Department in the academic year of 1392-1393 that number of 340 teachers were selected through the multiphase cluster random sampling method. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method. The data collection tool included 3 researcher-made questionnaires. 1-Effective quadruple values questionnaire (religious, spiritual, moral, human) 2- Personal world view questionnaire in students ‘learning process 3. Questionnaire for developing a perceived religious identity curriculum. To evaluate the reliability Cronbach's alpha was used. Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaires were 0.91 and 0.93 respectively and 0.94 calculated. Factor analysis and construct validity methods were used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 18 software. The results showed that religious, spiritual and moral values affect the development of perceived religious identity-building curriculum, but the effect of human values on the development of perceived religious identity-building curriculum was not significant. Also, in the fitted corrective model, religious values have a direct effect on the religious identity-building program, both mediated and mediated by an individual worldview. Spiritual and moral values have only a direct effect on the program of perceived religious identity. Human values also indirectly affect the program of religious identity only through the mediation of individual worldview. Manuscript profile
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        170 - Investigating the Effect of Participatory Learning on Individual Self-Efficacy and Student motivation With the Approach of Jig Saw
        Ali Khalegkhah Nasrin Oroojy Habibeh Najafi
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of participatory learning of Jig-Saw on academic motivation self-efficacy and of secondary high school students. This study was semi experimental carried out in two groups of control and the experiment (pre-test an More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of participatory learning of Jig-Saw on academic motivation self-efficacy and of secondary high school students. This study was semi experimental carried out in two groups of control and the experiment (pre-test and post-test). The statistical population of this study includes all students of the 10th grade high school of Enbrand in the academic year of 2016 with a total of 2958 people. The sample size was estimated by Kerjesi-Morgan table 62 number Which were selected through available sampling. The data gathering tool included two standard questionnaires - Harter's academic motivation (1981) and Sherer; s Individual self-efficacy (2003). data were analyzed using SPSS18 software. Results: The results of the findings showed there was a significant difference between the academic motivation (F = 950/371; p < 0.05) and individual self-efficacy (F = 1374/436; p < 0.05). The participatory learning method is effective in increasing the students' academic motivation and self-efficacy compared with the traditional lecture method. Manuscript profile
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        171 - The relationship between transformational leadership style and self-employees
        Seyedeh Liyla Hoseini Tabaghdehi Javad Khalatbari
                        The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between transformational leadership styles with self-efficacy of employees in the Islamic Azad universities, Mazandaran Provi More
                        The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between transformational leadership styles with self-efficacy of employees in the Islamic Azad universities, Mazandaran Province. The research is a descriptive correlation study. The statistical community is all employees in Islamic Azad universities in five cities of Mazandaran province include Tonekabon, Chlos, Sari, Neka, Behshahr are the number of 829 peoples. The statistical random sampling method of this research is based on Morgan’s table and the number of 256 people was determined. For collecting data and needed information, the library and field method were used. Data collection tools and informational in this study is two questionnaires: spritzer s,     psychological empowerment questionnaire (1995) and Bass and Avolio, s transformational leadership questionnaire ((2000). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Result showed that there is the positive relationship between self-efficacy and transformational leadership style (p<0/01). In addition, regression analysis showed that the predictor variables, Idealized influence is the most important role in predicting self-efficacy (p<0/01). Manuscript profile
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        172 - The relationship between transformational leadership style and human capital
        Seyedeh Leyla Hoseini Tabaghdehi Mohammad Salehi
        The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between transformational leadership styles and human capital in the Islamic Azad universities, Mazandaran Province. The research is a descriptive correlation study. The statistical community is all of faculty in Isla More
        The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between transformational leadership styles and human capital in the Islamic Azad universities, Mazandaran Province. The research is a descriptive correlation study. The statistical community is all of faculty in Islamic Azad universities in Mazandaran province (1700). Sample was calculated by the formula Cochran 300 people who were selected through stratified random sampling method. For collecting data and needed information, the library and field method were used. Data collection tools and informational in this study is two questionnaires: Bass and Avolio, s transformational leadership questionnaire (2000) and Bounties, s intellectual capital questionnaire (2002). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Result showed that there is the positive relationship between human capital and transformational leadership style (p<0/05). In addition, regression analysis showed that the predictor variables, Motivation and inspiration, individual consideration, Idealized influence is the most important role in predicting human capital (p<0/05). Manuscript profile
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        173 - The role of social responsibility on the behavior of Super League football spectators through the influence of the mediating role of individual identity
        Hamid Foroghipoor behroz zinati majid solaymani
        10.30495/jss.2020.1897409.1207
        The purpose of this study was to determine the role of social responsibility on the behaviors of Iranian Premier League spectators through the mediating role of individual identity. The type of research is descriptive-correlational and in terms of purpose, it has been a More
        The purpose of this study was to determine the role of social responsibility on the behaviors of Iranian Premier League spectators through the mediating role of individual identity. The type of research is descriptive-correlational and in terms of purpose, it has been applied in field. The statistical population of the study consisted of all spectators of the Iranian Premier League in 1997-98, out of which 460 were randomly selected. The research instrument was Van Dyk et al (2008), Team Identity Questionnaire (2010), Spectator Behavior (2010) and Individual Identity Questionnaire, which were validated in a pilot study using Cronbach's alpha greater than 0.7. Came. Two descriptive and inferential methods were used for data analysis. Structural equation modeling method using partial least squares approach was used for inferential statistics. The results showed that personal identity had a positive and significant effect on social responsibility and on behaviors of the Iranian super League. Individual identity can also increase this effect as a mediator variabl Manuscript profile
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        174 - Investigating the relationship between individual values and cultural participation in citizens of District 5 of Tehran Municipality
        Abbas Ghaedamini Harouni Reza Ebrahimzadeh Dastjerdi Mehrdad Sadeghi
        10.30495/jss.2021.1912611.1243
        Values and value systems on the one hand affect other areas of culture and society, and on the other hand affect the quality of human life and how to behave and relationships with others; in other words, human behavior directly It is influenced by the system of values a More
        Values and value systems on the one hand affect other areas of culture and society, and on the other hand affect the quality of human life and how to behave and relationships with others; in other words, human behavior directly It is influenced by the system of values and moral principles to which they adhere, and one of the most important components of cultural development is cultural participation, which has received much attention in recent years. This study examined the relationship between individual values and cultural participation in citizens of District 5 of Tehran Municipality. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection. The research instruments were the standard UNESCO Cultural Participation Questionnaire and the Schwartz Individual Values Standard Questionnaire, which were distributed among 384 respondents based on appropriate validity and reliability and through stratified sampling method appropriate to the volume. Individuals have a significant positive relationship with cultural participation (p <0.05). The results also showed that the dimensions of individual values (power, progress, hedonism, arousal, self-direction, universalism, benevolence, traditionalism, compliance and safety) with the dimensions of cultural participation (audio and video, books and publications, cultural heritage, Language, ritual and performing arts, sports activities, activities related to traditionalism, visual arts and library) had a significant relationship (p <0.05). Manuscript profile
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        175 - A study on some psychological and social factors associated with religiosity of students.
        Firooz Rad Raheleh Menbari
        The subject of this research is to study some psychological and social factors associated with religiosity rate of Tabriz university students. The aim of this study is to determine some factors related to religious intensiveness and weakness. In this study, field survey More
        The subject of this research is to study some psychological and social factors associated with religiosity rate of Tabriz university students. The aim of this study is to determine some factors related to religious intensiveness and weakness. In this study, field survey, library methods and questionnaire were used to collect data. The sample computed by Cochrane sampling formula among nearly 13000 people, is 373 people. The data were analyzed by path analysis, multiple regression, Pearson test, T-test and ANOVA. The results show that individual factors associated with the students’ religiosity. Friends and selected patterns have great impact on the intensity or weakness of religious beliefs of students. Also, dissatisfaction of officials and religious authorities reduce the amount of religiosity of students. Finally, variables of friend group, reference group, age and sex have linear regression equation with the rate of student religiosity and clarify 87.5 percent of variation of dependent variable. Manuscript profile
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        176 - Analytical study of civic ethics in modern world (With an emphasis on critical and postmodern sociologists’ ideas).
        Samad Sabagh Firouz Rad Mitra Rahnamayan
        This article is an analytical study of civic ethics in the modern world with an emphasis on Frankfort school and postmodern sociologists’ ideas. In order to achieve the vision of these thinkers, some works of them were referenced as: Adorno, Horkheimer, Markus, Ha More
        This article is an analytical study of civic ethics in the modern world with an emphasis on Frankfort school and postmodern sociologists’ ideas. In order to achieve the vision of these thinkers, some works of them were referenced as: Adorno, Horkheimer, Markus, Habermas, Baudrillard, Leotard, and Derrida. This qualitative research which is based on an interpretive-comprehensive approach studies these ideas interpretatively and critically.The results show that, there are similarities and differences in the sociologists’ ideas. Based on the consensus of scholars, it is possible to trace the general picture of the state of civic ethics in modern world. This picture implies the existence of problems and crises in human social life in modern societies.  Manuscript profile
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        177 - The relationship between wrestlers’ performance levels and their personal and social identity
        Ayob Baninosrat Bagher Hussein pour Amir Giyami Rad Habib Muhammad pour
        Sport has been historically exercised with purposes of contest or entertainment in different countries, but in new and professional form it coincides with industrial developments. Sociologically, sport is related to the aspects such as contest, entertainment, skills, an More
        Sport has been historically exercised with purposes of contest or entertainment in different countries, but in new and professional form it coincides with industrial developments. Sociologically, sport is related to the aspects such as contest, entertainment, skills, and joy in the first place, but in fact it deals with wide variety of social issues. Identity, as one of the most important dimensions of athletic character is highly affected by sportive behaviors. Most literature shows that sportsmen have different identities in comparison to none-sportsmen, but here in this research the main idea has established around the identical changes happen during the developments of individuals’ sportive life. In this study three groups of 362 Iranian wrestlers participated. According to the results there were significant differences between three groups due to their competence feeling, self-esteem, and group dependency averages. Additionally, the dominant identity in higher levels was social and in low levels was individual. Finally, in higher levels more homogeneity was observed between individual and social identities. Manuscript profile
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        178 - The study of the relationship between individual-social characteristics and the personnel's job satisfaction
        Hoshang Tagizadeh Nazel Asadi
        This article aims to find the relationship between the individual-social characteristics of the personnel and their job satisfaction. The statistical population consists of 380 staff members of mohagheghArdebili University, and the sample size is 202 which is taken by s More
        This article aims to find the relationship between the individual-social characteristics of the personnel and their job satisfaction. The statistical population consists of 380 staff members of mohagheghArdebili University, and the sample size is 202 which is taken by stratified random sampling. The data related to the individual-social characteristics have been gathered by using a researcher-devised questionnaire, and the questionnaire relating to the job satisfaction is of the standard type. The obtained results showed that there is a meaningful relationship betweenthe variables of individual- social characteristics and job satisfaction (p<0.001). Among the studied variables, there is a stronger relationship between the variable of job experience and discrimination at work, and job satisfaction. Based on the obtained results and with regard to the coefficient and the intensity of the relationship between the individual-social characteristics and job satisfaction, some suggestions have been presented.   Manuscript profile
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        179 - Sociological Study of Tendency toward Western Values Emphasizing on the Degree andKind of Internet Social Networks(Case Study of Young People in Khalkhal)
        Behrad Bakhtiari Eghbaleh Azizkhani
        The present research was conducted to sociologically study the tendency toward western values emphasizing on the degree and kind of use of internet social networks by young people in Khalkhal. Ball Wreckage and DE flour’s Dependency theory, Castells’ Network More
        The present research was conducted to sociologically study the tendency toward western values emphasizing on the degree and kind of use of internet social networks by young people in Khalkhal. Ball Wreckage and DE flour’s Dependency theory, Castells’ Network Society and Stewart Hall’s Coding and Decoding pattern were used as theoretical basis for this research; on which the hypotheses of research were formed. The hypotheses consisted of the impact of degree and kind of use of internet social networks on the tendency toward individualism, materialism, looseness of religious values and tendency toward western lifestyle.The research method is survey and a researcher-made questionnaire is used to collect data. The statistical population consisted of Iranian members of internet social network, and the sample was 300 active and on-line members of Facebook who were selected by immediate and nonprobable sampling method. The results indicate that, there is a meaningful relationship between degree and kind of use of internet social networks and tendency toward individualism, materialism, looseness of religious values, and western lifestyle.  Manuscript profile
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        180 - The effect of individual and structure variables on Turkey's attitude towards Russia; A case study of the Justice and Development Party period
        mahboobeh Roohi
        Turkey's relations with Russia have been influenced by several factors throughout history. But since the AKP came to power, these relations have undergone major changes , Which cannot be imagined suddenly and without background. In the formation of this golden age of bi More
        Turkey's relations with Russia have been influenced by several factors throughout history. But since the AKP came to power, these relations have undergone major changes , Which cannot be imagined suddenly and without background. In the formation of this golden age of bilateral relations, Turkey's interest in the development of these friendly relations is undeniable . Among the various causes at the domestic, regional and international levels, the Two variables of decision-maker and structure seem to have played a major role in smoothing Turkey's efforts for this type of relationship . Therefore, the main question of this article, What has been the impact of the two variables of decision-maker and the structure in the Turkey's relations with Russia? The results of the study, by examining the objective manifestations of the effect of these two variables, indicate that these two factors have provided the ground for changing Turkey's attitude towards Russia from a maximally confrontational and hostile form to an interactive and friendly minimum. Manuscript profile
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        181 - بررسی تطبیقی تاثیرات فعالیتهای تعاملی و فعالیتهای فردی روی مهارت گفتاری فراگیرندگان زبان انگلیسی
        رویا خوئی احسان ذولفقاری یونسی
        10.30495/jal.2023.1975112.1455
        تعامل همیشه به عنوان یک عنصر کلیدی در توسعه دانش زبان دوم و ایجاد گفتمان ارتباطی پویا در نظر گرفته شده است. با اینحال، این متغیر همیشه در حیطه فراگیری انگلیسی به عنوان یک زبان خارجی یعنی محیطی که دسترسی به زبان دوم برای زبان آموزان محدود است، تحقق نمی یابد. از این رو، ا More
        تعامل همیشه به عنوان یک عنصر کلیدی در توسعه دانش زبان دوم و ایجاد گفتمان ارتباطی پویا در نظر گرفته شده است. با اینحال، این متغیر همیشه در حیطه فراگیری انگلیسی به عنوان یک زبان خارجی یعنی محیطی که دسترسی به زبان دوم برای زبان آموزان محدود است، تحقق نمی یابد. از این رو، این تحقیق به بررسی و مقایسه تأثیر کاربرد تمرین های تعاملی و فردی بر توانایی گفتاری زبان آموزان مرد پرداخت. شرکت‌کنندگان 32 زبان‌آموز در دو کلاس دست‌ نخورده بودند که به‌ طور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایشی قرار گرفتند. گروه اول تکالیف گفتاری را به صورت انفرادی و گروه دوم آنها را به روش تعاملی در طول 16 جلسه انجام دادند. گروه اول تمرین های حل مسئله، شکاف استدلالی و شکاف عقیده را به صورت انفرادی و گروه دوم از طریق کار گروهی انجام دادند. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های پیش آزمون و پس آزمون گفتاری نشان داد که تفاوت آماری معنی‌داری بین میانگین نمرات دو گروه در پس‌آزمون وجود ندارد و این نشان می‌دهد که هیچ یک از فرم‌های تمرین در فرآیند توسعه مهارت شفاهی زبان دوم بر دیگری برتری ندارند. با این حال، نتایج دو آزمون تی نشان داد که مهارت گفتاری فراگیران در هر دو گروه در پایان آزمایش به طور قابل توجهی پیشرفت کرده بود. بنابراین، محققان به این نتیجه رسیدند که اجرای دقیق تمرین های فردی در غیاب تعامل می‌تواند با کارآیی مساوی به تکامل مهارت گفتار در زبان دوم کمک کند. Manuscript profile
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        182 - رابطه بین تحمل ابهام و صحت دستوری گفتار کار-مدار زبان آموزان ایرانی
        فرید خوش لحن حسینی زهره سیفوری
        10.30495/jal.2019.664541
        اخیرا تفاوتهای فردی گوناگون از جمله تحمل ابهام به دلیل تاثیری که بر فرآیند و دستاوردهای آموزش و از آن طریق بر جنبه های متفاوت سیستم زبان میانه از جمله صحت دستوری آن دارند مورد توجه قرار گرفته اند. هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی میزان رابطه معنادار بین تحمل ابهام زبان آموزان ایران More
        اخیرا تفاوتهای فردی گوناگون از جمله تحمل ابهام به دلیل تاثیری که بر فرآیند و دستاوردهای آموزش و از آن طریق بر جنبه های متفاوت سیستم زبان میانه از جمله صحت دستوری آن دارند مورد توجه قرار گرفته اند. هدف تحقیق حاضر بررسی میزان رابطه معنادار بین تحمل ابهام زبان آموزان ایرانی و صحت دستوری گفتار کار-مدار آنان بوده است. برای دستیابی به این هدف، نمونه تصادفی شامل 60 زبان آموز ایران مشغول به تحصیل در آموزشگاه زبان انگلیسی پکاه از جامعه آماری 150 نفری انتخاب شد. میزان تحمل ابهام آزمودنی ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه تحمل ابهام در زبان دوم (الی، 1994) و صحت دستوری گفتار آنان با استفاده از یک کار توصیف تصویری مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. تحلیل همبستگی داده های تحقیق نشان داد که زبان آموزان گفتاری ناصحیح تولید نمودند که به میزان متوسط و معنادار با میزان تحمل ابهام آنان همبستگی داشت. نتایج ضرورت شناسایی تحمل ابهام زبان آموزان را مورد تاکید قرار می دهد و کاربردهای آموزشی این سنجش را به بحث می گذارد.   Manuscript profile
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        183 - Jurisprudential and legal challenges of Bitcoin in Iran's legal system
        asghar khajavi Syed Morteza Ghasem Zadeh Kourosh Jafarpur
        10.22034/ijrj.2023.1965859.4262
        In our country, there is still no unified position and coherent regulations in the field of virtual currencies, especially Bitcoin, and in order to formulate appropriate laws, it is necessary to know the jurisprudential and legal challenges of this trend. In terms of le More
        In our country, there is still no unified position and coherent regulations in the field of virtual currencies, especially Bitcoin, and in order to formulate appropriate laws, it is necessary to know the jurisprudential and legal challenges of this trend. In terms of legal analysis, the findings of the research showed that bitcoins are in the form of numbers and data, they are considered a non-physical money, which are considered real (not benefit) in terms of having existential independence and not depending on another's property. From a legal point of view, these currencies are considered tangible, movable, scarce, and they should be classified as objective rights.The analysis of bitcoin using purely legal and jurisprudential techniques and arguments in the context of private law and personal jurisprudence indicates that there is no major problem and obstacle in front of the prescription of this currency and related transactions, but because virtual currencies with wealth, resources Financial and in general economy of the society is related. Explaining the topics in the light of public law and government jurisprudence is more compatible with reality. Manuscript profile
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        184 - The Legitimacy of Cryptocurrency in Governmental and Individual Jurisprudence
        Seyed Ali Rabbani Mousaviyan
        10.22034/ijrj.2020.675498
        Within the past decade, cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, have been among the resultants of information technology development in the international and even internal financial system which have had benefits such as the expansion of international currency exchanges an More
        Within the past decade, cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, have been among the resultants of information technology development in the international and even internal financial system which have had benefits such as the expansion of international currency exchanges and cheeping against challenges like increase in a number of crimes like money laundering and violations of financial and economic order of the countries. From the individual jurisprudence point of view, the cryptocurrencies are considered as a kind of property and their transactions are not usorious and uncertain (Gharar); therefore, if the trading base of cryptocurrencies is correct from the jurisprudential point of view, the exchange of cryptocurrencies is permissible in legal terms. But if the trade base of cryptocurrencies is not legitimate, their trade is void and forbidden. From the point of view of governmental jurisprudence, however, the status of cryptocurrencies exchanges is different.  In accordance with no harm, respect, government system maintannace, action (Iqdam), and justice principles, all of which prevent the implementation of inappropriate monetary policies and the excessive increase in the amount of money in the Islamic economic system, it is essential that their trading is prevented until a legal system for the control of cryptocurrencies have been created by the government in the economy of the country. Manuscript profile
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        185 - Jurisprudence-Legal Principles of Confiscation Insurance
        ali jafarzadeh shahi قادر شنیور Jamshid Yahya pour
        10.22034/ijrj.2020.678158
        Confiscation is one of the institutes enacted by the legislator to protect the right of winning party and/or the claimant and ensure individuals' right. It is based on protecting individuals' right. However, carrying out these regulations can weaken the social and econo More
        Confiscation is one of the institutes enacted by the legislator to protect the right of winning party and/or the claimant and ensure individuals' right. It is based on protecting individuals' right. However, carrying out these regulations can weaken the social and economic aspects of the society. But today, laws should be comprehensive and consider group rights in addition to individuals' right. In this way, existential principles which are the philosophy of enacting the current regulations are criticized in addition to presenting a new definition for confiscation and investigating social and economic model-setting principles; and by presenting a new theory for confiscation, we move toward socializing law and protecting individuals' rights and jurisprudence and legal principles of insuring confiscated properties are studied based on development of the wise, rule of prohibition of detriment, the inclusion of generalities and applications of evidence. Manuscript profile
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        186 - The Study of the Basis of Rare and Individualized Fatwas of Ibn Idris Hilli
        maryam ghafoori mohammad mohseni dehkalani Ali Akbar Izadifard Aliakbar jahani
        10.22034/ijrj.2020.675502
        Ibn Idris was the only jurist of the sixth century who was able to pave the way for the presentation of new ideas and the evolution of Shiite jurisprudence by criticizing the views of his predecessors, especially Sheikh Tusi, and in the field of ijtihad and jurisprudenc More
        Ibn Idris was the only jurist of the sixth century who was able to pave the way for the presentation of new ideas and the evolution of Shiite jurisprudence by criticizing the views of his predecessors, especially Sheikh Tusi, and in the field of ijtihad and jurisprudence he chose principles that gave his jurisprudence a special character. The book Al-Sara'ir Al-Hawi li-Tahrir al-Fatawi contains his fatwas and jurisprudential theories, some of which are notorious and contrary to the famous theories, but some of which are his own. Since the purpose of this study is to investigate the basics of and reasons behind Ibn Idris's differing opinions, examples of these views such as prayer in two suspicious clothes, vague confession, execution of the permissible limit, etc. have been explored. The descriptive-analytical method explains the basics, documents and their cause. Belief in the unreliability of the individualized hadith is one of the most important  principles of Ibn Idris, which on the one hand, due to his principles and on the other hand in terms of the temporal dimension of the evidence, has caused the actions of the people before him to be hidden from his vision. This has led to a lack of reliance on a large part of the hadiths of the infallibles, and as a result, the individuality and rarity of his views Manuscript profile
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        187 - A comparative study of the frequency and intensity of nosemosis based on individual and composite samples of live bees in the apiaries of the cities of East Azerbaijan province
        Abbas Imani Baran Gholamreza Hamidian
        10.30495/jvcp.2023.1964566.1376
        Due to the lack of an international standard method to determine the frequency, prevalence and intensity of nosemosis, the researchers are still using individual or composite sampling methods. This study was aimed to compare the frequency and intensity of nosemosis base More
        Due to the lack of an international standard method to determine the frequency, prevalence and intensity of nosemosis, the researchers are still using individual or composite sampling methods. This study was aimed to compare the frequency and intensity of nosemosis based on the above mentioned methods in the apiaries of East Azerbaijan province. To this end, 5 apiaries from 5 cities of East Azerbaijan province were randomly selected. Three hives from each apiary and 10 bees from each hive (equally from inside and outside) were sampled. To determine the frequency, the spore presence in the samples was evaluated. To determine the intensity, the spore count in one bee was calculated in the individual samples and mean spore count per bee in the composite samples. In both methods, 100% frequency was obtained for all samples. To compare infection intensity in both sampling methods, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used. To compare the results of two methods, generally, and also in each city, separately, independent T-test was used. In both methods, the highest intensity was related to samples from Tabriz (p<0.05). However, in the individual sampling method, the infection intensity in Osku samples was significantly lower (p<0.001). Also, in comparison of the two sampling methods, there was generally no statistical difference between the sampling methods and even in one city (p>0.05). In individual samples, overall, the intensity was higher in bees outside of the hive. Based on the average results, the intensity of nosemosis in composite samples was much higher than individual samples. Manuscript profile
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        188 - Assessment the Learning Organization Deployment in the Azarbaijan Regionalelectricity Company Based on Watkins & Marsick Model
        Mohammad Abbasgholizadeh جهانگیر یاری حاج عطالو Sadegh Maleki Avarsin
        10.30495/jinev.2022.1947955.2646
        The present study was conducted with the aim of assessing the learning organization and examining its deployment in the Azerbaijan Regional Electricity Company. The research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population is all the employees with 1307 people More
        The present study was conducted with the aim of assessing the learning organization and examining its deployment in the Azerbaijan Regional Electricity Company. The research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population is all the employees with 1307 people in three provinces (East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan and Ardabil). The statistical sample was determined through Morgan table with 297 people and selected by stratified random sampling. The instrument used in this study is the Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ) by Watkins& Marsick. The content and construct validity of this questionnaire also its reliability was confirmed. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS20 and Smart-PLS 3 software. The results showed that the learning organization and its components individual learning (create continuos learning opportunities and promote inquiry and dialogue), group learning (encouraging collaboration and team learning), organizational learning (creating systems to capture and sharing learning, empower people towards a collective insight, connect the organization to its environment, and provide strategic leadership for learning) was significantly lower than average and only the level of dialogue and research in the organization are intermediate. Also using structural equation modeling with the least Partial squares provided a model for the learning organization in order to evaluating its components relationship. The results showed that the model has a strong utility (GOF = 0.813). As a result, it achieves the goals and strategies of the Azerbaijan Regional Electrice Company in being a learning path. Manuscript profile
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        189 - An investigation of group and individual counseling effectiveness
        li naghi Aghadassi
        This study is to determine the extent of individual and group counseling effectiveness based on Reversal theory in decreasing athletes’ stress. The statistical population is 36 male and female national athletes’ teams in various athletic fields. The statisti More
        This study is to determine the extent of individual and group counseling effectiveness based on Reversal theory in decreasing athletes’ stress. The statistical population is 36 male and female national athletes’ teams in various athletic fields. The statistical sample size was randomly chosen consists of two experimental group and a control group. The variables include individual and group counseling. The reversal theory as independent variable and the extent of stress as dependent one. One group was exposed to individual counseling and the other got group counseling. Using the concepts, procedures and techniques that are emphasized by reversal theory, the two groups were examined. The control group did not get any counseling. The standard stress questionnaire of Lionel coudyron was implemented both before and after the experiment to determine the extent of stress of the subjects. The data were collected ad processed by statistical analysis of one and two way ANOVA, through repeated measurements, the T dependent and Tukey test was (P £ 0.05). The following results were obtained. There was a positive and significant effect of reversal theory both with individual and group counseling in decreasing national team’s athletes' stress (P£0.001). There was not significant difference in decreasing stress between individual and group counseling using reversal theory. In general, one can deduce that in order to decrease the national teams’ athletes’ stress, the individual and group counseling can be used. The reversal theory can also be used as one of the effective theories in individual and group counseling  Manuscript profile
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        190 - A study of factor structure, validity, reliability and normalization of learning organization dimension scale at the university
        Mohammad Ali Nadi Ilnaz Sajjadian
        The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric characteristics and normalization of learning organization dimensions scale. Out of the research population, 730 people (including 570 students and 160 faculty members). From Governmental universities in Isfahan More
        The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric characteristics and normalization of learning organization dimensions scale. Out of the research population, 730 people (including 570 students and 160 faculty members). From Governmental universities in Isfahan was chosen as the sample size. The sampling method was random multistage cluster. The questionnaire was made of learning organization, knowledge management and demographic scale. The results of factor analysis showed that more than 49.37% variance learning organization score was expressed by the scale. Based on the correlation among questions and factors, and after nine times varimax rotation three factors were extracted and named. Further more, learning organization concurrent validity and correlation between the scale and its subscales and among the subscales themselves, were from 0.56 to 0.85, three reliabilities (test retest 0.90, internal uniformity 0.96) were reported. According to the above results, it was concluded that LOD scale have a good psychometric characteristics for Iranian university population, and it can be used as a valid measure in higher education research. Manuscript profile
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        191 - The study of the vocational intermediate curriculum role in career empowerment of students of low intelligence
        Maryam Seifnaraghi Ali Shareatti Eazatollah Naderi Masomah ulsadat Abtahi
        The aim of the content study is to examine the vocational intermediate curriculum role in career empowerment of students of low intelligence. The statistical population included all administrative experts in exceptional education department curriculum, professionals of More
        The aim of the content study is to examine the vocational intermediate curriculum role in career empowerment of students of low intelligence. The statistical population included all administrative experts in exceptional education department curriculum, professionals of vocational intermediate level and teachers of the province (intermediate students of low-intelligence from whom 40, 80 and 93. students were selected as a statistical sample in simple random based on Cochran’s Formula. The study tools was researcher made questionnaire. The reliability was calculated on the basis of Crobach’s Alpha (=0.95) and validity was confirmed according to experienced teachers. Findings showed that contrary to administrative experts and curriculum expertise opinion, teachers who maintain the vocational curriculum of intermediate level has contributed less than expected to general experiences and skills, vocational intermediate level students’ career interests and preferences could not lead to graduates self-sufficiency as well as poor efficiency of the methods for above-mentioned students.   Manuscript profile
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        192 - Providing Exclusive Competency Model for University Faculty Members
        Manouchehr Karimi Seyedaliakbar Ahmadi
        10.30495/jinev.2021.683374
        The present research was accomplished to present a model for the exclusive competency among the university faculty members. The research is of applied nature using the descriptive-survey method. To determine the nature of the exclusive competency among the university fa More
        The present research was accomplished to present a model for the exclusive competency among the university faculty members. The research is of applied nature using the descriptive-survey method. To determine the nature of the exclusive competency among the university faculty members, the research used inductive content analysis by using 390 coded samples. Coding and stratifying of the samples were carried out in three phases, 69 main criteria having 12 components and 3 dimensions were defined and based on three-phased Delphi technique, 34 informed scientific and executive professors were selected. The criteria were evaluated by these samples and finally, 61 criteria, 6 elements and 2 dimensions with either slight or complete changes were determined. A questionnaire was extracted from the results and distributed among the university faculty members as well as managers and experts in the university education and a total of 108 analyzable questionnaires were obtained. The final research model was quantitatively assessed through confirmatory factor analysis and redundancy tests. The goodness-of-fit criterion for the final model was 0.683, which is regarded as a good value. In the final model, group, organizational and individual dimensions had factor loadings ​​of 0.942, 0.880 and 0.820, respectively, and all three coefficients were statistically significant. However, the group dimension was more important than the other two dimensions and the organizational dimension was the second most important. Manuscript profile
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        193 - A Model of Main Challenges of Tehran Municipal Employees Productivity Enhancement: A Case Study of the Department of Urban and Environmental Services
        Mehdi Rahmani Vladimir Harutyunyan Mehdi Mortazavi Ali RajabZadeh Qatari
        10.30495/qjopm.2019.668703
        Promoting productivity is an essential prerequisite for organizational survival in today's highly competitive and dynamic contexts.  Hence, a vital managerial task concerns the efficient use of resources that can guarantee achievement of goals and attainment of pre More
        Promoting productivity is an essential prerequisite for organizational survival in today's highly competitive and dynamic contexts.  Hence, a vital managerial task concerns the efficient use of resources that can guarantee achievement of goals and attainment of predicted outcomes. A necessary condition for improving sustainable productivity is identification and optimizing challenges and issues that are closely associated with organizational productivity. Therefore, the current exploratory, applied and mixed-method study presents a model of the main problems in improving productivity among employees in Tehran Municipality. Initially, the data obtained from structured interviews with 10 human resource management experts in the field were analyzed via Theme Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling and the effective factors were coded and categorized as a model. Further, the model was operationally tested quantitatively using the views of 384 managers and experts in the Department of Urban and Environmental Services of Tehran Municipality. To this end, the three-layer confirmatory factor analysis was undertaken using the PLS software. The results of the data analysis showed five main categories of factors effecting employee productivity including individual, managerial, organizational, cultural and technological factors. Any improvement in the productivity of human resources in this organization relies on prerequisite enhancement of status quo of these factors. Manuscript profile
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        194 - Studying the Effect of Individual Ambidexterity on the Performance of Health Care Workers: a Case Study of Shahrekord Medical Sciences University
        Somaye lalegani Alireza Koushkie Mirali Seyyadnaghavy
        10.30495/qjopm.2021.1926599.3119
        In this research, the effect of individual ambidexterity on high level performance of the medical staff of Sahrekord University of Medical Sciences was investigated. High level performance of employees includes three main dimensions of team performance, efficiency and e More
        In this research, the effect of individual ambidexterity on high level performance of the medical staff of Sahrekord University of Medical Sciences was investigated. High level performance of employees includes three main dimensions of team performance, efficiency and effectiveness of the department. The hidden dimensions of ambidexterity include exploration and exploitation. Past studies in the field of ambidexterity have mostly been conducted at organizational levels, but in the present study, there was an attempt to study the impact of ambidexterity at the level of individuals. In this research, we generally investigated the relationship between individual ambidexterity and employee performance, seeking to answer whether individual ambidexterity influences the performance, efficiency and effectiveness of organizational units. In order to answer the research questions, 260 questionnaires were sent to the medical staff of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. The data were gathered and analyzed using statistical methods and structural equation modeling based on the least squares method. It was found that individual ambidexterity had a positive influence on employee performance and that there was a significant relationship between individual ambidexterity and the efficiency and effectiveness of the department Manuscript profile
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        195 - The Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence in the Relationship between the Stress Caused by Covid-19 and Productivity of South Khorasan Gas Company’s Employees
        Samira Pour Negar Kargar Mehdi Rashidi
        10.30495/qjopm.2022.1965510.3428
        The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the stress caused by Covid 19 on individual performance with a mediating role of emotional intelligence. The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive-correlational research More
        The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the stress caused by Covid 19 on individual performance with a mediating role of emotional intelligence. The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive-correlational research in terms of data collection procedure. This research was conducted among 250 employees of South Khorasan Gas Company. Using Cochran's formula, the number of sample size was 152 people who were selected by simple random sampling procedure. The required data was gathered using standard questionnaires; for the questions related to the stress caused by Covid-19 Thorsen et al.'s questionnaire (2010), for the questions related to individual performance the Romas Villagrasa questionnaire (2019), and for the questions related to emotional intelligence the Weng and Lau questionnaire (2002) were used. In addition to using standard questionnaires, the face validity of the data collection instrument was approved by the relevant experts. Moreover, the reliability of the final questionnaire, measured by Cronbach's alpha, was reported to be 0.805 and favorable. The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software and the hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. The results of the data analysis showed that the stress caused by Covid-19 has a negative effect on the personal performance of employees and their emotional intelligence. Additionally, it was found that emotional intelligence has a positive significant effect on the employees’ individual performance and that their emotional intelligence has a mediating role in the relationship between the stress caused by Covid-19 and their individual performance. Manuscript profile
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        196 - Providing an Effective Model for Optimum Performance of the Islamic Councils of Cities (Case study of Tabriz Islamic City Council)
        Gholamreza Memarzadeh Tehran Nader Bohlouli
        The present article primarily provides an effective model for optimum performance of the Islamic councils of cities according to fuzzy theory. In this dissertation, the Islamic councils of cities have been supposed as an open organizational system which has four main ac More
        The present article primarily provides an effective model for optimum performance of the Islamic councils of cities according to fuzzy theory. In this dissertation, the Islamic councils of cities have been supposed as an open organizational system which has four main activities as follows: intra-organizational, inter-organizational, extra-organizational and individual activities. In fact, the proposed model is an optimized  proportion of these  activities which maximizes the satisfaction of council beneficiaries (clients as direct  recipients of services and society as indirect receiver of services).(Of course the 4th activity has been assumed as the research limitation, so it has not been studied). In the proposed Model, at first a fuzzy system has been offered  for acquiring the favorable satisfaction  of council beneficiaries (outputs) on the basis of the types of activities and  their combination (inputs); then different  types of city Islamic councils' functions have been considered using different tools for gathering the information of Tabriz Islamic Council according to the available theoretical framework  and conforming to diverse activities mentioned before have been estimated in the form of the rate of concentration upon activities and satisfaction of clients of the councils. At the end of the present dissertation, on the basis of the optimized model and the real function of the council, the gap between available and ideal situation has been figured out, and finally, suitable suggestions have been offered for the improvement of the existing conditions. Manuscript profile
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        197 - Investigating Barriers to the Promotion of Productivity In Public Sector
        Samad Alye Alireza Bafande Zende
        This paper aims to identify the barriers of improving the productivity in public sector. According to the theoretical studies and the interviews with several senior managers of public sector, 28 items were detected as the obstacles of improving the productivity in publi More
        This paper aims to identify the barriers of improving the productivity in public sector. According to the theoretical studies and the interviews with several senior managers of public sector, 28 items were detected as the obstacles of improving the productivity in public sector. These items were classified under three categories of environmental, organizational and individual barriers based on Ammons’ studies. Then a questionnaire was developed in order to reveal the views of managers in public sector about the influence of each item on productivity. The findings show that the public sector is faced with numerous barriers in improving productivity, a major part of which is related to personality, attitude and leadership skills of the public sector managers. The other part of it relates to the internal and environmental problems such as lack of a proper appraisal system, tendency to keep the status quo and extreme conservatism, lack of accountability system, lack of cost accounting systems, the political pressures that influence decisions, low importance of the issue of productivity compared with the political interests, shortage of analyst staff, lack of competitive market pressures, and the complex process of bureaucracy. Manuscript profile
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        198 - The Influence of the Emotional Intelligence of Academic staff Members on their Educational Performance: Individual Competencies Approach
        Mahmoud Nouraee
        In the recent years, the widespread interest in the relationship between emotional intelligence and performance has led to the development of a substantial body of literature. In spite of this ongoing attention, the subject of emotional intelligence and performance is s More
        In the recent years, the widespread interest in the relationship between emotional intelligence and performance has led to the development of a substantial body of literature. In spite of this ongoing attention, the subject of emotional intelligence and performance is still in a contradictory and controversial phase. Thus, a need remains for the development and testing of hypotheses relating the different dimensions of the emotional intelligence to performance. The goal of this research was to extend prior work on individual competencies and performance and investigate the possible relationship between academic staff members’ competencies (self awareness and self management) and their educational performance and to determine the role of their working life quality as an intervening variable. The results based on 930 questionnaire responses collected from 72 universities in a field study indicate that the extent of educational performance is positively and significantly associated with their self awareness and self management. Besides, the quality of the university working life interferes with the relationship between these variables.  Manuscript profile
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        199 - Investigating the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Innovation among the administrators of the Private Sector and Governmental Organizations of Tehran
        Sanjar Salajegheh amin nikpour Somayyeh Nobari Aidisheh
        The complex and modern organizations must be organized on the basis of new thoughts and they must have exploratory and innovative characteristic in order to continue their existence and their qualitative and quantitative growth and development and to emphasize modern me More
        The complex and modern organizations must be organized on the basis of new thoughts and they must have exploratory and innovative characteristic in order to continue their existence and their qualitative and quantitative growth and development and to emphasize modern methods. The goal of this research is to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational innovation among the administrators of governmental organizations and the administrators of private sector of Tehran. The statistical population of the research includes the administrators of the governmental organizations of Tehran, the managers of private banks, and those of commercial firms. About One hundred persons of each group attended as the research sample, who had been selected by cluster sampling method. The questionnaire of emotional intelligence (bar-on) and organizational innovation was applied to collect data. Descriptive and deductive statistics was used in order to analyze the data. The results are indicative of the existence of relationship between the subscales of daring, taking responsibility, resolving problems, flexibility, tolerating stress, taking independence, controlling shocks, self-actualization, inter-personal relationships, empathy, and the organizational innovation. But the existence of meaningful relationship in the subscales of realism and optimism, and the organizational innovation hasn’t been reported.   Manuscript profile
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        200 - A Study of effect of Individual and Organizational Factors on the Performance of the Accountants in State Organizations of West Azarbaijan Province
        Karamollah Daneshfard Parvaneh safari
        Performance is one of the issues that the organizations encounter. In this regard, improvement of the performance of the organization is always one of the main concerns of administrators of organizations. In this research, we have selected the individual and organizatio More
        Performance is one of the issues that the organizations encounter. In this regard, improvement of the performance of the organization is always one of the main concerns of administrators of organizations. In this research, we have selected the individual and organizational factors from among the elements which affect the performance. For this purpose, the models which have been used include the model of constructional dimensions of Richard L. Daft as well as Herseyand Goldsmith’s ACHIEVE model. Regarding the importance of the supervising role of the accountants in controlling the expenses and keeping the state properties, in this research we are going to analyze the effect of individual and organizational factors on the job performance of the accountants in the state organizations of West Azerbaijan Province. Our statistical population includes the accountants and the employees of the financial control departments in provincial offices of West Azerbaijan and also the auditors of the Court of Audit, totalling 120 people. The sample size is92 based on Morgan table. Since this research is of correlational type, we used Spearman test to examine the hypotheses. The results showed that each of the individual and organizational factors has a positive effect on the performance of the accountants; this means that the performance of the accountants is mostly affected by individual and organizational factors.  Manuscript profile
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        201 - بررسی میزان گرایش به مصرف انواع موسیقی در بین جوانان شهر زنجان
        افسون خلیفه ماجده قلی پور سیده زهرا میرمحمدرضایی سکینه ندرلو
        بررسی میزان گرایش به مصرف انواع موسیقی در بین جوانان شهر زنجان * افسون خلیفه [1] ماجده قلی­پور2 سیده زهرا میر محمد رضایی 3                                سکینه ندرلو4 چکیده دلایل متعددی برای مطالعه مصرف موسیقی و فعالیت موسیقیایی More
        بررسی میزان گرایش به مصرف انواع موسیقی در بین جوانان شهر زنجان * افسون خلیفه [1] ماجده قلی­پور2 سیده زهرا میر محمد رضایی 3                                سکینه ندرلو4 چکیده دلایل متعددی برای مطالعه مصرف موسیقی و فعالیت موسیقیایی وجود دارد، موسیقی بخشی از فعالیت هنری انسان است. شاید بیش از هر محصول هنری دیگری آدمیان در زندگی روزمره خود در معرض شنیدن موسیقی هستند. بنابر لزوم پرداختن به موسیقی به عنوان بخشی از هویت انسانی در صدد برآمدیم به بررسی میزان مصرف انواع موسیقی در بین جوانان شهر زنجان با تکیه بر چهار فرضیه سبک زندگی فرهنگی، ارضای نیازها، عوامل جامعه­پذیری و عوامل فردی به عنوان عوامل تأثیرگذار بر مصرف انواع موسیقی بپردازیم. جامعه آماری تحقیق عبارت است از جوانان شهر زنجان که بر اساس فرمول کوکران حجم نمونه ای با تعداد 268 نفر بدست آمد و پرسشنامه­ها  به صورت تصادفی ساده در مناطق سه­گانه شهر(بالای شهر، مرکز شهر  و پایین شهر) توزیع گردید. بر اساس یافته­های تحقیق می­توان نتیجه گرفت که از بین عوامل فردی از نظر وضعیت تأهل، افراد متأهل؛ از نظر وضعیت  اشتغال افراد شاغل در بخش خصوصی، از نظر مسکن افراد دارای مسکن شخصی و از نظر منطقه سکونت افراد ساکن در مناطق بالای شهر  با متغیر وابسته (گرایش به موسیقی) ارتباط بیشتری داشته و از بین متغیرهای مستقل (سبک زندگی، ارضای نیازها و عوامل جامعه­پذیری) بیشترین هبستگی مربوط به متغیر ارضای نیازها و سپس عوامل جامعه­پذیری و سبک زندگی می­باشد و آنچنانکه از نتایج توصیفی تحقیق بر می‌آید بیشترین میزان گرایش مربوط به موسیقی سنتی و کمترین میزان گرایش مربوط به موسیقی راک زیر زمینی می­باشد.          کلید واژه: موسیقی، سبک زندگی، ارضای نیازها، عوامل جامعه­پذیری، عوامل فردی، جوانان. 1-مقدمه و بیان مسأله موسیقی برخلاف آنچه معمولاً تصور می‌شود منحصر به سرگرمی و شادی افراد نیست، بلکه مجموعه وسیعی از معانی را در بر می‌گیرد که می‌تواند انعکاس‌دهنده وضعیت زندگی یک جامعه یا یک گروه باشد. در واقع لایه‏های گسترده‌ای از معانی و مفاهیم پنهان، در موسیقی وجود دارند که می‌توانند نشان‌دهنده سبک‌های مختلف زندگی باشند. به‌ قول آلن لمکس سبک ترانه‌های محبوب هر فرهنگ بازتاب‌دهنده و تقویت‌کننده آن نوع رفتاری است که در تلاش­های عمده آن فرهنگ برای بقا و در نهاد اجتماعی مرکزی و کنترل‌کننده آن نقش اساسی دارد (لمکس، 1968 :133). موسیقی در سطح کنش‌های اجتماعی در کنش‏هایی چون قدرت اجتماعی، مبارزه طبقاتی و مانند آن منعکس می­شود.  موسیقی‏ای که طبقه فرادست گوش می‌دهند، موسیقی‏ای که طبقه فرودست بیشتر مصرف می‌کنند و معانی صریح و ضمنی موسیقی‌ها و مصرف آنها، خود در جدایی طبقات، تمایز آنها، مبارزه طبقاتی یا روابط آنها مؤثر است. مبارزه طبقاتی و نسلی نیز می‌تواند خودش را در موسیقی نشان دهد (کوثری،1386: 14). همین‏طور، موسیقی دارای کارکردهای گسترده‏ای است. در موقعیت‏های مختلف و متفاوت موسیقی استفاده  می‌شود، می‌توان گفت که تجربه روزمره زندگی انسان با موسیقی در حال شکل‏گیری است. هیچ هنر دیگری به این اندازه در تمام حالات و موقعیت‌های مختلف مصرف ندارد (نتل، 1382: 39؛ فاطمی، 1385: 65). در حالی‌که موسیقی مشخصه مشترک تمام جوامع است، ولی کارکردهای آن لزوماً در تمام جوامع یکسان نیست، بعلاوه در جوامع مختلف، در دوره‏های مختلف و بر حسب گروه‌های مختلف نیز توجه و مصرف موسیقایی لزوماً از قاعده یکسان و مشابهی تبعیت نمی‏کند. با وجود برخی مشخصه‏هایی که درباره موسیقی و مصرف آن گفته شد، مسأله در خصوص ایرانیان به گونه متفاوتی مطرح است! چراکه افراد در این کشور چنانچه نتل نیز بدان اشاره می‌کند: «به موسیقی‏های متفاوتی در لوح‌های فشرده موسیقی گوش می‌دهند که آهنگ‏های متفاوت از سبک‌های گوناگون در آن وجود دارند، به طوری‌ که به هیچ‌وجه نمی­توان تشخیص داد که این افراد به چه نوع موسیقی علاقمندند و به تعبیری علت مصرف آنان چیست؟» (نتل، 1382: 19). به همین دلیل  می­توان گفت وضعیت موسیقی در ایران بسیار پیچیده و ارزیابی آن نیز دشوار است (کوثری، 1386: 105). انواع موسیقی که در سال‌های اخیر در میان جوانان مورد استقبال قرار گرفته‏اند، وضعیت حساس‏تری را به خود اختصاص داده است. برای نمونه جنجالی شدن برخی سبک‏های موسیقی، ترانه‌های مختلف، خواننده‌ها، گسترش شبکه‌های قاچاق موسیقی و تکثیر لوح‌های فشرده موسیقی جنجالی در سال‌های اخیر در جامعه، نمونه‌ای از این نوع حساسیت‌هاست. رواج گروه‌های موسیقی چون رپ خوان‌ها در بازار موسیقی که بیشتر مورد مصرف جوانان هستند، نمونه دیگری از حساسیت و اهمیت موضوع است. این در حالی است که می‌توان گفت ایران یکی از خاستگاه‌های موسیقی در جهان بوده است (مشحون، 1380: 33). در بیشتر پژوهش‌های اجتماعی که درباره مصرف‏کنندگان هنر و فعالان کارهای هنری انجام شده، به ویژگی‌های اقتصادی- اجتماعی، طبقه‌ای یا مشخصات جمعیت شناختی افراد توجه شده است.  برای نمونه، دیدگاه‌های بوردیو و پیترسون نماد چنین رویکردی هستند که این ویژگی‏ها را به منش افراد مرتبط می‏کنند. این منش‏ها شکل‌دهنده سبک زندگی با ارایه برنامه پژوهشی جدید، روایت تازه‌ای از مفاهیم زندگی روزمره و اوقات فراغت و مصرف هستند و یا به عبارت دیگر، ‌جنبه‌های عملی زندگی را بیان می‌کنند. در حقیقت با چرخش تحلیل اجتماعی از فعالیت تولیدی به سمت فعالیت مصرفی، شالوده‌ تفاوت‌های اجتماعی توسط مفهوم سبک زندگی، تغییر کرده است. این تغییر از چند جهت نظیر رشد مصرف و فرهنگ مصرف‌گرایی و دگرگون­شدن اوقات فراغت و فعالیت‌های غیرتولیدی می‌تواند مورد بحث قرار گیرد. از این‌رو، با عنایت به نظریه بوردیو در خصوص مصرف موسیقایی جوانان می‌توان گفت که گسترش سبک‏های متفاوت موسیقی، به‌دلیل وجود منش‌های متفاوتی است که در بین این گروه شکل گرفته و به نوعی آنان را به سمت موسیقی‌های مختلف سوق داده است. این پژوهش در پی بررسی علل گرایش جوانان به موسیقی و نوع خاصی از آن و به گونه‌ای اخص‏تر به دنبال جواب به این پرسش است که آیا بین پایگاه اقتصادی و اجتماعی، جنسیت، ارضاء نیازهای فرهنگی و عوامل جامعه­پذیری  در بین جوانان و مصرف موسیقی آنان رابطه وجود دارد؟ آیا سبک‏های مصرفی تابع قاعده‌ای خاص نیستند؟ 2-پیشینه تجربی پژوهش فاضلی(1384) در مطالعه‌ای تحت عنوان «جامعه‌شناسی مصرف موسیقی» در تهران، درصدد دستیابی به این است که چه عواملی نوع و میزان مصرف فرهنگی مردم را تعیین می‌کنند، چرا که امروزه نقش مصرف در خلق هویت‌ها و همچنین اقتصاد فرهنگ بسیار مهم است. او برای بررسی این مسأله از نظریه‌ی تحلیل طبقاتی بوردیو استفاده کرده و دو متغیر کلیدی طبقه‌ی اجتماعی و سرمایه‌ی فرهنگی را برای تبیین مصرف موسیقی در نظر گرفته است. نتایج تحلیل نشان داده که علی‌رغم تأییدشدن تمایز طبقاتی در مصرف موسیقی، تبیین‌کنندگی کم و همچنین ضرایب همبستگی اندک مشاهده­شده در اغلب آزمون‌ها، لزوم بازنگری در نظریه‌ی طبقاتی مصرف فرهنگی را خاطر نشان می‌سازد. او نتیجه می‌گیرد که برای بررسی مصرف موسیقی علاوه بر اتکا به نظریه‌های طبقاتی باید به دیگر متغیرها و شرایط خاص هر جامعه نیز توجه کرد. ام­لیلا کریمی(1383) در تحقیقی تحت عنوان نشانه­شناسی ترانه‌های موسیقی پاپ با نظر بر تحول فرهنگی ایران در دهه 70 از روش نشانه‌شناسی سوسور استفاده نموده، ضمن این که برای نشان دادن تحولات فرهنگی در ایران در دهه 70 نیز از نظریه تحول ارزشی و فرهنگی اینگلهارت استفاده نموده است. این کار تحقیقی تنها در مورد ترانه‌های سروده شده توسط نیلوفر لاری­پور با صدای شادمهر عقیلی به اجرا در آمده است. مژگان مقتدر سنگسری(1378) در پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد خو تحت عنوان «جامعه­شناسی موسیقی بررسی مقولات اجتماعی در موسیقی ایران» بحث از ریشه‌یابی مقولات اجتماعی در موسیقی ایران را در دستور کار خود قرار داد.موضوعاتی چون پویایی شؤون اجتماعی(مناسبات موسیقی هنر و دیگر تجلیلات نظری جامعه) پویایی طبقاتی هنرمند (آمیختگی طبقات جامعه تأثیر هنر دوران و مخاطبین هنرها پویایی شخصیت هنرمند (پایگاه اجتماعی بینش اجتماعی) هنرمند را از طریق روش کمی و یا نظرسنجی از صد نفر نمونه بررسی نموده است. حولوری(؟) در تحقیق خود تحت عنوان «موسیقی تلویزیون و انواع فرهنگ جوانان در هند» به موسیقی که جوانان هندی تا قبل از دهه 90 میلادی به آن گوش می‌دادند اشاره کرده و اعتقاد دارد قبلاً موسیقی‌ها به نوعی در دست کمپانی‌های مخصوص بوده و آنها دروازه‌بان موسیقی بودند. از دهه 90 به این سو به دلیل بوجود آمدن فضاهای جهانی این دروازه‌بانی حذف گردید. برونو نتل(1382) محقق انسان شناسی موسیقی و استاد دانشگاه ایلینوی است وی متخصص سرخ‌پوستان آمریکا و ایران و صاحب کتب و مقالات مختلفی در این زمینه‌ می‌باشد. کار تحقیقی وی با عنوان نقش فرهنگ در موسیقی، ایران ملتی تازه توسعه، منتشر شده است. 3-مبانی نظری 3-1- تئوری­های مرتبط با جامعه شناسی هنر وموسیقی بنیان‌گذاران جامعه‌شناسی که به عنوان پدران این علم محسوب می‌شوند مسأله هنر را بیشتر در حاشیه کار خود در نظر می‌گرفتند. امیل دورکیم مادامی به هنر کار داشت که آن را در پیوند با دین بتواند مطالعه کند. نظریه هگل در مورد هنر دو جنبه دارد. اول اینکه وی در مورد هنر گذشته صحبت می‌کند، ثانیاً فلسفه هنر را ابزار علمی فهم طبیعت هنر می‌داند. هگل (1979) معتقد است که هدف هنر، غایتی در خود هنر است. در این ارتباط هگل این توصیه را که هنر یک «رابطه بین عقل و احساس، بین تمایل و وظیفه» است که این عناصر متناقض را با هم آشتی می‌دهد، مورد انتقاد قرار می‌دهد. وی ادامه می‌دهد که این حوزه‌ها قابل جمع نیستند زیرا آنها مفاهیمی ناب و کاملاً جدا از هم هستند، همچنین هنر نیز با به عهده گرفتن چنین وظیفه‌ای ارزشمند‌تر نمی‌شود. بررسی تاریخچه تکاملی علم موسیقی ـ که جامعه­شناسی موسیقی نیز در این میان تکامل یافته ـ حاکی از آن است که جامعه شناسان در ابتدا کمتر به موسیقی پرداخته­اند.فوکس معتقد است نمی­توان کتمان کرد که موسیقی محصول و زاییده نوع انسان است یعنی هرجا که او پا گذاشته موسیقی پدید آمده است. در شرایط اجتماعی نوین معدود نقاطی وجود دارد که موسیقی به آن راه نیافته باشد و کمتر زمان­هایی است که هیچ اثر موسیقایی در آن پدید نیامده باشد (فوکس، ۱۹۹۲: ۶۷). بنابراین با ارائه این تعریف و تعاریف مشابه ای از این دست می توان ادعا کرد که موسیقی بی تردید عملکردی اجتماعی دارد. به اعتقاد والتر زرواکی هدف اصلی جامعه شناسی موسیقی این است که موسیقی در چه شرایط اجتماعی و فرهنگی پدید می آید(زرواکی، ۱۹۸۳: ۳۷). این تعریف بسیار کلی است زیرا در اکثر موارد نمی توان شرایط فرهنگی را با قطعیت روشن ساخت و تنها در صورتی می توان گفت که موسیقی در چه شرایط فرهنگی پدید آمده (البته اگر ممکن باشد) که جامعه شناسی موسیقی در ارتباطی تنگاتنگ با سایر شاخه های فرهنگ شناسانه قرار بگیرد. در هر حال زرواکی جامعه شناسی موسیقی را تنها به عنوان علم کمکی مهم موسیقی می شمارد و نه به عنوان یک مقوله مستقل (زرواکی، ۱۹۸۳: ۳۸). کورت بلوکوپف بر خلاف زرواکی دامنه وظایف جامعه شناسی را محدودتر ساخته و اظهار می دارد که جامعه شناسی موسیقی اعمال موسیقایی را به مثابه رفتاری اجتماعی در نظر می گیرد تا در پرتو آن بتواند روند شکل یابی اعمال موسیقایی را تشریح کند. کنت اولین شخصی بود که نظری جامعه شناسانه به موسیقی افکند.یکی از نظریات اساسی کنت این بود که جامعه سه مرحله تئولوژیک (خداشناسی)، متافیزیک و اثبات گرایی را طی کرده است که با ظهور مرحله اثبات گرایی تاریخ تکامل بشر پایان یافته تلقی شده است. کنت به موازات آن به هنرهای دیگر همچنین موسیقی نیز نظر افکند. او نموداری برای هنر رسم کرد که شعر در رأس آن، سپس موسیقی و پس از آن سایر هنرها در پلکان بعدی قرار گرفتند. او به هنر تنها به منظور پی­ریزی افکارش نظر افکند. با فرض صحیح بودن تئوری تکامل کنت پس روشن می شود که بشریت و هنر (موسیقی) بعد از ظهور رئالیسم ـ قرن نوزدهم ـ دیگر تکامل نیافتند. البته تئوری وی به سرعت مورد نقد قرار گرفت: «کنت بدون شک مرحله سوم ـ اثبات گرایی ـ را مرحله نهایی تکامل بشر برشمرد» (دورکهایم، ۱۹۷۰ : ۱۹۹). اسپنسر قانون پیشرفت همگن به ناهمگن را مطرح می کند و در حقیقت اذعان می دارد که همگنی همیشه از ناهمگنی حاصل می شود. اسپنسر این قانون خود را به تمام اجتماعات غیر ارگانیک، ارگانیک و فرا ارگانیک تعمیم می دهد. او که مدعی سرسخت قانون خویش است تلاش می کند آن را با ارائه مثال­هایی مدلل سازد، او با استفاده از هنر و همچنین موسیقی نظریه خود را متصور می سازد. «رقص، شعر و موسیقی که احتمالاً در ابتدا حوزه ای واحد بوده اند با گذشت زمان به حوزه های مجزایی بدل شده اند» (بلوکوپف،1996: 25). اسپنسر همواره تفاوتهایی را میان این حوزه ها (به طور مثال هنر) قائل می‌شود و البته این تئوری وی دست کم در مورد موسیقی صدق می کند، با تکامل یافتن سبک­های مجزای موسیقی این تفاوتها آشکارتر می گردد. قانون معتبر و جهان شمول اسپنسر به راحتی مورد ظن قرار می‌گیرد اما در هر حال دیدگاه های مهمی را برای مبحث جامعه شناسی موسیقی ارائه می‌کند (بلوکوپف، 1996: 29). کمباریو اولین کسی بود که آثار موسیقایی را به کمک روش­های جامعه­شناسانه مورد تحلیل قرار داد. البته نظریات وی نقص­هایی داشت که بعدها توسط تئودور آدورنو تکامل یافت(مولر، ۱۹۹۰: ۹۹). او سه راه کلی برای تجزیه و تحلیل یک اثر موسیقایی پیشنهاد کرد: ۱) گنجاندن ویژگی­های اجتماعی در اثر موسیقایی بنا بر موقعیت تاریخی آن. این شیوه بر پایه تفکرات تین استوار است و کمباریو در تحقیقاتش از آن بهره جست. ۲) همسو کردن ویژگی­های ساختاری کمپوزیسیون با ویژگی­های الگویی جامعه ـ زمان خلق اثر. ۳) بررسی تأثیرات متفاوت یک اثر در مراحل متفاوت تاریخ موسیقی و تحلیل مشکلات آن و سپس بررسی نظریه های متفاوت در یک اثر. این روش بر پایه این تئوری استوار است که بیان می دارد یک اثر همواره بر سلیقه همگانی نیز تأثیر گذار است و آن را توسعه می بخشد.(بلوکوپف، ۱۹۹۶: ۱۰۷). 3-2- تئوری­های مرتبط با سبک زندگی تئوری سبک زندگی گیدنز: به تدریج مفهوم سبک زندگی در تنازع میان شواهدی از کم رنگ شدن الگوهای تبیین طبقاتی و تقویت دایره اختیار افراد در گزینش شیوه های زندگی نضج گرفت این تنازع در برداشت آنتونی گیدنز از مفهوم سبک زندگی به خوبی آشکار می‌شود. به اعتقاد وی فرد در زندگی روزمره با تنوع گسترده‌ای از انتخاب‌ها روبه‌روست. این تنوع زیاد امنیت هستی شناختی را با مشکل مواجه می‌سازد. از همین‌رو افراد برای آنکه مجبور نباشند در هر لحظه تصمیمی اتخاذ کنند، مجموعه‌ای از انتخاب‌ها را به صورت الگومند پذیرا می‌شوند. البته نباید تصور کرد که پذیراشدن این الگو یک سره فرآیندی آگاهانه یا صرفاً ناخودآگاه است. این مجموعه الگومند، راهنمایی برای کنش می‌شود و فرد را از این معضل که در هر لحظه مجبور به تصمیم‌گیری آگاهانه باشد می‌رهاند. هر سبک زندگی «... مستلزم مجموعه‌ای از عادت‌ها و جهت‌گیری­ها و بنابراین برخوردار از نوعی وحدت است که علاوه بر اهمیت خاص خود از نظر تداوم امنیت وجودی پیوند بین گزینش‌های فرعی موجود در یک الگوی کم و بینش منظم را نیز تأمین می‌کند» (گیدنز، 1378: 121). تئوری سبک زندگی بوردیو: درک سهم بوردیو در بحث سبک زندگی نیازمند شناخت شبکه مفاهیمی است که به کار می‌گیرد. در کنار مفاهیم عمده‌ای که وی از آنها استفاده می‌کند، باید فرضیه مشهور سرمایه فرهنگی و بازتولید فرهنگی را هم که وی به طور جدی ساخته و پرداخته کرده، بررسی کرد. فرضیه سرمایه فرهنگی و بازتولید فرهنگی و طبقاتی در دل شبکه مفاهیم وی، نظریه‌ای برای تبیین ذائقه‌های مصرف فرهنگی ایجاد می‌کند. هفت مفهوم محوری اندیشه بوردیو میدان، سرمایه، منش عمل، نماد، طبقه و ذائقه هستند. (بوردیو، 1384) در نظر بوردیو، شیوه‌های مختلف تملک سرمایه در درون هر طبقه، موجد ذوق و ذائقه متفاوتی است. اگرچه ظاهراً ذائقه‌ها به صورت مستقل و در فضای اجتماعی سنجش می‌شوند، اما محصول منش‌هایی هستند که ماهیت طبقاتی دارند. ذائقه‌ها صرفاً مقولاتی زیباشناختی نیستند، بلکه درک کردن محصولاتی که سنجش ذائقه‌ها بر مبنای آنها صورت می‌گیرد، مستلزم مسلط شدن بر مجموعه‌ای از رمزهای نمادین و پرورش فرهنگی است که به ترکیب سرمایه‌ها در جایگاه‌های طبقاتی بستگی دارد. از همین جاست که بحث درباره سرمایه فرهنگی را می‌توان به کانون نظریه بوردیو درباره سبک زندگی منتقل کرد. به عبارتی، ذائقه به پی آمد ترکیب سرمایه‌ها در جایگاه‌های طبقاتی تبدیل می‌شود و در بحث سبک زندگی و به ویژه زندگی فرهنگی، سرمایه فرهنگی به عنوان تبیین‌کننده ذائقه مصرف فرهنگی افراد مطرح می‌شود. سرمایه فرهنگی طبقاتی، ذائقه‌هایی را در افراد شکل می‌دهد و افراد از همین ذائقه‌ها برای ایجاد تمایز و همچنین منازعه بر سر مشروعیت و قدرت فرهنگی و همچنین تبدیل کردن سرمایه فرهنگی خود به سرمایه اجتماعی و سرمایه اقتصادی استفاده می‌کنند (فاضلی،1382: 46). 4-چارچوب نظری در این پژوهش به منظور ارائه چهارچوب تئوریکی پس از ذکر مطالبی پیرامون تاریخچه موسیقی در ایران و اروپا و تعاریف مفهومی این متغیر به دیدگاه­های  نظریه پردازانی در این زمینه پرداخته  شد  در سنت نظریه جامعه­شناختی هفت نسل پژوهش درباره جامعه­شناسی موسیقی وجود دارد که هر نسل از زاویه و با روش متفاوتی به بررسی تولید یا مصرف موسیقی پرداخته است. از ابتدای دهه 1970 میلادی سنت پژوهش­های کمی نسل پنجم- درباره موسیقی آغاز می­شود. پیر بوردیو تاثیرگذارترین متفکر این جریانست وی با طرح مفاهیمی نظیر سبک زندگی، سرمایه فرهنگی، بازتولید طبقاتی و مهمتر از همه تمایز موج جدیدی از پژوهش در حوزه مصرف فرهنگی را آغاز کرد(فاضلی،1382: 46).  دی نورا معتقد است این شکل از پژوهش­های اجتماعی در باره موسیقی که بررسی ارتباطات میان مصرف موسیقی، ذائقه­های فرهنگی و پایگاه­های اجتماعی افراد را مدنظر دارد شکل غالب جامعه­شناسی موسیقی بوده است این موج از پژوهش جامعه­شناختی درباره مصرف فرهنگی و بالأخص مصرف موسیقی تمایزات طبقاتی در مصرف فرهنگی تبیین شکل­گیری ذائقه­های فرهنگی و مصرف به قصد ایجاد تمایز و نشان دادن مرزهای طبقاتی اصلی ترین مقولات پژوهشی هستند. بعدها این سنت در کارهای کسانی چون پاول دی مگیو و ریچارد پیترسون ادامه می­یابد. مطابق فرضیه پیترسون افراد دارای پایگاه اقتصادی و اجتماعی بالاتر از ژانرهای موسیقیای متنوع تری استفاده می کنند بنابراین در این صورت باید همبستگی مثبتی میان پایگاه اقتصادی–اجتماعی افراد و نوع موسیقی مورد مصرف آنها وجود داشته باشد(Peterson & Ker, 1996). تیمی رایس 3 عامل را در شکل­گیری و تغییر و تحول فرهنگ موسیقیایی مؤثر می­داند: 1- پشتوانه تاریخی 2- نیروهای مؤثر در تثبیت تعدیل یا تغییر عوامل فرهنگی 3- قدرت خلاقه و تجربیات شخصی موسیقیدان رایس مطالعه ریشه­های تاریخی اشکال مختلف موسیقیایی فعلی و روند تغییرات آن را بسیار مهم می داند. از نظر او نیروهای اجتماعی نهادها سیستم باورها در تثبیت یا تغییر فرهنگ موسیقیایی نقش مهمی بازی می کند.وی شرایط زیست محیطی اقتصادی سیاسی و اجتماعی را از عوامل عمده تأثیرگذار در نحوه شکل­گیری فرهنگ موسیقی می­داند(فاطمی، 1378: 145). اما از آنجایی که این پژوهش بررسی گرایش جوانان شهر زنجان به مصرف انواع موسیقی بود در نهایت از تئوری گرایش فیش باین و آیزن استفاده شد. به نظر این دو نظریه­پرداز، رفتار در پی زنجیره­ای از عوامل به وجود می­آید. حلقه ما قبل بروز رفتار(قصد ونیت) برای انجام یک رفتار بارفتار بالقوه است. بوجودآمدن قصد و نیت به  نوبه خود، تابع دو متغیر دیگر است: 1- گرایش به سوی آن رفتار        2- هنجارذهنی متغیر گرایش به رفتاری خاص یک متغیر فردی و شخصی است که طی آن، فرد انجام یک رفتار (یا یک پدیده) را از نظر خودش ارزیابی می‌کند که آیا خوب است یابد. عنصر دوم نظریه مزبور یعنی هنجارهای ذهنی- حاوی عنصر اجتماعی است، یعنی: اعتقادات شخص درباره طرز تفکر دیگران درمورد اعمالی که انجام می‌دهند. به عبارت دیگر متغیر هنجار ذهنی منعکس‌کننده نفوذ و فشار اجتماعی است که شخص آن را برای انجام کاری (رفتاری) احساس و ادراک می کند. در این نظریه گرایش به نوبه خود، تابع دو عامل «انتظار فایده»  و«ارزیابی فایده»  درنظرگرفته شده است. «انتظارفایده» به معنای آن است که یک شخص تاچه حد از یک پدیده انتظارفایده دارد. "ارزیابی فایده " یعنی: شخص ارزیابی می‌کند که آیا آن پدیده به نظر او فایده داشته است (یا دارد) یاخیر. اما در این پژوهش، گرایش هسته اصلی مطالعه و متغیر است و سایر متغیرها می توانند در صورت لزوم و فقط تا آن جا که برای اهداف تحقیق و تبیین گرایش نسبت به موسیقی مفید می باشند، مورد استفاده قرارگیرند. لذا دراین تحقیق از نظریه مزبور تنها هنجار ذهنی به عنوان متغیر مستقل و مؤثر بر گرایش استخراج گردید(رفیع­پور، 1372: 11 به نقل از قمریان، 1382: 11-12). نظریه میدانی کورت لوین رفتار انسانی را تابع عوامل مختلف و به هم وابسته می­داند. لوین این عوامل را به دو گونه تقسیم می­کند: خصوصیات شخصی و خصوصیات محیطی که هر یک از این عوامل در گرایش افراد به مصرف انواع موسیقی موثر باشد(رفیع­پور،1374 :59). از نظر مازلو نیز انسان دارای نیازهای است که این نیازها را به صورت نیازهای 5 گانه تقسیم می‌کند. از جمله نیازهای جسمی و نیاز به ایمنی و اطمینان و محبت و تعلق و نیاز به احترام و نیاز به خویشتن­یابی می­توان گفت اکثر نیازهای جسمی دارای محتوای اجتماعی و فرهنگی نیز می­باشند بدین معنی که با ارضای یک نیاز ظااهراً جسمانی، همواره ارضای نیازهای والاتر اجتماعی(ایمنی، تأیید و منزلت) دنبال می­شود که آنها دیگر قابل اشباع نیستند به نظر می‌رسد نیازهای هنری نیز یک مرحله از نیازهای انسانی است که با ارضا شدن آن سطوح دیگر نیازها تحقق می‌یابد. (رفیع پور،1374: 63-65).  نیز با توجه به نظریه رویکرد استفاده و خشنودی افراد با استفاده از مصرف موسیقی به جبران قسمتی از نیازهای خود می­پردازند (کورزینسکی، 2007: 256). با توجه به استفاده از تئوری اجتماعی‌شدن می‌توان گفت خانواده، دوستان و رسانه‌ها از عوامل جامعه‌پذیری فرهنگی تأثیرگذار بر ذائقه فرهنگی افراد می‌باشد. 5- فرضیه‌های تحقیق -به نظر می­رسد عوامل فردی در گرایش جوانان به موسیقی مؤثر می­باشد. - به نظر می­رسد جامعه پذیری در گرایش جوانان به موسیقی مؤثر می­باشد. - به نظر می­رسد سبک زندگی در گرایش جوانان به موسیقی مؤثر می­باشد.  - به نظر می­رسد ارضای نیازها در گرایش جوانان به موسیقی مؤثر می­باشد. 6- روش­شناسی در این پژوهش از دو روش اسنادی و پیمایشی جهت گردآوری اطلاعات استفاده شده است. با استفاده از روش اسنادی ابعاد مفهومی و نظری موضوع، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و با بکارگیری روش پیمایشی چگونگی توزیع و روابط بین متغیرهای مستقل و وابسته تحقیق در جامعه مورد مطالعه بررسی شده است. از نظر معیار اجرایی این تحقیق از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی به شمار می­آید که با بازبینی و شناسایی عوامل عوامل مرتبط با میزان گرایش به موسیقی چشم­اندازهای آینده را مورد توجه قرارداده، در صددیم عوامل موثر بر آن را شناسایی کنیم. از آنجایی که این تحقیق در برهه زمانی خاصی انجام شده در زمره تحقیقات مقطعی یا عرضی قرار می‌گیرد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را جوانان شهر زنجان تشکیل می­دهند که طبق آمار ارائه شده توسط  سازمان ثبت احوال استان شامل 222574 نفر می‌باشد. در فرمول کوکران 268 نفر به عنوان حجم نمونه به دست آمد. بعد از برآورد حجم نمونه در مرحله اول از روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی طبقه­ای استفاده شده است که بر مبنای تعدادجوانان (جمعیت آماری ) شهر زنجان جهت توزیع پرسشنامه در سطوح مختلف شهر به روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی در نظر گرفته شد. که جهت توزیع مناطق سه­گانه شهر به صورت مناطق بالای شهر و مناطق مرکز شهر و مناطق پایین شهر انتخاب گردید.در پژوهش حاضر برای سنجش پایایی ابزار پژوهش از روش آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شده که در جریان مطالعه مقدماتی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. جدول شماره 1: ضرایب آلفای کرونباخ متغیرهای تحقیق گویه­ها گرایش به موسیقی سبک زندگی ارضای نیازها جامعه­پذیری آلفای کرونباخ 78/0 69/0 74/0 71/0 همچنین برای تعیین اعتبار ابزار تحقیق (پرسشنامه) از روش اعتبار صوری استفاده شده است. 7- یافته­های تحقیق 7-1- آمار توصیفی جدول2: توزیع فراوانی عوامل فردی متغیر فراوانی درصد سن 21-13 سال 68 4/25 26-22 سال 77 7/28 33-27 سال 123 9/45 جنس زن 157 2/58 مرد 111 8/41 وضعیت تاهل مجرد 154 5/57 متاهل 114 5/42 سطح تحصیلات زیر دیپلم 28 4/10 دیپلم 47 5/17 کاردانی 35 1/13 کارشناسی 133 6/49 کارشناسی ارشد 21 8/7 دکتری 4 5/1 - همان­گونه که از جدول فوق بر می­آید: 4/25% پاسخگویان در گروه سنی21-13 ساله، 7/28% در گروه سنی 26-22 ساله و 9/45%  در گروه سنی 33-27 ساله قرار دارند. - همچنان که از جدول فوق بر می­آید 21/58% پاسخگویان را زنان و 79/41% آنان را مردان تشکیل می­دهند. - همان گونه که از جدول فوق بر می­آید 46/57% پاسخگویان مجرد و 54/42% پاسخگویان متأهل  می­باشند. - همچنان که از جدول فوق بر می­آید 4/10% پاسخگویان دارای تحصیلات زیردیپلم، 56/17% دیپلم، 1/13% فوق­دیپلم، 6/46% لیسانس, 8/7% نیز دارای تحصیلات فوق لیسانس و تنها 5/1% دارای تحصیلات دکترا  می­باشند. جدول3: توزیع نمونه بر حسب میزان گرایش به موسیقی متغیر فراوانی درصد گرایش به موسیقی بالا 27 1/10 متوسط 195 8/72 پایین 46 2/17 همچنان که از جدول فوق برمی آید 1/10 درصد پاسخگویان گرایش پایینی به موسیقی 8/72 درصد به میزان متوسط و 2/17 پاسخگویان به میزان بالایی به موسیقی گرایش دارند. جدول4: توزیع  نمونه بر حسب میزان گرایش پاسخگویان به نوع خاصی از موسیقی متغیرها گرایش بالا گرایش متوسط گرایش پایین عدم گرایش گرایش به موسیقی خارجی 2/14% 1/20% 22% 7/43% گرایش به موسیقی خوانندگان لوس آنجلسی 9/23% 4/13% 6/21% 41% گرایش به موسیقی صدا و سیما 99/27% 64/21% 04/16% 33/34% گرایش به موسیقی سنتی 5/57% 2/14% 6% 4/22% گرایش به موسیقی ایرانی بدون کلام 6/21% 7/25% 4/10% 2/42% گرایش به موسیقی پاپ, جاز و راک خارجی 1/20% 8/13% 9/23% 2/42% گرایش به موسیقی پاپ ایرانی 5/54% 3/15% 6/5% 6/24% گرایش به موسیقی زیرزمینی 3/40% 4/19% 7/6% 6/33% گرایش به موسیقی راک زیرزمینی 3/18% 1/20% 9/14% 6/46% بالایی به موسیقی محلی 46/32% 88/23% 18/14% 48/29% گرایش به موسیقی پاپ بدون کلام خارجی 66/18% 51/23% 78/19% 06/38% گرایش به موسیقی پاپ بدون کلام ایرانی 21% 5/23% 3/15% 6/39% بنابراین نتایج توصیفی مربوط به متغیر گرایش به نوع موسیقی در بین جوانان نشان می­دهد که بیشترین گرایش به استفاده از انواع 12 گانه موسیقی مربوط به گرایش به نوع سنتی  با 5/57 درصد و پاپ ایرانی با 5/54  می­باشد و کمترین میزان گرایش مربوط به موسیقی راک زیرزمینی با 6/46 درصد می­باشد. جدول5: توزیع نمونه بر حسب فعالیت های اوقات فراغت شاخص ها بالا متوسط پایین مطالعه درسی 75/42% 68/42% 57/25% مطالعه غیر درسی 28/29% 59/42% 14/28% رفتن به سینما 1/9% 7/29% 2/61% ورزش کردن 42/30% 98/34% 6/34% گوش دادن به موسیقی 6/63% 1/26% 2/10% تماشای تلویزیون 5/52% 1/32% 5/15% رفتن به مسافرت 8/30% 44/41% 76/27% دیدار دوستان 8/46% 5/38% 7/14% بر اساس نتایج بدست­آمده می­توان گفت افراد مورد بررسی به لحاظ فعالیت­های اوقات فراغت  بالاترین فعالیت اوقات فراغت آنها با 6/63 درصد مربوط به گوش دادن به موسیقی بوده و پس از آن با 5/52 درصد تماشای تلویزیون را از جمله فعالیت های مهم اوقات فراغت خود برشمرده­اند. همچنین رفتن به سینما با 2/61 درصد کمترین فعالیت صورت گرفته در اوقات فراغت جوانان را به خود اختصاص داده است. 7-2- آمار استنباطی در این بخش از تحقیق سعی شده است تا فرضیه­های تحقیق مورد آزمون قرار گیرند. در آمار استنباطی هدف این است که بتوانیم پارامترهای جمعیتی را از روی آماره­های نمونه­ای برآورد نمائیم. به عبارت دیگر هدف آمار استنباطی برآورد ارزش­های جمعیتی از روی ارزش­های نمونه ای است. جدول6: نتایج آزمون همبستگی پیرسون بین متغیر های مستقل و گرایش جوانان به موسیقی مستقل وابسته متغیر ضریب پیرسون سطح معنی داری تعداد گرایش جوانان به موسیقی سن پاسخگویان 057/0- 352/0 268 سبک زندگی **258/0 000/0 268 میزان ارضای نیازها **458/0 000/0 268 میزان جامعه­پذیری **369/0 000/0 268 - خروجی آزمون ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشانگر این است که بین متغیر سن پاسخگویان و میزان گرایش به موسیقی آنان 05/0 همبستگی وجود دارد. این مقدار همبستگی با تعداد نمونه 268 نفر با مقدار352/0 sig=  معنی­دار نمی باشد. بنابراین بین دو متغیر مورد بررسی همبستگی وجود ندارد و فرض H0 تأیید و فرض  H1 رد  می­شود.         - خروجی آزمون ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشانگر این است که بین متغیر سبک زندگی و میزان گرایش به موسیقی 28/0 همبستگی وجود دارد. این مقدار همبستگی با تعداد نمونه 268 نفر با مقدار 000/0 sig= معنی­دار می­باشد. بنابراین بین دو متغیر مورد بررسی همبستگی ضعیفی وجود دارد. به عبارت دیگر با افزایش شاخص متغیر مستقل ، میزان متغیر وابسته نیز افزایش خواهد یافت. لذا فرض H1 تأیید و  فرض  H0 رد می شود. - خروجی آزمون ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشانگر این است که بین متغیر میزان ارضای نیازها و میزان گرایش به موسیقی 48/0 همبستگی وجود دارد. این مقدار همبستگی با تعداد نمونه 268 نفر با مقدار 000/0 sig= معنی دار می باشد. بنابراین بین دو متغیر مورد بررسی همبستگی متوسطی وجود دارد. به عبارت دیگر با افزایش شاخص متغیر مستقل ، میزان متغیر وابسته نیز افزایش خواهد یافت. لذا فرض H1 تأیید و  فرض  H0 رد می شود. - خروجی آزمون ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشانگر این است که بین متغیر میزان جامعه پذیری و میزان گرایش به موسیقی 36/0 همبستگی وجود دارد. این مقدار همبستگی با تعداد نمونه 268 نفر با مقدار 000/0 sig= معنی دار می باشد. بنابراین بین دو متغیر مورد بررسی همبستگی ضعیف رو به متوسطی وجود دارد. به عبارت دیگر با افزایش شاخص متغیر مستقل، میزان متغیر وابسته نیز افزایش خواهد یافت. لذا فرض H1 تأیید و فرض  H0 رد می­شود. جدول7: آزمون T گرو ه های مستقل  بر حسب متغیر جنسیت پاسخگویان و گرایش به موسیقی میزان گرایش به موسیقی فراوانی میانگین انحراف معیار خطای معیار میانگین زن 156 6288/2 49306/0 03948/0 مرد 112 5235/2 56700/0 05358/0 آزمون لون (برابری واریانس) آزمون برابری میانگین F معنی داری T (مقدار آماره) درجه آزادی سطح معنی­داری تفاوت میانگین انحراف معیار فاصله اطمینان حد پایین حد بالا واریانس بینگروهی 361/1 244/0 618/1 266 107/0 10525/0 06504/0 0228/0- 23332/0 واریانس درون گروهی 582/1 18/218 115/0 10525/0 06655/0 0259/0- 23641/0 خروجی آزمونT  برای مقایسه جنسیت پاسخگویان از نظر میانگین گرایش به موسیقی آنان، بیانگر این است که بر مبنای آزمون برابری واریانس­ها، با توجه به اینکه واریانس دو گروه مورد بررسی دارای تفاوت معنی­دار نمی­باشد بنابراین در بررسی این فرضیه از آزمون T با فرض برابری واریانس­ها استفاده می­کنیم. خروجی آزمون نشان می­دهد که مقدار T بدست­آمده معادل 618/1 با درجه آزادی 266 و 107/0 sig= معنی­دار نمی­باشد و بین میانگین گرایش به موسیقی گروه­های مورد بررسی تفاوت معنی­دار وجود ندارد. شاخص­های توصیفی این آزمون نشان می­دهد که زنان دارای میانگین گرایش به موسیقی معادل 62/2 و مردان دارای میانگین گرایش به موسیقی 52/2 می­باشند که بین دو گروه مورد مقایسه تفاوت میانگین 10/0 مشاهده می­شود. لذا فرض H0 تأیید و فرض  H1 رد می­شود.         جدول8: آزمون T گرو ه های مستقل  بر حسب متغیر وضعیت تاهل پاسخگویان و گرایش به موسیقی میزان گرایش به موسیقی فراوانی میانگین انحراف معیار خطای معیار میانگین مجرد 156 7308/2 53514/0 04312/0 متاهل 114 5227/2 51102/0 4786/0 آزمون لون (برابری واریانس) آزمون برابری میانگین F معنی داری T (مقدار آماره) درجه آزادی سطح معنی داری تفاوت میانگین انحراف معیار فاصله اطمینان حد پایین حد بالا واریانس بین گروهی 065/ 799/0 655/1 266 057/0 20803/0 06487/0 0196/0- 2357/0 واریانس درون گروهی 677/1 49/249 055/0 20803/0 06442/0 0188/0- 2349/0 خروجی آزمونT  برای مقایسه وضعیت تأهل پاسخگویان از نظر میانگین گرایش به موسیقی آنان، بیانگر این است که بر مبنای آزمون برابری واریانس­ها، با توجه به اینکه واریانس دو گروه مورد بررسی دارای تفاوت معنی­دار نمی­باشد, بنابراین در بررسی این فرضیه از آزمون T با فرض برابری واریانس‌ها استفاده می کنیم. خروجی آزمون نشان می­دهد که مقدار T بدست آمده معادل 665/1 با درجه آزادی 266 و 097/0 sig=معنی­دار می­باشد و بین میانگین گرایش به موسیقی گروه­های مورد بررسی تفاوت معنی­دار وجود دارد. شاخص­های توصیفی این آزمون نشان می­دهد که افراد مجرد دارای میانگین گرایش به موسیقی معادل 73/2 و مردان دارای میانگین گرایش به موسیقی 52/2 می­باشند که بین دو گروه مورد مقایسه تفاوت میانگین 20/0 مشاهده می­شود. لذا فرض H1 تأیید و فرض  H0 رد  می­شود.         جدول9: آزمون تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه برحسب سطح تحصیلات و متغیر وابسته میزان گرایش به موسیقی مجموع مربعات درجه آزادی میانگین مربعات مقدار آماره F سطح معنی­داری بین گروهی 237/1 5 247/0 890/0 488/0 درون گروهی 852/72 262 278/0 جمع 089/74 267  با توجه به این کـه متغیر مستقل مـورد بررسی یک متغیر تـرتیبی بیش از دو طبقه­ای (سطح تحصیلات پاسخگویان) و متغیر وابسته یک متغیر فاصله­ای (میزان گرایش به موسیقی)است، بنابراین برای بررسی رابطه بین این دو متغیر از آزمون تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه استفاده شده است که خروجی آزمون در زیر گزارش می­گردد: خروجی آزمون تحلیل واریانس با مقدار F  معادل 890/0 و درجات آزادی 5 و 262 با مقدار 488/0 sig=معنی­دار نمی­باشد. بنابراین این آزمون نشان می­دهد که سطح تحصیلات پاسخگویان بر میزان گرایش به موسیقی آنان اثر معنی داری ندارد. لذا فرض H0 تأیید و  فرض  H1 رد می شود.         در پژوهش حاضر بر اساس چارچوب نظری تحقیق، متغیرهای مستقل را بصورت منطقی و  بر حسب همگرایی و خطوط مشترک آنها ترکیب تا میزان تبیین تغییرات متغیر وابسته میزان گرایش به موسیقی را توسط متغیرهای مستقل تحقیق برآورد نماییم. جدول 10: اثرات مستقیم متغیرهای مستقل برمتغیر وابسته میزان گرایش به موسیقی ضرایب استاندار نشده ضرایب استانداردشده ضریب B انحراف استاندارد ضریب بتا مقدار آماره  T سطح معنی داری ثابت 425/1 126/0 276/11 000/0 میزان ارضای نیازها 257/0 047/0 337/0 496/5 000/0 میزان جامعه­پذیری 124/0 038/0 195/0 272/3 00/0 سبک زندگی 058/ 032/0 103 825/1 069/0 جدول11: اثرات مستقیم متغیرهای مستقل برمتغیر وابسته میزان ارضای نیازها ضرایب استانداردنشده ضرایب استانداردشده ضریب B انحراف استاندارد ضریب بتا مقدار آماره  T سطح معنی داری ثابت 355/1 143/0 450/9 000/0 میزان جامعه­پذیری 325/0 046/0 390/0 124/7 000/0 سبک زندگی 175/0 041/ 236/0 315/4 000/0 جدول12: اثرات مستقیم متغیرهای مستقل برمتغیر وابسته میزان جامعه پذیری ضرایب استاندارد نشده ضرایب استاندارد شده ضریب B انحراف استاندارد ضریب بتا مقدار آماره  T سطح معنی داری ثابت 518/2 115/0 867/21 000/0 سبک زندگی 205/0 053/0 231/0 879/3 000/0 برای محاسبه کل اثرات غیرمستقیم یک متغیر بر متغیر دیگر اثرات مسیرهای غیرمستقیم آن دو متغیر را با همدیگر جمع می کنیم،برای محاسبه اثرات علی کل ،باید اثرات مستقیم و غیرمستقیم با همدیگر جمع شوند. مجموع متغیرهای مستقل پژوهش 65 درصد واریانس متغیر وابسته گرایش به موسیقی را تبیین می­­کنند و 35 درصد بقیه که تحت عنوان واریانس تبیین نشده شناخته می­شود توسط متغیرهای دیگری تبیین  می­گردند . 8- نتیجه­گیری و پیشنهادات نتایج این پژوهش نشان می­­دهد  که زنان نسبت به مردان، افراد مجرد نسبت به افراد متأهل گرایش بیشتری به موسیقی دارند و نیز از بین عوامل مستقل اثرگذار بر متغیر وابسته گرایش به موسیقی بیشترین تاثیر به ترتیب اولویت از متغیر ارضای نیاز (48%) عوامل جامعه­پذیری (36%) و سبک زندگی (28%) ناشی می­شود. بنابراین می­توان گفت رابطه موسیقی با جامعه رابطه­ای دو سویه است چرا که از یکسو مخاطبان با مصرف آن  موجب رواج موسیقی خاص در جامعه شده و از سوی دیگر این آثار موسیقی به  نوعی بیانگر مفاهیم اجتماعی روز جامعه هستند موسیقی را مردم بوجود می­آورند و آهنگسازان آن رآ تنظیم می­کند بنابراین هر گاه در جامعه برای ابراز عقاید، احساسات، ارزش­ها و ... محدودیت­هایی وجود داشته باشد موسیقی به عنوان یک زبان میان جامعه و مردم شروع به فعالیت می­نماید چنانچه اینگلهارت معتقد است اولویت­های فرد بازتاب محیط اجتماعی– اقتصادی اوست و افراد برای چیزهای کمیاب ارزش بیشتری قائل می­شوند و در نتیجه موسیقی هایی که این ارزش­ها را برجسته می­کنند از سوی افراد مصرف می­شوند. هنگامی که موسیقی­های جدید وارد بازار می­شوند این دلیلی بر این مدعاست که موسیقی­های کنونی نمی­توانند پاسخگوی نیاز افراد باشد در پژوهش حاضر نشان دادیم که سبک زندگی فرهنگی و پایگاه اقتصادی و اجتماعی عامل مهم تاثیرگذار در مصرف موسیقی می­باشد (طبق نظر بوردیو) اما شدت آن به حدی نبود که بتوان روی آن حساب باز کرد این ناهمسازی بین نظریه و و واقعیت را می­توان به طریق زیر توضیح داد: این وضعیت می­تواند ناشی از شرایط تولید و مصرف موسیقی در جامعه جدید باشد. زمانی موسیقی فقط در قالب اجراهای زنده قابل شنیدن بود و وسیله­ای برای ضبط و شنیدن آن در هر زمان و مکان نداشت .بنا براین گستره مکان­هایی که که می­شد در معرض موسیقی قرار گرفت محدود بود در ضمن گستره تولید و تنوع موسیقی نیز اندک بود.  اما امروزه پیشرفت تکنولوژی تمام مرزهای موجود را از میان برده است و در دور افتاده­ترین نقاط افراد به موسیقی دسترسی دارند که این موضوع تصورات رایج موجود در خصوص توزیع سرمایه های فرهنگی را تا حدی از بین برده است. صرف­نظر از اهمیت پرداختن به موسیقی که در همه دنیا صدق می­کند مسائلی در ایران وجود دارد که لزوم مطالعه موسیقیایی و مصرف موسیقی را جدی تر می­کند. در ایران امروز به رغم وجود سابقه تاریخی تولید موسیقی وجود یک نظام موسیقیایی شناخته شده و غنی ،مشکلات متعددی درباره تولید و مصرف موسیقی وجود دارد و همین مشکلات که در قالب تعارضات دین و موسیقی بیشترین جلوه را داشته­اند سبب شده تا پژوهش درباره ابعاد مختلف تولید و مصرف موسیقی فاقد مشروعیت لازم باشد اگر چه جامعه ایرانی موسیقی و مصرف آن از سوی مردم را به مثابه واقعیتی گریزناپذیر احساس می­کند اما کماکان، حداقل در عرصه رسمی و نظام سیاسی با موسیقی به مثابه عرصه­ای تابویی رفتار می­شود. همین امر سبب شده است تا در دو دهه گذشته از غنای پژوهش­های اجتماعی درباره موسیقی بسیار کاسته شود. علاوه بر مسأله تابویی­بودن بحث درباره موسیقی که البته در سال­های اخیر تا اندازه­ای از آن کاسته شده است، دولت در ایران موجودیتی بزرگ و همه­جاگستر دارد و داعیه دخالت آن در عرصه فرهنگ بیش از هر جای دیگری است. با این حال همین دولت فاقد شناخت­های کافی از عرصه تولید و مصرف موسیقی در کشوراست این چنین دولتی حتی فاقد توان لازم برای سیاست­گذاری عاقلانه است. مسائل فوق به رابطه موسیقی و نظام سیاسی در ایران مربوط می­شوند اما مسأله فقط به همین جا ختم نمی­شود. در عرصه دانشگاه­ها نیزدایره بحث درباره تولید و مصرف فرهنگی گسترده نیست. با توجه به مرور ادبیات مربوط به مباحث همین پژوهش جامعه­شناسی هنر به معنای تلاش برای تبیین جامعه­شناختی تولید هنر و  جامعه­شناسی فرهنگ از فراموش­شده­ترین عرصه­های پژوهش اجتماعی در ایران هستند. بنابراین لازم است تا پژوهش­های جدی درباره هنر و بالاخص موسیقی را آغاز کرد. فهرست منابع اینگلهارت، ر، (1373)، تحول فرهنگی در جوامع پیشرفته صنعتی، ترجمه مریم وتر، انتشارات کویر، تهران. ببی، ا، (1386)، روش‌های تحقیق در علوم اجتماعی، ترجمه رضا فاضل، نشر سمت، تهران.  دواس، دی. ای، (1387)، پیمایش در تحقیقات اجتماعی، ترجمه هوشنگ نایبی، نشر نی، تهران.   رفیع پور، ف، (1384)، تکنیک‌های خاص تحقیق در علوم اجتماعی، شرکت سهامی انتشار، تهران. فاضلی، م.(1386)، جامعه­شناسی مصرف موسیقی، انتشارات پژوهشگاه فرهنگ هنر و ارتباطات، تهران. فاطمی، س، (1385)، سازمان اداری موسیقی و قشرهای فرهنگی در جامعه، نشریه یازمان اداری هنر، شماره 2، مرکز تحقیقات و مطالعات هنری، تهران. کریمی، ا،  (1383)، نشانه­شناسی ترانه­های موسیقی پاپ. کوثری، م، (1386)، گفتمان­های موسیقی در ایران، پژوهشنامه فرهنگستان هنر، ویژه نقد جامعه شناسی هنر، فرهنگستان هنر، شماره 2، تهران. کوثری، م، (1385)، هنر و مدرنیته در ایران. مجله حرفه هنرمند، شماره 8، زمستان ص 150-.155 کوثری، م، (1386)، درک آثار هنری در جامعه، هم­­اندیشی جامعه­شناسی هنر، فرهنگستان هنر، تهران. کوثری، م، (1387)، در آمدی بر موسیقی مردم­پسند، انتشارات طرح آینده، تهران. گیدنز، آ، (1378)، جامعه‌شناسی، ترجمه منوچهر صبوری، نشر نی، تهران. مشحون، ح، (1380)، تاریخ موسیقی ایران، انتشارات فرهنگ، نشر نو، تهران. مقتدر سنگسری، م، (1378)، نیاز جامعه به موسیقی. فصلنامه ماهور، سال سوم، شماره هفتم. نتل، ب، (1382)، نقش موسیقی در فرهنگ ایران ملتی تازه توسعه یافته، ترجمه ناتالی چوبینه، فصلنامه موسیقی ماهور، سال ششم، شماره 21. Lomax, A.  (1968). Folk sony style and culture, American for the Advancement of Science. Washington D.c Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the jundgemen of taste. Routledge.   * تاریخ وصول: 17/12/1393          تاریخ پذیرش: 5/8/1394 1- گروه پژوهش علوم اجتماعی ، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران afsonkalife@yahoo.com  2- گروه جامعه شناسی، واحد بابل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بابل، ایران Majedeh_Gholipour@yahoo.com 3- گروه جامعه شناسی، واحد علوم تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران  mirmohammadrezaei@yahoo.com 4- گروه پژوهش علوم اجتماعی ، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران  naderloo59@yahoo.com Manuscript profile
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        202 - Investigating the Sociological Factors in young Women's Individualism and Loneliness (Case Study: Shiraz City)
        Mahboubeh Askari Esmaeil Jahanbakhsh Asghar Mohammadi
        10.22034/ssyj.2022.1962650.1253
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        203 - The Role of Emotional Intelligence, Cultural Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence on Individual-Social Adjustment in Young Students
        Sedigheh Mohammadiani Rezvan Homaei
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        204 - Sociological Study of Consumer Media Effects on Lifestyle with regard to Individual Characteristics (Case Study: Youth of Rural and Nomadic Areas in Gilane Gharb Province)
        Massoumeh Heidary Zargoosh Masoud Darabi
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        205 - The Meaning of Money among Young Students: A Phenomenological Study
        milad Pourrajabi Ahmadreza Asgharpour Masouleh
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        206 - Explaining the components that improve the ability of behavioral patterns "A case study of Niavaran neighborhood, Tehran city"
        kianoush hasani mohammad ali zareie
        10.30495/jisaud.2023.1971340.1025
        The phrase "behavioral pattern" is a wide-ranging and widely used concept that has been addressed with a special look in the field of environmental psychology. Environmental psychology has paid attention to the physical environment as an effective platform for the forma More
        The phrase "behavioral pattern" is a wide-ranging and widely used concept that has been addressed with a special look in the field of environmental psychology. Environmental psychology has paid attention to the physical environment as an effective platform for the formation of individual and social behaviors.In fact, based on her personal and social characteristics and needs, humans react to some environmental data and behave accordingly.The main goal is to identify the components that improve the capacity of the behavioral patterns in order to implement them in the Niavaran neighborhood located in the first district of Tehran. The reason for choosing this site, in addition to the physical and social capabilities of Niavaran neighborhood, is because the neighborhoods are considered as a connecting element between the family center and the urban. The fundamental question of this research is: What are the effective components on matching the physical environment with optimal behavioral patterns in order to respond appropriately to individual and social behaviors? Based on this, the main goal of the research is to recognize and predict the behavior under the influence of three spheres: individual, social and environmental, and the implementation of those factors in the behavioral camps, especially in Niavaran neighborhood, is aimed at optimizing the behavior. This research was carried out by means of survey content analysis and by designing a questionnaire from the users of the neighborhood in a planned process, in order to explain the components that improve the behavior of the camp.This article has tried to recognize and predict common behavioral patterns by using anthropological and sociological surveys and combining it with architectural attitudes. so, the creation of a suitable living environment by recognizing and predicting the factors affecting the formation of optimal individual, social and environmental behaviors has led to the improvement of affordability in Niavaran neighborhood .in the field of individual behavior; Identifying the process of human feeling, perception, and cognition separately, in order, and by recognizing their mutual influence on each other will greatly help in predicting individual behavior. In addition, the emergence of a large part of the behavior takes place under the influence of physical and psychological conditions as well as individual needs and motivations. in the field of social behavior; Knowing the cultural characteristics and factors affecting its formation have an effect on the emergence of behaviors. In connection with the field of environmental behavior; It should be noted that in addition to individual and social behaviors affecting the environment, some environments demand their own behavior based on their capabilities.Therefore, the overlapping of the identity components between man and the environment increases the individual's sense of place. In fact, human sense of place is affected by factors and parameters affecting individual, social and environmental behavior. If the combination of these factors takes place in the highest possible form in the neighborhood, which is the connecting element of individual and social life, people will experience a higher level of sense of place in the neighborhood. As a result, by improving the sense of place, which is caused by improving the capacity in the behavioral camp, one can witness superior behaviors in Niavaran neighborhood. Manuscript profile
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        207 - Examining the spectrum of privacy and its place in responding to the user's needs in the co-working space. Case example: Metre Moraba Co-working space of mashhad.
        Seyedeh Maryam Mojtabavi Yeganeh Poustchiniyan Mahla Rahmatian Tusi
        10.30495/jisaud.2023.1982669.1057
        Introduction: Since the beginning of the 20th century, with the start of startups, there have been changes in the shape of coworking spaces that are suitable for the needs of today's societies. In addition to providing a suitable platform for the presence of people More
        Introduction: Since the beginning of the 20th century, with the start of startups, there have been changes in the shape of coworking spaces that are suitable for the needs of today's societies. In addition to providing a suitable platform for the presence of people with startup and creative thinking, the coworking space creates the possibility of random interactions and the growth of creativity by responding to the social needs of users. Physical proximity between people with different abilities and talents increases the possibility of cooperation, teamwork, informal learning and individual growth. Among the few weaknesses of the coworking space, we can mention the distraction and lack of concentration of the users; Therefore, the purpose of this research is to know the level of solitude in the coworking space and to analyze its role in meeting the needs of users and to examine it in a case study (Metre Moraba Co-working space of Mashhad). Methodology: In the first step, the information was collected using the library-document method, and authentic written researches were used to compile the theoretical foundations and background of the research. In the second step, data collection has been done by the field method (presence in a case sample and using the tools of observation and interview and questionnaire). Through the observation tool, the authors picked up the characteristics of the environment and the behavior of the employees, and through an interview with the architect and manager of the meter moraba complex (Dr. Yalda Golriz), they got to know the concepts and the construction process of the project, and also by presenting a questionnaire to 11 users present in In the fall of 1401, the metre moraba collection investigated the role of solitude in responding to the needs of users. In the third step, through inferential studies, the levels of individual and group solitude have been analyzed in the examined sample (metre moraba coworking space). Results: The findings show that solitude plays an important role as an important factor in meeting the needs of users in a coworking space. Considering the existential role of solitude in creating concentration, creativity, flourishing of ideas, improving the work efficiency of the audience, it is necessary to provide individual and collective solitude in the shared work space. Examining the spectrum of solitude in the metre moraba. group shows that the collective spaces have quantitatively occupied the largest area of the space and qualitatively created collective solitude for the users. However, individual spaces are not quantitatively responsive to users, and qualitatively, they do not provide enough concentration, peace, and privacy for the audience; Therefore, in order to provide optimal solitude (individual and collective solitude), solutions have been presented in order to improve solitude. Conclusion: To create a sense of solitude in the interior, one should pay attention to simplicity, comfort, and natural elements and use appropriate decorations and lighting. These factors help the user to create a quiet and secluded space that is suitable for rest and relaxation. Work spaces with optimal privacy (simultaneous provision of individual and collective privacy) play an important role in advancing work goals (group and individual), therefore, in order to achieve optimal privacy, it is suggested to improve individual privacy quantitatively and qualitatively in the set of Metre Moraba Co-working space. Manuscript profile
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        208 - أثیر یادگیری مشارکتی آنالین از طریق Docs Google بر عملکرد نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی
        Shahriar Jalili
        در سالهای اخیر، نوشتن مشارکتی با واسطهی فناوری توجه زیادی در ادبیات پ ژوهشی به خود جلب کرده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر مقایسه تأثیر نوشتن مشارکتی آنالین با استفاده از Docs Google و نوشتن فردی در یک کالس درس معمولی رو در رو بر عملکرد نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی More
        در سالهای اخیر، نوشتن مشارکتی با واسطهی فناوری توجه زیادی در ادبیات پ ژوهشی به خود جلب کرده است. هدف پژوهش حاضر مقایسه تأثیر نوشتن مشارکتی آنالین با استفاده از Docs Google و نوشتن فردی در یک کالس درس معمولی رو در رو بر عملکرد نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی است. برای این منظور، نمونه ای متشکل از 32 فراگیر متوسط همگ ن به عنوان شرکت کنندگان در پژوهش انتخاب شدند. سپس به طور تصادفی به یک گروه آزمایشی )16 نفر( و یک گروه کنترل )16 نفر( تقسیم شدند. سپس، شرکتکنندگان گ روه آزمایشی، نوشتن مشارکتی آنالین را با استفاده از GoogleDocs انجام دادند در حالی که گروه کنترل مقاالت فردی را در کالس رو در رو انجام دادند. برای جمعآوری دادهها از دو وظیفه نوشتاری توسط دانشجویان استفاده شد. سپس دادهها با استفاده از آزمون t زوجی برای ب ررسی تفاوتهای نوشتاری در هر گروه مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. در نهایت برای بررسی تفاوت عملکرد نوشتاری بین دو گروه از ANCOVA استفاده شد. این مطالعه بینشهای بیشتری در مورد سهم Docs Google در تحقیقات فناوری در نوشتن مشارکتی با واسطه فناوری اضافه کرد و برخی مفاهیم آموزشی مرتبط را ارائه کرد.   Manuscript profile
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        209 - Investigating Learner Autonomy: The case of Kurdish English language majors
        Sana Khudhur
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        210 - Effect of Individually-Generated, Teacher-Generated, and Cooperatively-Generated Graphic Organizer Activities on EFL Learners' Collocation Knowledge and Retention
        Mansoureh Mojaverian Hossein Siahpoosh Mehran Davaribina
        10.30495/jfl.2022.692661
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        211 - Presenting a model and factor analysis of the quality of working life of employees based on generational differences in Maskan Bank
        Sara Gholamrezayi PourKermani Zahra Anjom Shoaa Sanjar Salajagheh Akbar Nazari رستم پوررشیدی
        The aim of the current research is to present a model based on the factor analysis of the quality of working life of employees based on the generation difference in Maskan Bank employees. The current research was a combination of library, field and expert studies in ter More
        The aim of the current research is to present a model based on the factor analysis of the quality of working life of employees based on the generation difference in Maskan Bank employees. The current research was a combination of library, field and expert studies in terms of the practical development goal and in terms of the descriptive-analytical execution method and the data collection method, which was carried out in three stages. In the first stage, using the opinion of experts, interpretive structural modeling was done to explore the relationship between the quality of work life factors that were identified in the theoretical basics section (individual factors, family factors, occupational factors, organizational factors and social factors). At this stage, 11 human resources experts of Maskan Bank were used as a statistical sample. In the second stage, validation of the designed model was done among the employees of Maskan Bank. The statistical sample included 384 people. In the third stage, based on the separation of 4 working generations in Maskan Bank, the path coefficients were analyzed in a comparative manner. The software used for analysis was Smart PLS version 3. The questionnaire included 19 items related to the dimensions of each of the identified factors. The findings of the research showed that the model of the quality of work life of employees is based on the generation difference and family factors significantly affect the quality of work life. Manuscript profile
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        212 - Investigating the impact of human resource retention system on productivity improvement in Parsian Gas Refining Company
        mokhtar ranjbar moslem azad
        The main purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of human resource retention system onimproving productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company. The research method is descriptive surveytype. The statistical population of this study consisted of managers and More
        The main purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of human resource retention system onimproving productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company. The research method is descriptive surveytype. The statistical population of this study consisted of managers and employees of Parsian refinerywith 524 people. They were examined by stratified sampling method of 220 people. The research toolwas a researcher-made questionnaire developed by Human Resources Retention System, as well asHersey and Goldsmith's (2000) Productivity Questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaires wascalculated using Content and Structural Validity analysis and its reliability was calculated usingCronbach's alpha coefficient. For human resources retention it was 0.85 and for the Hersey andGoldsmith's productivity questionnaire was 0.92. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics andinferential statistics including multiple regressions and structural equation modeling using PLSsoftware. The findings showed that human resource retention system has a significant effect onimproving the productivity of Parsian gas refining company. Also, the dimensions of human resourceretention system including individual factors, organizational factors and environmental factors alsohave a positive and significant effect on improving the productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company.The simultaneous effect of variables in the final model using multiple regression and path analysisshowed that all dimensions of human resources retention system have a positive and significantpredictor of improving the productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company. Manuscript profile
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        213 - Towards the Analysis of Moral Intelligence and Quality of Teacher Learning through structural equation modelling (SEM) approach
        seyed Nuredin Mahmoudi Donya Gandomkar
        Manuscript profile
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        214 - Ethical Criticism of the Historical Text of the Book of Ardeshir Babakan
        Asieh Zabihnia Emran
        Ardeshir Babakan's 400-year-old work is one of the Pahlavi texts that contains the ideas of Ardeshir Babakan, the founder of the Sassanid dynasty. Many ethical virtues have been attributed to him in the context of Ardeshir's work, and he brings him to the point of natio More
        Ardeshir Babakan's 400-year-old work is one of the Pahlavi texts that contains the ideas of Ardeshir Babakan, the founder of the Sassanid dynasty. Many ethical virtues have been attributed to him in the context of Ardeshir's work, and he brings him to the point of national and epic heroism, which includes all the transcendental moral traits, such as despair, kindness, fearlessness, perseverance and sincerity. Ardeshir seems to believe that Iran's national identity is against Enyran. Advice generally refers to the duties of man toward himself, the Lord and others. In these wit and wisdom statements, human life is measured in the universe, and narrow-mindedness, hustle and bustle Wills and other evil traits will be blamed. Advice has been in all the languages and everywhere, everywhere and everywhere, and there is a general state to each nation; since virtues and moral vices are rooted in human nature, in all cultures and languages, The purpose of this article is to examine and analyze the words and phrases in the text of Ardeshir Babakan's text. Manuscript profile
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        215 - The Effect of Social Capital on Participation of Individuals in Teamwork: Experimental Approach Based on Sequential and Simultaneous Games
        Omolbanin Jalali Zahra Nasrollahi Majid Hatefi
        Recently, organizations have tended to focus on team activities, and cognitive factors such as social capital can affect the performance of individuals in this framework. In this regard, the present study examined the effect of social capital on individual decisions wit More
        Recently, organizations have tended to focus on team activities, and cognitive factors such as social capital can affect the performance of individuals in this framework. In this regard, the present study examined the effect of social capital on individual decisions within the framework of teamwork. In order to achieve this goal, we came to the experimental environment and performed an examination of the effects by performing sequential and simultaneous games that were complete, static and dynamic, and perfect and imperfect. 182 students were selected from the population of students from universities of Yazd, and 2184 observations were collected. The results of the study showed that the increase in social capital of a team's players leads to increased team production, team revenue and team profits. The results also showed that people with high level of social capital are not affected by rewards, while reward changes lead to a change in the behavior of individuals with a moderate or lower social capital level. Manuscript profile
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        216 - Identifying and Ranking the Factors Affecting in Creating Learning Organizations on Tourist Industry Businesses in Qom
        محمد رضا فتحی Mohammad Hasan Maleki seyed ahmad alavi
        The aim of this study was to identify and ranking the factors affecting in creating learning organizations in tourist industry businesses in Qom. Research method is descriptive-survey. The population of this research includes service, tourist and facilities centers in Q More
        The aim of this study was to identify and ranking the factors affecting in creating learning organizations in tourist industry businesses in Qom. Research method is descriptive-survey. The population of this research includes service, tourist and facilities centers in Qom. Sampling method is convenience. Data gathered by the questionnaire distributed among business executives in centers. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and to ranking the factors affecting on learning organization used TOPSIS method. The results show that individual, group and organizational levels are effective factors in creating learning organizations in these businesses was confirmed Relationship marketing has a significant impact on customer loyalty, hedonic perceived value and utilitarian perceived. Also continuous learning, research and dialogue, learning teamwork, systems integration and empowerment were identified as the factors affecting in learning organization, impact of strategic management and connection with System were not confirmed.Also continuous learning, research and dialogue, learning teamwork, systems integration and empowerment were identified as the factors affecting in learning organization, impact of strategic management and connection with System were not confirmed. Manuscript profile
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        217 - Recreational and Economic Valuation of Municipal Activities in Tehran Ab-o-Atash Park
        Mohammad Taqi Rahnamaei negin shokravi
        This article addresses the increasing demand for parks and entertainment centers, emphasizing the necessity of analyzing them from economic and social perspectives. Despite challenges, it underscores the importance of anticipating future requirements. Evaluating the eco More
        This article addresses the increasing demand for parks and entertainment centers, emphasizing the necessity of analyzing them from economic and social perspectives. Despite challenges, it underscores the importance of anticipating future requirements. Evaluating the economic value of these spaces is crucial for city officials and development project managers. The research focuses on assessing the recreational value of Aab-o-Aatash Park using a descriptive-analytic method and questionnaires from 160 park visitors. Findings reveal the park's high recreational value, with expenses and park quality impacting visitor numbers and facilities. This highlights the role of governors in improving park quantity and quality to enhance its economic value. The study underscores the significance of ongoing park improvements to elevate their economic and social contributions. Manuscript profile
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        218 - Individual factors of addiction relapse among self- introduced addicts of Andimeshk city
        Farshideh Keyhani Sadegh Moradi Gholamreza Mohammad Nasl
        10.30495/jcld.2023.1983985.1059
        Receive Date: 2023/04/15                    Revise Date: 2023/07/02                  &nbsp More
        Receive Date: 2023/04/15                    Revise Date: 2023/07/02                   Accept Date:  2023/07/05 The high rate of addiction relapse in the society has  made it  inevitable to carry out etiological research  in order to  direction of identify the underlying factors of returning to this crime as  the most important social damage, for the design and implementation of preventive programs. Therefore, the current cross-sectional descriptive research with the aim of identifying and prioritizing individual factors of addiction relapse among self- introduced addicts, using a researcher-made questionnaire based on a random-class selection of 150 people from the statistical population in addiction treatment centers in Andimshek city in the year 2018 was done. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and spss software were used. : Among  the thirteen items of variable individual causes, the temptation to re- use drugs had the most effect rate and the consumption of alcohol had  the  least effect rate on the returning to addiction. Individual factors affecting the addiction relapse also include the components of temptation to re-use drugs, weakness in the tolerance of withdrawal effects, referring to previous places of use, weakness of will and weakness of self-confidence, severe emotional shock, onset of insomnia or low insomnia, non-completion of detoxification period and treatment. Manuscript profile
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        219 - The relationship between individual factors and willingness to purchase environmentally friendly products
        yasanallah pourashraf ata eslami abolfazl ferdowsi
        The purpose of this study was to investigating the relationship between individual factors and willingness to purchase environmentally friendly products with regard to the mediating role of environmental attitudes of customers. The present study is an applied one and a More
        The purpose of this study was to investigating the relationship between individual factors and willingness to purchase environmentally friendly products with regard to the mediating role of environmental attitudes of customers. The present study is an applied one and a descriptive-survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consists of all customers of Ard Kalaleh Company in Golestan province, with Indefinite number and the sample size of the research using Krejecie and Morgan table was 384 people, which was selected by simple random sampling method. Data collection in this study was field method and data collection tools were standard questionnaires. The reliability of the questionnaires was determined and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. Structural Equation Model using LISREL software was used to investigate the research hypotheses. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that there is a significant relationship between individual factors of constomers and their desire to purchase environmentally friendly products with the mediating role of environmental attitudes. Manuscript profile
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        220 - A Study of ICT Role on Educational Justice from the View Point of Secondary School Managers in Mazandaran Province
        Mohammad Salehi Fereshteh Chari Sarasty
        This research was conducted aiming to study the ICT role on educational justice from the view point of secondary school managers in Mazandaran province. The research method was descriptive survey. Statistical population was all secondary school managers of Mazandaran pr More
        This research was conducted aiming to study the ICT role on educational justice from the view point of secondary school managers in Mazandaran province. The research method was descriptive survey. Statistical population was all secondary school managers of Mazandaran province. Based on Krejcie and Morgan, sample size determined 238 individuals (149 female and 89 male), who were selected through stratified random sampling method. Information gathering tool was educational justice questionnaire with 40 questions which were answered by the managers. The questionnaire involved the effect of information and communication technology on educational justice in four dimensions: availability broad development, individual learning flexibility, environmental learning flexibility and feedback presentation. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by specialists’ perspective, and the reliability, using Chronbach's Alpha Coefficient, was calculated 0.82. The collected data was analyzed using one sample t test. The research results showed that ICT was influential on educational justice via availability broad development, individual learning flexibility, environmental learning flexibility and immediate feedback presentation. Manuscript profile
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        221 - The Impact of ICDL In-Service Training on Educational System Staff and Teachers Performance in Marivan
        Omar Mahmoudi Naseh Rookhandeh Heirsh Soltanpanah
        This study examined the impact of ICDL in-service training on individual, occupational, and organizational performances of the staff in educational system in Iran. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey method. Likert-type questionnaire was designed by t More
        This study examined the impact of ICDL in-service training on individual, occupational, and organizational performances of the staff in educational system in Iran. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey method. Likert-type questionnaire was designed by the researchers. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by a group of experts. The reliability of the survey through Alpha Cronbach method was 0.897. The statistical population of the study was all the staff and teachers of Marivan city, among which 291 were selected through Morgan table. One- sample t test and Friedman analysis method were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that ICDL course had an improving effect on individual, occupational and organizational performances of teachers and staff. Word and Excel were selected by the teachers and staff as the most practical skills. Additionally, improving computer knowledge and career performance were the most important goals of teachers and staff to take ICDL courses. Manuscript profile
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        222 - The Relationship between Learning Styles (Active- Reflective and Sequential-Holistic) and Computer Anxiety in Undergraduate Students
        Taleb Zandi
        The purpose of this study was the investigation of the relationship between learning styles (active- reflective and sequential-holistic) and computer anxiety in undergraduate students of faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaee University. To d More
        The purpose of this study was the investigation of the relationship between learning styles (active- reflective and sequential-holistic) and computer anxiety in undergraduate students of faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaee University. To do so, a sample of 310 students was selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Measurement tools in this research included Felder - Soloman learning styles questionnaire (1999) and Heinsen and colleagues computer anxiety questionnaire (1987). The research data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics (mean, frequency, standard deviation, independent t test, and point biserial correlation coefficient) and the following results were obtained: There was a significant relationship between active-reflective learning style and students' computer anxiety, i.e., students with reflective learning style had more anxiety than those with active style. There was also significant relationship between sequential-holistic learning style and computer anxiety, so that students with holistic learning style had a higher computer anxiety than those with sequential learning style. There was no significant relationship between gender and computer anxiety.  Manuscript profile
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        223 - The Impact of E-Content Based on Gardner's Intrapersonal ‎and Interpersonal Intelligences on Students Learning
        Elahe Badie Mehran Farajollahi
        The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of e-content based on Gardner's intrapersonal ‎and interpersonal intelligences on students learning. In this quasi-experimental applied research, the pre-test - post-test with control group method was conducted in More
        The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of e-content based on Gardner's intrapersonal ‎and interpersonal intelligences on students learning. In this quasi-experimental applied research, the pre-test - post-test with control group method was conducted in the academic year of 2012- 2013. Sixty third grade computer students of vocational ‎schools in Isfahan participated in this study. They were selected through multistage cluster sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Background characteristics and ‎profiles of multiple intelligences were measured in both groups via Mackenzie questionnaire and homogeneity of the two groups was ‎evaluated. Cronbach's alpha reliability of this instrument was calculated 0.738. Both groups (experimental and control) were trained same lessons in 8 sessions (each 70 minutes) in conventional method. Students of experimental group used a researcher-made e-content for learning, beside the conventional method, in ‎their class.  In both groups the same pre-test and post-test were ‎performed. Multivariate covariance ‎analysis revealed that learning achievements in the group trained with the e-content based on ‎intrapersonal intelligence was significantly higher than the control group, but in method based on ‎interpersonal intelligence, there was no significant difference between the learning achievements of ‎the two groups.‎ Manuscript profile
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        224 - A Comparative Analysis of American Policy Towards International System: With emphasis on presidents Obama and Trump
        Mohammad Reza Jalali bahram yousefi Rouhollah Shahabi Hamed Ameri Golestani
        10.30495/pir.2021.686838
        This article looks at America's policy regarding international system during Obama and Trump presidency. This research tries to answer the question as to what role did the "individual"variables(Obama and Trump)play in America's approach towards international system, and More
        This article looks at America's policy regarding international system during Obama and Trump presidency. This research tries to answer the question as to what role did the "individual"variables(Obama and Trump)play in America's approach towards international system, and how influential they were? In answering this question, therefore, the hypothesis of the article is:" given the deciding role of presidents in American foreign policy making; and also the difference in terms of thought and outlook bye the two presidents, the " individual" variable has had a great influence on America's approach to international system. The purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which the "individual" factor influences the US approach to the international system and the scientific and realistic knowledge of Obama and Trump's personality traits and their impact on US foreign policy and the US approach to the international system. Based on the findings of the article, it can be said that the role and influence of individual variables in the foreign policy of this country has been high at this time; So that their foreign policy was due to the fact that they were two different and somewhat contradictory personalities, which originated mainly from their individual characteristics. Manuscript profile
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        225 - تجزیه و تحلیل مقایسه ای تکنیکهای استدلالی بکار رفته در مقالات استدلالی نویسندگان انگلیسی و فارسی زبان
        رضا بیریا معصومه یخابی
        هدف از این تحقیق مقایسه تکنیکهای استدلالی بکار رفته در مقالات استدلالی نویسندگان انگلیسی و فارسی زبان میباشد. برای حصول این هدف بیست مقاله استدلالی (10 مقاله فارسی و 10 مقاله انگلیسی) از بین مقالات الکترونیکی انتخاب شدند. مقالات گزینش شده در دو زبان  به صورت دو به More
        هدف از این تحقیق مقایسه تکنیکهای استدلالی بکار رفته در مقالات استدلالی نویسندگان انگلیسی و فارسی زبان میباشد. برای حصول این هدف بیست مقاله استدلالی (10 مقاله فارسی و 10 مقاله انگلیسی) از بین مقالات الکترونیکی انتخاب شدند. مقالات گزینش شده در دو زبان  به صورت دو به دو دارای همان موضوع و همان تعداد لغت بودند. این مقالات با تاکید بر کثرت وقوع  و تکرر چهار تکنیک استدلالی تبکیت وپرسش بدیهی و امارو رجوع به نظر کارشناس  مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. سپس با استفاده از ابزار اماری مناسب نتایج حاصله در دو زبان با همدیگر مقایسه شد. نتایج حاصله بیانگر این بود که هر چند نویسندگان هر دو زبان از هر چهار تکنیک  در مقالات استدلالی خود استفاده کردند ولیکن کثرت وقوع دو تکنیک تبکیت وپرسش بدیهی در دو زبان به طور چشمگیری با یکدیگر متثاوت بود. نویسندگان انگلیسی تکنیکهای مستقیم و صریح را ترجیح مدادند در حالی که نویسندگان فارسی تمایل بیشتری به استفاده از تکنیکهای غیر مستقیم و غیر صریح در مقالات استدلالی خود داشتند. نتایج به دست امده از این تحقیق همچنین نشان میدهد که در محیطهایی که انگلیسی به عنوان یک زبان خارجی تدریس میشود تفاوتهای فرهنگی و تاثیر انها بر نوشتار رسمی میتواند نوشتن مقالات استدلالی به زبان انگلیسی را برای فارسی زبانان  تبد یل به امری دشوار سازد. Manuscript profile
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        226 - A comparative comparison of how young individuals spend their leisure time in suburban and non-suburban areas of zahedan
        Afshin Param سپیده حضرتی Azade Mosavi
        The present study was conducted by the aim of comparing how young individuals spend their leisure time in suburban and non-suburban areas of Zahedan. The study and importance of paying attention to the way in which young individuals spend their leisure time to some exte More
        The present study was conducted by the aim of comparing how young individuals spend their leisure time in suburban and non-suburban areas of Zahedan. The study and importance of paying attention to the way in which young individuals spend their leisure time to some extent expresses the attitudes and values governed in society. In the past, the was in which leisure time was spent depended on the social strata of individuals. However now, with the changes in people s lifestyle, leisure time is considered part of each person s life that can play a meaningful role in their ability. The dominant opinions in this study are the ideas of Bordio and Domazie (1974). This study is an analytical descriptive one which was done by survey method. The statistical population of the study was all young individuals aged 18-29 years in Zahedan with the number of 1200 people which out of them, 291 people were selected as sample based on the multi-stage cluster sampling method. In order to collect information, a lifestyle questionnaire and a researcher-made reliability questionnaire (0/85) were used. Findings of this research indicate that: there is a significant difference between lifestyle, the was in which leisure time is spent and leisure time companions in suburban and leisure time companions in suburban and non-suburban areas. Manuscript profile
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        227 - .A sociological inquiry about alienation, the city and the story (Investigating the phenomenon of alienation in the Moscow metropolitan community in the story of the "Heart of a dog")
        Khayyam Abbassi
        In this article, the phenomenon of individual alienation in the Moscow metropolitan area is studied in Mikhail Bulgakov's long story "The Dog". The long story "Heart of a Dog" echoes Bulgakov's frustration with the Russian Revolution of 1917 AD. The question in this art More
        In this article, the phenomenon of individual alienation in the Moscow metropolitan area is studied in Mikhail Bulgakov's long story "The Dog". The long story "Heart of a Dog" echoes Bulgakov's frustration with the Russian Revolution of 1917 AD. The question in this article concerns the way the phenomenon of urban alienation in the Soviet Union emerged as a model in Soviet fiction, and how Bulgakov attempted to shape, describe, and solve this problem. This research lies in the interpretive paradigm and utilized the qualitative method and the story under study is selected by the “famous sample” sampling technique. In analyzing this story from a sociological point of view, alienation theories of Marx, Max Weber and Simmel were also utilized. The results showed that Bolgakov, by analyzing the story in the form of Fabel and Joke succeeded in the application of Marxian ideaology of Leninist-Stalinist for depicting human urban proletarians in the first years of the October Revolution and the analysis of its negative consequences. Apart from this result, the author has also pursued and stated additional goals such as his explicit opposition to the Russian October Revolution. Manuscript profile
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        228 - The Relationship between Socio-cultural and economic factors and lifestyle of villages converted to cities in Iran (Case of study: New cities of Khaf and Roshtkhar counties in Khorasan Razavi state)
        علی اصغر مهاجرانی مهدی یوسف نیا
        Under the impact of urbanization, a variety of socio-cultural and economic factors influence to change people's lifestyle. Lifestyle preferences of people are demonstrated in their leisure activities, clothing, nutrition, body management, architecture and interior layou More
        Under the impact of urbanization, a variety of socio-cultural and economic factors influence to change people's lifestyle. Lifestyle preferences of people are demonstrated in their leisure activities, clothing, nutrition, body management, architecture and interior layout of their homes. This study aimed to examine impact of social, cultural and economic factors on the lifestyle of the inhabitants of the villages that have become as a city in Khorasan Razavi Province of khaf and Rushtkhvar. The theoretical framework of the study was based on the ideas of IbnKhaldun, Weber, Veblen, Simmel, Bourdieu, Giddens and Cheney. The research method utilized was survey and data gathering tool was a questionnaire. The research population consisted of all the residents of three centers in the provinces of Khaf and Roshtkhar in horasan Razavi state of which, using a quota sampling technique, 337 individuals were selected as the sample. The results showed that social participation (r=0.116), political and administrative organizations (r=0.013), transportations and communication network (r=0.030), the spirit of individualism (r=0.218), class identity (r=-0.006)' indirect and secondary relationships (r=0.083), (as social factors), cultural and educational facilities (r=0.019), media consumption (r=0.276) and cultural capital (r=0.043) (as cultural factors), and consumerism (r=0.229), shopping (r=0.007), inclination to speculate (r=0.038), the fading of mutual support (r=0.001) , and economic prosperity (r=0.128) (as economic factors) are significantly related to lifestyle. Manuscript profile
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        229 - A comparative study of young individuals’ leisure time activities in slum and non-slum areas of zahedan
        afshin ghorbani param sepide hazrati Azade Mosavi
        10.30495/uss.2021.689688
        This study aimed to compare how young individuals spend their leisure time in slum and non-slum areas of Zahedan. Studying and paying attention to the ways in which young individuals spend their leisure time expresses, to some extent the dominant attitudes and values of More
        This study aimed to compare how young individuals spend their leisure time in slum and non-slum areas of Zahedan. Studying and paying attention to the ways in which young individuals spend their leisure time expresses, to some extent the dominant attitudes and values of the society. In the past, the ways in which leisure time was spent depended on the social class of individuals. However, nowadays, with the changes in people’s lifestyle, leisure time has become a part of each person’s life that can play a meaningful role in their capabilities. The theoretical framework of this study drew on the ideas of Bourdieu and Domazie. This study was an analytical descriptive one which was done by survey method. The research population of the study consisted of all young individuals aged 18-29 years in Zahedan who numbered 1200 people, of which, via a multi-stage cluster sampling method 291 people were selected as the sample. In order to collect information, a lifestyle questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of (0/85) were used. The findings indicated that there is a significant difference between lifestyles, the ways in which leisure time was spent, and leisure time companions in slum areas and non-slum areas  Manuscript profile
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        230 - Individual-institutional dysfunction and collective cooperation: The study of farmers’ understanding in Semiram about water scarcity in urban life.
        Mahmood Ghasemi Azimeh Sadat Abdullahi Shapour Behyan
        10.30495/uss.2023.708006
        This research examines the semantic understanding of Semiram farmers regarding water scarcity. The grounded theory research method, a systematic approach, was used to achieve this objective. The research participants consisted of Semiram farmers. The sampling method emp More
        This research examines the semantic understanding of Semiram farmers regarding water scarcity. The grounded theory research method, a systematic approach, was used to achieve this objective. The research participants consisted of Semiram farmers. The sampling method employed was purposeful, resulting in 25 farmers being interviewed using a semi-structured interview format. The interviews were analyzed using the three-step coding method of grounded theory. The findings revealed that several causal conditions contribute to water scarcity in Semiram, including changing patterns, inefficient governance, and climate changes. To address water scarcity, farmers have proposed three strategies: strengthening traditions of cooperation, fostering an environmental culture, and promoting alternative industrialism. The realization of these strategies is influenced by economic policies and water resources management. Economic individualism and limited financial resources act as hindering factors for coping strategies related to water scarcity. According to the farmers' perspective, the consequences of implementing these strategies include economic life reconstruction, social life reconstruction, and environmental life reconstruction. Furthermore, individual-institutional inefficiency and cooperation emerge as central categories in the farmers' semantic understanding of water scarcity in Semiram. The result showed that water scarcity is under the influence of both individual and institutional categories. Therefore, the strategies to face it are also individual-institutional and the consequences of these strategies are also the same. Manuscript profile
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        231 - Estimation of Individual Heterosis for Lamb Growth in Ghezal and Mehraban Sheep
        H. Atashi J. Izadifar
        Manuscript profile
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        232 - همخونی و اثرات آن روی وزن بدن، نسبت کلیبر، ابعاد بدن، وزن بیده و صفات تولید‌مثلی در گوسفند نژاد ماکویی
        ش. جعفری
        مبنا و اساس این مطالعه مروری در نظر گرفتن نقشی است که عوامل حیوانی (تولید شیر بالقوه، وزن بدن، امتیاز شرایط بدنی، وضعیت شیردهی، شکم زایش و باروری) در عملکرد تولید شیر (با در نظر گرفتن توازن انرژی و عملکرد شکمبه در طی منحنی کامل شیردهی حیوانات) و کیفیت شیر (محتوای پروتئی More
        مبنا و اساس این مطالعه مروری در نظر گرفتن نقشی است که عوامل حیوانی (تولید شیر بالقوه، وزن بدن، امتیاز شرایط بدنی، وضعیت شیردهی، شکم زایش و باروری) در عملکرد تولید شیر (با در نظر گرفتن توازن انرژی و عملکرد شکمبه در طی منحنی کامل شیردهی حیوانات) و کیفیت شیر (محتوای پروتئین شیر، محتوای چربی شیر، محتوای لاکتوز شیر، ویتامین­ها، مواد معدنی، ایمنوگلوبولین‌ها، سلول­های شیر، باکتری­های بیماریزا و بازدارنده­ها) گاوهای شیری در حال چرا (با در نظر گرفتن نرخ جایگزینی و پاسخ تولید شیر در مرتع حیوانات در شرایط مصرف برنامه­های مکمل­سازی مختلف) ایفا می­کنند. تمامی این عوامل، در جهت دستیابی به تولید شیر بالا در حیوانات، به مدیریت مرتع به عنوان عوامل کلیدی بقای سیستم­های شیری چرا و به منظور حفظ مصرف ماده خشک مرتعی بالا در چمنزارهای با کیفیت علوفه گرامینه بالا (سطوح بالای پروتئین خام، کربوهیدرات‌های محلول در آب و قابلیت هضم ماده آلی در مرتع ولی دارای سطوح پایین الیاف نامحلول در محلول پاک کننده اسیدی و خنثی) توجه دارند، که در تمامی طول فصل چرا نیازهای گاو را در تمامی زمان­ها و در طی طول دوره شیردهی برآورده نماید. همچنین ضروری است تا استفاده از مکمل­سازی مرتع (به طور طبیعی در نقطه اوج دوره شیردهی، زمانی که گاوها به طور کلی در وضعیت توازن منفی انرژی هستند و فراهم نمودن مواد سیلو شده یا کنسانتره می‌تواند به بهبود این شرایط کمک کند) بتواند سطح تولید شیر را در حد مطلوب حفظ نماید. به موجب این امر، باید به دنبال دستیابی به نرخ تبدیل بهینه علوفه گرامینه به شیر به صورت رقابتی و سودآور بود. برای نیل به این هدف سیستم­های تولید شیر مبتنی بر مرتع در بیشتر مناطق معتدله در سرتاسر جهان ایجاد شده است که تأکید آنها بر افزایش قیمت شیر و افزایش درآمد دامداران در نواحی مرطوبی نظیر گالیسیا (در شمال غربی اسپانیا) است. در این صورت بهبود کمیت و کیفیت شیر تولیدی به صنایع شیری انتقال می­یابد. Manuscript profile
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        233 - A Study of Didactic Themes in the Unknown Masnavi of Zahir Kermani
        Pari Malmoly Ahmadreza Yalameha Parisa Davari
        10.30495/pars.2022.690514
        Zahir Kermani's Masnavi is one of the precious literary works of the twelfth century AH, which is full of didactic teachings that have not been published yet. This collection is replete with didactic themes and meanings that the poet has used according to his excitation More
        Zahir Kermani's Masnavi is one of the precious literary works of the twelfth century AH, which is full of didactic teachings that have not been published yet. This collection is replete with didactic themes and meanings that the poet has used according to his excitation and zeal. Wherever he has the opportunity, he has given advice to the audience. In the present study, the researcher decided to discuss the educational and moral themes and backgrounds in this lyrical collection for the first time by using the documentary-library method of analysis. The most important question in this research is whether the traces of the poet's religious thoughts and beliefs are evident in this work and whether in addition to individual ethics, social ethics is also considered in this work. The research results show that the poet in Shiite school of thought and the source of his thoughts derives from the Shiite school, the verses and hadiths of the Ahl al-Bayt of infallibility and purity. These thoughts are clearly reflected in his poems.   Manuscript profile
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        234 - Moral criticism of Tohfa book (8th century Hijri) based on the school of moral utilitarianism
        Asieh Zabihnia Ahmadreza Yalameha
        10.30495/pars.2023.707731
        The present study deals with the moral criticism of the Book of Tohfa (8th century Hijri) based on the school of moral utilitarianism. Tohfa has ten chapters and several allegorical and historical stories mixed with prose and poetry. The author of the book is unknown, b More
        The present study deals with the moral criticism of the Book of Tohfa (8th century Hijri) based on the school of moral utilitarianism. Tohfa has ten chapters and several allegorical and historical stories mixed with prose and poetry. The author of the book is unknown, but it is likely that its author is Mirza Sharafuddin Fadlullah Ibn Abdullah Qazwini (around 640-740). Tohfa is an educational work in cities politics that can be analyzed based on moral theories. One of these schools is moral utilitarianism. Utilitarianism believes in a normative moral system that considers the originality of pleasure as the criterion of the moral character of an action. From the point of view of this school, values deserve to be preserved and promoted as long as they can be interpreted and translated into the interests of individual well-being and collective pleasure, but the benefit of the individual is always preferred over that of the public. The present study, by using a descriptive-analytical method, tries to answer the question of which type of moral utilitarianism has a high frequency in Tohfa? Findings indicate that the most moral benefit considered in this literary text is the collective benefit and the interests of the public. The author of Tohfa, under the influence of Islamic moral teachings, conveys direct and indirect recommendations to the readers in more than 55 anecdotes and allegories which have religious and educational values in addition to creating literary pleasure for the audience. Manuscript profile
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        235 - Individual and Social ethics in Safvatolsafa
        mahin panahi soraya K.Younjali
        This research paper by using the method of analytical content has tried to answer this question that how Sheyhk Safi has influenced a large area of Islamic and non-Islamic countries with his teaching ethics of mysticism. In individual ethics, Sheyhk Safi as a mystic by More
        This research paper by using the method of analytical content has tried to answer this question that how Sheyhk Safi has influenced a large area of Islamic and non-Islamic countries with his teaching ethics of mysticism. In individual ethics, Sheyhk Safi as a mystic by emphasizing on the training and controlling of the self had explained its danger to his followers. From Sheyhk Safi's perspective, a wayfarer must purify his inside from everything except Allah by using holy war (Jihad). Human must change self-centeredness to Allah centeredness. According to him the appropriate arms for fighting against the self is invocation of God, strenuous effort, and rigorous. He has put emphasis on the purifying of heart by stopping doing wrong acts. in social ethics –contrary to criticism to Sufism in this regard –he had a successful family. He didn’t leave family and society for other worldly affairs; on the contrary, searching different carriers and earning living was the top priority for him.  Manuscript profile
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        236 - The necessary of archetype role of the wise old man in education of the human
        Mohammad Barani Fatemah Teimoori
        Nizami Gnjavi’s works have been always considered as open and interpretable texts due to the complexity of meaning and language. As a result, it’s been analyzed in different perspectives. Archetype criticism of the literary works is a psychological one that More
        Nizami Gnjavi’s works have been always considered as open and interpretable texts due to the complexity of meaning and language. As a result, it’s been analyzed in different perspectives. Archetype criticism of the literary works is a psychological one that has been common like the other interdisciplinary studies in the last decades. The review that studying the themes and images of the Jungian archetypes are in the human nature indicate the universality of human massage and poetry feelings. Emphasizing on the moral principles and trainings is one of the permanent principles of eternity for a work in the Orient. The main purpose of a poet in didactic poetry is the training of philosophy and morals, describing and explaining of the education, philosophic issues, thoughts, and inserting a lesson theme. Eskandar Nameh composed by Hakim Nizami Ganjavi is the manifestation of thoughts besides moral and philosophical principles. He composed the most valuable concepts of humanitarian. As an idealism thinker he raised the personality of hero; namely, Alexander, to help and guide a wise old up to an ideal man in his story. The behavioral characteristics of a human that reach to a perfection and each time this perfection is growing. In the present study with the help of Yung’s psychological school and the archetype, Nizami’s Eskandar Nameh has been studied and the role of old wise man in educational points has been taken into account.  Manuscript profile
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        237 - Investigating the educational dimension of Rumi's Masnavi based on the theory of associationism (According to Sigmund Freud and Carl Gustav Jung)
        Mahboobeh Shirgardoon Mahmoud Sadeghzadeh
        10.30495/pars.2023.704723
        The scope of this article is literature, mysticism and psychology with the focus of Masnavi Maulavi. With the emergence of literary and non-literary theories, including psychological theories, a multi-faceted relationship between different sciences has emerged; Among th More
        The scope of this article is literature, mysticism and psychology with the focus of Masnavi Maulavi. With the emergence of literary and non-literary theories, including psychological theories, a multi-faceted relationship between different sciences has emerged; Among them, the interdisciplinary relationship between literature, psychology and mysticism. This incident caused literature to become an application-oriented reading. With the help of psychological theories, literature has increased its scientific and practical appeal in literary and mystical texts; Among the topics discussed in this article is the category of association. Association is one of the mental abilities and as an educational style, it has a special place in literary texts, especially in the mystical genre. In the associative learning style, learning is not predetermined. This style defines the teaching process in the course of teaching and happens unexpectedly. Its other features are the dynamics of the text structure, the richness of speech, diversity of thought, multi-layeredness, and psychotherapy. Another topic of the article is to examine the educational function of Masnavi's stories, as well as individual and collective unconscious knowledge based on association theory. The current research was conducted in a library method and shows how to achieve individual and collective unconscious knowledge based on the theory of Freud and Jung. Another topic of the article was the analysis of the personality structure and dimensions of Freud's mind and Jung's individuation process, relying on the educational and psychological dimension of dreams, centered on spiritual stories. Manuscript profile
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        238 - Check Indexes of Quality of Life Individual - Social Urban Spaces with an Emphasis on Gender (Case Study: City of Sanandaj)
        Z. Fanni F. vahedi yeganeh
        The rapid growth of urbanization and ignoring the qualitative aspects of human life, adverse effects on individual health and social and urban life is laid. Measuring quality of life in cities affected by external factors such as the men and women of vision, infrastruct More
        The rapid growth of urbanization and ignoring the qualitative aspects of human life, adverse effects on individual health and social and urban life is laid. Measuring quality of life in cities affected by external factors such as the men and women of vision, infrastructure and social relations, and internal factors such as social, environmental and so on. Today, the need to review approaches and urban policies, with the goals of gender inequality is considered fundamental reform of urban planning. However, these differences have been ignored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of individual and social life in urban spaces with an emphasis on gender in the city of Sanandaj, the dimensions and components were analyzed through SPSS software. The results showed that from the perspective of women, of participation, access, awareness and quality features of "poor" performance dimensions, physical comfort, beauty and safety of the quality of "average", and aspects of psychological well-being and identity of Quality "above" them. Also from the perspective of men, dimensions, performance, participation, physical comfort, access and quality facilities "weak", the dimensions of psychological comfort, beauty and quality awareness "average", and safety aspects of identity and quality "high", respectively. Also, using Friedman ranking, the ranking criteria were used. The results showed that from the perspective of women, indicators related to identity (9.33) desirable; and with the participation of (2.12) indices are undesirable. Also from the perspective of men, indicators related to identity (9.74) and wanted to participate (2.04) indices are undesirable. Manuscript profile
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        239 - Modeling Effective Components on Development Agritourism Township Masal
        habib mahmoodi seyyed hasan moteei langrodi hasanali farajisabokbar MOJTABA Ghadiri Masom majid yasoori
        Agritourism is a form of nich tourism, part of rural tourism, which is blended with the components of the village, farm, tourists, stakeholders and farmers who are always exposed to all kinds of economic risks.This research aims to model the effective factors on the dev More
        Agritourism is a form of nich tourism, part of rural tourism, which is blended with the components of the village, farm, tourists, stakeholders and farmers who are always exposed to all kinds of economic risks.This research aims to model the effective factors on the development of agritourism in Masal Township with an emphasis on the component of the farmer, and attempts to present this form of tourism as a strategy for diversification into resources by presenting a model of the position of farmers in forming agricultural tourism. Income for villagers.. The township of Masal has 108 rural areas. In total and based on sampling in descriptive studies, 20% of villages, 20 villages were identified as examples.The statistical population consisted of 2588 rural households located in 20 rural areas selected in three areas, ranges, foothill and mountainous. Based on the Cochran sampling formula with a 5% error rate, 338 rural households were selected as the sample population.The approach of this research is quantitative, and in analyzing the data, descriptive and analytical-exploratory tests have been used.  The results of the research showed that the indices that farmers need to consider for agritourism should include individual characteristics of farmers, knowledge and skills, capital and assets, motivation and willingness to provide services to agricultural tourists. Also, the overall survey results showed that based on the indicators mentioned in the current situation, rural households living in mountainous and mountainous regions tend to be more inclined to accept agricultural tourism. Manuscript profile
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        240 - Analysis of the effect of environmentalist behaviors on individual-social well-being through the mediation of place attachment in Sorkhab neighborhood of Tabriz
        Ali Zeynali Azim Bahram Mohammadian Mahdi Pourakbar Pooya Gholizadeh Lida Akhlaghi
        Introduction: Environmental problems and challenges are one of the major concerns of today's society. Most of these challenges are caused by human behavior, which can be overcome by changing their attitude and behavior and making them aware of the consequences of these More
        Introduction: Environmental problems and challenges are one of the major concerns of today's society. Most of these challenges are caused by human behavior, which can be overcome by changing their attitude and behavior and making them aware of the consequences of these problems. Some of the most important environmental behaviors have many personal, social, and environmental benefits, and improving them affects attachment to a place. Involvement in environmental behaviors makes residents to do something good for themselves, for their community, and for the place they live in, and this type of behavior increases their level of well-being and attachment to their place. give.Research aim: This research analyzes the effect of environmentalist behaviors on individual-social well-being through the mediation of place attachment in Sorkhab neighborhood of Tabriz.Methodology: The current research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the research is the residents of Sorkhab neighborhood, which was 373 people based on Cochran's formula. Structural equation method with Amos and Spss software was used for data analysis.Studied Areas: The geographical scope of this research is Surkhab neighborhood of Tabriz city.Results: Structural equation analysis indicated a direct positive effect of environmentalist behavior on individual-social well-being and also attachment to place. Attachment to the place was to some extent the relationship between environmentalist behaviors and individual-social well-being. This research is significant and important in that it provides new data on how pro-environmental behaviors increase individual and social well-being by potentially ensuring long-term benefits.Conclusion: As a result of this research, it was shown that stimulating, arousing and recommending this type of behavior is important. Manuscript profile
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        241 - Gender and Net Farm Income of Cassava Farmers under Individual Land Tenure System in Abia State
        A, Henri-Ukoha J.S, Orebiyi D.O, Ohajianya U.C, Ibekwe S.U.O, Onyeagocha F.O, Nwosu U.I, Nwaiwu
        Manuscript profile
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        242 - Designing human resource productivity model with organizational goals with emphasis on individual and organizational factors
        bahador changizi mojgan amirianzadeh moslem salehi reza zareie
        Organizations are equipped by their human resources and by the same human resources; Set goals will be achievable. Therefore, the human resources of the organization need more attention and development because human resources alone can increase efficiency and productivi More
        Organizations are equipped by their human resources and by the same human resources; Set goals will be achievable. Therefore, the human resources of the organization need more attention and development because human resources alone can increase efficiency and productivity. The research was done in two stages. In the first stage, which was done qualitatively. 18 interviews were conducted with experts. Then, the data were analyzed by content analysis method and based on this stage and the literature, the research model was designed and then a questionnaire including the basis of Likert spectrum and including individual, organizational and organizational productivity goals was prepared. In the second stage, 337 questionnaires were purposefully distributed among the employees of the National Iranian Gas Company, using SPSS and Smart Pls software and correlation test and implementation of structural equations were examined. According to the research findings, the individual and organizational dimensions have a positive and significant relationship with productivity. Therefore, in order to achieve organizational goals, individual performance and organizational performance should be given more attention. Based on the research results, suggestions were presented in both executive and research sections. The research results increase our knowledge in the field of individual factors and organizational factors and organizational goals. The study of research model in organizations and other departments with different statistical population is suggested to future researchers. The limitation of the statistical population to the National Iranian Gas Company is one of the limitations of the research that reduces its generalizability.   Manuscript profile
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        243 - Investigating the role of individual, family, social and economic factors in the tendency towards addiction in women (Case Study: Golestan Province)
        Akram Mohammadiniko Alireza Ghorbani Azam Mohhamadinikoo
        Drug addiction is a social pathology that underlies the cause of the collapse of many values, cultural norms and ethics. This dilemma was considered by men only, but has recently also involved women. Objective: The present study aims to investigate the individual, famil More
        Drug addiction is a social pathology that underlies the cause of the collapse of many values, cultural norms and ethics. This dilemma was considered by men only, but has recently also involved women. Objective: The present study aims to investigate the individual, familial, social, and economical factors. Methodology: This study was performed in Applied and survey manner. Method: Statistical population includes all of women who had referred to two rehab centers in Gorgan and Azadshahr cities. The subject was consisted of all women with a tendency toward addiction in Addiction Treatment Center in Gorgan, all 343 people were considered. The sample size using Cochran formula was 200 people. Sampling was conducted in random manner. Data collection was done by using self-made questionnaire in this research. To analyze the data obtained from research Amos software was used. Findings: The results obtained from factor analysis model showed that the most significant factor that causes addiction in women was individual factor with the factor loading of .92, the second was related to familial factor, the third effective factor was social factor and the last factor was economical factor with no significant effect. Conclusion: In this study it was shown that among women addiction tendency factors, individual, familial and social were the most effective one. Manuscript profile
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        244 - Investigation of Individual and Social Outcomes of Infertility on Couples in Masjed Soleyman
        mahmoud yaghoubi doust
        The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the social and individual consequences of infertile couples in Masjed Soleiman. The research method, the survey method and the statistical population of the present study included infertile couples referring to Ma More
        The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the social and individual consequences of infertile couples in Masjed Soleiman. The research method, the survey method and the statistical population of the present study included infertile couples referring to Masjed-e Soleiman Medical Centers, which were selected using Cochran sampling of 109 couples. The researcher-made questionnaire and the standard questionnaire (BAK depression test) were used to measure the questionnaires. The data were analyzed by statistical, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation, Chi square, F, and variance analysis and SPSS software. The results of the hypothesis test showed that there is a meaningful relationship between couples' infertility and their willingness to divorce and job problems. But the results of the findings did not show the relationship between couples infertility with the variables of interactions and social relationships, depression, and duration of marital survival. The results of the hypothesis test showed that there is a meaningful relationship between couples' infertility and their willingness to divorce and job problems. But the results of the findings did not show the relationship between couples infertility with the variables of interactions and social relationships, depression, and duration of marital survival. Manuscript profile
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        245 - A comparative study of the concept and characteristics of the family in the islamic and western model ( pattern )
        shoeyb rashidi Seyed Hesamoldin Hosseini moosa shahriyari
        The Family Is An Important Social Institution That Is Of Great Importance In Different Societies And Cultures. The Importance Of The Family In Human Communities Stems From The Important Functions That This Institution Plays; But The Characteristics Of The Family Are Dif More
        The Family Is An Important Social Institution That Is Of Great Importance In Different Societies And Cultures. The Importance Of The Family In Human Communities Stems From The Important Functions That This Institution Plays; But The Characteristics Of The Family Are Different In Different Societies. In This Article, Its Features In Islamic Thought And Model And Western Thought And Model Have Been Studied. The Main Question That Has Been Raised And Studied In This Field Is What Are The Functions Of The Family In Islam And The West And What Are The Differences Between Them? The Present Article Is A Descriptive-Analytical And Examines The Question Using The Library Method. The Results Of The Research Show That The Institution Of The Family And The Effective Factors In Its Upbringing And Its Strength Are Among The Topics That Have Been Seriously Considered In The Teachings Of Islam. In Islamic Thought, There Are Many Moral, Doctrinal And Devotional Advices That Adhering To Them Strengthens, Educates And Strengthens The Family. Therefore, The Family Has A High Status, Honorable Status And A Special And Special Position And Has A Deep And Wide Contribution To The Progress And Development Of Human Beings. In Western Thought, Satisfying Sexual Needs Is Socialization Is One Of The Most Important Functions Of The Family, But In Islamic Thought And Model, Providing Spiritual Needs, Generation And At The Same Time Providing Sexual Needs, Strengthening And Development Of Human Beings And Preventing Functional Chaos. The Family Is In Islam, Which Has Placed Much Emphasis On The Spiritual, Spiritual And Social Dimensions Of The Family Compared To The Western Model. Manuscript profile
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        246 - Sociological analysis of lawyer's defense immunity in Iranian law
        Abdul Ali Kodabakhshi karim salehi Mahdi Dehshiri
        Defense immunity of lawyers as one of the most important pillars of the Iranian judicial structure includes guarantees related to defense in the constitution. The institution of advocacy also plays a role as one of the fundamental rays of normal proceedings in the judic More
        Defense immunity of lawyers as one of the most important pillars of the Iranian judicial structure includes guarantees related to defense in the constitution. The institution of advocacy also plays a role as one of the fundamental rays of normal proceedings in the judiciary. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of sociological analysis of the defense immunity of a lawyer in Iranian criminal law by descriptive documentary method. For theoretical literature, the views of Parsons, the Legislature, Durkheim's oversight, Habermas Civil Society, Marshall Civil Law, Bourdieu Institutional Trust, Kant & Rawls Justice, Popper, Berlin, and Sartre have been used. Documentary findings from the analysis of existing texts have shown that the defense immunity of lawyers in two main areas of sociology and law has been examined. In the sociological field, the findings show that the categories of rule of law, oversight, public sphere, civil society and institutional trust with social and theoretical mechanisms have led to the defense immunity of lawyers and government institutions using the separation of powers and creating free space in the development of individual freedoms And civil can create grounds for increasing legal powers to enhance the defense immunity of lawyers. In the legal sector, the lawyer is in a position to defend the respect and security of judicial employees, and in this way, with the strategies of the principle of dignity, protection of rights, realization of rights along with increasing oversight and guaranteeing judicial authority, defense immunity is achieved. Manuscript profile
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        247 - The effect of perceived organizational support, distributive justice, individual-organization fit, intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation on innovative work behavior (case study: Pars Energy Special Economic Zone - National Oil Company)
        amirreza alizadeh majd mahboubeh Porgou arefeh davoodi zahra daniyari
        The purpose of this research was to study the effect of distributive justice, perceived organizational support, individual-organization fit, intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation on innovative work behavior in Pars Energy Special Economic Zone - National Oil Com More
        The purpose of this research was to study the effect of distributive justice, perceived organizational support, individual-organization fit, intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation on innovative work behavior in Pars Energy Special Economic Zone - National Oil Company. The current research is practical in terms of its purpose, and in terms of the type of data collection and survey information, it is of the correlation branch and of the structural equation modeling type. The statistical population of the research is 148 specialists related to the subject in the National Iranian Oil Company, the available random sampling method was used for sampling. The information obtained from the questionnaire was analyzed by SMART PLS2 structural equation software. The findings concluded that distributive justice has an effect on employee innovation, which means that the innovative work behavior of employees increases when the organization has the correct implementation of justice in its work environment. On the other hand, motivation is the key through which people can customize efforts to generate and implement innovative ideas. Innovation needs support and encouragement in the organization, and in this regard, when people working in the organization are supported, they feel they can test new ideas and methods with the aim of achieving their goals or completing their tasks, that is, increasing perceived organizational support leads to improvement. The work behavior becomes innovative, and the fit between the individual and the organization has a positive and significant effect on the innovative work behavior. Manuscript profile
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        248 - Factors Affecting Anomie (Anomaly) Political, Case Study: Ilam Citizens
        مهرداد نوابخش عزالدین نوریان فر
        The aim of present research is to study factors on Anomie sense of political case, citizens of the province Ilam and to implement researcher has used descriptive method in this research study. Data were gathered in 2015. In this research, by investigating Durkhim works, More
        The aim of present research is to study factors on Anomie sense of political case, citizens of the province Ilam and to implement researcher has used descriptive method in this research study. Data were gathered in 2015. In this research, by investigating Durkhim works, a theoretical model was proposed to consider the factors effective on the perception of political anomy, including: accelerated economic changes, political dependancy, religious unity, unfairness of rules, individualism, secularism. The second hypothesis is that the role of cohesion was the religious feelings of anomie, the results showed that the T-test -1.21 and the significant level of about 0.016. Therefore, we concluded that there is a significant relationship between both variables. Therefore, we conclude that the relationship between the two is significant. The fourth hypothesis is that the role of individualism on the perception of political anomie was investigated, the results showed that the t-test, the significant level of 4.11 and about 0.044. Therefore, we concluded that the relationship between this two sixth hypothesis is not significant that the role of social and economic base of political anomie was feeling, t-test results showed that the amount equal to -3.92 and the significant level of about 0.000 Therefore, we conclude that In the seventh hypothesis that the role of these two significant correlation policy was the feeling of anomie, the results showed that the rate of t -2.86 and therefore result in a significant level of about 0.023 Presuming that the relationship between the two is significant. Hence, to measure dependant variable it was used four indicators: political anomy perception, political anomy, abnormality, antinormaling. Factor analysis, T.test and standard error results showed that: the variables accelerated economic growth religious solidarity were effective on citizens' political among perception in above intermediate, rules unfairness, individualism and aocio-economic situation in intermediate and secularism were effective in lower than intermediate level.   Manuscript profile
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        249 - Evaluation of Factors Affecting Promote a Culture of Quality in the University System of the Country
        علی فقیه حبیبی اسماعیل کاوسی
        The study is to examine the factors affecting promote a culture of quality in the university system, the University of North Tehran, is done. The study population consisted of university students of this university. Given the population distribution to all students in r More
        The study is to examine the factors affecting promote a culture of quality in the university system, the University of North Tehran, is done. The study population consisted of university students of this university. Given the population distribution to all students in research and the unavailability of information, according to the criteria of the sampling population (based on the sampling method set forth in Table Morgan) (265) was selected as subjects. For any individual, the target population, have an equal chance in the selection of a simple random sampling method is used. This study is applied and the way the survey and the data in this research field and library. To gather the information and data required in this questionnaire that includes 35 items and is adjusted by the investigator 74/0 reliability based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient is estimated that indicates the validity of the instrument. Analysis of the data for this study was conducted at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics. The data described in the section variables and variables by using indices of frequency, relative frequency, mean, standard deviation and variance are presented in tables and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used and t a community for hypothesis testing. Manuscript profile
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        250 - Analysis of the Influence of Islamic Azad University Jahrom Arranged between Students in the Development of Idea modern
        علی شکور علی شمس الدینی سهیلا شهیم
        Since that promote the culture and values of transcendental essential component of a modern - building in the country is to achieve comprehensive development so the role of universities in promoting these values is very important. The recognition of different social cla More
        Since that promote the culture and values of transcendental essential component of a modern - building in the country is to achieve comprehensive development so the role of universities in promoting these values is very important. The recognition of different social classes who entered the University of and  is the role of affect on students and graduates from  basic prerequisite for the development of human resources among communities. This study relied on descriptive analytical and extensive operations and field survey effort in the development of Islamic Azad University jahrom branch, arranged between students and measured values into modern. All undergraduate students studying in the population will consist that they have selected a sample of 120 people. Results showed positive effects with a significant level of 0/05 in the university education, the tendency toward value-oriented reasoning, individualism, egalitarianism, and advancement of the tendency among students to be. Well educated in modern values such as humanism and charm of a small effect on the promotion of the students did not have deter. So the ideals and values of the society and the family confirmed that most can be due to the institutionalization of these principles in the minds of most of the other students that only by setting the value of university are promoted, accepted and accepting students are located. Manuscript profile
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        251 - Explanation of relationship between globalization and individualism among the Youth between 15 to 29 Years of Age in Yazd
        .. افشانی یاسین خرم پور ندا جواهرچیان
        This study with regard to the significant role of globalization and its components in the growth of individualism in intends to investigate the relationship between globalization and individualism among youth 15 and 29 years of age in the Yazd city. In this study, a sur More
        This study with regard to the significant role of globalization and its components in the growth of individualism in intends to investigate the relationship between globalization and individualism among youth 15 and 29 years of age in the Yazd city. In this study, a survey was conducted with 384 young people from Yazd using multi-stage cluster sampling using a research made questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient is used to calculate the reliability of questionnaire. Finding of the study showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between gender and horizontal individualism and there is not a significant relationship between gender and vertical individualism. There is not a significant relationship between education level and individualism. Also, there is a significant positive relationship between globalization and its dimensions and vertical individualism. And there is a significant and positive relationship between horizontal individualism and Cultural Globalization. The regression analysis results indicate that cultural globalization over 17% of the variance in vertical individualism explains. Manuscript profile
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        252 - Social and Cultural Factors influencing the emergence of opportunism in Isfahan
        علی اصغر مهاجرانی پری ناز شفیعی
        The objective of this study was to investigate social and cultural factors contributing to the rise of opportunism in Isfahan. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the opportunists, to assess the impact of social factors on the process of opport More
        The objective of this study was to investigate social and cultural factors contributing to the rise of opportunism in Isfahan. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the opportunists, to assess the impact of social factors on the process of opportunism, to assess the impact of individual factors on the process of seeking opportunities to investigate areas of opportunism in the society and social relations, to study the effect of preventing development of opportunism social is. The theoretical framework of this study, the opinions of experts such as Talcott Parsons, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, Robert Merton, … used. The population in this study, men and women between 20 and 60 years and Isfahan. The number of population (1121214) people and sample size was 384. Correlational survey method to collect the data needed to test the survey questionnaire and the analysis of hypotheses, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and ANOVA based on two independent samples with significant levels of use. The analyzes carried out but test all hypotheses were confirmed hypothesis of social cohesion. Studies in this area show that whatever the religion, the social Solidarity and social capital is, the reduced opportunities in the community. on the other hand the amount of anomie and individualism in society, the greater the opportunities in the community increases. Also according to the results we can say that opportunism is different in terms of age citizens, while gender and marital status has no effect on the tendency of people to not opportunistic behavior. Manuscript profile
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        253 - Investigating individual factors affecting behavioral ambivalence: a systematic review
        malikeh beheshtifar khadigeh Shekhasadi
        Abstract Background and purpose: The concern of many organizations today is that they cannot create the ability to perform another activity at the same time that they are engaged in one activity. Achieving such a transformation is difficult and requires serious attenti More
        Abstract Background and purpose: The concern of many organizations today is that they cannot create the ability to perform another activity at the same time that they are engaged in one activity. Achieving such a transformation is difficult and requires serious attention to create the capacity of behavioral ambivalence in the organization. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that promote ambivalence among employees. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying individual factors affecting behavioral ambivalence. Review method: In this research, which was conducted as a systematic review, studies related to the subject were retrieved using defined search terms and using specific databases. Based on the compliance with the entry and exit criteria, the articles were extracted from them and entered into Excel version 2010. Findings: Among 123 articles, 9 articles were selected. These studies had studied the factors affecting behavioral ambivalence. The results of the research showed that factors such as personality traits, flexibility of human resources, internal motivation, self-efficacy, innovative behavior, and managers' support are effective on behavioral ambivalence. Conclusion: In order to optimally use the capacity of intelligence, knowledge and existing skills of employees and behaviors such as searching for new products or services and innovation in the process, it is necessary for managers to pay attention to individual factors on behavioral ambivalence in organizations.   Manuscript profile
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        254 - Provide a Career Path Pattern
        Mohammad Nasrollahi M. Soltani A. Farahi
        he present study aims to identify the dimensions, components and presentation of the conceptual model of the job path. The research method is descriptive-survey and data is collected through field. The statistical population of the study was 20 faculty members and organ More
        he present study aims to identify the dimensions, components and presentation of the conceptual model of the job path. The research method is descriptive-survey and data is collected through field. The statistical population of the study was 20 faculty members and organizational experts, and then 141 staff members of the organization were selected from among 222 knowledgeable individuals in the field of human resources, using purposeful and random sampling and based on Cochran's formula. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. In determining the reliability and validity of the instrument, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.797 and the coefficients of CVS are 0.95, CV = 0.99, CVI = 0.97. To analyze the data, descriptive-inferential and SPSS software were used. The results of this study indicate that the core study of the present study consists of 7 dimensions and 23 components that are drawn according to the ground conditions of the final model. Manuscript profile
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        255 - Evaluation of the importance and prioritize the factors affecting the empowerment of workers
        Ebrahim Rahimi Najibeh Abbasi Rostami
        ABSTRACT T he aim of this study is to evaluate the importance and prioritize the factors affecting the empowerment of workers in industries. current study on the basis of data gathering is a descriptive survey. The study population consisted of workers in indu More
        ABSTRACT T he aim of this study is to evaluate the importance and prioritize the factors affecting the empowerment of workers in industries. current study on the basis of data gathering is a descriptive survey. The study population consisted of workers in industry over 1,000 people in the markazi province. The sample was 400 people from the community, that by method Sampling and using Morgan table were selected. Data collection tools is included made questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire 0.931 was calculated that is the reliability. T-test and Friedman test By SPSS software was used to evaluate the importance and priority factors affecting the empowerment. The results showed that among the factors affecting empowerment, individual factor as a first priority and group factors, and organizational factors in order of priority have gained the second and third. As well as the individual factors, factors of self-esteem as first priority and commitment, attitude, motivation and emotional intelligence have gained the second to fifth respectively. Among the factor's teamwork, involvement, teamwork and communication have acquired in the ranking first to third. Finally, the organizational factors, the best rank is related to the access to information related to job enrichment is lower. Manuscript profile
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        256 - Identify and rank the factors affecting intergenerational conflicts in the organization (Case study; Kerman Automotive Industries Staff)
        rostam derakhshan
        The present study was conducted to identify and rank the factors affecting intergenerational conflicts in the organization. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection. The statistical population in this stu More
        The present study was conducted to identify and rank the factors affecting intergenerational conflicts in the organization. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection. The statistical population in this study includes the headquarters of Kerman Motor Automotive Industries, which used the available probability sampling method to select members of the statistical sample. According to the statistical population of 310 staff members, the sample size of Cochran's formula is 173 people. To measure intergenerational conflicts, first an expert group consisting of 20 experts was formed, then a research questionnaire in 9 components and 36 items was obtained, which was measured in a 5-point Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaires was formally confirmed. The total reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.752, which was obtained by Cronbach's alpha. The results show that technological and technical factors, acquired skills, generation gap, personality traits, personal beliefs, level of expectations, management style, organizational culture and administrative structure have a significant impact on creating intergenerational conflicts in Kerman Motor Company. But the situation of Kerman Motor car industries is in a favorable situation in terms of these factors. Manuscript profile
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        257 - Effect of McClelland's needs on organizational Citizenship behavior and informal accountabillity through the mediation individual accountability.
        Rahime pourheydar javad keyhan Mohammad Hassani
        This study was conducted with the aim of investigation‌ effect McClelland's needs on organizational Citizenship behavior and informal accountabillity through ‌ the mediation individual accountability. The research method was correlation from the type of structure equati More
        This study was conducted with the aim of investigation‌ effect McClelland's needs on organizational Citizenship behavior and informal accountabillity through ‌ the mediation individual accountability. The research method was correlation from the type of structure equation modeling. The statistical population was all staff of education and training administration in western Azarbaijan Province.(250 members). Sampling method was relative random sampling. Sample size was 196 staff. McClelland Astyrz and Braunstein’s needs questionnaire (1979) and measuring Poodsakoof citizenship behavior (1990), individual accountability of Hochwarter (2005), also informal accountability of Hall, Royle, Hoch Warter (2008) was used. Data analysis processing were done using AMOS software. The results showed that pattern has proper fit with research data. These paths: Need for affiliation with citizenship behavior (β=0.51), and with individul accountability (β=0.46), and with informal accountability (β=0.53), Need for power with citizenship behavior (β=0.54), and with individual accountability (β=0.43), and with informal accountability (β=0.35), Need for Achievement with citizenship behavior (β=0.46), and individual accountability (β=0.467), and with informal accountability (β=0.61) in P<0.05 are significant. Also the mediating role of individual accountability in relation between three needs with informal accountability and citizenship behavior was confirmed. The most important conclusion of this research was that with reinforcement of the individual accountability of staff through responding McClelland Needs can promote informal accountability and organizational citizenship Manuscript profile
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        258 - Explaining the philosophy of human capital theory affecting the economics of education
        Saeeda Sadat Bani Jamali Ahmad Sarlak Mohammadreza Sarmadi
        The purpose of this research is explaining the philosophy of human capital theory which is affecting on the economics of education. In this qualitative research, an attempt has been made to identify the components of human capital and the economics of education and to s More
        The purpose of this research is explaining the philosophy of human capital theory which is affecting on the economics of education. In this qualitative research, an attempt has been made to identify the components of human capital and the economics of education and to study their impact on each other theoretically. The statistical population has consisted of published sources in the fields of human capital theory and Economics of Education. Data has been collected by index cards of the library. The method of data analysis is descriptive-analytical and the model of Krippendorf has been followed. In this method, the steps of data unit coding, classification, extraction, data reduction, interpretation, analysis and inference have been performed respectively. The findings show that human capital consists of components of knowledge, skills, expertise, physical and mental health, which are called asset. This capital produces wealth in the face of work and employment as a productive force to produce or provide services. The economics of education consists of the components of cost-benefit, financing, cost-effectiveness, equity in budgeting, and the economic value of education. Human capital is also a factor of sustainable development. With this view on education, any investment in it will be cost-effective and profitable. Manuscript profile
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        259 - Investigating human resource retention system and its impact on productivity improvement in Parsian Gas Refining Company
        mokhtar ranjbar
        The main purpose of this research was to investigate the human resource retention system and its impact on improving productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company. The research method is descriptive survey type. The statistical population of this study consisted of manag More
        The main purpose of this research was to investigate the human resource retention system and its impact on improving productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company. The research method is descriptive survey type. The statistical population of this study consisted of managers and employees of Parsian refinery with 524 people. They were examined by stratified sampling method of 220 people. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire developed by Human Resources Retention System, as well as Hersey and Goldsmith's (2000) Productivity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including multiple regressions and structural equation modeling using PLS software. The findings showed that human resource retention system has a significant effect on improving the productivity of Parsian gas refining company. Also, the dimensions of human resource retention system including individual factors, organizational factors and environmental factors also have a positive and significant effect on improving the productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company. The simultaneous effect of variables in the final model using multiple regression and path analysis showed that all dimensions of human resources retention system have a positive and significant predictor of improving the productivity in Parsian Gas Refining Company. Manuscript profile
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        260 - Performance Management of Human Resources Based on Individual Differences and the Fit Between the Individual and the Organization with a Personalization Approach in Tehran Municipality
        ALI Aghyan Ali Rezaiean Darush Gholamzadeh
        The purpose of this research is to design a human resources performance management model based on individual differences and the fit between the individual and the organization, with a personalized approach in Tehran Municipality. The current research is of a qualitativ More
        The purpose of this research is to design a human resources performance management model based on individual differences and the fit between the individual and the organization, with a personalized approach in Tehran Municipality. The current research is of a qualitative type and the purpose of the research is developmental. The community of experts is the senior managers of the 124 districts and human resources of Tehran municipality, who have conducted a semi-structured interview with twelve of them using a purposeful sampling method and in the form of a snowball until the theoretical saturation limit is reached. Twelve sub-themes, four organized themes and two overarching themes have been formed by the theme analysis method at the individual level. At the group level, thirteen sub-themes are organized in five theme categories and defined in two overarching theme categories. At the organizational level, forty-nine sub themes have emerged in eighteen themes, organized in the framework of six overarching themes. This article theorizes the phenomenon of human resource management based on individual differences and the fit of the individual with the organization. According to this theory, the management of human resource performance is different for different people in the same organization. This method seeks to attract, develop and maintain better human resources and provides high flexibility between human resources and the organization, which in general provides better performance of human resources at three levels. This theory is based on the theory of individual differences and the fit of the individual with the organization. The presented model offers better flexibility and performance than previous models. Manuscript profile
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        261 - A novel three-stage distance-based consensus ranking method
        Nazila Aghayi Madjid Tavana
        Manuscript profile
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        262 - Investigating the competencies of librarians In Academic libraries (Case study: Tehran State Universities)
        fatemeh zandian fatemeh Naseri atefeh sharif HamidReza Mahmoodi
        Objective: In the library, which is a service organization, librarians have a special place. The present study was conducted to investigate the qualifications of university library librarians. Method: The present study is a descriptive-survey research. Data were collect More
        Objective: In the library, which is a service organization, librarians have a special place. The present study was conducted to investigate the qualifications of university library librarians. Method: The present study is a descriptive-survey research. Data were collected by a questionnaire. Librarians of academic libraries of state universities in Tehran formed the statistical population of this study. For sampling, sequential integrated sampling method was used and 60 questionnaires were distributed among the librarians. Descriptive statistics (mean and frequency) were used to answer the questions. SPSS software was used for descriptive analysis of data. Results: Results showed that managerial competencies with an average (3.4) are moderate, information retrieval competencies with an average of (4.16) in good level. Information technology competencies with an average (3.02) in average condition, research competencies with average (1.17) in very bad level, communication competencies with average (3.87) in average level, and individual and moral competencies with average (3.48) in mediocre are placed. Conclusion: In general, it can be argued that librarians' qualifications are in the average position with an average of 3.18. There is a need for officials and trustees to upgrade and improve the qualifications of librarians by holding various courses. Manuscript profile
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        263 - Librarians' Attitudes Towards Knowledge Sharing (Case Study: Golestan Province)
        Araaby Tahereh Somaieh Kalteh
        Objective: This study was conducted to determine the views of librarians of public libraries in Golestan province towards knowledge sharing.Methodology: The present research is descriptive-survey method and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the More
        Objective: This study was conducted to determine the views of librarians of public libraries in Golestan province towards knowledge sharing.Methodology: The present research is descriptive-survey method and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study includes 115 librarians of public libraries in Golestan province, whose sample size is estimated at 88 according to Cochran's formula. To collect data, Mohammadi Knowledge Sharing Questionnaire (2015) was used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS24 software.Results: The results showed that the highest average is related to the overall score of knowledge sharing (84.02) and the lowest is related to the technical subscale (10.33). Higher average knowledge sharing in the library means that librarians of public libraries in Golestan province have a good knowledge sharing, and this indicates that most library staff were aware of the importance of knowledge sharing and appreciated the value of knowledge sharing. There is also a positive and significant relationship between individual, technical and organizational subscales with the overall score of knowledge sharing.Conclusion: The view of librarians in Golestan province towards knowledge sharing is favorable. Due to the low average of technical scale among librarians of public libraries in Golestan province, it is worthwhile to increase the quality of tools and technology for knowledge sharing in order to institutionalize the technical scale of knowledge sharing in the organization. Manuscript profile
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        264 - Research Ethics in Higher Education: Individual Characteristics and Professional Responsibilities of Researchers
        Alireza Motallebifard Hamid Reza Arasteh Hedieh mohabbat Mehdi Dasta
        Purpose: The purpose of this inquiry was determining evaluated research ethics in higher education with the concentration on individual characteristics and professional responsibilities of researchers in Tehran governmental universities. Methodology: The study was cond More
        Purpose: The purpose of this inquiry was determining evaluated research ethics in higher education with the concentration on individual characteristics and professional responsibilities of researchers in Tehran governmental universities. Methodology: The study was conducted through content analysis method with qualitative approach and the necessary information was collected through semi-structured interviews. Research population consisted of faculty members and graduate students from Tehran’ governmental universities. A total of 37 interviews were conducted with informants. In order to analyze the narrative information, content analysis was used in three consecutive process transcribing interviews and open coding. Findings: The results revealed that researchers’ ethics can be divided into two categories, individual characteristics and professional responsibilities. The individual characteristics include commitment, honesty, motivation, Perseverance and patience and ethical responsibilities involve responsibilities to the community, sponsors, partners, subjects, research topic, other researchers, data collection and analysis, and publication of results. Coclusion: generally be said to improve ethics of research among the scientific community requires attention to infrastructure development and quality in research.  Manuscript profile
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        265 - An Ideal Society from teh Perspective of teh Frankfurt School
        حامد مهرعلی گارینه کشیشیان سیرکی
        Manuscript profile
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        266 - Investigating Political Development in Strengthening Sustainable Security in Sistan and Baluchestan Province
        Mohammad Miran AhmadAli Khosravi Saeid Khosravi
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        267 - The consequences of selfability of human resources in governmental organizations in Iran
        mohsen garekhani kumars Ahmadi adel salavati
        Control-based approaches in management are becoming empowerment-based approaches that self-empowerment is the newest type of this approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of human resource self-empowerment in Iranian government agencies. In th More
        Control-based approaches in management are becoming empowerment-based approaches that self-empowerment is the newest type of this approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of human resource self-empowerment in Iranian government agencies. In this research, two documentary (library) and field methods were used to collect data, so that based on documentary method, the researcher obtained the information through vector jack by reviewing different texts. In order to use the field method, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were used. The sample size was considered for the qualitative method of 40 individuals, among which 20 managers of governmental organizations who were familiar with the topics of self-empowerment and 20 experts and experts of the initial model were taken into account and in the quantitative method, using Cochran's formula, 72 people including employees of the Economic and Finance Affairs Department of Kurdistan province were selected by simple random sampling. The data collected in the field section, obtained from interviews, were analyzed using the research method of the foundation data and the data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Findings indicated that implications in two individual and organizational levels were identified as the consequences of self-capability phenomenon in Iranian government agencies; In this way, the 'job satisfaction' and 'human resource excellence' are among their individual consequences and 'transformation of the administrative system', 'reducing costs' and 'organizational excellence' are among organizational consequences. The results of measuring the implications of self-empowerment of resources in the formation of resources, with the confirmation of the findings, indicate that respondents have evaluated the status of the transformation of the administrative system (with an average of 3.18) and lower costs (with an average of 3.04) better than two other outcomes. Nevertheless, 31 percent of respondents have evaluated the status of the outcomes in the organization at a low level, 47% moderate and 23% high. Regarding the range of changes (5 1) and the mean obtained (2.91), respondents in general have evaluated the status of the implications in the middle-level organization. Manuscript profile
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        268 - The consequences of selfability of human resources in governmental organizations in Iran
        Mohsen Gharakhani kumars Ahmadi adel salavati
        Control-based approaches in management are becoming empowerment-based approaches that self-empowerment is the newest type of this approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of human resource self-empowerment in Iranian government agencies. In th More
        Control-based approaches in management are becoming empowerment-based approaches that self-empowerment is the newest type of this approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of human resource self-empowerment in Iranian government agencies. In this research, two documentary (library) and field methods were used to collect data, so that based on documentary method, the researcher obtained the information through vector jack by reviewing different texts. In order to use the field method, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were used. The sample size was considered for the qualitative method of 40 individuals, among which 20 managers of governmental organizations who were familiar with the topics of self-empowerment and 20 experts and experts of the initial model were taken into account and in the quantitative method, using Cochran's formula, 72 people including employees of the Economic and Finance Affairs Department of Kurdistan province were selected by simple random sampling. The data collected in the field section, obtained from interviews, were analyzed using the research method of the foundation data and the data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Findings indicated that implications in two individual and organizational levels were identified as the consequences of self-capability phenomenon in Iranian government agencies; In this way, the 'job satisfaction' and 'human resource excellence' are among their individual consequences and 'transformation of the administrative system', 'reducing costs' and 'organizational excellence' are among organizational consequences. The results of measuring the implications of self-empowerment of resources in the formation of resources, with the confirmation of the findings, indicate that respondents have evaluated the status of the transformation of the administrative system (with an average of 3.18) and lower costs (with an average of 3.04) better than two other outcomes. Nevertheless, 31 percent of respondents have evaluated the status of the outcomes in the organization at a low level, 47% moderate and 23% high. Regarding the range of changes (5 1) and the mean obtained (2.91), respondents in general have evaluated the status of the implications in the middle-level organization. Manuscript profile
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        269 - Investigating the Impact of Territorialism on Performance and deviance in the Workplace with Emphasis on Knowledge Hiding (Case study: Mashhad Central Municipality)
        Massoumeh Aref Hasan Daliri
        Knowledge as a resource multiplies with its applications, but the general tendency of man is to believe in knowledge as a limited resource that must be hidden, much research has been done on knowledge sharing, however now, the concept of knowledge concealment has not be More
        Knowledge as a resource multiplies with its applications, but the general tendency of man is to believe in knowledge as a limited resource that must be hidden, much research has been done on knowledge sharing, however now, the concept of knowledge concealment has not been discovered yet. Also, the observations made show the failure and organizational efforts to prevent the concealment and sharing of knowledge in organizations, and employees are often reluctant to share their knowledge. In some cases, they protect it like a treasure, and this reluctance and concealment of knowledge continues even when knowledge sharing is encouraged and rewarded for doing so. The present study is a descriptive survey and is applied in terms of purpose, the main purpose of which is to investigate the impact of territorialism on performance and misconduct in the workplace with emphasis on knowledge concealment among employees of the central municipality of Mashhad. The statistical population of the study included 1200 employees of Mashhad Central Municipality, of which 291 were selected based on Morgan table. A standard questionnaire with appropriate validity and reliability was used. Also, available probability sampling method was used to collect information. Findings and results showed that territorialism and knowledge concealment have a negative and significant effect on performance but have a positive and significant effect on workplace deviation. Manuscript profile
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        270 - The communication between the coaches' decision-making mode and the individual creativity of Zorkhaneh athletes and the intermediary role of sports obligation
        peyman golmohammadi shahab bahrami Hamid foroghipor
        The purpose of the research was to relate the coaches' decision-making mode with the individual creativity of Zorkhaneh athletes and the intermediary role of sports obligation. Descriptive correlation research method that was done using structural equations. 396 Zorkhan More
        The purpose of the research was to relate the coaches' decision-making mode with the individual creativity of Zorkhaneh athletes and the intermediary role of sports obligation. Descriptive correlation research method that was done using structural equations. 396 Zorkhane athletes who participated in the competitions of 2018 completed the questionnaires of coaches' decision-making mode, sports obligation, and individual creativity. The data were analyzed using descriptive-inferential statistical methods such as kurtosis and skewness test, confirmatory factor analysis (construct validity) and path analysis (structural equation modeling) using SPSS and Lisrel software. The results showed that the coaches' decision-making mode and its components (democratic and authoritarian) have an impact on sports obligation and sports creativity of athletes. Also, sports obligation in general had an effect on athletes' sports creativity, and the effect of the intermediary role between coaches' decision-making mode and athletes' sports creativity was confirmed. The findings of this research indicate that the coaches working in Zurkhanei sports should use a democratic decision-making mode, which considering the role of the athletes' satisfaction in the individual success of the athlete and the team, it is necessary for the coaches to use the appropriate decision-making mode to improve their satisfaction. Manuscript profile
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        271 - The Impact of Transactions with Affiliated Individuals on the Manipulation of Actual Activities, with Emphasis on the Role of Regulatory Corporate Governance
        Ali mohammadi Ali Nikouei Sardar Esmaeilzadeh
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of transactions with affiliated individuals on the manipulation of real activities, as well as to examine the moderating role of corporate governance mechanisms on the relationship between transactions with affil More
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of transactions with affiliated individuals on the manipulation of real activities, as well as to examine the moderating role of corporate governance mechanisms on the relationship between transactions with affiliated individuals and real earnings management. In line with the research objectives, a sample of 130 companies from among the listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2007 to 2016 was selected and analyzed through regression models using panel data. In general, the findings show that transactions with affiliated individuals have a positive and significant impact on the management of real earnings, in other words, with the increase of transactions with affiliated individuals, real earnings management also increases. The results also show that the independence of the board of directors, institutional ownership and management ownership weaken the positive relationship between transactions with affiliated individuals and real earnings management. Regarding the effect of the size of board of directors and the CEO’s duality on the relationship between transactions with affiliated Individuals and real earnings management, there were no statistically significant results.   Manuscript profile
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        272 - شکل گیری هویت معلمان زبان انگلیسی در ایراان: مطالعه موردی
        Hamid Reza Niknaghsh Mohammad Reza khodareza
        10.30495/ttlt.2023.705460
        با توجه به اهمیت شکل گیری هویت در موقعیت های یادگیری ، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی چگونگی شکل گیری هویت معلمان زبان ایرانی در محیط یادگیری زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان دوم در موقعیت یادگیری خودمی پردازد. این مطالعه همچنین تلاش کرد که نشان دهد که آیا جنسیت می تواند نقش مهمی د More
        با توجه به اهمیت شکل گیری هویت در موقعیت های یادگیری ، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی چگونگی شکل گیری هویت معلمان زبان ایرانی در محیط یادگیری زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان دوم در موقعیت یادگیری خودمی پردازد. این مطالعه همچنین تلاش کرد که نشان دهد که آیا جنسیت می تواند نقش مهمی در ایجاد هویت برای معلمان زبان داشته باشد یا نه. برای این منظور ، شش معلم زبان انگلیسی هم مرد و هم زن در یک موسسه زبان انگلیسی دعوت شده اند تا در این مطالعه شرکت کنند. محقق از شرکت کنندگان خواسته است که پرسشنامه ساخت هویت برزونسکی (۲۰۱۰) را تکمیل کنند تا به صورت توصیفی پاسخ آنها را تحلیل کند. این پرسشنامه دارای ۴۰ سوال در قالب مقیاس لیکرت بود. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها نشان داد که شرکت کنندگان درک نسبتاً زیادی راجع به "سبک هویتی اطلاعاتی" و "بخش های تعهد" در پرسشنامه دارند، اما درک متوسطی نسبت به "سبک های هنجاری" و "سردرگمی/اجتنابی" داشتند. نتیجه دومین سؤال تحقیق نشان داد که تنها در مؤلفه های "سبک هویتی اطلاعاتی" بین شرکت کنندگان زن و مرد تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد. Manuscript profile
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        273 - انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی برداشت معلمان از ساخت دستگاه منحصر به فرد یادگیری زبان در فرآیند فراگیری زبان دوم: نظریه پایه
        Milad Omidi Hamid Reza Khalaji Keyvan Mahmoudi
        10.30495/ttlt.2023.702735
        در این مطالعه، ادراک معلمان انگلیسی با تجربه منتخب در مورد ساخت دستگاه منحصر به فرد اکتساب زبان (LAD) در فرآیند اکتساب زبان دوم (SLA) بررسی شده است. از نظریه زمینه و طرح سازنده استفاده شد و از کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی پس از مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته از 30 تا 90 استفا More
        در این مطالعه، ادراک معلمان انگلیسی با تجربه منتخب در مورد ساخت دستگاه منحصر به فرد اکتساب زبان (LAD) در فرآیند اکتساب زبان دوم (SLA) بررسی شده است. از نظریه زمینه و طرح سازنده استفاده شد و از کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی پس از مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته از 30 تا 90 استفاده شد. ادراک معلمان هفت دسته مربوط به ساخت LAD منحصر به فرد خود را نشان داد، یعنی (الف) محیط منحصر به فرد. ب) مشکلات روانی؛ ج) عوامل ژنتیکی؛ و (د) فضای مجازی. ادراکات نشان داد که عوامل ذکر شده زیر به طور منحصر به فرد تحت تأثیر مقوله های ذکر شده به طور جداگانه و منحصر به فرد قرار گرفته اند. عواملی مانند انگیزه، علاقه، اعتماد به نفس، عزت نفس، نگرش، دیدگاه، عقیده، نیات، سبک ها و استراتژی های یادگیری، قرار گرفتن در معرض TL، میزان اکتساب، پیشرفت اکتساب، بهره هوشی و هوش، تعامل اجتماعی، وضعیت ذهنی، ظرفیت حافظه، تمرکز، پتانسیل یادگیری، تفکر استعاری و ایدئولوژی به طوری که آنها به دستگاه منحصر به فرد اکتساب زبان (ULAD) در SLA مجهز شوند. Manuscript profile
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        274 - تاثیر آموزش استفاده ازمهارت های تولیدی و منفعل در حالتهای مشارکتی و غیر مشارکتی بر یادگیری اصطلاحات توسط زبان آموزان ایرانی
        مسعود رضایی فر حسن اسداله فام رویا رنجبر محمدی Mohammad Hossein Yousefi
        10.30495/ttlt.2023.707841
        اصطلاحات خصوصیات درونی هر زبانی هستند که به طور مکرر در زبان گفتاری و نوشتاری استفاده می شوند. با وجود این، مطالعات اندکی در زمینه تعیین بهترین استراتژی ها در یادگیری اصطلاحات توسط زبان آموزان ایرانی انجام شده است. هدف این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیر استفاده ازمهارت های تولیدی More
        اصطلاحات خصوصیات درونی هر زبانی هستند که به طور مکرر در زبان گفتاری و نوشتاری استفاده می شوند. با وجود این، مطالعات اندکی در زمینه تعیین بهترین استراتژی ها در یادگیری اصطلاحات توسط زبان آموزان ایرانی انجام شده است. هدف این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیر استفاده ازمهارت های تولیدی و منفعل در حالتهای مشارکتی و غیر مشارکتی بر یادگیری اصطلاحات توسط زبان آموزان ایرانی است. بدین منظور، 166 زبان آموز ایرانی بطور تصادفی به 5 گروه تقسیم بندی شدند: آموزش مشارکتی منفعل، آموزش غیر مشارکتی منفعل، آموزش مشارکتی تولیدی، آموزش غیر مشارکتی تولیدی و گروه کنترل. نتایج آزمون های لغات نشان داد که هر چهار گروه آزمایشی بهتر ار گروه کنترل درتقویت یادگیری اصطلاحات در آزمونهای فوری و با تاخیر بودند، اما آموزش مشارکتی تولیدی موثرتر از آموزش مشارکتی منفعل بود. بعلاوه، آموزش مشارکتی منفعل منجر به نتایج بهتری از نوع غیرمشارکتی خود شد. با توجه به ماهیت چالش برانگیز یادگیری اصطلاحات زبان دوم و اهمیت آن در توسعه دانش زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی، پیامدهای این مطالعه برای معلمان، دانش آموزان و طراحان درسی مورد بحث و بررسی قرار گرفته است. Manuscript profile
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        275 - The Effects of Collaborative and Individual Output Tasks on Learning English Collocations
        Nasser Minaei Ghafour Rezaie
        Manuscript profile
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        276 - بهبود مهارت های درک مطلب فراگیران جوان ایرانی: خواندن مشارکتی و فردی در کانون توجه
        مانیا کوه افکن فرامرز عزیزملایری Hossein Ahmadi
        هدف این تحقیق بررسی خواندن مشارکتی )گروهی( و خواندن فردی در جلسات خواندن در میان زبان آموزان جوان ایرانی )به عنوان زبان بیگانه( می‌باشد. در حقیقت، هدف پژوهشگر این است که چگونه در جلسات خواندن استفاده از خواندن مشارکتی و بلند خواندن در فعالیت های فردی و مشارکتی، مهارت در More
        هدف این تحقیق بررسی خواندن مشارکتی )گروهی( و خواندن فردی در جلسات خواندن در میان زبان آموزان جوان ایرانی )به عنوان زبان بیگانه( می‌باشد. در حقیقت، هدف پژوهشگر این است که چگونه در جلسات خواندن استفاده از خواندن مشارکتی و بلند خواندن در فعالیت های فردی و مشارکتی، مهارت درک مطلب زبان آموزان جوان ایرانی )به عنوان زبان بیگانه( را ارتقا می دهد. به همین منظور، 2 معلم ایرانی از یک مدرسه ابتدایی در تهران و 16 دانش آموز کلاس دوم ایرانی که در یک مدرسه ابتدایی در تهران تحصیل می کنند، به طور تصادفی به عنوان شرکت کننده انتخاب شدند. سپس، با استفاده از بازتاب و درک معلمان، مشاهدات محقق و مصاحبه های حضوری با معلمان، داده های مورد نیاز استخراج و به صورت توصیفی تحلیل شد. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که جلسات خواندن و استفاده از خواندن مشارکتی )گروهی( و استراتژی بلند خواندن در بین فعالیتهای مشارکتی، مهارت درک مطلب یادگیرندگان را بیشتر از جلسات خواندن فردی افزایش می دهد. علاوه بر این، تعاملات بین معلم و دانش آموز و تعاملات بین دانش آموز با دانش آموز در بهبود مهارت درک مطلب شرکت کنندگان مفید واقع شد. Manuscript profile
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        277 - Explanation of engineering ethics from the perspective of Islam and the necessity of separating personal ethics and professional ethics
        Muhammad Ma'refat
        In the context of society and social and public activities, individual ethics cannot be expected to be effective enough in the professional field; However, it can create synergy. Professional ethics from the perspective of the Qur'an and the lives of the innocents (peac More
        In the context of society and social and public activities, individual ethics cannot be expected to be effective enough in the professional field; However, it can create synergy. Professional ethics from the perspective of the Qur'an and the lives of the innocents (peace be upon them) is generally based on several main principles, which include respect for the dignity and freedom of human beings, attention to society's values, usefulness and non-harming, justice and accountability. According to the rich teachings of Islam, it is obligatory for the general society to observe these principles. Factors such as strengthening faith, organizational affiliation, commitment, refraining from conflicts of interest, honesty and trustworthiness are considered a type of executive guarantee for regulations and ethical codes. Depending on the type of thoughts and an engineer's adherence to values ​​and moral principles, his performance is different; In fact, one cannot deny the ideological and social beliefs of an engineer in his professional practice; Therefore, in the field of engineering ethics, we are forced to study the successful experiences of the world's thinkers, localize the regulations according to the culture and capacity of the society, train experienced professors and teach in universities and other scientific centers. Manuscript profile
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        278 - Archetypal Analysis of the Seven Labors of Rostam (Haft Khan-e Rostam); Based on Jung's Psychological Theory
        Akbar Shāmloo Ebrāhim Vāsheghāni Farāhāni Rāmin Khodākarami
        One of the most common methods of studying mythology is the psychological analysis of myths. Carl Gustav Jung, the founder of personality psychology, opened a new window in criticism and analysis of myths by introducing archetypes. According to Jung, everyone has a pers More
        One of the most common methods of studying mythology is the psychological analysis of myths. Carl Gustav Jung, the founder of personality psychology, opened a new window in criticism and analysis of myths by introducing archetypes. According to Jung, everyone has a personal and a collective unconscious. He believes that the personal unconscious is built on a deeper innate layer that is called collective unconscious or archetype. The manifestation of archetype is more prominent in the works of art, especially literature and myths. This issue can be seen in Shāhnāmeh which is one of the most famous Iranian mythological and epic texts. Shadow, anima, animus, hero and mother are the prominent archetypes of Shāhnāmeh.  We can find many of these archetypes in the story of the Seven Labors of Rostam (Haft Khan-e Rostam). Based on Jung's theory, it can be considered the stages of the Labors a kind of passing from "ego" to reach "self" in order to achieve "psychological individuation". And this is not possible except with the help of the hero (Rostam) and the passing of the shadow. In fact, Kai Kāvus, as the symbol of man, benefits from the help of Rostam (hero) and passes from "ego" to "self" (psychological individuation). By employing comparative-analytical method and based on Jung's psychological theory the present article attempts to examine the story of the Seven Labors of Rostam (Haft Khan-e Rostam) as an archetype. Manuscript profile
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        279 - The Individual God in Ruzbehan Baqli’s Kashf al-asrār
        Somayyeh Khādemi Azim Hamzeiān Qodratollāh Khayātiān Leilāh Hooshangi
        The God introduced by the Muslim mystics has an individual existence and unity. Kashf al-asrār (The Unveiling of Secrets) by Ruzbehan Baqli is about his mystical experiences of the Truth, the manifestations of God and ways of guiding the holy travelers (sālek) towards H More
        The God introduced by the Muslim mystics has an individual existence and unity. Kashf al-asrār (The Unveiling of Secrets) by Ruzbehan Baqli is about his mystical experiences of the Truth, the manifestations of God and ways of guiding the holy travelers (sālek) towards Him. The purpose of this study is to answer these questions: To what extent does Ruzbehan follow the Muslim mystics about the individual God? To what extent is his epistemological background and his familiarity with Quranic verses and the Tradition (hadith), effective in shaping his mystical experiences about the individual God? How can the idea of individual God in Kashf al-asrār be analyzed from an epistemological point of view? By using analytical-descriptive method, the present article examines the views of Ruzbehan Baqli about the manifestation of God and how He is present in the world. God appears in the form of an individual One and manifests Himself in the shape of sage, shaykh, shepherd, musician, beautiful Turkish man, dancer, cupbearer, muezzin, butcher, lion, red rose, light, valuable and expensive stones, for directing and attracting Ruzbehan toward Himself. The findings reveal that on the subject of individual God, Ruzbehan follows the tradition of the Muslim mystics; he expresses this individuation in different ways; the Holy Quran, the Tradition (hadith) and the ideas of the mystics of the past have influence in shaping his thoughts; and finally, his ideas are justifiable from an epistemological point of view. Manuscript profile
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        280 - Psycho-Mythological Analysis of a Story of Children: The Study of the Horn that got Croup; Based on the Theory of Individuation
        Amir Hossein Zanjanbar Ayoob Moradi
        10.30495/mmlq.2022.690929
        Jung considers psychoanalysis as archeology of human consciousness. On this basis, the term "archetype", which underlies the theory of the process of individuation, is derived from a combination of the terms archeology and typology. Individuation is the archetype of psy More
        Jung considers psychoanalysis as archeology of human consciousness. On this basis, the term "archetype", which underlies the theory of the process of individuation, is derived from a combination of the terms archeology and typology. Individuation is the archetype of psychological development which is involuntary, gradual, regular and strong. It consists of a chain of archetypes such as shadow, persona, wise old man, anima. The goal of the process of individuation is the conscious integration of the components of this archetypal chain in the form of a single archetype called "self". Jung's psycho-mythological analysis is based on the discovery and interpretation of archetypes, and in the present research, we use this method of analysis to recognize and interpret archetypes related to the process of individuation in the story The horn that got Croup, written by Hamed Habibi and illustrated by Alireza Goldooziyan. We are also looking for an answer to the question of how the archetypes of psychological development are represented in the text and images of the story. The innovation of the research is that it examines the theory of individuation in a text composed of text and image. In other words, it considers the interaction of archetypes related to individuation in the verbal and visual text. The results show that the pattern of identification in such stories is the reproduction of the archetype of individuality. Manuscript profile
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        281 - Rebirth of Pir-e Changi: An Analysis Based on Jungian Psychoanalysis Theory
        Farhād Doroudgariān
        In the present article the story of pir-e changi (the old Harper) in Masnavi Manavi of Jalāl al-Din Rūmi is to be studied in the light of Jungian psychoanalysis theory. First the archetypes of ego, self, dream, shadow, persona, collective unconscious and personal uncons More
        In the present article the story of pir-e changi (the old Harper) in Masnavi Manavi of Jalāl al-Din Rūmi is to be studied in the light of Jungian psychoanalysis theory. First the archetypes of ego, self, dream, shadow, persona, collective unconscious and personal unconscious are presented, then it will be shown that the old Harper (pir-e changi), with the help of the wise old man (pir-e dānā), can gain consciousness, be reborn and his individuality be achieved. Manuscript profile
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        282 - Archetypal Critique of Banu Goshasp Nama
        Khadijeh Bahrāmi Rahnamā Mahmood Tāvoosi
        One of approaches in critique of literary texts is archetypal criticism that is rooted in depth-psychological criticism. Based on thoughts of Carl Gustav Jung, that approach studies the different kinds of archetypes that rest in unconscious. According to Jung, due to a More
        One of approaches in critique of literary texts is archetypal criticism that is rooted in depth-psychological criticism. Based on thoughts of Carl Gustav Jung, that approach studies the different kinds of archetypes that rest in unconscious. According to Jung, due to a common and general experience, mythical themes are repeated in all generations. Banu Goshasp Nama, a Persian epic composed of 900 verses by an unknown poet from the 11th or 12th century, demonstrates different archetypes. Banu Goshasp is an ideal "mother archetype" that overcomes obstacles and realizes her individuality. By fighting with her inner shadows, hunting and battling with her Aniran suitors, she fulfills her personality and gains self-recognition. The present article is to criticize Banu Goshasp Nama from archetypal critique point of view, based on the thoughts of Jung and archetypes like shadow and mandala and process of individualizing.  Manuscript profile
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        283 - Sport and Psychosocial Development
        Susan Rahimzadeh
        Because sports and physical activities provide many interaction opportunities, they can accelerate socializa-tion, enhance coping abilities, and promote a healthy life style. The psychosocial development of 172 female and male athletes in individual and team sports and More
        Because sports and physical activities provide many interaction opportunities, they can accelerate socializa-tion, enhance coping abilities, and promote a healthy life style. The psychosocial development of 172 female and male athletes in individual and team sports and of nonathletic students was assessed in this study, using Hawley’s Measure of Psychosocial Development (MPD) with 27 subscales of positive, negative, result and total. Manova results indicated: Sports effect psychosocial development (p<0.004, f=1.866); gender has no effect on psychosocial development; the psychosocial development of the athletes in individual and team sports were the same. According to these findings, it seems the study of participation, cooperation, reciprocity and cohesion, especially task cohesion, is necessary in order to understand more fully the effects of team and individual sports on psychosocial development Manuscript profile
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        284 - Developmental, Individual-Difference, Relationship-Based Model and Sensory Processing Styles of Preschool Children
        Saeedeh Toufani Asl Seyed Amir Aminyazdi Hossein Kareshki
        This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between Developmental, Individual-difference, relationship-based model, and sensory processing patterns of preschools. The research design was descriptive-correlational. 300 participants were selected by convenience method f More
        This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between Developmental, Individual-difference, relationship-based model, and sensory processing patterns of preschools. The research design was descriptive-correlational. 300 participants were selected by convenience method from kindergartens of 10 and 11 urban areas of Mashhad and Social-Emotional Scale (Greenspan, 2007) and a Sensory Profile of Dunn Questionnaire (Vein Dunn, 1999) were used for scaling developmental individual relationship model and sensory profile of Dun. Results showed that significant relationship between DIR modeland sensory processing types. (P<0.01). 0.8 percent of DIR variance could be predicted by sensory profile. Among four sensory types (Low sensory registration, Avoiding sensory, Sensitive sensory, and Seeking sensory), Low sensory registration type was significant. Also For each participant, there was at least one dominant sensory processing type. In addition, results showed that Comparing scale of four sensory types and weakness or strength of each sensory types could predict behavior of children in different situations. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that Awareness of dominant sensory processing type in preschools, could lead parents and teachers design more sufficient learning and adaptations interventions for behavioral problems.   Manuscript profile
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        285 - Emotional Development of Children with Autism based on Developmental, Individual Differences Model
        Kobra Abazari Mokhtar Malekpour Amir Ghamarani Ahmad Abedi Salar Faramarzi
        This study aimed to investigate the emotional development of children with autism spectrum disorder on the basis of Developmental, Individual Differences Model (DIR). Thirty autistic children were selected by non-random sampling from 3 autistic centers and 30 typical ch More
        This study aimed to investigate the emotional development of children with autism spectrum disorder on the basis of Developmental, Individual Differences Model (DIR). Thirty autistic children were selected by non-random sampling from 3 autistic centers and 30 typical children were selected randomly from Tehran. The sample’s mothers completed the Functional Emotional Questionnaire (Greenspan, 2001). The parents of two groups were matched on socioeconomic status, age and education. The results indicated that there were significant differences between autistic and typical children in terms of 6 stages of emotional development: self- regulation and interest in the world, intimacy, two-way communication, complex communication, emotional ideas, emotional and logical thinking in their lower and previous ages (0-3/5). In the children’s current age, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the stages, except for the fifth & sixth stages in which emotional development of typical children were higher than children with autism. The lower emotional development of children with autism in the fifth & sixth stages might be due to the sensory processing, language, and vision defects in autistic children.   Manuscript profile
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        286 - Cognitive -behavioral family therapy for patients with musculoskeletal pain
        Mohammad Khoadyarifard
        The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral family therapy in the treatment of patients with psychosomatic musculoskeletal pain was examined. Applying an A-B single-subject design, three patients (two males and one female) with psychosomatic musculoskeletal pain in the ar More
        The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral family therapy in the treatment of patients with psychosomatic musculoskeletal pain was examined. Applying an A-B single-subject design, three patients (two males and one female) with psychosomatic musculoskeletal pain in the areas of lower back and neck, referred to a private, psychological clinic, were selected as the sample. Clinical interviews, MMPI and ScL--R tests were done to measure psychological problems. Family therapy was done and post test results showed the effectiveness of cognitivebehavioral family therapy by promoting patients’ skills of problem solving and communication, effective coping and self assertion. Further research is suggested to assess the relative effectiveness of other kinds of therapy techniques such as drug, behavior, and individual and group cognitive therapy.       Manuscript profile
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        287 - Individuality and innovation of imagery in Shivan Foumani poems
        barat mohammadi farrin gharabaghi zarrin taj rezayi
        imagery can be considered as one of the main aesthetic elements in poetry; in the poery part of the rhetoric and influnce  is depend to the imagery; The novelty of the image and reflection of the individual attitude in it, cause a double impact and attraction; Beca More
        imagery can be considered as one of the main aesthetic elements in poetry; in the poery part of the rhetoric and influnce  is depend to the imagery; The novelty of the image and reflection of the individual attitude in it, cause a double impact and attraction; Because the essence of art is deeply linked with innovation, and these innovations in the macro structure of poetry,likned to innovation in micro structure and imagery one of this micro structures. Iranian modern poery with Inspired by Nima's progressive theories that emphasized personal view and individualism,and with a this has discovered unknown areas of the imagery, and have a general tendency towards innovation in poetic images. Shivan Foumani can be considered one of the honest poets to Nima's theories in imagery innovation; Climatic color is also prevalent in Shivan's poetry with an emphasis on individualism and personal experiences, and he has created new and individual images of nature with this personal attitude. Also, his detail and precision look, that is remember the thin imaginative of Indian style poets, has been another factor in his imagery innovation. Individualism is also seen in the image of the beloved in his poetry, and the aesthetic aspects of the beloved are presented in his poetry differently from traditional poetry and with a personal attitude. The present study intends to explore these aspects of imagery innovation in Shivan's poetry in a descriptive-analytical method. The result of the research also shows Shivan's loyalty to the principle of imagery innovation.   Manuscript profile
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        288 - ارزش‌گذاری اقتصادی سایت‌های تفریحی با استفاده از رویکرد هزینه سفر انفرادی تک‌منظوره؛ مطالعه موردی: سایت دربند تهران
        رحمان خوش اخلاق سید وحید صفایی فرد بهناز ورشوساز
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        289 - Comparison of Allameh Tabatabai and Naeini's views on the Correspondent relation (Reflections on the Correspondence theory in Islamic philosophy)
        roohollah daraei Akram khalili Nosh Abady
        Epistemologists have defined several criteria for truth; One of these criteria is the Correspondence theory, which is widely accepted, but the interpretation and explanation of its components are controversial among experts. This study is devoted to Naini and Tabatabai' More
        Epistemologists have defined several criteria for truth; One of these criteria is the Correspondence theory, which is widely accepted, but the interpretation and explanation of its components are controversial among experts. This study is devoted to Naini and Tabatabai's views on the Correspondant relation; A view that has received less attention or has not been comparatively addressed. Given that the subject of truth is a compound fact, is Correspondence consistent with the whole as a All used individually or is it the All used collectively? By analyzing the works of Naini and Tabatabai, we reach the important point that their intellectual foundations include two contradictory interpretations of the relation of conformity; Naini considers the conformity of affirmations as a All used collectively, while Tabatabai's intellectual foundations sometimes affirm conformity as a All used collectively and in some cases as a All used individually. This article, while comparing and criticizing the views and arguments of these two thinkers, presents evidence contrary to Tabatabai's views and its Epistemological consequences and tries to prefer the Naini Theory, but does not consider it to be free of problems. Manuscript profile
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        290 - Individual Originality in the Political Opinion of Imam Ali
        Abasali Rahbar Ali MalekZade
        Abstract Individual originality usually is utilized along with society originality including many meanings; one of those concepts used about this word is the status of being reality for something called origin, and the other one regarded as its subsidiary. Since human More
        Abstract Individual originality usually is utilized along with society originality including many meanings; one of those concepts used about this word is the status of being reality for something called origin, and the other one regarded as its subsidiary. Since human is considered as being called animal capable of talking, as a being possessing wisdom and will, and deciding through thought and wisdom in order to live, historical and ancient findings show prove that human initially possesses social life which is due to more wellbeing and security but occasionally social life has bought him/her many limitations that has been faced with two theories of sociologists, i.e. individualism and socialism. Since Imam Ali ideology originated by Islam and in Islam it is the individual addressed by God, and he/she should precisely apply God's commands in his/her individual or social life, thus society and individual position is discussed in the political ideology of Imam Ali concluding that though society plays a special role in this theory, in His vision, any individual possesses originality since it is because of individuals that form a society and it is his/her request resulting in different traits in the various societies.     Manuscript profile
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        291 - The Explanation of the Eleventh Cabinet Nuclear Diplomacy in Iran by Applying the Decision-making Theory of Roseanau
        Seyed Amir Niakoee Mohsen Zamani
        By the triumph of moderates in the eleventh presidential election in Iran, the Iranian foreign policy in general and more specifically its nuclear diplomacy has changed dramatically so that the compromise strategy has overcome the confrontation orientation. The present More
        By the triumph of moderates in the eleventh presidential election in Iran, the Iranian foreign policy in general and more specifically its nuclear diplomacy has changed dramatically so that the compromise strategy has overcome the confrontation orientation. The present paper is to explain the factors behinds this dramatic change by applying the decision making theory of James Rosenau. The findings of the paper illustrate that respectively the international system; individual and social factors are more determinant factors and have crucial roles in the Iran’s nuclear diplomacy since 2013. Manuscript profile
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        292 - The design of the optimal model of electronic resources management in the refah bank
        Mehrzad sarfarazi Gholamreza memarzadeh Tehran Sayyed Mahdi alvani Mohammadail afshar kazemiv
        Background and Objective: Human resource electronic management is one of the ways to implement human resource strategies, policies and operations related to human resources in organizations. The purpose of this research is to provide a model for optimizing the establish More
        Background and Objective: Human resource electronic management is one of the ways to implement human resource strategies, policies and operations related to human resources in organizations. The purpose of this research is to provide a model for optimizing the establishment of human resources electronic management in the banking system of Iran (Case study: Refah headquarters). Methodology: The present research is an applied research, the purpose of exploratory research, the quantitative and qualitative data types, and the method of implementation in the field and the questionnaire and interviewing tool. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires were approved. The statistical population of this research consisted of all managers and staff of the headquarters of the Bank of Welfare. The sample was selected by the Cochran formula and 277 employees and managers of the Bank of Welfare. The statistical methods of hidden markup chain optimization were used to analyze the data. These statistical tests were performed by soft content. Findings: There are six categories of important factors in the optimal deployment of human resource management in the Bank of Welfare, which include organizational, environmental (government), process, cultural, technological and personal factors. Also, the results indicate that at the Welfare Bank With processor factors of 23/708, organizational factors of 10/603, technological factors 12/652, environmental factors 11/6/11, cultural factors 15/198, individual factors 6/663 The optimization of the establishment of human resources electronic management would be optimal. Results: The results showed that individual factors influenced the Islamic attitude of employees and then, in order of process, cultural, technological, cultural, environmental and organizational factors, in the establishment of optimal management of human resources electronic resources.   Manuscript profile
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        293 - Designing a native model of Iranian women entrepreneurship development management In Tehran Municipality Women's Affairs
        Salome zorieh jamshid edalatian Mehran Mokhtari Lakolaye
        Entrepreneurship, as the most important weapon of economic development, has an important role in economic development and raising the level of capability of the country. The purpose of this study is to provide a model and strategy of effective factors in managing t More
        Entrepreneurship, as the most important weapon of economic development, has an important role in economic development and raising the level of capability of the country. The purpose of this study is to provide a model and strategy of effective factors in managing the development of women entrepreneurship in Iran. Because the main problem of underdeveloped countries in today's world is not the lack of financial and human capital Women in entrepreneurship should be considered as almost half of the effective human resources of the society. objective:In the present study, using the meta-combination technique, the findings of related internal and external studies were systematically examined by the seven-step method of Sandolowski and Barso. Out of 120 articles searched in this field, 70 selected articles based on which 22 factors affecting the management of women's entrepreneurial development were identified and extracted. Research Methods:The present study was conducted with the aim of providing an effective model for explaining the factors affecting the management of women entrepreneurship development in Iran‌‌‌. Research Methods. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection and survey group. Data analysis was performed qualitatively using content analysis and Delphi and MaxQuoda software and quantitatively by structural equation modeling measured using correlation and covariance, Demetel. The statistical population of the present study consists of 30 experts and professors in the qualitative section and in the quantitative section of senior human resources in the study area of ​​Tehran Municipality and its affiliated organizations, which is equal to 196 people.  Findings: The research findings showed that the main factors of personal/personality dimension, economic/financial, cultural/social‌‌‌, ‌‌‌ political/administrative and 22 sub-concepts affect the development of women entrepreneurship ‌‌‌Conclusion: ‌‌‌Based on the results of research‌‌‌, ‌‌‌Individual characteristics can be considered as one of the most effective factors in the process of managing the development of women's entrepreneurship in Iran. It is suggested by compiling, implementing and supervising scientific programs for entrepreneurship development (up-to-date and effective) in any geographical location and living standard of the target community in Iran;  By raising the level of knowledge, attitude, motivation and entrepreneurial leadership of women with effective and efficient government support, the individual / personality factor can be considered as the most powerful factor in managing the development of women entrepreneurship in Iran. Manuscript profile
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        294 - The most important factors affecting the participatory behavior of virtual space users
        Gholamrezareza Afshar Abbas Saleh Ardestani Vahidreza Mirabi
        User participation behavior when using cyberspace is influenced by several factors. In recent years, researchers have studied the behavior of users and while identifying the factors affecting it, have proposed various models to explain how they participate. The purpose More
        User participation behavior when using cyberspace is influenced by several factors. In recent years, researchers have studied the behavior of users and while identifying the factors affecting it, have proposed various models to explain how they participate. The purpose of this article is to identify The most important factors affecting on the behavior of cyberspace users. Participatory behavior of users means using the facilities provided in cyberspace, including communicating, exchanging ideas, sharing text and images, and in general, interacting with other people present in cyberspace. This research is methodologically in the combined research group and initially the qualitative approach and deductive content analysis method was used to design the model and the quantitative approach and structural equation modeling method were used to test and validate the model. The content of the research was collected using a semi-structured interview technique with experts. Findings indicate the effectiveness of users' participatory behavior from the variable of attitude directly and indirectly and through the mediating variables of desire and intention and directly. Findings indicate a positive and significant relationship between the factors of attitude and desire and intention, which was explained in previous research. Manuscript profile
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        295 - Antecedents and Consequences of Individual Investors' Behavior in the Iranian Capital Market Relying on Neural Financial Aspects: A Mixed Approach
        morteza maryami yaghoubian ali najafi moghadam Farideh Haghshenas Kashani bita nasrolahi
        The present study mainly aims to model the individual investors' behavior in the capital market following the neural financial approach. The present study is categorized as mixed method research. The grounded theory and the technique of the structural equations were use More
        The present study mainly aims to model the individual investors' behavior in the capital market following the neural financial approach. The present study is categorized as mixed method research. The grounded theory and the technique of the structural equations were used in the qualitative and quantitative parts. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire. The sampling continued until theoretical saturation, which was achieved after 17 interviews. Then, the behavioral model of individual investors with antecedents and consequences was developed based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin's theory in three main steps, including open, axial, and selective coding. The results indicated that the causal conditions affecting investors' behavior in the same contextual conditions are generally in two main groups of neuropsychological and demographic factors. In a quantitative part, it was found that neuropsychological factors are effective with an intensity of 79%. Among the components of this variable, emotional behavior and location had the most and the least impacts, respectively, and the demographic factors were effective with an intensity of 12%. Financial support and gender also had the most and the least impact among the components of this variable, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        296 - Investigating the moderating role of "learning" in the relationship between "individual factors" and "stimulating knowledge sharing" (Case Study: Shahed University)
        Jamshid Salehi Sadeghiani Maliheh Bineshian Maryam Parchami Sarghein
        One of the challenges organizations face at this point in time is to provide the right environment to encourage employees to share their knowledge. Knowledge sharing is one of the most effective steps in the knowledge management process, which is why universities as cen More
        One of the challenges organizations face at this point in time is to provide the right environment to encourage employees to share their knowledge. Knowledge sharing is one of the most effective steps in the knowledge management process, which is why universities as centers of knowledge creation and creativity have a significant role to play in developing countries' knowledge. The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating role of learning in the relationship between individual factors and stimulating knowledge sharing at Shahed University. The statistical population of the study consisted of all staff of the university, which consisted of 226 people, and the sample size was 143, using the estimation method of limited community. According to the philosophical foundations of the research, the orientation and purpose of the research is of an applied type; the research strategy is a survey-case study. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and PLS descriptive and inferential methods. The results showed that all of the individual factors namely trust, motivation, interest, attitude and self-efficacy had a role in stimulating knowledge sharing and it was also found that learning has a moderating role in the relationship between individual factors and stimulating knowledge sharing. Manuscript profile
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        297 - Culture and Ethical Decision-Making Components of Certified Public Accountants: The Mediating Role of Individual Risk-Taking
        Erfan Mohammad beigi Zohreh Aref Manesh mohammadmahdi Dehghani Ashkezari
        10.30495/faar.2023.705553
        Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of culture on the ethical decision making of certified accountants with the mediation of individual risk taking propensity. In order to achieve this goal, six hypotheses have been developed. The current More
        Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of culture on the ethical decision making of certified accountants with the mediation of individual risk taking propensity. In order to achieve this goal, six hypotheses have been developed. The current research community is certified accountants working in audit institutions registered in Iran, which according to the inquiry made from the certified accountant community of Iran, the size of the community is 472 people. Using Cochran's formula, a sample of 212 people was selected by random sampling. The data was collected using a questionnaire in 1401 and the hypotheses were tested and analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and using Spss and Pls software. The results show a negative and significant relationship between culture and ethical awareness of certified public accountants in Iran, a positive and significant relationship between culture and individual risk taking propensity, a positive and significant relationship between  individual risk taking propensity and ethical awareness, the mediating role of  individual risk taking propensity positively and significantly On the relationship between culture and moral awareness, a positive and significant relationship between moral awareness and moral judgment, moral judgment and moral intention. According to the research results, culture is effective on ethical decision making. Therefore, the modification of culture indicators will help to improve the ethical decision making of certified public accountants. Due to the fact that few researches have been done in relation to culture, ethical decision-making and individual risk-taking tendency, therefore, conducting this research will help to improve the richness of research and expand theoretical texts in this research field. Manuscript profile
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        298 - تفاوت‌های فردی و قضاوت حرفه ای حسابرس
        مسلم سعیدی گراغانی احمد ناصری
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        299 - The Effects of Accountants' Perceptions of Ethical Climate Fit on their Organizational Attitudes: Social-Cognitive Theory
        Mohammad Nazaripour babak zakizadeh
        10.30495/faar.2023.702107
        Abstract The ethical climate fit is one of the unique aspects of the professional identity of accountants. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the effects of accountants' perceptions of the organizational ethical climate on their organizational attitudes usin More
        Abstract The ethical climate fit is one of the unique aspects of the professional identity of accountants. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the effects of accountants' perceptions of the organizational ethical climate on their organizational attitudes using social-cognitive theory. The present study is practical in nature and is considered as a descriptive-exploratory correlation study. The required data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires among 305 accountants. The time period of this study is the second season of year 2022. The research data were analyzed using structural equation modeling method. According to the research findings, (1) Individual differences (self-efficacy and locus of control) have a positive and significant effect on the ethical climate fit. (2) The locus of control has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. (3) The ethical climate fit has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. (4) Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment. Also, in this study, the effects of four control variables (number of job changes, number of employer changes, job level, and adjustment) on three variables of compatibility with the ethical climate fit, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. For example, the adjustment has a positive and significant effect on all three mentioned variables. Finally, the attitudes and beliefs of accountants towards senior managers are strongly influenced by the ethical climate fit.  Manuscript profile
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        300 - The Effect of Cultural Factors on Cost Stickiness
        Sadegh Hamehkhani Ramazanali Royaei
        10.30495/faar.2022.693673
        AbstractIn the accounting literature, attention has been paid to understanding how differences in national culture affect the outcomes and consequences of accounting and financial markets, so much of the research done in this area focuses on examining the impact of cult More
        AbstractIn the accounting literature, attention has been paid to understanding how differences in national culture affect the outcomes and consequences of accounting and financial markets, so much of the research done in this area focuses on examining the impact of culture on broad management and reporting decisions. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to study the objective evidence of the relationship between small cultures on the cost-stickiness phenomenon. The statistical population of the study was 104 companies listed on the stock exchange during a 6-year period from 2014 to 2020. The research methodology is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of its implementation, descriptive, survey and correlation type. Also, in order to analyze the data of the research using EVIEWS 9 and SPSS software, the results of hypothesis testing indicate that between the microcrops (masculinity / femininity, individualism / collectivism, power distance and avoidance of uncertainty) on the adhesion phenomenon Cost with a 99% confidence is significant Manuscript profile
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        301 - Predicting hardiness based on individual social adjustment and aggression in high school boys in Tehran
        zahra Paniri Parenaz Banisi Hamidreza Watankhah
        10.30495/hpsbjourna.2021.684790
        Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the "prediction of rigidity based on individual-social adjustment and aggression" of adolescents studying in high schools in Tehran. Method: The sample of this study consisted of 341 people selected as a cluster from a More
        Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the "prediction of rigidity based on individual-social adjustment and aggression" of adolescents studying in high schools in Tehran. Method: The sample of this study consisted of 341 people selected as a cluster from among the schools. The instrument of this research is a hard questionnaire on "Kubasa and Madi" 50 items; California Psychological Inventory (CPI) 180 questions and the Arnold H. Aggression Inventory. Bass and Mark Perry is 21 items.The design of this research is correlational. Results: The results of Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and multivariate regression analysis show that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between hardiness and individual and social adjustment of male adolescents at the alpha level of 0.01 (<0.01). P). Discussion and Conclusion: The results of Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and multivariate regression analysis show that there is a statistically significant negative relationship between stubbornness and aggression in male adolescents at the alpha level of 0.01 (P <0.01). Manuscript profile
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        302 - Structural Model of Tendency to Substance Abuse in Satellite Personnel of West Iran Oil and Gas Exploitation Company: Assessing the Direct and Indirect Effects of Individual, Occupational and Social Factors
        raed parvaz keivan kakabraee karim afsharinya
        10.30495/hpsbjourna.2023.1952003.1065
        The tendency to Substance abuse is considered one of the most important causes of personal, social and occupational trauma is in health psychology, which is constantly receiving the attention of researchers. The present study was conducted with the aim of providing stru More
        The tendency to Substance abuse is considered one of the most important causes of personal, social and occupational trauma is in health psychology, which is constantly receiving the attention of researchers. The present study was conducted with the aim of providing structural model of tendency to substance abuse with assessing the direct and indirect effects of individual, occupational and social factors in satellite personnel of West Iran Oil And Gas Exploitation Company. The method of the current research was correlation and the statistical population of this research included satellite personnel of the West Country Oil And Gas Exploitation Company. The statistical sample was selected through random stratified sampling of 384 people and completed individual, occupational, social and substance abuse questionnaires.The results showed that personal, occupational and social patterns are directly related to substance abuse. Also, other results of this research showed that social patterns play a mediating role between individual and occupational patterns with a tendency to substance abuse. So, it seems that individual, social and occupational patterns are a set of basic abilities that explain the tendency to abuse drugs in different social environments, including satellite work, with their direct or indirect effects.Key words: Individual factors, social factors, job factors, substance abuse tendency Manuscript profile
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        303 - Improvement of Working Memory Performance by Parietal Upper Alpha Neurofeedback Training
        Peyman Dehghanpour Fardad Farokhi Reza Rostami
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        304 - Identifying the components of improving the quality of education and growth of Tehran municipality managers
        morteza asgarani behzad shoghi
        Continuous environmental change will make organizational improvements and improvements in a variety of inevitable situations. On the other hand, organizations need to improve and develop operational operations in order to keep pace with environmental changes. One of the More
        Continuous environmental change will make organizational improvements and improvements in a variety of inevitable situations. On the other hand, organizations need to improve and develop operational operations in order to keep pace with environmental changes. One of the processes that enhances the competencies of the staff and leads to the growth of the person is education. Therefore, according to the above mentioned, the purpose of this research is to identify the components of improving the quality of education and growth of Tehran municipality managers. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of qualitative data type. The statistical population of the study consisted of university experts and senior managers of Tehran municipality. The sample was selected using purposeful sampling method and saturation principle of ten people. In this study, the librarian method and semi-structured interview (qualitative section) were used to collect data. The interview with the experts indicated that the interview was valid, and a reliable method was used to calculate the reliability of the two coders. The results indicated that the interview was valid and valid. Content analysis was used to analyze the research data. The results showed that the components of improving the quality of education and the growth of municipality managers are individual, educational and organizational. Manuscript profile
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        305 - Cultural-identity factors in the tendency to change the names of people in the registry (Case study of six cities in Khuzestan province)
        karamollah javanmard
        10.30495/jscc.2021.690268
        This study was conducted to study the analysis of cultural-identity factors affecting the tendency to change the name of individuals in clients of the Civil Registry Office (Case study of 6 cities in Khuzestan province). Name and choice of naming is a means to identify More
        This study was conducted to study the analysis of cultural-identity factors affecting the tendency to change the name of individuals in clients of the Civil Registry Office (Case study of 6 cities in Khuzestan province). Name and choice of naming is a means to identify human identity and is part of the culture of a society. This phenomenon has existed among human societies, both primitive and modern societies. The main idea of the research is derived from Anthony Giddens's theory and cultural and identity factors are considered to be effective in changing the name. In this study, the statistical population of name change applicants in Khuzestan province this year, whose number was 9035 people, among this number, 396 people were selected using the Cochran's formula as the sample population. The sampling method is randomly selected cluster. The method of this research was based on survey and the data collection technique was based on a questionnaire. The results show that the stronger the identity and cultural factors, the more effective they will be in the tendency to change the name. The index of mass media, individual identity, beliefs and ethnic identity has  Manuscript profile
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        306 - Expression of the Relationship between Extremism Individualism and Social cohesion in Citizens
        mahya shoeybi
        10.30495/jscc.2021.690271
        Individualism is a modern concept that is placed against the collectivism of the traditional society. Individual society considers incompatibility with the community as a value and emphasizes individual flourishing and rethinking in social norms and norms.Also, accordin More
        Individualism is a modern concept that is placed against the collectivism of the traditional society. Individual society considers incompatibility with the community as a value and emphasizes individual flourishing and rethinking in social norms and norms.Also, according to the concept of social cohesion generally used in sociology, this concept refers to the degree or type of convergence of a society and, in fact, refers to links and relationships that link members of a community or group to one another. Therefore, according to these concepts, the aim of the research is to explain the relationship between extreme individualism and social cohesion in Tehran's citizens. The statistical population of this research includes 18-65 year olds in Tehran. Their number is 5876659 people in 2011 according to the general population and housing censusAmong the regions with a sample size of at least 384 people, 400 people in total and each region filled out 80 questionnaires by random method. The results of the research indicate that there is a relatively weak correlation between extreme individualism and social solidarity, and the relationship is also negative and inverse. The amount of adjusted adjustment coefficient indicates that the independent variable of extreme individualism can explain 1.9% of the variation of the dependent variable of social correlation. Manuscript profile
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        307 - Sociological Analysis of social and cultural factors affecting on women's fertility tendency in Tehran
        saeedeh hajali Seyed Mohammad Seyedmirzaie mohammad sadegh mahdavi
        10.30495/jscc.2021.688238
        The aim of this research was to study the effect of social and cultural factors on fertility tendency in married women in Tehran Fertility and its orientation are one of the multifactorial variables that have been addressed in various scientific disciplines. In this res More
        The aim of this research was to study the effect of social and cultural factors on fertility tendency in married women in Tehran Fertility and its orientation are one of the multifactorial variables that have been addressed in various scientific disciplines. In this research, sociological dimension has been considered.. This study was conducted on 384 married women aged 20 to 44 years old based on one survey data. The information gathering tool is a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using spss software. The dependent variable is a tendency to fertility and independent variables in social sections include social support, individualism, education, and cultural orientation toward religiosity. The results show that there is a relationship between social and cultural variables and the tendency toward fertility. Also, in the results of regression, it was observed that religiosity of 43.5%, education of 24.3% have been able to affect fertility tendency. In path analysis, religiosity variables had the most impact and individualism had the least total effect on fertility tendency. Manuscript profile
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        308 - Discourse Analysis the Mental patterns of culture development of IlamUniversities staff
        younes ezati mansour hagighatian Amad Moazzeni
        10.30495/jscc.2021.690329
        The present research was conducted with the aim of Identifying of mental patterns of culture development of IlamUniversities staff. The dominant paradigm of this study was mixed methodology.This research is applied in terms of goal, and is qualified method in terms of t More
        The present research was conducted with the aim of Identifying of mental patterns of culture development of IlamUniversities staff. The dominant paradigm of this study was mixed methodology.This research is applied in terms of goal, and is qualified method in terms of the method of data collection. The Concourse in this study included 14 people of (Culture and Islamic Guidance government Office, Education) and universitis professors, with backgrounds in culture development studies. The study population of this study consisted of 21 Entrepreneurs in Ilam were chosen as sample by the targeted judgment method. Fourthly nine Phrases were extracted based on the interviews. A questionnaire consisting of 49 cards and an answer sheet. Data analyzed by Q exploratory factor. Based on the findings of the exploratory factor analysis, six types of Religious and fatalistic, Folk Mentality, responsible, Scientist, Legalist, Moral individualistic were categorized. The results showed that the mentality of the participants in the mental models 1 and 2 was the same with the characteristics of the traditional and pre-modern societies. At the same time, the participants in the third and fourth categories had a very good mentality towards development because they have paid attention to values such as sense of commitment, participation, scientism and innovation. In general, the results showed that the participants' mental pattern of the cultural development of the community is at a moderate and lower level. Manuscript profile
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        309 - Investigating the Effect of Religious-National Beliefs on Vertical Individualism (Case Study: Citizens of Tehran)
        Farshad NajafiAsadollahi majid kaffashi Behrang Sedighi
        Individualism as a modern concept is one of the main features of modernity. What should be considered in the explanation and analysis of individualism is its various dimensions. In a kind of individualism, the individual pursues his personal self-interest, which is call More
        Individualism as a modern concept is one of the main features of modernity. What should be considered in the explanation and analysis of individualism is its various dimensions. In a kind of individualism, the individual pursues his personal self-interest, which is called vertical individualism. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of religious-national beliefs on vertical individualism. The present study is a descriptive-survey analysis in terms of its purpose. The statistical population of Tehran citizenship is over 25 years old in Tehran. The sample size was 400 with Cochran formula. The information was also collected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The findings of this study showed that the relationship between religiosity variable and inverse vertical individualism and the correlation coefficient of 0.385 and the relationship between the national symbol (flag) and inverse vertical personalization and correlation coefficient equal to 0.456. Also, the correlation between the two religiosity variables and the national flag (flag) with vertical individualism was 0.725 and the coefficient of determination was 0.525 and the variables of religiosity and the national flag (flag) were 52.5% of the variation of the variable "vertical individualism" they do. Manuscript profile
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        310 - Examining the opportunities and challenges of virtual education on the individual and society in universities with a hybrid approach
        maryam afkhami Mohammad Abbas Zadeh mehran samadi javad alipur
        Since the end of 2018, due to the spread of the Corona pandemic, virtual education, which had started years before that, spread to all universities and educational centers and became widespread, and as a result, researches about it also expanded and various researches o More
        Since the end of 2018, due to the spread of the Corona pandemic, virtual education, which had started years before that, spread to all universities and educational centers and became widespread, and as a result, researches about it also expanded and various researches on various topics about Identification of efficiency and effectiveness, advantages and disadvantages, etc. regarding virtual education was published. Based on this, the aim of this article is to examine the opportunities and challenges of virtual education in universities with a hybrid approach. Based on this, after reviewing numerous articles from various domestic scientific databases, among 194 researches in this field, 19 articles were selected as final sources for review, analysis, interpretation and classification. Based on the results of the current research, the opportunities and challenges of virtual education were categorized and divided into six components, which include: individual, family, university, technical and infrastructure. virtual education, opportunities, challenges, electronic education, Individual and society. Manuscript profile
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        311 - Factors Affecting the Financial Stress of Stock Exchange Individual Investors and Its Consequences: Meta-Synthesis Technique
        Yousef azadian iman dadashi Yosuf taghiporian
        Financial stress, both in the financial markets and in society, harms economic growth and social welfare by spreading financial instability and disrupting the functioning of the financial system. meta-synthesis is one of the types of meta- Study methods that using Sando More
        Financial stress, both in the financial markets and in society, harms economic growth and social welfare by spreading financial instability and disrupting the functioning of the financial system. meta-synthesis is one of the types of meta- Study methods that using Sandolowski and Barso's seven-step method. Kappa index method and Spss and Maxqda softwares were used to evaluate the reliability and quality control of the qualitative method. The kappa index value was calculated to be %1/95, which is in excellent agreement.The research findings include the conceptual research model and 111 factors affecting the financial stress of individual investors and 26 factors as the consequences of financial stress in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Determining the factors and designing the final research model can improve the understanding of the concept of financial stress and become a suitable tool to help investment trustees and capital market policymakers to build trust and attract potential investors. This study identifies a comprehensive list of factors affecting the financial stress of individual investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange and its consequences and presents the relevant conceptual model.To date, these factors have not been mentioned in Internal and external studies of the capital market and related fields. Manuscript profile
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        312 - Designing and Evaluating of Knowledge Sharing Model (Sample Study: Education Staff)
        Farahmand Zebar Dast Hossein Mehrdad Razia Jalili
        10.30495/mlseo.2022.691324
        The aim of this study was to design and test a knowledge sharing model (a case study among education staff) in which the combined research method was used through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative stage included all university professors More
        The aim of this study was to design and test a knowledge sharing model (a case study among education staff) in which the combined research method was used through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative stage included all university professors, experts and experts in the field of educational management and administrative staff with education experience, especially experts in the field of knowledge sharing. The statistical sample in this section includes 8 university professors, 4 experts and experts in the field of educational management and 4 The statistical population of this study included a small part of all education administrative staff, which according to the latest statistics and information available in the Deputy of Research and Planning of the General Directorate of Education in In the academic year of 1998-99, a total of 1412 educators were working in administrative positions. The researcher selected a sample of 304 people using a multi-stage cluster method and implemented a researcher-made questionnaire. The researcher based on the criteria extracted from the qualitative stage Amal documents, books, articles and interviews were semi-structured and in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed for the knowledge sharing model among education staff. Manuscript profile
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        313 - Identifying the dimensions of university entrepreneurship in the campuses of Islamic Azad University of Golestan Province
        M. Salehi ترانه Enayati فرهاد Nouraei
              The purpose of this study was to identify and study the dimensions of university entrepreneurship in the campuses of Islamic Azad University of Golestan Province. The research was conducted with a mixed approach in qualitative and quantita More
              The purpose of this study was to identify and study the dimensions of university entrepreneurship in the campuses of Islamic Azad University of Golestan Province. The research was conducted with a mixed approach in qualitative and quantitative phases. The research population consisted of faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Golestan province, of which 14 people participated in the qualitative part of the research in order to identify the dimensions of university entrepreneurship. Then, based on the conclusions, the quantitative part of the research was conducted by survey method. Sampling method of the qualitative and quantitative parts was purposive and stratified random, respectively. The first data collection tool was an interview and based on the identified dimensions and components, a university entrepreneurship questionnaire was also developed. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by experts and its reliability was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.71). Factor analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings indicated that university entrepreneurship has three dimensions: organizational, individual, and group, which consist of 10 components of organizational atmosphere, organizational competence and entrepreneurial intention, communicative competence, strategic competence and professional competence; entrepreneurship desire, accrual competence, personal competence, and conceptual competence. Manuscript profile
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        314 - Providing a model for identifying and attracting primary school principals in Tehran
        B. Moradi B. Moradi , A. Khorshidi , A. Khorshidi , L. Abassi Servak , L. Abassi Servak
        AbstractThe Purpose of this study was to provide a model for identifying and attracting primary school principals in Tehran. If an organization does not have a program for attracting and employing trained human resources in line with the current business requirements, t More
        AbstractThe Purpose of this study was to provide a model for identifying and attracting primary school principals in Tehran. If an organization does not have a program for attracting and employing trained human resources in line with the current business requirements, the effectiveness and efficiency of the organization's human resources programs and policies will suffer irreparable damage. In order to achieve the first two goals, the researcher has used the qualitative method and to achieve the third goal, he has used the quantitative survey method. Therefore, this research is in the category of mixed research. The sample of the qualitative section included 30 specialists, education experts and university professors in Tehran who were selected via purposive sampling. In the quantitative part of the sample using Morgan and Krejcie’s Table, 134 individuals were estimated who were randomly selected and evaluated using a researcher-made questionnaire. The results of the qualitative part were analyzed using the coding process, which finally included 200 indicators, 17 components and four dimensions of managerial competence, social competence, individual competence and final absorption. The findings of the quantitative section confirmed the qualitative findings. Manuscript profile
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        315 - Designing an Integrated Development Model for Assessing Coaching Competency Indicators in Educational Centers Using Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach (Case Study: Units and Centers of Islamic Azad University of West Azarbaijan Province)
        Soror Heydari Aghjivan Kolsom Kianniya
        Coaching as a method of management development and a strategy for improving performance has been growing recently among managers of organizations. One of the most important research needs in this field is to identify factors affecting the success of coaching, in a pract More
        Coaching as a method of management development and a strategy for improving performance has been growing recently among managers of organizations. One of the most important research needs in this field is to identify factors affecting the success of coaching, in a practical and evaluable model in order to commit to manpower by using coaching skills and achieve individual and organizational performance. However, there is no research or literature on which of the factors of coaching competencies contributes the most to the improvement of individual and organizational performance for these organizations, especially academic centers. In the present study, in order to respond to this challenge, comprehensively and systematically identify all the criteria that are effective in the field of coaching competencies through documentary study and with the help of Fuzzy Delphi method and the opinion of 10 experts and using the approach Interpretive Structural Modeling was used to regulate and direct the complexity of the relationships between criteria and by developing an integrated model for the effectiveness of criteria. The results showed that the criteria of Supporting Ethical Values and Confidence in the Potential Abilities of Individuals have the highest effectiveness among the criteria of coaching competencies in the units of Islamic Azad University of West Azarbaijan Province. Manuscript profile
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        316 - Presenting an entrepreneurship curriculum model to promote and acquire students' entrepreneurial skills (Research sample: Secondary secondary schools in Alborz province)
        Efat Aslani Reza Vala Fatah Nazem
        The purpose of this study is to present an entrepreneurship curriculum model to promote and acquire entrepreneurial skills of students (case study of secondary schools in Alborz province). The present study was applied in terms of purpose and mixed (qualitative-quantita More
        The purpose of this study is to present an entrepreneurship curriculum model to promote and acquire entrepreneurial skills of students (case study of secondary schools in Alborz province). The present study was applied in terms of purpose and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of method. The population in the qualitative section, included experts in the field of entrepreneurship in Alborz province in the academic year 2016-2017 out of whom 14 people were selected via purposive sampling. The population of the quantitative section also included all secondary school teachers in the planning and entrepreneurship course of Alborz province in the same academic year (n= 266). Based on Morgan and Georgian’s table 154 people were selected by simple random sampling. The research tool was semi-structured interviews in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the findings of the qualitative part in the quantitative part. MAXQDA18 was used to analyze the qualitative data and structural equation modeling with Smart Pls3 was used in the quantitative part. The results showed that there are 56 sub-themes and 5 main themes for the entrepreneurship curriculum. The results of exploratory factor analysis also showed that the first factor, ie creation of entrepreneurial knowledge explains 6.54 of the total variance, the second factor (entrepreneurial attitude) 7.65%, the third factor (entrepreneurial skills) 12.76% and the fourth factor (entrepreneurial ability) 14.65% explained the total variance of entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile
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        317 - The Estimation of the Recreational Value of Taq-Bostan Park in Kermanshah Using Individual Travel Cost Method
        Saeed Samadi M. Al-Sadat Nahvi M. Rajabi
        The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of liquidity on national savings in the economy using econometric regression vector and vector error correction model in 1973 to 2007. The results of the model indicate that the effects of changes in short-term More
        The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of liquidity on national savings in the economy using econometric regression vector and vector error correction model in 1973 to 2007. The results of the model indicate that the effects of changes in short-term and long-term liquidity on national saving rate is positive and significant, and with the passage of time these works are neutral.there are negative and statistically significant. Manuscript profile
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        318 - The Estimation of the Recreational Value of Taq-Bostan Park in Kermanshah Using Individual Travel Cost Method
        Gholamali sharzaei O. Moradi Y. goli
        Recreation and outing is one of the most important human needs, that the environment  has resolved many aspect of it. But real value of environment due to its public is not known. This problem has great damage on this resource, however, economists had many efforts More
        Recreation and outing is one of the most important human needs, that the environment  has resolved many aspect of it. But real value of environment due to its public is not known. This problem has great damage on this resource, however, economists had many efforts to determine the true value of ecosystems, because the market dose not have a ability  to determine to value of non-market services of ecosystems. So they uses  Non-market valuation methods. In this research, we examine the recreational value of Taq-Bostan forest park and visitors’ willingness to pay based on on-site collected data, using individual travel cost method (ITCM). Moreover, in order to estimate the demand function for visiting the park and subsequently, the willingness to pay of the visitors, Truncated poisson model and maximum likelihood method have been used. The result show that the average willingness to pay of each visitor for the recreational park under study is 11021 thousand tomans (according to 1392 prices) for each visit per year. To conclude, such willingness to pay provides policy-makers and government officials with enough justification to support the improve the quality of Taq-Bostan recreational park by at least investing on its preservation as much as the visitors’ willingness to pay. Manuscript profile
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        319 - Investigation of Archetypes of Sayeh ( shadow ) and its comparison with the Story of Bashare Parhizkar ( virtuous man ) from Nezami's Haft Peykar based on Jung's school of psychology
        Vajiheh Torkmani Barandoozi
        Abstract         Sayeh ( shadow ) is one of Jung's archetypes. In this process of individuality he introduces some archetypes that are shared by many people. He believes that man can achieve prosperity and perfection through correct u More
        Abstract         Sayeh ( shadow ) is one of Jung's archetypes. In this process of individuality he introduces some archetypes that are shared by many people. He believes that man can achieve prosperity and perfection through correct understanding of these archetypes; one of which was introduced by Jung as shadow which is the dark dimension of the human being. Sayeh is an unbecoming feature that knowingly happens in man's behavior. This research intends to investigate the third dome of this archetype in the behavior of Bashar ( human being )in the well-known Nezami's Haft Peykar 's pious character.and shows how he becomes familiar with his sayeh in the spiritual journey and achieves individuality process ( prosperity ) after death. Manuscript profile
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        320 - Studying the Elements of Emotion in Ahmad Shamloo's Poetry
        Seyyed Hassan Sharifi Arash Moshfaghi aziz Hojjaji Kahnooj
        Abstract         Emotion is of aesthetic elements and the way the poet deals with the events and phenomena of the existence and also his approach to them. The poet, in an awareness of human stance, is not indifferent to the excitement More
        Abstract         Emotion is of aesthetic elements and the way the poet deals with the events and phenomena of the existence and also his approach to them. The poet, in an awareness of human stance, is not indifferent to the excitement  and feelings that form his emotions. In reality, emotion is one of the main columns of the poetry such as speculation, rhythm, language which make up the bases of poetry. The deeper the poet's emotional relation with the phenomena and his surrounding world, the more his poetry will be of the emotional value. In Ahmad Shamloo's poetry, the element of emotion has a higher stance. We have tried, in this paper, to study it in his poetry, in a descriptive and analytic way. Using Shafiee Kadkani's classification (individual, social and humanistic selves) we have categorized the types of emotion into individual, social and humanistic way and have studied Shamloo's collection of poetry in the frame of that classification. The present study shows that personal and social emotions were used more in his earlier period of composing poetry from 1330 to 1343 and he has used individualistic and humanistic emotions between ( 1343 – 1344 ) and (1345 – 1379) respectively. That's, the third period of the ghognoos  (phoenix) in the rain of the story of relentlessness, love, hate, hopelessness, anger and chagrin to be mentioned in Shamloo's poetry. Manuscript profile
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        321 - The Elite's Veil in Spiritual Behavior Based on Literary and Gnostic Books
        Abbas Borna Farahnaz Mohammad Vand
        Abstract         Since the man's pure spirit kept distance from God's immense and pure garden, and was imprisoned in materialistic and world's cage, it constantly groans as a result of that separation and scrambles to raise all obstac More
        Abstract         Since the man's pure spirit kept distance from God's immense and pure garden, and was imprisoned in materialistic and world's cage, it constantly groans as a result of that separation and scrambles to raise all obstacles of light and darkness that has accepted through passing materialistic and physical worlds and paves the way for God's attainment. In dark veils such as greed, lust, duplicity, etc. individuals and groups are unanimous in their prevention and there is no ambiguity in it. Sufficient condition for removing these types of veils are disciple's asceticism and diligence. The light veils that individuals usually deal with them and at first they do not think of them as veil and obstacle and in their opinion they also go through it directly. They even imagine it as a cause of improvement. They do not know each light for light itself is counted lighter than the veil and the disciple being satisfied with one light gets deprived of other lights. Veils such as excessiveness in worship and obedience, excessiveness in spiritual journey, imagination of God's attainment, expecting reward for worship, etc contrary to talk veils, to remove these types of veils, we need divine dispensation in addition to disciple's diligence. It is being tried, in this paper, to explain several examples of different types of light veils and their difference with dark veils and to get familiar with the quality of prevention of these spiritual veils.   Manuscript profile
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        322 - Explaining the Multi-Level Model of Strategic Thinking
        farajolah rahimi abdolhadi Darziyanazizi azam rezai
        Today, the right way of managing and strategic thinking is one of the most important steps that organizations must take in order to prevent their growth and development, so for leaders who want to change their future and their environment, mastery of thinking A strategy More
        Today, the right way of managing and strategic thinking is one of the most important steps that organizations must take in order to prevent their growth and development, so for leaders who want to change their future and their environment, mastery of thinking A strategy is very important. Hence, this study is strategic thinking Explanation multilevel model. The present research in terms of purpose is Development and in terms of Data collection is descriptive- Surveying. The study sample Experts strategic planning team is a selection of production companies, Khuzestan province. The number of teams participating in this study are 18 teams that 130 people have been chosen sampling method. For gathering data using questionnaires that its validity and reliability was approved. After confirming the normality of the data of the PLS structural equation modeling techniques to examine individual and group level assumptions and techniques used to analyze the surface HLM is hypothetical. The results of this study showed that variables individual level, risk tolerance, tolerance of ambiguity and opportunism have a significant impact on strategic thinking individual. The group-level variables, Job diversity and task Conflict on strategic thinking (individual and group) have a significant positive impact and relationship conflict (variable level of the group) on strategic thinking (individual and group) and has a significant negative impact. Strategic thinking is a positive and significant impact on the individual strategic thinking, the results showed that strategic thinking (individual and group) there is a significant positive impact on organizational intelligence Manuscript profile
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        323 - Designing and Explaining the Institutionalization Model of Individual Empowerment Strategy from the Mass Media Channel of Television
        Meisam Samband aliakbar farhangi Jamshid Salehi Sedghyani Mohammad Reza Ghaedi
        The purpose of this paper is to design a model for institutionalizing the strategy of individual empowerment through television. The research method is exploratory mixed using a typological strategy. The statistical population of this study is composed of experts in thi More
        The purpose of this paper is to design a model for institutionalizing the strategy of individual empowerment through television. The research method is exploratory mixed using a typological strategy. The statistical population of this study is composed of experts in this field. In the qualitative section, 13 people were selected using the theoretical sampling method and in the quantitative section, 385 people were selected by random sampling method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured individual interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was based on structural equation modeling using Smart-PLS software. Research results have shown that environmental and human factors, television, programming, and audience characteristics can predict individual empowerment variables. The results of the model test showed that the proposed model explains a total of 62.7% of the changes related to the dependent variable of individual empowerment. Manuscript profile
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        324 - The effection of poets on critical national identity
        Amiesmael Azar
         Identity, national identity in particular. Is an issue which has not been dealt with yet, or if any, the definitions and discussions raised have barely accomplished. The present research has initially defined the national and individual identity and the relation b More
         Identity, national identity in particular. Is an issue which has not been dealt with yet, or if any, the definitions and discussions raised have barely accomplished. The present research has initially defined the national and individual identity and the relation between identity and culture. Therefore, the concept of the term “national” is clarified prior to deal with national identity. Since among principles of the research is to specify the specify the identity domain associated with society and city, a wide range of identities such as historical, geographical, political, religious, spiritual and cultural are explained. The rule of myths, customs, traditions, social contracts and ceremonies as regards identity are also discussed. The Iranian identity in poems of the prominent and impressive poets in the Constitution era as well as the way they were processed is to be notified. Manuscript profile
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        325 - study the relation between localization world with individualism and collectivism( case study of yazd university students)
        Atefeh Zahabi Mahdi Ali nejad Mahnaz Farahmand
        This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the world - localization with individualism and pulralism among students of Yazd University. The dependent variables are individualism and pulralism In horizontal and vertical dimensions are measured based on the More
        This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the world - localization with individualism and pulralism among students of Yazd University. The dependent variables are individualism and pulralism In horizontal and vertical dimensions are measured based on the opinions Tryandys. Research method Is Questionnaire survey and collect data from the population using proportional stratified random sampling method, 384 students were selected. The research main question was whether to pursue a meaningful relationship between the world - Local and individualism and pluralism there? According to the original question of research main hypothesis is on the relationship between the world – localization with individualism and pulralism. The secondary hypotheses suggest that is the relationship between the background variables sex, marital status and education, there is individualism and pluralism. Research findings show that between sex, marital status and education, with individualism and pulralism there is no significant relationship. There was a significant relationship between the localization world with individualism. the latest There was a significant relationship between the localization world with collectivism. Multiple regression analysis showed that the One aspect of globalization localization as Against the world explained more than 16% of the variance stems of collectivism. Also, after Another aspect of the local universe as compliance with the process of globalization, showed individualism accounted for 5.9% of the variance stems. Manuscript profile
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        326 - Telework in I.R.I.B and the role of information technology
        Amir Hossein Asadi Elham Khosravi
        Manuscript profile
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        327 - Designing a Model of Structural Equation of Learning Organization in the Ministry of Sports and Youth
        kayvan arzeh mozaffar yektayar mojgan moradpoor
        The purpose of this study was to design a model of structural equation of learning organization in the Ministry of Sports and youth. The present study is applied-developmental, mixed and descriptive-survey. The statistical population in the qualitative section included More
        The purpose of this study was to design a model of structural equation of learning organization in the Ministry of Sports and youth. The present study is applied-developmental, mixed and descriptive-survey. The statistical population in the qualitative section included experts in the field of sport management who were interviewed using 14 people who purposely selected with snowball method. In the quantitative section of the statistical population, including all experts working in the Ministry of Sports and Youth (N=300), which was determined using the available method based on Morgan table, the statistical sample was determined (n=169). To analyze the qualitative data, the grounded data method and quantitative data were used using structural equation method. Findings in the qualitative part included causal factors, contextual factors, intervening factors and finally strategies and consequences which were presented in the form of a conceptual model. In qualitative part, the results showed that the t value of causal conditions on the main phenomenon was 2/949, background conditions on the strategies were 2/111, intervening conditions on the strategies were 3/352, main phenomenon on the strategies was 2/048 and strategies on the consequences were 5/714, all relationships were confirmed. The results also showed that the research model has a good fit. Therefore, considering the importance of learning organization in the present era that there are extensive changes and threats, learning organization can be a strategy to deal with these conditions. So, managers of the Ministry of Sport and Youth are advised to use the framework of the present study model in order to transform the organization into a learning organization. Manuscript profile
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        328 - Study of alteration in body weight by individual housing of Laboratory mice
        M.R Rahimnejad وهاب Babapoor S.D Mohammadi
        Maintenance conditions of domestic and laboratory animals can lead to wide variations in their metabolism.Individual housing is one of the most effective factor which can affect their metabolism. In this study, the effectof individual maintenance on body weight of 28 mi More
        Maintenance conditions of domestic and laboratory animals can lead to wide variations in their metabolism.Individual housing is one of the most effective factor which can affect their metabolism. In this study, the effectof individual maintenance on body weight of 28 mice in both solo and group maintenance group for 4 weeks werestudied.The results of this investigation showed, the body weight in individual male & female mice was more than groupmice as meaningful. Body weight of individual male mice group, was more than individual female mice group asmeaningful that shows more effect of individual life on male mice.Based on these results, it is recommended to have this issue addressed in all the processes of maintenance andbreeding of animals that require individual housing. Manuscript profile
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        329 - Effects of individual housing on visceral pain sensation in mice
        M.R Rahimnejad,
        Individual housing can induce physiological and behavioral changes on domestic and laboratory animals. The aim ofthe present study was to investigate the effects of individual housing on visceral pain sensitivity. Mice were separatedfor 4 weeks until pain testing began. More
        Individual housing can induce physiological and behavioral changes on domestic and laboratory animals. The aim ofthe present study was to investigate the effects of individual housing on visceral pain sensitivity. Mice were separatedfor 4 weeks until pain testing began. Their visceral pain sensitivity was compared to the group housed mice. Bothmale and female single-housed mice showed signifcantly reduced visceral pain sensitivity, but results showed thatthe reduction of pain was greater in individually-housed male mice. We could conclude that individual housing haseffects on pain sensation in mice. Manuscript profile
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        330 - Individual housing effects on food intake behavior in mice
        M.R Rahim nejhad وهاب Babapour
          Individual housing is known as powerful factor in making chronic stress and many researches have shown its relation with  high risk of mortality and negative health consequences on human and other spices with social life from some complications like weight More
          Individual housing is known as powerful factor in making chronic stress and many researches have shown its relation with  high risk of mortality and negative health consequences on human and other spices with social life from some complications like weight increasing diabetes,harmonic disorders.in this research,mice(14 male,14 female) divided into group and individually housed and the effects of 4 week individual housing on food intake in mice was considered by utilized food weighting.based on results,the received food in individual male and female mouse was less than group mouse as meaningful.individually housed male mice,in the 1 st &4th week have received less food in relation to group housed.but about food intake,individually housed female mice in the 1st &4th weeks,the result was similar to individual male mice and their taking rate food was less than group female mice as meaningful.received food rate of individually housed male mice was less than individually huosed female miceas meaningful that shows more effect of individual life on male mice.more researches are suggested to recognize mechanisms and also prevented methods,phamaceutical & non-pharmaceutical treatments,complications from individual houseing and social isolation.   Manuscript profile
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        331 - Seroprevalence of canine dirofilaria immitis in sarab district
        مجید KAnmohammadi
          dirofilaria immitis is one of the important parasites in blood circulation which results in severe cardiopulmonary symptoms in dogs.as this parasite is a zoonotic one,a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 384 sheep dogs and watchdogs in order to h More
          dirofilaria immitis is one of the important parasites in blood circulation which results in severe cardiopulmonary symptoms in dogs.as this parasite is a zoonotic one,a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 384 sheep dogs and watchdogs in order to have a promary study on existence of dirofilaria immitis and its prevalence is sarab regoin.serums were tested using Elisa method.serologic out break of dirofilaria immitis was determined 13.5%(52.384).the highesr selorogic outbreak of dirofilaria immitis in dogs with the age of 4-6 was 21.7%(37.170),and the lowest prevalence in dogs with the age of 0-2 was 5.5%(7.126).seroprevalence in male dogs was 14.3%(44.306)and in female dogs was 10.2%(8.78).the highest rate of prevalence was 48.14%(13.27) in Jaldeh baghan village and the lowest prevalence was 2.8%(2.70) in Asbforoushan village.statistical results showed no significant relationship between prevalence,gender,race and housing of dogs in,but the rate of prevalence increases by the age.this study showed that according to three reports from East Azerbaijan and Ardabil provences,these regoins are among the most contaminated regions with dirofilaria immitis in Iran and presence of microfiller dirofilaria immitis in the blood of digs can be one of the important factors in epidemiology of this parasite.dogs with the age of 2 years and above,especially watchdogs tested in this study,must treat with proper medicines and microfiller-killers to reduce the prevalence of this filler.considering the two reports regarding the probability of prevalence of human with parasite in Iran,the aspect of zoonotic prevalence and the hygienic importance,should be considered.   Manuscript profile
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        332 - Effect of individual housing on chronic pain in mice
        M.R Rahimnejad رامین Hajikhani M.U Aguilar Merchen
        Individual housing and social isolation means falling apart from fellow in man and social animals is consideredone powerful stressful event through several studies that has been shown negative effects of individual housingon various aspects of physiological function of More
        Individual housing and social isolation means falling apart from fellow in man and social animals is consideredone powerful stressful event through several studies that has been shown negative effects of individual housingon various aspects of physiological function of living organisms such as laboratory, domestic and farm animals.In this study 20 mice (10 male and 10 female) have been divided into 2 groups (social and individual housing) andhave been maintained for one month in this condition then the rate of chronic pain were measured with formalintest. The results indicated reduction of chronic pain in male and female individually housed mice but this reductionwas signifcantly greater in male mice. For understanding mechanisms involved in this process, further studies inthe felds of neurochemical changes due to social isolation and sex differences in behavioral changes induced bysocial isolation are recommended Manuscript profile
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        333 - Political Culture, Individuality and Reproduction of Authoritarianism in Iran
        Seyedeh Leila Mousavi Majid Tavasoli Rokn Abadi
        There is a long history of authoritarianism in Iran. Ever since the first ancient empires were born in Iran and when political structure was formed, the authoritarianism was borne in iran. In all past centuries has accompanied the Iranian authoritarian political structu More
        There is a long history of authoritarianism in Iran. Ever since the first ancient empires were born in Iran and when political structure was formed, the authoritarianism was borne in iran. In all past centuries has accompanied the Iranian authoritarian political structure.And features have been more or less stable political system in this country. But the question is why authoritarianism during many centuries despite historical changes still retains deep roots in Iran and has been perpetuated in the form of quasi-authoritarianism? This article's hypothesis is that despite the impact of various factors, Political culture should be the foremost reproduction of authoritarianism in Iran. A factor that has led to authoritarian and semi-authoritarian political systems of the past centuries combined with the Iranians and their political life. Among the components of political culture has been some more and some less.This paper is among several components, mainly on the weakness of individuality in Iranian society and its causes Specially focus on making the authoritarian Iranian family in continuation of authoritarianism. Manuscript profile
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        334 - Investigating the Individual's Experience of the Geographical Space of Tehran's Shoe Market Based on Spatial Sequence
        Fatemeh Zaeri Dr.Leyla Zare Dr.Roozbeh Naghshineh Dr.Hamid Reza Vatan khah
        Markets have been the primary human centers for human gatherings and a place to exchange goods. People gather in markets with different interests and desires, and the success of these spaces is proportional to their use and presence. The structure of Iranian traditional More
        Markets have been the primary human centers for human gatherings and a place to exchange goods. People gather in markets with different interests and desires, and the success of these spaces is proportional to their use and presence. The structure of Iranian traditional markets and its parts and organs have an independent identity and a meaningful connection with each other, as well as provide a platform for the expression of solidarity, unity, individual and collective feelings. The spaces are in traditional Iranian markets. This research is a combined "applied-developmental" type, which collects information with the method of document review, collecting information in the field, preparing videos and sounds from the market environment, mapping and non-interventional observation, and verifying the content in the form of a questionnaire (298 respondent) and using GPS on a mobile phone along the path of the shoemaker's market to study people's behavior in order to determine what parameters based on the spatial sequence in the market space cause different experiences in people. Common points that had more pauses among people were recorded as main stations on the map. This research concludes that the five senses are affected by sensory perceptions and environmental stimuli, some of which are more permanent and their relationship with the spatial sequence has a more direct relationship, which creates an effective experience in the individual. Manuscript profile
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        335 - Stylistic analysis of the archetypal elements of Jung's individuation process in folk tales
        masoomeh khalilno حمیدرضا فرضی rostam amani
        One of the communication approaches between literature and psychology is the archetypal criticism of literary works, which can be used to explore the layers of meaning hidden in the content of the works. From the literary works, folk tales, due to having mythological el More
        One of the communication approaches between literature and psychology is the archetypal criticism of literary works, which can be used to explore the layers of meaning hidden in the content of the works. From the literary works, folk tales, due to having mythological elements and educational moral content, are very important in revealing unconscious contents in this article, with the aim of examining the stylistics of archetypal elements and its influence in the process. Individuality, twenty folk tales from the collection "Culture of Legends of Iranian People" by Darvishian and Khandan Mehabadi in stylistic repetitions of various elements of archetypes, types of archetypes and how the process of individuality is analyzed descriptively and analytically. The basic archetype of stories is the archetype of shadow. In the process of individuation, the characters reach full individuality in confronting the shadow with the help of other archetypes, the most important of which is the old man, and in cases where they do not have a helpful archetype and the compatibility of the archetypes is not balanced, the hero fails. has eaten. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        336 - Designing Curriculum of family rights Education Based to culture of individualvalues for Elementary System
        Ruhollah moradi samira tighbakhsh
        This Study Was Mainly Designing Curriculum Based to family rights Education for Elementary System.The Present Study Aimed at Investigating the International Documents Conducted on family rights Education for Elementary System by Employing a Qualitative Approach .Domain More
        This Study Was Mainly Designing Curriculum Based to family rights Education for Elementary System.The Present Study Aimed at Investigating the International Documents Conducted on family rights Education for Elementary System by Employing a Qualitative Approach .Domain of Research to Including of International Documents Related and Organization of Nation and International That Providing an Appropriate Framework for family rights Education in The Elementary System. In Order to Collect the Data ,The Related Literature Was Reviewed Based on The Questions and Objectives of The Study .The Data Analysis Was Based on Deduction.The Results of The Study Depicted five Main Categories Including Objective, Content,Learning / Teaching Strategies,Assessment Technicals and Environment and for Validity Used of Credibility and for ReliabilityUsed of Dependability and for Reliable of Capability in Education Investigation by Experts. This Study Was Mainly Designing Curriculum Based to family rights Education for Elementary System.The Present Study Aimed at Investigating the International Documents Conducted on family rights Education for Elementary System by Employing a Qualitative Approach .Domain of Research to Including of International Documents Related and Organization of Nation and International That Providing an Appropriate Framework for family rights Education in The Elementary System. In Order to Collect the Data ,The Related Literature Was Reviewed Based on The Questions and Objectives of The Study .The Data Analysis Was Based on Deduction.The Results of The Study Depicted five Main Categories Including Objective, Content,Learning / Teaching Strategies,Assessment Technicals and Environment and for Validity Used of Credibility and for ReliabilityUsed of Dependability and for Reliable of Capability in Education Investigation by Experts. Manuscript profile
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        337 - Synthesis research of manager's competency dimensions with emphasis on Islamic management.
        Lida SHeshpari Hossein Momenimahmouei
        The purpose of this study was to investiate the dimensions of competency of managers through research synthesis with emphasis on Islamic management. The study is qualitative and of synthesis research type. Population were comprised of all studies carried out on managers More
        The purpose of this study was to investiate the dimensions of competency of managers through research synthesis with emphasis on Islamic management. The study is qualitative and of synthesis research type. Population were comprised of all studies carried out on managers competency dimensions from databases between 2010 and 2022, totaling 140 articles, that were classified and screened through content analysis, of which 47 articles (8 external sources and 39 internal sources) that met the criteria of the research were selected by purposive sampling as a statistical sample and examined. In order to collect the required information, a checklist made by the researcher was used to report and record the information of the initial researches, which was collected by searching with different keywords related to the purpose of the research. Robert’s six-stage model of synthesis research was used to analyze the findings. The validity of the proposed framework was evaluated on the basis of four criteria: credibility, transferability, trustworthiness, and confirmability. The result of the inductive and compositional content analysis of the categories is the extraction of the conceptual framework of the manager's competency dimensions factors around 4 levels: Belief-value, individual, professional (vocational) and managerial. Manuscript profile
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        338 - The Relationship between Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles, and the Attitude towards Organizational Change
        Mahdi Farazja Mohsen Khademi
        Abstract: The main purpose of the study was to pursue the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles Concerning Fars Province Educational Office experts' attitude toward organizational change. The population and sample of the research cons More
        Abstract: The main purpose of the study was to pursue the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles Concerning Fars Province Educational Office experts' attitude toward organizational change. The population and sample of the research consisted of all Fars Province Educational Office experts in academic year 2007-08. The sample consisted of 202 male and 28 female experts. Two instruments were used: one was designed for transformational leadership and the other for measuring attitude towards organizational change. The first questionnaire consisted of five dimensions: 1. Charismatic leadership 2.Intellectual stimulation 3.Individual consideration, 4.Contingent reward, and 5.Management-by-Exception. Of the five, the last two dimensions belonged to the transactional leadership. The second questionnaire consisted of three dimensions including 1.cognitive, 2.affective, and 3.behavioral. The reliability and validity of the instruments were measured and approved. In order to analyze the data, statistical techniques such as Pearson Correlation Coefficients and Multiple Regression were used. The results were indicative of several points: There were significant relationship between charismatic leadership (r=0.32, p<0.01)  and cognitive dimension; intellectual stimulation with cognitive(r=0.21, p<0.01) and behavioral (r=0.23, p<0.01) dimensions; contingent reward with cognitive (r=0.28, 0.01), affective (r=-0.15, p<0.01), and behavioral (r=0.23, p<0.01) dimensions; management-by-exception and affective (r=-0.20, p<0.01) dimension, but the relationship between dimensions of transactional leadership and affective dimension of the attitudes towards organizational change was negative. Results also showed that charismatic leadership dimension was capable to predict affective (β =0.52, P<0.003) and cognitive (β =1.1, P<0.001) dimensions and that contingent reward was capable to predict behavioral dimension (β=0.41, P<0.001) of the attitude towards organizational change. Manuscript profile
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        339 - A Comparison between Metacognitive Knowledge of Solving Problem and Primary School Students’ Level of Academic Achievement, Grades,and Sex
        Zohreh Ababaf Hasan Pashasharifi
          Abstract  This paper  aims at investigating the metacognitive Knowledge of solving problem among primary school students with high and low school achievement. Two other variables of the students’ grade and sex were also accounted for. The partic More
          Abstract  This paper  aims at investigating the metacognitive Knowledge of solving problem among primary school students with high and low school achievement. Two other variables of the students’ grade and sex were also accounted for. The participants were 232 boy and girl students from forth and fifth grades which were randomly selected and divided into two groups of high  and low achievers . Swanson (1996) Metacognitive Questionnaire was used in the form of interview. The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and the findings were : No significant difference was traced between metacognitive knowledge and the boy and girl students’ knowledge of strategies. Also, fifth graders were higher than forth graders regarding their metacognitive  and  strategy knowledge. It was even more significantly meaningful  in terms of the strategy knowledge. Manuscript profile
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        340 - An Investigation the Relationship between Bilingualism and the Learning of English Language
        Nasser yoosefi Ahmad Sohrabi Ozera Etemadi Seyed Ahmad Ahmadi
        Abstract: This Study investigates the relationship between bilingualism and monolingualism  in English language learning among boy student of the third grade in junior  high schools.200 students  who were Farsi-Arab bilinguals were selected using cluster More
        Abstract: This Study investigates the relationship between bilingualism and monolingualism  in English language learning among boy student of the third grade in junior  high schools.200 students  who were Farsi-Arab bilinguals were selected using cluster random sampling from schools in District 4 in Ahvaz . Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire, Ryan  Intelligence Test, teacher-made final exam.The results indicates that the highest degree of correlation was calculated between students’English language learning and learner-centered teaching method. Except   two variables of learning-centeredness and stidents’ sequence of birthdays, other variables show a correlation with  English language learning  especially  bilingualism learner-centered teaching, economic and cultural status of the family , appropriate condition of the institutes, teachers education, and students’ intelligence. These variable explain 88% of the variation in language learning . Controlling individual variables, a significant correlation is calculated between language learning score and bilingualism     (r = 47 , α <0/05),  Therefore, bilingualism  can explain %25 of the variation in language learning which is meaningful at (α <0/05).With  controlling individual, family, anf institution variables, a significant difference is observed between  bilingual and monolingual students in  learning  English language.ANCOVA has also indicates the same results. Manuscript profile
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        341 - Evaluating the Components Situation of Education and Development Quality Improvement of Municipality Managers (Case: Tehran City)
        morteza asgarani mostafa niknami Nadergholi Ghourchian
        Continuous environmental change will make organizational improvements and improvements in a variety of inevitable situations. On the other hand, organizations need to improve and develop operational operations in order to keep pace with environmental changes. One of the More
        Continuous environmental change will make organizational improvements and improvements in a variety of inevitable situations. On the other hand, organizations need to improve and develop operational operations in order to keep pace with environmental changes. One of the processes that strengthens the competencies of the employees and leads to the growth of the person is education. Therefore, according to the above mentioned, the purpose of this study was to assess the status of components of improving the quality of education and the growth of Tehran's municipality managers. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data type was quantitative. The statistical population of this research includes all managers of Tehran municipality (Tehran municipality with 16 departments and nine deputies) with 740 people. Using multistage cluster sampling method and Cochran formula, 253 individuals were selected as sample size Became In this study, library method and researcher-made questionnaire (quantitative section) were used to collect data. In order to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, face validity, content and construct were used. To calculate its reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability were used. Results indicated that the validity and reliability of the researcher's questionnaire were made. In order to analyze the data, according to the research questions, descriptive statistics and inferential and using Spss software And Lisrel were used. The results showed that the individual and educational components of improving the quality of education were in a desirable situation, but the organizational component was not favorable. Manuscript profile
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        342 - Investigating the individual factors effective on knowledge hiding in science space
        Mahdi Hoseinpour Sanjar Salajeghe Mohammad Jalal Kamali
        The present study, with a mixed approach, has identified individual factors affecting the knowledge hiding in the scientific space, so this article include in the pluralism of information collection methods. Also, using the "Delphi" method, the conceptual model of indiv More
        The present study, with a mixed approach, has identified individual factors affecting the knowledge hiding in the scientific space, so this article include in the pluralism of information collection methods. Also, using the "Delphi" method, the conceptual model of individual factors effective on knowledge hiding in science space. In quantitative terms, the statistical sample of this research was 314 employees of Islamic Azad University of Khorasan Razavi. They were selected through random sampling method and were surveyed through standard questionnaires of knowledge hiding (Demirkasimoglu, 2016) and researcher-made individual factors. Statistical data during the first 6 months of 2020 was analyzed and using SEM and Amos software. Individual factors included faithful commitment, personality traits, and communication skills. The results indicate that faithful commitment have a significant relationship with knowledge hiding also personality traits have a significant relationship with knowledge hiding and finally communication skills have a significant relationship with knowledge hiding. Manuscript profile
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        343 - Identifying Individual Factors Influencing Entrepreneurship Enhancement in University Graduates (Case Study: Faculty of Management, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch)
        farshad sarjalooe
        The purpose of this research was to identify the individual factors affecting the entrepreneurship of university graduates in the Faculty of Management of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch. Statistical population includes all graduates of management faculty More
        The purpose of this research was to identify the individual factors affecting the entrepreneurship of university graduates in the Faculty of Management of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch. Statistical population includes all graduates of management faculty of Islamic Azad University of Central Tehran Branch. Using Morgan's sample size estimation table, 305 individuals were selected randomly. The research method was descriptive and correlational. In order to collect the required information, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to identify the individual factors affecting the entrepreneurship of university graduates that their validity and reliability were evaluated. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Research findings using Tobey Kendall and Spearman correlation tests showed that the individual factors of graduates including self-esteem, desire for outcome, risk-taking, guidance and leadership, creativity, and future-mindedness play a role in enhancing their entrepreneurship. And in terms of purpose it is practical. This research is also a descriptive research method because the research seeks to identify the individual factors that influence the entrepreneurship of university graduates. Therefore, it is one of the descriptive researches. Since the present study investigates the relationships between variables, The research method is descriptive-correlational. Manuscript profile
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        344 - Design and development of a comprehensive performance management model based on a process-based approach in three layers (individual, group and organizational) in government agencies
        taghi mohammadi Nader Bohlouli jafar bekzad Gholamreza Rahimi
        The purpose of this study is to design a comprehensive system of organizational performance management based on a process-based approach in three layers (individual, group and organizational) in government organizations. This research has been done in the framework of a More
        The purpose of this study is to design a comprehensive system of organizational performance management based on a process-based approach in three layers (individual, group and organizational) in government organizations. This research has been done in the framework of a qualitative approach and using the data research method of the foundation. The statistical population of the research is academic and executive experts, as well as in the implementation of the model of all experts, heads and managers of West Azerbaijan province. Statistical sample was interviewed using purposeful sampling including 12 university experts and 8 organizational experts familiar with performance appraisal. The research was designed. The results of this section have led to the identification of 27 components in the organizational section, 8 components in the individual section and 5 components in the group section. The research results showed that individual dimensions included (motivation, communication, growth and learning, ability development, achievement of individual goals, creativity and innovation), group dimensions including (group participation, achievement of group goals, team creativity) and The organizational dimension includes (human resource management, internal processes, customers and stakeholders, financial performance, achievement of organizational goals, quality of service delivery, flexibility) Manuscript profile
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        345 - Designing and validation a local pattern for promoting of Organizational Commitment of staff at the "Farhangyan" University of Tehran
        Mojtaba Moazzami farzaneh ahmaditabar esmaeil kavousy mohsen amerishaharabi
        This study discussed the Designing and validation a local pattern for promoting of Organizational Commitment of staff at the "Farhangyan" University of Tehran. This research was an applied study of the purpose and methodologically as qualitative methods. After analyzing More
        This study discussed the Designing and validation a local pattern for promoting of Organizational Commitment of staff at the "Farhangyan" University of Tehran. This research was an applied study of the purpose and methodologically as qualitative methods. After analyzing the data, 45 components of concept codes were obtained and then classified at 6 dimensions including, Organizational, motivational, managerial, individual, educational and investment.This study discussed the Designing and validation a local pattern for promoting of Organizational Commitment of staff at the "Farhangyan" University of Tehran. This research was an applied study of the purpose and methodologically as qualitative methods. After analyzing the data, 45 components of concept codes were obtained and then classified at 6 dimensions including, Organizational, motivational, managerial, individual, educational and investment. Organizational Commitment of staff, profeesional merits, Organizational, motivational, managerial, individual, Educational and investmentOrganizational Commitment of staff, profeesional merits, Organizational, motivational, managerial, individual, Educational and investmentOrganizational Commitment of staff, profeesional merits, Organizational, motivational, managerial, individual, Educational and investment Manuscript profile
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        346 - Study of relationship between personal characteristics and test anxiety and perception of the classroom environment of female High School students
        sevda fazlizade mohammad sahebalzamani ladan Fatah moghadam
        The aim of this study was to identify the effective demographic factors on exam anxiety and perception from the classroom environment of high school female students. The research method was descriptive –correlational. So, 300 high school girl students in Sarab cit More
        The aim of this study was to identify the effective demographic factors on exam anxiety and perception from the classroom environment of high school female students. The research method was descriptive –correlational. So, 300 high school girl students in Sarab city were selected by multistage cluster sampling and then responded to the demographic, Sarason test anxiety and perception from classroom environments Gentle, Ghabl and Riza questionnaires. The findings showed a significant difference in the test anxiety score in terms of age group, mother's education, education level, sport, family income, and also significant difference in the perceived grade of the classroom environment according to the type of school and the student's average score (p Manuscript profile
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        347 - Esfandiar; The controversy over the realization or non-realization of individuality in his personality
        Mahmoud Eskandari
        Esfandiar in Shahnameh is one of the important figures in the mythical and epic history of Iran. The complexity of his character has provided a good platform for interpreting and theorizing about this character, his actions and behavior. In this article, we try to use J More
        Esfandiar in Shahnameh is one of the important figures in the mythical and epic history of Iran. The complexity of his character has provided a good platform for interpreting and theorizing about this character, his actions and behavior. In this article, we try to use Jung's theories to examine Esfandiar's Haft-KHan and the controversy of "individuality" in his character, .We know that the use of new analytical theories in the study of epic texts can open new angles for researchers. One of the important points in Esfandiar's heroic life is the issue of "Haft- KHan", which has been followed by various analyzes. Research on this subject, based on Jung's theories, often has a single point of view in comparison with "Rostam Haft-KHan", and that is that Esfandiar, like the superhero of Iranian myths, was able to "individuality" by passing the Haft-KHan. Achieve "perfection". While the stage of the return of this hero from the Haft-KHan, and especially his important and influential actions in the last stages of his life, proves contrary to the results of recent research. In the present discourse, we will show by quoting the same Jungi's approach that previous studies are based on, that the process of individuality and perfection has not been achieved for him due to Esfandiar's unification with the archetype of "Persona" and the domination of "shadow" over his personality. And just passing the Haft-KHan does not confirm the claim of this research that Esfandiar has achieved "individuality". Manuscript profile
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        348 - Individual differences in technology acceptance: A study on the independent or mediating role of gender and age in technology acceptance models
        Zahra Hosseini
        Abstract Individual differences, especially gender and age, in the use of technology, have long been one of the basic questions in determining the factors affecting the use of technology. According to the use of different models of acceptance, among available studi More
        Abstract Individual differences, especially gender and age, in the use of technology, have long been one of the basic questions in determining the factors affecting the use of technology. According to the use of different models of acceptance, among available studies, an agent role and an independent role for individual characteristics have been considered. Since the existing literature is carried out in different cognitive contexts and on a variety of technologies, there is no agreement on the modulating or independent impact of gender and age. Accordingly, this study aimed to study both roles of these changes on a sample of 335 Islamic Azad University students who were selected collaboratively and was conducted on the technology of using the Internet on mobile phones. The data was collected using the technology acceptance questionnaire of Davis (1989) which was adapted to the mobile internet technology and its validity was confirmed. Data analysis is done using a t-test and analysis of variance (to determine the different roles of changes and a linear regression test to determine the role of adjustments. The results show a stronger role of gender on the components of perceived usefulness, behavioral intention, and behavior While the independent role of age only on the component of receiving meaningful usefulness and age showed its effect concerning usefulness and intention and changing the intention of behavior using mobile internet technology. These results showed the complexity of the role of individual differences in influence in technology adoption. proposed and suggests taking both mediating and independent roles of these changes in the use of technology models in research. Manuscript profile

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