Sociological analysis of the generation gap of children and parents awaiting the role of each other in the urban family of Iran (Case study of Tehran)

Subject Areas : Journal of Iranian Social Development Studies

Habibollah Karimian ¹ , Mehrdad Navabakhsh ²

1 - Ph.D. Student of Sociology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Professor of Sociology

Received: 2017-11-24 Accepted : 2017-11-24 Published : 2017-08-23

Keywords: Generation gap, anticipation of role, Modernism, religious beliefs, Individualism,

Abstract :

Family is one of the social institutions where the roles and role expectations are of great importance. In Iranian urban families, members play significant roles in relation to each other, and the expectations of each member of the role played by the other is also worthy of consideration. The multiple, and often ultimately conflicting, roles of the parents on the one hand, and the transition of urban families from tradition to modernity, on the other, have pushed the expectations of the parents of their roles away from what their children expect of their parents. The present field study is cross-sectional, extensive and practical in nature. The instrument used is a researcher-made questionnaire to collect the required data from the interviewees. The research population were all the families living in the 22 municipality districts of Tehran (2,597,731 families based on the 2011 census). The results show a significant difference between the parents and their children in level of education and attitudes towards innovation, individualism, and the generation gap. There is also evidence for the effect of the family’s socio-economic status on creation of a generation gap. There is also the effect of the children’s educational level on the formation of the gap. Parents and their children also differ in their observance of religious traditions and rites including prayer and fasting. 

References:

1. Abercombie, N. & Hill, S. (2000). ThePenguin Dictionary of   sociology. London: penguin books, fourth edition.


2. Azad Armaki. T. & Ghafari. Gh. (2007). The Sociology of Generation in Iran, Human Sciences Research Institute .Tehran.  


3. Budon. R. (1985), Social Logic, Translation by Abdolhossein Nik Gohar, Tehran, Javidan Publishing Organization.


4. Cohen. B. (2008). Principles of Sociology. (Tavasoli. Gh.). SAMT Publications. Tehran [Persian]


5. Crespi, I. Socialization and gender within the family: A study on adolescents and their parents in Great Britain. Retrieved from http://pdfcast.org/pdf (2012).


6. Daigle, S. M. (2004) what influence do gender roles have on adolescents’ development? Retrieved from http://pdfcast.org/pdf (2012).


7. Dietz, T. L. (1998). An Examination of Violence and Gender Role Portrayals in Video Games: Implications for Gender socialization and Aggressive Behavior. Retrieved from http://pdfcast.org/pdf (2012).


8. Dutch. M. & Crowse. R. M. (1995). The Theories in Sociopsycology (Kotobi. M) Tehran. University of Tehran [Persian]


9. Family Issues in the United States: The 1960s through the1990s, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 63 (November): 1009-1037.


10. Gerson, K. (1993). No Man’s Land: Men’s Changing Commitments to Family and Work. New York: BasicBooks.


11. Giddens, A. (1994). Beyond left and right, Cambridge: Politypress.


12. Giddens, A. (2000). Modernity and Isolation. (Mofeghian N.). Ney Publishing. Tehran.


13. Ingelhart, R. & Baker, R. (2000). Modernization, cultural change and the persistence of traditional values, American sociological review, Vol, 65.


14. Ingelhart. R. (1994). Cultural Transformation in the Industrialized Society. Translation by Maryam Viter, Tehran: Kavir Publishing.


15. Leslie, G. &Korman, Sh. (1985). The family in social context. London: Oxforduniversity press.


16. Lover, R. H. (2004). Views on Social Change. (Seidamami. K.). Academic Publishing. Tehran.


17. Mansourfar, K. (2006). Advanced Statistical Methods. University of Tehran Press. Tehran.


18. Navabakhsh, M. (2015). An Introduction to Social Capital, Enrichment of Urban Sociology. Culture and Civilization Publishing.


19. Panahi. M. H. (1994). The Impacts of Education on Generation Gap in Iran. Allameh Tabatabai University, Journal of Social Sciences, No. 27, pp. 1-41.


20. Riley, S. C.E. (2003). The Management of the Traditional Male Role: a discourse analysis of the constructions and functions of provision, Journal of Gender Studies 12(2): 99-113.


21. Robertson.Y. (1993). Introduction to sociology (Behravan.H) Mashhad, Astan Ghodse Razavi (Persian)


22. Rosher. G. (1991). Social Action, (Zanjanizade. H), Mashhsd, University of Mashhad.


23. Saraee. H. (2003). Introduction to Sampeling in Research, SAMT Publications. Tehran [Persian]


24. Tavasoli. Gh. (2001). Sociology of Religion. Tehran. Sokhan Publications. Tehran [Persian]


25. Tavasoli. Gh. (2003). The Social Factors of Generation Gap in Iran, Tehran, Jahade Daneshgahi Publications. [Persian]


26. Tavasoli. Gh. (2007). The Theories of Sociology. SAMT Publications. Tehran [Persian]


27. Thornton, A. and Young-DeMarco, L. (2001).Four Decades of Trends inAttitudes toward


28. Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection. (2010). Sociological Theory/Role theory. Retrieved from http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/.


29. Williams, L. and McBain. H. (2006). Integrating gender on multiple levels: A Conceptual Model for Teaching Gender Issues in Family Therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. 32 (3): 385-397.