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Open Access Article
1 - test
Admin Sanad member testenglish test 92.2 از زمانهای گذشته تا به امروز صحبت از فناوری و تاثیر آن بر زندگی وجود داشته تا جایی که امروز دیگر زندگی بدون فناوری آن کیفیت مورد نظر را نخواهد داشت. از آنجا که انسان در تطبیق زندگی خود با تکنولوژی به سرعت رو به جلو حرکت میکند اما در برخی موارد استف Moreenglish test 92.2 از زمانهای گذشته تا به امروز صحبت از فناوری و تاثیر آن بر زندگی وجود داشته تا جایی که امروز دیگر زندگی بدون فناوری آن کیفیت مورد نظر را نخواهد داشت. از آنجا که انسان در تطبیق زندگی خود با تکنولوژی به سرعت رو به جلو حرکت میکند اما در برخی موارد استفاده از فناوری صحبت از اختلال یا تخریب کیفیت مثبت زندگی شده است. بهبود همه جانبه کیفیت زندگی از مسائل اصلی در جوامع پیشرفته امروزی است. با توجه به پیشرفتهای چشمگیر و قابلیتهای فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات، یکی از روشهای کمک کننده در مسیر بهبود کیفیت زندگی همان استفاده از این تکنولوژی است. در کل فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات مجموعه‌ای از سخت‌افزار و نرمافزار به همراه فکر است که گردش و بهره‌برداري از اطلاعات را امکانپذیر می‌سازد. این مفهوم از تعامل بخشهای رایانه، اطلاعات و ارتباطات مخابراتی به وجود می‌آید. امروزه فناوري اطلاعات و ارتباطات رشد گسترده‌ای بین کشورهاي مختلف داشته و مزایاي فراوانی در بهبود کیفیت زندگی ایجاد کرده است. از این رو براي جذب منافع حاصل از فناوري اطلاعات و ارتباطات، باید این فناوري اجرا و به صورت کارآمد استفاده شود. این امر بسیار مهم است که اگر کشورهای در حال رشد شکاف دیجیتالی در کشور یا میان کشورهای دیگر را به خوبی شناسایی نکرده یا به آن بی‌توجهی کنند به راحتی با عقب‌ماندگی رو به رو خواهند شد. این موضوع جایگاه فناوري اطلاعات و ارتباطات را در رشد و پیشرفت کشورها نشان میدهد و ضرورت دسترسی و استفاده از فناوري اطلاعات و ارتباطات را به خوبی مشخص می‌سازد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Determining The Relationships Between Research and Development Activities and Production Efficiency (Case Study: China Industries of IRAN)
M. Taleghani M.B.G. ArianezhadExplaining and analyzing of factors related to production efficiency (PE) in direction of research and development (R&D) activities in china industries of Iran has been the main object of this research and the researcher is going to examine this problem base on a pa MoreExplaining and analyzing of factors related to production efficiency (PE) in direction of research and development (R&D) activities in china industries of Iran has been the main object of this research and the researcher is going to examine this problem base on a particular model which the research and development (R&D) activities through what kind of process and factors concluded to production efficiency (PE)? According to research’s point of view, research and development (R&D) activities is effected on applying modern knowledge and also it can be effected to quality improvement (QI) and waste reduction (WR) due to the development of production efficiency(PE) (Research model). For this purpose, the researcher analyses and reviews as per to this thesis, the situation of the units of research and development (R&D) activities china industries country and by using model testing analysied and evaluated of the rate of effectiveness the quality improvement (QI) and waste reduction (WR) properties to production efficiency (PE) assumed industries. In this manner it can be recognized the main points of production efficiency (PE) and developed the dimensions of quantitative and qualitative. This research is included in six chapters that in the first chapter, it discussed on general of research design according to precise technical which represented. In the second chapter the researcher has a summary survey on theorical principles of research literature frame and in the end of this chapter the studies and researches related to research objective has been analyzed and reviewed, too. In the third chapter has a glance at ratio theorical framework of causal models. In the fourth chapter, researcher tries to study and review the research methodology. In the most important chapter i.e the fifth chapter the researcher represents his scientific analysis about statistical statistical studies of research. And finally in the sixth chapter the researcher will bring to an end doing a series of conclution and represent some execution solution in order to production efficiency (PE) development in china industries of country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Portfolio Optimization Using Markowitz’s Mean-Semi Variance Method on Tehran Stock Exchange
F. Heibati R. HaddadzadehThis paper presents an alternative to the standard mean-variance efficient frontier model underpinningmodern portfolio theory applications. We present a more practical alternative - A Mean-Semivarianceefficient frontier - that takes into consideration advances in &ldquo MoreThis paper presents an alternative to the standard mean-variance efficient frontier model underpinningmodern portfolio theory applications. We present a more practical alternative - A Mean-Semivarianceefficient frontier - that takes into consideration advances in “Post Modern Portfolio Theory” as it pertains toasset allocation. The implications for advisors and planners are profound:An investor’s minimal acceptable return is a critical determinant of their optimal portfolio;Efficient frontiers need not be continuous, reflecting the realities of market behavior and demonstratedvolatility;This new method for calculating frontiers is a preferred device for developing strategic asset allocations.What is so efficient about the “efficient frontier?” The Markowitz (1952) model is employed to determinethe optimal mix of risky securities. This methodology involves determining what the minimum riskcombination of securities or asset classes is for a given return. Risk, in this context, is defined as the standarddeviation of returns of a composite portfolio. By plotting these risk-return combinations, an “efficientfrontier” is generated (with the “efficient” part being the upper boundary). Is this really the preferred way tolook at risk and use it in portfolio selection? If it is not, then is this frontier really “efficient?”In this paper we have modified the traditional Markowitz paradigm by redefining risk. The definition of riskwe employ in this paper is “Semi-Standard Deviation” instead of “Standard Deviation”. Then we haveconstructed efficient frontier for top fifty securities of Tehran stock exchange using Downside Risk approachor “Mean-Semivariance” method. In this research we achieved more efficient frontier using this method thanthe traditional one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Application of MPT & PMPT in Evaluation of Risk ( Financial-Marketing Approach to Iran Cement Industry )
H. R. Vakilifard J. BarzigarAccording to Modern Portfolio Theory , the total risk dividend into two types : uncontrollable risk( systematic risk ) and controllable risk ( unsystematic risk ) . therefore , determining of systematicrisk and comparing it with unsystematic risk can assist cement Co. m MoreAccording to Modern Portfolio Theory , the total risk dividend into two types : uncontrollable risk( systematic risk ) and controllable risk ( unsystematic risk ) . therefore , determining of systematicrisk and comparing it with unsystematic risk can assist cement Co. managers & shareholders .In the reality word , shareholders decide about financial assets based of post modern portfolio theory(PMPT) , so comparing of different risks through undesirable risk creates realler results. So, in thisresearch , In the first process , is done the quantitative evaluation of cement risks with the financialapproach and in the result of it cleared that in the research time territory , the undesirable risk of thecement co. portfolio, in every years, was more than the risk of the market co. portfolio and alsorecognized that unsystematic risk of the cement companies is more than their systematic risk .So , the most of the risk that affecting the cement co. returns is rise of the internal factors , such as :the company management or cement industry and the external factors , such as : market factor has hadthe low affect on the risk of the cement co. portfolio returns and the reason of it is that the allgovernments is accepted the cement supply in every conditions and so , the cement industrial is noteffected of environmental changes .In the second process , is done the qualitative evaluation (identifying & rating) of Cement risks withthe marketing approach .For identifying and rating the existing risks in the cement industrial through the questionary andopinion assessment , is analyzed replies and the below results is obtained :The change in foreign exchange , inflation , governmental annoyer regulations , no foreign investment, natural unexpected events , political occurrences are effective in systematic risk in cement companiesand determined that The cheapness of the cement sale price & the governmental control on prices , thelack of the skill workers , the lack of sufficient liquidity , the lack of innovation and competition ,the hard to return of projects and the same pricing for the same cement formula with different qualities, unstability in issuance of cement exporting licences , unsafe activity of broker network in cementdistributions , weariness of equipments & installations , using of present valence in minimum of scale ,the cement smuggle and the cement import are effective in unsystematic risk of cement companies .also , The cheapness of the cement sale price & the governmental control on prices , the lack of theskill workers , the lack of sufficient liquidity , the lack of innovation and competition , the hard toreturn of projects and so on , are the most serious factors in increasing risk in cement corporations .Also, privatising and private management , foreign investment , private management with governmentsupervision and export , are the most serious factors in decreasing risk in cement corporations . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A Study on the Lighting Equipment in Qajar Era and the Impact of Modernity on its Development
Khatereh Fahimi Mahtab MobiniThe process of designing and producing the lighting devices continues, almost uniform, from Ancient Persia to the Islamic era and the artists tried to take advantage of the earlier generations experience, in terms of creating more improvement equipment in design and dec MoreThe process of designing and producing the lighting devices continues, almost uniform, from Ancient Persia to the Islamic era and the artists tried to take advantage of the earlier generations experience, in terms of creating more improvement equipment in design and decoration. Qajar era was the last period of using the traditional lighting equipment before the development of modern technologies and also a turning point in the evolution and development of these devices as a result of encountering Iranian traditional society to the industrial aspect of the West. Eventually, with the arrival of gas and electricity in the late thirteenth century AH, most of these items were either supplanted or were transformed into decorative tool. Based on the primary sources, the present paper studies the types of lighting equipment since ancient time and their survival and development during the Qajar period as well as the customs and crafts associated with them, by exploring the Astan-i-Quds and Astan-i-Qum treasuries References Safar Nāma- yi Aḍud al- Mulk bih Atabāt, Revised by Hasan Morsalvand, Tehran, Mawʾassisa- yi Pazhūhish wa Muṭāliʿāt-i Farhangī, 1370/ 1991. Bakhtiar, Amir Hooshang, "Manṣab-i čirāgh- čī- Bāshī Dar Atabāt-i Āliyyāt", Tarīkh-i Islām, No. 15, Fall 1382/ 2003. Brugsch, Heinrich , Safarī bih Darbār-i Sulṭān-i Ṣāḥibiḳarān, trans. HoseinKordbacheh, Tehran, Ettelaat Publication, 1368/ 1989. Fehervari, Geza, Ceramics of Islamic World in the Tareq Rajab Museum, New York, I.B. Tauris & co Ltd, 2000/ 1379. Floor, Willem, Ṣanāyi- i Kuhan dar Dawra- yi Ḳādjār, Traditional Crafts in Qajar Iran (1800-1925), trans. Ali- Reza Baharlou, Tehran, Piykara, 1393/ 2014. Guzārish- hā- yi Naẓmiyya az Maḥallāt-i Ṭihrān (Tehran), Rāpūrt-i WaḳāyiMukhtalifa Maḥallat- i Dār al- Khilāfat (1305- 1303 AH), Revised by Ensiyeh Sheykh Rezaee & Shahla Azari, Vol. 1, Tehran, National Library of Iran, 1377/ 1998. Khurāsān Dar Asnād Amīn al- Ḍarb (Sāl- hā- yi 1351- 1282 AH), Under Guidanse of Iraj Afshar, Revised by Narges Pedram & Mozhdeh Mahdavi, Tehran, Thurayyā, 1390/ 2011. Mūnis al- Dawla, Khāṭirāt- i Mūnis al- Dawla Nadīma- yi Ḥaram Sarā- yi Nāṣir al - Dīn Shāh, Revised by Sirus Sedvendiyan, Tehran, Zarrīn, 1380/ 2001. Mustawfī, ʿAbdallāh, Sharḥ-i Zindigānī- yi Man, Tarīkh- i Idjtimāī wa Idārī- yi Dawra - yi Ḳādjāriyya, Vol.1, Tehran, Zawwār, 1377/ 1998. Nadjmī, Nāṣir, Ṭihrān- i(Tehran) Aṣr- i Nāṣirī, Tehran, ʿAttār, 1364/ 1985. Shahri, Jafar, Tarīkh-i Idjtimāī- yi Tehran dar Ḳarn- i Sīzdah- hum: Zindigī, Kasb wa Kār, Tehran, Rasā, 1368/ 1989. Shishegar, Arman, "Bārfatan", Dānish-nāma-yi Djahān-i Islām, Mostafa Mir-Salim (as supervisor), Tehran, The Center For The Great Islamic Encyclopedia, 1375/ 1996. Wills ,Charles James, Tarīkh- i Idjtimāī Iran Dar Ahd- i Ḳadjāriyya (Persia as it is : being sketches of modern Persian life and character), Revised by Jamshid Dodange & Mehrdad Niknam, Tehran, Zarrīn, 1363/ 1984. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigating the status of sociology-political participation of citizens from the perspective of modern government management
Hajieh Rajabi FarjadBackground and Aim: Citizens' involvement in the management of public affairs increases the accountability of government agents and makes them more responsive and sensitive to the expectations of the people. On the other hand, the legitimacy and acceptance of the g MoreBackground and Aim: Citizens' involvement in the management of public affairs increases the accountability of government agents and makes them more responsive and sensitive to the expectations of the people. On the other hand, the legitimacy and acceptance of the government is strengthened and consolidated with the participation of the people. In modern government management theories, the role of government is to lead rather than authoritarian control, the effective participation of the people in the management of all affairs in society. The purpose of this article is to examine the current and favorable situation of citizen participation from the perspective of modern government management. Research method: The method of this research was descriptive-survey. Data collection tool is a questionnaire that was asked of experts. The statistical population was members of parliament, and 30 members of parliament were selected by the method of snowball, which was polled in three stages. Results: To analyze the current situation and the optimal situation of the index, the sign test was used. Conclusion: that there is a significant difference between the current situation and the desired situation of citizen participation from the perspective of modern government management and the existence of a gap is confirmed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Analyzing the shortcomings of the modern bureaucratic system in Iran with a periodic comparative approach and designing a comprehensive model of bureaucratic leadership
Enayat Allah Aghaei Alireza Shirvani Ali Rashidpour Farzad KarimiContext: cultural, social and political differences of the countries have been the source of additional problems in the application of the bureaucratic model. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the inadequacies of the modern bureaucratic system in Iran MoreContext: cultural, social and political differences of the countries have been the source of additional problems in the application of the bureaucratic model. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the inadequacies of the modern bureaucratic system in Iran with a periodic comparative approach and to design a comprehensive model of bureaucratic leadership based on the leadership teachings of Cyrus the Great. Methods: Among the related concepts, 128 lessons were obtained by using the comparative content analysis method in the field of three common components of leadership. In the community of experts, the snowball method was used and 13 people participated in the implementation of the three-step Delphi technique. The verification of extracted variables in the form of three components was done by using the opinion of experts and its validity was confirmed by professors and management, cultural and historical experts. Findings: show that in the design of a comprehensive leadership model, "correctness of leadership", "honesty in leadership", "the existence of strategic thinking", respectively, have the highest rank among outstanding leadership traits, principles and skills. Conclusion: model, Cyrus the Great had what today's thinkers consider as leadership traits, principles and skills, and this is a source of pride. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Critical Discourse Analysis "Man of Steel"(film) Relying on the metaphysical debates on Transmodernism paradigm
Mahdi Yaghobi aliakbar Farhangi Seyyed Jamaluddin Tabibi TabibiIn the twenty-first century, cinema, as the seventh art, continues to play an important role in transmitting the message. The combination of scientific and art paradigms has contributed to their participation in the process of content creation and the transfer of concep MoreIn the twenty-first century, cinema, as the seventh art, continues to play an important role in transmitting the message. The combination of scientific and art paradigms has contributed to their participation in the process of content creation and the transfer of concepts that have a multi-faceted relationship with both fields. In the meantime, cinematic linkage with dominant paradigms at any time as a source of productive content with special capabilities in the production and presentation of concepts has become popular and has attracted many audiences. In this research, the author seeks to represent the metaphysical signs of the new Trans-modernism paradigm in Zack Snyder's "Man of the Paladin". In this regard, the search for metaphysical elements and the discovery of hidden semantic and ideological layers in the film, based on the theory of critical discourse analysis of Freclough, has been carried out with the approach of PADM. The methodology used to collect the metaphysical concepts of the modern trans-modern paradigm is descriptive-analytic. By analyzing the discourse of the film, the author concluded that the metaphysical discourse featured in Steel Man film represents the discourse of the new modern Trance paradigm. Of course, discursive practices such as mythology, savior, future represent a part of the ruling discourse that can not be regarded as ruling discourse. The findings of the research reveal the most important factors affecting the emergence of a new field in the third millennium for human beings with the Trans-modernism Paradigm approach and its impact on Hollywood cinema Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The Role of Modern Communication Technologies on Civil Engagement Ardabil City
Rahim Saeedi Ali JafariThis study examines the effect of modern communication technology on civil Dgyrshdgy Ardabil. The study population All citizens over 18 years living in the city of Ardabil are based on population and housing census of 1390 estimated number of 115,000 people. And based o MoreThis study examines the effect of modern communication technology on civil Dgyrshdgy Ardabil. The study population All citizens over 18 years living in the city of Ardabil are based on population and housing census of 1390 estimated number of 115,000 people. And based on a sample size of 384 was determined by Cochran and sampling using multi-stage cluster sampling was used. To collect data the researcher used a questionnaire made. The results showed that modern communication technologies on Civil engagement of citizens in Ardabil, as well as telegrams, Instagram, Facebook, YouTube on Civil engagement of citizens in Ardabil an impact. Most Instagram and Facebook, which has less impact on the Ardabil province involve allowing civil disruption Obviously, there are factors that may contribute to civil affairs to tend to the limit The results obtained from communication technologies, especially cable and YouTube demonstrated that civic engagement are of high impact The new technologies considered a means of social and civic contributions to the emergence of a new vision for human interaction in the modern era is thought to be. Therefore, it should be noted modern communication technologies such as the bridge between citizens and the authorities are in fact in the city as part of their rights so that citizens can be involved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Elements of postmodern cinema in the movie “Have You Another Apple?”
Seyede Sorayya Mousavi Seyed Mohammad Mehdizade TaleshiThe current study aims to recognize the elements of postmodern cinema in the movie “Have You Another Apple?” directed by Bayram Fazli in 2006. To this end Quantitative content analysis method was used in order to achieve the goals. The unit of analysis is &l MoreThe current study aims to recognize the elements of postmodern cinema in the movie “Have You Another Apple?” directed by Bayram Fazli in 2006. To this end Quantitative content analysis method was used in order to achieve the goals. The unit of analysis is “scene”. Statistical population of this research is 90 scenes of movie “Have You Another Apple?”. Data were collected through the census method and were analyzed using SPSS. The findings have been analyzed based on “intertextuality” and “decline of metanarrative”. The result shows this film is a postmodern movie without a classic hero. It involves the audiences in storytelling. The film is dominated by a pseudo-surreal sphere. The postmodern films include lots of signifiers that their signified is made in audiences' minds. “Have You Another Apple?” is full of signs and symbols. Many of scenes look like painting, so it could be concluded that the figure is dominant. The main character in “Have You Another Apple?” is not like the heroes in classic films; he is immature and fool. In the most scenes of this movie, human is portrayed as a “captive”. Based on the results characters rarely try to escape from oppression, and in the most scenes they surrender. At the end of the movie, nobody overcome the oppression. The movie denies the active and aware subject and the possibility of human liberation and emancipation. This film ends while the main character running that reminds “Sisyphus Cycle and the Futility”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The Effect of Virtual Tribes on the Implications of Postmodern Consumer Behavior on Social Media)
Bahram Khairy Mohammad Mehdi PouyanThe growth and popularity of social media is communication among people creating new approaches. This article reviews and synchronization Comments on this concept seeks to investigate and predict the effects of tribes allowable percentage of the consequences of postmode MoreThe growth and popularity of social media is communication among people creating new approaches. This article reviews and synchronization Comments on this concept seeks to investigate and predict the effects of tribes allowable percentage of the consequences of postmodern consumer behavior that its components are consequences faithfully, black marketing, power consumption, Surrealism and pluralism in social media. Questionnaire data were obtained using a sample size of 230 students at, using structural equation modeling using partial least squares analysis software Smart PLS is located. Results predicts that in the aforesaid tribes are permitted to consume a significant impact on all outcome variables Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Cyber Feminism Theory on the Challenges of New Information Technologies
Bahareh NasiriIn this article From the perspective of the relationship between patriarchy cyber feminism Discussed in social networks And then, despite the prediction of individual idealism of cyberspace, With a variety of removal methods, Games with traditional ideas of gender and i MoreIn this article From the perspective of the relationship between patriarchy cyber feminism Discussed in social networks And then, despite the prediction of individual idealism of cyberspace, With a variety of removal methods, Games with traditional ideas of gender and its destruction in familiar spaces And we find out that a new kind of "patriarchy" and resulted in the clearing of women, Intensified monitoring of women's movements and associations, Consumers of superman Erosion of social life, and reduced resistance strategies against the new manifestations of power is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Comparative Study of Facade Ornament, a factor in understanding of scale, Function and structural expression; (Case Study: modern and postmodern era)
Mohammadreza Ranjazmayazari Mojtaba AnsariOrnament, has a special role in the understanding of the user, in the scale of the building, its function, and structural expression, so that the amount of ornament used, the location and the relationship with the components of the building, make it an effective and spe MoreOrnament, has a special role in the understanding of the user, in the scale of the building, its function, and structural expression, so that the amount of ornament used, the location and the relationship with the components of the building, make it an effective and special element in the history of architecture. Shortage of coherent studies between ornament and mentioned factors caused this research to done. The question of whether ornament can influence the perception of the user in understanding the above factors is important. Therefore, the present research hypothesizes that in the periods of history, the ornament has been in the pursuit of goals such as functional clarity, scalability, and clarity in the structural expression, and in periods has disconnected with clarity of these factors. Previous studies have surveyed ornament from the point of geometric dimension and semantics without considering these three factors mentioned above. This paper has a comparative- analytical approach. Accordingly, the components of "scale", "functional clarity" and "structural expression" are described with a focus on the subject of "ornamentation" in the two periods of modern and postmodern architecture, were surveyed using content analysis and referring to written and visual sources of Architectural examples of each two periods (Famous works by vanguard architects). The comparison is carried out in two phases of qualitative (for some famous building) and quantitative (by a checklist) methods in architecture. Selecting and evaluating the selected statistical society was done in the form of a checklist. The criterion for completing the checklist was based on logical reasoning and the authors' assessment of the available evidence. In selecting case studies, at first 100 samples of buildings - 50 samples for each period - were selected as target samples. The reason for being targeted at this stage has had the selection of the appropriate works of the famous architects. Then, 50 cases (25 samples for each period) were selected randomly to achieve the validity of the samples which was used in the quantitative evaluation. Then, among the works of the indexes of the mentioned periods, some of them were purposefully explained the results and their quantitative description. Finally, it was concluded, from quantities and qualities analysis, that the type of ornamental approach could play a role in understanding the scale, functionality, and structural expression. In modern architecture, the style of Chicago school, there is an organic approach to ornamentation, it has united with the materials and to increase the effective exposure of the three indicators considered in this article. Also, in modern European architecture, with the removal of ornament is emphasized on the clarity of the scale, building function and in the expression of the structure in most works of that period. But in postmodern architecture (initial and shell oriented postmodern), with the disconnection of the decorative shell with the interior space and orientation of the decorative wall to the environment and the effect of it, a different approach was seen and vice versa than in the previous two periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Impact of Speed on Transformations of Urban Structures in Global and Iranian Scale (Case Study: Shiraz City)
Azadeh Pourtazak seyed hossein bahreiny mohammad naghizadeSpeed as a matter of mobility lies at the core of the modernity. It overcomes the physical distances by various modes of transportation, and is able to distribute data and information through telecommunication tools. Generally, the challenge created by speed is its sudd MoreSpeed as a matter of mobility lies at the core of the modernity. It overcomes the physical distances by various modes of transportation, and is able to distribute data and information through telecommunication tools. Generally, the challenge created by speed is its sudden and hasty effect in a physical or even virtual environment which can lead to non conformities and a kind of disruption in present function of the system and would be harmful to the new agent, the environment itself or other users of it. So the pervasive impact of speed in changing communities and the human settlements is revealed. In detailed point of view, the study of variety of technological tools and the plurality of physical infrastructures in Shiraz urban structure shows the emergence of multiple speeds that led to the complexity, extension and dispersion of the city. Therefore, this amount of change in a short period of time caused a serious problem especially in measurement and evaluation of the city's structure. On this basis, the goal of this article is to gain a comprehensive view of speed, furthermore achieving an interrelationship between speed and urban structure is considered. This is investigated and analyzed through four speed ages extracted in both global and national scale. The objectives would be obtaining the urban corridors in the structure of Shiraz city in four speed ages which has the highest potential of mobility and this is coinciding with the definition of speed extracted in the epochs mentioned before. The proof of this claim is performed through space syntax analysis and its most practical criterion which is called the integration value. Moreover, in order to carry out a comprehensive and detailed investigation of speed in the present age, the study of different modes of transportation comprised of bus corridors, special taxi corridors and metro stations is done. Also the network analysis in physical context which has been done through space syntax, is applied. Besides, the virtual infrastructure of two main telephone portables in Iranian networks including Irancell and MCI coverage is studied. The overlapping of the above maps results the multi mobility-multi speed corridors in the structure of Shiraz which is comprised of a wide range of speed between minimum and maximum rate in the categories of natural speed, mechanical speed and virtual speed. These corridors achieve their multi functional characteristics through a historical and evolutionary process. The aforementioned corridors are the main streets ending to the five entrances of Shiraz city, number of corridors agglomerated in central part of city, and many east-west corridors versus few north-south corridors scattered in different city directions. As a result, in order to make a coherent and integrated structure, it is important to consider proper distribution of corridors in the north-south direction along with east-west direction also making an appropriate connection between these directions is suggested. The augmentation and reinforcement of south and east corridors together with north and west, also strengthening and emphasizing on the corridors connected to the peripheral settlements is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Understanding the environmental assumptions that affect the formation of a sense of place in the traditional bazaar and comparison with modern commercial complexes (Case in traditional bazaar and commercial complex Safavid Kashan)
Zahra Abbasi Farah Habib Mostafa MokhtabadBazaar is one of the most influential spaces in the Muslim city. During the formation of towns, bazaar often has multiple social, economic, political and cultural functions. This paper presents a study of traditional market and commercial complex in Kashan, to create a MoreBazaar is one of the most influential spaces in the Muslim city. During the formation of towns, bazaar often has multiple social, economic, political and cultural functions. This paper presents a study of traditional market and commercial complex in Kashan, to create a sense of place in environmental quality deals of the environment and its components involved in creating the sense of place. Therefore, factors affecting the sense of place and assess how to respond to the humanitarian needs of the modern and traditional market is intended in this research.Iranian traditional architecture, particularly Bazaar architecture, is a type of visual-perceptual architecture. The architecture which involves all senses includes the body; eyes penetrate in it; skin feels its texture; ears hear its interaction with people and nature; and muscles act and react to experience it. The designers of such environments could also make it possible for people to perceive conceptions and symbolic values.­ The architecture of Bazaar of Kashan, as one of the examples of Iranian bazaars, creates the sensory concentration system by embodying sensory incentives. In addition to this major system, corridors invite you to walk through them and discover the surroundings and peace can be found in places such as mosques, Timches and open spaces nearby. Based on the human being's perceptual processes in response to his needs, the architecture of Iranian traditional bazaars in the first place promotes psychological health of the society and then considers the connection with meaning. Architects considered all the human perceptual needs by utilizing all his senses and emphasized on cultural and identity issues by mixing religious forms with artistic designs.In the bazaar, perception happens as a result of crowding and privacy in the environment. In the first place, this solitude leads to relaxation, reflection, and afterward to a system of meaning based upon human consciousness which is acquired through his previous experiences and current culture eventually leading to an understanding of the values and aesthetics. In the Iranian bazaar, architects paid attention to all human senses and his perceptual needs and their mixed religious functions with spatial designs in order to emphasize on culture and identity-related issues. As the backbone of cities, Iranian bazaars have had a persistent connection with urban texture, causing such a strong public presence that they were considered the main crossing of the city.It seems that the recreation of a bazaar in the contemporary urban life addressed by architects, planner, and urban planners should be based upon the contemporary human perceptual process. Nowadays, bazaars are losing their value relative to other parts of the city and their economic role has decreased obviously. There have been competitors across the city for bazaars, which were not successful either in the building or strong relationship with clients. The research hypotheses are preparing the necessary information regarding the data collected and analyzed in SPSS software. Accordingly, the results confirmed that the components of sense of place is fully presented in traditional space and more specifically in the traditional bazaar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Iranian Urbanism and Architecture during Transmission Period
Somayeh Ebrahimi, Seyed Gholamreza Islami,Iran contemporary architecture is in a critical situation because our society is changing by industrialization, globalization and today by information revolution. Art and architecture have a great role to make our identity and society organization. Transmission from tra MoreIran contemporary architecture is in a critical situation because our society is changing by industrialization, globalization and today by information revolution. Art and architecture have a great role to make our identity and society organization. Transmission from traditional society to modern and then network society, have made many pleasant and unpleasant influences on our life style, behavior, collective wisdom and also on our physical world, environment, cities and buildings. Iranian society experienced transmission from traditional to modern society without any scientific, cultural, educational, artistic infrastructures. Today, emergence of network society, influenced every aspects of our life and have a great challenge by tradition and its rules. The transition term means changing from one status to another status that has been occurred during a period of time, creating new things and transforming many existent identities. Therefore, the transition era as an “indefinite period of time” is an effective and challenging period during our history. Studying this period of time can assist the societies to understand the changes in a better way and to reorganize all their infrastructures, thereby immune themselves against lack of development in all fields and its consequences. Nowadays, The Iranian society faces with another transition to the network society for which some of the initial infrastructures underpinned by telecommunication and information technologies had been established. The raise of speed reduced the required time for occurring the eventualities and in contrast to the past that transition from agriculture to industry had taken many centuries, transition to electronic world and network society occurs in a shorter period of time. These changes occur so fast that failure to detect the status will face the societies with shocks and their consequences in the future. Sufficient knowledge and good plan for the predictable future can help the society to pass through the crises of transition period in all fields and benefited from changes in favor of all fields. The first step of this research is to know about our situation and transmission era to make new sustainable structure for our societies and our physical world. In this article our focus is on Iran contemporary architecture, specially in the last decades. Technology and modernization have changed our physical world. Our cities have a great physical growth in the last three decades. Iran architecture today is suffering from abnormal, odd, unreasonable constructions which mostly have made by a confused society not architects. Illness of economy, unreasonable politics and programs make great disorders in the body of our cities. Today also we can find a few masterpieces of architecture which can make our identity in new era of modernization and globalization. the role of architecture in the world in which the borders are crossing out, traditional societies are demolishing, network societies are developing, reality and virtuality are extremely close together, collective intelligence is replacing individualism, patriarchy families are destructing, human bodies are equipping with electronic tools, environment is stepping forward toward destruction and resource depletion, information viruses are spreading, will be explained briefly in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Analyzing the Role of Cinema on Critique of the Modern Urbanism
Siamak Panahi Seyyed Mostafa Mokhtabad Amraey Mehrdad NavabakhshThis study has concentrated on the Role of Cinema on Critique of the Modern Urbanism. The theoretical framework of essay is designing architecture theory base on concept which is related to the way of semiotic , base on layered semiotic ( analyzing Film with MoreThis study has concentrated on the Role of Cinema on Critique of the Modern Urbanism. The theoretical framework of essay is designing architecture theory base on concept which is related to the way of semiotic , base on layered semiotic ( analyzing Film with syntagm layers: text ,context , intertextuality ,code , media) and Ervin Panofsky ‘s semiotic analyzing which has three periods: primitive understanding , background literature and hermeneutics. The research methods in this study are analytic and descriptive combination of qualitative (from case study to theory) and quantitative (from theory to case study) research. This study has analyzed some famous films by professional directors which their base concept was about criticizing modern movement. At first we analyzed the meaning of modernism, mechinism, semiology, and then genealogy of modern space creation in film and the way of determination of modern movement and their critique. The conclusion of the study is that the architecture is formed and created base on concept and cinema is one of the best critical tools of modern stream in architecture and urbanism. Cinema with black comedy genre, modern semiotic, city palimpsest, city nostalgia, utopia and distopia manifests these kind of meaning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Emergence of Modernism in Turkish Architecture and it's Encounter with National Architectural Movements
Hamid majedi jamaleddin soheiliOttoman revivalism in Turkish Contemporary architecture known as the first national architectural movement in 1920s, was abolished with emergence of modernism in 1930 s and drew the attentions again in 1940 s.The 1930s was a decade of attempts, improvement and change. T MoreOttoman revivalism in Turkish Contemporary architecture known as the first national architectural movement in 1920s, was abolished with emergence of modernism in 1930 s and drew the attentions again in 1940 s.The 1930s was a decade of attempts, improvement and change. The construction activities were programmed to display this.While it is difficult to state that this display had a distinct from, this form would characterize the 1930s as aversion of modern functionalism. May be the attitude of the administrators was never in the course of imposing a certain style.Only the Ottoman revivalist style displaying the old culture was abandoned because it was considered to be an anachronism. What was sought was an expression to represent the desired level of civilization and which came first with the Republic as in the foundation of Ankara. The tendency to modern architecture was conceived as a necessity of being contemporary and as one of completing elements of passing from the culture of Islamic/Eastern origin to that of the Western culture. During the years of revolution when the ties with the old older of society were cut one by one, the Republication staff must have evaluated the new architecture as a symbol to reflect the political radicalism. In summary, an expectation of being contemporary in architecture was born as it was in all of the order fields. This was a tendency that was not detailed and did not use the specific concepts and terms of architecture, but whit the specific direction. From this perspective, it can be said that the role of the administration in determining in the arrival of modern architecture to Turkey was significant. Emergence of modernism and it's encounter with nationalism in Turkish architecture has been a result of intellectual flows in political and social arenas in a way that the influence of modernism in Turkey began with introducing a plan know as Tanzimat with the aim of renewing and updating governmental aspects . With changing Ottoman governmental entities and replacement of republic system under the leadership of Attaturk , there was a focus on historical authority of Ottoman Impire besides starting fundamental reforms in political and social affairs of Turkey . It seems that this encounter in fact intended to satisfy public regarding the presence of modernism and keeping the public past values a live. This article seeks to study the bases of national identity crisis and encounter with western modernism in Turkish social and political situations in order to investigate the grounds of penetration of western modernistic thoughts in to Ottoman Impire. Then efforts by Turkish government in order to create an interaction between nationalists and modernism advocates are introduced. In order to study the manner of interaction between modernism and nationalistic trends in Turkish architecture, a brief review on Turkish architectural nationalism was conducted from the historical view point.Finally the intellectual trends of Turkish contemporary architecture from 1920-1950 are examined and the quality of interaction between the emergence of modernism and the appearance of national architectural movements are concluded. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Interpretation Of Architecture By Post-modern Foundation with Semiotics Aspect
Seyed Mostafa Mokhtabad-Amrei Amirmasoud DabaghThis essay is considered an attempt to present how "semiotic studies can be used as a perceptional aspect of interpretation of postmodern movement in reading architecture. Semiotics is the philosophical and scientific study of semiosis: the relation of signi MoreThis essay is considered an attempt to present how "semiotic studies can be used as a perceptional aspect of interpretation of postmodern movement in reading architecture. Semiotics is the philosophical and scientific study of semiosis: the relation of signification with sign, mind and object or more generally, the creation of meaning; But they both refer respectively to the theories of "Saussure" and "Peirce". According Saussure`s idea, the sign consists of two parts: a signified which is a concept, and a signifier which is a mental pattern of a sound or image. He has believed that the relationship between the signifier and signified is arbitrary. They are both whole cognitive and provide no form of external reference. "Peirce" claims that each sign consists of three inter-related parts: object, interpretation, representation. In postmodern textual point of view, every perception of text, exchanges to a new object. Actually the thought of post-structuralism such as postmodernism, uses different perspectives to create a multifaceted interpretation of a text, even if these interpretations conflict with one another. It is particularly important to analyze how the meanings of a text shift in relation to certain variables, usually involving the identity of the reader. Derrida believed that the absence of the transcendental signified extends the domain and the play of signification infinitely. Derrida’s alternate strategy was to de-center the text thereby increasing play and opening up the exploration of meaning. We are dealing here an approach of architecture and postmodern thought within field of semiotics. This is a shadowy zone closely linked to human nature in which we will have to convey descriptive sensations of what remain to be still discovered or analyzed. In every perception of architecture lies a vision which connects us to the signified. Because we have all our inner images, and due to human beings rising in different cultures, we live our own personal different resonances. The architecture includes some messages in its. In semiotics, a code is a set of convention or sub-codes currently in use to communicate meaning. To that extent, codes represent a broad interpretative framework used by both addressers and their addressees to encode and decode the messages. The appreciation or analysis of architecture and it`s spatial configuration is always seen between cognition, culture, knowledge and society. The appreciation, due to abstract representational configurations and geometrical pattern remain to be deciphering with great attention and care with structured distinguish of subjective/objective interpretations and reactive flexible meaning of perception’s consideration. The architecture has been consisted of different layers of meaning such as a text. These layers would make different meanings and sense for project to be appear in the deepest plan. The spectator, according to his mysterious understanding, unveils the messages in layers of the text and also try to make interpret of it .We can divide all layers of the plan in two main groups: (a) corporal layers (b) supra corporal layers. The author`s messages at the plan and in the texture of the plan which is contained with codes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - An Analyse of Interaction Between Culture and Urban Configration (Case study: Isfahan- Safavid)
Fereshteh Habib In the last three decades, throughout the scientific domain, effective efforts have been done in order to generalize the spread information of the modern information system. Most of the thinkers and pioneer universities aim to separa More In the last three decades, throughout the scientific domain, effective efforts have been done in order to generalize the spread information of the modern information system. Most of the thinkers and pioneer universities aim to separate the sciences from the epistemological isolation. Since different sciences are mostly involved in their own relations rather than the reception of the realities, most of the partisans of the traditional and modern municipal services, discuss about this phenomena as an ancient institutional wisdom. Beyond these two variable analyses, there are also different points of views which consider this phenomenon neither as a retrograde route nor a passive and null path. Based on the recent intellectual, philosophic and scientific revolutions, urbanism has confronted with fundamental reforms. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of Iranian culture in the skeletal embodiment, Isfahan-Safavid-(1535-1778) and the key role of cultural components in urban body formation. Urbanist language of Isfahan old city- Naghsh e Jahan- like any other art language has a great role in transferring the cultural messages of its epoch. Certainly, the objective of this study is learning from the past for future and not idealization of a passed period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - A New Approach to Manifestations of Globalization in Megalopolises in South countries
Mehrdad Navabakhsh rasoul maleki nezamabad Mohammad taqi Masoumi For thousands of years cities have been centers for a variety of thoughts, cultures, human beings' social interactions, and places for development of urbanism. Although when human beings came into existence, most of them started living and working in villages, se More For thousands of years cities have been centers for a variety of thoughts, cultures, human beings' social interactions, and places for development of urbanism. Although when human beings came into existence, most of them started living and working in villages, settlements, towns and communities, but in year 2000 and especially in the later decades of the 20th century, two important events were urbanism and global cities appearance. Meanwhile metropolises in south countries with a first world city inside them have an objective and wide entity and are affected by global agents These days, each city in the First World and industrialized countries has a Third World town inside. These Third World-oriented towns face problems such as unemployment, environment, malnutrition, starvation, diseases, children death and child labor. On the contrary, each Third World city has a First-World Town inside which enjoys high-tech communications and facilities. This reveals contradictions, challenges and great gaps which cities are involved. In this research we try to study political, economical, social and cultural effects of globalization on metropolises cities in south countries in different dimensions and through comparative study and use of developed countries' experience to make suitable solutions in developing countries' urban planning and ordering. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Architecture and Identity-Explanation of the Meaning of Identity in Pre-Modern, Modern and Post- Modern Eras
Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad Mohammadreza Bemanian Neda KhaksarArchitectural identity is one of the broadest and the most controversial issues in contemporary architecture which raises many challenges in Iran as well as other countries through all parts of the world. The necessity of building an architecture regarding to its substa MoreArchitectural identity is one of the broadest and the most controversial issues in contemporary architecture which raises many challenges in Iran as well as other countries through all parts of the world. The necessity of building an architecture regarding to its substantial identity is one of the most important challenges in contemporary Iranian architecture. Efforts in moving toward architecture with substantial identity are one of the main responses to human spiritual needs alongside all material ones. The necessity of this issue is highlighted in rules, general acts and formal bills of Iranian authorities; especially in developmental plans. At the first and the second developmental plans, the necessity of an indigenous approach toward vernacular architecture has been emphasized, as well as the importance of Islamic-Iranian identity in contemporary constructions. Also in the third and the fourth development plans, the importance of Islamic-Iranian identity has become explicit as an article in the text of the plans. In the fifth development plan, the Islamic-Iranian identity has been stood as the first priority of the plan commitments. Due to the fact that architecture is the incarnation of visions and ideologies, it has been tried to study in this paper the meaning of identity in pre-modern, modern and post-modern eras in order to find some useful guidelines for contemporary architecture of Iran. For achieving this goal and studying on the evolutional meaning of identity in these three eras, lexical meaning of identity in dictionaries and encyclopedias have been studied in the first phase. Then the opinions of the world influential architectural reflections regarding to identity issue have been studied and presented. Finally the way that these ideas and visions incarnate in architecture in three periods has been analyzed. Finally on the basis of the theoretical framework, the meaning of identity in the field of architecture in the pre-modern, modern and post–modern eras was explained. Interpretive-historical research method has been adopted as the basis of inference mechanism, which supported by analytic-comparative tactics. As the result of this study shows, the meaning of architectural identity is different in pre-modern and post-modern eras, though at first it seems that they might be considered the same as each other. In modern age, although industrial development formed a turning point in the process of history, modern architecture lay at distance from some essential values such as social, cultural and mental values because of their rational visions. Consequently modern architectural spaces were not desirable and eligible ones and validity of them had been reduced. The results of this paper reveal that there is a meaningful collaboration between ideology of the architectural styles and characteristics of the building which has constructed in pre-modern, modern and post –modern eras. For achievement to architectural identity, architecture should become a collaborative work that crosses different boundaries which can be classified into environmental factors, function of architecture and meaning in architecture. The perspective should aim to achieve essence of identity and to find an interaction between innovation and authenticity which leads to consistency through diversity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Architecture Aspect of Arise from Emmanuel Levinas' Philosophy Compared to Modern and Postmodern Architecture
Aliasghar Malekafzali Nahid AminiSoudkolaei -
Open Access Article
24 - Determining the Influential Components on the Continuity of 'Iranian Architectural Identity' during the first Pahlavi Era (Case Study: The Selected Buildings in Tehran)
Majid Riyahizadeh Mohammad Mansour Falamaki Mohammadreza Pourzargar -
Open Access Article
25 - Exploring the Intersection of Tradition and Innovation in Pahlavi II Architecture: A Case Study of Pahlavi II Period Buildings in Sanandaj and Analysis of Added and Removed Elements in Comparison to Traditional Period
khaled Azizzadeh Lida Balilan Salahedin MolanaeiABSTRACT: This article presents a case study exploring the intersection of tradition and innovation in Pahlavi II architecture, with a focus on Pahlavi II period buildings in Sanandaj. The research investigates the incorporation of traditional elements and the introduct MoreABSTRACT: This article presents a case study exploring the intersection of tradition and innovation in Pahlavi II architecture, with a focus on Pahlavi II period buildings in Sanandaj. The research investigates the incorporation of traditional elements and the introduction of innovative design approaches during this architectural period. By analyzing the added and removed elements in comparison to the traditional period, the study seeks to identify the key factors influencing the transformation of architectural features. The research methodology involves site visits, interviews with architectural experts and local residents, and archival research to gather data on the architectural design choices and motivations. The findings reveal a harmonious integration of traditional and innovative elements in Pahlavi II buildings in Sanandaj. The analysis of added and removed elements sheds light on the dynamic nature of architectural evolution, providing insights into the influence of cultural and historical factors on design decisions. The study highlights the importance of preserving cultural heritage while embracing innovation and modernity in architectural design. It also emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to design that takes into account social, cultural, and environmental factors. Overall, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between tradition and innovation in Pahlavi II architecture and its impact on built environments. The research provides valuable insights for architects, designers, and policymakers seeking to create sustainable and culturally sensitive built environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Modern Architecture in Nigeria and It’s Trends in Historical Buildings (Failure of modernist in Conservation andRestoration of Historical Buildings)
Bilyaminu Musa -
Open Access Article
27 - Studying the Effect of Schools Environment Architecture on Students Identity Formation in Iran High Schools
Mohammad Kazemi Laleh Nazari -
Open Access Article
28 - Endogenous Development; an Alternative for De-escalation of Identity Crisis among Iranian Women and Their Houses
Masoomeh Yaghoobi Sangherchi Seyed Gholamreza Islami -
Open Access Article
29 - Development of the concept of self-defence in line with national interests against modern terrorism from the perspective of international law
ehsan sadeghipoor Mahmoud Ganj Bakhsh Kourosh JafarpourThe evolution in the nature and form of international threats in the current century is due to the process of globalization, and terrorism has become transnational and international in response to these changes, which usually occurs with the organization and use of new MoreThe evolution in the nature and form of international threats in the current century is due to the process of globalization, and terrorism has become transnational and international in response to these changes, which usually occurs with the organization and use of new technologies.Thus, these characteristics have added to the difficulty of fighting and preventing it. Arguably, self-defence against non-state actors is at least sometimes legal. But in terms of the emergence of new types of terrorism such as water terrorism, international jihadism, cyber terrorism, and finally the acquisition of dangerous radioactive, chemical, and biological weapons by terrorists which suddenly endangers international peace and security, This issue is raised, considering the coordinates of modern terrorism, what is the position of reference to preemptive and preventive attack in international law? This research examines the proposed legal theories and arguments with a descriptive analytical method and tests the hypothesis that governments have the right to resort to self-defence by using military forces if they are exposed to an armed attack. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Genealogy and the Strategies of the Innovation Discourse in Islamic Law
Hossein jalaliThe effects of widespread social changes in private and social lives of human beings made it more and more necessary to reform the laws in accordance with these changes. These reforms are presented in the form of innovation discourse in Islamic law. Accordingly, the pre MoreThe effects of widespread social changes in private and social lives of human beings made it more and more necessary to reform the laws in accordance with these changes. These reforms are presented in the form of innovation discourse in Islamic law. Accordingly, the present research was carried out for genealogy and to present the strategies of the innovation discourse in Islamic law by Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory. The research results showed that the innovation discourse in Islamic law dismisses some signifiers of both philosophical and theological discourses and legal discourse in modernity, breaks down their structure, and uses some of their signifiers in a new structure. The signifiers of this discourse, simultaneous attention to the changing and fixed areas of law, promotion of attraction and effectiveness of law, the requirements of national and international society, the priority of subject scholarship to discovering the sentence, innovation while preserving the bases of Islamic law, and considering rational, consensual, and traditional sources are pivotal factors alongside text. A search in genealogy of different Islamic sciences including speech, principles, and the philosophy of jurisprudence proves them to be some abundant capital which in turn shows the necessity of paying attention to time and place conditions and legal innovations. Genealogical stages, understanding the environment with respect to the economy of power, passing through obstacles and challenges, paying attention to innovation sources, preparation, putting sources together, developing an efficient law, performance, the feedback of ... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Postmodernism in the International Relations
Alireza Azghandi Mohsen MahmoudiPostmodernists in the arena of International Relations maintain that it is possible to ventureinto the field and view its subjects and principles in different ways. From their point of view,the basic concepts of classical IR theories have collapsed and loosen their cert MorePostmodernists in the arena of International Relations maintain that it is possible to ventureinto the field and view its subjects and principles in different ways. From their point of view,the basic concepts of classical IR theories have collapsed and loosen their certainty and universality.In this new approach, what has previously been in the foreground can be marginalizedand the issues which have been downgraded marginal can be brought to the mainstreamof international studies. The main target of postmodernists like Der Derian, Ashley, Diutakand others is to problematize and eliminate those assumptions of IR theory. Which claim todemonstrate the reality at international level and recognize it through positivist methods. Thisarticle is divided into four sections: the first deals with the relationship between power andknowledge in the context of IR; the second discusses a summary of textual strategies appliedin postmodern approaches to international relations; the third section shows how postmodernismin related to the state, and the forth section briefly explains the ethical orientation ofpostmodernism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Analyzing the ingredients of the disability and weakness of social classes in the first Pahlavi period
Edris beheshtineaThis article is going to indicate that the creation of modern state in Iran at the time of first Pahlavi king in relation with political structure and social and economic modernization in one hand, the extension of subordination culture because of the talitarian Pahlavi MoreThis article is going to indicate that the creation of modern state in Iran at the time of first Pahlavi king in relation with political structure and social and economic modernization in one hand, the extension of subordination culture because of the talitarian Pahlavi’s strategies on the other hand, and the function of these elements in reproducing each other as major limitations for creating a relation between state and social classes prevented the formation of an effective social class in this period of history. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The relation study between Free Float with Downside Risk and Liquidity on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)
فروغ رستمیان المیرا اسلامی برجلوThe risk of investing in financial market is one of the investors' major concerns, asmarket participants, confronting any kind of bonds will ask about the risk level. on theother hand, liquidity as an effective element in risking rate and return is considerablyimportant MoreThe risk of investing in financial market is one of the investors' major concerns, asmarket participants, confronting any kind of bonds will ask about the risk level. on theother hand, liquidity as an effective element in risking rate and return is considerablyimportant on the stock exchange. Avoiding risk gets investors look for lower riskstocks with high liquidity to provide more financial security. According to studies andresearches, it sees that free float stocks rate can affect on liquidity and stocks risk.Therefore, regarding free float and their changes can be efficient in analyzing marketconditions and help investors make better decisions.The research is tried to study the relationship between Free Float with DownsideRisk and Liquidity on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE).Considering the years 2004 to 2008, we had 233 companies to test theories. Weused Eviews and SPSS softwares to deal with the relationship between variablesduring 16 quarterly terms.The results confirm the significant relationship between Downside Risk andLiquidity with Free Float. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Optimal Portfolio of Syndicated Loans with Downside Risk Approach
hossein rezaei Mohammad Oghbaei JazaniIn the bank-based structure of the country's economy, banks are most responsible for financing, especially at the level of large projects. The purpose of repaying a loan through a syndicated mechanism is to reduce the undesirable risk and increase the effective loan rat MoreIn the bank-based structure of the country's economy, banks are most responsible for financing, especially at the level of large projects. The purpose of repaying a loan through a syndicated mechanism is to reduce the undesirable risk and increase the effective loan rate. The statistical population of this study is the balance sheet information of the last five years (1396-1400) of banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this research, the postmodern theory of portfolio based on variance of unfavorable data or half-variance-half-covariance has been used. To test the research hypothesis with the help of MATLAB software, the contact point of the efficient boundary of the model and the capital market line at different interest rates has been calculated and the optimal portfolio of syndicated loans has been determined. The results show; The payment of syndicated loans in the form of civil partnership and Mudaraba contracts has the highest interest and the lowest risk, and in contrast, forged loan agreements and installment sales have the lowest interest and the highest risk Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Popular beliefs in sustainable rural development
Sahar Ghaffari Mehrdad Navabakhsh Faizullah NowroziThe process of modernization enables the development of rural communities as the basis of popular beliefs when these communities are exposed to external forces. It is important to pay attention to beliefs as folk or superstitions.In this way, with a critical approach to MoreThe process of modernization enables the development of rural communities as the basis of popular beliefs when these communities are exposed to external forces. It is important to pay attention to beliefs as folk or superstitions.In this way, with a critical approach to classical modernization researches, the effect of popular beliefs in sustainable rural development is explained. In the ideas of the thinkers of the modernization school, a kind of consensus can be seen in the division of developed and underdeveloped societies. which originates from the viewpoints of "evolutionism" and "functionalism". In the theoretical framework of the current research, we benefit from Durkheim's theory of social division of labor - with a different view in contrast to the general principles of the modernization school in expressing the obstacles to development. The approach of this qualitative research, the method of gathering information in it, is documentary, as well as the technique used, content analysis. The studies conducted in the villages of South Khorasan province are about the meaningful relationship between popular beliefs and sustainable rural development. informs In general, it can be concluded that the division of societies in Durkheim's theory into mechanical and organic correlation shows the course of movement of societies and not necessarily the backwardness of primitive societies in the sense of an obstacle in the direction of reaching any type of development; As the approaches of the modernization version propose from the social point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Individualism as a Modern Social Anarchy
Mehrdad Navabakhsh -
Open Access Article
37 - Discourse Analysis of Iranian Intellectuals about Law on the Edge of Constitutional Revolution (Study of Mirza Malcom Khan and Mostashar al-Dowleh)
Aso Javaheri Masoud Golchin -
Open Access Article
38 - Ethnic Factors and Sustainable Development in Iranian Kurdistan
Adel Abdollahi Mehdi Mokhtarpour -
Open Access Article
39 - Socio-Cultural and Behavioral Changes as an Impact of Transformation of Kitchen (A Study in Kelardasht Town in Iran)
Mohammad Hadi Mansour Lakoorej John S. Gaikwad Nafiseh Norouzi -
Open Access Article
40 - Sociological Analysis of Impressments of Modern Factors on Religious Values in Rural Kurdistan
Rashid Ahmadrash -
Open Access Article
41 - Spreading Modern Rationality and forming the New Patterns of Family; a Study of Cohabitation Style in Tehran
Amirmasoud Amirmazaheri Leila Shiri Gheydari Mahshid Shahidi -
Open Access Article
42 - Kurdistan between Modernism and Tradition (Case of Study: Mukerian)
Rashid Ahmadrash -
Open Access Article
43 - Presenting an Affective Model of Identity in Urban Space (Case of Study: Neighborhoods of Tehran in 2018-2019)
Farnaz Farhadian Mehrdad Navabakhsh Soroush Fathi -
Open Access Article
44 - Intergenerational Gap: An Emerging Phenomenon in Iran
Zohreh Najafiasl -
Open Access Article
45 - The Study of Social Factors Affecting on Changes in Life Style of Villagers during the Last four Decades (Case of Study: Villagers of Khalkhal)
Mahin Maleki Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi Majid Kashani -
Open Access Article
46 - The Study of the Virtual Educational Systems Effect on Learning Process
Reza Sourani Yancheshmeh -
Open Access Article
47 - People's Participation: Determining Some Socio-cultural factors (Study among the Citizens of Tabriz)
Mahmoud Elmi -
Open Access Article
48 - Public sphere and intellectual discourses in Iran
Jean Michel Coget Mehrdad Navabakhsh Maryam Yarmohammad Touski -
Open Access Article
49 - The relationship between heresy and religious and jurisprudential modernism
ali honarmand seyyed abolqasem naqibi Seyed Mohammad Sadegh mousaviHeresy means introducing what is not from religion into the realm of religion, it is considered undesirable and forbidden. On the other hand, because people have intellect, authority, creativity, to improve the quality of life, always have better ideas, tools and method MoreHeresy means introducing what is not from religion into the realm of religion, it is considered undesirable and forbidden. On the other hand, because people have intellect, authority, creativity, to improve the quality of life, always have better ideas, tools and methods to meet the needs. They enter social and economic life, and as a result, the requirements of the social and living environment change in each age and time, and the ideas, customs and traditions of the believers and the lifestyle of the believers are also affected by these changes. It penetrates into religious traditions and mixes religious traditions with heresies. Hence, in the history of Islam, Muslims have been faced with the requirements of the age and time with caution and sensitivity.For example, some Kharijites were of the opinion that one should adhere to the religiosity of the prophetic age, and any difference with that religiosity is considered heresy. Also, some Salafis considered the beliefs and traditions of the first three centuries as religious beliefs and traditions and fought against any new thing. Truth gives originality to new ideas and insights by linking new religious knowledge with religious teachings and teachings, so religious and jurisprudential modern thinking and its results can not be considered heresy.In this article, by gathering information with library tools and using descriptive and analytical research methods, the boundaries of heresy from religious and jurisprudential modernism have been obtained, and only those categories of heresies that contradict the indisputable religious teachings of the Islamic Ummah are heresies. It is counted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Management Accounting Ontology in the Context of Postmodernity (Performativity, Actant-Network and Applications)
feriydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Babak Nejad ToolamiIn the functionalism paradigm, management accounting is as a neutral instrument and symbolic device addressing fair representation and ontology derived from such a paradigm is the separation of facts from accounting practices. In the new paradigms originated from postmo MoreIn the functionalism paradigm, management accounting is as a neutral instrument and symbolic device addressing fair representation and ontology derived from such a paradigm is the separation of facts from accounting practices. In the new paradigms originated from postmodernity, we achieve a performative approach under which accounting accepts the roles of making territory, mediatory, judgment and making up mind for the audience by creating cognitive boundaries that make room for social practices in economic and financial theory. In this regard, based on actant-network theory, management accounting is an actant in interaction with other actants in interconnected networks of individuals, organizations and markets that can cause changes in other actants and creative performativity can be a field for penetration and intervention, so political calculations can become manifest to persuasive arguments in management accounting ontology. In this paper, regarding a research based on philosophical, sociological and economic analysis, management accounting ontology is addressed emphasizing on performativity and actant-network theory and its three applications in the field of social responsibility, professionalism and accountability are also mentioned. The results show that Management accounting finds identity in network intelligent processes and in real networks cannot ignore the major role of virtual and position inevitable elements of “power and ideology”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Role of Management Accounting in prevention of become proletariat of Accounting Profession (The Modernism Heroes of Accounting Profession )
Ferydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Afshin Ahmadi LouyehMarx and Engels in the book of Communist party Manifest introduces two range of capitalist societies, and for the first time, defines the concept of the proletariat and bourgeois. the proletariat in the literature of policy defined as Community worker stratum that perfo MoreMarx and Engels in the book of Communist party Manifest introduces two range of capitalist societies, and for the first time, defines the concept of the proletariat and bourgeois. the proletariat in the literature of policy defined as Community worker stratum that performed commands eae ega af fo and does not use specialized and skills in their work . Management accounting was in the past under the influence and over interference of the managers, and non-expert comments of managers was imposed to management accountants , and managers was not interest to point view of management accountants. Hence in the past time , Management Accountants were the proletariat. With the passage of time and changes in management accounting ٬ managers gone found that Management Accountants are invaluable. Hence the managers using in the current time of the management accountants comments in the guidance and control of business ٬ and as partner of decisions and value creation people . Results of the present study indicates ٬ at the current time ٬ management accountants are not proletariat, and in performing their duties more emphasis on expertise and skill . management accountants at the current time providing strategy and create the highest level of knowledge (wisdom ) for management and they will assist in deciding. Administrators also recognized management accountants status and not interfere in the work management accountants . Including benefits and positive implications of not proletariat of management accountant for accounting professional in the present age, the professional independence and increase the attractiveness and science face of accounting . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - The Effects of Firm Culture on the Adoption and Implementation of Modern Management Accounting Practices in Manufacturing Firms
mohammad nazaripoor babak zakizadehThe firm culture expresses the way people feel about the work they do, organizational values and the vision of the firm. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the effects of firm culture on the adoption and implementation of modern management accounting practi MoreThe firm culture expresses the way people feel about the work they do, organizational values and the vision of the firm. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the effects of firm culture on the adoption and implementation of modern management accounting practices in manufacturing firms. This study is practical in nature and is considered as a descriptive-exploratory in terms of data collection method. The required data collected through the distribution of questionnaires among management/cost accountants of 97 manufacturing firms. Multiple regression has been used to analyze the research data. The dimensions of firm culture used in this research are: innovation culture, people orientation culture, team-based culture, attention to details culture, stability culture, outcome orientation culture and aggressive culture. There were 15 modern management accounting practices used in this research. According to the research findings, four cultures of innovation, team-based, attention to details and aggressive have a positive and significant effect on the adoption and implementation of modern management accounting practices. In contrast, the three cultures of people orientation, stability, and outcome orientation do not have a significant effect on the adoption and implementation of modern management accounting practices. In general, firm culture can improve the performance of manufacturing firms by providing the necessary requirements for adoption and implementation of the modern management accounting practices Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The effect of management accounting teaching by role-playing simulation on students' learning and retention
vahideh tabibirad zahra dianati reza gholami Reza Gholami Jamkarani Hossein AbbasianIn recent years, a significant number of Scientific and professional accounting authorities (such as IFAC, CPA, ICAA, AECC) have called for the development of a wide range of skills in accounting graduates and the diversification of a holistic approach to teaching MoreIn recent years, a significant number of Scientific and professional accounting authorities (such as IFAC, CPA, ICAA, AECC) have called for the development of a wide range of skills in accounting graduates and the diversification of a holistic approach to teaching. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of simulation teaching l approach through role-playing as a comprehensive teaching method on students' learning and retention, while teaching concepts related to decision making in management accounting. The population of the present study includes all students (undergraduate) of Management Accounting of Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch in the academic year of 2020-2021 and the samples include two management accounting groups of 60 students (31 in the experimental group and 29 in the control group). The two groups are taught by a single teacher. Findings indicate that students in the experimental group learn and remember better than the control group. Also, the results of a survey of students (through a questionnaire) at the end of the course showed an increase in motivation and effectiveness of this teaching l method in strengthening their verbal and communication skills and better learning the basic concepts of management accounting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Investigating the effect of internalized cultural capital on the tendency towards modernism in the youth of Khorramabad
farhad Tahmasebi naderi مجید kk علی دلاورAbstract:The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of internalized (embodied) cultural capital with four components of "activism, rationalism, universalism and convergence" on the tendency towards modernism among young people. Young people turn to mode MoreAbstract:The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of internalized (embodied) cultural capital with four components of "activism, rationalism, universalism and convergence" on the tendency towards modernism among young people. Young people turn to modernism in the four variables of religion, family, leisure, and sources of mass communication. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive, descriptive, explanatory and survey data collection. The statistical population includes all young people of 54 thousand people who were selected as a sample using Morgan and Krejcie table and 773 people were selected from the statistical population using purposive non-probabilistic sampling method. The research tool included a researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Matlab software and the research hypotheses were analyzed using a fuzzy method. The results showed that, firstly, "with each of the four components, the internalized cultural capital increases. Cultural, internalized, trend-oriented, modernism is effective among the youth of Shah Khorramabad in the four variables of religion, family, leisure and mass communication resources, and the higher the rate, the greater the tendency. Keywords: Internalized Cultural Capital, Generalism, Activism, Rationalism and Modernism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Modernism in Forough & Shamlou’s Poems
Mohammadreza Tajik Farzaneh AhadzadehNaminiPreface and the goal of research: Modernism has become the dominant methodology of art for few decades. It is characterized as the aesthetic and cultural reaction against modernity and modernization. Its prominent trait, either in poetry and roman, or cinema and paintin MorePreface and the goal of research: Modernism has become the dominant methodology of art for few decades. It is characterized as the aesthetic and cultural reaction against modernity and modernization. Its prominent trait, either in poetry and roman, or cinema and painting, is the rational Philosophy and thinking. This research tries its goal on two sections: First, the theoretical fund of the thesis, that responds to the questions like what the modernism is, what is the literary modernism, and which characteristics would be searched in a modern work? In the second section the goal is to confirm that the poems of Forough and Shamlou are modernistic according to modernism theories. On the other hand these two poetries are compared from the view point of modernistic criteria. Method of research: The research is done by method of content analysis, respecting Rene Wallek’s theories on the book “Literary theory”, Peter Childs’book “Modernism”, and Marshal Berman’s book Experience of Modernity. The research examines Some Poems of Forough and Shamlou from the view of modernistic content and form by categorical and contextual analysis , and through these works studies the poet’s reaction and concerns as a social discourse of modernism. Findings and Results: The findings approve that modern criteria are prominent at the two poet’s works like deep thoughts individualism, deep introversion, social fall, symbol, metaphor etc…and according to these characteristics, we can name them as modern poetries. Comparing these two poems from the view of modernism, regarding some modern principles the result would be that, as of characteristics such as individualism, introspection, self-reflection, and skepticism, Forough’s poetry is closer to modernism. Both poets are strongly social commited , and finally none is philosophical thinking, However most of their poems are based on deep thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Comparison of traditional culture and modern culture in Bushehr management solutions
Fatemeh Pooladi Bahram DelgoshaeiObjective: Considering that Bushehr is one of the most important provinces enjoying a rich and original culture, experiencing cultural and trade interactions with many countries in the past ; what impacts has the resultant culture had on the host culture and the social MoreObjective: Considering that Bushehr is one of the most important provinces enjoying a rich and original culture, experiencing cultural and trade interactions with many countries in the past ; what impacts has the resultant culture had on the host culture and the social interactions in this city? What are the main factors of the existing heterogeneity between modern and traditional elements and what similarities are there among these elements?Methodology: The above questions have been testified using a comparative approach and secondary data analysis. Investigating the questions is saying that: this research has been accomplished using both library and field approaches. The library approach encompasses gathering data from the resources being previously performed. The field approach on the other hand is comprised of performing interviews and obtaining data from native and non-native people’s culture and beliefs in Bushehr. The traditional culture has devoted to itself about %40 of the peoples’ culture and beliefs and a little share of the previous culture, and the modern culture about %60 and has been influenced by the present generation and the youth at a meaningfully high level, which has been increased as compared to the past and of course can be investigated by offering management solutions.Findings: Our findings in this research is defined as a set of native and non-native people’s culture and beliefs, cultural objects or anything that has at list one cultural specification in common and the researcher is interested in generalizing the research findings to them.Results:According to the findings of the present study, lots of words and traditions which have been imported and adopted from African countries, Zanzibar and India, have still remained as parts of Bushehri culture, while lots of them have been vanished, forgotten, or thoroughly weakened. Hence, institutions like The Research Center Of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts And Tourism Organization, other related corporations and free researchers, should investigate and identify these elements, register them as conceptual heritage, also preserve and retain them Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The Necessity of Utilizing the Managerial Model “SWOT” to Cultural Challenges of Tradition & Modernity in Iran
دکترسیدرضا صالحی امیری رامین مسعودیThis research states the relation between cultural factors of Tradition andModernity in dealing with challenges between these paradigms,since Modernity hascome into Iran.It is also stated different approaches for this challenge.However,theapproach”Managerial Cultu MoreThis research states the relation between cultural factors of Tradition andModernity in dealing with challenges between these paradigms,since Modernity hascome into Iran.It is also stated different approaches for this challenge.However,theapproach”Managerial Cultural Interaction” is introduced by means of the strategicmodel”SWOT”.Finally,the purposes,Theoretical framework,questions and hypothesesare indicated.The findings revealed:”Iranian Traditional Challenge is concerned withModernity”.There is also a positive significant relationship between IranianTraditional features and Modernity in their mutual challenge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Spirituality in Crisis & the Massage of Islamic Mystics to Modern Human Beings (Based on the Viewpoints of Molavi & Hafez)
دکتر ناصر مهدویResearches done today are mostly based on the fact that spirituality in modernsocieties is in Crisis. These researches initially discuss modern human being thenstudy the changes made in Modernism period, its impact on the society (modernhuman's way of thinking about the MoreResearches done today are mostly based on the fact that spirituality in modernsocieties is in Crisis. These researches initially discuss modern human being thenstudy the changes made in Modernism period, its impact on the society (modernhuman's way of thinking about the world and their specifications) and the source ofcrisis in this period and the dimensions of crisis in the modern human being.Following the foresaid studies come the studies about Islamic societies and Muslim'sspirituality which is done based on the massages of Islamic mystics such as Molaviand Hafez. Through their point of view, new studies have tried to define how aspiritual society should be and what influences this kind of society would have onhuman's life. Finally, the researcher comes to the conclusion that human must returntoward spirituality and he must also change his point of view about God and the worldin order to emancipate from all the mental and spiritual emptiness and distraught. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Evaluate the capabilities of information and communication technology for social development - Cultural Village (Case Study Azarbaidjan)
Abolfazl Samadian Rahim ModabberiIntroduction: Socio- cultural development is cared by social scientists almost in1980s and after a failure in economic and industrialdevelopment theories.Researches showed despite popular idea of those days satisfaction of life andwelfare doesn’t essentially happe MoreIntroduction: Socio- cultural development is cared by social scientists almost in1980s and after a failure in economic and industrialdevelopment theories.Researches showed despite popular idea of those days satisfaction of life andwelfare doesn’t essentially happen as a result of economic and industrial development and societies can increase their social welfare without improving economicdevelopment or even in a condition that economy is getting poorer.at the otherhand social welfare can decrease while economy is improving.Methods: A LOT OF factors effect socio – cultural development.one of the mostimportant of them is information and communication technology . information andcommunication technologies hn culuding computer, internet, radio, tv, video, phone,mobile, and dish have a lot of potentialities for effecting socio – culturaldevelopment and its important indexes.Conclusion: the result of statistic analyzing with spss soft ware using pearsonscorrelation coefficient , kendalls correlation coefficient, goodmans correlationcoefficient kruskal wallis test and man whitney test showed that information andcommunication technologies increase level of public information, modernism, andnon –ethical using (of these technologies)and decreases fatalism and trust. At theother hand information and communication technologies have no effect on socialexclusion , participation , globalization and enterprise. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Human Identity Particularly Woman in Post-Post Modernism
دکتر مرضیه رضایی کلانتریIn the article, the research has first studied the process of changes of Pre-Modernism (1000-1450), Modernism (1450-1960), Post Modernism (1960-1989) andPost-Post Modernism (early 1990s until now) periods and has then dealt with theposition of human identity, especially MoreIn the article, the research has first studied the process of changes of Pre-Modernism (1000-1450), Modernism (1450-1960), Post Modernism (1960-1989) andPost-Post Modernism (early 1990s until now) periods and has then dealt with theposition of human identity, especially woman, by special consideration of aspect ofeconomy, management, culture, music and information society and has determinedand analyzed the characteristics of each of them. Finally, all changes together withmain concepts have been provided in a table. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The Study of Iranian Government Cultural Policies on Guilan Folklore Music
Mostafa Feyzesabet S. Abdolhossein Mokhtabad Fatemeh BaratlouIntroduction and purpose: The main aim of this thesis is to study the effect and cause of Iranian Government cultural policy on Guilan Province's Folklore Music. This study addressed the following research question in mind the impact on the local music Guilan Cultural p MoreIntroduction and purpose: The main aim of this thesis is to study the effect and cause of Iranian Government cultural policy on Guilan Province's Folklore Music. This study addressed the following research question in mind the impact on the local music Guilan Cultural policy is? The answers to these questions, the objectives of this research are considered. Method: The method of this research is also multi-method, including some interviews with influentials people and also analysis of provided data. The population in this study, Cultural policy enforcement organizations in Guilan, Whose function is associated with the folk music of Guilan. Findings: The study shows several factors that had a deep effects on Guilan Local Music, including: cultural policy making, the modernization process in Iran, social and cultural changes, the arrival of broadcasting technologies specially Radio and TV, and the role of cultural managers. Also according to the results, The role of cultural policy in reducing the folk music of Guilan was approved Respectively Factors such as lack of adequate resources devoted to the folk music of Guilan, No need for a musical survey of youth people, Implementation of legislation in accordance with the intellectual property rights of artists, And lack of adequate funding for local groups Guilan have been identified. Conclusion: The writer at the end came to this conclusion that by revising the governmental policies towards folklore music, this dying heritage would be able to continue it's existence and be able to be a part of Iranian local and even national heritage and icon forever. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Study of Obstacles of Party System Forming in social Development Background and Iran Structure’s Political Culture Between Two Revolutions (Mashroteh to Islamic Revolution)
منوچهر ثابتی منصور وثوقی علیرضا محسنی تبریزیIn a specific sense, the party means a coherent and organized group, a social and political phenomenon, of the signs of civil society and the democratic system of the West, arising from the post-industrial revolution conditions, which has been adapted and imitated by ot MoreIn a specific sense, the party means a coherent and organized group, a social and political phenomenon, of the signs of civil society and the democratic system of the West, arising from the post-industrial revolution conditions, which has been adapted and imitated by other societies such as Iran. Although the constitutional revolution of the political parties was formed in Iran, however, with the advent of the Pahlavi regime, the establishment of democracy and the formation of the party system became a problem. The dominant political culture in the socio-political structure of Iran was the traditional political culture. The Pahlavi feudal discourse paid more attention to developmental, economic, industrial and urban development programs and did not pay attention to political development and parties. Traditional-political culture was the main cause of the emergence of rentier governments, political violence, and imperfect development, the continuation of the monarchy and the cycle of despotism. Together, these factors combined the formation of an interconnected network of continuity of traditional and consequential political culture, and an obstacle to the consolidation of democracy and the institutionalization of party activities and the formation of a party system in Iran. This research has been carried out using the Almond and Verbae and Huntington theories in a historical-documentary way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Cultural modernization and family values among high school students in Mazandaran
aboalghasem heidarabadi manochehr pahlavan amin varziRenovation and modernization can lead to changes in various fields, including material and immaterial values of the family. Therefore, the present study was aimed at the effect of cultural modernization on family values among high school students in Mazandaran. The rese MoreRenovation and modernization can lead to changes in various fields, including material and immaterial values of the family. Therefore, the present study was aimed at the effect of cultural modernization on family values among high school students in Mazandaran. The research method was survey and the required information was collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population includes high school students, which is 72500 people. The cluster sampling method is multi-stage and the sample size is 384 according to the Cochran formula.The findings show that the average of cultural modernization as well as the index of changes in the value of the family conductor is more than average and represents a near-modern attitude toward family values among students. There is a positive and direct correlation between the level of cultural modernization and family values. That is, the greater the cultural renewal, the increase in the value of the family increases and, conversely, the less the cultural modernization, the change in the value of the family decreases. It can also be seen that there is a positive and direct relationship between the five components of cultural modernization with the material values and the immaterial values of the family. The result is that development and modernization can change the values of Mazandaran's students and should seek to change the values of society in line with the culture of Iranian society in the direction of industrialization, development and social and cultural modernization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The relationship between mass media and family values (Case of study: 15-29 year old youth of Shahrekord)
omid babaei Farahnaz Mostafavi kangahi The family in Iran is one of the most important social institutions, which is rapidly changing andtransforming under the influence of several factors, including mass media. The present article tries to investigatethe significance of the relationship between mass m More The family in Iran is one of the most important social institutions, which is rapidly changing andtransforming under the influence of several factors, including mass media. The present article tries to investigatethe significance of the relationship between mass media and the family values of the youth and in this regard, todetermine whether the family values of the youth tend towards traditional values or modern values? Thetheoretical framework of the current research is a combination of planting theory, dependence theory,application and gratification theory. Using the survey method and a sample size equal to 382 people, thecollected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kramer's coefficient and regression equation. theresults show that family values Most of the young people (about 75%) tend towards modern values. Also, thecoefficient (beta) shows that the most effective in predicting the tendency of young people towards family valuesis related to their dependence on the media (beta=.192) and the least effective is related to the type of programsthey use (beta=.058). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Analyzing development from the perspective of Iranian elites with emphasis on macro models of development
Mostafa AlmasiDevelopment is one of the most important preoccupations of third world or post-colonial countries. Although Iran has never been under the control of a country as a complete colony, despite its colonial history and its effects, the category of development has been of gre MoreDevelopment is one of the most important preoccupations of third world or post-colonial countries. Although Iran has never been under the control of a country as a complete colony, despite its colonial history and its effects, the category of development has been of great interest to Iranian theorists and thinkers. The main goal of this research is to investigate and study political development from the point of view of Iranian elites. For this purpose, the macro development patterns of rejecting the three paradigms of modernization, dependence and world system were examined and then based on these three paradigms, the position of Iranian elites was studied in the framework of tradition and modernity. Data collection using documentary and library methods and descriptive and analytical research methods. The findings of the research showed that modernist thinkers in Iran are close to the modernization theory, while the ideas of traditional and religious elites are more related to the dependence paradigm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The Challenge of the Developmental States in Mobilizing Educated Forces
حمید سجادی ابراهیم متقیDeveloping countries’ priority in programs is given to training human resources. Higher education puts forward new demands and concerns and heightens the expectations of the educated people. Besides, the advancement of modern communication and information technolo MoreDeveloping countries’ priority in programs is given to training human resources. Higher education puts forward new demands and concerns and heightens the expectations of the educated people. Besides, the advancement of modern communication and information technologies accelerates this process. This process could result in a high potential for development; however, the strategy of states in the form of a step-by-step development in various fields has produced the adverse outcome for these countries. What would be the challenges before Developmental States in following a step-by-step development process concurrent with the promotion of education in the society? And how would the rise of new demands along with the objection of modern educated forces, who are focused on economic development, be understandable? Before answering this question, it must be clarified that the modern social forces, having different concerns from those of the planned steps of development, are recognized as the anti-development forces. The requirements of these growing classes of the society are not prioritized within the Development Plans of developing countries. Due to the lack of structural integration, these countries are deprived from utilizing the talents of these educated forces as the main source of development. Based on the necessity of solidarity and mobilization of social forces for development specifically the educated people, in this study we will analyze the Development Plans and by redefining development, we will try to identify the solidarity and balance required by the society for the realization of development as a strategy for fulfillment of development plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Sociological analysis and explanation of the effect of using cyberspace (Telegram and Instagram) on the trend of modern lifestyle of Shahriar girls (study among Shahriar high school female students)
mona ghasemishall Majid Radfar reza ali mohseniThe present study was conducted with the aim of sociological analysis and explanation of the impact of the use of cyberspace (Telegram and Instagram) on the trend of modern lifestyle has been done. The theoretical framework of this study was examined according to the th MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of sociological analysis and explanation of the impact of the use of cyberspace (Telegram and Instagram) on the trend of modern lifestyle has been done. The theoretical framework of this study was examined according to the theories of Giddens, Castells, Cheney, Bourdieu, McCombushaw, Amel and Simmel. In this research, the effect of cyberspace on the formation of modern lifestyle has been investigated. Formal validity (experts' agreement) was used to assess the validity of the questionnaire questions and Cronbach's alpha test was used to assess the reliability, the reliability of which was also confirmed with 0.80. After reviewing various topics and perspectives on the impact of cyberspace on the trend of modern lifestyle regarding the relationships between variables, 6 different hypotheses were proposed and tested. Data were collected through a questionnaire designed by the researcher and the necessary information was obtained through interviews with the statistical population. Our statistical sample in this study included 360 female high school students who were studying in Shahriar. In order to select the samples, in this research, simple two-stage cluster sampling method has been used. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the use of social networks and the tendency to modern lifestyle in terms of social behaviors, customs, body management, consumption pattern. In contrast, in this study it was found between social networks and adolescents' leisure There is no significant relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The Necessities and Accomplishments of Development Methodology
Ahmad Naghibzadeh Zaker Hossein Ershad -
Open Access Article
69 - The Challenge of Development-oriented Government in Mobilizing the Educated Force
Hamid Sajadi Ebrahim Mottaghi -
Open Access Article
70 - Sociological analysis of the generation gap of children and parents awaiting the role of each other in the urban family of Iran (Case study of Tehran)
Habibollah Karimian Mehrdad NavabakhshFamily is one of the social institutions where the roles and role expectations are of great importance. In Iranian urban families, members play significant roles in relation to each other, and the expectations of each member of the role played by the other is also worth MoreFamily is one of the social institutions where the roles and role expectations are of great importance. In Iranian urban families, members play significant roles in relation to each other, and the expectations of each member of the role played by the other is also worthy of consideration. The multiple, and often ultimately conflicting, roles of the parents on the one hand, and the transition of urban families from tradition to modernity, on the other, have pushed the expectations of the parents of their roles away from what their children expect of their parents. The present field study is cross-sectional, extensive and practical in nature. The instrument used is a researcher-made questionnaire to collect the required data from the interviewees. The research population were all the families living in the 22 municipality districts of Tehran (2,597,731 families based on the 2011 census). The results show a significant difference between the parents and their children in level of education and attitudes towards innovation, individualism, and the generation gap. There is also evidence for the effect of the family’s socio-economic status on creation of a generation gap. There is also the effect of the children’s educational level on the formation of the gap. Parents and their children also differ in their observance of religious traditions and rites including prayer and fasting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - The Effect of Modernization and Economic Growth on Passive Defense Policy Making
Abbas Mosallanezhad -
Open Access Article
72 - Effect of modernization on social changes in Ahwaz city
Alireza Torfi Mansour Haghighatian Ahmad Saeidi -
Open Access Article
73 - Cultural modernization and family values among high school students in Mazandaran
amin varzi, aboalghasem heidarabadi manochehr pahlavanRenovation and modernization can lead to changes in various fields, including material and immaterial values of the family. Therefore, the present study was aimed at the effect of cultural modernization on family values among high school students in Mazandaran. The rese MoreRenovation and modernization can lead to changes in various fields, including material and immaterial values of the family. Therefore, the present study was aimed at the effect of cultural modernization on family values among high school students in Mazandaran. The research method was survey and the required information was collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population includes high school students, which is 72500 people. The cluster sampling method is multi-stage and the sample size is 384 according to the Cochran formula. The findings show that the average of cultural modernization as well as the index of changes in the value of the family conductor is more than average and represents a near-modern attitude toward family values among students. There is a positive and direct correlation between the level of cultural modernization and family values. That is, the greater the cultural renewal, the increase in the value of the family increases and, conversely, the less the cultural modernization, the change in the value of the family decreases. It can also be seen that there is a positive and direct relationship between the five components of cultural modernization with the material values and the immaterial values of the family. The result is that development and modernization can change the values of Mazandaran's students and should seek to change the values of society in line with the culture of Iranian society in the direction of industrialization, development and social and cultural modernization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - The Study of the Beliefs among Literate Citizens in Ashtian City in terms of Urban Development
Mohammad Tahmasbi Ashtiani Ali Roshanaie -
Open Access Article
75 - A survey on Iranian families` modernism (a case study of Tehran city)
Reza Moeini Alie Shekarbagy -
Open Access Article
76 - Human Existence: Comparison Mulla Sadra’s Philosophical Account with Postmodernist one
دکتر عباس گوهری سید مهدی بیابانکیIt is, here, presented the two conceptions of human being which are incontrast with each other: postmodern conception of contemporaryhuman being is the first one and the other is the Mulla Sadra’sconception which is based on Islamic text. In postmodern conception, MoreIt is, here, presented the two conceptions of human being which are incontrast with each other: postmodern conception of contemporaryhuman being is the first one and the other is the Mulla Sadra’sconception which is based on Islamic text. In postmodern conception,human being is a spiritless body who is narcissistic charm andendeavors to accomplish his pleasures maximally. In the secondconception, man is a passenger who has an end and begins to journeyfrom mondial world enthusiastically and moves every moment towardhis end. The first conception is the actual model of modern humanbeing and the second is the model of human being as human beings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Elucidation and Criticize Elements of Spirituality in the Eyes of Kees Waaijman
Mohammad Hossein IrandoostThe term "spirituality" has many meanings in the West. The evolution of this word started from a traditional meaning in line with the Bible in the fifth century and continued until the acquisition of the opposite meaning of physical and material in later centuries and t MoreThe term "spirituality" has many meanings in the West. The evolution of this word started from a traditional meaning in line with the Bible in the fifth century and continued until the acquisition of the opposite meaning of physical and material in later centuries and the acquisition of psychological, social, political and health concepts in the thirteenth to twentieth centuries. Numerous researchers have worked in the field of spirituality. Among them are the books and articles of Case and Ayman, a professor at Bloom Fontaine University and an Old Testament researcher at the university. According to Case and Ayman, three main elements for spirituality can be identified and introduced: 1. The process of the relationship between God and man, which occurs in a moment of the relationship between the two divine and human poles. 2. Gradual process in the sense that the two poles of human and divine are gradually connected. And at this stage, God gradually manifests himself with human beings. 3. Transformation and evolution, in the sense that the process of communication between the two human and divine poles causes the transformation and evolution of human essence. This article, in a descriptive-analytical method, while explaining the different meanings of spirituality from the perspective of “safe” and criticizing their point of view, seeks to answer the question of what are the elements of spirituality? Also in this article, three elements introduced by him have been examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Amin Khuli and Founding Literary School in the Quranic Exegesis
Morteza Karimi- NiaLiterary school in the Quranic exegesis is among contemporarymethods rooted in the old tradition of Quranic commentary. Somesuch literary commentators of the second and third centuries as IbnQutayba, Abu `Ubayda, Abu `Ubayd, al-Kasaee, and al-Farra’ haveattempted MoreLiterary school in the Quranic exegesis is among contemporarymethods rooted in the old tradition of Quranic commentary. Somesuch literary commentators of the second and third centuries as IbnQutayba, Abu `Ubayda, Abu `Ubayd, al-Kasaee, and al-Farra’ haveattempted mostly in expounding grammatical and sometimesrhetorical points of the Quran. In later centuries such an emphasisupon literal and rhetorical aspects has appeared more and more inthe works of al-Zamakhshari, al-Sharif al-Radi, al-Sharif al-Murtada, and al-Shaykh al-Tusi and sometimes has beenexaggerated in such Quranic exegeses as al-Bahr al-Muhit by AbuHayyan al-Gharnati. In the whole history of Quranic exegesis suchvarious tendencies has been called lexical commentary, syntacticcommentary, explanatory commentary, rhetorical commentary andsometimes literary commentary. In the present century theoutstanding Egyptian thinker and scholar Amin Khuli added anotherkind of commentary to that collection and called it literary school inthe Quranic exegesis. On the basis of that method in the Quraniccommentary, the primary gem of the Quran is its literary facet andthe commentator must attempt to attain literary, artistic corners ofthis book before anything else. Different aspects of Amin Khuli’sliterary theory in the Quranic exegesis alongside with a briefintroduction to his life and works are presented in this essay Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Relation between Will and Reason in Descartes’ Philosophy
حسین گلچینیRelation between will and reason is a philosophico-theological topicwhich is longevous and vague, especially, when this relation is consideredas a kind of priority. The priority of will over reason in Descartes’ thoughthas both implicit and explicit aspects.In the MoreRelation between will and reason is a philosophico-theological topicwhich is longevous and vague, especially, when this relation is consideredas a kind of priority. The priority of will over reason in Descartes’ thoughthas both implicit and explicit aspects.In the question of knowledge – that is, having clear and distinct ideas –Desecrates judges that “understanding” has priority over “will”; this isconsiderd as epistemological priority; but he acknowledges that the “will”is formally greater than “reason” (i.e., will is finite but reason is infinite);this is considerd as ontic/ontological priority.In the beginning of modern philosophy, Desecrates applied methodicdoubt which is appearance of will, itself being an appearance ofmethodological priority. Accepting the priority of will over reason resultsin constructing a philosophical system or founding an intellectual school,which leads to some broad consequences in political, legal and moralsystems, as they have been originate from Descartes’ thought in thehistorical reality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Risks in projects of modernization and reconstruction of old urban tissue Case Study: Mashhad Majd project
ابراهیم رومینا علی ممیزانRenovation and restoration of Urban distressed areas, due to the exhaustion loss. Physical structure of cities affected by natural factors, socio-economic and burnout are gradually changed. Because the reconstruction and modernization of the challenges associated risk a MoreRenovation and restoration of Urban distressed areas, due to the exhaustion loss. Physical structure of cities affected by natural factors, socio-economic and burnout are gradually changed. Because the reconstruction and modernization of the challenges associated risk assessment they will be important. The aim of this study was to determine the types of risks in the projects of modernization and reconstruction of urban distressed areas by studying the Majd project Mashhad.Referring to identify risks relevant project documents, relevant risks are extracted. For this purpose, a questionnaire based on the variables of interest were filled by 50 managers and experts were part of this project. To analyze the data, relevant statistical software was used.The results show that the risks affecting in urban distressed areas at Majd Mashhad project include: economic and financial risks, technical, social, political and environmental, After analyzing the weight, the greatest impact of financial risk and economic risk with an average of 18.4, and in the next place, to the risk of social 05/3, 77/2 technical risk, political risk is 64/2 and 36/2 environmental risk. The financial risk has the greatest economic impact and environmental risk associated with the lowest risk is in project. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Reviews of modern technologies in the design of the mosque in the city of Zahedan
پوریا طالبیA mosque, a place of prostration and humility and strain before the servants of God "Allah" as is, where to build a relationship with God and expressing devotion to the divinity and greatness of the Creator and small. The sanctity of the mosque, in the same Reciprocity MoreA mosque, a place of prostration and humility and strain before the servants of God "Allah" as is, where to build a relationship with God and expressing devotion to the divinity and greatness of the Creator and small. The sanctity of the mosque, in the same Reciprocity "Abdul and divinity of the Lord" lies. This research effort designed to recognize the fundamental principles of contemporary architecture mosque in Iran. Physical concepts designed to determine the content of Islamic architecture in the mosque, meaning the origin of its structural elements were examined. So Islamic architecture and the architecture of a specific location indicator is the growth and prosperity. Therefore, we can say that the mosque design approach in terms of time and space and contemporary works are not necessarily constant signs of the past, not today is symbolic elements in the urban landscape, while in most modern mosques, as well as form and shape patterns of the past, today's reference design is. The aim of this study was to investigate sustainable architecture and specifically the use of modern technologies to design a mosque in Zahedan. The research method is descriptive - analytic case study and collect data library is done. In this study, the mosque, the quantitative and qualitative benefits of using modern technologies in design is discussed. Then climatic conditions and specific architectural expression of Zahedan in throughput. Finally, the modern technology in the design of the mosque in Zahedan be examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Analysis of the 21st Century Global Culture System and its Impact on Ethnic Interactions in Southwest Asia
masood taheri Golam hasan Heydari Ezat allah EzatiThe emergence of the international system since the collapse of the Soviet Union has brought analysts to issues of politics and power to the increasing importance of culture and its political role. Due to the impact of the Global Geocaching System on Ethnic Interactions MoreThe emergence of the international system since the collapse of the Soviet Union has brought analysts to issues of politics and power to the increasing importance of culture and its political role. Due to the impact of the Global Geocaching System on Ethnic Interactions, the author of this paper, using a descriptive-analytical approach and library studies, aims to analyze the 21st Century Global Geocaching System and its impact on Southwest Asian societies. The emergence of identity movements in Southwest Asia and new social movements in the West indicate that new forces worldwide are emerging from all the dominant structures. Thus, in the field of world politics and domestic politics, power is no longer merely a monopoly of states, but these forces, which have entered the field of politics as new actors and actors, havebeen able to increase the power and politics of society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Measuring and evaluating the extent of local participation in urban renewal and reconstruction projects (Case study of the second district of Qom)
مصطفی توکلی نغمه alireza garoosi amir hosin nemati Mehdi Khazai farThe rapid development of urbanization has had significant effects on old city textures. The old town nucleus has been constantly transformed to accommodate a large population, often migrants from recent years, which has exacerbated the exhaustion of these tissues. It is MoreThe rapid development of urbanization has had significant effects on old city textures. The old town nucleus has been constantly transformed to accommodate a large population, often migrants from recent years, which has exacerbated the exhaustion of these tissues. It is hardly possible to compensate for this turmoil with the plans of refurbishment and renovation. What is important in this regard is the participation of the people as an effective element. Accordingly, the present study was conducted using descriptive-analytical method. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of this participation by setting up a questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a test. To analyze the results, a sample T test was used in SPSS software. The results of this study reflect the general low and minimum public participation in the implementation of these projects and in various economic, social, physical and managerial dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - The Role Of Geopolitics Of Information In The Design Of Modern Combat Strategy.
mohammadreza ahmadiyaghin Qiuomars Yazdanpanah Dero mahmood vasegh mohammad hassan namiInformation geopolitics examines the tensions arising from the power of information and effective communication in the political space and analyzes its hidden aspects in information knowledge and aristocracy, and describes the power of public opinion persuasion. The inf MoreInformation geopolitics examines the tensions arising from the power of information and effective communication in the political space and analyzes its hidden aspects in information knowledge and aristocracy, and describes the power of public opinion persuasion. The information revolution has led to the arrival of new actors, transformations and changes in the equations of power, and to the complication of relations, and finally to the emergence of a hybrid war. Now, in this situation, how can modern and efficient combat strategies be achieved by relying on appropriate intelligence power? According to the appropriate solution, complete and strategic intelligence aristocracy is based on the effective factors in the areas involved in the hybrid war and the formation of strategic alliances based on the long-term goals of the actors. The method of library analytical research is to explain the relationship between the geopolitical components of information and hybrid warfare. According to the theory of chaos complexity, strategic stability based on information geopolitics is the basis for maintaining balance and control of war in which political units are not able to start a large-scale war against each other and prevent conflicts from turning into direct war. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Investigating and evaluating the sustainability of urban neighborhoods with emphasis on modern urban planning indicators (Case study of Bandar Abbas)
Parivash Bavaghar marzieh mogholi Mohammad Ebrahim AfifiThe purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the sustainability of Bandar Abbas neighborhoods with emphasis on modern urban planning indicators.The purpose of the present study is applied studies and its predominant approach is descriptive-analytical. Librar MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the sustainability of Bandar Abbas neighborhoods with emphasis on modern urban planning indicators.The purpose of the present study is applied studies and its predominant approach is descriptive-analytical. Library and field methods (questionnaire) have been used to collect data.The statistical population of the study includes 152862 households living in Bandar Abbas. To determine the sample size using Cochran's formula, the sample size of 383 households was selected.Then, different dimensions of sustainable development (economic, social and environmental) were evaluated using the opinions of heads of households in different parts of Bandar Abbas.The results show that among the neighborhoods of Bandar Abbas in terms of social sustainability, Golshahr, Azadegan and Shah Hosseini neighborhoods have the best performance and posht shahr, Soro and duhezar neighborhoods have less social sustainability. Golshahr, Azadegan and Nayband have more stability and Tohid, Chahestani and Behesht Zahra neighborhoods have less economic stability than other neighborhoods. In the study of environmental indicators of sustainable development, Shah Hosseini, derakht e sabz and Golshahrz neighborhoods have the most environmental sustainability. And the neighborhoods of Nayband, Posht Shahr and Soro have the least environmental sustainability Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Influence of modern information technology on the government academic libraries of Tehran
Mohammad Hasanzadeh Alireza Isfandyari Moghaddam Samaneh Mahdian RaufPurpose: Today, information technologies are widely been used in the academic libraries. Sound understanding of influence of these technologies and various sections may provide much more appropriate policy making. The aim of this study is to recognize the level of moder MorePurpose: Today, information technologies are widely been used in the academic libraries. Sound understanding of influence of these technologies and various sections may provide much more appropriate policy making. The aim of this study is to recognize the level of modern technologies influence on various sections of government academic libraries of Tehran from the librarians’ viewpoints. Methodology: The research is survey and the statistical population consist the librarians and managers working on various central government academic libraries throughout Tehran city. For gathering the information needed for the research a combination of documentary and field studies were benefited. The questionnaire consisted 56 questions and the data was analyzed though descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The finding indicated that modern information technologies use can help influence positively on different sections such as: acquisition, organization of materials, service organization library relations, inter-library cooperation and relations with clienteles. Results: The results showed that in various sections of central government academic libraries of Tehran, modern information technologies had significant difference. Also, comparison of mean rates of scores indicated that most influence was on organization of resources and the least influence was organizational library relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Biblical Interpretation and the Social Life of Christian Fundamentalism: A Case Study of the Evangelicalism
Maryam Nazari Leila Hooshangi Hojjatollah JavaniStudies on appearance of Fundamentalism among different religious tradition has been emphasized in recent decades. In the Christian world and Evangelical Church, fundamentalism emerged in the 1970s and advocates for a literal interpretation of the Bible in religiou MoreStudies on appearance of Fundamentalism among different religious tradition has been emphasized in recent decades. In the Christian world and Evangelical Church, fundamentalism emerged in the 1970s and advocates for a literal interpretation of the Bible in religious and social life, often conflicting with modern aspects of society. The article explores the historical background and theoretical principles of fundamentalism, and compares its methods of interpreting the Bible to previous methods. It also examines the practical consequences of a fundamentalist approach, particularly in social life, education, and mass media. The article suggests that the emphasis on the inerrancy of the Bible has led to the attribution of social views and beliefs to the sacred text, resulting in condemnation of any opposing views. This has resulted in a sacred quarrel with others, and often led to violence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Religious Developments in Modern Islam and the 16th Century Europe: A Comparative Study
بهروز حدادیReligious developments in different societies– due to the similarities insome basic principles– follow a common pattern. However we couldnot claim that, in this respect, societies are completely the same. In thisarticle, religious developments in modern Isla MoreReligious developments in different societies– due to the similarities insome basic principles– follow a common pattern. However we couldnot claim that, in this respect, societies are completely the same. In thisarticle, religious developments in modern Islam and in the 16th centuryEurope are analyzed. Their main similarities are as follows: carefulattention to the essence and reality of religion, disputation overauthority and the role of tradition, the importance of purity andrejection of philosophical and modern ideas, and paying attention to thehereafter and the final salvation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Religion and Modernity from the Viewpoint of Anthony Giddens
فریبا طشت زر حسین حیدری جواد روحانی رصافThe theory of “late modernity” is the key to understand Giddens’thought on religion and his critique of early sociologists. According toGiddens, religion has had two different phases in early and latemodernity. The misunderstanding of the nature of the MoreThe theory of “late modernity” is the key to understand Giddens’thought on religion and his critique of early sociologists. According toGiddens, religion has had two different phases in early and latemodernity. The misunderstanding of the nature of the early modernityled to some wrong predictions about the future of religion as somesociologists claimed that religion would eventually disappear. Howeverin late modernity, given its specific characteristics, appeal for religionand spirituality has increased. By surveying the outcomes of themodernity and criticizing the views of early sociologists (such as Marx,Durkheim and Weber) Giddens asserts that religion is not going to beabolish. Nevertheless, religious revival of late modernity does notindicate that religion will return to its traditional condition. Acompromise between modernity and religion could be possible,provided that religion undergoes ongoing reflexivity and dialogue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Obstacles and Challenges of Implementing New Procedures of International Environmental Law in Iranian Law
Fatemeh Sadat Ojaghzadeh Mohammadi Ali mashhadi Alireza ArashpoorThere are many international treaties and modern procedures in environmental protection which are subject tothe modern legal principles and rules that can contribute greatly to the expansion of International Environmental Laws. The procedure of most modern treaties has MoreThere are many international treaties and modern procedures in environmental protection which are subject tothe modern legal principles and rules that can contribute greatly to the expansion of International Environmental Laws. The procedure of most modern treaties has been based on compensation for environmental damages in a way that even the treaties and conventions that did not mention compensation for damages in the past were amended in the following editions and sessions. Iran, likemany other countries, is a member of Protocols, Conventions, and Environmental Treaties such as Climate Change Convention, Ramsar Convention, Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Basel Convention, Cartagena Protocol, Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution, but it (Iran) has not been very successful in Environmental Laws and implementation of Legal Practices in Environmental Protection in such a way that there is not much obligation regarding Environmental Protection and in cases where the government itself is the damaging party (side) to the environment, Real Entities or Private Non-Governmental Organization are in no position to defend or make Environmental Complaints against the Government. Also, Iran’s Legal Policy for the Environmental Compensation of environmental damagesis based on the Theory of Fault and practically there are a lot of problems for the injured party to prove the fault. Therefore, the primary reason for the difficultiesof implementing the Modern Practices of International Environmental Law in Iranian Law is due to the infirmity andapproval of Environmental Laws as well as the lack of obligation of the Government and Institutions to implement the international convention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Analytical-comparative analysis of organic architectural works in Iran (Second Pahlavi period)
Alaleh Samir Maryam Cheshme Qassabani Hosein Karim AbadiBackground and Objective: The organic style, influenced by the libertarian movements, which derived from modernism. In order to define libertarianism for the architectural character of its own, this style, specified characteristics, and principles such as nature as a mo MoreBackground and Objective: The organic style, influenced by the libertarian movements, which derived from modernism. In order to define libertarianism for the architectural character of its own, this style, specified characteristics, and principles such as nature as a model, individualism, and nationalism. Despite the importance of this style to date, it has not yet been fully studied in contemporary Iranian architecture. Thus, in this study, the architectural works of organic style in the period - the second Pahlavi - are analyzed to explain the common features. Methods: The present historical research, with an analytical-comparative approach, has used inferential and deductive reasoning. First, the principles of organic style architecture, derived from a comparative study of written evidence and existing documents, were explained as a criterion of measurement. Then, a list of works of organic architecture in Iran was prepared to select samples for analysis by purposive sampling. Finally, the analyzed samples were compared with the principles of organic architecture. Findings: Organic architecture in Iran, in building and landscape design, has been used for various purposes, among which, preserving the potentials of the natural environment and reusing it with minimal human intervention, are in line with the common design theme. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that the works of organic architecture in Iran in the second Pahlavi period, have able to have common concepts according to the organic style, such as the integration of the artificial environment with the natural environment, which originated from the organic style and has been appeared in these works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Modern Structures, Predisposing Factors for the Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism in Mazandaran, Focusing on Eco-Tourist Residences
Mahsa Haghani Sahar Majidi HatkeloeeBackground and Objective: In the contemporary world, the development of rural tourism is considered an effective step in economic prosperity, creating incentives and economic attractions for the investors of eco-tourism residences, which, while promoting sustainable tou MoreBackground and Objective: In the contemporary world, the development of rural tourism is considered an effective step in economic prosperity, creating incentives and economic attractions for the investors of eco-tourism residences, which, while promoting sustainable tourism, helps preserve the value of It is considered one of the methods of tourism development to provide the natives of the rural textures of the region. Therefore, the current research, with the aim of sustainable development of rural tourism in Mazandaran, deals with finding the best modern building structure in terms of compatibility with the construction indicators of ecotourism residences. Material and Methodology: the research is an applied one in terms of its purpose and is a descriptive-survey in terms of its nature, in which the combined analysis method is used. The information is collected through library research and survey methods. ¬The researcher-made questionnaire were completed by 12 architecture and structures experts. In the quantitative section, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) parametric test was used to determine the opinion of experts, ¬ then LSD and Duncan post hoc tests were used to determine whether there is any significant relation between different structures. The current research was carried out in the territory of Mazandaran province and in the period of Farvardin 1400 to Khordad 1401. Findings: ¬ the results of the analysis of structures based on the specifications of "Technical theory" in the construction of ecotourism residences show that LSF and 3D-PANEL structures are the most optimal structures. Discussion and Conclusion: One of the factors influencing the growth of rural tourism is the construction of eco-tourism residences in accordance with the principles of native architecture. In order to attract investors in such projects; Localizing modern structures and using them instead of traditional structures by high construction speed can lead to fast return on investment and also it can predispose maintaining and improving the physical values of the village. It seems that due to the similarity of the selected structures in the research findings in terms of technical, economic, industrial and cultural justification with the native structures of Mazandaran; it is possible to create job opportunities by taking the help of local structural experts and collaborative implementation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Environmental Terrorism Criminalization; Challenges, Norms and Strategies
Sayeed Abbas Puorhashemi Payman Namamian Sobhan TayebiBackground and Objectives: Todays abuse of the Environment and the living World, both as atTarget and as a tool for Terrorist Activity is Evident. In this context, "green war" with the changingface of terrorism as a phenomenon, emerging in the contemporary world appears MoreBackground and Objectives: Todays abuse of the Environment and the living World, both as atTarget and as a tool for Terrorist Activity is Evident. In this context, "green war" with the changingface of terrorism as a phenomenon, emerging in the contemporary world appears. Not only theinternational laws, but domestic laws (National) did not counter this threat practically. It providesemerging threats. However, the applicability of legal principles, strategies could also replace the antiterrorismactions effectively and provide appropriate solutions for this crisis. Green or environmentalterrorism, including terrorism with new environmental elements, conveniently located on the route ofterrorist activity.Methods: The Presented cross-sectional study based on the principles, methods, libraries research andthe forwarded ways based on the cross-sectional and Library Noting including old and new aspects ofthis new phenomenon of terrorism is discussed. In this regard, the proposed environmental terrorismas a global risk coping strategies are also reviewed and considered with the best route is diplomacy.Results: In addition to describing the implementation of these strategies in this regard, this study hasattempted to offer effective strategic approaches to tackle the new criminal law as "green terrorism" or"the ecosystem drawing" with the best tackle of the mechanisms which provides emerging threats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Designing a native pattern in arid climate to reduce energy consumption in housing sector (Case study: Yazd)
shokoufeh avazalipour haqiqatparast Yazdan Taghizadeh Hossein zabihiBackground and Objective: Due to the growth of population and consequently the crisis caused by increase of energy demand, management of energy consumption has become inseparable from the issue of sustainability. Therefore, in this study, with a special emphasis on the MoreBackground and Objective: Due to the growth of population and consequently the crisis caused by increase of energy demand, management of energy consumption has become inseparable from the issue of sustainability. Therefore, in this study, with a special emphasis on the importance of energy saving, optimization of energy consumption in housing sector are discussed through the contemporary native pattern designing in hot and dry regions. Method: Hence, the required information was collected by investigating the energy consumption in this sector through different patterns and designing the energy-efficient patterns to achieve this important issue. Findings: Due to the fact that the study was done on a case studies in Yazd city, the designing style of the buildings such as (direction of the thickness of the walls, height of the inner structures, etc.) and the elements used (porches, plants, wind, etc.), which have a direct effect on energy efficiency, are studied. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, the pattern of vernacular architecture and modern residential patterns for reducing energy consumption led to similar outcomes by implying that the proposed method can be efficient in reducing the energy consumption Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Evolutionary multi-objective (3 or 4) optimization portfolio using fuzzy logic in Tehran Stock Exchange
Mohammad Javad Salimi Mirfeiz FallahShams Hadi Khajezadeh DezfuliThe problem of portfolio optimization and stock selection is one of the major areas for financial investors in financial markets. In this paper, some of the challenges of simultaneously multi-objective portfolio optimization are addressed. Four different models are desi MoreThe problem of portfolio optimization and stock selection is one of the major areas for financial investors in financial markets. In this paper, some of the challenges of simultaneously multi-objective portfolio optimization are addressed. Four different models are designed: a fuzzy multi-objective programming model has been used to consider the multi-criteria nature of stock selection and the uncertainty associated with the return on assets and a simple model for doing this. The models are designed in such a way that both the nature of the multiplicity of the problem of portfolio selection is considered and the considerations of the investor in the choice of portfolios are involved. After designing the evolutionary 3 and 4 objective models of portfolio optimization, multi-objective evolutionary algorithm NSGA-II was used to solve this models. Concretely, it optimizes return, the downside-risk, skewness and the Kurtosis of a given daily returns, taking into account budget, and investor constraints. Because of the NP-HARD nature of the above models, the NSGA-II proprietary algorithm was coded in the MATLAB, and after solving each model and extracting the Pareto frontier, the best portfolio on the Pareto front was selected based on the maximum Sortino ratio. Finally, the results of the obtained portfolios in both fuzzy and non-phase conditions were compared according to the trainer's ratio, and it was determined that the use of fuzzy logic in quadratic evolutionary algorithms, compared to a situation where fuzzy logic is not used in the design and use of these algorithms., Creates more favorable results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Assessing the various risks of the Iranian petrochemical industry
Jehad Barzigar Mohammad JaliliThis research in aimed at assessing and measuring systematic and unsystematic risks affecting petrochemicals listed on Tehran stock exchange with a financial-marketing approach in two stages to be analyzed and the analysis of the payment. In the first stage, quantitativ MoreThis research in aimed at assessing and measuring systematic and unsystematic risks affecting petrochemicals listed on Tehran stock exchange with a financial-marketing approach in two stages to be analyzed and the analysis of the payment. In the first stage, quantitative assessment of systematic and unsystematic risks is filled with a financial approach. As a result of these calculations, it was found that the greatest risk to the stock returns of petrochemical companies threatens, due to the cultural and economic and political factors and technology and the internal factors have less effect on the risk of stock returns of petrochemical companies. In the second stage, it is measured qualitative (rating) systematic and unsystematic risk with marketing approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The Application of Downside Risk and Arbitrage Pricing Model in Risk Assessment (Financial Marketing Approach to Iran's Petrochemical Industry)
Jehad Barzigar Mohammad JaliliThe purpose of the present study is supposed to be assessing and measuring systematic and unsystematic risks that are affecting petrochemical companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange Market with a financial -marketing approach in two stages. In the first stage, quantit MoreThe purpose of the present study is supposed to be assessing and measuring systematic and unsystematic risks that are affecting petrochemical companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange Market with a financial -marketing approach in two stages. In the first stage, quantitative assessment of systematic and unsystematic risks is done based on financial approach using downside risk and arbitrage pricing model. As a result of these calculations, it was found that downside risk of portfolio stock returns of companies accepted in Tehran stock market was greater than risk of portfolio stock returns and the greatest risk to the stock returns of petrochemical companies threatens, due to the cultural and economic and political factors and technology and the internal factors have less effect on the risk of stock returns of petrochemical companies. In the second stage, qualitative measurement (rating) of systematic and unsystematic risk was performed based on the marketing approach. The following results were obtained: crude oil price fluctuations, lack of attention to environmental standards, political developments, especially global sanctions and cancellation of the contracts with foreign companies and changes in the exchange rate are among the factors that increase in the systematic risk in the petrochemical industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - A study on how managers of mutual funds invest in Iran (With an approach based on technical & fundamental analysis and Modern Portfolio Theory)
Mohammadreza Nikbakht Yasser Kargari Mahtab DavarzadehThis study (for the first time) examined the way investment managers of mutual funds invest, by using questionnaire method. Respondents to the questionnaire are investment managers of mutual funds in Iran. The investment managers are asked to determine the use of each o MoreThis study (for the first time) examined the way investment managers of mutual funds invest, by using questionnaire method. Respondents to the questionnaire are investment managers of mutual funds in Iran. The investment managers are asked to determine the use of each of methods such as technical & fundamental analysis, Modern Portfolio Theory, bulletins, confidential information and market rumors, for market forecasting and selecting assets properly and timely. The research statistic population includes investment managers of active mutual funds in Iran. Questionnaires were sent to all of them, and 40 percent of the questionnaires were returned. The findings of this study show that investment managers always pay most of their attention to fundamental analyses and then published bulletins; they rarely use technical analysis indicators (especially in the long term) and Modern Portfolio Theory (especially in the short term). Also investment managers are reluctant to use confidential information and market rumors in any time intervals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Comparing Efficiency of Performance Evaluation Measures Based on Post Modern Portfolio Theory in Ranking Portfolio formed by Grid Strategy Model
Hamidreza Vakilifard Shahram Babalooyan Mehrdokht MozaffariThis research aims to rank grid matrix model with performance evaluation by measures based on post modern portfolio and study the efficiency of these measures. Different types of portfolio resulting from grid matrix model are ranked by sortino ratio, omega ratio and pro MoreThis research aims to rank grid matrix model with performance evaluation by measures based on post modern portfolio and study the efficiency of these measures. Different types of portfolio resulting from grid matrix model are ranked by sortino ratio, omega ratio and prospect ratio. Since Kolmogrove - Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests don’t confirm the normality of monthly returns, so Non-Parametric tests – Spearman and Friedman Tests - applied. According to the results of these tests, not only no significant difference was found between rankings, but also was not endorsed a significant correlation between them. Therefore to study the efficiency of performance evaluation measures, portfolios performance evaluated over a period of 5 years and over a period of 2 years, the results of this evaluation investigated. For this purpose, Pearson Correlation Coefficient between evaluated and real ranks calculated and the two types of innovative portfolios made to show the efficiency of measures in general recognition of real ranks and top rated. As the result, prospect ratio shows best efficiency for ranking resulted portfolios from grid matrix model in Tehran Stock Exchange. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Hegemonic worldview and its relationship with environmental Crises in the world
Reza Eltyaminia Ali Hosani In Islamic worldview, all humans and natures, together consist a part of entire of universe system. while in west cultures, only human are of essential values and nature is used as an instrumental value and a profiting source . according to political ecolog More In Islamic worldview, all humans and natures, together consist a part of entire of universe system. while in west cultures, only human are of essential values and nature is used as an instrumental value and a profiting source . according to political ecological belief, environmental issues will be solve if(when) fundamental changes is happen in the capitalist ideology and when a real democracy is prevailed and created in the countries of the world.so in this long with, aren naeis argue that pay attention to or take into consideration of ethical and religious traditions of the east could help us in protect of the environment and also we must believe that in the world, all alive creatures, in order to live, promotion and bloom, must have equal values and rights and nobody is save but everybody is saved. All humans are a part of nature not outside of it or upon it. (sakoee,2002,22).findings of the research show that the unreligious anthropologist and worldview and attitude and view based on humanism view and greed and avidity is causing many of environmental disasters and calamities. So, emendation or reformation of attitudes, believes and human view a bout human and environment within or in long with Islam systematic view could remove many of environmental and political issues and insecurities.This research while is studying the cultural and thought backgrounds causing environmental destruction under modernity and also with explanation of religious and cultural worldviews and their impacts on global ecology and environment, is looking for explanation and codification of Islamic environmental pattern to protect and preserve the balance of global and regional environment. the study is a basic and fundamental research and is used the Islamic realism and constructionist mean ology to do this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Producing Renewable Energy from Food Processing Wastes
Zohreh DidarFood processing plants consume huge amount of energy for converting raw material to final product so food industry accounts as one of seven high consumption industries. This industry as well as high energy requirement, producing large amount of solid and liquid wastes. MoreFood processing plants consume huge amount of energy for converting raw material to final product so food industry accounts as one of seven high consumption industries. This industry as well as high energy requirement, producing large amount of solid and liquid wastes. These wastes basically contain biodegradable organic compounds that their discharge to environment could cause serious pollution. Generally, large amount of these solid wastes discharge to landfill and liquid ones to rivers and oceans without any treatment. Recently, the strict environmental legislations restrict discharge of wastes to environment, so discharge of these materials is a big challenge for food industry. (Increasing the price of fuel and high cost of energy, encourage the researchers for finding approaches for producing low cost and green energy sources from food wastes). In this article some of the most important ways for converting food wastes to different form of energy such as biodiesel, Gasification, Anaerobic digestion, Thermal liquefaction and ethanol production is discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - The Controversy of Traditional and Modern Women in Iran and Syria (Case Study: The Novel "Aldawwama" and "I Turn Off the Lights")
sara hasani nafte yahya marof ali salimi abdolreza naderifarLiterary works are one of the most important tools for understanding the position of women in society. In the last decade, due to the change in the social, cultural and economic structure of societies and the rising level of women's awareness, women writers have critica MoreLiterary works are one of the most important tools for understanding the position of women in society. In the last decade, due to the change in the social, cultural and economic structure of societies and the rising level of women's awareness, women writers have critically expressed the social status and role of women and called for a fundamental change in people's attitudes and revision of patriarchal interpretations of literary texts. Have been. Zoya Pirzad and Qamar Kilani are writers who, with their knowledge of the situation of women in the society of their time, have written stories centered on women. The present article uses a descriptive-analytical method and relies on the American school of comparative literature to analyze and compare the personalities of traditional and modern women in the novels "aldawwama" by Qamar Kilani, a contemporary Syrian author, and "I turn off the lights." Zoya Pirzad pays. The works of these two contemporary writers are a manifestation of their realism and realism, which expresses many social events in both Syrian and Iranian societies. These two authors portray the character of traditional women with characteristics such as housekeeping, gender roles, passivity against the patriarchal system, and citizenship of traditional traditions. Violation of traditional traditions has been described. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Creation and Reviewing Hyper Stories in Martin Leuis Amis’s Works: A Lyotardic Approach
Ali Jamali Nesari Shahram Validi Hiva VeysiJean-François Lyotard discusses postmodernism and its conditions and characteristics, and lists features for postmodern culture, works and ideas. One of the features that distinguishes postmodernism from other literary and cultural periods and schools is the fail MoreJean-François Lyotard discusses postmodernism and its conditions and characteristics, and lists features for postmodern culture, works and ideas. One of the features that distinguishes postmodernism from other literary and cultural periods and schools is the failure and collapse of macro – narrations. Thus, it can be claimed that literary works, downplay macro – narrations, weaken their foundations, move towards postmodernism and place themselves to a greater or lesser degree among postmodern works. The present study aims to survey the three selected works of Martin Amis from cstructure and reviewing hyper stories and show how literature and philosophy, side by side, depict the disintegration of rigid discourses and, in the exhaustion of despair, they consider the possibility of the emergence of a new discourse or narrative. The method of the study is interdisciplinary that have been done as a librarian technique. Manuscript profile -
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104 - The narration of symbolism and the flow of mind in the symphony of the deads and towards the lighthouse
Kian PishkarThe field of comparative literature is one of the largest and most extensive fields of study in world literature, which can open many openings for literary enthusiasts to know nations, literature, cultures, traditions and thoughts. Among the great Iranian and British wr MoreThe field of comparative literature is one of the largest and most extensive fields of study in world literature, which can open many openings for literary enthusiasts to know nations, literature, cultures, traditions and thoughts. Among the great Iranian and British writers, many people have heard the names of Abbas Maroufi and Ms. Virginia Woolf and are not familiar with their valuable works that have undoubtedly influenced the literature of their country and the world. The novels "Symphony of the Deads" by Abbas Maroofi (1957) and "Towards the Lighthouse" by Virginia Woolf (1942-1882) are valuable and great works of Persian and English literature that have their own unique features and characteristics that comparative study of their narration based on modern narrative, the proposed format and structure of the fluid flow of the mind, while facilitating their literary understanding, can provide a new way in the practical study of modern and postmodern comparative literature. Manuscript profile -
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105 - A comparative study of the novels "Chicago" by Alaa Al-Aswani and "Neighbors" by Ahmad Mahmoud
Mandana MangaliThe novel "Chicago" (2007) is one of the most powerful and most popular contemporary novels in the world in the field of culture and literature. Alaa Aswani (born 1957), a well-known Egyptian writer, deals with the conflicts of Egyptian-American life in the novel "Chica MoreThe novel "Chicago" (2007) is one of the most powerful and most popular contemporary novels in the world in the field of culture and literature. Alaa Aswani (born 1957), a well-known Egyptian writer, deals with the conflicts of Egyptian-American life in the novel "Chicago", conflicts resulting from the behaviors of a young Egyptian in the United States. Ahmad Mahmoud (1331-2002) is one of the writers of the southern school in Iran and the novel "Neighbors" was written in accordance with the coup d'etat of 1948, i.e, the first half of the 20th century and it investigates the problems and atmosphere ruling the colonized countries and peoples of the Third World and depicts them. Symbolism is present in both works. The time and place and the multiplicity of characters and the plot and elements are very strong in both. Aswani looks at oppression and discrimination through the intellectual community and sees the penetration of the incompetence of the governing commission in this part of society and even outside the borders. But Ahmad Mahmoud has a biased view of the conditions prevailing in the people and has pursued this issue with the theme of poverty and misery. Manuscript profile -
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106 - A Comparative Study of Common Political, Social, and Individual Thoughts As components of modernism in the poems of Ahmad Shamloo and Nazkolamelake
,ronak ,joharzadeh shahrokh hekmat ,majid azizi,The formation of each school follows a political or social and cultural movement, and the art and literature of each period is the product of its own living world. Modernism emerged as a literary school in American and European countries from the early years of the twen MoreThe formation of each school follows a political or social and cultural movement, and the art and literature of each period is the product of its own living world. Modernism emerged as a literary school in American and European countries from the early years of the twentieth century, at the same time as the influence and spread of symbolic poetry, and gradually spread to other countries. In this research, with a look at comparative literature, in a descriptive-analytical method, "common political, social and individual ideas" as components of modernism in the poems of Ahmad Shamloo and Nazkolamaleke are examined. The results show that freedom, dealing with political, social issues and individual love are evident as components of modernism in these two poets. Political thought is known as the main theme of Shamloo poetry, but he is an influential poet, not an effective one! From a social point of view, human freedom and liberation from tyranny is widely reflected in Shamloo's poems. Nazak al-Malaika also rejects the subject of war in his poems and opens his mouth in glory and complains about the state of society in a social form, and addresses not only the Iraqi people but the people of all Islamic lands to get rid of the sufferings and pains of life Manuscript profile -
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107 - Ebtehaj transition to modernity in poetry and comparison with Western modernity
Yadu'llah Taleshi Hassan Khanjani Seddigheh Jafarzadeh MoghaddamIn discussions of literary tradition and modernism in the arts and literature is one of the main issues. Especially in the transitional period of their communities, the hardest, yet most technical problem; Especially the link between tradition and modernity .With the ad MoreIn discussions of literary tradition and modernism in the arts and literature is one of the main issues. Especially in the transitional period of their communities, the hardest, yet most technical problem; Especially the link between tradition and modernity .With the advent of modern poetry in Persian literature clearly prominent figures in the field of modernization became one of the most prominent faces Ebtehaj(H.alf.sayh) was. Poet who can be said to create a strong alliance between tradition and modernism has the link can see it clearly in his poems. This study investigated the effects of traditionalism and modernism Ebtehaj poetry in his poems, and how to link these addresses two distinct categories; And indicate that H. Ebtehaj not opposed to tradition and not against modernity, but the link between them, no effort is spared. Manuscript profile -
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108 - Derrida,Jacques Literature and Deconstruction
Kian PishtazJacques Derrida is one of the most influential figures in literary theory in the English-speaking world, yet much of his writing on literary texts and on the question of literature is not easily available in translation. This essay brings together a number of the ideas MoreJacques Derrida is one of the most influential figures in literary theory in the English-speaking world, yet much of his writing on literary texts and on the question of literature is not easily available in translation. This essay brings together a number of the ideas on the English literary texts and figures; and also. indicates some of Derrida's ideas about politics, literature and feminism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Comparative study of Hometown Concept in Iran and Egypt's Constitutional poetry
Hamideh Hormati Zhila Moshiri The change in political and social conditions will always cause change in attitudes and literary thought. Ninetieth century was of a special importance from political and historical point of view for Iran and Egypt in which the industrial societies turned to be m More The change in political and social conditions will always cause change in attitudes and literary thought. Ninetieth century was of a special importance from political and historical point of view for Iran and Egypt in which the industrial societies turned to be modern rapidly. The result of this political and social jump was formation of new concepts and notions in literature which were unsurpassed till then. Patriotism and nationalism were the concepts which were created in both countries simultaneously. The present paper tries to study the concept of hometown and its aspects in Iran and Egypt poetries and answers the following questions: when has the patriotism and nationalism started in Iran and Egypt? Which factors were played an important role in its formation? What common aspects are there in both countries' poets' point of view? Manuscript profile -
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110 - Rebellion and Iconoclasm by Baudelaire and Youshij
Mah NazariNima as well as Baudelaire enlighted new color to contemporary poetry by their new look. His poems' structure owns unity. They get distance from romticism norms consciously and unwrap the evils by realistic, symbolic and surrealism images to show social and industrial h MoreNima as well as Baudelaire enlighted new color to contemporary poetry by their new look. His poems' structure owns unity. They get distance from romticism norms consciously and unwrap the evils by realistic, symbolic and surrealism images to show social and industrial human's suffers. The most pivotal characteristic of such poetry – which is based on norm – deviation – is ambiguity and iconoclasm and cloggy rules and traditions; because mechanism era and modern industry breaks all moral, natural, traditional and literal borders. Even the concept of love has been changed form modernism view point. This article – by descriptive – analytical method – intends to express Baudelaire and Nima Youshij's evolution in innovation and growth toward realism. Because no researches has been done to compare Baudelaire and Nima's works. Manuscript profile -
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111 - THE MYTHS IN THE POETRY OF NIMA AND NAZOK AL-MALAEKE, THE PIONEERS OF PERSIAN AND ARABIC POETRY
Gohar Alamdari Afsaneh MoradiThe comparison of the literature of two nations who have different languages and political geographies will result in the discovery of their similar concerns and literary developments and shows how much similarities could two poets have in their form and MoreThe comparison of the literature of two nations who have different languages and political geographies will result in the discovery of their similar concerns and literary developments and shows how much similarities could two poets have in their form and content in spite of having different languages. While holding this view the present article studies and compares the mythology applied in the poetry of the two modern poets namely Nima and Nazok Al-Malaeke and concludes that they were obliged to use ancient and modern myths in their poetry for expressing their concerns about social and political issues due to the political hardship of their rulers. Manuscript profile -
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112 - A Survey on Evolution and Modernism History in Iran and Egypt by Abdul'Rahim Talibov and Rifa'a al-Tahtawi's views
Hassan Dadkhah Mohammad Reza Alam Ma'soumeh TangestaniIran and Egypt have many similarities in different fields and aspects. These commonalities have created similarities in their evolutionary which the most important amongst is the mental and scientific evolution in both countries. Two characters in the modern era played MoreIran and Egypt have many similarities in different fields and aspects. These commonalities have created similarities in their evolutionary which the most important amongst is the mental and scientific evolution in both countries. Two characters in the modern era played significant role in people's awakening: Abdul'Rahim Talibov from Iran and Rifa'a al-Tahtawi from Egypt. Both scholars have felt the lags and shortcomings of their societies and have attempted a lot in order to save their countries. The present paper tries to compare these two intellectuals' attitudes and functions on evolution and modernism of their own societies. Manuscript profile -
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113 - Walt Whitman and Ahmad Shamloo
shamsi parsa Golnaz peyvandiAbstract Both Walt Whitman and Ahmad Shamloo are modernist poets who have commonalities in form and content in their poems. Common poetic contents such as being naturalism, humanism, paying attention to social and political issues and human body along with the soul and MoreAbstract Both Walt Whitman and Ahmad Shamloo are modernist poets who have commonalities in form and content in their poems. Common poetic contents such as being naturalism, humanism, paying attention to social and political issues and human body along with the soul and spirit are seen in their works. Regarding poetic styles, both of them believe in freedom from the rhyme restriction and they use rhythmic speech and make a new way in poetry. Like Whitman Shamloo brought in colloquial and conversational language to the poetry. But Shamloo paid special attention to the rich, poetical and epic language and his epic and mythical tone is affected by the texts of holy book. There are also some confrontations in their works. Most of the time Shamloo praises the heroes.This hero is sometimes a warrior and sometimes his beloved. But Walt Whitman praises not only human but also plants, animals and inanimate. Sufism in Whitman's poems is seen more than Shamloo's Manuscript profile -
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114 - A Study on Modernity Appearance in The Curse of the Earth and The Grapes of Wrath
Soudabeh Sadeghi Meisam ZareJalal Al-e-Ahmad was an intellectual and author of The Curse of the Earth novel in forty decade who composed his works by changing the economic – social structures disorders as well as ethical tangles and passed the tradition towards the modernity. On the other ha MoreJalal Al-e-Ahmad was an intellectual and author of The Curse of the Earth novel in forty decade who composed his works by changing the economic – social structures disorders as well as ethical tangles and passed the tradition towards the modernity. On the other hand John Steinbeck – the American moralism tough critic – wrote The Grapes of Wrath in the worst days of America called America's Great Depression. The present article tries to define the common motifs, the manifestation of modernity to the traditional society, the impact of the society with modernity and the effect of the modernity. Manuscript profile -
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115 - Comparative Analysis of “Armance” by Stendhaland “Tom Jones” by Henry Fielding Based on the Freud’s Theories
Mehdi Momtahen Nasrin DaftarchiSigmund Freud, the father of psychology looks for the psychological interpretation of the unconscious manifestation of the writer in the literary text. Thus he judges the literary work on behalf of the writer and looks for the signs of the unconscious presence of the wr MoreSigmund Freud, the father of psychology looks for the psychological interpretation of the unconscious manifestation of the writer in the literary text. Thus he judges the literary work on behalf of the writer and looks for the signs of the unconscious presence of the writer in order to reveal the secrets of such presentations. Henry Fielding published the novel “The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling” in1749 which depicts the life of a sociable and naïve boy who falls in for the girl next door, Sophia Western. Accordinglythe novel “Armance” or some scenes from “A Salon in Paris”, written by the 19th century French writer Stendhal are instances in which the signs of the unconscious presence of the writer could be pointed out. The present article tries to have a psychological review of these novels from Sigmund Freud point of view. Manuscript profile -
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116 - Free Verse and Ode in Iran and Arabic Countries
Nader Nezam TehraniEffecting and affecting in Arabic and Persian poetry could be seen in Abbasid era. Although effecting and affecting in Arabic and Persian poetry can not be seen in the contemporary era, it has played an important role in Abbasid era. This cultural exchange has only exis MoreEffecting and affecting in Arabic and Persian poetry could be seen in Abbasid era. Although effecting and affecting in Arabic and Persian poetry can not be seen in the contemporary era, it has played an important role in Abbasid era. This cultural exchange has only existed in early 20th century. Some translate Arabic poetry into Persian and others translate vice versa; that's because of both group's talents the emergence of the modern poetry and prose could be found in both contries and that was the result of both nobility. Manuscript profile -
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117 - A postmodern reading of the meaning of history in the two plays “Arcadia” by Tom Stoppard and “Death of YazdGerd” by Bhram Beizaei
Behzad Gaderi Sahmi Seyyedeh Anahit KazzaziIn recent decades there have been many critiques on the meaning of history and matters that historians have paid attention to in postmodern scientific and philosophical gatherings. The most important consequence of these critiques is challenging the task MoreIn recent decades there have been many critiques on the meaning of history and matters that historians have paid attention to in postmodern scientific and philosophical gatherings. The most important consequence of these critiques is challenging the task of history in providing an objective and scientific image of the past events. This relative perspective on the accuracy and authenticity of history vacillates in the achievement of the historical truth through questioning its nature and essence and asserts that historians have constantly replicated the past events through their power of imagination and dependency on personal beliefs. In harmony with deterioration of the meaning of history in philosophy, literary writers also decided to narrate the history in their works as the wanted. The offspring of this approach is a type of literature which could be termed “Replacement of History” in Persian. This research presents a comprehensive. postmodernist overview of history and then compares two replacements of history “Arcadia” by Tom Stoppard and “Death of YazdGerd” by Bhram Beizaei from this viewpoint. Manuscript profile -
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118 - Social Modernism in the Poetry of Mahmoud Sami Baroudi and Farrokhi Yazdi
Mohammad Ali Salmani Marvast Mojtaba Ghanbari Mazidi Karim KeshavarziThe era of the movement or the Arabic contemporary era coincided with the constitutional era in Iran was the era of modernity in the social life of the Egyptian and Persian peoples. The transformation in the social life of these two nations in the contemporary era follo MoreThe era of the movement or the Arabic contemporary era coincided with the constitutional era in Iran was the era of modernity in the social life of the Egyptian and Persian peoples. The transformation in the social life of these two nations in the contemporary era followed a change in the field of literature. With the literary transformation, new social issues also entered the literature. Mahmoud Sami Baroudi, an Egyptian prominent poet, and Farrokhi Yazdi, a Persian poet, are among the most famous representatives of modernity in this era who undertakes the induction of sensitive social concepts to provide the space for a desirable society. Baroudi by taking advantage of the common and consistent taste and following the critics of the West deals with the affairs of the people and corrects the shortcomings of the society. Like Farrokhi Yazdi, he focuses on issues such as justice, homeland, abandonment of humiliation, attention to poverty, opposition to oppression, and invitation to learning science as the central themes of his poems. This research seeks to analyze the social perspective and signs of innovation by descriptive-analytical method by mentioning the sample and at the end expresse the similarities and differences of each in this regard. Manuscript profile -
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119 - Quranism of the Second Generation of Iranian Religious Modernists Emphasizing the Views and Ideas of Seyyed Assadollah Kharghani and Shariat Sangalji
Seyed mohamad Ebrahimi hoseini aliasgar davoodi Seed GazeraniReligious modernity in contemporary Iran has experienced four different generations since its inception: the first generation from the constitutional period to the beginning of Reza Shah, the second generation from the first Pahlavi period to the early 1330s, the third MoreReligious modernity in contemporary Iran has experienced four different generations since its inception: the first generation from the constitutional period to the beginning of Reza Shah, the second generation from the first Pahlavi period to the early 1330s, the third generation from the coup d'état of 28 August 1332 to the Islamic Revolution, And the fourth generation from the 1360s until now. This article, which is organized by library method and descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the question of which of these four generations has had a vital and special impact on the continuation of religious modernity in Iran. The findings confirm that the modernist ideas of the first generation, at the same time, came to an end with the decline of the Constitution; But the second generation, whose Qur'anic character was more prominent than its other intellectual features, although its innovative endeavors did not bear much fruit due to the political conditions prevailing during Reza Shah, opened the way for the third and fourth generations to continue the path of religious modernity in Iran. In other words, the influence of the second generation of religious modernity is doubly important because it paved the way for religious modernity by relying on Qur'anicism and led to the emergence of religious thought in the following decades. Manuscript profile -
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120 - A study on Fiction Writing Modern Techniques in Holy Quran Stories
Mohammadreza fereydooni Seyyed Mehrdad MousavianQuran is a book full of blessings and guidance, May God blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) has been sent down to meditate and think about all the revelations and wisdom from the facts that are mentioned. One of the most surprising and good practices in orde MoreQuran is a book full of blessings and guidance, May God blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) has been sent down to meditate and think about all the revelations and wisdom from the facts that are mentioned. One of the most surprising and good practices in order to convey profound inner Quran is the enjoyment of the story. The most mot literature, the most enchanting art of writing fiction in a vast arena in terms of form and structure are manifesting. The note is that the techniques that are applied in today's modern fiction writings were not of importance in recent decades in the classical style of storytelling The present paper aims to express some of the techniques of modern fiction writing compared to the stories of the Holy Quran in order to clarify Quran's greatness versus fiction literature. Manuscript profile -
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121 - An Analytical Study on Omanism Consequences from Allameh Tabatabaei View by Emphasizing Tafsir Al Mizan
Parvin Nikseresht Seyyedeh Fatemeh TabatabaeiOmanism is any philosophical, political, ethical or social system in which the main and central core is the human being. This school calls human to pay attention to his own existence; the fanatic form ignores any metaphysical thinking. This attitude combines with ethica MoreOmanism is any philosophical, political, ethical or social system in which the main and central core is the human being. This school calls human to pay attention to his own existence; the fanatic form ignores any metaphysical thinking. This attitude combines with ethical and religious values. Thus studying this school is of special importance. The main aim of this article is to analyze omanism consequences from Allameh Tabatabaei view by emphasizing Tafsir Al Mizan; the method is descriptive – analytical. He believes that there is no conflict between human nature and belief in God, but the human nature is the result of his belief. If there is no believe in Resurrection, no power can prevent human of vice. Manuscript profile -
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122 - The Omani women's society between tradition and modernity in the novel "Women of the Moon" by Jokha Al-Harethi
Zohreh Ghorbanimadavani Leila Sadegh NaghdealiIn contemporary literature, addressing social, cultural, historical, and political issues, including the struggle between tradition and modernity, has been significantly reflected. Among literary genres, the novel is considered as the best format for narrating such issu MoreIn contemporary literature, addressing social, cultural, historical, and political issues, including the struggle between tradition and modernity, has been significantly reflected. Among literary genres, the novel is considered as the best format for narrating such issues. One of these narratives is the novel " Sayyedat al-Qamar " by Jokhah al-Harethi, which is written in the style of socio-historical realism and in which the lives of the characters are beautifully depicted on the two orbits of tradition and modernity. The author describes the Omani society in the transition from a traditional system to a modern system based on the depiction of the families of Azzan, his wife Salemah, and his daughters Miya, Asma and Kholeh, London (Miya's daughter), the family of Ankabooteh and Zarifeh (maid), Najiya (Azzan's mistress). Characters are receptive to modernity (Kholeh, London and Najiya) and are considered to represent the mentality and behavior of modernity, and characters are left in their traditional thoughts and can not accept modernity (Salemah, Ankabooteh, Zarifeh). This research deals with the descriptive-analytical method and relying on the theory of dual confrontations to the confrontations of female characters on the focus of choice in marriage, child name, place of delivery, tolerance with spouse or divorce, etc. The findings of the study indicate that ancient Oman was dominated by hegemony of tradition and patriarchal system, an issue that has faded in modern and developing Oman. Manuscript profile -
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123 - A social view of mixing the Iraqi novel and violence, the "alkaferah" novel by Ali Badr as a model
حسن مجیدی حسن jafarnejadThe novel "alkaferah" is the twelfth of the Iraqi writer's series of novels. Ali Badr, Badr touched on the political conditions and the crisis social issues in Iraq at the present time, so that the addressee absorbed the suffering of the people, social problems and the MoreThe novel "alkaferah" is the twelfth of the Iraqi writer's series of novels. Ali Badr, Badr touched on the political conditions and the crisis social issues in Iraq at the present time, so that the addressee absorbed the suffering of the people, social problems and the events of the country. The study focused on revealing the dominant violence and barbarism and its profound impact on the Iraqi street.. This study, depending on the social method, seeks to study the “infidel” novel, where the novel focused on the outbreak of the ongoing war, terrorism, violence and insecurity, and thus on the basic issues in the life of the defeated Iraqi individual. On his issues ranging from betrayal, aggression, alienation, chaos, prejudice and gender inequality to suicide, the writer highlights the phenomenon of violence in his novel and expresses it in various ways. The novel in general highlights reality and social issues; The book is based on an in-depth examination of the personality of the individual and Iraqi society; It expresses the details of this society; Identifies its shortcomings and shortcomings; He mentions the types of violence in the novel. From the writer’s point of view, avoiding violence and altars can only be achieved if the society is cohesive, cohesive and socially harmonious, in which it criticizes in particular the surrounding social situation and social conditions, as well as the current realities of Iraqi society, the suffering of the working classes and the inferiority of society, Manuscript profile -
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124 - Meta-poetry in Contemporary Arabic Poetry
hosein taktabar Rewaa MaawnaThis article aims to show that the poet is the son of his environment, and his tools and poetic themes must stem from that environment, whether he likes it or not. Our goal is to study the civilizational development and its impact on the poet's thought and the impact of MoreThis article aims to show that the poet is the son of his environment, and his tools and poetic themes must stem from that environment, whether he likes it or not. Our goal is to study the civilizational development and its impact on the poet's thought and the impact of social, political and economic life, that most of the poetry was speaking about the life lived by the poet and the extent of its impact on the poet and society in general.We also note that the study of concepts, terms and meanings has dominated a wide area in Arab and non-Arab criticism, and each group is interested in presenting the juice of their thought about a specific meaning.In this article, we relied on the thematic, semantic and semiotic approach, on a careful consideration of the deep, not superficial, transformations taking place in Arabic poetry, which can be included in the section of modernity. Poetry and how to choose poetic tools and how to use themThis thesis is distinguished from others in that it dealt with metacharism by addressing Arab poets from several countries and different social conditions, cultures and religions that had not previously been collected in similar previous studies.The findings of this thesis in studying several fields of poets of the modern era by renewing the language in the light of a new experience and a new understanding of the poet's life and experience. Manuscript profile -
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125 - The Influence of Abu Ali Farsi on Literary Criticism and Contemporary Critical Theories
Sajjad Arabi Marzieh Kohandel Mohammad Reza SalariAbu Ali Farsi was one of the scholars of Arabic language and grammar in the Abbasid era that paid great attention to the sciences of the Qur'an, especially the seven recitations of the Qur'an, and this led him to offer influential views in the fields of syntax, rhetoric MoreAbu Ali Farsi was one of the scholars of Arabic language and grammar in the Abbasid era that paid great attention to the sciences of the Qur'an, especially the seven recitations of the Qur'an, and this led him to offer influential views in the fields of syntax, rhetoric and lexicography. These views had a significant contribution to the development of various sciences, including literary criticism, and hypothesize the influence of Abu Ali on the emergence and expansion of influential theories in the field of literary criticism. In this way, in this article, it is tried to study the influence of Abu Ali Farsi on the emergence of two theories of syntactic criticism and the theory of interpretation or hermeneutics based on descriptive-analytical method with the aim of explaining the role of this world of syntax in literary criticism. The results of the research showed the high influence of Abu Ali Farsi in the theories of literary criticism, especially the theory of syntactic criticism and hermeneutic theory. The roots of these two theories can be seen in the views of Abu Ali Farsi. Abu Ali Farsi's influence on the theory of syntactic critique originates from his high influence on sciences such as philosophy, logic, and his extensive use of rational analogy and reasoning and contemplation. It is possible to deduce some of the views of the pioneers of the new hermeneutic theory in the West, such as Schleiermacher, Gadamer and Dilthey in the views of Abu Ali Farsi, especially in explaining the readings of the Qur'an. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Analysis of the narrative technique of "short connection" in the novel "Al Farashe Zarqa" by Rabi Jaber
Fatemeh Abbasi Hafeshjani Leila Ghasemi Hajiabadi tahere chaldarePara-narrative is one of the most obvious styles of post-modern story writing. As its title suggests, it has been used to transition from a normal narrative to an innovative and unconventional one. In this postmodern method, which was proposed by writers from the last d MorePara-narrative is one of the most obvious styles of post-modern story writing. As its title suggests, it has been used to transition from a normal narrative to an innovative and unconventional one. In this postmodern method, which was proposed by writers from the last decades of the 20th century to breathe a new spirit into the novel, various and numerous contemporary components are used, the most important and prominent of which is "short connection", which means creating a triangular and triangular connection between the author. The audience is the author of the story and the author of the character. This article discusses the wide use of postmodern techniques in Rabi Jaber's fictional works and analyzes this technique in the author's novel "Al Farasha Zarqa" to show how contemporary Arab novelists, according to the stylistic requirements and literary currents of the world, use this method technically and Industrialists are employed. The result shows that Rabi Jaber has used this method in the mentioned novel for innovation, dynamism and creation of a new and new narrative, as well as introducing important and modern themes and breaking the old taboos of the classic novel and blurring the border between fantasy and reality. It should be noted that the method used in this research is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Curriculum Vitae and its Evolution in Arabic literature
Seyyed Ebrahim ArmanArabic prose passed during its development through different stages; and Arabic literature in general was a pad of the types of literary that emerged for it in the present era in the field of principles and rules. Some believe that the literary genres and systems pro MoreArabic prose passed during its development through different stages; and Arabic literature in general was a pad of the types of literary that emerged for it in the present era in the field of principles and rules. Some believe that the literary genres and systems prose are taken from the West. While if we look closely, we find models of them in the old Arab literature, though contemporary men of letters were affected by the West in some of its elements. The biographies and memoirs are considered of the old prose types in the world literature in general and in the Arab literature from the special viewpoint because it is as old as the human, and The CV is one of the divisions of biographies and memoirs, the author of what lists the stages of his/her personal life with his/her pen. This article aims to study this prose art over its originality in Arabic literature pointing to the most outstanding models for this literary art and its pioneers since the past centuries until the modern era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Sea and Seashore's Motif in Mohammad Javad Al Jazayeri's Diwan
Nafiseh Haji Rajabi Hassan AbdollahiMotif means theme in literature or frequent subject, term, factor or motivation in literary works. Motif includes mysterious indications and hints in literary works which have close relationship with poet's thoughts, ideas and spirit. Motif has been appeared in various MoreMotif means theme in literature or frequent subject, term, factor or motivation in literary works. Motif includes mysterious indications and hints in literary works which have close relationship with poet's thoughts, ideas and spirit. Motif has been appeared in various forms such as concepts, terms and mysteries in Iraqi poet's works – Mohammad Javad Al Jazayeri. Two important mysterious motifs which are applicable to express philosophical issues and own semantic indications are "Sea" and "Seashore" motifs and related issues. The mentioned terms have been entered in his poetries widely in order to offer new ideas and indications. Sea possesses various associations and manifestations in Al Jazayeri's pictorial language which human's soul, this world and nature amongst all. Seashore also indicates general existence, this world, past and future and specific natural creatures. The present article intends to way of applying the abovementioned terms and their implications based on descriptive – analytical method according to poet's experiences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - The Invocation of Poetic Figures in Mahmoud Darwish’s Poetry
Ali Nazary Yunes ValyeeTradition has primary importance in Modern Arabic poetry, and invoking traditional elements is a remarkably invaluable poetic source. Tradition has many resources among which literary tradition is a rich storehouseon whichpoets deeply rely. Literary tradition contains m MoreTradition has primary importance in Modern Arabic poetry, and invoking traditional elements is a remarkably invaluable poetic source. Tradition has many resources among which literary tradition is a rich storehouseon whichpoets deeply rely. Literary tradition contains many elements among which poetic figures are probably the most influential and inspirational. This article attempts to study the poetic figures invoked by Mahmoud Darwish. Darwish invokes like-minded poets who have undergone similar experience.Among the poets invoked by Darwish, one can name Imru' al-Qais, Djamil bin Ma‘mar, al-Mutanabbi, Abu Firas, among many others. These figures are placedin two frameworks: in the first oneas minor characters,and in the second one as main characters in a certain ode. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Modernity Manifestations in Amal Donqol's poetry
Hossein Elyasi Ali Akbar Moradian QobadiTitle is of special importance to semioticians. It is the main text and the paragraphs are derived from the main title. The relationship between the title and the phrases of the ode ore harmonized and are of cohesion and coherence. The title expresses all reasons of the MoreTitle is of special importance to semioticians. It is the main text and the paragraphs are derived from the main title. The relationship between the title and the phrases of the ode ore harmonized and are of cohesion and coherence. The title expresses all reasons of the poet text and the verses only proof the title. Following the traditions is one of the most important techniques that a poet applies it in his poetry and makes his poet more active. The present paper studies the applied techniques in Amal Donqol's poetries in order to clarify this strategy's role in the poets' text and in depicting the poet's feelings and emotions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Modernism and Innovation in the Book Al-Badii by Ibn Muttaz
Sadegh Ebrahimi Kavari Rahime CholanianOne of the most important stages in the development of nations’ literature and language is the stage of systemization. No nation could step into this stage unless its literature and language has matured. Many scholars and literary men with different MoreOne of the most important stages in the development of nations’ literature and language is the stage of systemization. No nation could step into this stage unless its literature and language has matured. Many scholars and literary men with different scientific status have mentioned his fact in their works. One of these scholars is Abdullah Ibn Muttaz. In the introduction to his book named “Kitab Al-Badii”, he states: “no one has collected the new and wonderful figures of speech before me and no writer has taken the lead to write down on this subject”. His work has elements of innovation and modernity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - The Methodology of Al – Behar and Darvish Odes by Khalil Havi
Seyyed Ismael Hosseini Ajdad Maghsoud Bakhshesh Shahram DelshadLiterary texts critics in the contemporary era have had an outstanding development. Schools and critical approaches have been created in this regard such as structuralism, deconstruction or the attitudes which pay attention to reader’s reading. These attitudes do MoreLiterary texts critics in the contemporary era have had an outstanding development. Schools and critical approaches have been created in this regard such as structuralism, deconstruction or the attitudes which pay attention to reader’s reading. These attitudes do not belong to new text but belongs to the ancient ones as well. One of these schools was structuralism which its consequent was methodology. Methodology which derives from structuralism studies the general structure of text in different layers such as vocal, syntax and eloquence. The present paper shows an analysis from “navigator and mendicant” by Khalil Havi based on methodology layers. The results show that all the layers interpretation has contradicts but the poet could bring a harmony in the ode. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Farsighted Approach of Sheikh Mohammad Bashir Ibrahimiabout Revival of Arabic Language in Algeria
Hayat Amare Maryam JalaeiSheikh Mohammad Bashir Ibrahimi is one of the renowned performers of Algeria. He is also known in literature field and one of the famous writers in the country. For releasing people of Algeria, he established a terrific culture structure not only to revive freedom of Al MoreSheikh Mohammad Bashir Ibrahimi is one of the renowned performers of Algeria. He is also known in literature field and one of the famous writers in the country. For releasing people of Algeria, he established a terrific culture structure not only to revive freedom of Algeria and save it from French colonization but also to return eminent place that Islam had granted to this area. Modernity was initiator of his activities and works. Not surprisingly, he struggles for reviving Arabian language, arranging it with today’s needs and securing it from decline and rollback; as a result, world of Islam, especially society of Arabs, would be secured from falling of Arabic culture and national identity, because language is the container of thought and culture. Hence, in present research, we review Sheikh Ibrahimi’s modern thoughts about Arabic language by descriptive analysis method to explain his insight. The most important result of the study is that Ibrahimi believes that arrangement of Arabic language with today’s development and problems and of course without separating it from ancestors’ values and heritage will result in revival and development of Arabic language at present time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - A Study on Persian and Arabic Contemporary Poetry
Seyyed Soleiman Sadat AshkevarTraditionalists of European literature in the sixteenth century AD, were trying to restore that literary heritage due to technical and human theme of the ancient Greek literature since modernists began to confront the traditionalists by the the end of the seventeenth ce MoreTraditionalists of European literature in the sixteenth century AD, were trying to restore that literary heritage due to technical and human theme of the ancient Greek literature since modernists began to confront the traditionalists by the the end of the seventeenth century and invited them to avoid old formats and to define literature and poetry in another way. Since then, Persian and Arabic literature experienced changes that the main parts followed the West and its literary works. Literary and critical populations such as Jamaal Diwan and Apollo in the Arabic East and Ghalam literary forum and Andolos in the west rose against traditionalists and their literary works as, in Iran, many poets like Bahar, Adibolmamalek and others invited to new themes and subsequently Nimā Yushij established a new era in poetry. Poem from the modernists’ point of view is derived from an independent character. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - A Comparative Study of the Origins and Effects of Estrangement and Alienation in Arabic Literature
hosein shams abadi mehdi momtahenAbstract: Both estrangement and alienation press in certain mental and physical complications in man’s life and force him to experience mental deficiency, and feel a lack of positive communal or individual sense of belonging. However, the Jahili sense of these te MoreAbstract: Both estrangement and alienation press in certain mental and physical complications in man’s life and force him to experience mental deficiency, and feel a lack of positive communal or individual sense of belonging. However, the Jahili sense of these terms is quite different from their modern application. In the Jahili period, old age and senility are the main reasons for such inconveniences which would well reverberate all through a poet’s being and work. These poets, then, would treat their problems in peculiar ways. Some would surrender and some would violently push themselves and their poetic expression to extreme limits. Introversion and extroversion are the key moves assumed by either group. However, modern Arab writers, unlike their Jahili counterparts, experienced imperial and colonial hegemony since the beginning of the 17th century, and were introduced to extreme changes in life style and world views. This overwhelming alien influence has been remodeled in the form of a more repressing global force. The crushing mark of such influences has led to great waves of migration and self-denial among Muslim and Arab elites who have failed to reconcile themselves with a heritage and legacy once firmly established in the spirit of human life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - The Expatriation with Nazok al Malaekat
mehdi Momtahen Hosein Shams AbadiIf we take the concept of Expatriation in a broad sense, we find that it had accompanied man since ancient, ///And its guidelines has been clarified in the first instance through the binaries shown in character and subject, and thought and existence, as w MoreIf we take the concept of Expatriation in a broad sense, we find that it had accompanied man since ancient, ///And its guidelines has been clarified in the first instance through the binaries shown in character and subject, and thought and existence, as well as nature and spirit./// This is, in the fact of its essence, and that is not unless logical consequence of the previous equation that is called the "unity of thought and existence."/// If we come to the medieval world, we'll see that it is to take the religious character "indicating the theory of creation from the nothingness accompanied by the care"/// And the theory of creation out of nothing, is "an expression of absolute power."/// As "care" refers to superiority of human, and to distinguish man from all other creatures./// Hence arose a new bilateral that is "God and Science" the biggest share in the Islamic concept to a vast extent./// If we look for the dimensions of the experience of alienation with Nazok al Malaekat through her biography, and prose and poetry in an era more than a third of a century, we find that Nazok al Malaekat has gone through several types of alienations/// Each has its own nature and distinguished character, according to the technical phase that the poet was going through. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Mask of Khayyam and its Meanings for Abd al-Wahhab Al-Bayati
Zohreh Qorbani MadavaniMask and cover technique is known as one of the mystery’s types and is a tool that give opportunity to poets to express their experiments indirectly. Bayati could be known as the pioneer in Arabic contemporary poetry; skilled and capable poet in applying cover tec MoreMask and cover technique is known as one of the mystery’s types and is a tool that give opportunity to poets to express their experiments indirectly. Bayati could be known as the pioneer in Arabic contemporary poetry; skilled and capable poet in applying cover technique. He creates images full of human emotions and feelings as well as great values; he gets help of ancient heritage, Arabic myths and contemporary Iranian characters; one of these characters was Khayyam. Therefore this article seeks to study cover technique for Al Bayati. The method of the research is descriptive – analytical. One of the outcomes of this article is that Bayati exaggerates time and place in applying cover; he gets distance of himself in order to say his audience his difference with others who apply the mentioned technique. Khayyam’s Mask is a mystery to express contemporary human’s issues and unwrap political and social thoughts indirectly. Thus Khayyam is same as Bayati and as a revolutionist tries to reform his society which was full of foolishness and darkness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - A Glimpse at the Advent and Evolution of the Arabic Novel
Mohammadhadi Moradi Azad Moonesi Ghader Ghaderi Rahim KhakpoorSince its advent in 1867,the Arabic novel has been under the influence of two factors. One factor is longing for the past, the other one is infatuation with the west and submission to its hegemony. In early 20th century, some novels were written in response to public ta MoreSince its advent in 1867,the Arabic novel has been under the influence of two factors. One factor is longing for the past, the other one is infatuation with the west and submission to its hegemony. In early 20th century, some novels were written in response to public taste and Arab culture. This novel is considered by critics of fiction to be a turning point in the path of Arabic fiction. At the same time western standards and rules were copied in the composition of novels. However the Arabic novel entered its major phase of development in the 1960’s. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - A Study of Literary Theory in Al Divan Poetry
Ali pirani Shal Fatemeh AliyanDivan School played an important role in modernism and modernity which were comprehensive in the early twentieth century. By a brief look at the poetries and odes it is founded that the school was about to found a new plan which weren't different from the classic poetry MoreDivan School played an important role in modernism and modernity which were comprehensive in the early twentieth century. By a brief look at the poetries and odes it is founded that the school was about to found a new plan which weren't different from the classic poetry. One of the technical features is the simultaneous presence of English culture beside the Arabic. From their point of view the poetry is in the human nature and is inside his thoughts and manners in a way that it closes them to the romanticism poets. The main elements of this kind of poetry are emotion, thought, music and integrity; a routine attempt in content cohesion can be seen as well in a way that the attention to the structure has been lost. The criticism principles in their literary works is significant; it is remarkable to state that beside the similarities the noteworthy differences are outstanding in their approaches and views. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - ISIS: An Actor with Pre-Modern Thought and Ultra- Modern Instruments
masoud motallebi لیلی حیدریIslamic group Isis is one of the most important salafi That has been able to dominate parts of Iraq and Syria in short time and be in focus of regional and international change. ISIS can be seen as an extreme actors in search of redemption, rescues and returns to the in MoreIslamic group Isis is one of the most important salafi That has been able to dominate parts of Iraq and Syria in short time and be in focus of regional and international change. ISIS can be seen as an extreme actors in search of redemption, rescues and returns to the initial ideals of Islam.This group consider itself as a identity phenomenon with task of reviving the Islamic caliphate and Emarat and the restoration of Sunni glory. Isis is also an example of new terrorist groups, transnational and global nature, that emphases on terror and violence,it has transcend modern, state-centered, materialistic interests and seeking confined to the boundaries passed and focuses on identity claim is global. The main problem of the present article is manifested in question ” how actors is Isis intellectually and how uses cyberspace in order to advance it is goals?” . The proposed hypotheses is "Isis, although is intellectually pre –modern but is a typical of post-modern terrorism in virtual space that uses it is facilities in order to introduce itself and to make terrorist network to creat"Islamic caliphate" Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Political-Social Achievements of Religious Intellectualism in Iran and Egypt
Ebrahim Qasempoor Aliakbar Amini Morteza ManshadiThe present study, relying on the ideas of some religious intellectuals such as Seyyed Jamāl as a theorist of religious intellectualism in the Islamic world including Iran and Egypt, 'Allāma Nā'ini as an Iranian reformist intellectual, and Sheykh Mohammad 'Abdah as an E MoreThe present study, relying on the ideas of some religious intellectuals such as Seyyed Jamāl as a theorist of religious intellectualism in the Islamic world including Iran and Egypt, 'Allāma Nā'ini as an Iranian reformist intellectual, and Sheykh Mohammad 'Abdah as an Egyptian reformist, aims to answer what were the political-social achievements of religious intellectual movement in Iran and Egypt. The method of study was descriptive analysis and the results showed that religious intellectualism in the 19th century Iran has had some achievements in Iran like propagating rationalism, and creating modern structures such as parliament, law, and court. It also has brought about some outcomes in Egypt, like propagating rationalism, starting reformism, modernism movement and its manifestations such as newspapers and new schools, changing the attitude to women's rights, nationalism, and secularism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Parameters of Seminary Sciences Balanced with Revolutionary Seminary (Hawzeh)
سید سجاد ایزدهیSeminary is recognized as a forerunning and pioneering institution in Islamic education. Since early Islam, Seminaries have been formed for “education” and somehow leadership of Muslim community for better recognition of religion and its practice; this role, MoreSeminary is recognized as a forerunning and pioneering institution in Islamic education. Since early Islam, Seminaries have been formed for “education” and somehow leadership of Muslim community for better recognition of religion and its practice; this role, as a matter of time, has been widely expanded particularly when the Islamic Revolution came into existence. Seminaries are included among the effective institutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran; therefore, it is expected that it plays a civilization-making role. Considering the increased responsibilities of seminaries, after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, this institution must revolutionarily appear at the campaigning scene and in addition to learning role, it shall move towards teaching, ethics and knowledge-orientation and present strategies to achieve this aim. If it fails to do so, it will be disintegrated because man has experienced ideological and mental gap after humanism, which has provided seminaries with opportunities in this regard. This article mainly raises the question that “what qualifications should revolutionary seminary have to achieve the Islamic civilization and its leadership”? In response, it can be said that revolutionary seminary, as an important and rooted institution in Islam and Iran which has been origin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and considering the gap humanism faces can appear at the scene with triangle of knowledge, ethics and revolutionary action and present strategies for reaching modern Islamic civilization. This paper is being prepared based an analytic-descriptive methodology, library and documentary sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - A History of Distributional Development and Accumulative Development (A Study on Two Approaches toward Development:Islamic and Modernization of the Old)
Ali Shirkhani Fatemeh MirabbasiDevelopment and modernization have a history as long as the human history; however, the relevant theoretical discussions and theorizations formed mostly after w MoreDevelopment and modernization have a history as long as the human history; however, the relevant theoretical discussions and theorizations formed mostly after world war the second. Just the same, the relationship and association of these issues with the religious instructions, particularly the Shiite ones, have remained ambiguous. Of course, some suggestions have been presented after the Islamic revolution in this regard; however, they are not enough. Therefore, the questionswhich still remain to be answered are whether there are any views concerning the issue of the theoretical development; and how they differ from the western views. It seems that the development model based on the previous modernization theories, which believed in the principle of the contrast between the traditionalism and modernism, are based on accumulation of wealth, and the first principle to be considered for them is negligence toward justice. However, the Shiite Islamic approach relies on distribution of the wealth and it emphasizes on the flow of the wealth, growth and development. The present article is the report of a comparative study of two development approaches, i.e. distributional and accumulative. The distributional model is based on the divine‐Islamic values; however, the western development model is based on discovering the nature in order to manipulate it, and it is a materialist approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Revolutionary Seminary and Leadership of Modern Islamic Civilization
علی شیرخانیSeminary is recognized as a forerunning and pioneering institution in Islamic education. Since early Islam, Seminaries have been formed for “education” and somehow leadership of Muslim community for better recognition of religion and its practice; this role, MoreSeminary is recognized as a forerunning and pioneering institution in Islamic education. Since early Islam, Seminaries have been formed for “education” and somehow leadership of Muslim community for better recognition of religion and its practice; this role, as a matter of time, has been widely expanded particularly when the Islamic Revolution came into existence. Seminaries are included among the effective institutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran; therefore, it is expected that it plays a civilization-making role. Considering the increased responsibilities of seminaries, after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, this institution must revolutionarily appear at the campaigning scene and in addition to learning role, it shall move towards teaching, ethics and knowledge-orientation and present strategies to achieve this aim. If it fails to do so, it will be disintegrated because man has experienced ideological and mental gap after humanism, which has provided seminaries with opportunities in this regard. This article mainly raises the question that “what qualifications should revolutionary seminary have to achieve the Islamic civilization and its leadership”? In response, it can be said that revolutionary seminary, as an important and rooted institution in Islam and Iran which has been origin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran and considering the gap humanism faces can appear at the scene with triangle of knowledge, ethics and revolutionary action and present strategies for reaching modern Islamic civilization. This paper is being prepared based an analytic-descriptive methodology, library and documentary sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - The Analysis of the Political Discourse of Dialogic Intellectuals: From Presenting to Criticizing Intra‐discourse
Mohammd PezeshgiThe political thought of Iran can be divided into two parts: the old and the new. The new era of the Iranian poliƟcal thought started 150 years a MoreThe political thought of Iran can be divided into two parts: the old and the new. The new era of the Iranian poliƟcal thought started 150 years ago. During this 150‐year‐old period, Iran has witnessed three strands to its political thought. First, developmentalist political thought, which started with Iranians’ familiarity with the West and lasted until the World War II. That strand to the political thought in that time was mainly concerned with compensation for political retardation, development through constitutionalism and the establishment of a constitutional government. The second was the identitist political thought, which started from the World War II and still continues. This strand is primarily involved in creating the Iranian identity in general and the political identity in particular. The third is the contemporary political thought, which has focused on the issues of tradition and modernity and academic intermixture of the two. This thought was brought up by a group of Iranian intellectuals in the 1370s. The present paper tries to idenƟfy this new poliƟcal thought in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - “Religious minimalists” and “Religious Maximalists”: Diversity in the New Political Thoughts in the Islamic World
KHadijeh Mohammadpour marzbali farzad hosseiniThe present research aims to investigate the categorizations plan of political thoughts in the Islamic world based on the proportion and position of “religion” in “modern government” as a basis for classifying the new thoughts in the Islamic worl MoreThe present research aims to investigate the categorizations plan of political thoughts in the Islamic world based on the proportion and position of “religion” in “modern government” as a basis for classifying the new thoughts in the Islamic world. The categorizations include the ratio of Sharia to rule in the government, the validation of political wisdom and legacy integration. A descriptive-analytical research method is applied. The results show that “religious minimalists” consider the minimal role for religion and religious traditions for the government and take the modern religion and government as a barrier to aggregate and give the priority to the government to manage these world's affairs. “Religious maximalists” consider widely proportion for religion and divine traditions in the government and they don't separate current and second world that manage them by two distinct institutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Modernity, Globalization and Prevalence of Postmodern Terrorism
Seyyed Mohsen Al‐e Ghafour Reza SadeqiyanIn order to understand the terrorism in the age of globalization and the relationship between the two, one needs to consider the changes in the thought&nb MoreIn order to understand the terrorism in the age of globalization and the relationship between the two, one needs to consider the changes in the thought framework of modernity. Modernity is not the only element for the appearance of terrorist groups; rather it is one of the major elements for the manifestation of postmodern terrorism. In a general classification, three kinds of terrorism can be perceived: traditional, modern and postmodern terrorisms. The approach of the traditional terrorism varies from the approaches of the modern and postmodern terrorisms. The modern and postmodern terrorisms are the result of changes following the growing trend of modernity and hence the globalization. In all of the activities of these two types, one can notice signs of enmity with globalization; however, the traditional terrorists acted differently. The goals of the traditional terrorists have been limited. However, the modern and postmodern terrorists aim at goals which go beyond outstanding governmental characters. This resembles the modernity thought which does not accept anything which brings about limitation. This article intends to show that the modern and postmodern terrorisms are a reaction to the consequences of modernity and globalization. In other words, the modern and postmodern terrorisms are the products of the modern period and are one of the major crises of modernity and globalization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Role of Revolutionary Seminary in Modern Islamic Civilization with an Emphasis of Ideas of Hazrat Ayatollah Khamenei (May he Have Increasing Honor)
غلامرضا ضابط پور کاریModern Islamic civilization is in fact a macro-strategy that is situated within deep awakening and Islamic movements, particularly the Islamic Revolution and the Muslim world has the capacity and pure Islamic thought has the competence to keep this civilization with all MoreModern Islamic civilization is in fact a macro-strategy that is situated within deep awakening and Islamic movements, particularly the Islamic Revolution and the Muslim world has the capacity and pure Islamic thought has the competence to keep this civilization with all dimensions and angles established. The main question of this paper is that “what role does seminary play in forming and dynamic shaping of modern Islamic civilization?” the article hypothesizes that it up to seminary to engineer modern Islamic civilization, educate managers and agents involved. In other words, revolutionary seminary and perspective ahead is materialization of modern Islamic civilization which is not made possible without seminaries having a part to play. The most significant role of seminary in achievement of modern Islamic civilization obtained in this research are: 1. Efficient and conceptual elucidation of frameworks, goals and models monitoring modern Islamic civilization based on which its achievement demands an epistemological system which has Islamic learnings in focus; 2. Paving the ground for emergence of Imam of the Age (may Allah hasten his emergence); 3. Providing capacities and cherishing efficient forces in proportion to revolutionary mission are included among other requirements for materializing the modern Islamic civilization. Hence, establishment of modern Islamic civilization and as a result, transformation of the western material culture into Islamic civilization remain collateral to resolution of civilization, Islamization, society and Islamic state, which with no doubt will be bridged through seminaries and government provided they remain revolutionary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Simin Behbahani's Artistic Connection and Confrontation with Self, Others and the Environment in Modern Nimaian Poems
Parnia Aman Hadi Heydariania Mahmoud SadeghzadehModern sonnet is a new type of lyric with a new look and modern language that has emerged after the spread of modern poetry in the Iranian literary community. Simin Behbahani has introduced herself as one of the diligent pioneers of this poetic form with works such as: MoreModern sonnet is a new type of lyric with a new look and modern language that has emerged after the spread of modern poetry in the Iranian literary community. Simin Behbahani has introduced herself as one of the diligent pioneers of this poetic form with works such as: "Novelties", "Line of Speed and Fire", "Arjan Plain", "A Window of Freedom" and "One, for example". Considering the effect of Nima's poetry on the emergence of new sonnets and the Simin’s new rendition in this type of sonnet, Nima's influence on Simin’s poetry cannot be ignored. In this research, the author has employed a descriptive-analytical method and library materials to examine Simin Behbahani's attitude towards herself, others and her environment in modern Nimai lyric poems. By examining such poems by Simin, it is concluded that Simin’s modern sonnet has combined forms for the romantic expression of social issues. Simin, with her numerous poems, has proved that many of the principles of Nimaian poetry can be applied in sonnets; According to the principle of poetic self-examination, in Simin Behbahani's new sonnets, there is no distance between the poet and her poetry. She is a socialist poet and similar to Nima has addressed current current social issues in her poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - From Postmodernism to Neo-realism in Julian Barnes’ Flaubert Parrot and The Only Story
Masoumeh Bakhtiari Leila Baradaran Jamili Bahman ZaarinjooeeAs a dominant tradition in writing, postmodernism was widely embraced during mid and late twentieth century. Many contemporary authors, and in particular some British authors, deemed postmodernism as alien to their own traditional modes of writing. Julian Barnes, the co MoreAs a dominant tradition in writing, postmodernism was widely embraced during mid and late twentieth century. Many contemporary authors, and in particular some British authors, deemed postmodernism as alien to their own traditional modes of writing. Julian Barnes, the contemporary British author who once hailed postmodernism in his writings critically challenged and opposed it. The present research is an attempt to critically and analytically investigate this shift from his postmodern work Flaubert Parrot, to his more recent neo-realistic work The Only Story through the lens of Jacques Ranciere. The main hypothesis is that the late Barnes has truly grasped the dynamic of author-subject as indicated in his return to neo-realism from Postmodern grand narrative. To accomplish this goal the researchers have employed some of Ranciere’s concepts including ‘politics of aesthetics,’ ‘regimes of art,’ ‘distribution and redistribution of sensible’ to scrutinize the causes of this shift and his return to more essentialist and humanistic modes of thought and writing Manuscript profile -
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151 - Defamiliarization of story structures of six post-modern stories in Persian Cotemporary
Faezeh Ahmadi Fatemeh HeydariIn literary sense demfamilirization is the technique of presenting in an unfamiliar way that part of literary concept of the text which is familiar to the audience. This literary technique was initially appeared in the Russian Formalists. In the modern story writing, de MoreIn literary sense demfamilirization is the technique of presenting in an unfamiliar way that part of literary concept of the text which is familiar to the audience. This literary technique was initially appeared in the Russian Formalists. In the modern story writing, defamilirization is expressed through different presentation and usage of the story elements. Postmodern stories in Contemporary Persian stand in an aura of modern features due to the choice of defamilirization in the story elements such as vision, theme, the atmosphere, time, form, tone and different conclusion, forcing the reader to read this story several times in order to be able to understand the writer’s point of view.Based on descriptive and analytical method within library process, this research attempts to know defamilirization of story structures in postmodern stories on one hand and on the other to make a critical review of six stories by” Bijan Najdi”, “ Hadi Khorshahian”, “ Mehdi Yazdani Khorram”,Leila Sadeqi” and examines the constituent elements in them. Manuscript profile -
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152 - A Study and Analysis of the Contrast between Tradition and Modernity in the house of the Edrisis Novel
Mahnaz Abhari Manizhe Falahi Ali EskandariAlizadeh, which has always been considered by critics and readers of fiction since its publication in 1991. This novel, which is dealt with in a realistic style, deserves to be studied and analyzed with various approaches. The present article has undertaken the study of MoreAlizadeh, which has always been considered by critics and readers of fiction since its publication in 1991. This novel, which is dealt with in a realistic style, deserves to be studied and analyzed with various approaches. The present article has undertaken the study of its theme from the point of view of reflection and contrast between tradition and modernism and has tried to study and analyze its content in a descriptive and analytical way in terms of author's confrontation with the category of tradition and modernity. The findings of the article show that while depicting the evolution of the traditional society in which the Idrisis' house is a symbol, the author tries to draw the image and function of totalitarian systems as a symbol of modernity in the inner layers of the story.The author portrays the fate of the characters in the text of the struggles of an evolving period with fluent and enlightened prose and realistic partial writing to show that the path of modernity and the emergence of change in traditional societies without the gradual evolution of these societies and the lack of strong intellectual currents can lead to the establishment of totalitarian authoritarian regimes. Manuscript profile -
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153 - The Study of Elements of Modernism in Asghar Elahi’s Novel Salmargi
Rana Jamshidbeigi Abdolali OveisikahkhaModernism was a literary and artistic reaction to modernity and the resulting changes. It was greatly influenced by new sciences such as psychology that emerged in the late nineteenth century and had a profound effect on the novel, which is one of the most important lit MoreModernism was a literary and artistic reaction to modernity and the resulting changes. It was greatly influenced by new sciences such as psychology that emerged in the late nineteenth century and had a profound effect on the novel, which is one of the most important literary genres, which led to the creation of the modern novel. The modern novel operates differently from the classic novel; In this way, it deals with human beings and their psycho more than anything else, and its authors use new techniques in their works to express their goals, which did not exist in the classic novel. Some Iranian writers have modeled on modern world literature and written valuable works based on the components of this trend. In this research, the author uses the library resources in a descriptive-analytical way to study the components of modernism in Asghar Elahi's novel Salmargi to help introduce modernism and its features more fully and to be one of the most valuable Iranian novels that can serve as a model for authors. The authors aim at introducing the novel as a model for those interested in Iranian novels and scholars of this current and modern Iranian literature. The findings of this study show that Elahi has masterfully used some of the most important components of modernism such as psychological knowledge, dealing with the mind and psyche of characters, fluid stream of consciousness, recreating myths, anti-heroes, multiple narrators, ambiguity, identity, escalation and anti-idealism in his novel. He has created an admirable modernist work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Formative Tricks in the Story of “Bivatan” written by Reza Amirkhani
Manige Farajian Mohtaram Ali Dehghan Ayyoub KoushanFocusing on form and high lighting it has changed in to an advantage for postmodernist authors. The meaning of Form in this trend refers to the format of stating or meaning making method. In this style all the preperations that are at the service MoreFocusing on form and high lighting it has changed in to an advantage for postmodernist authors. The meaning of Form in this trend refers to the format of stating or meaning making method. In this style all the preperations that are at the service of developing a new and original form of representing meaning are considered as the inner aspect of the form and the way words are written on the paper، playing with words، repetition and so on are considered as the outer aspect of the form. Focusing on the outer form sometimes causes the writer to tend to words the formation with an inexcusable excess and to fail to express meaning. Therefore in contemporary criticism، the study and analysis of technics of innovations that theauthor uses for postmodernism meaning making uses for postmodernism meaning making have been at the center of attention.The purpose of this article is to examine the innovative semantic tricks in Amirkhani's "Bivatan". Based on this, recognizing the type of forms and novel forms used in “bivatan” and their effects on the meaning and deepening of content have been the main questions of this research. Examining the elements of the forms and analyzing their roles in highlighting the themes of the story shows that Amirkhani's method was not merely apparent modernization, and he gave a special and thought-provoking depth to the content of the text by dynamically defamiliarizing and highlighting the form. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Checking the "title" in the poems of Ali Baba chahi from Realism to Postmodernism
Ali Mohammadi tahereh ghasemiIranian Contemporary poetry has undergone various developments and has undergone various currents. One of these poetic currents created in the 70th decades is the postmodern poetry that has been developing along with other new trends since the beginning 70th decades to MoreIranian Contemporary poetry has undergone various developments and has undergone various currents. One of these poetic currents created in the 70th decades is the postmodern poetry that has been developing along with other new trends since the beginning 70th decades to the present day, Ali Baba chahi, a contemporary poet and critic, entered the postmodern poetry by nam nam baran, and aghl azabam midahad. At first he started the work of a poet under influenced by Nima and his followers, whose realism and objectivism formed the basis of their work. But gradually, the course of his poetry evolved, and along of this transformation, the titles of his poems also undergone a transformation. In this article, we are looking at the titles of Ali Baba Chahi's poetry from the modernism to postmodernism. If the course of the title of his poetry was examined from the beginning, when he was following Nima until his second poetry era, the postmodern period, we would notice the major changes to these titles. The writers' effort in this study is to answer these questions, what is the quality of relationship between the title of Ali Baba Chahi's lyrics and the lyrics of his poems and is it possible to track and follow his thought and mentality from modernism to postmodernism by the titles of his poetry? Manuscript profile -
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156 - Language as the Representation of Postmodernism in the book “Asfar-eh Kateban” (The books of scribes)
Azardokht Khatibi Rahim Taher Reza FahimiThe Book of Scribes (Asfare Kateban) is a different novel whose summary requires substantial care and attention. The different features of this novel are in harmony with the constituent elements of postmodern stories since it consists of several narrations that are some MoreThe Book of Scribes (Asfare Kateban) is a different novel whose summary requires substantial care and attention. The different features of this novel are in harmony with the constituent elements of postmodern stories since it consists of several narrations that are somehow related to each other. But its beginning and ending are unclear. Its beginning is related to one narration and its end is taken from another narration. There are many contradictions and inconsistencies in its components. Therefore, its audience must be a storyteller, and have a postmodern worldview in order to be able to search for its scattered components. But all this feature can only be transmitted to the audience through language. A language that has its own difficulties. It is not transparent and does not value the boundaries of both time and two-time. The language he wants is both an expression and a means of expression on dream and dream data, nightmares, myths, symbols, illusions and imagination. However, the information in this article is provided in a library style and then described using an analytical method. In general, it seems that the author, with many inter-textual references, tries to turn the reader's attention to mythological, historical, personal, social and psychological issues and to show that man is not alone and from the history of our land, the only voice of tyranny and oppression can be heard. It is always written in the absence of oppressed people. Manuscript profile -
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157 - Poetic Measures in Modern Poetry
Ahmad Zakeri Fatemeh Bafghi ZadehKHKJKHKJ Manuscript profile -
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158 - The influence of eastern thought and mysticism on the works of Henry Miller
shahyar Saadat -
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159 - The Analysis of Modernism Elements in Mahmud Dawlatabadi s Kelidar
alirezam onajati seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni Shamsolhajiyeh ArdalaniFiction which is the product of modernism in turn, has taken a role in reflecting the experience of contrast between tradition and modernity. This research centerpiece is the analysis of modern concepts reflected in Kelidar. Although Kelidar is a local story happened in MoreFiction which is the product of modernism in turn, has taken a role in reflecting the experience of contrast between tradition and modernity. This research centerpiece is the analysis of modern concepts reflected in Kelidar. Although Kelidar is a local story happened in rural locations, but, due to its story and adventures, especially affected by that time social and political events(1946-1948), as like as the inflamed political atmosphere in Iran after the second world war, it can be said that some modernity elements like change and transformation, critical approach to issues, fundamental thoughts, philosophical and anthropological theories, in contrast between tradition and modernity are reflected. The methodology of this research is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies. Manuscript profile -
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160 - Manifestation of Naturalism in Forough Farrokhzad’s Poems
Dr. Reza Sadeqi Shahpar Neda Karimi -
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161 - Comparative analogy of poverty in Nima and Nazek Almalaekeh’s poem
Tahereh Ishany -
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162 - TA Brief study of Form and Content in Persian and Urdu Modern Poetry
Sekandar Abbas Zeydikhh -
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163 - The modernist described in the works of Abootorab Khosravi
hosniyeh nejatzade eedgahi Abolghassem GhavamThe positioning of described in modernist stories is different from the classical stories. In this regard, the techniques, functions, and subjects are also changed. Description in traditional stories is unique to describe concepts and observable. The descriptions struct MoreThe positioning of described in modernist stories is different from the classical stories. In this regard, the techniques, functions, and subjects are also changed. Description in traditional stories is unique to describe concepts and observable. The descriptions structure is built on the basis of actual elements, inclusivism and visual. But in modern works, the descriptions are internalized. These works are more attentive to behaviors than appearance. Modern author pays attention to the secondary and spiritual meanings of the characteristics of individuals and objects that it is the resultant of his philosophical analysis of his subjects. The basis of the descriptions is based on component, subjective and imaginary elements. In this regard, the techniques, functions, and subjects are also changed. The reflections of the works of Abootorab from the perspective of the modern techniques of descriptions such as conflict, obscurity, and reality of providing are for clearer and more accurate representation of the methodology of description. In this study, the description techniques are investigated in method (analytical - descriptive). The main question of this study is based on whether the comparative study of modern and traditional stories can be referred to as a status difference in these two categories? The results of this study show that Khosravi works have the ability to analyze new techniques of descriptive and modern techniques, known as "the modernist described". Manuscript profile -
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164 - An analysis of post-modern tendencies in Reza Baraheni’s “Daf
Mehdi Abbasi Zahan Farzan SojoudiReza Baraheni’s “Daf” – the first in his collection of poems, Addressing Butterflies – represents a part of recent challenges in Persian modern poetry, and this research is to identify and analyze the post-modern elements of it. Due to the MoreReza Baraheni’s “Daf” – the first in his collection of poems, Addressing Butterflies – represents a part of recent challenges in Persian modern poetry, and this research is to identify and analyze the post-modern elements of it. Due to the great variety of themes and definitions of post-modernism, the writers have tried to analyze and interpret Baraheni’s poem based on the poetics of one of the trends in American post-modern poetry, i.e. L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E Poem, and theories of Charles Bernstein in order to have applied a more objective method. The study reveals that “Daf” is the textual performance of going beyond the history of Persian poetry to make it free from any limitations. The poet intends to reflect the meaning – or rather the sense of meaning – through producing the sound of daf, and although a number of its lines seem to be far from conveying any meaning, they are not as equal as being nonsense; rather they separate themselves from an exact and accepted meaning. On the other hand, “Daf” is not a narrative poem, for every single line of it opens a new horizon for the readers, making it difficult to guess what would be the next line and where it will end. Altogether, this paper admits and approves some post-modern elements in “Daf”, despite the fact that it can’t be emphatically considered as a post-modern piece of poetry, and classifying it under the category of post-modern poetry is in doubt and contrary to the intellectual exercises and leftist ideas of its composer. Manuscript profile -
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165 - Explaining the mystical atmosphere of Sama and combining it with the art of modern painting
neda bassari aziz hojajjaji kaijough Arash MoshfeghiIn creating a harmony between the atmosphere of mysticism and art, as the seeker as an intuition believes in his own views; The artist will also face such a situation in creating a novel work, and this success also requires achieving a fixed and beloved truth, which in MoreIn creating a harmony between the atmosphere of mysticism and art, as the seeker as an intuition believes in his own views; The artist will also face such a situation in creating a novel work, and this success also requires achieving a fixed and beloved truth, which in the creation of the work of art, the truth that has emerged in this field, has been manifested in the form of a painting. The refinement of the mystical concept of hearing and its morphology in the aesthetic elements of color and painting becomes more expressive when it deals with its combined course with modern painting, and this opportunity, which has been written in a descriptive-analytical method; It takes aesthetics to the point where a more practical axis can be presented. This research, with ideation mixed with the author's imagination and with the guidance of a painter to role his new thoughts and ideas, has been exhibited for the first time along with images that are the creation of the author's creative mind. The ultimate goal of this research is to claim that the artist painter can combine one of the traditions of conduct (hearing) which he has taken from Salaf painters; To depict nature by referring to the appearances of nature symbolically and by mixing religious colors, along with a mystical view of the origin and origin. Manuscript profile -
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166 - Investigating the effect of social capital components on the tendency towards modernity (Case study: Citizens of Gorgan)
Fereshteh badi Alimreza Esmaeili Gholamreza Khoshfar Sedigheh AminianSocial capital has become one of the most important topics among thinkers in various branches of social sciences and humanities in recent decades. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of social capital and its dimensions on the tendency towards modernity MoreSocial capital has become one of the most important topics among thinkers in various branches of social sciences and humanities in recent decades. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of social capital and its dimensions on the tendency towards modernity in Gorgan. The research method was survey, the data were collected by field method, the population included citizens living in Gorgan, 401 of whom were selected and studied by stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by its face validity and reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.879). To test the hypotheses, advanced statistical techniques and methods appropriate to the level of measurement of variables were used. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the components of social capital and the tendency towards modernity among the citizens of Gorgan. Also, the impact of social capital on the tendency towards modernity is greater than economic capital. Coherence is the most important component in social capital and relationalism is the most important dimension in modernity. There is a significant relationship between social capital and its components (trust, participation, security, cohesion) and the tendency towards modernity. The variable of participation has an inverse effect on modernity, there is a significant relationship between the types of social capital (cognitive and structural) and the tendency to modernity, and structural social capital is a more important factor in the changes of modernity. Manuscript profile -
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167 - Critical analysis of gender attitude in political management during Pahlavi period
Sara Soleimani Ahoyi Seyed Mahmoud Nejati Hosseini Sadegh Zibakalamhe political management of women and men is the result of the reproduction of inequalities in which governments play an important role and has a determining feature for the ruling discourses, and women are always the other and the identity maker for men and the factor d Morehe political management of women and men is the result of the reproduction of inequalities in which governments play an important role and has a determining feature for the ruling discourses, and women are always the other and the identity maker for men and the factor determining power and authority. The purpose of this article is to identify the obstacles of women in political management. During the Pahlavi era, with emphasis on the text of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's books and speeches. The research results show that in the modernism of the Pahlavi era, the secularization of the society was carried out on several fronts, the judicial structure was modernized and the new educated lawyers replaced the traditional clerical judges and... in this period, women entered the political literature of Iran for the first time and With the development of basic education as well as higher education for women, the ground for their participation in political and social activities was provided, and women entered the field of political management in political roles such as representing the National Assembly, the Senate, as a minister, and as a judge. This opportunity happened to a certain class of women, and despite the modernization of society, a large part of the society had a traditional attitude and did not participate in these changes. On the other hand, the expected achievements of modernism in western societies, such as feminism, were opposed by the government and ideological definitions were presented for feminism. Manuscript profile -
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168 - Relation of Social Capital and Tendency Towards Modernity (Case of Study: Grogan’s Citizens)
Fereshteh Badi Gholamreza Khosh Far Alireza Esmaili Sedigeh AminianSocial capital has become one of the most important topics among thinkers in various branches of social sciences and humanities in recent decades. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of social capital and its dimensions on the tendency towards modernity MoreSocial capital has become one of the most important topics among thinkers in various branches of social sciences and humanities in recent decades. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of social capital and its dimensions on the tendency towards modernity in Gorgan. The research method was survey, the data were collected by field method, the population included citizens living in Gorgan, 401 of whom were selected and studied by stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by its face validity and reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.879). To test the hypotheses, advanced statistical techniques and methods appropriate to the level of measurement of variables were used. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the components of social capital and the tendency towards modernity among the citizens of Gorgan. Also, the impact of social capital on the tendency towards modernity is greater than economic capital. Coherence is the most important component in social capital and Relationship instead of rules is the most important dimension in modernity. There is a significant relationship between social capital and its components (trust, participation, security, cohesion) and the tendency towards modernity. The variable of participation has an inverse effect on modernity, there is a significant relationship between the types of social capital (cognitive and structural) and the tendency to modernity, and structural social capital is a more important factor in the changes of modernity. There is also a significant relationship between the variables of gender (men), level of education, ethnicity and occupation with the tendency towards modernity, while there is no significant relationship between religion and the tendency towards modernity. Manuscript profile -
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169 - Multiple Beginnings and its Relation to the Novel in the Story of “Endama Tashikh al-Zeab” by Jamal Naji
Reza Nazemian Majid BayatiThe beginning of the novel is the gateway to its world. So this may cause some novelists to stop writing their own novels; because starting a novel is one of the most difficult things about writing a story. The beginning of a story can guide the reader into its world, i MoreThe beginning of the novel is the gateway to its world. So this may cause some novelists to stop writing their own novels; because starting a novel is one of the most difficult things about writing a story. The beginning of a story can guide the reader into its world, if it is engaging and encouraging. So the first scene of the story can play a huge role in encouraging the reader and communicating with the text; because the beginning of the story is the bridge between the novelist and the reader. This research intends to examine the beginning of the novel based on its initial scene and it focuses on the techniques that the novelist used in the beginning of his novel. Although research on the beginning of the novel has had a prominent place in contemporary research on the novel, this field requires more effort to show the importance of the novel's beginning and to pay attention to its constitutive elements. The beginning of the novel “Endama Tashikh al-Zeab” has special potentials that draw our attention to it. The importance of this research is that it attempts to pay attention to the beginning of the story and its elements and examine the extent of connection of novel's beginning with the novel itself as an interconnected system and a text in the structural perspective. Therefore, this study deals with the first scene of the novel and draws attention to the relationship between the novel and its beginning. The results of this study show that the narrator has used techniques in this novel that those techniques have overcome on the modern novel and he has put the characters at tipping point of his attention to show a world full of contradictions. The narrator uses a polyphonic technique in this novel to avoid the traditional monotony. Manuscript profile -
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170 - Religion and Post-Modernism challenges in Adonis poems: An Epistemological Approach
Khalil parvini Kobra Rawshanfekr Seyyed Hossain HossainiThe philosophical basis of postmodernism, especially in cosmological sphere, is on the lack of the belief in the metaphysics and the skepticism in efficiency of religious framework for understanding human essence which is based on rationality, instinct and revelation. T MoreThe philosophical basis of postmodernism, especially in cosmological sphere, is on the lack of the belief in the metaphysics and the skepticism in efficiency of religious framework for understanding human essence which is based on rationality, instinct and revelation. The sovereignty of language is very important in this trend, because the language from this point of view is the essential device for understanding values and their mechanisms. Within the postmodern ideology, language and all its manifestations are understood as cultural symbols outside the realm of "absolutism". This attitude led to impose "relativism" and "individualism" upon the exhaustive principles (grand narratives) that were earlier considered universal. This philosophical effort especially in metaphysics and occult fields has not yet reached to reliable facts. The focus of this paper is on the study of the challenge of religion and Postmodernism and the anxieties emerged from it in the poetry of Adonis. The article in a descriptive-analytical method and by a philosophical-cognitive approach studies those poems of Adonis that bear such philosophical outlooks. It concludes that postmodernism in the poetry of Adonis shows this tension in the following fields: relativism; denial of absolutism; refute of grand narratives and disobedience to religion which do not conform to the absolute religious principles of monotheism, especially of Islam. In this study we have also pointed to the philosophical differences that postmodernism has brought about, because of its distance from the religion of Islam and its interaction with the texts of the other revealed religions. So, it is clear that the problem of the Western postmodern philosophy with religion results from the idea that their religious text does not provide them with convincing knowledge in most cases. What we have seen in those texts, therefore, is a multiple and contradictory interpretations throughout different periods, the interpretations that postmodernism announced its main desires, that we see so much in the poetry of Adonis with a philosophical taste. Manuscript profile -
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171 - American Neocolonialism and Xenophobia against Arabs in Ala al-Aswāni's Chicago
Fatemeh Bornaki Natasha Poordana Hojatollah Borzabadi FarahaniLiterature is studied from the long times ago as a symbolic manifestation of the dominant policies of the society. In the post-colonial and post-modern era that attention to individual values and equality becomes prominent, a literary reading of the study of the posit MoreLiterature is studied from the long times ago as a symbolic manifestation of the dominant policies of the society. In the post-colonial and post-modern era that attention to individual values and equality becomes prominent, a literary reading of the study of the position of the Arab and Muslim race in America, in which democracy, freedom and equal rights for all are claimed, represents the social and political truth of the present era. The present study is a sociopolitical study of the position of Arab and Muslim identities in the Ala al-Aswāni's novel Chicago on the basis of the political philosophy of Chantal Mouffe, French politician and philosopher, who says that due to the existence of superior ideology, public understanding is impossible. What happens in post-colonial democracy is a kind of new politician order to preserve democracy and opponent control. The sociocultural study of Chicago which represents the life of emigrants in American society in the post-September 11 attack era, explains a kind of hidden neo-colonialism, in which institutionalized Arab and Muslim races as the possible enemy of the country and American people, and terroristic factors in public minds. This explains the untold fact that equality in American society is nothing more than a democratic chanting, and new politics in neo-colonialism form, tries to control 'the other race and religion', by inducing horror and hate against other races and Muslims. Manuscript profile -
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172 - A Study and Analysis of the Components of Humanism in the Poetry of Nima Yooshij
Ali MohammadiThe concept of social and human commitment in the modern sense has been introduced into contemporary Persian poetry through constitutional literature and the same concept is considered as one of the ways of distinguishing Nima Yooshij's poetry from classical Persian lit MoreThe concept of social and human commitment in the modern sense has been introduced into contemporary Persian poetry through constitutional literature and the same concept is considered as one of the ways of distinguishing Nima Yooshij's poetry from classical Persian literature. In a sense, Nima is literally a humanist and socialist poet and thinker. Because his poetry is seriously and comprehensively departing from the individuality and enters into social and human realm. There are several fundamental questions regarding this topic that form the basis of this article. 1. Is Nima a humanist and socialist poet? 2. What is the difference between Nima's poetry and classical poetry in content? 3. What are the components of humanism in Nima's poetry? In the present study, which will be done through descriptive-analytical method and content analysis of existing data, we will try to explain the components of humanism and its social role in Nima's poetry. Belief in humanism, rejection of authoritarianism, human agency in social destiny, humanistic view of nature and humanism in social and human symbolism are some of the components of humanism in Nima Yushige's poetry. Manuscript profile -
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173 - The functions of polyphonic narration in the novel "War in Egypt" by Yusuf al-Qaed
Omid Jahanbakht Layli Shahram Delshad Mojtaba ElyasiPolyphonic narrative is a new type of narrative used by some postmodernist literary historians in the late 1970s to the last decade. In this type of literature, the author uses several narrators for narration and avoids the use of a single narrator.Yusuf Al-Qa'id(1944), MorePolyphonic narrative is a new type of narrative used by some postmodernist literary historians in the late 1970s to the last decade. In this type of literature, the author uses several narrators for narration and avoids the use of a single narrator.Yusuf Al-Qa'id(1944), a prominent Egyptian novelist, has used this method in some of his novels to demonstrate his approach to innovation. The purpose of this article is to examine the functions of polyphonic narration in the novel "War on the Land of Egypt ". It is important to examine this approach in order to identify novels that are modeled on practices appropriate to the age of democracy and civilization; The methods that have been used in conjunction with the development of societies as well as their social and political transformation to convey effective functions to the Arabic reader. The findings indicate that this narrative method is used in the novel to induce three basic functions, namely,dramatic and thematic struggle, explanation and communityization of events and subjects, creating equality, and establishing equal dialogue among fictional characters.I Yusuf al-Qa'id has chosen this narrative style for his narrative plot and through it he intends to reject with this new kind of monotheism and tyranny in the narration and presentation of ideas so that all the characters are equally Be present in the arena of narration, and on the other hand, the reader should be aware of the crisis of democracy and equality in the Arab society in a tangible and realistic way. Manuscript profile -
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174 - Study and analysis of postmodern features in the novel “Forsaan va kahana” by “Munther Al Qabbani” as a model
Mahmoudreza Tavakoli Mohammadi Azadeh MontazeriPostmodernism is one of the most controversial issues in the world of literary criticism, and this is probably due to the nature of postmodernism, which implies complexity, incoherence, disintegration and fragmentation, as well as pervasiveness in many disciplines of th MorePostmodernism is one of the most controversial issues in the world of literary criticism, and this is probably due to the nature of postmodernism, which implies complexity, incoherence, disintegration and fragmentation, as well as pervasiveness in many disciplines of the humanities and literary. This theory suggests confusion, lack of unity and harmony, irrationality, imagination and relativism of reality. Hence, many contemporary theorists have addressed the concept of postmodernism through various theories. In this regard, this article, based on a descriptive-analytical approach, examines the features of postmodernism in the novel " Forsan va kahana" by the Saudi author "Munther Al Qabbani". Among the characteristics of the novel is the spatial-temporal anxiety as well as the discrete and incoherent plot of the novel, in addition to the fact that the text of the novel interferes with other scientific, religious and historical texts that indicates the incoherence of the text. Finally, we must say that although this novel is not just a postmodern novel, but the features of postmodernism of the novel outweigh the features of modernism.Keywords: Postmodernism, Contemporary Prose, Munther Al Qabbani, Novel, Forsan va kahana "Knights and Priests". Manuscript profile -
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175 - the image of the Intellectual character inshort stories by the Iranian writer, Goli Taraghi
Yadollah Malayeri Naser Ghasemi Kamal Baghjari Hadi HaghgooanAbstract In this research- through purposeful reading of Goli Taraghi’s works such as ‘I am “Ch” Guevara too’ (1969), ‘Scattered memories’ (1992), ‘Another place’ (2000), ‘Tow worlds’ (2002), ‘Anot MoreAbstract In this research- through purposeful reading of Goli Taraghi’s works such as ‘I am “Ch” Guevara too’ (1969), ‘Scattered memories’ (1992), ‘Another place’ (2000), ‘Tow worlds’ (2002), ‘Another chance’ (2014)- the characters of the intellectuals in Farsi short stories are reflected. Based on their opinions, sayings, side takings in front of the mass and rulers and feedbacks- giving the fact that these feedbacks are the result of the natural contrast between tradition and modernism, the intellectuals are classified in this survey as well. In this study, the immaturity of the intellectual’s character and her doubt about tradition and modernism is also revealed as the main feature of her personality. As it turns out, in Goli Taraghi’s works, in many cases, the intellectuals give up their creed due to the pressure of the power centers. On the other hand, the mass, get used to the everyday life, and choose personal profit over social responsibility. According to what mentioned, the intellectuals are divided into four groups: 1) indifferent, 2) excluded, 3) professional, 4) disable to connect to the mass. Manuscript profile -
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176 - Examining the components of tradition and modernity in the novel 'āyene-hāye dar dār' (Lidded Mirrors)
Mahtab Tavakoli Bahram ParvinIn identify the causes of Iranian backwardness and finding appropriate solutions to exit of this situation, modernization movements, not only in the theoretical fields but also in literature, attracted the attention of theorists. Meanwhile, there are three views to mode MoreIn identify the causes of Iranian backwardness and finding appropriate solutions to exit of this situation, modernization movements, not only in the theoretical fields but also in literature, attracted the attention of theorists. Meanwhile, there are three views to modernity in literature: one group believes that modernity is a completely Western concept and is inefficient; the second group considers it acceptable due to its Western origin; and the third group maintains a balance between tradition and modernity. Houshang Golshiri, who has extensive knowledge in Persian literature and history, is one of the representatives of the third group. This research seeks to demonstrate how Golshiri, as a modern and at the same time traditional writer, has depicted the integration of modern and traditional storytelling methods without damaging the structure of the story and has given special importance to traditional elements in contemporary literature. The study is conducted using a library method and descriptive analysis to examine the components of tradition and modernity in the novel 'āyene-hāye dar dār' (Lidded Mirrors). The results of the investigations show that the use of narrative in classical texts, pragmatism, the use of short allegorical narrative, and the use of language as a traditional aspect are some of the old narrative methods in Golshiri's stories, and the combination of traditional and modern components together indicates his special attention to the place of tradition in literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Neo-Classical and the new common themes in Modern Arabic and Persian Literature with Special Attention to Ahmed Shawqi and Mohammad Taqi Bahar
Sadeq Khorsha Maryam Aziz KhaaniRenewal or innovation in literature means changes in the literature in order to become concurrent with the transformation of social relations in an appropriate way thus organized to take the necessary and proper form. So for every poet and writer it is a must to strive MoreRenewal or innovation in literature means changes in the literature in order to become concurrent with the transformation of social relations in an appropriate way thus organized to take the necessary and proper form. So for every poet and writer it is a must to strive to be aware of the spirit of his age thus interpreting it correctly. In addition to imitate predecessors, Neo-Classical poets took steps to recapitulate the rules and themes in ancient poetry. The secret behind the continuation and renewal of the Neo-Classical school is imitation in form and innovation in content or theme. This article examines the common and new themes of New Poetry in Persian and Arabic Neo-Classical schools based upon poetry of undisputed representatives of the two schools, namely, Mohammad Taqi Bahar, Ahmed Shawki. In this study, many common themes were found between these two schools which indicate that there are common cultural, social and political commonalities between Arabs and Iranians. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Criticism and Study of theTwo Colors Red and Green in Poems of Nazik Al-Malaika
Ali Piranishal Zohre Naemi Khadije Hashemi The color is the most striking element in forming sensory images of old and contemporary poets. Poets have used colorful words to objectify poetic images and to discover and explain the relationship between poetic images. Indeed Nazik Al-Malaika use More The color is the most striking element in forming sensory images of old and contemporary poets. Poets have used colorful words to objectify poetic images and to discover and explain the relationship between poetic images. Indeed Nazik Al-Malaika uses different colors to interpret thoughts, emotions and feelings. Due to the importance and beauties of red and green in the poems of Nazik Al-Malaika, this article studies and criticizes these colors and their implications in his poems. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic and statistically based. Colors represented her emotions, grieves and joys ;However in some delicate cases, she has taken advantage of non-genuine position of colors and converted one color to another one as an element of beauty and induction of political and social concepts.. The poet’s great attention to colors, different meanings, symbolic implications and their beauties show that she has had an intelligent look at the moments of life and the nature around her. She was impressed by events, social and political changes and the selection of red shows his interior desire toward effort and implies referents like love, liberty and modesty . The selection of green after red is a symbol of hope, life and desire and fulfillment of desires. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Reflection of Elements of Resistance in the Poetry of Adnan Alsaeq
Hamed Sedqi Sayyed Adnan Ashkoori Soqra Falahati Sabri Jalilian Literature of resistance is the sign of conscious conscience against violence of enemies and restoring human rights and also a collective reaction against domination of oppression that may be imposed from inside or outside. As a country in which policies of More Literature of resistance is the sign of conscious conscience against violence of enemies and restoring human rights and also a collective reaction against domination of oppression that may be imposed from inside or outside. As a country in which policies of terror, oppression and war by the "Baath regime" ,attacks of America ,and imposing global sanctions observed during recent few decades, Iraq has been a proper context for rise of resistance literature and warrior and exiled poets. "Adnan Al-Saeq" (born1955), contemporary Iraqi poet, is one of these poets whose poetic concepts are an outcry against the oppression of "Baath regime" and American occupation and abuses of world superpowers and a cry for union with mass movements and defense of the oppressed Palestinian people. Adnan uses different techniques in expressing his purposes including calling religious-historical events, applying masks of some historical figures, fictional odes, conversation elements, satire , burlesques, and symbolism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Nazik al-Mal’ika and her Poetic Inventiveness
Hussain Shamsabadi Mahdi MomtahenThis article probes the career of the Iraqi poetess Nazik al-Mal’ika who earned a vital role in modern Arabic poetry from 1940’s through 1960’s. This lady entered a literary battle traditionally undertaken by men and actually did prove her creativity a MoreThis article probes the career of the Iraqi poetess Nazik al-Mal’ika who earned a vital role in modern Arabic poetry from 1940’s through 1960’s. This lady entered a literary battle traditionally undertaken by men and actually did prove her creativity and originality and secured for herself an unimpeachable status in the canon of Arabic literature. Nazik is the Iraqi representative of the romantic school of poetry that is based on creativity and not imitation. Nazik was responsible for an evolution in this school which had virtually reached Iraq late. Nazik was one of the pioneers of poetic transformation. Such transformation had already spread across many countries around the world. This fine poetess championed the propagation of originality, novelty, and criticism in Arabic poetry. Nazik experienced cultural and sexual discrimination in a conservative family and society dominated by male chauvinism which deprived women from self-expression. Nazik could not attend literary clubs and gatherings and in compliance to public opinion was inhibited like other women from integrating with men in social contexts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - The Analysis of Nirfana in the Sonnet "Afif" (Chaste) Based on Modern Psychological Criticism with a Case Study of Aboobakr Mohammad Davood Esfahani
Roohollah Sayyadinejad Faezeh PasandiSonnet "Afif" found existence during Abbasid period, in spite of presence of Sufi poets and on top of them Mohammad Davood Esfahani known as Zaheri who went beyond physical sensation and lived with a pure and holy love. This sonnet was the result of unaffected Islamic e MoreSonnet "Afif" found existence during Abbasid period, in spite of presence of Sufi poets and on top of them Mohammad Davood Esfahani known as Zaheri who went beyond physical sensation and lived with a pure and holy love. This sonnet was the result of unaffected Islamic education in which religious teachings immingled with human spirit which resulted in chastity and virtue. Among most important features of this sonnet is "Nirfana" which had great influence on Arabic poetry progress because it created a distinct poetic purpose and in addition to maintaining classic poetic methods it was influenced by Islamic civilization and other cultures of that time. The aim of this study is to reveal some characteristics of spiritual nurturing being common among Buda, Sufi and importance of mystic life and its position in these two religions and to discover scientific methods and tools to accommodate it with keeping away from sensual desires and moving toward divine essence as well as investigating Nirfana's thought in the sonnet "Afif". Death, pain, lack of will, inner tension, and masochism are some of its most important elements. Therefore, exact investigating of this poet's poems will reveal its technical value and chaste approach in studying this distinct poetic aspect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - The Impact of the West on the Contemporary Arab Literary Criticism
Hassan Majidi Mohammad AhmadniaTranslation is of the most striking manifestations of contemporary Arabic literature.This phenomenon in contemporary Western criticism of the discussions that influenced this effect is due to communication and connection with the Arab literature and West. & MoreTranslation is of the most striking manifestations of contemporary Arabic literature.This phenomenon in contemporary Western criticism of the discussions that influenced this effect is due to communication and connection with the Arab literature and West. Contemporaneous cash and cash schools, especially schools Divan Court are external factors affecting research. But the important point is that despite all these effects a society is required that is dynamic culture. Americas since time is not on the cash flows, Arab heritage did not forget the new methods of cash from their roots and the old nobility was not isolated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Allegorical effects in Ahmed Boroujerdi's
Mohtasham Mohammadi Shahlaa AmuzgaarIn general, allegory has various definitions. Because the use of allegory makes poetry more beautiful and shows original roots & resourse, poets who have more innovation in creating allegory; They create more lasting works. In this research, we intend to examine the MoreIn general, allegory has various definitions. Because the use of allegory makes poetry more beautiful and shows original roots & resourse, poets who have more innovation in creating allegory; They create more lasting works. In this research, we intend to examine the types of allegory in Ahmed Boroujerdi's poems which has not been researched. In order to analyze this feature in the poem of the poet – Ahmad Brujerdi- in question, according to the structure of Ahmad Boroujerdi's compositions, the need for further explanation was felt, which with further exploration of these stages accepted.There have been few researches about this poet's poetry, and dealing with various effects in his poetry can be an idea for other researchers' researches. In this article, which has been done with a descriptive analytical method based on the library method, the question has been answered that what methods of innovation did Ahmed Borujerdi use in his poetry? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Developments and Characteristics of Poetry in Constitutional Age
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini KazerooniDevelopments and characteristics of poetry during Constitutional (Revolution) era have been realized in several fields including in subject and content, thought and idea, plainness and fluency, paying attention to vernacular language and folklore, xenophilia and t MoreDevelopments and characteristics of poetry during Constitutional (Revolution) era have been realized in several fields including in subject and content, thought and idea, plainness and fluency, paying attention to vernacular language and folklore, xenophilia and tendency toward classicism, enjoying foreign terms and lexicons, notice to taboos and developments within poetical frames. The main contents and concepts of poetry in Constitutional Era have been established on the bases and icons of nationalism and patriotism, freedom- seeking and fighting against hegemony. During this period, Persian poetry repudiated from imitation of predecessors’ contents and exited and released from praising of arrogant rulers. Eventually, such developments which have been influenced by geopolitical variation in this region led to poetical transformations at the age of Constitution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - The relation of Persian allegorical poem with religion and lifestyle
Sakineh Azari AliReza Soleymani Masomeh AzariReligion, as one of the main properties of society, makes it possible for the affected individuals to distinguish their attitudes, behaviors and ultimately their lifestyle from others. The lifestyle reflects a variety of patterns of consumption, chivalry and tolerance, MoreReligion, as one of the main properties of society, makes it possible for the affected individuals to distinguish their attitudes, behaviors and ultimately their lifestyle from others. The lifestyle reflects a variety of patterns of consumption, chivalry and tolerance, the way of interaction, and even the hidden cultural transformations in a society. Based on the theories of many sociologists such as Weber, Simmel, Giddens, Bourdieu, etc. today, the only economic factor, as Marx said, can not determine the way of life of individuals. In this article, firstly, by studying religious and ceremonial lyrics with the aim of extracting the patterns of Islamic lifestyle in religious and moral dimensions, based on the poetic review of Persian poets and their attitude towards this phenomenon, religion has been considered as an effective factor on students' life styles and while presenting examples of religious poetry and parables of poets, the effect of religion on students' lifestyles has been studied. The present study uses a library research method to investigate the two-way interaction between lifestyle and Persian poetry. Then, using descriptive-correlational studies, the collected statistical data are analyzed descriptively, which shows that there is a strong and meaningful relationship between these two elements. Also, the lifestyles of students who have been exposed to both modernity and the religious community have been considered. Findings of the research show that the lower the level of religiosity, the more modern the lifestyle, and the more religious people, the more traditional and non-modern they are. Also, among the five main components of the lifestyle studied in this study, body management and attention to fashion and brand phenomena among students are more than other elements of lifestyle influenced by modernity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - The study of Imagery in Mahmoud Moshref Azad Tehrani
Nahid Alinejad Maryam ShayeganMahmoud Moshref Azad Tehrani was one of the greatest poets of fortieth decade. The study of imagination in his poems as an impressive poet in modern poetry caused the discovery of his innovation in the field of imagination and revealed some aspects of emotions, feelings MoreMahmoud Moshref Azad Tehrani was one of the greatest poets of fortieth decade. The study of imagination in his poems as an impressive poet in modern poetry caused the discovery of his innovation in the field of imagination and revealed some aspects of emotions, feelings and social problems. In this research which is taken by taking note and library method, three hypotheses were the bases of work. One hypothesis was that Moshref as well as other contemporary poets has paid more attention to detection element among imagery elements and he has paid more attention to nature and tangible objects among constructive elements of imagery. Another hypothesis was that the emotions which are mixed with his imagination and have caused his poetic experiences were not personal emotions but social ones and they were derived from pains, sufferings and his joint hopes with people of his society and Moshref was a poet who could create beautiful images and take responsibility toward his society as an artist. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - A Study on postmodern strategies of "Pir e Changi" of Mathnavi
Leila Rezaei Abbas JahedjahMathnavi – Ma'navi is the most innovative and wonderful work in classic Persian literature because of its new narrative strategies. These special strategies that jalal al-Din Rumi used in the narration of the tales that found In other Persian literature books befo MoreMathnavi – Ma'navi is the most innovative and wonderful work in classic Persian literature because of its new narrative strategies. These special strategies that jalal al-Din Rumi used in the narration of the tales that found In other Persian literature books before Mathnavi, have some resemblances with modern or postmodern narratives. One of these innovative narratives in Mathnavi is the fiction of "Pir e Changi" (the oldman who plays harp). Rumi has presented this fiction with many changes and so this narrative is not in the original form as mentioned in "Asrar al Tawhid (the mystery of Unification) by Mohammad ibn Monavvar. In this article this tale from mathnavi has been studied in the field of postmodern criticism by the theory of Brian Mchale. The result shows that we can find the evidences of postmodern fictions as: death of the author, autonomy of characters, the end of metafictions, open ending and the combination of parallel worlds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Shahriyar, a Traditionalist Facing the Modernists: A Reflection on His Secrets with Nima
Ali Salimi Mohammad Nabi Ahmadi,The name of Shahriyar, “the love-ridden poet,” is tied with the Persian traditional sonnet. He was, on the one hand, a traditionalist moving in the direction of the modernism; but, on the other hand, most of the modernists believe him to be the best traditio MoreThe name of Shahriyar, “the love-ridden poet,” is tied with the Persian traditional sonnet. He was, on the one hand, a traditionalist moving in the direction of the modernism; but, on the other hand, most of the modernists believe him to be the best traditional sonneteer in contemporary Persian poetry. Love and frenzy are the essence of his sonnets. In his early youth, he fell deeply in an earthly love, but this love failure led him to a divine spiritual love. His sonnets describe this separation between him and his beloved. Besides this, he owes his reputation to his rural-social poem “Heydar Baba Salam” in which he narrates his past pleasant and unpleasant memories in a simple language. Among the modernists, Shahriyar particularly favored Nima. Though Shahriyar was in love with Hafez’s poetry, Nima’s legendary poetry introduced him into a new world. Sharing his secrets with Nima and his conversation with him full of love and kindness in his three poems “The Poet of Legend” (Shaere Afsaneh), “The Two Pheasants” (Do Morghe Beheshti), and “The Flying Pheasant” (Parvaze Morghe Beheshti) reveal how deeply these two well-known poets share their thoughts and feelings. In his “The Two Pheasants” (Do Morghe Beheshti), Shahriyar, inspired by Nima’s “The Legend” (Afsaneh), describes his meeting with him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Anaiysis of allegory in Persian short story Reiying on the story of "My batton eyes" by Bijan
fereshteh naseriModern short story is a new form of writing stories that allows the writers of our time to explore the issues of life in the new age with techniques and practices appropriate to the modern period, regardless of the constraints of the limitations of realism and naturalis MoreModern short story is a new form of writing stories that allows the writers of our time to explore the issues of life in the new age with techniques and practices appropriate to the modern period, regardless of the constraints of the limitations of realism and naturalism. Hence, modern short stories tended towards poetry and lyric writing. One of the most important features of this type of storytelling is turning to allegory. Allegory has a strong connection with narrative and the first mythical narratives have been called narrative allegory. The allegory shows that the lyrical short story is related to something outside the world of senses and sensory phenomena. The story of "My Button Eyes" is one of Bijan Najdi's lasting stories. This beautiful and influential story, in the language of a puppet, describes the story of the Iraqi invasion of Khorramshahr. This research examines the allegory in the short story "My Button Eyes" in an analytical way and acquaints the reader with the allegory and the allegorical short story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Modernism influences In Manuchehr Atashi's Poems
ahmad Tahan khalil Nik KhahModernism is a term applied in various fields including Philosophy, sociology, art … . After World War I, however, Modernism refers to an aesthetic discourse which points to a radical break from cultural and artistic traditions. Although Modern poetry commences w MoreModernism is a term applied in various fields including Philosophy, sociology, art … . After World War I, however, Modernism refers to an aesthetic discourse which points to a radical break from cultural and artistic traditions. Although Modern poetry commences with Nima Yushij in Iran, Modernism reveals its influences in literature with the beginning of social changes and modernity from the 1340s. Consequently, Modern poetry emerges with the following characteristics: relativity, individualism, imagism, and an inclination towards prose. In spite of being a follower of Nima, Manuchehr Atashi comes to be known a Modern poet from the beginning of his career. Even though one cannot claim that Atashi has all the features of a Modern poet, one can still observe a majority of these features in his poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Effect of Teaching Modern English Drama on the Students’ Fluency and Accuracy of Speaking
Kian Pishkar Ahmad Moeinzadeh Azizollah Dabaghi -
Open Access Article
192 - Educational theory and curriculum approach from the perspective of the new pragmatism
mohammad reza yousefzadehThe philosophy history of education has been faced with five vital and important words. These words have defined five positions in discussing about teaching and learning in the modern world. The words are including: mind, democracy, oppression, socialization, anecdotes MoreThe philosophy history of education has been faced with five vital and important words. These words have defined five positions in discussing about teaching and learning in the modern world. The words are including: mind, democracy, oppression, socialization, anecdotes and stories. The first three terms are respectively associated with the names of Frederick Herbart, Dewey and Paulo Frère, that have been raised in the United States, Latin America and Africa. Socialization by using the knowledge tool is relevant to Marxism, which has been interpreted mainly in Brazil, France and Italy. The term of stories and anecdotes is also used by different people in different parts of the world and is the term considered by proponents of modern pragmatism. Many experts believe that perhaps the most significant development in American philosophy in the recent times could be the renaissance in pragmatism or the neo-pragmatism. Due to the raised cases, the main purpose of this article was the evaluation of educational theory and curriculum approach from the perspective of the modern pragmatism. The study was a cross-sectional research. Previous studies have shown that the foundations of modern pragmatism should be searched among the ideas of people such as Rorty, Quien, Pathnam, Bernestien, West, Davidson, Dewey, Shusterman and Brandon. Neo-pragmatism emphasizes on principles such as rejection of fundamental epistemology, language, uity of knowledge, social cohesion instead of pure objectivity and education for democratic wise citizen. From the perspective of neo-pragmatism, an educational theory should be practical with three features, descriptive, explanatory and specific. They have been mentioned five steps for training including the anecdote, linking an anecdote with the issues of life, creating new anecdote, reviewing the story and comparing it with national and collective stories. They have introduced the best curricula approach for pre-university as an integrated approach and project-based approach for the time after the university. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - A survey on the role of educational styles of traditional and modern families on the school performance of children
Sayed morteza alaviaalaThe quality and content of all educational systems are highly the results of exact planning and proper application of educational styles and tools with a significant role in the promotion of educational purposes. It will be effective on student's performance in the case MoreThe quality and content of all educational systems are highly the results of exact planning and proper application of educational styles and tools with a significant role in the promotion of educational purposes. It will be effective on student's performance in the case of applying by families and instructors. The main research purpose was a survey on the role of educational styles of families on student's performance. The statistical population of this study consisted of all male and female students of the 8th zone of the educational department of high school in Tehran in the academic year of 2012-13. 192 girls and 236 boys were selected by random sampling method. The performance criterion was based on their average scores from last year or last term. The research method was Pierson correlation. A researcher–made questionnaire was used to collect data with 40 questions. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used on 50 subjects who were selected randomly. The validity coefficient was 0.871. The results showed that educational styles could predict educational achievement. There was a significant relationship between educational styles and performance (p < 0.05). Therefore, those families that used modern educational styles were more successful than those with traditional ones. There was a significant difference between the averages of girls and boys. The boys were taught more with modern educational styles than the girls. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Analysis and criticizing of the implication of multi-cultural education with an emphasize on Michel Foucault opinions
Najmeh Ahmadabadi Arani Hamid Ahmadi Hedayat Mohsen farmahini farahaniThe purpose of the present research is to analyze and critique the implications of multicultural education with an emphasis on Michel Foucault's views. To achieve this goal, conceptual and critical analysis methods have been used. Foucault, as a postmodernist theorist, MoreThe purpose of the present research is to analyze and critique the implications of multicultural education with an emphasis on Michel Foucault's views. To achieve this goal, conceptual and critical analysis methods have been used. Foucault, as a postmodernist theorist, proposes a kind of education in which the issue of culture and justice is important. While criticizing power relations in educational systems, he has provided significant implications for multicultural education. In his view, the basis for education should be based on democratic and non-authoritarian methods, and the interests of the members and various components of society, including other cultures, should be taken into consideration. Foucault criticizes the textbooks as functions of history, society, and power, and believes that texts have always been used as tools of power. By examining Foucault's educational opinions, it can be admitted that his implications for educational and cultural justice will be. Nevertheless, criticisms can be made, such as the criticality of the revelation of reality, the emphasis on epistemological relativism, the divergence of education policies, the lack of presumptions in the discussion of discourse, and the lack of solutions to educational issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Examine the philosophical foundations of evaluation epistemology in education in post modern age
Ghader Faraghi Mohsen Farmahini FarahaniThe philosophical foundations of evaluation epistemology in education in post modern age were examined in this study by four approaches (the construction oriented approach – Hermeneutics approach - Critical (Collaborative) approach and integration approach). The m MoreThe philosophical foundations of evaluation epistemology in education in post modern age were examined in this study by four approaches (the construction oriented approach – Hermeneutics approach - Critical (Collaborative) approach and integration approach). The methodology of this study was documentary analysis. In order to answer to study’s questions, data gathered using appropriate forms, and analyzed by 5 traditional approaches. According to the thesis questions the main results are: post modern evaluation epistemology is based on critical and collaborative methods combined with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The result of this study is: the evaluation of this age should be combinatorial so that: all aspect of epistemology in the field of evaluation should be considered, all positive points of evaluation method should be considered, all racial, regional, cultural and personal difference should be considered with emphasis on current needs and goals, emotional and motivational and belief of learner should be considered because it will be driving factor for learning – teaching approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Review on Postmodernist reading of knowledge developments with emphasis on Lyotard's view and its requirements for curriculum elements.
hadi ghaderyani irandokht fayyaz mostafa ghaderi akbar rahnamaThe present article aims to answer the question of what the attitude towards knowledge will entail for the elements of the curriculum and examines the evolution of science from the perspective of postmodernism with emphasis on Lyotard's perspective. Method: This study i MoreThe present article aims to answer the question of what the attitude towards knowledge will entail for the elements of the curriculum and examines the evolution of science from the perspective of postmodernism with emphasis on Lyotard's perspective. Method: This study is a critical discourse, a qualitative approach that was done with a systematic review method. The statistical population was all writings and articles related to postmodernism and curriculum that were selected with a purposeful Gabri sample and with Persian and English keywords from 2004 to 2018. Findings: It has been shown that according to Lyotard, he had scientific knowledge, claim to freedom, liberation and progress; In practice, however, with technological development, it distanced itself from the above ideals and neglected its literary and aesthetic aspects by reducing its various aspects to a small extent. The requirements of this view of knowledge for curriculum elements, resulting in results such as: attention to critical education and doubt in accepting educational content as non-historical, neutral, separate from value and power, attention to plurality and lack of focus in education and looking at the program A lesson is a contract between educational actors and countering the commercialization of knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Interpreting sports in Bourdieu's discourses
Kamal JavanmardIntroduction:This article seeks to analyze sport and its functions in Berdieu's theoretical apparatus. Along with the genealogy of modern sports, he has analyzed the educational, educational, economic, social and political functions of this phenomenon, and it is co MoreIntroduction:This article seeks to analyze sport and its functions in Berdieu's theoretical apparatus. Along with the genealogy of modern sports, he has analyzed the educational, educational, economic, social and political functions of this phenomenon, and it is considered that this phenomenon is a part of the process of political power, soft domination, and new education. Methodology:The research method of this article is historical and the technique of documents and library is used. In this study, Bourdieu's works in the field of sports, which were based on surveys and field findings, were examined. Findings:The findings of this study indicate that Bourdieu considered sports as a social and composite phenomenon that consists of multiple elements. Bourdieu considers sport to be class-oriented and one of the aspects of class separation. Based on this, people do not have absolute freedom in choosing sports, but their choice is limited by their class characteristics. Conclusion:Bourdieu concludes, today the diverse functions of sports have caused this phenomenon to be considered beyond sports. In his opinion, sports are a low-cost tool to entertain and enrich students' free time and a tool in the hands of the ruling class to advertise and legitimize the system. Bourdieu introduced sports in close connection with the field of political power and considered it as a field of competition for power, and it is because of this that sports is a mechanism for the mobilization and symbolic conquest of the masses and a means of domination by governments. He also believed that the spread of modern sports among the strata and mass of European society left a tremendous impact. Modern sports are a low-cost means of entertaining students and enriching their free time and filling their idle hours. According to him, taking care of students with sports will be simple and inexpensive. Therefore, Bourdieu considers modern sports as a part of the new education process and considers the function of this type of sports in day and night schools as an educational function. Economic mechanism in order to monitor and discharge violence and moderate their aggression. On the other hand, according to Bourdieu, sport is a field to compete for power. It is a tool in the hands of the ruling class as a symbolic political mobilization and conquest of the masses, therefore it believes that institutions such as parties, unions and churches compete with each other in attracting young people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Identifying Factors affecting Organizational Dynamics with a Social Sociological approach (case study: Ministry of Sports and Youth)
Mohammad Moradi mina Mostahfezian Hamid Ghasemi Hamid ZahediThe sociology of sports is that all phenomena and events cannot be one-sided and one-dimensional, but rather complex and complex that express realities. Concepts and phenomena gain meaning when they are examined as concrete and connected realities in relation to other s MoreThe sociology of sports is that all phenomena and events cannot be one-sided and one-dimensional, but rather complex and complex that express realities. Concepts and phenomena gain meaning when they are examined as concrete and connected realities in relation to other social realities (Brett, 2009). This is despite the fact that social order is one of the most important issues and topics discussed and, accordingly, it is one of the most central areas of sociological knowledge. On the other hand, sports in its group form as one of the most important social activities plays an effective role in the cultural conditions of the society. To meet the changing needs of customers, organizations need to produce and provide new and high-standard products and services in a fast and flexible way. The traditional structures of Taylorism that were used effectively in the past are not suitable in today's dynamic and competitive environment. Many scientists in various fields from all over the world came together to respond to this growing pressure. The basis of the success of these scientists is the need for organizational dynamics (Claretha, 2010). Organizational dynamism is a basic approach to managing environmental uncertainty and is considered as the dynamic ability of the organization to actively respond to the changing competitive environment, which may create a sustainable competitive advantage for the company (Ketkar & Sett, 2010). Research Lehman Wilmbrook and Allen (2018) showed that organizational dynamism has a positive and significant effect on the organizational performance of hospitals, and the more dynamic the organization is, the better it can react to environmental changes. In their research results, Besli et al. (2023) acknowledge that organizational culture is one of the factors influencing organizational dynamics. A review of the background of the research shows that a research that has not been done specifically to examine and identify the factors affecting organizational dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the country with a sociological approach; Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying factors affecting organizational dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the country with a social sociological approach and providing solutions to improve the current situation.MethodologyThis research was conducted in a mixed way in terms of practical orientation and in terms of data collection methods. The statistical population in the quantitative section also includes the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, 371 people were selected. According to the nature of the research, data collection in the first part was done using in-depth semi-structured interviews in order to conduct the interview, The reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test. The value of alpha coefficient in this research for the used questionnaire was reported as 0.89. The method of data analysis was used in the qualitative section according to the foundation's data theory method. This method emphasizes the use of data analysis steps through open, central and selective coding, and in the quantitative part, using inferential statistics methods including calculating the construct validity of the questionnaire and examining its exploratory factor analysis structure using Spss version 24 software. The calculation and testing of the final model of the research was done with the analysis of structural equations through Imus 24 software.Findings In the continuation of the goodness of fit test, the research model was confirmed. The indices along with the coefficients obtained from the research are mentioned in the table below.Table 1. Fit indices for the research modelModel fit indices AGFI GFI CFI IFI NFI RMR RMSEA CMIN/DFThe amount obtained 0.80>80 0.80> 0.80> 0.80> 0.80> 0.1< 0.1< 3<Criterion value 0.91 0.91 0.94 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.067 2.94Based on the index values presented for this model in Table 5, the Kaido index is less than 3 for its degree of freedom, and the fit indices of NFI, CFI, IFI, GFI and AGFI are greater than 0.8, RMSEA and RMR are also smaller than 0.1. that confirmed the fit of the model.ConclusionConsidering the importance of organizational dynamics in the current situation, for the country's sports organizations, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors influencing the identification of the influencing factors on the dynamics in the Ministry of Sports and Youth in the form of a model. In this research, 7 influencing factors on organizational dynamics were identified, and their prioritization includes organizational structure, human resources, new management style, organizational policies, organizational culture, competitiveness, and acceptance of change.Based on the results of this research, one should look for approaches to change the socio-cognitive behavior of the employees of sports organizations; Because according to the results of the present study, changing the approach towards dynamic organizations is the only way to deal with continuous environmental changes and crises in sports; Therefore, according to the findings of the current research, it is recommended to the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and their subordinate organizations to use the necessary planning and investment for the development of dynamics in sports organizations based on the identified priorities, in order to deal with the continuous changes in the environment. While responding faster and coordinating with new laws and conditions, achieve the desired goals of the organization with creativity and discovery of innovative processes. Among the limitations of the current research in the qualitative part of the research is the possibility of different interpretations of the phenomenon under investigation, and naturally, the interpretation made of the phenomenon studied in this research is only one of the possible and acceptable interpretations about it. In the quantitative part, the impossibility of controlling environmental factors on statistical samples when answering questions is one of the limitations of the research. Finally, it can be said that the findings of this research clearly pointed to important steps that can lead to the improvement of the existing dynamic situation of the organization with a social sociological approach to reach the desired situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Reflection Of Love Aspects in Masnavi with an Approach to its Therapy
Zakie RashidabadiLove and infatuation are the ethics of Molana and basic concepts of hisSufism school. His Masnavi begins with the love story of straw and ends with love. The aim of this article is not to investigate about the role of love from Rumi’s perspective in general form since a MoreLove and infatuation are the ethics of Molana and basic concepts of hisSufism school. His Masnavi begins with the love story of straw and ends with love. The aim of this article is not to investigate about the role of love from Rumi’s perspective in general form since all his six books are about love, but the aim of this article is to investigate the place of love in the Masnavi regarding the developments in the modern world of today. The present article aims to answer this question that where is the place of love from the view point of Rumi? Whether his desired love has any place in the modern world of today.The results show that the Rumi’s characteristic goes beyond the time and space and always emphasizes on fundamental human issues such as love which never grow old. The genetic wish of human being is to get free from his own which is the most desirable product of love; since today in its light human being can get rid of his pains and achieve his innate desires. Thus the desired love of Rumi, as a light can explore the deep spiritual needs located within the human being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Study of Rational and Intuitive Spiritual Journey by Sohrevardi
Hossein Hatamvand Hossein Falsafi Ali FathullahiIn this paper the rational and intuitive spiritual journey by Sohrevardi and Habermas' philosophical theories, especially focused on the system of values and ethics, instrumental rationality and communicative rationality are evaluated with his thoughts. The purpose of t MoreIn this paper the rational and intuitive spiritual journey by Sohrevardi and Habermas' philosophical theories, especially focused on the system of values and ethics, instrumental rationality and communicative rationality are evaluated with his thoughts. The purpose of this paper has been to demonstrate that Sohrevardi was not ignorant even in his own intuitive journey, and to achieve the true reality of human felicity and the necessary intuitive knowledge, he deems wisdom and intuition are supplementary to one another. Accordingly, Sohrevardi somehow founded the school of thought called "Integration School" that is a blend of wisdom, quotation, and intuition. There are similarities between Sohrevardi's theories and thoughts with Habermas in terms of system of values and instrumental rationality and communication which this paper has studied and analyzed them here. Habermas and Sohrevardi both believe that one can achieve beyond rationality realities upon the expansion of rational perceptions. Sohrevardi is of a believe that mystical discoveries are also comprehensible through rationality. Habermas on the other hand believes that one can achieve valuable truths through rationality but through communication and mutual understanding. In Sheikh Eshraq's opinion, rationality is supplement of intuition and vice versa; nevertheless, Habermas' notion is that rationality is after proving it. The rationality that Sohrevardi tries to develop is the philosophical rationality to achieve truth and felicity of human beings through the growth and development of intuition Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - The Semantics of Eclectic Symbols in a Sonnet by Monzavi based on the Modern Hermeneutics Theory
Yaddollah Saaei Alisarvar Yaghubi Mohammadali DavudabbadiHermeneutics is such an outstanding approach in the study of humanity that is used for analyzing and interpreting text meaning, focusing on text comprehension. This article aimed to investigate a sonnet by Hossein Monzavi entitled “Your Mourning Is Epic” ana MoreHermeneutics is such an outstanding approach in the study of humanity that is used for analyzing and interpreting text meaning, focusing on text comprehension. This article aimed to investigate a sonnet by Hossein Monzavi entitled “Your Mourning Is Epic” analytically and descriptively based on the modern hermeneutics theory. Hence first of all, encoding of the surface meaning of the poem has been done. Then, connotation of the text has been clarified on the basis of the obtained literary significations. The findings indicated that Monzavi, through combining all myths, succeeded to collapse times and places, destroyed common logic of narration, reproduced somehow the myths and recreated historical narrations in a novel context with new semantic capacities. Turning to the subjects of war and the holy defense that had governed the poems of that time, he had employed the device of combining the myth of Siavash and historical epic of Ashura as well as the similarities among the happenings and thoughts of the two events so that he would be able to strengthen the space and tone of his sonnet along the path of epic whereby his readership’s feelings would be raised and he would encourage them to maintain their sense of safeguarding their homeland as well as their religious-national values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - The Role of Liberalism and the Collapse of Communism in Expanding Mysticism & Spirituality
Amirreza Habibi samad ghaempanah Hasan Shamsini Ghiasvand Seyyed Assadollah AthariSince the Age of Enlightenment which is based on giving value to the inherent dignity and individual freedom, has paved the way for many schools of spirituality e.g Mysticism and improved the authenticity of human dignity. On the other hand, Communism was the most signi MoreSince the Age of Enlightenment which is based on giving value to the inherent dignity and individual freedom, has paved the way for many schools of spirituality e.g Mysticism and improved the authenticity of human dignity. On the other hand, Communism was the most significant ideology in contrast with Mysticism as well as religion and spirituality. By Collapse of the Soviet Union and ending the Cold War, Communism started declining and Mysticism began to grow and expand over the world. In fact, Liberalism wasn’t basically against the spirituality so it helped to regenerate the religion and Mysticism especially Islamic Mysticism in Postmodernism Era. As a result, the global anthropology gave a special concentration on the spirituality, love, and lindness. It means that the process of globalization aligned well with the concept of spirituality in human life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - The Role of Adjective as a Device in the Aesthetics Of Modern Poetry
hadi heidarinia aliye mehrabi< p >Poetry seeks to achieve the most beautiful kind of speech and poet uses all his linguistic, musical, and eloquent abilities to elevate his speech from the aesthetics point of view. The aesthetics of poetry is examined in two aspects. External aspect including More< p >Poetry seeks to achieve the most beautiful kind of speech and poet uses all his linguistic, musical, and eloquent abilities to elevate his speech from the aesthetics point of view. The aesthetics of poetry is examined in two aspects. External aspect including language, music, imagination, and internal aspect including content, emotion, and thought. In the Meanwhile, the role of each text''s element in the aesthetics of the work can be noticed because in one text all its components and different elements have a role in the creation of work''s beauty. Adjectives in poetry, in addition to their grammatical and syntactic roles, also have emotional, discursive, and eloquent meaning in direction of work''s beauty. Therefore, adjectives in literary piece or poetry, according to the role they have, can be named as device which applies to all the elements of poetry that are effective in the aesthetics of the text. The results of this study show that the poet''s creativity in using adjective, in addition to creating spiritual music in the modern poetry, can have a great effect on the creation of emotional atmosphere of modern poetry., due to the high frequency of poets'' use of adjectives in new poetry to strengthen internal and spiritual music, in addition to their use of the technique of creating compound adjectives; on the freshness and dynamism of their poetic language in comparison with poetry Traditional has been added. Adjectives play an important role in the field of imagination Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Aesthetic study of postmodern sonnets based on the poems of Reza Braheni and Seyed Mehdi Mousavi
yasra tahmasbizade shahrokh hekmatThe school of postmodernism became popular in Iran in the 1970s through the translation of Western works and the travel of poets and writers to Western countries. Unlike modernism, this school tended to go back in time and borrow from myths and antiquity. The works of t MoreThe school of postmodernism became popular in Iran in the 1970s through the translation of Western works and the travel of poets and writers to Western countries. Unlike modernism, this school tended to go back in time and borrow from myths and antiquity. The works of this school have important differences with other literary schools and are often ambiguous and complex. Reza Braheni and Seyed Mehdi Mousavi are two poets of this type of poetry, whose poems have been studied aesthetically in this study. Braheni himself is one of the theorists of postmodernist poetry and in his poems the components of postmodernism can be seen more. . The postmodern components in the poems of these two poets include such things as: white writing, semantic avoidance, frequent repetitions, lexical and grammatical aberration, familiarization, but the way these elements are used is different. Braheni's poems are in the form of Nimai and have postmodern elements in terms of image and writing; But Mousavi has written more in the form of classical poetry with the same stanzas of poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - “Examining Aesthetics in the school of Postmodernism in»name name baranam«&» aghl azabam midahad« by Ali Babachahi” د
Ronak Joharzadeh Shahrokh Hekmat Majid AziziThe entry of postmodern poetry to Persian Literature, led to some poets of the seventies making some modifications to the statistics and literary rules. Ali Babachahi has decided on the clarification of some features by presenting a postmodern poem scheme. The features MoreThe entry of postmodern poetry to Persian Literature, led to some poets of the seventies making some modifications to the statistics and literary rules. Ali Babachahi has decided on the clarification of some features by presenting a postmodern poem scheme. The features read as uncertainty, free verse reading, death of the author and paradox all if which being fully traceable in poem collections called “Drizzling” and “ Mind tortures me” .It ‘s been meant to analyze the weaknesses and strengths of this kind of poetry by perusing the stylistics studying them in three aspects of linguistic, content and literariness in this research .The entry of postmodern poetry to Persian Literature, led to some poets of the seventies making some modifications to the statistics and literary rules. Ali Babachahi has decided on the clarification of some features by presenting a postmodern poem scheme. The features read as uncertainty, free verse reading, death of the author and paradox all if which being fully traceable in poem collections called “Drizzling” and “ Mind tortures me” .It ‘s been meant to analyze the weaknesses and strengths of this kind of poetry by perusing the stylistics studying them in three aspects of linguistic, content and literariness in this research . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - A study of Aesthetics of Manuchehr Atashi poetry
mehri mosaed mina mosaedAesthetics is a complicated concept for which no one can give an explicit definition.It is not an absolute subject and every person can see something beautiful or ugly from different perspectives.one of the inherent feature of literature is beauty. the present article s MoreAesthetics is a complicated concept for which no one can give an explicit definition.It is not an absolute subject and every person can see something beautiful or ugly from different perspectives.one of the inherent feature of literature is beauty. the present article studies musical ,linguistic and imagery elements of Atshi`s poems to show their relationships with poetical emotion,the elements creating beauty through deviations.Because Atashi`s poems originates from internal experiences and inspirations ,innovations and deviations in the musical and linguistic sections ,that is,diction and syntactic deviations are of a high frequency.Moreover, the poet has been able to induce the poetical emotions to the readers very well by these three devices.Thus, there is a proper relationship between the poetical motion and musical ,linguistic and poetical images. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - The secret and Mystery of simile in Naderpoor` poems
rasool ali panahiyan mohamadreza ghariIn rhetorics simile is the first element to create pictures.Simile is one of the pillars of rhetorics and other rhetorical devices such as metaphor,metonymy,personification and allusion originates from it.It can be deemed as one of the simplest imageries since it can be MoreIn rhetorics simile is the first element to create pictures.Simile is one of the pillars of rhetorics and other rhetorical devices such as metaphor,metonymy,personification and allusion originates from it.It can be deemed as one of the simplest imageries since it can be understood more easily.Naderpoor has used the rhetorical devices more adequqtely in his poems.He has used simile to render his own message together with pictures and artistic ways.In the present article ,to clarify the importance of simile, an statistical analysis of his similes has been made.His poetical similes from the perspective of rationality or sensation are categorized and the subtleties of it is analysed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - A Transformation in Perception of the "Poetry Meaning" in Contemporary Persian Postmodern Poetry
mohsen taj abad hamid samsamOne of the key elements of Persian poetry, from the beginning to the blank verse period, has been the 'meaning' element. Persian poets, over hundreds of centuries, from Dary Persian language in the reign of Taherians to the modern Persian era, beside the construct MoreOne of the key elements of Persian poetry, from the beginning to the blank verse period, has been the 'meaning' element. Persian poets, over hundreds of centuries, from Dary Persian language in the reign of Taherians to the modern Persian era, beside the construction of poems, have always considered the content of their poems in a way that a change in meaning would only be limited to the enunciation and the expressing language. With modern poetry in Persian prose in the thirties ‘meaning’ perception becomes vague, and takes the poetry to the point of meaninglessness. This new version of 'meaning' of postmodern poetry composition requires a new interpretation, and with the outstanding of this prose form, a new theory as "lack of self –referent" poetry appears to exist as the external elements in which, instead of paying attention to the meaning of prose to convey the message, the implementation of poem becomes important and preferable. This theory attempts just extras in the poetry performance and leads single meaning to the multiplicity of meaning, which is only perceived and received by the reader , and the poet has the lowest share in that.Therefore, each time, the reader, by reading the poem, can achieve to and get a new and a different understanding –a feature which is known as "the death of the author/ poet " and which is ofcourse borrowed from the European postmodern poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - An Aesthetical crticism of Qeisar Aminpour's Ashura-Related Poetical Codes
Mazaher Zamani Nematsara Mohammad Reza Zaman AhmadiThe linkage of Ashura event with Iran" s culture and thought has made these poems highly important. The event of Ashura and the poems on it form the basic axis of Aminpour's poems, making him an important figure in this respect. The present research tries to criti MoreThe linkage of Ashura event with Iran" s culture and thought has made these poems highly important. The event of Ashura and the poems on it form the basic axis of Aminpour's poems, making him an important figure in this respect. The present research tries to criticize his Ashura related poems from the perpective of modernism, images and scientific discourse. The findings indicate that Aminpour Ashura related poems distant from extremism, analogy and stereotypes and modified the trend of modernism in these poetical codes. He has rendered new pictures based on his owm experiences and has applied a rational , critical and scientific approach in Ashura - centered poems while avoiding populism and creating a spectacular change in this respect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Humanistic Messages of Mowlana’s and Attar’s Mysticism for Today’s Man
reza ashraf zadeh mas'oud narooeiModern man, as a result of his domination over this mundane world and his scientific achievements, has been so deeply lost in ecstasy and ignorance that he has forgotten what had made his past life on this planet meaningful. The main reason for the complexities and cris MoreModern man, as a result of his domination over this mundane world and his scientific achievements, has been so deeply lost in ecstasy and ignorance that he has forgotten what had made his past life on this planet meaningful. The main reason for the complexities and crises of the present era is the factors such as nihilism, racial discrimination, the centrality of capital and profit, and self-centeredness and individualism. The present research uses a descriptive-analytic method to study and analyze the moral concepts used by these two outstanding mystics in the hope that some of the wounds resulting from today’s crises could be healed. The conclusion is that if modern man obeys the spiritual and educational advice presented in these works, he can find what he needs for perfection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - The Effect of Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Portfolio Performance Based on Traditional and Modern Network
Yadegar Mohammadi Asfandiar Mohammadi Gharibeh Esmaili kia -
Open Access Article
212 - A Study of Our Share in Complete Growth and Development of World with an Approach to Understanding of Anti-Marketing Importance
Esrafil Shirazi -
Open Access Article
213 - New Trends in Critical Regionalism through the Lens of Tzonis and Lefaivre
Elahe Zoghi Hoseini Darab Diba Hamed Kamelnia Mostafa Mokhtabad -
Open Access Article
214 - THE ROLL OF SOIL IN ARCHITECTURE
Mohsen Vafamehr -
Open Access Article
215 - The Role of New Materials and Interior Architecture in Improving the Quality of Interior Architecture with Emphasis on the Psychological Needs of Women
Mohammad Mehdi Moulaii Arezoo LotfiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of new materials and interior architecture in improving the quality of interior space with emphasis on the psychological needs of women. The research statistical universe included all the references and texts on new MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of new materials and interior architecture in improving the quality of interior space with emphasis on the psychological needs of women. The research statistical universe included all the references and texts on new materials and interior architecture. The sample encompassed the interior architecture with emphasis on the psychological needs of women. The research design was descriptive-analytical. Data were collected through library methods and research databases related to the field of modern interior architecture. The extracted data were then interpreted and described according to the psychological needs of women. The results showed that in the past, Iranian housing paid more attention to the needs and spiritual desires of women and engaged in their daily activities with complete freedom and peace of mind, but today, with a more advanced life and a greater impact of living costs on beauty, the spirit and diversity left the houses and have been replaced by monotony and daily life routines. The dual effect of interior architecture approach on the quality of interior spaces through correct and logical design in accordance with women's physics and reasonable choice of materials appropriate to their mood and mentality, could provide a suitable environment in accordance with the psychological needs of women in residential spaces. Therefore, the main goal could be achieved by using light and warm colors (vibrant colors orange, light red, lemon) on large surfaces and not using dark and opaque colors in small spaces. Also, observing the height proportions and dimensions of the space and breaking the symmetry in order to prevent uniformity in the space could be helpful. And the use of new materials in the floor, ceiling and walls to control the heat and variety in texture, color and shape, change in shapes and home furniture facilitated the dynamism and facilitation of life and daily life for women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - The Study Of Postmodernism And Its Consequences On The Intellectual Foundations
Farah NaderiPostmodernism as a great intellectual movement affected the arts, politics, economics, science, culture, identity, therapeutics and… The present article with help of the documentary and analytical methods intended to analyze the epistemological and sociological d MorePostmodernism as a great intellectual movement affected the arts, politics, economics, science, culture, identity, therapeutics and… The present article with help of the documentary and analytical methods intended to analyze the epistemological and sociological dimensions of Postmodernism and introduce its fundamental principles and finally reviewed the various influences of postmodernism on psychology as an interdisciplinary science. Postmodernism is essentially the logic of negation and rejection of the intellectual foundations of any eternal and universal values, emphasize the relative orientation in all affairs. Identity in this regard as the most important aspects of human personality was affected by the change of semantic relativism of postmodernism and other areas of human thought such as women and men in social status, personal identity and social and therapeutic approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Novin Insurance Company's product diversification strategies using product space theory
َAnvar khosraviInsurance industry in iran is a competitive industry and is of particular importance for companies operating in this industry . one of the competitiveness strategies is diversifying the supply of insurance products . diversification of products is one of the main soluti MoreInsurance industry in iran is a competitive industry and is of particular importance for companies operating in this industry . one of the competitiveness strategies is diversifying the supply of insurance products . diversification of products is one of the main solutions to increase income , profitability and reduce risk . the purpose of this paper is to identify the products that the new insurance company is exposed to comparative advantage or the relative advantage is hidden . the research is done using the mean of data related to the production right of each product during 2016 to 1398 but using the theory of product space and network science . the results of this study showed that the new insurance company has revealed relative advantage ( active ) among 16 insurance products examined in the supply of six products with obvious comparative advantage ( active ) , seven products have partial ( potentially active ) advantages and in supply of three inactive residual products and the probability of activation equal to zero . in the following , the sequence of seven crops with latent relative advantage was determined based on maximum , greedy , high and low grade strategies . finally Borda method were identified as the four strategy of combining and the activation sequence of products with the potential for activation of the new insurance company on the basis of this hybrid strategy of engineering , oil and energy , other aircraft , driver events and third parties . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Sociological Explanation of Modern Identity in Ahvaz and the Factors Affecting it (study the Young people 18 to 42 generations after the Islamic Revolution in the city of Ahvaz)
Farzin Hatami kakesh Nabi&amp;rsquo;ollah Ider ahmadali hesabiIdentities, traits and characteristics, social relationships, maps and membership in social groups are what determine a person's identity. Modern identity has arisen from new developments that along with the changes resulting from globalization and scientific and techno MoreIdentities, traits and characteristics, social relationships, maps and membership in social groups are what determine a person's identity. Modern identity has arisen from new developments that along with the changes resulting from globalization and scientific and technological advances, have occurred in various dimensions of the bio-world of actors and human agencies, and every day we see the spread of this type of identity in the regions. We are different in the world. Correspondingly, individuals' perceptions of themselves, others, and the international community, especially among young people, are changing. This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the increasing tendency to modern identity among the youth of Ahvaz. Therefore, 384 young people aged 18-42 living in Ahvaz were interviewed using a quantitative method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was distributed among these individuals and the data were collected. Findings show that the variables of age, gender, education, socio-economic status, new leisure spending styles and the use of virtual social networks, affect the strengthening of modern identity. According to the results of multivariate regression analysis, the strongest relationship is the relationship between the use of virtual social networks and modern identity with a beta value of 0.305. Accordingly, the use of virtual social networks has been effective on the tendency of young people to modern identity and its dimensions; That is, by increasing or decreasing the use of these networks, the tendency of young people to modern identity and its dimensions will be strengthened or weakened. Among the dimensions of modern identity, only the variable of progressiveness had no significant relationship with the use of virtual social networks. In total, the above factors explain 0.517% of the tendency of young people towards modern identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - The connection between Suhrawardi's beauty and mystical love with modern aesthetics
azarnoosh gilani Sadegh ZamaniBeauty and love in Iran have a very ancient history. Although Iranian writers and poets have spoken much about beauty and love, But they have not given a clear definition of this concept, Rather, they have always found themselves fascinated by beauty and love. The aesth MoreBeauty and love in Iran have a very ancient history. Although Iranian writers and poets have spoken much about beauty and love, But they have not given a clear definition of this concept, Rather, they have always found themselves fascinated by beauty and love. The aesthetic structure that emerges among these research topics, It looks different from what is said in today's aesthetics. Suhrawardi has used the word Hassan in his speech about beauty and has considered Hassan as synonymous with beauty and perfection. The connection between Suhrawardi beauty and love are two fundamental categories that can be cautiously attributed to today's aesthetics. As Bamgarten first put it in a Latin-language book called Aesthetics in the West, which is not entirely about beauty. Rather, parts of it are about beauty, and in fact most of it is about epistemology. However, Suhrawardi also has few references to beauty in his treatise "The Truth of Love" and does not deal directly with aesthetics and art. For this purpose, considering the position of beauty and love in Suhrawardi's intellectual system, in this article, an attempt has been made by citing sources and by descriptive-analytical method. Let us first deal with his treatise "Haghihgat ul Eshgh", Then answer the question: what is beauty and mystical love? And how can it be adapted to modern aesthetics? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Volumetric travel in time ؛ The Role of Eventual Memory in Poetry Poetry; Based on Memory Segmentation from Bergson's View
sadaf mohseni alireza farnamAbstract The purpose of this paper, which is a library and documentary research, is to investigate the role of incidental memory in promoting self-awareness using visual and emotional richness in Forough Farrokhzad's works based on psychological criticism and representa MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper, which is a library and documentary research, is to investigate the role of incidental memory in promoting self-awareness using visual and emotional richness in Forough Farrokhzad's works based on psychological criticism and representation of the two in poetry. In this regard, the difference between soul and body is first discussed from Bergson's point of view; According to him, "soul" and "body" are the only time difference, and the soul and consequently self-awareness are always present in the past and do not look to the past to current events. Therefore, strengthening "random memory", which is a smooth and three-dimensional memory, will play an effective role in increasing self-awareness. In this descriptive and analytical study of content, we intend to increase the level of self-awareness by guiding the reader to use more random memory to have a significant impact on the process of psychotherapy and relief from mental problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Analysis of Parvin Etesami’s poems with an approach on social-psychological component (Case study: prejudice and attraction )
fariba sadeghi Nahid Akbari susan jahanianAbstractEach literacy work shows that each phenomenon directly or indirectly refers to the specific aspect of individual, social, cultural, political, and so on streams in a society based on the worldview and thinking manner of its creator. Obviously, others’ effe MoreAbstractEach literacy work shows that each phenomenon directly or indirectly refers to the specific aspect of individual, social, cultural, political, and so on streams in a society based on the worldview and thinking manner of its creator. Obviously, others’ effect on an individual needs his/her mutual relationship with them. Therefore, social psychology is known as a study of human interaction or the science of studying human beings. It includes many components of community orientation (social influence), aggression, attraction, persuasion, imitation, prejudice, etc. What studied in this research are Parvin Etesami’s poems which is viewed and then analyzed by descriptive-analytical method from the “prejudice” aspect as a social-psychological component in the mentioned personality in her poems. This is to indicate what Parvin Etesami’s view is toward prejudice of personalities in her poems? The results show that Parvin mentions people's prejudices with a critical and poignant view.Keywords: social psychology, prejudice, Parvin Etesami Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - A comparative study of modernity in the poems of Malek al-Shaara Bahar and Haji Kader Koui
kazhal fadakar reza sadeghi shahparOne of the main features in the poetry of the poets of the constitutional era is their new and modern view of various social topics and categories. This topic, especially in the parallel years of the constitutional revolution and after, can be seen more and more in the MoreOne of the main features in the poetry of the poets of the constitutional era is their new and modern view of various social topics and categories. This topic, especially in the parallel years of the constitutional revolution and after, can be seen more and more in the poems of the poets of this era. One of the most important contemporary Iranian poets in this period is Malik al-Shaara Bahar. In this research, the comparison of modernity in the poems of Bahar and Haji Qadir Koui, a Kurdish and Iraqi modernist poet, has been discussed. As it can be seen from their poems, both poets have a new and modernist view in many and different fields, and in this article, an attempt has been made to examine and analyze their views and thoughts about women, religion and science.Scientism, anti-superstition and a new look at women and issues related to her are the common points of both poets, although Haji Qadir paid more attention to ignorance and anti-superstition than Bahar, and Bahar paid more attention to women and her rights than him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - The methods of postmodernism in the Iranian novel Sepideh-Dam based on Brian McHale's theory
Sahar Alikahi Latifeh Salamat Bavil Alireza SalehiPostmodernist theories are divided into two main groups. The first group includes the theories of people like Brillois, Peter Whalen and David Lodge, who provide a list of postmodernist components (uncertainty, paranoia, temporal disorder, etc.). In the second group, th MorePostmodernist theories are divided into two main groups. The first group includes the theories of people like Brillois, Peter Whalen and David Lodge, who provide a list of postmodernist components (uncertainty, paranoia, temporal disorder, etc.). In the second group, the most significant theory has been proposed by Brian McHale, who uses the concept of "dominant element" in Russian-formalism to explain postmodernism and considers the characteristic of postmodernism to be existentialism (as opposed to epistemology, which is the dominant element of modernism).In order to achieve this goal, first of all, the methods and components of the Iranian novel "Sapidh-Dam" are extracted and the elements of the story, concept, form, or form are examined. Then, based on Brian McHale's prevailing theory, which considers the characteristic of postmodern stories to be ontological discussions, it is determined to what extent these methods and components play a role in highlighting the ontological elements of the work. The result shows that in this novel, the author has made good use of the technique of polyphony, uncertainty, short connection, incoherence of the mind and confusion of the characters... in the best way. He placed his novel next to postmodern works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - A comparative investigation into the features of postmodernism in the stories “Tafriq-e-khak” and “dastan-e-viran” by Abutorab Khosravi
Saeed Hessampour Samin kamaliPost-modernism is one of the modern actions in the Persian literature which it is so considered in the narrative literature in a particular way and different works have been created with a post–modernist approach recently. One of the authors who has been affected MorePost-modernism is one of the modern actions in the Persian literature which it is so considered in the narrative literature in a particular way and different works have been created with a post–modernist approach recently. One of the authors who has been affected much more by this action in his short stories is Abootorab khosravi. In this essay, it has been tried to compare and analyze the state of using some of the most important methods of post–modernism in two stories “tafriq-e- khak” and “dastan-e-viran” from this author’s recent collection. For this reason, a brief has been brought from both two narrations at the beginning, then the used methods in each one have been investigated and; consequently, function of these methods has been evaluated with each other. Findings of the study showed that “tafriq-e-khak” story has embossed ontological content as the prominent element of postmodern texts by putting “existence” as the pivotal topic; whereas “dastan-e-viran” has benefited mostly from nominal methods; specially short circuit and consequently attracted the reader to the meta-fictional basis of the work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - The Transition to Modernity in Contemporary Iranian literature from the Interpretive Sociology Approach (Case study ideas of methodological Sadegh Hedayat and Forough Farrokhzad)
Hussein Abolhasan Tanhaei Mahmood Azimi RastaThis paper is a comparative analysis in relation to the transition process of modernity in contemporary Iranian literature based on the dialectical attitude Sadegh Hedayat and Forough Farrokhzad is in the works and their narratives. This study sought to find an appropri MoreThis paper is a comparative analysis in relation to the transition process of modernity in contemporary Iranian literature based on the dialectical attitude Sadegh Hedayat and Forough Farrokhzad is in the works and their narratives. This study sought to find an appropriate answer to this key question was Sadegh Hedayat and Forough Farrokhzad in the transition to modernity in contemporary Iranian literature in their methodological study on the creation of his works have been based on what attitude? The study is Generally based on interpretive sociology approach. Meanwhile, some theoretical perspectives (Mead, Blumer and George Gorvich) in the analysis of important works of Sadegh Hedayat and Forough Farrokhzad was used. as a result, Sadegh Hedayat and Forough Farrokhzad in the transition to modernity in contemporary Iranian literature in terms of methodology and the type of attitude and abductionistic, subscriptions are very close together. methodological research is based on looking at social reality. Accordingly, important works of fiction and non-fiction Sadegh Hedayat and some important poems of Forough Farrokhzad in particular two collections of poetry "birth" and "believe in the cold season" was studied and analyzed. As a result, choose the kind of look and attitude in dealing with the creation of their work, In the transition to modernity in Iranian literature, methods of abductionistic and dialectic process together have fellowed. In terms of methodological abductionistic approach in a dialectical process in creating his art work clearly points were shared. But different on Their methodology is to look beyond gender Forough Farrokhzad, and staying within the traditional male-oriented structure that Sadegh Hedayat could not the distinction tradition and religion and time objectivity are not separate in naturalistic method mutual. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Pioneers of Persian and Arabic poetry; Nima and nazok Almalaekh
Zeynab khorramabadi arani Abuzar ghasemi AraniNima Yooshij (father of Persian poetry) and Nazok Almalaekh, (contemporary poetess of Iraq) pioneer of free verse in Arabic, have some similarities from the viewpoint of time and geography and literature that are valuable to study and review. These two poets became the MoreNima Yooshij (father of Persian poetry) and Nazok Almalaekh, (contemporary poetess of Iraq) pioneer of free verse in Arabic, have some similarities from the viewpoint of time and geography and literature that are valuable to study and review. These two poets became the origens of new feeling and knowledge among the people, they revived their contemporary poetry without deviation of traditions. Familiarity of both poets with European languages and social and political conditions of their society and literature leads to common and similar poetries and being im the poems. In this essay, the author after studying Modern poetry in Persian and Arabic, as well as the lives of two poets, review and analyzes commonalities and differences between the two poets with a comerative approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Comparing Realistic and Modernistic Component Styles with Special Refrence to Ahmad Mahmoud and Mostafa Mostour Short Stories
Manouchehr Tashakori Parvin Golizade Nasrollah Emami Parvane HolousiIran’s south realm with cultural diversity and its special nature is an extra ordinary revelation source for story landscaping. Existence of Sea, large river, palm grove, oil and industry and even heat, which is south original back drop, has yielded that this regi MoreIran’s south realm with cultural diversity and its special nature is an extra ordinary revelation source for story landscaping. Existence of Sea, large river, palm grove, oil and industry and even heat, which is south original back drop, has yielded that this region’s writers utilize the God’s blessing in their works and with this method give their work a kind of style recognition. Actually Khuseztan as one of the most important poles for ecological literature in Iran after revolution and war sustained huge loss because of its writers’ immigration. Also according to political, economic, and social transition speed and as it follows cultural transformation in recent decades, the necessity of investigating these transitions, particularly in literature is sensed more than before. In glance to recent years’ fiction, distancing of this type of literature from realism school is evident and undeniable. It is incontrovertible that the old story writing methods are not responsive to the contemporary human’s mental requirements and psychotic difficulties also changing these methods seem inevitable. Concomitant with emergence of modern and postmodern art and literature in other countries, these literary works has attracted attention and was criticized and investigated. Unfortunately, in Iran critical and essential discussion has been seldom and has opened the arena for unprofessional and tactfully critiques. Therefore, the aim of the presented research is comparing the realism and modernism style constituents with emphasis on short stories of Ahmad Mahmoud and Moustafa Mastour. The research method is analytic-descriptive methodology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - The Manifestation of Nature in Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani’s Poems (M. Sereshk)
Mohammad Taghi Younesi Rostami Hourya Hadypour Ali khooshechinInterest in nature and using natural elements in poems do not limit to special periods of life and humans in (modern and classical) areas of poetry. Using imagination and rhetorical and literary devices, poets attempt to address their desired concepts through nature, Th MoreInterest in nature and using natural elements in poems do not limit to special periods of life and humans in (modern and classical) areas of poetry. Using imagination and rhetorical and literary devices, poets attempt to address their desired concepts through nature, The naturalism of poets is divides into three categories: imitative, descriptive, and interpretative and synthetic. The naturalism approach is in classical poetry significantly different modern from poetry. In Nima Yooshij’s poems, the manifestation of nature was accompanied with different characteristics, including breaking with tradition, new language, special worldview, staying away from the unified order of poets, and presence of native and local elements. One of the poets who addressed the nature and natural elements through symbolism using Nima Yooshij’s view and modern language in the contemporary area is Shafiei Kadkani (M. Sereshk). In analyzing poems, as we move from early books of the poet toward his newer ones, we face more enriched language and conceptual developments. Studies showed that the poet used 18 natural elements more than others. He used terms and compounds, including rain, flower, spring, garden, cloud and wind with the highest frequency for expressing his individual, social, political, cultural and human thoughts relating to his environment and period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Effective antecedents on the learning organization with an emphasis on the mediating role of knowledge leadership
reza bijari alireza manzari tavakoli samaneh mehdizadeh sanjar salajegheThe purpose of this research is the effective antecedents on the learning organization with emphasis on the mediating role of knowledge leadership in the modernization organization, development and equipping of schools in the country. This research is a descriptive and MoreThe purpose of this research is the effective antecedents on the learning organization with emphasis on the mediating role of knowledge leadership in the modernization organization, development and equipping of schools in the country. This research is a descriptive and correlational type of research that was conducted with quantitative data using a survey method. The statistical population of the research included all the employees of the renovation organization, who participated in the research by random-stratified sampling, 269 people, and the data collection tool was two questionnaires made by the researcher of knowledge leadership and factors related to the organization and a standard questionnaire of the Sange learning organization. The reliability of the questionnaires was obtained based on Cronbach's alpha in the questionnaire of related factors (0.923), learning organization (0.893) and knowledge leadership (0.871), and in order to analyze the data, structural equation modeling method and SPSS software AMOS was used. The results showed that the t value of all paths between research variables is greater than 1.96, and as a result, there is a significant relationship between all research variables. The findings of the research showed that the factors related to the learning organization based on knowledge leadership have a good fit in the organization of modernization, development and equipping of schools in the country. Also, the factors related to the organization, knowledge leadership and the learning of the organization were directly and meaningfully connected and confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Anti-authoritarian Thought from aPostmodern Perspective on Architectural Education
Arezo Zandimoheb Hosein Ardalani kimia mazhari fatemeh rafatiPostmodern Philosophers do not consider teaching authoritarianism and the educational system, hierarchy, etc., to be appropriate for some disciplines. In contrast to the authoritarianism that was posed in the modern and earlier years, dialectical and discursive methods MorePostmodern Philosophers do not consider teaching authoritarianism and the educational system, hierarchy, etc., to be appropriate for some disciplines. In contrast to the authoritarianism that was posed in the modern and earlier years, dialectical and discursive methods have been endorsed by postmodernists, this method is well-known for the creative development that is important in the teaching of architecture. The purpose of this paper is to enhance the quality of learning of architecture education by utilizing postmodern teaching methods. This method seems to be much more suitable for teaching architecture and educating designers. The research method is a descriptive-analytical method, in addition to the description of postmodern education and programming, we have analyzed and explained methods for improving the quality of architecture education. Data collection is based on documents, literature and library studies. The theoretical framework was developed based on the theory of anti—authoritarian education and postmodern education. Finally, strategies to improve this are stated. The results of the article do not seek to define the overall structure in education, but by defining multiple structures in architecture education to increase flexibility and, of course, increase the quality of architecture education. By decentralizing the rules and changing the educational topics in different provinces and climates based on different construction methods, better architectural education is achieved. self-creation is one of the main goals of architecture that can be promoted in a postmodern way, decreasing the focus on the teacher's power and focusing more on the individual ability of students in architectural studios. The role of the teacher is visible as an expert and technician, and through this, the student gains a more complete knowledge of himself and his abilities and completes the path of creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Constitutionalism in Political Thought of Mirza Yousef-Khan Mostashar Al-Dowleh
ramin alborzi Massoud GhaffariNineteen century in Iran was the birth period of "The Iranian modernity". In the process of modernizing of Iranian society, two groups played the main role, the intellectuals outside the circle of power and the bureaucrats inside the government. Mirza Yousef K MoreNineteen century in Iran was the birth period of "The Iranian modernity". In the process of modernizing of Iranian society, two groups played the main role, the intellectuals outside the circle of power and the bureaucrats inside the government. Mirza Yousef Khan Mostashar Al-Dowleh (1823-1895AD) was one of the most important modernists of that era, whose treatise "One word" is one of the best texts written in the pre-constitutional era about the importance of paying attention to the constitutionalism of modernism in Iran. The theoretical framework of the article is based on two main paradigms of constitutionalism (the interpretation of the rule of law based on natural rights and the interpretation of the rule of law based on state-oriented rights) and the research method is the "analytical-historical" method. From the analysis and interpretation of the content of Mirza Mostashar's treatise in this article, it was concluded that the fundamental intellectual concern of Mirza Yousef Khan Mostashar Al-Dowleh and his main goal of writing his treatise is the establishment of a modern legal institution (establishing the rule of law) based on natural rights inspired by the declaration of human rights. He was in Iran, but at the same time, he tried to use the capabilities of the traditional legal system of Iran (jurisprudence) in the framework of the modern epistemological understanding of law to build a modern legal system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Essay into the Progressive "Experience" of Mirza Yusuf Khan Mostashar al-Dowleh
Hamed Ameri Golestani Shervin Moghimi ZanjaniYousuf Khan Mostashar al-Dowleh is one of the most important and effective progressivists in the Qajar era. His treatise titled A Word, in spite of concision, has an important role in the constitutional thought during the Nasirid period and the Persian Constitutional Mo MoreYousuf Khan Mostashar al-Dowleh is one of the most important and effective progressivists in the Qajar era. His treatise titled A Word, in spite of concision, has an important role in the constitutional thought during the Nasirid period and the Persian Constitutional Movement. A significant part of modernist view on the law in contemporary Iran is derived from the “status” of Mostashar al-Dowleh as the one of the main constitutionalists who is standing in the crucial place. This Article, by viewing the “Introduction” of A Word as the locus in which the spirit of the work is mentioned, situates the treatise in its modernist context and thereby attempts to show that Mostashar al-Dowleh’s position is completely modern from the law point of view and that is the case in spite of his emphasizing on the traditional “considerations”. We will try to do this by showing that he principally accepts the modernity and then he treats tradition but not vice versa. Therefore, we can consider him as a founder and not as a merely modernist intellectual. Considering this “status”, this article reread A Word and its introduction as a monument struggle to institute “the law” aimed to institutionalization of the government and legalization of the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - The roots of the refusal of modernity and the symbolic sterility of Iranians in the Qajar era
Arash Monshizadegan seyyeh hosseyn athariIran''s encounter with Western civilization is the most important cultural phenomenon in Iran''s history after Iran''s encounter with Islam. On the one hand, it was the West that was attacking and on the other hand, an old Illyrian empire with kings who believed it was MoreIran''s encounter with Western civilization is the most important cultural phenomenon in Iran''s history after Iran''s encounter with Islam. On the one hand, it was the West that was attacking and on the other hand, an old Illyrian empire with kings who believed it was good to maintain the old balance, and for this reason, there is a need to analyze the face of Iranians in the Qajar era with modernity and Its complications should be paid. This research has been organized using the library and documentary tools and phenomenological method, and it seeks to investigate the question of what effect has the gradual invasion of modernity had on Iranians'' perception of facing this new phenomenon? And it is based on the assumption that the complications of the entry of modernity have led to the functional-identity refusal of Iranians and the symbolic sterility of Iranians in adopting a suitable reaction. According to the findings of the research, the Iranian subject, affected by the entry of the western "other" and modernity, suffered infertility and started non-symbolic identification with it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - The Idea of Modernization in the Context of Modern State and Revolutionary Movement in Contemporary Iran
saeed hajinaseri sadegh zafari hatam khaniThe main idea‏ ‏of this paper is to investigate the relationship of ‎conflicting forces, ‎each of which has looked at modernization ‎differently. During the first and second ‎Pahlavi periods, the idea of‏ ‏‏modernization was interpret MoreThe main idea‏ ‏of this paper is to investigate the relationship of ‎conflicting forces, ‎each of which has looked at modernization ‎differently. During the first and second ‎Pahlavi periods, the idea of‏ ‏‏modernization was interpreted by the sovereignty as ‎establishing a ‎modern state and defining new tasks and structures for the state. ‎‎Interpreting modernization as such, in the years leading to the ‎revolution by the ‎Pahlavi, intellectuals criticized this approach. They ‎were looking for a different form of ‎state contrary to Pahlavi's state. ‎Thus, the question is, what type of state were they ‎looking for? To do ‎so, we used the historical-comparative sociological method to probe ‎‎the question. The conclusion is that the modern state raises the ‎modernization idea, and ‎this identification between the two, perhaps, ‎is from the results of the post-‎constitutional era. In the years ‎following September 1941 and 1960-70, intellectuals ‎criticized ‎Pahlavi's modernization and, consequently, annihilated the modern ‎state with ‎all its structures and mechanisms.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Analysis of the components of physical governmentality in Mirza Malekom Khan's political thought
bigom naseri Somayeh Hamidi Hossain farzanepourThe structure of pre-constitutional political power reflects metaphysical governmentality. With the arrival of modernity in Iran, some components of physical governmentality under the name of constitutional government were considered in the minds of intellectuals. The i MoreThe structure of pre-constitutional political power reflects metaphysical governmentality. With the arrival of modernity in Iran, some components of physical governmentality under the name of constitutional government were considered in the minds of intellectuals. The intellectuals of this period knew the reasons for the backwardness of the country and the progress of the West in the differences between the foundations of the governmentality. Among these intellectuals is Mirza Malekom Khan. He sought to lay the groundwork for government reform in Iran. Thus, he tried to correct the shortcomings and make the political system more efficient by criticizing power, and this led to the comparison of the pre-modern, pre-modern society and authoritarian government with the democratic and legitimate West. This descriptive-analytical method and using the main text of Malkom Khan's works seeks to analyze the principles of modern governmentality in his mind and explain the transition to mechanical rule based on law and order in the mind of this intellectual. The result of the present article is that Malkom Khan was a pioneer and propagandist of modernism and considered the solution to get out of Iran's backwardness in adhering to the monarchy, following the idea of freedom and the rule of law and accepting the modern system of government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Historical Sociology of Indigenous Modernity: A Comparative Study of Abbas Milani (1949- ) and Mohammad Tavakoli Targhi (1957- )
Mohammad Jalal Makhani Saeid MakhaniIndigenous modernity in the historical sociology of Iran has always been one of the important and focal issues and different definitions and descriptions of this concept have been presented. The abundance of such descriptions has made these concepts, to a large extent, MoreIndigenous modernity in the historical sociology of Iran has always been one of the important and focal issues and different definitions and descriptions of this concept have been presented. The abundance of such descriptions has made these concepts, to a large extent, turn into abstract and undefined categories. In the following article, the authors try to provide a comparative and critical plan of the content of the works of two scholars in the field, Abbas Milani (1328-H.) and Mohammad Tawakli Targhi (1336-H.), while examining the category of indigenous modernity; Milani and Tavakoli Targhi are among those who believe in indigenous modernization in Iran. For this reason, we will review various aspects of their thought in the following lines by reading their texts so that we can at least explain the evolution of this concept to these two authors and answer this question: How these two thinkers consider the result of modernity as a native continuity in line with Iran's historical-cultural developments and not as an imported development from the western world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Examining the concept of modern rationality in the thought of Seyed Javad Tabatabai
Masome Dastmard Edris Beheshtinia Iraj RanjbarIn this research, we want to answer the question that what is the relationship between the concept of tradition and modern rationality in the thought of Seyyed Javad Tabatabaei and how did he understand the element of modern reason, which is one of the important compone MoreIn this research, we want to answer the question that what is the relationship between the concept of tradition and modern rationality in the thought of Seyyed Javad Tabatabaei and how did he understand the element of modern reason, which is one of the important components of modernity. Tabatabai is one of the modern thinkers who tries to present a new interpretation of the Sunnah. An interpretation that is based on reason and modern science. In this research, we have tried to analyze Tabatabai's point of view based on the views of Descartes and Kant on modern rationality. It seems that Seyyed Javad Tabatabai, with a non-essentialist and non-ethnocentric view of modernity, believes that Kant's view of modern reason, unlike Cartesian view, is not transhistorical and essentialist in nature, but has a historical and contingent nature, and therefore, such a view of modern reason is not incompatible with the tradition of societies, but by relying on this reading of reason, it is possible to understand the dynamic parts of the tradition and remove the rigid parts contaminated with superstitions and ideology. did Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Conceptual developments of authority in the discourse context of public law
Mohammad Lorinejad mohsen ghaemiAuthority as a necessary and vital doctrine for the birth and survival of a state is an understanding that has faced different readings in each of the "pre-modern", "modern" and "post-modern" discourses and judgment platforms. Basically, the question of authority, in te MoreAuthority as a necessary and vital doctrine for the birth and survival of a state is an understanding that has faced different readings in each of the "pre-modern", "modern" and "post-modern" discourses and judgment platforms. Basically, the question of authority, in terms of what kind of power has the right to command the people and the role of the people in granting and delegitimizing the power contained in an individual or institution, is a question that formulates the basis of public law. This article aims to analyze authority with an analytical and ultimately normative thinking, and in the depth of expressing the differences between authority in each of the discourses, achieve a new model for rethinking about authority. Finally, the present article defends this idea and theory that instead of discursive analysis, verbal analysis of authority, it is desirable to include Benbadin justifications for the legitimacy of power while guaranteeing democratic rights and freedoms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Legal analysis of the evolution of the concepts of power and public order in modern global ideas in the postmodern historical period
Mohammad Mirzaei Mehr Kheirollah Parvin Abdul Karim ShahiderThe issue of power is one of the issues that have been continuously discussed and disputed by political and legal thinkers and philosophers. Based on this, different theories have been proposed regarding its meaning. According to many experts, the new approach to the co MoreThe issue of power is one of the issues that have been continuously discussed and disputed by political and legal thinkers and philosophers. Based on this, different theories have been proposed regarding its meaning. According to many experts, the new approach to the concept of power in the context of new thought begins with the views of Thomas Hobbes. As one of the greatest political philosophers of the modern era, he theorized the concept of power for the first time, in which power is expressed based on the concept of sovereignty and in relation to the government. Other thinkers have also taken steps in this way. Looking at Foucault's thoughts in the postmodern era regarding power, a dominant model and intellectual and cultural framework that forms a set of models and theories for a society (paradigm) was created. From this point of view, in the postmodern era, the power and its relations are not concentrated in the government institution, but are plural in the society network, and public order is based on the principle of difference and specificity of individuals and groups. The aspects of power transformations in the postmodern era include: denial of the political nature of power, productive and positive nature of power, networkedness and fluidity of power relations, and denial of meta-narratives that legitimize power. Power and public order are two related categories in modern legal and political thought; Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Modernism and creativity in 21st-century police changes
Gholamhossein BiabaniInnovation and Creativity in the 21st Century Police Changes Abstract Background: Police perspective in the mid- 21st century has tremendously ‎changed and has created dreams police have in their roles in the society and it ‎might require that these dreams chan MoreInnovation and Creativity in the 21st Century Police Changes Abstract Background: Police perspective in the mid- 21st century has tremendously ‎changed and has created dreams police have in their roles in the society and it ‎might require that these dreams change so that it is to the benefit of both police ‎and the society. The police we know today have faced a difficult route and ‎possess polycentric and proliferating origins. Therefore; our environment is ‎changing rapidly. Therefore; the future police chiefs will encounter important ‎choices every day.‎ Objective: The present article intends to show what changes have innovation and ‎creativity made in the 21st century policing and that whether this innovation has ‎been effective in police mission and if police can directly benefit from innovative ‎knowledge or benefit from the existing technology.‎ Research Method: The method used in this article is of applied type in terms of ‎nature and descriptive-analytical type, as well.‎ Findings: In the mid twenty century, policing transformed abruptly. “A silent ‎revolution” has occurred. Non-governmental police increasingly developed and ‎police monopoly over policing was quickly fading. The wave that seemed non-‎ending and appeared to move in one direction, changed direction abruptly and ‎subsided. The reconstruction- based evidence of this polycentric policing was the ‎growth of private security which is now larger than governmental policing (in ‎terms of staff) in most parts of the world.‎ Conclusion: In particular, policing is a job related to “people and information”. ‎Therefore; police leaders and chiefs in all countries need to be aware of trends. In ‎addition, there is a need to understand how information is collected, exchanged ‎and used and the consequences of these activities should be investigated, as well.‎ Key Words: Innovation, Creativity, Change, Police, Challenge Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - The role of blogs in modern educational systems
M . Hashmi B. GhassemiIn developing countries need to provide some new and effective strategies to improve teaching and learning processes. The purpose of these educational institutions is preparing teachers and students and educating them to effectively participate in future classes. Today& MoreIn developing countries need to provide some new and effective strategies to improve teaching and learning processes. The purpose of these educational institutions is preparing teachers and students and educating them to effectively participate in future classes. Today’s traditional classroom courses unlike last will be equipped devices such as data projectors and playback devices that have audio and video content. Words such as electronic banking, electronic government, electronic books and electronic mail, electronic learning, virtual universities, distance learning, electronic journals and electronic library to be heard everywhere. Today e-learning tools include: web browsers, web writing, the e-mail, virtual world tools, mobile learning, podcast, etc, among these blogs as one of the most popular and powerful tools for e-learning environment currently is shaping educational, political, social, cultural and man today. Blog technology is more user-friendly day to day and popular due to its ease in creating and managing a blog. Many bloggers, teachers, writers and Authors, and even students use blogs to exchange knowledge and scientific achievements and their research and even released a platform for expressing personal opinions. Today, classrooms in developed countries and developing extensive use of blogs have become a necessity. Through blogs, Parents will be notified curriculum issues and even his attendance students. In this paper we survey the importance and application of various blogs as an educational tool in modern educational systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - The Effects of Employing New Teaching Methods on Creativity and Academic Achievement of Students
Maryam Rahimimand Abbas Abbas PourBackground: employing appropriate teaching methods is considered to be among the basic needs of improving quality of teaching. Most educational psychologists and educational trainers believe that learning setting should be organized in such a way that each student be ab MoreBackground: employing appropriate teaching methods is considered to be among the basic needs of improving quality of teaching. Most educational psychologists and educational trainers believe that learning setting should be organized in such a way that each student be able to practice based on acquired capabilities. Objective: This research was performed to study the effect of employing various teaching methods (traditional, oral question, scientific display and group discussion) on creativity and academic achievement of students. Method: The research was performed by quasi-experimental method. Statistical population were consisted of students of different majors from the Teachers’ Training Universities in Alborz province in which according to proportional stratified random sampling methods, some 270 students were selected as sample size. Study tools were Abedi creativity questionnaire test and researcher-made questionnaire of academic achievement. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Multivarieate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Tukey's test were used to test hypotheses. Results: Results showed that the amount of student’s creativity and academic achievement is different in terms of various teaching methods (lecture, oral question, scientific display, discussion, group participation). Also, study results showed that student’s creativity and academic achievement was increased by discussion and group participation more than other methods. Therefore, methods of scientific display, oral question, and traditional method (lecture), respectively affects students’ creativity. Conclusions: Students trained by modern education methods have higher creativity and academic achievement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Examining the Dual Postmodernism Indicators in Novel "Hast ya Nist" by Sara Salar
Soheila Asadi hesam ziaee Hossein MansourianPostmodernism is the third period in the history of human thought. In this period, which includes from the end of the 19th century until today, the creation of reality replaces the discovery of reality. Many contemporary story writers in Iran have also written this stor MorePostmodernism is the third period in the history of human thought. In this period, which includes from the end of the 19th century until today, the creation of reality replaces the discovery of reality. Many contemporary story writers in Iran have also written this story style under the influence of the works of the postmodern writers of the West. One of these writers is Sara Salar, who introduced her art as a post-modern writer in the novel "Hast ya Nist" with elements such as denial of truth, skepticism, uncertainty, contradiction, giving originality to the reader's mind and passing the time while listing the postmodern elements in the novel or not. This research tries to provide a reasoned answer to this question:" Which postmodern elements did Sara Salarder use more in this novel?" And what is her place among postmodern storytellers? In this research, the authors specifically defined the characteristics of postmodern stories and their categories using the analytical descriptive method, and the findings of the study showed that the change of perspective and uncertainty are the most important features of postmodernism in this novel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Dialectics of Tradition and Modernity in Iranian Political Literature; A Comparative Study of Two Stories "Farsi Shekar ast" and "Rajole Siasi"
Somayyeh AliAkbarzadeh mandana alimi Ali FallahMohammad Ali Jamalzadeh Esfahani is one of the famous writers who has always criticized Iran's political situation in his works with humor. In this article, the authors try to use the comparative method of Jamalzadeh's two works with the titles "Farsi She MoreMohammad Ali Jamalzadeh Esfahani is one of the famous writers who has always criticized Iran's political situation in his works with humor. In this article, the authors try to use the comparative method of Jamalzadeh's two works with the titles "Farsi Shekar ast" and "Rajale Siasi" by using political satire and answer this main question: "How and in what concepts have categorized the conflict between tradition and modernity by Jamalzadeh in the two stories of the Farsi Shekar ast and Rajole Siasi?" The hypothesis of the article emphasizes that these two works of Jamalzadeh are mainly based on humor and critical discourse, with the aim of correcting the chaotic political, social, and cultural situation of his society. The findings showed that Jamalzadeh's story "Farsi Shekar ast" has four macro institutional concepts of tyranny and corruption; the politicization of Iranian society shows the deep class divide and the dialectic of imported culture and traditional identity. But in the story of "Rajole Siasi", Jamalzadeh examines the society of Iran in certain times and conditions and refers to the fate of the people falling into the hands of those who have no expertise at all. In this regard, politics as wealth and prosperity, lack of meritocracy, political vulgarization, lack of understanding of political issues and lack of expertise, instability of the masses in the form of "political atmosphere, political encouragement and false heroization and political lobbying are the most important things that Jamalzadeh mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Analysis of the discourse of protest poetry in the poetry of Ahmad Shamloo and Siavash Kasraei (based on the analysis of the discourse of Laclau and Mouffe)
Laleh Erfanian mahdi novrooz BATOOL FAKHR -E- ESLAM Farzad AbbasiThe main issue in discourse analysis is the transition from explaining linguistic data to effective processes in discourse formation. The effort is on to investigate the characteristics and protest aspects of two contemporary poets, Shamlou and Kasraei, based on the des MoreThe main issue in discourse analysis is the transition from explaining linguistic data to effective processes in discourse formation. The effort is on to investigate the characteristics and protest aspects of two contemporary poets, Shamlou and Kasraei, based on the descriptive-analytical approach and based on the model of Laclau and Mouffe's discourse analysis. As a poet, Shamlou does not accept the established social order, His political and social goals gradually lead to a simple philosophical and revolutionary worldview. However, Kasraei is not as disappointed with social change as poets like the Third Brotherhood, nor is he as pleased with philosophical and social propositions as Shamlou, but he is a committed poet in every sense of the word.Based on the elements involved in Laclau and Moffe's discourse theory, it can be said that Shamlou was inherently a poet incompatible with the spirit of his time. Shamlou's poetry considered all the vital elements of society to be a distorted construction of the ideological realms of political sovereignty, Therefore, protest in such a society is considered a sacred movement. On the other hand, Kasraei's allegorical and symbolic initial approach, and finally his revolutionary and guerrilla poetry, made him a supporter and encourager of a socialist and popular revolution. Based on this, the present study tries to study of Laclau and Mouffe's analysis discourse, namely articulation, identity, conflict and alienation, hegemony and mythology in the poems of these two important poets of contemporary Iranian history. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - The effect of modernity on modernization of Persian (Iranian) Poetry in 1950s and 1960s
Golnar Yaghmaei Sayed Mohammad Bagher Kamaladdini mahmoud sadeghzadeh (Surveying the Mashruteh Literature (the literature produced after the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1950s) and the influence of the Western civilization, the present study investigates the characteristics of Persian poetry in terms of form and conte More (Surveying the Mashruteh Literature (the literature produced after the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1950s) and the influence of the Western civilization, the present study investigates the characteristics of Persian poetry in terms of form and content in 1950s and 1960s. The literature of the period is characterized by deconstructing the archaic poetic patterns and meters while preserving the notion of meter and rhyming words followed by French symbolism, by symbolic adaptation of socio-political themes, by emphasizing the ambiguous aspects of the language by the emergence of free verse and. Moreover, the emergence of guerrilla poetry, the popularization of a hallucinatory language and far-fetched concepts in poetry and the revival of the Islamic identity particularly in 1950s are what define poetry of the period. Modernism has influence the poetry of the period directly (through familiarization with the Western literature) and indirectly (through forming various social classes and sectors, cultural movements and the interaction between them). The debates among the advocates of the classic forms and the supporters of the “new poetry,” the divergences between “new wave” poets and “new poetry” movement are reflective of theemergence of newly-formed sections and cultural movements that were all either the fruit of modernism or activated as the result of it.) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Discourse and postmodern elements in the poems of Seyed Mehdi Mousavi
Zainab Watankhah Seyyed Mahmoud Seyed Sadeghi Maryam Parhizkari Persian classical poetry, especially lyric , in continuation of its evolution, after the constitutional revolution and after the intellectual domination of the Nimaei current, has witnessed various areas and currents, one of which is mainly under the banner of tod More Persian classical poetry, especially lyric , in continuation of its evolution, after the constitutional revolution and after the intellectual domination of the Nimaei current, has witnessed various areas and currents, one of which is mainly under the banner of today's lyric or new lyric or neoclassical poetry. Be. In the 1970s, a fledgling movement based on the idea of Western postmodernism created an atmosphere known as form poetry or avant-garde. Which in its nature had a kind of conflict with the known criteria of the literary tradition. Seyyed Mehdi Mousavi, the leading poet of this movement, became the flagship of this style with the publication of the book "fereshtaha kodkosh kardand". This article seeks to analyze the discourse of this idea and the linguistic and content characteristics and approaches of Mousavi's poems.The method of the present research is qualitative and descriptive. In this research, the mentioned poems have been examined and the findings of the research show: The idea of postmodernism, which showed itself in literature, was initially faced by the poems of the poets Nosora and SepidgooBut with effort Mousavi and the choice of rhythmic and maqfi poetry has been able to open its way.The next finding shows that linguistic, syntactic, moral and attention to language deconstructions are evident in Mousavi's poetry. Manuscript profile -
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248 - هانسبری نمایش نامه نویسی جهانی یا نمایش نامه نویسی محلی: تحلیل "نشانه در پنجره سیدنی بروستاین" در پرتو دیدگاه های راجر دی. آبراهامز
Maryam Jalali Farahaniبرخی از منتقدان، لورین هانسبری، نمایش‌نامه‌نویس زن آفریقایی آمریکایی را به دلیل نوشتن «نشانه در پنجره سیدنی بروستاین» به عنوان نمایش‌نامه‌نویسی جهانی ستوده اند و برخی دیگر او را به خیانت به ادبیات آفریقایی آمریکایی و اجدادش متهم کردند. این مطالعه با به‌کارگی Moreبرخی از منتقدان، لورین هانسبری، نمایش‌نامه‌نویس زن آفریقایی آمریکایی را به دلیل نوشتن «نشانه در پنجره سیدنی بروستاین» به عنوان نمایش‌نامه‌نویسی جهانی ستوده اند و برخی دیگر او را به خیانت به ادبیات آفریقایی آمریکایی و اجدادش متهم کردند. این مطالعه با به‌کارگیری مفهوم "دلالت"، ارائه شده توسط راجر دیوید آبراهامز، فولکلوریست آمریکایی در این نمایش‌نامه، نشان میدهد که هانسبری به مشارکت خود در ادبیات آفریقایی آمریکایی و پسا استعماری ادامه داده است. اما این بار با گسترش تمرکز خود بر ظلم و ستم و به طور کلی افراد ستمدیده در کل جهان به این مهم پرداخته است. مفهوم "دلالت" آبراهامز مطرح شده و مواضع و نمونه‌هایی از آن در نمایش‌نامه کشف شده است. این مقاله نتیجه می‌گیرد که لورین هانسبری نه تنها به عنوان یک نمایش‌نامه‌نویس آمریکایی آفریقایی تبار، بلکه به عنوان یک نویسنده جهانی با نوشتن "نشانه در پنجره سیدنی بروستاین" به شهرت خود می‌رسد. Manuscript profile -
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249 - Examining the performance of management and leadership in Transnational organizations (postmodernism) with an interpretive approach
هما درودی keyvan farsandajLeadership as the creator of change and management as the guide of change play two very important and strategic roles in the management of transnational organizations. The performance of adaptive systems in transnational organizations is greatly affected by the performa MoreLeadership as the creator of change and management as the guide of change play two very important and strategic roles in the management of transnational organizations. The performance of adaptive systems in transnational organizations is greatly affected by the performance of its leaders and managers. The performance of these two roles in 3 compatible - incompatible and neutral areas is continuously ongoing. In this research, by studying the characteristics of trans-oriented organizations (post-modernism) which have an interpretative approach and comparing them with systemic and contingent (modern) organizations, the functional role components of management and leadership (interpersonal - communication and decision-making) have been explained in the areas of synergy (compatible) - cohesion (incompatible) and independence (neutral). The performance of trans-oriented manager and trans-oriented leader was observed in post-modern organizations. Playing the role of only high supervision and finally consulting and avoiding executive actions for the fraternal leaders in incompatible areas and maximum compliance with the points of view of the post modernist managers helps to reduce the conflict of their communication and functional roles very effectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - An Introduction to Philosophy of Archaeology
Hekmat Allah MollasalehiThis article speculates the categorization of different way of approach to understanding of Archaeology as an academic discipline or as a body of scientific methods of research with its own cognitive or epistemological possibilities and inadequacies. But this proposed c MoreThis article speculates the categorization of different way of approach to understanding of Archaeology as an academic discipline or as a body of scientific methods of research with its own cognitive or epistemological possibilities and inadequacies. But this proposed categorization as any theoretical or logical categorization produces its own conventional character. One area of approaching to understand archaeology is very primary and immediate has disciplinary quality. The second category of approaching to understand archaeology is interdisciplinary and historical approach or sociological as well as anthropological approach to represent archaeology comparatively among different academics discipline or sciences. The third category of approaching to understand the nature of archaeology as a discipline or as a body of scientific research has extraarchaeological and secondary or theoretical as well as philosophical quality. Philosophy of archaeology belongs to this area of extra-archaeological category of approach to understanding the nature of archaeology. Manuscript profile -
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251 - Analysis and design of modern houses using artificial intelligence
sepehr Karimi Rad Mohammad Jodeiri Abbasi reza fathipour -
Open Access Article
252 - Computer Arithmetic in modern computers and usages of Computer Arithmetic
pouya shams ahari -
Open Access Article
253 - Analyzing the Intellectual Evolutions of Architectural Design during the Pahlavi Era
Samaneh Soltanzadeh Masoud Yousefi Tazakor Iman Raeisi Mostafa Kiani -
Open Access Article
254 - Pathology of religious education, with regard to, foundations of religious epistemology of Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd’s modernistic view.
hassan bagheri nia محسن ایمانی علیرضا صادق زاده قمصری سیدمهدی سجادیReligious Revivalist, are a group of intellectuals who have sought a philosophical explanation of Modernity principles and their relevant with tradition, especially religious ideas. One of the issues raised in this context is the quiddity and how religious education. Ab MoreReligious Revivalist, are a group of intellectuals who have sought a philosophical explanation of Modernity principles and their relevant with tradition, especially religious ideas. One of the issues raised in this context is the quiddity and how religious education. Abu zayd believes to the objectivity of ethics and values and respect the principles of monotheism-freedom of reason from the myths and illusions and avoid of dogmatism- and justice in his opinion. Because of his view, the principle of monotheism, prevent the entry of religious education to indoctrination and brainwashing. And the principle of justice is considered as a principle, precedence over religion. He believes that adherence to tradition is the decline. Past tradition turns into a mental memory of people, and becomes absolute and therefore, can block human cognition and causing the crisis. Rationality, freedom and justice are the goals of religious education from the Abu zayd‘s perspective. Rationality will prevent the ignorance and brainwashing. - Inaction against the emotion power- and freedom prevent slavery, and justice prevent injustice. His views of religious education should be based on individual free will. In his view superficiality in understanding the verses is religious pest. He emphasizes on goal oriented Islam instead of religious text. Because religious text can be convert to idolatry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - Rationality and modernism in the thought and works of Mohammad Ali Foroughi
Mohamad Ali nobakht maghsood ranjbar Ali mohseniThe inefficiency and backwardness of the structure of the political system ruling Iran during the Qajar period did not bring any achievements for the Iranian nation except poverty, disease and humiliation. Hence, the elites tried to create a change in the paradigm of th MoreThe inefficiency and backwardness of the structure of the political system ruling Iran during the Qajar period did not bring any achievements for the Iranian nation except poverty, disease and humiliation. Hence, the elites tried to create a change in the paradigm of thought that governs the traditional Iranian system and an important change in the Iranian intellectual space by combining rationality and modernism. The aim of the present study is to measure the relationship between rationality and modernism in the works and ideas of Mohammad Ali Foroughi "Zaka-ol-Molk". Foroughi with deep thinking and avoidance of extremist tendencies and study of new philosophical and political ideas of the West, which was unprecedented among the political elites until his time; He had a deep and measured understanding of the political body of Iran. With a realistic vision and focusing his power on political enlightenment and translation, he wrote classical texts of Western culture, lecturing and writing articles; Introduced modern philosophical, economic and political ideas to Iranians. The main research question is that; To what extent has rationality and modernism influenced the thought and works of Mohammad Ali Foroughi? And the hypothesis of the present article is that Mohammad Ali Foroughi had a better understanding of rationality and modernism than the modernist elites of his time and his effort was to create a coherent and measured writings in intellectual development, intellectual maturity and the creation of modern institutions theoretical and practical role Manuscript profile -
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256 - The effectiveness of modern medical practices and institutions and its role in the development of modern medicine in Qajar era
valiulah qahremani asl Mir Asadolah Salehi Panahi Naser Sedqi Shahrzad SasanpurSeveral factors were involved in the development of modern medicine in Qajar era. This research method is documents and library. We use set of medical factors in scientific websites and also collected documents and books and using descriptive and analytical method in tr MoreSeveral factors were involved in the development of modern medicine in Qajar era. This research method is documents and library. We use set of medical factors in scientific websites and also collected documents and books and using descriptive and analytical method in trying to answer this question: What medical factors involved in the development of modern medicine and led to its prevalence in society are the Qajar era? The following hypothesis were made in response: Since the medical issues associated with health and replace modern medicine instead of traditional medicine in most cases, the health and vitality of people seemed guarantee so effective in changing people's view of modern medicine and has been pivotal. In this context, the impact of medical factors such as: Institutions of medical, health and education, not meeting people's expectations of traditional medicine, education of medicine in new ways, the application of modern scientific methods by foreign doctors in treating patients and legalization of medicine in development of modern medicine were studied. The following results were obtained in addition to the above legalization of medical affairs was effective in sustainability and continued use of the latest achievements of modern medicine. Manuscript profile -
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257 - Historical Perspective renovation and development of Khuzestan (Based on declaration of free shipping in the Karun River and oil exploration/production)
محمدرضا علم علی لجم اورک مرادیHistorical Perspective renovation and development of Khuzestan (Based on declaration of free shipping in the Karun River and oil exploration/production) Modernization and development are of the most important issues for historical, economic and sociological study in the MoreHistorical Perspective renovation and development of Khuzestan (Based on declaration of free shipping in the Karun River and oil exploration/production) Modernization and development are of the most important issues for historical, economic and sociological study in the special area. Modernization and development process in the Khuzestan have vital effect in the inhabitant’s life and even whole country for example political life, social, economic and cultural aspects. The reasons for this development started In 1306 AH / 1888 AC, during the Naser Aldine Shah Qajar time and the Karun free shipping, and then continued with exploration and extraction of oil in 1907 in the Masjed Soleiman. This study aim is investigation about reasons for Khuzestan development based on free shipping in the Karun River and oil exploration/production. In this study was used from describe and analyzes method on original historical information. Keyword: Keyword: Khuzestan, Modernization and development, Karun, oil exploration&production, Company-city Manuscript profile -
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258 - West and modernity in terms of Mirza Malkam Khan
Amin Deilami Moezzi Habibollah Abolhasan ShiraziMalkam Khan's thinking was based on the principles on which the spread of Western civilization around the world is not only a matter of history, but also a transformation of the conditions of the evolution of social life and the cause of human happiness and prosperity. MoreMalkam Khan's thinking was based on the principles on which the spread of Western civilization around the world is not only a matter of history, but also a transformation of the conditions of the evolution of social life and the cause of human happiness and prosperity. Therefore, the condition of wisdom from his point of view is to accept the ritual of European civilization from heart and soul, and to develop our thinking for the evolution of history and the spirit of time. For this reason, he calls for fundamental reform in the apparatus of the Supreme Court, with the help of Western science and principles, which makes it a prerequisite for other developments. Against Islamists, there were Western-oriented intellectuals who were fascinated west and Western values, law and customary rule as well as separation of religion and politics, etc. This stream, which constituted a broad spectrum, suggested that Iran-Western prosperity is all about being Westernized by comparing and measuring Iran-West. People like Mirza Malkam Khan, who were directly incompatible with Islam, believed that people should be thoroughly westernized. Manuscript profile -
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259 - The Ottoman Empire and the modernism of Amir Kabir
Taleb Abedi Kalesar Muhammad Reza RoozbehaniAbstract: Amir Kabir's modernist thoughts and its evolution period are rooted in his four-year embassy in the Ottoman Empire. During this period, he became acquainted with the reformist settings and developments of Ottoman society. The modernist developments of Ottoman MoreAbstract: Amir Kabir's modernist thoughts and its evolution period are rooted in his four-year embassy in the Ottoman Empire. During this period, he became acquainted with the reformist settings and developments of Ottoman society. The modernist developments of Ottoman society are instructive and instructive for Amir Kabir And led to his intellectual transformation, and when he came to power he modeled on the Ottoman arrangements in his modernist actions. This research is a documentary attempt based on authentic historical documents, with a research-oriented approach to clarify how developments affect Ottoman society is written on the modernist thoughts of Mirza Taghi Khan Amir Kabir in the era of adjustments.Key words : Ottoman Empire Amir Kabir adjustment Modernization Iran. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - polices and on the politics of first pahlavi
mohamad ahmadabadi rahim mosaviThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating "the role of order in Pahlavi's modernization policies" by descriptive-analytical method and relying on archival documents and library resources. Reza Shah's modernist measures and his corrective plans were follo MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating "the role of order in Pahlavi's modernization policies" by descriptive-analytical method and relying on archival documents and library resources. Reza Shah's modernist measures and his corrective plans were followed largely by relying on military forces, including discipline. Using the leverage of power and pressure, the government could somehow help the Pahlavi government in its advancement, as the intervention and intervention in the religious ceremonies, especially the mourning of the people in Muharram, made efforts to implement the uniform law of dressing and the law of discovery Hijab, interference in judicial affairs related to the administration of justice, political activities and presiding over the party of anti-barbarism, interference in parliamentary election affairs and control of deputies, monitoring and censorship of materials in the press and books of origin, taking over responsibilities on the radio And cinema and ado According to the regulations, the registration of civilians is one of the most important steps that has been taken by the order in the modernization process based on the modernization policies of the first Pahlavi era. Manuscript profile -
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261 - Sociological analysis of thoughts of political, social and cultural elites of Iran From tradition to modernity in the Qajar period As Narrated in Travel Memoirs of Foreigners
kamran hadadi mostafa azkia mansour vosooghiAbstract: The purpose of this research is to achieve some of the hidden angles of contemporary Iranian history during the Qajar period, based on the reports that have been given in travel memoirs of foreigners. This article is based on the method of qualitative text ana MoreAbstract: The purpose of this research is to achieve some of the hidden angles of contemporary Iranian history during the Qajar period, based on the reports that have been given in travel memoirs of foreigners. This article is based on the method of qualitative text analysis and it attempts to review the texts of foreign travel memoirs and extract data, concepts, topics, and ideas for interpreting the events of this period. According to the findings of this paper, Qajar elites were those who tried to make changes in the country's progress, but failed because of the government's ineffectiveness or the influence of the state or foreign intervention. In addition to what is seen in this text, The political, social, and cultural elites of the Qajar era never had a true and true picture of progress in the West and its foundations Key words: tradition, modernity, change, political and cultural elite, progress, west, colonialism. Manuscript profile -
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262 - The First attempt and challenges of Iranian merchants Commercial in the Process of Establishing a Lawful System of Governance and the Modern State in constitutional Period
Soheila Torabi FarsaniBefore the advent of constitutionalism , social and economic insecurity , legal instability, abrogation of verdicts passed by Mujtahids, lack of any established laws, possibility of confiscation of wealth, and an intrusion of foreign capital into the country provided di MoreBefore the advent of constitutionalism , social and economic insecurity , legal instability, abrogation of verdicts passed by Mujtahids, lack of any established laws, possibility of confiscation of wealth, and an intrusion of foreign capital into the country provided discontent for the Iranian merchants’. By this time, the merchants had gained a thorough familiarity with the West through the advocation of theoretical basis of the Western thought by the intellectuals and the newspapers. The merchants participated in the constitutional revolution and took part in the first Majlis in which they tried to pass laws to ensure liberty for all citizens, public participation in the political affairs of the country and government transparency. In this paper it has been tried to examine the Role of merchants in these development based on the available documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - The Review of Sa'adi's place in intellectuals' thought in the Constitutional Era (Emphasizing of Theory MirzaAqa Khan Kermani)
abbas sarafrazi ali baghdardelgoshaThe purpose of this research is reviewing of Sa'adi's place and the extent of his influence on thoughts and the works of intellectual constitutional era with emphasis on the ideas of MirzaAqa Khan Kermani. Intellectualism that due to the more realistic attitude among co MoreThe purpose of this research is reviewing of Sa'adi's place and the extent of his influence on thoughts and the works of intellectual constitutional era with emphasis on the ideas of MirzaAqa Khan Kermani. Intellectualism that due to the more realistic attitude among contemporaries takes a different approach to study about Sa'adi. The importance of addressing this issue in the constitutional era, the reason is that in this era, intellectuals in addition to political and social criticism, for the first time via a modernizing approach also try to discussing on literary criticism. This study has been collected based on the historical evidences and descriptive - analytical method. This paper examines the influence of MirzaAqa Khan Kermani on Saadi's ideas, and show its imitation of Golestan book in writing Rezvan thesis (Resale Rezvan). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - Historical Perspective renovation and development of Khuzestan
mohammadreza alam ali moradiModernization and development are of the most important issues for historical, economic and sociological study in the special area. Modernization and development process in the Khuzestan have vital effect in the inhabitant’s life and even whole country for example MoreModernization and development are of the most important issues for historical, economic and sociological study in the special area. Modernization and development process in the Khuzestan have vital effect in the inhabitant’s life and even whole country for example political life, social, economic and cultural aspects. The reasons for this development started In 1306 AH / 1888 AC, during the Naser Aldine Shah Qajar time and the Karun free shipping, and then continued with exploration and extraction of oil in 1907 in the MasjedSoleiman. This study aim is investigation about reasons for Khuzestan development based on free shipping in the Karun River and oil exploration/production. In this study was used from describe and analyzes method on original historical information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - Look at the necessity of authoritarian modernization "Marde Azad"
aliakbar khedrizadeh fatemeh daneshshakibOne of the main features of the political economy literature in the years following the 1299 coup d's dominance of the discourse of enlightened authoritarianism (authoritarian modernization) is the third generation of intellectuals modernization Revolution frustration a MoreOne of the main features of the political economy literature in the years following the 1299 coup d's dominance of the discourse of enlightened authoritarianism (authoritarian modernization) is the third generation of intellectuals modernization Revolution frustration among some political activists, many social and political crisis remains widespread in Iran and the First World War, the idea of armed dictators in some developing countries such as Turkey can be the key drivers of change in political discourse The Constitutional shine as tyranny. In this regard, the need for modernization and sovereign state has the most extensive literature of the period reflect Marde Azad by Ali Akbar Davar in 1301 emissions rose from the publications pro-powerful state that the role of government control in the modernization of the economic, administrative and cultural beliefs have a deep reform only through coercion, may be considered. This article has been read in some newspaper articles "Marde Azad" to introduce and examine ideas on the need to modernize this publication is authoritative in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - West and modernity in terms of Mirza Malkam Khan
amin d.moezi habiballah a.shirazi کاظم جلالی فرهاد سجادیMalkam Khan's thinking was based on the principles on which the spread of Western civilization around the world is not only a matter of history, but also a transformation of the conditions of the evolution of social life and the cause of human happiness and prosperity. MoreMalkam Khan's thinking was based on the principles on which the spread of Western civilization around the world is not only a matter of history, but also a transformation of the conditions of the evolution of social life and the cause of human happiness and prosperity. Therefore, the condition of wisdom from his point of view is to accept the ritual of European civilization from heart and soul, and to develop our thinking for the evolution of history and the spirit of time. For this reason, he calls for fundamental reform in the apparatus of the Supreme Court, with the help of Western science and principles, which makes it a prerequisite for other developments. Against Islamists, there were Western-oriented intellectuals who were fascinated west and Western values, law and customary rule as well as separation of religion and politics, etc. This stream, which constituted a broad spectrum, suggested that Iran-Western prosperity is all about being Westernized by comparing and measuring Iran-West. People like Mirza Malkam Khan, who were directly incompatible with Islam, believed that people should be thoroughly westernized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - The Effect of Traditional Structures of the Qajar Era on the Discontinuity of the First Political Parties in Iran
hamidreza.bahary@yahoo.com bahari Bahman Keshavarz Ghasem Abad asghar partovi mahdi khoshkhattiThe first experience to form a party in Iran dates back to the constitutional era. However, the first constitutional political parties could not have a dynamic life and soon disappeared. In this article, we try to answer the question: "What factors were influential in t MoreThe first experience to form a party in Iran dates back to the constitutional era. However, the first constitutional political parties could not have a dynamic life and soon disappeared. In this article, we try to answer the question: "What factors were influential in the discontinuity of the first political parties of the constitutional era?”. To answer this question, we have hypothesized that "the existence of a traditional structure and the lack of manifestations of Iranian modernity at that time did not create the necessary grounds for the emergence of parties. Modernization by creating social mobility increases the desire for political participation in groups and individuals of the community. Thus, political parties will emerge at certain stages of modernization. In this research, the authors use historical documentation and the library method Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Epistemological Foundations and Historical Characteristics of the Paradigm of Religious Modernity in Iran
Seyed Mohamad Ebrahimi Hoseini Ali Asghar Davoodi saeed gazeraniReligious modernity in Iran arose after the emergence of new philosophical ideas in the West and was influenced by the arrival of sparks of modernity in the country. Although the technological advances and manifestations of western civilization had attracted attention, MoreReligious modernity in Iran arose after the emergence of new philosophical ideas in the West and was influenced by the arrival of sparks of modernity in the country. Although the technological advances and manifestations of western civilization had attracted attention, but for some the spirit and philosophical and ideological foundations of the innovative thoughts and ideas of that land had become more and more attractive. The constitutional movement also broadened the horizons of this vision and provided the ground for the emergence of a diverse range of religious modernists; A group that sought to purify religion from extremes and superstitions, to individuals and groups who doubted the principles of religion and believed in purity. The purpose of this article is to explain the epistemological foundations and how the paradigm of religious modernity was formed in Iran; Assuming that religious modernity in Iran emerged as a synthesis of the challenge of tradition and modernity from active post-constitutional discourses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - The Effect of Paternalism on the Restriction of Individuals' Private Rights
peyman mirhadi Mahmood shahidi alireza entezariPaternal expediency is a phenomenon in which the state-government plays a protective role for members of the society under its paternal protection and decisions. It illustrates the idea that modern governments, in some areas of private law, take over the management and MorePaternal expediency is a phenomenon in which the state-government plays a protective role for members of the society under its paternal protection and decisions. It illustrates the idea that modern governments, in some areas of private law, take over the management and initiative of certain aspects of private law affairs of the society members. This might ultimately lead to a decline in respected principles such as the rule of will.In addition to examining the limiting instances of paternalistic attitudes in the field of private law, this paper will investigate the contrast between such patern­ali­s­t­i­c expediencies of the modern state on the basis of promoting distributive justice, which traditionally supported the weak party in the form of commutative justice, often common in private contracts, in order to determine the incompatibility of independence and autonomy of citizens with the main issue. Identifying the adverse effects of this phenomenon is a step towards establishing desirable justice Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - Modern Government and the Political System of the New Divisions of the Country: An Important Factor in the Uneven and Unstable Development of the Lori-Speaking Areas in Iran
Hooshang Kiani Dehkian Hamed Ameri Gholstani Fereydoon Akbarzade Bahram YosefiReza Shah's government was the first to focus on the dispersed sources of power by eliminating the dispersal of local powers. The persistence of ethnic divisions due to scarce resources, relative deprivation, disregard for indigenous capabilities, dispersion and alienat MoreReza Shah's government was the first to focus on the dispersed sources of power by eliminating the dispersal of local powers. The persistence of ethnic divisions due to scarce resources, relative deprivation, disregard for indigenous capabilities, dispersion and alienation of ethnic groups has left the ethnic group of Lors still deprived. The main question of the research is what is the position of the Lorestan people in terms of development in the new order? Identification of Lorestan province only issues such as dispersion and lack of concentration of Lors in a specific geographical area has led to a weak formation in the use of population capacity and consequently the potential of natural resources or lack of it for the growth of residential areas of this people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - The Role of Azerbaijan Intellectual Pioneers in the Reproduction of the Modern Nationalism Idea in Iran
ali shokri Ali Shiari mohammad usefijoybariThe intellectual pioneers are those Azerbaijani thinkers who had important role in the formation of the intellectual structure of public nationalism and Iranian identity, and in this regard, they have been against the traditional and authoritarian system and its army fo MoreThe intellectual pioneers are those Azerbaijani thinkers who had important role in the formation of the intellectual structure of public nationalism and Iranian identity, and in this regard, they have been against the traditional and authoritarian system and its army forces and they called for the rule of law. regarding the hypothesis that how is the role of Azerbaijan in the development and evolution of nationalism in Iran, these ideas and thoughts originated in Azerbaijan, but it did not have a local view, on the contrary, there was willing to have a country called Iran with these characteristics. Iranian nationalism, regardless of its use of Iran's pre-modern past, is modern and is the inevitable twin of Iranian modernity and is the initial stages of Iranians' acquaintance with the modern world. The purpose of this article is to point out the direct and sometimes indirect positive role and influence of Azerbaijan on the modernizing process of Iranian nationalism. In this article, we will review the opinions and thoughts of great thinkers such as Akhondzadeh, Mustasharadoleh Tabrizi, Talbof and Taghizadeh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - The Impact of Religious Modernity on Understanding the Concept of the Nature of the Qur'an in Thought of Nasr Hamed Abu Zayd
Mohamad Jafar Ariannezhad Aliasghar Davoudi Saeed GazeraniMohamad Jafar Ariannezhad[1], Aliasghar Davoudi[2]*,SaeedGazerani[3] AbstractFamiliarity of Muslim scholars with modern Western intellectual and philosophical findings led to the presentation of innovative interpretations of the Qur'an and Islamic concepts. The aim MoreMohamad Jafar Ariannezhad[1], Aliasghar Davoudi[2]*,SaeedGazerani[3] AbstractFamiliarity of Muslim scholars with modern Western intellectual and philosophical findings led to the presentation of innovative interpretations of the Qur'an and Islamic concepts. The aim of the present study is to study Abu Zayd's new ideas on religious issues, especially the Qur'an. In this regard, the question arises that what effect has religious modernity in Abu Zayd's thought had on understanding the concept of the nature of the Qur'an in his thought? It is hypothesized that Abu Zayd, influenced by modern Western schools, contrasted his views with those of traditionalists in the field of religion. In his view, an­yt­h­ing that is not compatible with the requirements of our time should be dis­c­a­r­d­ed by reconstructing religious thought. In this regard, Abu Zayd has raised new issues about religious thought, especially the Qur'an, the concept of re­vel­a­tion, etc. The present study intends to study the most important of them by descriptive-analytical method and using historical data.[1].PhD Student in Political Thought in Islam, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.[2].Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law - Political Science and Foreign Languages, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding Author[3]. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law - Political Science and Foreign Languages, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Assessing the Opportunities and Challenges of Attracting Foreign Investment in the Iranian Economy; Emphasizing the Nuclear Deal
sadagh babakan maghsod ranjbar mahdi motharniaForeign investment due to lack of domestic financial resources or its inefficiency in developing countries is the engine of economic and social development of these societies, including Iran. In the early 21st century, the economic situation in Iran has made it necessar MoreForeign investment due to lack of domestic financial resources or its inefficiency in developing countries is the engine of economic and social development of these societies, including Iran. In the early 21st century, the economic situation in Iran has made it necessary to attract foreign financial resources. The main question of this research is to study the effects of the nuclear agreement on the inflow of foreign investment in Iran. The nuclear deal aroused the interest of capitalists and foreign companies in Iran. It provided psychological grounds for investing in Iran, especially in the oil and automobile industries. However, due to structural challenges, especially the shaky US approach, the independence of capitalists in the world from governments, and internal problems such as the non-acceptance of FATF and domestic law in Iran, this investment failed in practice Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Nonlinear models, an evolution in black box optimization in the relationship between human resource practices and organizational performance
masoud zolghadr Naser Hamidi seyed mahdi alvani gholamreza memarzadeh tehranThe recent challenge for organizations in new workplace is to focus on the productivity of work practices in the organization. Since employees are considered as the main intangible resource of the organization, paying attention to the optimal use of modern working pract MoreThe recent challenge for organizations in new workplace is to focus on the productivity of work practices in the organization. Since employees are considered as the main intangible resource of the organization, paying attention to the optimal use of modern working practices can reduce the risk of responding to external stimuli. It can ensure the productivity of human resources in achieving the goals and improving the performance of the organization while achieving the internal fit of the system components. In the present study, with a method based on nonlinear modeling, it is possible to optimize an array of native components and their dimensions as black boxes between teamwork and organizational performance, according to two factors: adequacy and complexity.By evaluating the views of more than 80 human resources experts, out of 16,383 combinations, the optimal array with the most effective role of the components of work conscience, spirit of cooperation and social adjustment and empowerment in the relationship between teamwork and performance of the studied organizations was introduced. By examining the ideal error composite statistics index, the elimination of the dimensions of "group and social relations" and "control of organizational decisions" from the last two components, respectively, can be considered as the optimization factor of the array. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Public financial management: assessment and ranking of drivers, influencing factors and consequences
Mehdi Aghamohammad gholamreza kordestani Hosein KazemiObjective: The implementation of the financial management system of the public sector and the improvement of efficiency have led to create an incentive in the field of reforming the financial management system of the public sector.Method: It is a descriptive (non-experi MoreObjective: The implementation of the financial management system of the public sector and the improvement of efficiency have led to create an incentive in the field of reforming the financial management system of the public sector.Method: It is a descriptive (non-experimental) survey method. The statistical sample of the research includes 165 accountants and financial managers, budget managers, financial experts, university lecturers, in the data analysis section, ranking was done using the importance of factors and model fitting or structural equation method.Findings: The rate of progress in new technologies in causal conditions, decentralization and increased flexibility in contextual conditions, cultural values in interventionists, reforming the tax system in strategies and increasing social welfare.Conclusion: The evaluation and ranking of modern public financial management in Iran, it was found that the model of modern public financial management has causal, contextual, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences, each of which, in the order of ranking, has the items of new technologies, increasing citizens' expectations, increasing corruption and poverty. severe limitation of the country's financial resources and legal and international requirements and regional competition; Decentralization and increasing flexibility, reforming the motivation and incentives and commitment of managers, reforming the method of training and counseling, creating an integrated information system, developing human resources and equipment and technology, and rules and regulations and procedures; Cultural values, leadership and management and involvement of politicians and politicization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Social Media and Communicative Marketing Strategies in Modern Banking
Majid Heidari Ali Delavar Seyyed Abdollah Sadjadi Ali Akbar Farhangi Kamran MohamadkhaniIn modern banking, banks and financial institutes can be professional users of social media to conduct marketing, provide customer services and information since using social media is a crucial factor to success for banks. On the other hand, this research has been dedic MoreIn modern banking, banks and financial institutes can be professional users of social media to conduct marketing, provide customer services and information since using social media is a crucial factor to success for banks. On the other hand, this research has been dedicated to the role of media in communicative marketing strategies with the focus on factors effective on social media in those strategies. This research is a survey-descriptive research and methodology is a correlative one. To gather information from professionals, professors and experts of banking, questionnaires were filled by 210 top and middle managers of Bank Tejarat. Significance level of all variables was approved by Kolmogorov- Smirnov test and by using Spearman correlation test, hypotheses of research were verified. The findings of the research revealed that all variables of the research have accepted significant level and the mean rankings of variables show significant difference. Increasing legislative barriers, customer acceptance and social culture determine applying the social media. The four variables of the research have significant difference and they don’t have the same rankings. Rankings are: Customer acceptance (2.93), Infrastructure (2.90), Social culture (2.53) and legislative barriers (1.64). Also the mean of variables according to age and gender, unlike education, shows significant difference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Designing the Management Competency Model with Emphasis on the Postmodern Change Management
Mastaneh Ghonji Mohammad Chizari Hassan Sedighi Ali RabieeThis study was performed with aim of the management competency model with emphasis on postmodern change management (case study: ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare).20 managers of the Ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare were selected ba MoreThis study was performed with aim of the management competency model with emphasis on postmodern change management (case study: ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare).20 managers of the Ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare were selected based on the purposeful sampling with maximum difference. Semi-structured interview was done and the questionnaire of postmodern change management was conducted. Articles and books related to the management in postmodern organizations, national websites of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare and job description of managers in the ministry of Cooperative, Labor and Welfare Social were studied. Management-Organizational competencies, Work place Competencies, Social Competencies and Personal Effectiveness Competencies were defined base on content analysis method. Postmodern Managerial competencies were divided to 20 axis competencies and 81 secondary competencies were divided. Validity and reliability of the model was confirmed at the end of research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - Investigation intention of entrepreneurial marketing focusing on the effects of the post-modern environment
Behroz Qasemi Sode AlizadeThe intent and behavior of entrepreneurial marketing is influenced by the environment around them, but in most entrepreneurial studies that are cognitive-based, the role of the environmental factor is neglected. In this study, the aim of the study was to examine the dir MoreThe intent and behavior of entrepreneurial marketing is influenced by the environment around them, but in most entrepreneurial studies that are cognitive-based, the role of the environmental factor is neglected. In this study, the aim of the study was to examine the direct, indirect and modifying effects of the institutional environment on entrepreneurial marketing intent, based on North economics institutional theory and the theory of planned behaviors, an entrepreneurial marketing cognitive model. Descriptive-correlational research was conducted. Data were collected by a questionnaire from a sample of 400 entrepreneurship management students from Tehran's public universities. The content validity of the questionnaire was reviewed and verified by a team of experts. Validity and reliability of the structures were also measured by model estimation. The results showed that entrepreneurial attitude and perceived behavior control with entrepreneurial marketing intention have a positive and meaningful relationship. Also, the results showed that the institutional environment is indirectly related to the entrepreneurial intention of entrepreneurship and control of perceived behavior with the intention of entrepreneurial marketing. These findings suggest that policymakers and decision-makers should more than once focus on creating the right conditions for entrepreneurship in the country and try to address the pressures and environmental barriers facing potential entrepreneurs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Comparative comparison of physical-spatial components of tradition and modernism in university buildings of India and Iran
Mohammadreza Sharafiyan hossein soltanzade shervin mirshahzadeh mohammad mohammadzadehUniversities are one of the first examples of the application of tradition and modernism in the buildings of any country, and the audience is educated adults who can play an effective role in society. The traditional architecture of India before the arrival of the Briti MoreUniversities are one of the first examples of the application of tradition and modernism in the buildings of any country, and the audience is educated adults who can play an effective role in society. The traditional architecture of India before the arrival of the British in India was more about creating spectacular and attractive forms carved out of stone. At this time, the main purpose of architectural tools was to glorify and magnify rituals and customs. Then the British entered the scene and they built their first modern buildings, which housed all the necessities of running a large empire. At this time, the culture and art of the colonialist country consciously and unconsciously influenced the way of construction and architecture, especially in the big cities of India. India declared independence in 1947 with non-violent struggles. The purpose of this research is to investigate the components of the modernism tradition in the university buildings of Iran and India. The research method in this research is a combination of nested type (qualitative in quantitative) with comparative weighting to the results of analysis in the quantitative field, in the qualitative part, first, using the technique of systematic review of the theoretical literature of articles in the field of tradition and modernism, indicators of tradition and modernism are extracted. And then they are categorized and semi-structured interview questions are developed based on them in the qualitative section. The experts who are selected based on the snowball system with the entry criteria are interviewed and the results are entered into the ATLASTI software for ease of coding. University buildings are selected with Delphi future research system with Kendall's coefficient, and then based on the obtained components, a questionnaire is compiled and provided to space users. The method of selecting the study samples was such that among about 200 universities in Iran and India according to architectural characteristics (tangible and intangible strategies and metaphors), the number of 22 universities in Iran and India in the first stage according to research data, documents and documents available , the plans were selected and then according to the opinion of designers and theorists in the field of contemporary architecture in Iran, using the Delphi method and taking into account the influential factors in their design as well as the availability of existing documents, their number was reduced to 18 universities in Iran and India and examined. In the quantitative stage, the sample size is selected by Morgan's table with the number of 384 people. The results are entered into JMP software for the analysis of inferential statistics. The results indicate that in the university buildings of Iran, the game components with visual communication elements with a value of (1.000) have the highest coefficients of determination in the association of tradition, and introversion with a value of (0.246) has the lowest correlation. In Indian university buildings, the use of brick as the dominant wall material with the value of (1.000) is the highest and the lowest is related to the spatial hierarchy with the value of (0.254). In the components of modernism in Iranian academic buildings, playing with honest dimensions (1.000), honest expression of structural materials on the facade (1.000) and reminders of modernism have the highest coefficient of determination and the lowest related to the connection between inside and outside with wide transparent surfaces with The value is (0.354) in Indian university buildings, the play of light and shadow, the honest expression of structural materials on the facade and reminiscent of modernism with the value (1.000) is the highest value and the lowest value is related to the use of materials and new technological achievements (0.155) ) Is. In the correlation stage between the components of modernism in the universities of the two countries, it was found that in Indian universities, the honest expression of the structural materials in the facade has the highest value (0.865) and the component of spatial planning has the lowest value (0.188) in the buildings. University of Iran, the component of the game with honest dimensions (0.882) has the highest coefficient of determination and the lowest correlation coefficient is related to the component emphasizing the height of the building with the value (0.258). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Explanation of the components of tradition and modernism in the physical structure of residential buildings of the contemporary period of Iran (a case study of residential buildings of the Pahlavi period)
Alireza Taherian Ahmadreza Keshtkar Ghalati mahmod nikkhah shahmirzaei gholamhosein naseri, with the arrival of different cultures in Iran, the plan and form of the houses underwent changes. The form of the plans in Qajar residences changed from introversion and respecting privacy to extroverted forms, and components such as interiors and vestibules, which h More, with the arrival of different cultures in Iran, the plan and form of the houses underwent changes. The form of the plans in Qajar residences changed from introversion and respecting privacy to extroverted forms, and components such as interiors and vestibules, which had the role of protecting the privacy of the house, became less. Although at the beginning of the Pahlavi period, residential construction was tried to be close to the Qajar period, but with the arrival of educated architects from outside Iran and the injection of foreign culture into this architecture, these changes reached their peak in the second Pahlavi period. Knowing the factors affecting architecture in different periods has always been one of the most important ways to prevent the fading of authentic architecture with Iranian identity. Knowing these factors and how they affect architecture is an issue that must be taken into account in order to prevent abnormal and incorrect changes in urban spaces, of which the house is the smallest part, in contemporary and future architecture; Because the architecture of every nation is always a picture book of that nation's culture, therefore, it is important to examine the process of changes in plans and spaces and the change of the form and shape of the house as a fundamental part of a city.The purpose of architecture is to create an image within the physical form and architecture is a reflection of human life. The architecture of today and tomorrow cannot be unrelated to the architecture of the past. This is the most important issue of our contemporary architecture; That it is separated from its components and canvas and the place of Iranian architecture in it is not clear. Because in the contemporary architecture of Iran, there is always the concern of creating a connection between the architecture of the past and the present, and giving meaning to what has existed in theory and what has been in practice, and what is interesting and disgusting, is that in recent years, the concept of ancient architecture in the history of Iran, using the phrase " "Traditional architecture" is expressed, which does not imply the concept of the antiquity and value of this architecture. In fact, the concept of traditional architecture brings to mind that it is a type of architecture in Iran that covers a certain period and may have passed its use-by date. In other words, unfortunately, before evoking something precious and valuable, it evokes a color and smell full of oldness and backwardness in the mind. Many factors in the contemporary era cause fundamental changes in Iranian architecture. Examining the criteria of tradition and modernism in residential architecture in Iran is important because it will be more clear in the history of contemporary architecture in Iran. This research aims to investigate the characteristics of tradition and modernism in the physical structure of contemporary Iranian residential architecture in the Pahlavi period, and tries to answer the question of how the characteristics of tradition and modernism have been implemented in the physical structure of residential buildings in the contemporary period, and from the combined research method of nest to The nest is used to achieve this goal; First, the indicators of tradition and modernism are extracted from the concepts, and then the code table is compiled, then interviews are arranged, based on these interviews, the variables used in tradition and modernism in the building are proposed, and then a questionnaire is used for verification. The sample size of the qualitative stage is 46 interviews and 384 people in the quantitative part. The results show that in modernism, the components of honest expression of structural materials in the facade with a value of 0.965, the mute element of architectural elements with a value of 0.856, and the use of rectangular volumes with a value of 0.818 have the highest correlation with other components of modernism. Also, to upgrade a unit of tradition in the space with the user of a unit, one of the characteristics of using brick as the dominant material of the walls and the use of physical elements of traditional architecture with a value of 1.000 can increase the association of tradition in a residential building. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Explanation of the Evolution and Influence of Modernism on the Architecture of Residential Apartment Complexes in Iran and Uzbekistan
Nazanin Islami Fariba AlborziAfter World War II, between 1946 and 1978, Iran has experienced major social and urban changes, especially in the construction of residential apartment complexes. During this period, with the rapid growth of the urban middle class, the growth of construction and modern MoreAfter World War II, between 1946 and 1978, Iran has experienced major social and urban changes, especially in the construction of residential apartment complexes. During this period, with the rapid growth of the urban middle class, the growth of construction and modern urban development have begun. In the 1950s, with the horizontal growth of the city, the central areas have been gradually characterized by apartment complexes and the international style has been known as one of the characteristic styles in Iran in the field of residential architecture. Iranian architects have been rapidly applying new construction methods in their work and have made significant progress in using modern technology in the construction of apartments. In the same period, the Soviet modernization campaign in Uzbekistan has led to major developments in the field of residential architecture in the country. Under Soviet influence, Tashkent has been always considered an important center for mass construction, especially housing. The 1966 earthquake in Tashkent caused extensive damage, especially to old buildings. Thus, in the process of rebuilding the city, modern high-rise buildings have replaced the old clay buildings. Therefore, considering the presence of Iran and Uzbekistan in the same historical period and the same geographical area and also the history of Iran and the rich cultural and historical roots shared by the two countries, this study aims to explain the effects of modernist processes in these societies on how residential complexes are architecturally structured in the contemporary period and the Second Pahlavi period in Iran and at the same time in Uzbekistan to answer the following questions: Have modernist movements in Iran and Uzbekistan influenced the development of residential complexes in the two countries? What are the nature and structure of the residential architecture evolution in Iran and Uzbekistan, and what are their similarities and differences? In terms of necessity and innovation in research, although many studies have been done on the historical and traditional architecture of Uzbekistan and its comparison with Iran, so far few studies have been done on the contemporary architecture of Uzbekistan and there is no study specifically examining the evolution of residential architecture (Residential apartment complexes) in Uzbekistan as well as the similarities and differences between residential apartment complexes in Iranian and Uzbek Contemporary architecture. The present research is a comparative study conducted with a qualitative approach using documentary and field studies. Historical–theoretical foundations are gathered by the interpretive historical research method, and the architecture of residential complexes are analyzed with a descriptive–analytical approach. The statistical population consists of all residential complexes constructed in Iran and Uzbekistan during the Second Pahlavi Era and at the same time in Uzbekistan and the sample comprises a number of residential complexes belonging to the same period (construction year) that share stylistic physical and functional similarities. Modernist approaches (in the physical dimension) are manifested by the emergence and formation of rectangular and square forms using new materials such as glass, concrete and steel, and applied geometrical elements dominant in the site plans (in the functional dimension). Flat roofs and facades with a rectangular system (objective dimension) and no decorative elementswere widely used in the apartments. The results indicate the objective, functional, and physical manifestation of the modernistic residential complexes components in both countries, with the greater manifestation of objective components. The residential complexes built during this period in both countries have similarities in terms of objective (the non-use of decorations and the use of ribbon windows in facade design), physical (plan design with straigth lines and 90-degree angles), and Functional (such as the integration of buildings with their physical context, regardless of context, culture and geography, and attention to functionalist engineering considerations instead of aesthetic components) dimensions. Uzbekistan, however, displayed an attempt to restore its historical roots from 1971 to 1983, which are reflected in the nationalistic style of architecture materialized in the Islamic decorations of the building façades dating back to this period. But in the late Soviet era, apartments built in Uzbekistan have tried to reflect Uzbek national culture by using Islamic-era decorations. Also during this period, two-story houses with private open courtyards and windowless exteriors have been built, in addition to residential apartment complexes, marking a return to the traditional and local lifestyle of the Uzbek family. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Qualitative meta-analysis of research on the context and factors of changes in the Iranian family
Hamed Nazari Mohammad Ganji Assadollah Babaei FardThe Iranian family has undergone many changes in recent decades. These changes have occurred in different aspects of the family including household size, marriage and divorce rates, the purpose of marriage, and so on. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors MoreThe Iranian family has undergone many changes in recent decades. These changes have occurred in different aspects of the family including household size, marriage and divorce rates, the purpose of marriage, and so on. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting family changes based on existing research in this area. The methodology of this study includes qualitative meta-analysis and systematic review. The target group is all research that has been published in the form of thesis and research papers. Data coding and analysis is done using MAXQDA software. In order to achieve the purpose of the present research, 57 studies in Iran from 2001 onwards were studied. Besides descriptive analysis, the reviewed documents were evaluated in different aspects. The findings of this study indicate that there are three main factors led to changes in the Iranian family: 1. The education and employment of women has promoted their status in the family power hierarchy; 2. Modernization processes have caused changes in the value system of the Iranian family. ; 3. The socio-economic status of the family affects the values of its members. At the end of the study, a critical conclusion and evaluation of the existing knowledge in the field of family studies in Iran have been presented and the weak points in this area that require further research are identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Sociological Analysis of Modern Identity and Religious Identity of Women (Case the Young women of the generation after the Islamic Revolution in Ahvaz)
Farzin Hatami kakesh Nabi&amp;rsquo;ollah Ider Ahmad ali Hesabi. The purpose of this study is to identify the status of religious and modern identities as two important dimensions of post-revolutionary generation identity and the relationship between these two aspects of identity and also to investigate the role of some factors aff More. The purpose of this study is to identify the status of religious and modern identities as two important dimensions of post-revolutionary generation identity and the relationship between these two aspects of identity and also to investigate the role of some factors affecting these forms of identity. The method of the present study is survey and its statistical population includes all women aged 18 to 42 years in Ahvaz in 1399 and the sample size is 191 people. The results show that the relationship between modern identity and religious identity is significantly reverse, meaning that by strengthening each, the other will be weakened. In explaining modern identity based on religious identity and other research variables, considering the value of coefficient (R2), it can be said that 0.186% of modern identity changes are explained by independent variables, and religious identity with a beta value of -0.281 is the best. It is considered a predictor of modern identity. Also, in explaining religious identity based on modern identity and other research variables, according to the coefficient value (R2), it can be said that 0.365% of the changes in religious identity are explained by independent variables, and social capital with a beta value of 0.503 is the best. It is considered a predictor of religious identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - The Study of Source-Sink Relations by Comparison of Weight and Grain in the Modern and Old Wheat Cultivars
Mehdi Joudi shahram mehriSeed filling in wheat is controlled by the availability of substrate (source strength), the capacity of the organs to utilize it for seed growth (sink strength). The aim of this research was to study source-sink relations in wheat, through seed weight and grain number i MoreSeed filling in wheat is controlled by the availability of substrate (source strength), the capacity of the organs to utilize it for seed growth (sink strength). The aim of this research was to study source-sink relations in wheat, through seed weight and grain number in new and old wheat cultivars. The experiment was performed at Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Research Farm (University of Mohaghegh Ardabili) during 2010-2011 growing season. The plant materials (81 wheat cultivars) were evaluated using a simple lattice design with two replications under well-watered condition. The results showed that there were significant differences for measured agronomic and physiologic traits among wheat cultivars tested. Overall, new wheat cultivars showed high values of seed yield as compared with the old ones. This trend was also observed in the cases of harvest index (HI) and grain number per square meter. There were no significant differences in biological yield and 1000-grain weight between old and new cultivars. Spike dry weight measured at anthesis and physiologic maturity and also partitioning photoassimilates to the spike during anthesis-physiologic maturity phases increased more in new cultivars than old ones. Increased grain number in new wheat cultivars and the lack of significant changes in 1000-seed weight suggests that seed yields of the cultivars used under the condition tested are controlled more by sink than source strength. Under conditions tested, it seems that increased grain number, either in plant level or in square meter, might be considered as a way to assess increased seed yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Analyzing the factors affecting population decline in the cultural background of Lorestan province based on the opinion of scientific experts (Delphi study)
Marjan Zarandi Khaledi Hasan EsmaeilzadeThe current research was conducted with the aim of finding the reasons for low population growth in Lorestan province. The interactive theory of the population as a theoretical approach is the template in the present research.Method: The research method is qualitative a MoreThe current research was conducted with the aim of finding the reasons for low population growth in Lorestan province. The interactive theory of the population as a theoretical approach is the template in the present research.Method: The research method is qualitative and Delphi type. The statistical population of the research is all media experts, psychology, sociology, demography and religious experts of Lorestan province. Out of this number, 20 people were selected in a targeted manner. A semi-structured interview technique was used to collect information. The duration of the interviews was 30 minutes and their analysis was done using the Claysey method.Findings: Negative individualism, the prevalence of western modernity based on consumption and diversity, women's identity changes, housing problems, marriage problems, youth migration, unemployment, education, the spread of divorce, changing attitudes towards marriage, the spread of virtual media, lack of security. Job, economic weakness, high cost of children, value changes, multiple children as a bad thing, attitude towards children as a luxury item, lack of trust, uncertainty in the future of the country, lack of openness of planners, lack of scientific and theoretical research and the importance of climatic conditions. One of the reasons for population decline in Lorestan province is that they are classified in the form of economic factors in the first place, cultural and social factors, environmental and climatic factors. The current situation can be explained in terms of youth marriage and birth control.Results: In general, it can be concluded that if social and economic platforms and facilitators are realized in the field of changing the society's attitude towards childbearing, with the help of the media in line with macro policies, the problem of decreasing the population of the province can be solved to some extent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - The death of the Modern subject in Postmodern age and its impact on understanding the assembly pattern in the sociology of art
Soodeh Eshghi Seyed Mostafa Mokhtabad Amrai mohammadreza sharfizadeThe death of the Modern subject in Postmodern age and its impact on understanding the assembly pattern in the sociology of artAbstractThe post-Nietzschean crisis in the West caused the subject to decline from its concept in the modern period. Also, due to the emergence MoreThe death of the Modern subject in Postmodern age and its impact on understanding the assembly pattern in the sociology of artAbstractThe post-Nietzschean crisis in the West caused the subject to decline from its concept in the modern period. Also, due to the emergence of poststructuralist discourses in postmodernism, relativism and uncertainty replaced concepts that were once measured with objectivity and certainty. But art forms, assembled images that are created by combining and reconstructing different realities, aim of the present study is to investigate the postmodernist crisis in the subject and to explain its relationship with a visual understanding of the assembly pattern in sociology from an artistic perspective. Therefore documented data are analyzed with a qualitative approach and descriptive-analytical method and based on the available variables. To include; Achieve these important findings that concepts such as humor, irony and pluralism of meanings in the creation of postmodernist atmosphere create multifaceted images that depict the decline of the subject from its transcendent position. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Sociology of Novelty Developments in Iran
Roohollah Rashid kershan Samad SabbaghThis study seeks to provide sociological explanations for “novelty” in Iran. The key question is “How the social institutions deal with “novelty”?” In this study a combination of theories of "Iranian novelty”, “indigenous MoreThis study seeks to provide sociological explanations for “novelty” in Iran. The key question is “How the social institutions deal with “novelty”?” In this study a combination of theories of "Iranian novelty”, “indigenous novelty”, “National and alien novelty” presented by scholars such as Taghi Azad Armaki, Dr. Jamshid Behnam and Dr. Moosa Najafi. The sum of these theories is based on two points: First, modernity is different from novelty. Second, any community can experience its own novelty. The research method is documentary and data are collected by library method. The research results indicate that the governments have provided the areas for emergence of novelty in the past two hundred years in Iran. They have often followed all technological and material aspects of novelty. Iranian clergy have played a role in making the ground for novelty under three groups of “proponents”, “opponents” and “critics”. Also, Iranian intellectuals have welcomed novelty in the form of “proof, criticism and rejection”. The purity of knowledge and attachment of the intellectuals to novelty and its principles and achievements have been more than the rulers and clergies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - The formation and development of new suburbanization in Tehran metropolis from the Islamic Revolution up to the Present Time (Case Study: Hesarak Neighborhood in Tehran, 2013)
Zahra kamrani Seifollah SeifollahiThis research investigates the formation and development of new suburbanization in Tehran metropolis from the Islamic revolution up to present time and deals with the factors stemming from the social fabrics of the Iranian society which have taken a structural form over MoreThis research investigates the formation and development of new suburbanization in Tehran metropolis from the Islamic revolution up to present time and deals with the factors stemming from the social fabrics of the Iranian society which have taken a structural form over time. Studying valid documents and observation in the form of methods such as reviewing documents, field studies, survey method, and data collection techniques including: note taking, questionnaire and interviews listed the following as the reasons for the new suburbanization in Hesarak, where is located in District 6 of Tehran: 1. Unemployment, 2. Lack of sufficient income, 3. Lack of welfare, educational and cultural facilities, 4. Low cost of land, 5. Low rent of house. In fact, in Hesarak neighborhood, economic and cultural repulsions and yet economic, social and cultural attractions have had a key role in the formation and development of this phenomenon; however, the social repulsion has had a minor role in this regard. So, considering the following guidelines, some problems of people living in Hesarak can be solved to some extent.1. Improving the literacy level of the residents, 2. Increasing the financial ability of the people and creating jobs, 3. Paying more attention to local and district plans, 4. Increasing people participation in social institutions in the neighborhood, 5. Constructing cultural, sports, entertainment, and health spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - The role of social capital in youth happiness(case study: students of psychology and social science faculty of Tehran central branch)
amirmasuod amir mazaheri Mona FakharianThe comparison of happiness in Iran with other countries indicates low level of happiness and according to surveys happier countries have higher privilege in social capital indexes. Therefore, basic aim of this article is recognition of the role of social capital in you MoreThe comparison of happiness in Iran with other countries indicates low level of happiness and according to surveys happier countries have higher privilege in social capital indexes. Therefore, basic aim of this article is recognition of the role of social capital in youth happiness. Research method is documentary and survey and the mean of data collection is questionnaire. The statistical population contains all students of psychology and social sciences faculty of Tehran Central University and the sample volume utilizing Cochran formula was selected 400 individuals. Sampling method was classification and according to major class the students were divided to three majors of social sciences, educative sciences and psychology. The theoretical framework was extracted from the ideas of Giddens, Durkheim, Putnam, Coleman and Bourdieu. The findings indicated that, there is a positive and meaningful relationship between variables of social trust (traditional and modern), social communication (traditional and modern), traditional participation and happiness. But modern social participation variable doesn't have any relationship with happiness. According to path analysis results, variables of modern and traditional communication affected happiness directly and other variables affected indirectly. Also, independent variables have been able to clarify 29/2% of the changes of dependent variable of happiness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Developing a conceptual model of integrating indigenous and modern knowledge using Grounded Theory In reclamation, preservation, maintenance and operation of Natural resources with post-development approach (Case Study: Mamasani Tribe of Fars province)
Jalal Youssefi Mustafa Azkia Alireza KaldiThis article examines indigenous and modern knowledge in Traditional participatory management Exploitation of the grassland in Mamassani tribe in Fars and Changes made by Quasi-government modernization program. In this article Grounded theory and the techniques of Rapid MoreThis article examines indigenous and modern knowledge in Traditional participatory management Exploitation of the grassland in Mamassani tribe in Fars and Changes made by Quasi-government modernization program. In this article Grounded theory and the techniques of Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Semi-structured interviews, Observation, Walking in the field and Focus groups have been used. The statistical sample has been chosen by the snowball method to comment on the data saturation stage, and after analyzing data collected from the field through coding (open coding, axial coding and selective coding) with the central class selection "grassland sustainable participatory management", it has been attempted to derive a theory based on data collected from field. For "traditional participatory management", the theory of "Elements of nomadic culture as factors in the development of spontaneous participation" was obtained from data and for "Disintegration of the traditional participation" the theory of "governmental modernism and clutter of traditional participatory management operation of the pasture" was obtained from data Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Iranian culture and civilization and globalization; opportunities and challenges
Mohammad Yousefi Joybari Nejat MohhamadifarGlobalization is a process in which different technical, political, cultural and economic parts of different nations changed to be transnational with the development of connections through which national governments increasingly linked to each other. This dependence and MoreGlobalization is a process in which different technical, political, cultural and economic parts of different nations changed to be transnational with the development of connections through which national governments increasingly linked to each other. This dependence and connections cause problems for national sovereignty and national government. This concept didn't have scientific validity until the early 1980's, but since then its application has been global. Globalization creates many opportunities and challenges, and Iran due to its geographical and historical features which put it in the cultural crossroad of the world, has had wide connection with different nations. This is mainly influenced by the strategic location of Iran that western countries were always trying to exploit it to achieve their own goals and interests. These connections in recent century, especially in the late Qajar were taken a new form of colonization and it continued with many ups and downs during the Pahlavi regime. With the Islamic revolution, the connection of Iran with the world was taken a new form, which sometimes has been influenced by the revolutionary atmosphere and specific circumstances. With the ending of the imposed war, there were more opportunities for Iran to increase its connection with the world. This process has had different aspects of cultural, political, economic and etc., among them cultural aspect has been the most important. Because of its long history of civilization and culture, Iran has a huge potential to influence the global trends. Cultural aspects of Iranian civilization, has always had a significant manifestations in the world which indicates the Iranian high cultural capacity to retain itself and even influence on other cultures. The problem now seems to be considered by cultural authorities, is the offering of national culture symbols in a way, understandable and appealing to today's generation and avoidance of any dogmatism and intolerance in cultural affairs. This paper describes the cultural views about globalization and investigates the position of Iranian culture and its role in the process of globalization and also, challenges and opportunities facing it. Some guidelines and recommendations for dealing with the challenges and using the opportunities are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - Development as a language game (with an approach to Japanese development)
Ayyub Yussefpour NezamiDevelopment is a linguistic issue, and developing action(s) is a kind of language game with many forms. Language is the essence of culture and "mother tongue" is the essence of humanity (being human). With such a potential that empirical paleontology studies, bio-anthro MoreDevelopment is a linguistic issue, and developing action(s) is a kind of language game with many forms. Language is the essence of culture and "mother tongue" is the essence of humanity (being human). With such a potential that empirical paleontology studies, bio-anthropology, linguistics, and sociology reaffirm it, every human being, with a linguistic basis, is a linguistic issue. Human life is not conceivable for human being without language. This article, from the perspective of postmodern is sociology, and with the reverence of Heidegger, who said: "language is the home"; language is as the home of development and mother tongue is its spirit and soul. Development and under-development are not inherent in a particular language. Each language has a form of development game (s) in itself and its actualization is the kind of way in which culture (Interlingual, inter-language games) will be its home. This mode is not necessarily western and modern, and development is not necessarily a modernization. In this context, security and institutionalized freedom are structural and development will eventually be an "accidental". With this framework and theoretical elements, the development of Japan in the “Japanese language” was evaluated. Citing the epistemic characteristics of the Japanese language, as well as the findings of the language games of the two leading Japanese developers (Sony and Honda), we come to introductory elements of the interplay games in the identity of the Japanese development as a recovering. In the research process, the consistency of findings with the linguistic components of development in the Japanese context, with the components of the language of postmodernity, and the theory of Max Weber, was guessed that came to a positive result in an introductory test. Based on the microeconomic narratives of development, in some parts of the Japanese companies, the present study sought to draw on a lively development of Japanese language development games, as well as a new development style. And the design and implementation of other research in this area will reflect a realistic picture of Japanese language development games. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Genealogy of Ethnic Identity of Turks in Reza shah Period
Ibrahim Valizadeh Davood Ebrahimpoor Rashid AhmadrashIran's history of identity in Reza shah period is full of discontinuities.The change in identity paradigm into identification based on modernity isthe most important fact in discontinuities of Iran's social identity. Rezashah based his ruling on concentration and nation MoreIran's history of identity in Reza shah period is full of discontinuities.The change in identity paradigm into identification based on modernity isthe most important fact in discontinuities of Iran's social identity. Rezashah based his ruling on concentration and nationalism, and according tothis ideology did a great deal of actions. Besides positive and negativeeffects of integration ideology in Iran's society in that time, itsconsequences in Azerbaijan led to identity break-ups and ethnicitytensions that continued until present time. Perhaps, prescribing integrative,pure, unique, and soliloquist identity for a period with violence casedsocial solidarity in Iran, but following purification policies besides thedestruction of customs, traditions, and languages of other ethnics hadirreparable effects which sometimes damaged territorial integrity. In thispaper, Rezashah's nationalism ideology in Azerbaijan was analyzed inorder to make a picture of the reasons of construction of ethnic identitydiscontinuities in these decades. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - Analytical study of civic ethics in modern world (With an emphasis on critical and postmodern sociologists’ ideas).
Samad Sabagh Firouz Rad Mitra RahnamayanThis article is an analytical study of civic ethics in the modern world with an emphasis on Frankfort school and postmodern sociologists’ ideas. In order to achieve the vision of these thinkers, some works of them were referenced as: Adorno, Horkheimer, Markus, Ha MoreThis article is an analytical study of civic ethics in the modern world with an emphasis on Frankfort school and postmodern sociologists’ ideas. In order to achieve the vision of these thinkers, some works of them were referenced as: Adorno, Horkheimer, Markus, Habermas, Baudrillard, Leotard, and Derrida. This qualitative research which is based on an interpretive-comprehensive approach studies these ideas interpretatively and critically.The results show that, there are similarities and differences in the sociologists’ ideas. Based on the consensus of scholars, it is possible to trace the general picture of the state of civic ethics in modern world. This picture implies the existence of problems and crises in human social life in modern societies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - An anthropological analysis of folklore aspects in the first book of Heydar Baba incomparison to second part of the book
Arash Mushim Mozaffareddin ShahbaziThe current research is an answer to the fundamental question about "the changes in the core, social-cultural essence, the text and the content of the first chapter of HeydarBabayeh Salam anthology. The current research is a type of non-contemporary or historical study MoreThe current research is an answer to the fundamental question about "the changes in the core, social-cultural essence, the text and the content of the first chapter of HeydarBabayeh Salam anthology. The current research is a type of non-contemporary or historical study which makes a comparison between the first and the second chapters of the anthology from an anthropological perspective, utilizing documentary method and content analysis. In this article, the aspects of the folklore culture in the first and the second chapters of HeydarBabayeh Salam anthology are compared from an anthropological perspective. The theoretical framework which is used in this research consists of Kardiner's theory of "culture and personality", Turner's theory of "Symbolic and Interpretive Anthropology" and Freud's "personality approach". In general the content of the first chapter of HeydarBabayeh Salam anthology has a nostalgic setting, which is the result of the poet's long estrangement from his birthplace. In the first anthology in the images that the poet represents, childhood dynamic and happiness is clearly visible. In contrast, from the 45th stanza of the first chapter of HeydarBabayeh Salam anthology the mood of the poem gradually inclines towards senescence and advice like tone. This condition becomes more predominant in the second anthology; also in the first anthology the elements of folklore culture are more ample and abundant than the second anthology. Objection and demurral of the poet in the first anthology is mostly affected by the nature's cruelty (aging and death of human beings) contrasting with the fact that in the second anthology of HeydarBabayeh Salam this objection shifts to modernism, the norms and the predominant values of that time. In this research the quality of the changes in the values and norms in two anthologies of HeydarBabayeh Salam has been specially analyzed within four stage process of Turner's social drama. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - Indigenous knowledge of using offorest and Pastureland in Rustam Township
Mansour Vosoughi masoume faridi saniIn this study Indigenous knowledge of using of forest and Pastureland in Rustam Township has been investigated. Some regions of central part of Rustam were considered and from those regions some villages that were rich in indigenous knowledge were selected. Finally, the MoreIn this study Indigenous knowledge of using of forest and Pastureland in Rustam Township has been investigated. Some regions of central part of Rustam were considered and from those regions some villages that were rich in indigenous knowledge were selected. Finally, the sample of the study was chosen using snowball method. In this study, the techniques of participant observation, free observation, semi-structured interviews and documents were used. The results show that, indigenous knowledge is not only opposed to modernization of indigenous knowledge and development but also it can be a criterion for regional development. Also, it can be concluded that, modernization programs in our country that had been appeared as land reform, caused the major changes in the structure of the sample, the division of labor exploitation activists and their stratification. As a result of this, along changing in society and lifestyles in this region, the exploitation of indigenous knowledge has been weakened and at present time this knowledge is deteriorated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - Sociology of living styles (production – consumption culture)
Ayoub Youssef Pour Nezami Human living style(s) has material and immaterial origins. Sociology using analytical tool of culture, studies both material and immaterial components. One of the elements of immaterial cultural life style is epistemic. This article reviews civilization and urba More Human living style(s) has material and immaterial origins. Sociology using analytical tool of culture, studies both material and immaterial components. One of the elements of immaterial cultural life style is epistemic. This article reviews civilization and urbanization process paying briefly to the characteristics and epistemological foundations of traditional, modern and post-modern lifestyles. In civilization process, human lifestyle has changed. These changes were examined in production and consumption and also it is discussed about the civilized human’s unskillfulness in daily life and housekeeping, his alienation and captivity in an iron cage or global jungle. Production-consumption craze of modernism and consumerism and forging of post modernism are among cases which have been criticized as destructive consequences of those two philosophies (modernism and post-modernism). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Language-sociological approach on Quranic verses of language (Lesan)
Ayoub Youssef Pour NezamiThis paper reflects on Language-sociological approach on Quranic verses of language (Lesan). To do this, in a terminological approach, the verses included the word (Lesan) were extracted and 24 verses were classified using late categorization method.Among 13 issues resu MoreThis paper reflects on Language-sociological approach on Quranic verses of language (Lesan). To do this, in a terminological approach, the verses included the word (Lesan) were extracted and 24 verses were classified using late categorization method.Among 13 issues resulted from categorization, there are considerable frequency in subjects such as Arabic language, descending Quran and prophets’ missions. This finding besides other language explanations in Quran (explanation of man’s creation) is leading us to hypothesis of centrality of language in Quran. The main question of the paper is: Do the descending of Quran in Arabic (emphasis on this feature) is to match it with Arabic culture and language, improvement, reproduce and demonization of Arabic on Ajam? In a comparative approach, linguistic viewpoint of Quran is compared with postmodern linguistic. The result is an incomplete plan of Quranic philosophy that could be reinforced in other studies with extracting other words synonymous to Lesan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - he examination of the comparison of marital satisfaction among couples with traditional and modern styles and social factors related to it in Miandouab
Fatima Khan Mohammadi Latif PartoviThis research examines the comparison of marital satisfaction among couples with traditional and modern styles and social factors related to it in Miandouab. The research method is survey and the sample size is 382 married men or women and the instrument is Enriches mar MoreThis research examines the comparison of marital satisfaction among couples with traditional and modern styles and social factors related to it in Miandouab. The research method is survey and the sample size is 382 married men or women and the instrument is Enriches marital satisfaction questionnaire. Statistical methods are Pearson correlation, t-test and one-way analysis of variance. The results show that, there is no significant difference between gender and satisfaction and also, there is no significant relationship between the marital age gap of married couples and marital satisfaction. The average of marital satisfaction in terms of socio-economic class is statistically different. Moreover, the marital satisfaction in terms of the level of education between couples is statistically different and in terms of the number of children in both groups (traditional and modern) there is a relationship. The authority of the family is also directly related to the amount of marital satisfaction. And finally there is a significant difference between the adherence of religion and marital adherence of religion Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - The public identities in Iran
Keramatollah RasekhThe aim of this study, as two earlier essays, is the study of collective identities in Iran. This article refers to the public identity. The study was carried out on the basis of grounded theory. The theoretical approach of the research is based on the ideas of Bernhard MoreThe aim of this study, as two earlier essays, is the study of collective identities in Iran. This article refers to the public identity. The study was carried out on the basis of grounded theory. The theoretical approach of the research is based on the ideas of Bernhard Giessen and Samuel Eisenstaedt about identity. The race, language, ethnicity, religious and denominational affiliation are the main elements of primarylian identities, while the customs, conventions, behaviors and cultural characteristics are influential indices of traditional identities. Religion was one of the most important sources of public identity up to the emergence of modernity. In today’s world modernism became also the source of public identity. The reaction against modernity as a source of public identity was heavy in traditional societies. Moreover, the factors such as gender and class affiliations, educational level, social class and lodging are influential on the reaction of people against modernity. The findings of the study show that, the Iranian society consisting of different identities reacted strongly against the modernity. This resistance developed in the 1960s and 1970s into a mass movement and led to the revolution of 1979. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - Indigenous knowledge of the use of oak tree components in Rustam nomads
Jalal YoussefiDespite increasing requirements of rural and tribal communities to use new technologies, the adoption of this technology in rural areas is very low. Surveys show that, the reason of this rejection is the incompatibility of technology with the rural environment. Scientis MoreDespite increasing requirements of rural and tribal communities to use new technologies, the adoption of this technology in rural areas is very low. Surveys show that, the reason of this rejection is the incompatibility of technology with the rural environment. Scientists believe that, to accept the new technologies, it should be referred to indigenous knowledge. In this field study, the indigenous knowledge of the use of oak tree components in Rustam tribe from Mamasani tribe of Fars has been evaluated. Some regions of the territories of Rustam tribe were selected and among those regions, villages that have rich indigenous knowledge in the use of oak were selected. The subjects of the study were selected by snowball sampling method. In this study the techniques of participant observation, free observation and semi-structured interviews were used, and in some cases, documents were also used inevitably. It was found that, in the study area according to the modernization theory based on the compatibility of indigenous knowledge and development, indigenous knowledge has not only been incompatible and an obstacle at the times it was governed, but also it was sustainable in development. The example of this, is the use of oak products by people in their lives and living with this tree for many years. But the arrival of modernization program, caused fundamental changes in the structures of the studied population, and with the lifestyle changes in this area, the utilization of indigenous knowledge has been weakened. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - Women,s Rights in Contemporary Iran:In Struggle Between Tradition and Modernism Case Study; Comparison of the Views of Morteza Motahhari and Dariush Shayegan
پریا اسکندری Mohammad tohidfam رویا منتظمی نساء زاهدیA wide range of studies of women's demands in the contemporary history of Iran is done from the perspective of thinkers and thinkers.If this study is done as a comparison between the opinions of two thinkers with different and sometimes conflicting opinions, it creates MoreA wide range of studies of women's demands in the contemporary history of Iran is done from the perspective of thinkers and thinkers.If this study is done as a comparison between the opinions of two thinkers with different and sometimes conflicting opinions, it creates the potential that the real face of that part of the opinions of a thinker that presented the demands of women more than Make it clear in advance.Among the most important contemporary Iranian thinkers we can mention the works of ez Motahhari and Shayegan.The main question of this research is "What was the approach of Morteza Motahhari and Dariush Shayegan's ideas about women's rights at different times?"This study, in a descriptive and analytical manner and using the analysis of Laclau and Mouffe discourse, has reached the conclusion that the central sign of Morteza Motahhari's discourse in the field of women's rights is influenced by Islam, Shia religion and Quran.And the central sign of Shaygan's discourse in the first period of his intellectual life in the field of women's rights is influenced by Eastern and Asian identities, and in the second and third periods of his intellectual life the central sign of his discourse in the field of women's rights is influenced by modernism and cultural pluralism.The findings of this study indicate that Motahhari's works are closer to the demands of the third wave of feminists and Shaygan's works are closer to the demands of the first and second waves of feminists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - The Ratio of Alienation and Utopia in the Frankfurt Critical School
Garineh Keshishyan Siraki Hamed MehraliThe Frankfurt School, by observing the human condition in the twentieth century, considers the existing society as completely devoid of rationality and its components as an obstacle to human liberation, thus making it clear that this truth-free construction has created MoreThe Frankfurt School, by observing the human condition in the twentieth century, considers the existing society as completely devoid of rationality and its components as an obstacle to human liberation, thus making it clear that this truth-free construction has created a crisis rooted in the foundations of the modern West. The fundamental question of the research is what crisis does the Frankfurt School identify in modern society and what solution does it offer to get out of it? The research hypothesis explains that the Frankfurters studied the crisis of "alienation" by studying modernity, and made statements such as mechanism, technology, instrumental reason, the culture industry, impossible art, media, capitalism, scientism, positivism, bureaucracy, and various ideologies. No exclusion-they knew the causes of the crisis. Cases that can be considered in two categories of higher causes and causal causes (causes that are both born and the cause of alienation). Their opinion leads minus the characteristics of the existing society and is worthy of dialectical cognition, that is, rational and extremely free societies. Technology is placed in its main dignity, that is, instrumentality, so that through this, man can get out of the state of objectification and become one with his original nature. Also, in the forthcoming research, Thomas Spragen’s Crisis Theory, the theoretical framework and the basis of discussion have been established. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - The role of religious and political institutions in the stability of governments in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and it's comparison with Weber's thories governors
Alireza MajidiIn this article,the influence of religious and political institutions on the stability of governments is examined as one of the most important components of political life and also one of the main factors of the authority and stability of governments. In this study,we c MoreIn this article,the influence of religious and political institutions on the stability of governments is examined as one of the most important components of political life and also one of the main factors of the authority and stability of governments. In this study,we compare the religious and political institutions mentioned in the Shahnameh and the history of old Iranshahri,as well as the political institutions effective in the stability of governments from the point of view of Weber,one of the most important western thinkers. It has been submitted and will be paid. In this article, the method of text analysis has been used and the theory of Leo Strauss regarding the study of ancient texts has been taken into consideration .The theoretical conclusion of this article is that religious and political institutions have a decisive role in the survival of governments,but depending on the macro policies of the government,its effect on the stability of the governments varies,that is, political institutions play a role in relation to the macro policies of the governments. In an ideological government, political institutions are at the disposal of the rulers, and through those political institutions, they apply the ideology of the continuation of domination and in other words the stability of the government.In this type of government,expertise is generally sacrificed for commitment to ideology,while in democratic governments Political institutions, based on a pre-defined and organized system, work to improve the methods of good governance of the country,circulation of elites and improvement of citizens' lives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - An Enquiry into the role of Modernism in the Rise of Islamic Radicalism
احمد ساعی علی محمد حقیقی محمود مقدسThis article aims to find out the roots of Islamic radicalism. With this aim in mind, the proposed hypothesis is that the Islamic fundamentalism and its extremist faction conventionally called “Islamic Radicalism” are revolt against existing situation. Multi MoreThis article aims to find out the roots of Islamic radicalism. With this aim in mind, the proposed hypothesis is that the Islamic fundamentalism and its extremist faction conventionally called “Islamic Radicalism” are revolt against existing situation. Multidimensional crisis in Islamic nations in general and Egypt in particular is the consequence of introduced modernism in these countries. In fact, Islamic fundamentalism has set itself to challenge the west and react strongly against the social crisis produced by modernism. Proponents of Islamic fundamentalism argue that this movement is a new identity for Moslems and a solution in preventing the social deviation and decay in Islamic world. In other words, west and modernism is perceived by Moslem fundamentalists to be the cause of all problems in the world. Proposed alternative by the proponents of Islamic fundamentalism is to return to the real Islam and animosity against western nations and their values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - The Theory of Discourse and Political Sciences
Ali Asghar DavoodiToday, the concept of discourse is used in most of scientific disciplines and approaches such as literature, philosophy, social sciences and political sciences. The theory of discourse is one of the effective and newly arrived theories in the field of social sciences. S MoreToday, the concept of discourse is used in most of scientific disciplines and approaches such as literature, philosophy, social sciences and political sciences. The theory of discourse is one of the effective and newly arrived theories in the field of social sciences. Social and political scientists have used this theory extensively to analyze political and social structures and phenomena. Thus, it can be seen as a dominant theory in the methodological field in the postmodern era. Therefore, phenomenological knowledge and the reviewing of different dimensions of this theory can help us to understand better the discourse analyses of political and social phenomena .This article attempts to examine the history, thought resources and epistemological bases of this theory, and consider its ability to analyze political and social phenomena and review its criticisms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - Modernity as a Media for Exchange of Thoughts
Ghodrat Ahmadian Mokhtar NooriAccording to Gaston Bachelard (science philosopher) modernity with its epistemological detachment form that of medieval era developed a new world view for human kind. With this in mind, in this article it is tried to investigate the modernity paradigm based on a few fun MoreAccording to Gaston Bachelard (science philosopher) modernity with its epistemological detachment form that of medieval era developed a new world view for human kind. With this in mind, in this article it is tried to investigate the modernity paradigm based on a few fundamental development including renaissance, Protestantism, intellectual revolution, French and industrial revolution. With these developments, modernity paradigm had promised to set up a new way of life for humanity which would guarantee welfare and happiness for all. However, in spite of its achievements some social scientists have criticized modernity paradigm for failure to fulfill fully its pronounced desired ends. Thus, two main objectives in this article are: investigation of thoughts on modernity paradigm from classic to post modern critics; 2) inquiry into the thought of those scholars believing in transition for modernity and those holding the view of persistent modernity. In the second part of this paper the perspective of two groups of scientists such as post- modernists and revisionists such as Habermas, Gidens and Jimson will be the subject of argument. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - Contradiction Between Religion and Modernity in the Thinking of Secular Intellectuals of Constitutional Revolution Era: Comparison of Akhoundzadeh with Malkam khan
Saeed Gazrani Reza AminiIn Qajar era and on the eve of the constitutional revolution, we see extensive communications between Iran and the West on the one hand, and emergence of a new social group challenging the clergy, on the other hand. This group consisted of intellectuals who had an impor MoreIn Qajar era and on the eve of the constitutional revolution, we see extensive communications between Iran and the West on the one hand, and emergence of a new social group challenging the clergy, on the other hand. This group consisted of intellectuals who had an important role in introduction of reform thoughts and promoting constitutional revolution in Iranian society. In this article, modernity and its historical background will be reviewed firstly, and then, the standpoints of two prominent secular intellectuals of the time - Mirza FathAli Akhoundzadeh and Mirza Malkam khan Nazemoldowleh - towards modernity and religion will be analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Formation of Modernity and Post-modernity: Epistemology, Ontology, Anthropology
طهماسب علیپوریانی مختار نوریThe history of western thought could be categorized generally into three paradigms of pre-modern, modern and post-modern. It is tried in this article to explore comparatively the worldviews of modernity and post-modernity based on three concepts of epistemology, ontolog MoreThe history of western thought could be categorized generally into three paradigms of pre-modern, modern and post-modern. It is tried in this article to explore comparatively the worldviews of modernity and post-modernity based on three concepts of epistemology, ontology and anthropology. In other words, the main objective of the argument is to make an in-depth enquiry into the roots and fundamental ingredients of modernity. The question raised is what were the criticisms and weaknesses of modernity which led to the emergence of the school of thought called post-modernism? Hence, three concepts of epistemology, ontology and anthropology are applied as ingredients of comparison between the two paradigms of modernity and post-modernity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - "The effect of managers' competitive intelligence on modernization of small industries"
Hossein Budaghi Khajeh Nobar Karim Esgandari Reza RostamzadehThis study aimed at identifying the effect of managers' competitive intelligence on modernization of small industries in East Azerbaijan province. In this study the competitive intelligence dimensions based on French management Faculty theory which included (trade, tech MoreThis study aimed at identifying the effect of managers' competitive intelligence on modernization of small industries in East Azerbaijan province. In this study the competitive intelligence dimensions based on French management Faculty theory which included (trade, technical, social, strategic awareness and competitors situation)on modernization of small industries indices have been studied. The research population included small industries managers which added up to 2713 people. Using Cochran's formula the sample size was 337 people. The sampling method was stratified random sampling. To gather the data a researcher made questionnaire was used. The presented model, using structural equation modeling (SEM) with partial least square the research hypotheses were tested. The results showed that the competitive intelligence and its four dimensions have positive and meaningful effect on the modernization of the small industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - بررسی رابطه مؤلفههای اجتماعی- فرهنگی و آسیب‌پذیری اخلاقی (مطالعه موردی دانشآموزان دبیرستان ناحیه دو شهر یزد)
مهناز فرهمند حمید محمدی مهدی عالی نژادآسیبشناسی و تعیین آسیب‌پذیری اخلاقی دانشآموزان گام اساسی در مصون‌سازی آنها در برابر تغییرات ارزشی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی و اخلاقی است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی میزان آسیب‌پذیری اخلاقی دانش-آموزان انجام یافته است. چارچوب نظری از نظریات دورکیم، اینگلهارت و لرنر تشکیل شده است. Moreآسیب‌شناسی و تعیین آسیب‌پذیری اخلاقی دانشآموزان گام اساسی در مصون‌سازی آنها در برابر تغییرات ارزشی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی و اخلاقی است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی میزان آسیب‌پذیری اخلاقی دانش-آموزان انجام یافته است. چارچوب نظری از نظریات دورکیم، اینگلهارت و لرنر تشکیل شده است. این پژوهش، با تکنیک پیمایش رابطه بین میزان آسیب‌پذیری اخلاقی و عوامل اجتماعی- فرهنگی مؤثر بر آن را در بین دانشآموزان پسر شهر یزد بررسی کرده است. تعداد 386 نفر با روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای برای نمونه آماری تحقیق انتخاب شدند. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهند که بین متغیرهای سن، نوگرایی، مصرف‌گرایی، مقبولیت اجتماعی، کاهش تعهدات دینی و سنتی با آسیب‌پذیری اخلاقی رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. بین میزان استفاده از رسانه با آسیب‌پذیری اخلاقی رابطه معناداری مشاهده نشد. تحلیل رگرسیون چند متغیره نشان داد که سه متغیر مقبولیت اجتماعی، کاهش تعهدات دینی - سنتی و سبک زندگی غربی 63% از واریانس تغییرات در متغیر وابسته آسیب‌پذیری اخلاقی را تبیین کردند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - نقش جهانی شدن ارتباطات (اینترنت و ماهواره )بر نحوه گذران اوقات فراغت زنان جوان (مورد مطالعه: زنان جوان استان مازندران؛1395 )
ماجده قلی پور محمدصادق مهدوی باقر ساروخانیامروزه مسأله­ای به نام جهانی­شدن و استفاده از فناوری اطلاعات، شکل گذراندن اوقات فراغت را متفاوت کرده است. بیشتر مردم و از جمله زنان ترجیح می دهند اوقات فراغت خود را با تکنولوژی مرتبط با فناوری نو پر کنند. بنابراین بیشتر زمان فراغت خود را با دیدن برنامه های ماهوا Moreامروزه مسأله­ای به نام جهانی­شدن و استفاده از فناوری اطلاعات، شکل گذراندن اوقات فراغت را متفاوت کرده است. بیشتر مردم و از جمله زنان ترجیح می دهند اوقات فراغت خود را با تکنولوژی مرتبط با فناوری نو پر کنند. بنابراین بیشتر زمان فراغت خود را با دیدن برنامه های ماهواره­ای و استفاده از اینترنت می­گذرانند. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی جامعه شناختی جهانی شدن ارتباطات(اینترنت و ماهواره ) بر نحوه گذران اوقات فراغت زنان جوان، صورت گرفته است. جامعه آماری کلیه زنان جوان شهرستان چالوس واقع در استان مازنداران می‌باشد که طبق فرمول کوکران 374 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماری تعیین شدند. در مبانی نظری از نظریه‌های مرتبط با این حوزه استفاده شده و در پایان مدل نظری تحقیق، طراحی گردیده است. این تحقیق با استفاده از مطالعات میدانی و روش پیمایشی انجام گرفته است. ابزار گردآوری داده­ها پرسشنامه محقق ساخته و بعد از برآورد اعتبار و پایایی در بین پاسخگویان توزیع گردید. پس از گردآوری دادهها، بر‌اساس آمارهای استنباطی و با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS ، دادهها مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرارگرفته‌اند. نتیجه حاصل شده نشان می­دهد که بین استفاده از اینترنت و اوقات فراغت فعال، بین استفاده از اینترنت و اوقات فراغت غیرفعال، بین استفاده از ماهواره و اوقات فراغت غیرفعال، بین استفاده از اینترنت و اوقات فراغت سنتی، بین استفاده از ماهواره و اوقات فراغت سنتی، رابطه معکوس و بین استفاده از اینترنت و اوقات فراغت سنتی- مدرن، بین استفاده از ماهواره و اوقات فراغت سنتی- مدرن، رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین بین استفاده از ماهواره و اوقات فراغت فعال، رابطه وجود ندارد. Manuscript profile -
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313 - الگوهای ازدواج و ارتباط آن با رضایت زناشویی؛ مورد مطالعه دانشجویان همسردار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحدسنندج*
جلیل سحابی سعید خانی اسعد خانیهدف اصلی این مقاله، بررسی و شناخت الگوهای ازدواج و ارتباط این الگوها با رضایت زناشویی دانشجویان شاغل به تحصیل در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سنندج است. چارچوب نظری مطالعه از ترکیب نظریات نوسازی، همسان‌همسری، میدانی لوین و مبادله گرفته شده و بر مبنای آنها، مدل نظری و فرضیا Moreهدف اصلی این مقاله، بررسی و شناخت الگوهای ازدواج و ارتباط این الگوها با رضایت زناشویی دانشجویان شاغل به تحصیل در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سنندج است. چارچوب نظری مطالعه از ترکیب نظریات نوسازی، همسان‌همسری، میدانی لوین و مبادله گرفته شده و بر مبنای آنها، مدل نظری و فرضیات تحقیق ساخته و پرداخته شد. این مطالعه با رویکردی توصیفی- تحلیلی و به روش پیمایشی در سال 1391 انجام گرفت. داده‌های تحقیق با تکنیک پرسشنامه ترکیبی (محقق‌ساخته و استاندارد) از 272 نفر دانشجوی همسردار که با روشهای طبقه‌ای متناسب و خوشه‌ای یک مرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند، جمع‌آوری گردید. نتایج مطالعه حاکی از به تأییدرسیدن اکثریت فرضیات تحقیق بود، هر چند که برخی از یافته‌ها در جهت مورد انتظار نبوده است. بر اساس نتایج، سطح و میزان رضایت زناشویی بر حسب الگوهای ازدواج، عوامل همسان‌همسری و ویژگی‌های جمعیتی پاسخگویان و همسران آنها متفاوت و معنی‌دار بوده است. نتایج رگرسیون چند متغیره حاکی از آن بود که در رضایت زناشویی دانشجویان ترکیبی از عوامل الگوهای ازدواج و عوامل جمعیتی و نوسازی تأثیر دارند و این عوامل حدود 65 درصد از تغییرات رضایت زناشویی را توضیح می‌دهند. به طور خلاصه، نتایج مطالعه حاضر با پیش‌فرض‌های رویکردهای نوسازی و ایده‌ای، همسان همسری و تا حدودی نظریه میدانی لوین انطباق داشته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - بررسی تجددگرایی و محرومیت نسبی در استفاده از لوازم آرایش از دیدگاه دانشجویان
علی هاشمیان فر صدیقه افروز حسین برزگر عزیزاله آقابابایی اسداله بابامیرهدف اصلی این مطالعه بررسی تجددگرایی و محرومیت نسبی بر گرایش دختران در استفاده از لوازم آرایش می‌باشد. امروزه در میان طیف وسیعی از دختران جوان استفاده مفرط از وسایل آرایشی مشاهده می‌شود. این نیاز توانسته این صنعت را پایدارتر کند منابع نظری موجود و تحقیقات پیشین مدعی تأث Moreهدف اصلی این مطالعه بررسی تجددگرایی و محرومیت نسبی بر گرایش دختران در استفاده از لوازم آرایش می‌باشد. امروزه در میان طیف وسیعی از دختران جوان استفاده مفرط از وسایل آرایشی مشاهده می‌شود. این نیاز توانسته این صنعت را پایدارتر کند منابع نظری موجود و تحقیقات پیشین مدعی تأثیرپذیری وسایل مدرن به عنوان الگوی اجتماعی که جوانان را تحت تأثیر قرار میدهد. این پژوهش با روش پیمایش و از طریق ابزار پرسشنامه انجام شده است. تحلیل آن از طریق نرمافزار آموس صورت گرفته است. جامعه آماری کلیه دانشجویان دختر دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران پزشکی شهر تهران بود. تعداد جامعه آماری برابر800 نفر از این تعداد، 400 نفر بر اساس نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان میدهد که بین متغیر محرومیت نسبی با میزان استفاده از لوازم آرایشی و میزان تجددگرایی با میزان استفاده از لوازم آرایشی دارای رابطه معنادار می‌باشد. بین تجددگرایی و میزان گرایش دختران برای استفاده از لوازم آرایش رابطه معنی‌داری وجود دارد. نتایج معادلات ساختاری نشان میدهد که شاخص ریشه میانگین برابر 058/0، نسبت کای اسکوئر به درجه آزادی برابر 31/2، مقدار نسبی واریانس و کواریانس برابر 90/0 و شاخص برازش تطبیقی برابر 821/0 نشان میدهد. همچنین شاخص برازش مقتصد نیز در این مطالعه برابر 67/0 می‌باشد که نشان میدهد مقدار قابل قبول است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - بررسی تأثیر نوسازی فرهنگی و مکانیسم تأثیرگذاری آن بر ارزشهای خانواده (مطالعه موردی : شهرستان نهاوند
منصور حقیقتیان مسعود دارابیطی چند دهه اخیر، نهاد خانواده متأثر از ورود، فرآیند و پیامدهای نوسازی تغییر و تحولات ژرفی را در دو سطح عینی- ساختاری و ذهنی معنایی تجربه کرده است و با مسائل جدیدی مواجه شده است که برخی از آنها معرف پیشرفت و رفاه و برخی دیگر مبین مسائل اجتماعی آسیب­زایی­اند که به Moreطی چند دهه اخیر، نهاد خانواده متأثر از ورود، فرآیند و پیامدهای نوسازی تغییر و تحولات ژرفی را در دو سطح عینی- ساختاری و ذهنی معنایی تجربه کرده است و با مسائل جدیدی مواجه شده است که برخی از آنها معرف پیشرفت و رفاه و برخی دیگر مبین مسائل اجتماعی آسیب­زایی­اند که به مثابه عواملی بازدارنده از سرعت پیشرفت و توسعه در جامعه می کاهند. بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضربه بررسی تأثیر نوسازی فرهنگی و مکانیسم تأثیرگذاری آن بر ارزش­های خانواده در شهرستان نهاوند می پردازد. به منظور دست یابی به این هدف از بین عوامل ومتغیرهای گوناگونی که در فرایند نوسازی بر تحولات خانواده تأثیرگذار است، متغیرهای ریسک­پذیری، بازاندیشی، کمرنگ­شدن باورهای مذهبی به عنوان متغیرهای مستقل انتخاب شده است. مبانی نظری متغیرها و پارامترهای این پژوهش، بر مبنای نظریات: اسملسر، گود، گیدنز و اریش بک و اینگلهارت تدوین شده است.روش تحقیق در این پژوهش پیمایش و ابزار گردآوری داده ها، پرسشنامه دارای قابلیت اعتماد و اعتبار است . جامعه آماری پژوهش، از افراد18 سال به بالاتر اعضاء خانواده ها در شهرستان نهاوند است، حجم نمونه 390 نفر است که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و با روش خوشه ای چند مرحله ای به دست آمده است.روش اصلی در تحلیل داده ها، رگرسیون و مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری است. نتایج نشان می­دهد که سه مؤلفه نوسازی فرهنگی یعنی، ریسک پذیری، بازاندیشی، کمرنگ­شدن باورهای مذهبی بر افول اشکال خانواده و پیدایش شکل مدرن آن مؤثر بوده است. بعد ریسک پذیری بیشترین میانگین را (3.38) داراست و کمرنگ شدن باورهای مذهبی با مقدار 3.02 دارای کمترین مقدار میانگین می باشد. و در کل میانگین فرآیند نوسازی فرهنگی در جامعه مورد مطالعه 3.25 بوده است. همچنین نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون حاکی از آن است که نوسازی و مؤلفه­های آن در مجموع 25. واریانس تحولات ارزشی خانواده را تبیین می­کند. Manuscript profile -
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316 - مطالعه جامعه شناختی تاثیر پست مدرنیته بر مسئولیت جوانان در تهران
مسعود دارابی منیرسادات میرمحمدی -
Open Access Article
317 - مطالعه جامعه شناختی تاثیر سبک زندگی بر هویت اجتماعی و عوامل موثر بر آن
رضا اسماعیلی علیرضا عابدین زاده -
Open Access Article
318 - A Study on the Different Effect of Religiosity in General and Private Spheres of Life
Taghi Azad Armaki Fatemeh Moradi -
Open Access Article
319 - Values of the Family and Effect of the Cultural Modernization on it among the Youth of Bushehr
Tayyebeh Pourbehi Mohhamad Bazrafshan -
Open Access Article
320 - Sociological Analysis of Social Modernization and Its Impact on Forming a Family of Educated Youth )Case Study of Students of Golestan Province)
Mostafa Khosravi -
Open Access Article
321 - Effective Factors Involving in Modernism among the Youth in Shoshtar
Akbar Zareh Shahabadi Masoud Hajizadeh Maymandi Ali Karampour -
Open Access Article
322 - The Influence of Family and Satellite Interaction in Divorce Increasing
Mohaammad Reza Naeimi -
Open Access Article
323 - The Dictatorial Quasi-Romanticism of The First Pahlavi Government In The City of Bandar Anzali
Erfan Khasm Afkan Nezam Mostafa Kiani HashemiThe nostalgic longing for "passing from tradition to modernity (modernism)" and "returning to the past with authority and splendor (nationalism)" forms the essence of the worldview of "Iranian pseudo-romanticism" in the first Pahlavi period. This worldview and intellect MoreThe nostalgic longing for "passing from tradition to modernity (modernism)" and "returning to the past with authority and splendor (nationalism)" forms the essence of the worldview of "Iranian pseudo-romanticism" in the first Pahlavi period. This worldview and intellectual philosophy, of which literature and architecture were only one of the fields of its emergence, and in the social and political fields, in the form of intellectual movements that stimulated Iranian nationalism or nationalism as a way to integrate and empower Iran in Reza Khan's government, and caused the transformation of Iran became a stable and secure country. One of the ways of implementing Reza Khan's "Imperial Theory" was the use of art and especially architecture. Therefore, the current research seeks to find the answer to the question that the worldview of Iranian pseudo-romanticism in order to legitimize the modernist actions of the first Pahlavi government, how and with what indicators and components were manifested in the architecture of government buildings in Bandar Anzali city? Was the image created by the government in line with the opinion of the intellectuals? Therefore, the research is of a qualitative and applied type, using the comparative-comparative method through the method of library studies. The results of the research show that in addition to Pahlavi's cultural discourse to realize his modernist approach through architecture in the form of building "Government Buildings" modeled after European architecture, it is necessary to create mental images in the citizens through the accompaniment of intellectuals of that period in the form of "reports and travelogues". In order to encourage citizens to modernize, we should also consider it. It was almost after the modernization process of the first Pahlavi period that the city of Anzali became a "resort" for the first time for Tehranians who preferred to spend their free time in this city to the point where everyone called it "Fangistan of Iran". According to the results of the research, we witness the realization of the "romantic era of the city of Bandar Anzali" in the first Pahlavi period. In order to encourage citizens to modernize, we should also consider it. It was almost after the modernization process of the first Pahlavi period that the city of Anzali became a "resort" for the first time for Tehranians who preferred to spend their free time in this city to the point where everyone called it "Fangistan of Iran". According to the results of the research, we witness the realization of the "romantic era of the city of Bandar Anzali" in the first Pahlavi period. In order to encourage citizens to modernize, we should also consider it. It was almost after the modernization process of the first Pahlavi period that the city of Anzali became a "resort" for the first time for Tehranians who preferred to spend their free time in this city to the point where everyone called it "Fangistan of Iran". According to the results of the research, we witness the realization of the "romantic era of the city of Bandar Anzali" in the first Pahlavi period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - The Globalization, space and changes of expenditure culture with an emphasis on Land uses changes (Case study: Sa'aadat Abaad district, region 2 of Tehran)
Jila Sajadi Parviz Aghaei Kobra MoradiThe changes of expenditure pattern have caused change of land application (from the traditional form to the modern form) and many problems. Consequently this study has been conducted in Sa'aadat Abaad quarter in district 2 of Tehran city hall in order to investigate eff MoreThe changes of expenditure pattern have caused change of land application (from the traditional form to the modern form) and many problems. Consequently this study has been conducted in Sa'aadat Abaad quarter in district 2 of Tehran city hall in order to investigate effective factors in the changes of expenditure pattern. The volume of statistical community is 30 thousand people among whom 380 improbable sample have been chosen by Cochran formula. The study is conducted by descriptive-analytic research method and has a practical-applicable goal. The data and information have been gathered in both ways of desk study and field study. Data analyses have been done by inferential test, Pearson and Regression inferential, in addition to quantitative and descriptive subjects. The research results indicate that the first prior application ( retailers, bakeries, supermarkets, and ...) have owned the least share of 9.16 % in 1393 while the fourth prior application and unnecessary applications ( pizza places, coffee shops,...) have enhanced their share by 48% from 1385 and the previous years. The globalization variables have affected the expenditure pattern as the highest correlation index of traveling abroad and using new applications of 0,527 can be observed. It means that as much as the globalization penetrates the society's culture, their expenditure pattern will change. In addition to the globalization variables, aging, education, economical condition of the residents and the income enhancement of these applications are also effective which will pave the way for using modern applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - Analyzing and Comparing the Prominent Elements Including Nature, Imagination and Freedom in Literary Works by Lord Byron and Simin Behbahani with a Focus on the Relationship between and among These Elements
Farzad Rostami Morteza RashidiRomanticism is an important move in the history of art and global thinking. In the present study, nature, imagination, and freedom have been selected from among the significant elements of romanticism based on the high frequency in the poems by Lord Byron and Simin Behb MoreRomanticism is an important move in the history of art and global thinking. In the present study, nature, imagination, and freedom have been selected from among the significant elements of romanticism based on the high frequency in the poems by Lord Byron and Simin Behbahani. Taking the relationship between and among these elements into account, it could be seen that the tendency towards nature, imagination and freedom play basic roles compared with the other elements of romanticism. The results of a comparative analysis of the aforementioned elements show that, although different in terms of geography, history, culture, and gender, these two poets have some things in common which stem from a common understanding of the nature of romanticism. The results of the present descriptive-analytic study indicated that imagination is a basic issue linked with other poetic elements. Unlike Byron who cannot literarily configure freedom as a specific issue despite his great efforts, freedom could be found in Behbahani’s poems admiring woman as a gender. However, the relationship between these elements in the poem of both poets similarly show that nature is an eternal source for imagination while showing freedom whereas the very imagination represents the freedom of soul and thought in romanticism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - Golshiri's Modernism in the Novel Prince Ehtejab Using Grotesque Elements
Seyd Esmaeil Ghafelebashi Fereshte Sadat HosseiniAdherence to form and technique in the story constitutes the framework of Golshiri’s ideas. To demonstrate the movement and dynamism in the literature, he broke with tradition and turned the story into a means for knowing himself and others. Following the mentione MoreAdherence to form and technique in the story constitutes the framework of Golshiri’s ideas. To demonstrate the movement and dynamism in the literature, he broke with tradition and turned the story into a means for knowing himself and others. Following the mentioned perspective, the novel Prince Ehtejab seeks to explore the depths and penetrates the hidden layers of the characters’ minds, discovers and knows oneself and others, and expresses the realities of society by disrupting the continuous order and sequence of time. Moreover, he used the grotesque genre to open his readers’ eyes to truths overlooked in everyday life in the face of reality. In this article, authors have studied modern techniques in this novel using analytical and library research methods and revealed that the novel Prince Ehtejab has been able to indicate the author to be a modernist. Furthermore, given the characteristics of deviation from accepted norms, metamorphosis, induction of a bitter and odious laughter, personification, depiction of madness in a romantic sense, depiction of dark and terrifying locations, description of horrific tortures, and presentation of a bitter death using metaphor and trope, he has illustrated the events occurred to four generations of an ancestry using the grotesque genre. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - Causes of Participation in Improvement and renewal of Urban Worn Texture (Case Study: Kheirabad Neighborhood in Birjand City)
pegah moridsadat Sajjad MohammadianThe worn and inefficient textures in cities are critical issues for sustainable urban development. Therefore, their renewal and improvement to achieve sustainable societies is emphasized. In this process, in addition to environmental-physical aspects, the socio-economic MoreThe worn and inefficient textures in cities are critical issues for sustainable urban development. Therefore, their renewal and improvement to achieve sustainable societies is emphasized. In this process, in addition to environmental-physical aspects, the socio-economic dimensions of the inhabitants of worn texture are considered. So, human factors and their participation in the improvement and renewal of these textures are very important and recognition of the participatory tendencies and factors affecting the promotion of their participation is essential. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study was to explain the factors affecting people's participation in the improvement and renovation of the worn texture of the Kheirabad neighborhood of Birjand city. This is a survey research by descriptive-analytical method and a questionnaire is used to data gathering. The population of the study was 1123 households living in Kheirabad neighborhood. Based on the Cochran formula, 163 households was calculated as sample size which selected randomly. The Mean and standard deviation used to describe the data. Data analyzing do by one sample T-test, Pearson correlation, multiple regression and path analysis. According to findings, respondents have the highest tendency to participate in decision making and have the least tendency to participate financially. The components of sense of belonging, trust and social solidarity, access to services, plans and supportive measures, institutional development and capacity building have an impact on the participation of people in the improvement and renewal of worn texture. Among these, the feeling of belonging to the place of residence is most influential (0.533). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - The Comparison of Modernization Process in Reza Shah Pahlavi and Mustafa Kamal Ataturk's era
Mojtaba Jafari Jalil NayebianReza Shah Pahlavi in Iran and Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in Turkey, after almost the same period of time, came to power, they implemented their modernization actions. The similarities and differences between the societies of both countries and the type of coping and acceptan MoreReza Shah Pahlavi in Iran and Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in Turkey, after almost the same period of time, came to power, they implemented their modernization actions. The similarities and differences between the societies of both countries and the type of coping and acceptance of modernity have led to a different fate in the discussion of the process of modernization. These two political leaders in an attempt to move the people towards the West in a manner that unifies and assimilation the people for the purpose of applying their ideas to the unconditional fulfillment of their modernization pattern. Both Reza Shah and Ataturk intended to move people to modernization in the process of command and from above. The comparison and comparative study of Reza Shah and Ataturk's actions reveals many similarities, but given these similarities in terms of the theoretical approach and the relative effectiveness of Iran from Turkey, we are seeing more differences in the intensity and variety of these actions. In this paper, we seek to answer the main question: Why, despite the similarity of the theoretical approach, modernization during the reza Shah era found a different fate than modernization during the era of Ataturk? Considering the main question, the main hypothesis is the difference in the functioning of the institution of religion in relation to the government along with other factors, which led to the failure of modernization in the period of the Reza Shah Pahlavi compared with the modernization during the period of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - A study of Yazd educational system in the Qajar period
ahmad babayi Soheila Torabi Farsani Mohammad Hasan MirhosainiAbstract:The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the developments and backgrounds of the formation of the new educational system and schools in the Qajar period. By choosing the historical period of "Qajar" as the source and beginning of the changes in the n MoreAbstract:The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the developments and backgrounds of the formation of the new educational system and schools in the Qajar period. By choosing the historical period of "Qajar" as the source and beginning of the changes in the new educational system in Yazd, the present study has tried to analyze and explain the "contexts, content and process of educational developments in Yazd" with a descriptive and analytical approach. According to studies, teaching in a new style began in the middle of the reign of Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar with the initiative of religious missionaries in Yazd. Subsequently, religious minorities such as Zoroastrians, Jews, merchants, and dignitaries established new-style schools and established the growth and dynamism of the city's education system. However, this process faced many obstacles and obstacles. However, the traditional methods of education, namely schools of religious sciences and schools in Yazd, continued for decades after the constitution. In the process of changes in the educational system and the formation of new education in Yazd, factors such as global developments and domestic developments in the country, the characteristics of Yazd multicultural society due to religious minorities, Qajar tendency towards education and new educational styles (from the middle of Qajar), The establishment of new schools such as Dar al-Fonun, etc., local newspapers, Zoroastrian merchants, the Constitutional Revolution and the establishment of schools by minorities and religious missionaries, etc. have been effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - The study of how Russian views entered Iranian modernist ideas at the beginning of the Qajar period (Reflecting on the example of the Akhondzade)
Akbar Zarifi alireza abtahi feizollah boushasbThe beginning of relations with the new image between Iran and Russia dates back to the formation of the Qajar government in Iran. From the beginning of the Safavid era, trade relations have been the cornerstone of these relations. Until Peter the Great's time in Russia MoreThe beginning of relations with the new image between Iran and Russia dates back to the formation of the Qajar government in Iran. From the beginning of the Safavid era, trade relations have been the cornerstone of these relations. Until Peter the Great's time in Russia, the importance of Russia's settlement was not for Iranian agents, and most Russians were interested in relations.What effect did the consequences of this conflict have on Iranian modernity? And how and what was the impact of this impact? And where did it have a direct impact?After the war, there were issues that directly affected the quality of relations. The Caucasus route became a way for Iranians to become acquainted with the sparks of modern life and try to achieve something. The Russians became acquainted with European civilization earlier than the Iranians. After the wars, the Iranians tried to achieve a civilization that was recognized as the cause of Russia's victory in the wars. Iranian thinkers based in the Caucasus or related to the Caucasus, They were the first to try to get acquainted with Europe and localize European modernist congresses and bring them back to the country. Recognize the ways in which ideas that can be necessary and useful for the development of the country's structures are always necessary by looking at the past. Especially for countries that have just entered the path of development. Which is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - Analysis of Position of Religion in Interaction with Modernity in Ideas of Religious Intellectuals of Pahlavi II (Case Study: Shariaati and Bazargan)
maryamsadat moosavi shokrollah khakrand hassan allahyariThe study of the contemporary history of Iran Indicates the influence of the role-playing of social forces such as intellectuals, in formation of foundations and substructures of political-social evolutions in Iranian society. One of the fundamental evolution at this po MoreThe study of the contemporary history of Iran Indicates the influence of the role-playing of social forces such as intellectuals, in formation of foundations and substructures of political-social evolutions in Iranian society. One of the fundamental evolution at this point is the emergence of intellectual current, called «Religious Modernity». But the present study, considering the importance of the emergence of religious modernism and it's role in the evolution of Iranian history, has investigated the political-social ideas of intellectuals and the discourse of Islam, in interaction with western modernity in attitude of religious modernist in a descriptive-analytical method using library resources, therefore the purpose of the present study is to answer this question, what are the characteristics of the interaction between religion and the modernity in the political and social attitude of intellectuals of this period? The results of present study in research of the political-religious discourse of intellectuals such as Sharia'ti and Bazargan, indicates a close interaction between religion and science in the religious intellectuals idea, thus Islam in relation to Modernity and new scientific concepts in intellectuals aspect, defined as an ideology, with broad social functions as well as an inseparable element. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - Investigation and measures of the consequences of modernization and creation of a new national identity in the first Pahlavi period
Hojjat Abbasi Torki Monireh Kazemi Rashed MohammadTaghi Emami KhoeiSince the second half of the nineteenth century, modernity and its various aspects, such as the modern state and national identity, have been the main issue discussed by Iranian elites. In this study, the modernity and ideological and historical origins of Iranian natio MoreSince the second half of the nineteenth century, modernity and its various aspects, such as the modern state and national identity, have been the main issue discussed by Iranian elites. In this study, the modernity and ideological and historical origins of Iranian nationalism in the post-constitutional period and the change of Qajar monarchy have been studied. Internal riots and crises and relentless foreign intervention in the country have led constitutionalist intellectuals seeking a new approach to breaking the deadlock to ensure the well-being of the masses without their participation in the political and social process. The fundamental thinking that emerged during this period was in fact a reflection of the chaotic situation of the time, which on the one hand sought to form a powerful central government that could end the turmoil, and on the other hand the prevalence of nationalism that could end long-standing attachments. Eliminate religious, sectarian, ethnic and local and replace it with national identity. The main issue in this research is the study of influential intellectual circles and prominent figures of these schools of thought, which sought to create national unity among the ethnic groups living in Iran through nation-building. Examination of the data shows that the creation of a homogeneous society and one language endangers the basis of national unity, and on the other hand, the recognition of different ethnic groups, unites all political and ethnic groups and leads to political and social development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - Explain the role of Khorshid Banoo in the social, cultural and literary modernity of Qarabagh 1315-1253 AH / 1897-1837 AD
yasaman javanshir manizheh Sadri Esmaeil Hasan zadeh hoseyn ahmadiKhorshid Banoo is one of the most important progressive and modernist women of the 13th century AH / 19th century AD in Qarabagh region. His family situation caused his life to be tied to politics, willingly or unwillingly. Khorshid Banoo's childhood and adolescence coi MoreKhorshid Banoo is one of the most important progressive and modernist women of the 13th century AH / 19th century AD in Qarabagh region. His family situation caused his life to be tied to politics, willingly or unwillingly. Khorshid Banoo's childhood and adolescence coincided with the political and military turmoil and tensions in the region, especially in Karabakh, which led to her tendencies towards modernity and modernism. The pursuit and understanding of modernity in various social, cultural and literary aspects of Qarabagh by a woman and a prince is significant and important, which will be addressed in this study. In this research, we try to answer the questions of how modernity ideas were created in Khorshid Banoo and what role did Khorshid Banoo play in the social, cultural and literary modernity of Karabakh? Findings show that acquaintance with different personalities in the idea of modernity through his numerous trips to various cities in the Caucasus, especially Tbilisi, as well as his family situation has had a major impact on the modernization of the Karabakh region. Despite many problems, Khorshid Banoo's activities in creating civic institutions, civilizations and the flourishing of literature have had a major impact on increasing the cultural and social level of the Karabakh community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - Analytical analysis of the ideas of Ayatollah Lari and Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi in the Constitutional Revolution
mohammad Bidgoli asghar rajabi dehborzoeiIran's constitutional revolution was the beginning of a meaningful system and an important intellectual, conceptual, political and social transformation in the contemporary history of Iran, which over time led to transformations and the creation of various discourses. A MoreIran's constitutional revolution was the beginning of a meaningful system and an important intellectual, conceptual, political and social transformation in the contemporary history of Iran, which over time led to transformations and the creation of various discourses. Ayatollah Seyed Abdul Hossein Lari from the Sharia-oriented discourse and Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi from the religious modernism discourse both belong to the constitutionalist discourse. The question of the current research is the analytical analysis of the thoughts of Ayatollah Seyyed Abdul Hossein Lari and Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi about the constitution. The method used in this article is the conflict-centered discursive method of Michel Peshu, and by adopting a historical-analytical approach, it examines the opinions and thoughts of two great Shia clerics in the constitutional revolution. The findings of the article indicate that the confrontation of Ayatollah Seyyed Abdul Hossein Lari and Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi with the requirements of the new world and its issues, although it was done by relying on the element of rationality and using logical and reasonable reasoning, but their perception of this category of constitutionalism was different and of course had different consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - Title: Analyzing reza shah encounter with religoin issue and searchikg his behavior with spiritualty
Mehrab Hatami Manizheh Sadri Simin Fasihi nazli Eskandari NezhadAbstractAfter the coup and accessing sultane, Reza shah at least apparently showed areligious behavior. But his behavior change from 1306 and gradually showedseverity against some religious ceremonies and spiritualties' actions. Rezashah, influenced by his counterpart a MoreAbstractAfter the coup and accessing sultane, Reza shah at least apparently showed areligious behavior. But his behavior change from 1306 and gradually showedseverity against some religious ceremonies and spiritualties' actions. Rezashah, influenced by his counterpart ataturk, considered religious anddenomination as a barrier for revival and modernization and desired building amodern iran by modernization in army, administration system , Law system,and education and even conseration organization and renewing power andcourt structures in which religion and spiritualty had a loe function. Is Rezashah encountered uniformally with religion and religious ulens or hid behaviorhas change during years? It can only be judged that for any reason in earlyyears of Reza shah sultanate, religion has been important and spiritualty hasbeen respectabke but gradually hus behavioe is influenced by his powerseeking behavior. Current study wants to answer this question in fact whyReza shah change his religious trend why he didn't continue that but also hechange toward contrasting with a descriptive-analytic procedure considerschallenges between spiritualties and Reza shah and reason of the contrastbetween these two wings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - modernizing the traditional irrigation system in western Iran: Pahlavi's era
Shayan Karamirehabilitation program changed the old system of traditional irrigation. Theconsequences of modernizing the traditional irrigation system in western Iran are themain issue of the present paper. By studying this issue, the analysis of the reasons for themodernization and Morerehabilitation program changed the old system of traditional irrigation. Theconsequences of modernizing the traditional irrigation system in western Iran are themain issue of the present paper. By studying this issue, the analysis of the reasons for themodernization and the explanation of the strategic conditions of the irrigation systemmodernization program, are as the objectives of this research. The present study has aqualitative approach. Data was collected from the archives of documents and otherlibrary resources, based on targeted sampling. To analyze the data, the grounded theorymethod is used. The findings show that, under the conditions of insufficient averageannual rainfall, it was imperative to use artificial irrigation techniques in agriculture. Thedevelopment of commercial agriculture, and the expansion of planting of crops, led tomore attention to artificial irrigation systems. The use of pressurized irrigation systems,along with other traditional irrigation techniques, is one of the most important strategicplans in modernizing the irrigation system. Modern damming, deep and semi-deepexcavation, irrigation network development and rehabilitation, and the integration oftraditional irrigation systems in regional irrigation administrations, including theactivities of an independent irrigation firm in western Iran. Increasing the level ofcultivation of cash products, such as opium, beet and cotton, was based on the importantimplications of modernizing the traditional irrigation system in western Iran, utilizingmodern irrigation knowledge, increasing irrigation efficiency, reducing tension andimproving social relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - The Impact of Modern Understanding of Right in the Thought of the First Iranian Intellectuals in the Qajar Period
Alireza Bahrami Reza Shabani sina forozeshOver the past two centuries, with the advent of modern issues of the West to Iran,political thought has undergone many changes in many other aspects of the Iraniansciences, and in many respects it has diverged from its earlier foundations and hasturned to some controver MoreOver the past two centuries, with the advent of modern issues of the West to Iran,political thought has undergone many changes in many other aspects of the Iraniansciences, and in many respects it has diverged from its earlier foundations and hasturned to some controversy over the past. Has introduced.One of the first debates discussed at the beginning of the introduction of moderndiscussions in Iran is the question of natural law. It should be noted that this discussionwas never considered by the intellectuals of Iran due to conflict with Shi'ijurisprudential compounds before the Qajar period. But in the early period, the Qajargovernment was considered as the starting point for the introduction of moderndiscussions into Iran by the Iranian intellectual movement, and they were discussing itin the light of their Western patterns in this regard.In this research, which has been written by historical method and review of previousdocuments, the author examines the issue of the emergence of modern understanding ofthe question of right in Iran and investigates the works of the first practitioners of thisdiscussion and its effects on the first thought Iranian intellectuals have been analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - Identification and analysis of factors affecting strategic entrepreneurial modernization in the Deputy of Transportation of Tehran Municipality
navab hoseyni parviz saeidi Roohalla SamieeIntroduction: Entrepreneurial strategic modernization causes extensive changes in the organization and the organization is more adaptable to the various needs of stakeholders, so the purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the factors affecting strategic entre MoreIntroduction: Entrepreneurial strategic modernization causes extensive changes in the organization and the organization is more adaptable to the various needs of stakeholders, so the purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the factors affecting strategic entrepreneurial modernization in the Deputy of Transportation of Tehran Municipality. Methodology:This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of implementation method, which was performed by mixed exploratory method. In the qualitative stage, the research team consisted of 15 academic and organizational experts who were selected by judgment and snowball method. In the quantitative stage of the statistical population, all experts and customers of Tehran Municipality were indefinite that the sample size according to Krejcie and Morgan table was 384 people and simple random sampling method was used. The Delphi method was used to identify the factors and the structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the relationships of the variables with Smart Payals software. Results and discussion: Delphi results showed the factors affecting entrepreneurial strategic modernization, including 36 components in 9 dimensions (innovation and creativity, resources and capabilities of the organization, learning and changing managers' mental models, empowerment and freedom of action, service dynamics, strategy, redefining marketing mix strategies, External factors and intra-organizational factors). The results of structural equations also showed innovation and creativity (0.512), resources and capabilities of the organization (0.349), learning and changing mental models of managers (0.307), empowerment and freedom of action (0.321), service dynamics ( 0.493), strategy (0.421), redefining marketing mix strategies (0.363), external... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - Introducing and Numerical Modelling of a Type of Reinforced Composite Panel as a Modern Technology in the Construction Industry
mehrdad movahednia Mohammad Reza TabeshpourBased on numerous studies, using weak and fragile building materials such as traditional brick due to their high weight, low strength, and low ductility during earthquake will cause the most casualties and losses. Observations from past earthquakes indicate that many st MoreBased on numerous studies, using weak and fragile building materials such as traditional brick due to their high weight, low strength, and low ductility during earthquake will cause the most casualties and losses. Observations from past earthquakes indicate that many structures have undergone remarkable damage even in moderate earthquakes. Low ductility and strength, high weight and severe strength degradation under seismic loads are responsible for these buildings failures. In this paper, behavior of a modern reinforced composite gypsum panel is evaluated and compared with corresponding panels made with traditional materials. The cheap and accessible basic materials used for making these panels result in favorable performance including a significant increase in the tensile and compressive strength as well as providing panels with integrity. So that when it breaks down, its particles do not disintegrate. In order to determine the basic mechanical properties of such panels, numerous standard tensile, compressive, and shear tests have been performed on various panel specimens at the materials laboratory of the faculty of mechanical engineering, Sharif University of Technology. Considerable ductility, strength, energy dissipation capacity, minimum cost, and fast construction are among the features of the proposed panel. Applying the finite element simulation, the buckling force of these composite gypsum panels were determined, which shows high buckling capacity. Subsequently, parametric studies were performed to evaluate the effects of openings on the behavior of these panels as load-bearing walls. The results of experimental tests for this type of panel presented that tensile strength is 4.3 Kg/Cm2 and compressive strength of panel is 18 Kg/Cm2, which are more considerable in comparison with the other traditional masonry materials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - Old City, Modern Life ((Case Study: Dezful City)
Dr.Mansooreh MehrganHistorical fabric is inherently harmonious, as it has organically evolved over time based on the needs of citizens. Its constituent elements are coherent and complement each other, contrasting with the anomalies and inconsistencies we see in modern urban spaces. Additio MoreHistorical fabric is inherently harmonious, as it has organically evolved over time based on the needs of citizens. Its constituent elements are coherent and complement each other, contrasting with the anomalies and inconsistencies we see in modern urban spaces. Additionally, in historical fabrics, there are spatial realms of various scales, from the private realm of a house to the semi-private realm of a gateway and the public realm of passage; the passage leads to crossroads, markets, and ultimately to the bazaar. The historical fabric of Dezful, with an area of 240 hectares and over 113 nationally registered monuments, has a historical background dating back thousands of years, making it one of the oldest cities in Khuzestan Province. Therefore, this article attempts to first examine the concept of the old fabric and its structure; then it delves into the continuity, coherence, and relationship of Dezful's historical fabric with the modern fabric of this city in urban studies - to revive it - this connection occurs in a balanced and sustainable manner when the entity of the old city structure is understood, and its roots of continuity are examined and strengthened. This article pays attention to the issue of the old fabric on a macro scale and modern life on a micro scale. The old fabric of Dezful city can be strengthened and highlighted from a museum valuation perspective, which requires conservation policies and programs, and there is another approach based on comprehensive revitalization and revitalization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - The Influence of Teaching Based on Fundamentals of Modern Educational Technology on Students’ Life Skills in the Universities of Mazandaran
Ameneh Amanzadeh Boneh Mansur NugmanovThe goal of this study was to investigate the influence of fundamentals of modern educational technology training on students’ life skills in universities of Mazandaran Province. Considering the objective, it was a practical research, and considering the method, i MoreThe goal of this study was to investigate the influence of fundamentals of modern educational technology training on students’ life skills in universities of Mazandaran Province. Considering the objective, it was a practical research, and considering the method, it was a semi-experimental procedure with pretest/posttest and control group. The statistical population included all university students in academic year of 2012-2013 (n=312586). Using cluster random sampling method, three colleges were selected, and using stratified random sampling method with optimum ratio allocation, a number of 50 individuals were selected as sample and placed in the test and control groups. Data collection tool was a researcher made questionnaire that contained 45 questions and four skill dimensions (decision making, problem solving, critical thinking and creative thinking). The face and content validity were approved by faculty advisors and reliability was calculated 0.86 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis test and t test. Findings showed that the fundamentals of modern educational technology (web-based training, computer and mobile learning) had a significant effect on life skills (decision making, problem solving, critical thinking and creative thinking). Also, there was no significant difference between modern educational technology impacts on students' life skills based on their gender. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - Determining the Feasibility of Developing New Educational Technology with ICT Approach in Sari Primary Schools
Mohammad Salehi Reza Ali Gholizadeh Mohammad Reza SadeghiThe purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of developing new educational technology with ICT approach in Sari primary schools in 2009 – 2010 academic years. The research method was descriptive - survey. The statistical population included all the e MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of developing new educational technology with ICT approach in Sari primary schools in 2009 – 2010 academic years. The research method was descriptive - survey. The statistical population included all the experts, managers and elementary school teachers in Sari amounted to 1620 people. The sample including 463 people was selected according to Krejcie - Morgan table through random method. The data were gathered using the researcher – made questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated through Cronbach alpha (0/95) and data analysis was done by X2 test. The results of this study showed that schools were well equipped in regard to the computer facilities for school affairs, however, such facilities were not optimal for educational affairs (for teachers and students), that is in half of the schools, teachers have no computer, an in nine – tenth of schools, students lack computers. Teachers' ICDL skill was dim too but they show high interest and motivation to use new technologies in education. Also status of e-learning content is poor and has received the lowest consideration of 33/4% and teachers have no role in e-learning content i.e. teachers' art and teaching skills in e-learning materials are neglected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - Comparative Analysis of the Security in the Neorealist and Postmodern Perspective
محمد رضا اقارب پرست محمد میلاد شجاعیAbstract Security is the vital and important subject in international relations. Theories of international relations provide different view about the state of creating secure condition or emergence of insecurity. Therefore, the question of security is the preoccupation MoreAbstract Security is the vital and important subject in international relations. Theories of international relations provide different view about the state of creating secure condition or emergence of insecurity. Therefore, the question of security is the preoccupation of most theorists in this field. The question raised by the present article is "What homogeneities and heterogeneity exist between postmodernism and neorealism in security field?" The underlying hypothesis is that regarding the positivist and post positivist approaches of the two, neorealism and post modernism show different views about security. The paper by using comparative approach deals with the issue of security from neorealist and post-modernist viewpoints to show their similarities and differences. The finding of the study shows that neorealism has strengthened the position of super-government in the field of security. However the common basis of all postmodern beliefs is that, the state is not the main and exclusive actor in the established positivist approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - The Grounds of Emergence and Growth of Extremism in Central Asia: The Case Study ISIS
mohammadreza majidi یوسف باقریAbstract: One of the Takfiri groups which in recent years has committed violence and extremism in South West Asia is a group called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). This group grew up in a context of lack of democracy and citizen's right, political and social un MoreAbstract: One of the Takfiri groups which in recent years has committed violence and extremism in South West Asia is a group called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). This group grew up in a context of lack of democracy and citizen's right, political and social unawareness and with the logistic and financial support of regional and extra-regional power could survive for half a decade and put a serious challenge to regional governments in West Asia. ISIS as a group with extremist ideology and with its nature, objectives and a prospect which it draws for itself is a potential threat for Central Asian countries. The present article by applying the theory of confrontation with modernity and the theory of failed state wants to examine the possibility or impossibility of the emergence of ISIS in Central Asia. The authors of the article are of the view that a section of Islamist in Central Asia due to their opposition to modernity may come under the influence of ISIS thinking and this paves the ground for their presence in Central Asia specially that ISIS is leaving Syria and Iraq and they are searching for new places to continue their presence. Nevertheless the existence of authoritarian and relatively stable governments in Central Asia limits the possibility of the presence of this group. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical and the data have been collected form library sources and internet sites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - Indo-Pacific and the need for a more serious look at the Islamic Republic of Iran
Mehrdad Alepour Rashid Recabian Vahid GhorbaniIn recent years, in order to consolidate and develop its national interests, Iran, by establishing a traditional strategy of looking to the East, has paid special attention to establishing close relations and close interaction with countries present in the Indo-Pacific MoreIn recent years, in order to consolidate and develop its national interests, Iran, by establishing a traditional strategy of looking to the East, has paid special attention to establishing close relations and close interaction with countries present in the Indo-Pacific strategic region. Considering the strategic transformations that have overshadowed the Iranian diplomatic apparatus, the authors of the present study have tried to answer this strategic question by answering this strategic question with a descriptive-analytical approach and applying the hidden theoretical assumptions in the new regionalist theory. How is the Indo-Pacific powerhouse evaluated? The hypothesis raised by the above question suggests that the system was influenced by the difficulties imposed by the unprecedented sanctions imposed by the West as well as by the special position that the Indo-Pacific strategic area has achieved in the post-Cold War geopolitical equations of Iran. The more active presence in multilateral regional systems and the increase in the level of its political-economic interactions with the system of East Asian powers such as China, the direction, axis and scope of its foreign policy is directed to the regions beyond the eastern borders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - Fabianity of modernization;Comparison of the reform measures of Atatürk and Reza Shah (1921-1941)
Shahla Najafi Majid BozorgmehriAtatürk and Reza Shah started the modernization program in Turkey and Iran almost simultaneously. Despite the historical similarities in the field of corrective measures of both personalities, the aforementioned process brought different results in the two countri MoreAtatürk and Reza Shah started the modernization program in Turkey and Iran almost simultaneously. Despite the historical similarities in the field of corrective measures of both personalities, the aforementioned process brought different results in the two countries; Compared to Reza Shah, Mustafa Kamal faced more success and the mobilization of the opposition was less widespread. The present study seeks to answer the question that compared to the simultaneous modernization project of Reza Shah and Atatürk, why Mustafa Kamal was more successful in institutionalizing reforms. Based on the findings of the research, Atatürk was able to implement his plans by adopting the Fabian approach (branch by branch and gradual, and striking method within the Fabian strategy) in the context and historical background of Turkish society. On the other hand, Reza Shah Pahlavi, without taking into account the historical and social situation of Iran's society at the time, could not provide infrastructure power in the society to support his policies with the simultaneous and radical plans. In this article, we will answer the research question in a brief manner by addressing the historical background of the reforms in the two countries, and then by using a qualitative and comparative analytical-historical-comparative method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - Morality and Politics from Critical Theory Point of View
Jamil Hassan poor Manoochehr DehyadegariThroughout the exuberant and bustling history of human's life, we had never been in such a desprate need for developing a better understanding of virtue, politics and norms as well as paying need to moral principles, these all have turned out to be one of the much debat MoreThroughout the exuberant and bustling history of human's life, we had never been in such a desprate need for developing a better understanding of virtue, politics and norms as well as paying need to moral principles, these all have turned out to be one of the much debated and controversial issues in our hectic era. Science and technology have triumphed over all different aspects of mankind. Consequently the major principles of spirituality and morality are greatly influenced by mundane, terrestrial upheavals. Technology and Modernity which is highly known as communication and information epoch had eliminated political borders and consequestly it had exposed all nations, peoples and countries, to a sort of cultural attack which can lead to culture trauma, the offspring can be viewed as a crisis as well as a change in decriminalizing legalizing politics in the century. The notion of "criticism" is a metaphor for pathology which aims at criticizing the modernity, known as a phenomenon devoid of moralities. This concept sides up with a guide for human's action The ultimate goal is to restore, resurrect its actual benefits and views. Scholars like "Adorno, Horkheimer, Marcuse ,Habermas, Hana Ahrenet Eric From" are well known founders of the Theory in the th century. They made an attempt to criticize positivist human Sciences. The aim of this essay is to study the role of morality and polities and their relationship from the point of view of the critical theory. It also criticizes modernity, a phenomenon that has emerged as a cosequence of scientific transformations. In this research, the co-relational method in used. The major question asked is about the relationship between morality and polities from the point of view of the critical theory. In general, it is concluded that there is consensus among theorists of critical theory concerning the interaction between morality and polities, believing that brutalities and disasters are direct consequences of separation of morality and politics. In the view of critical theorists, it seems that modernism on the one hand, has brought alout development and prosperity, but on the other hand has considered instrumental rationality as the source of most misfortunes causing distraction of morality and constraining individual freedom in politics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - The Critique of Nativism in Ale Ahmad Thought
Mohammad taghi Ghezelsofla Negine Nooryan DehkordiCriticism and assessment of thought streams of contemporary Iran is affected by how they face with the problem of modernity and tradition. In the confluence of Iranians and modern world, intellectual elites through making a judgment about these two options, at the same MoreCriticism and assessment of thought streams of contemporary Iran is affected by how they face with the problem of modernity and tradition. In the confluence of Iranians and modern world, intellectual elites through making a judgment about these two options, at the same time, determined the direction of their theoretical path .In the present article, with referring to the intellectual needs in understanding the three approaches: modern-oriented, domestic (or native)-oriented and selective (or eclectic!!)-oriented, the focus will be on the thought of Jalal Ale Ahmad. Ale Ahmad according to his literary, political and intellectual works is a domestic-oriented thinker. This writing intends to discuss this hypothesis that for what reasons the domestic-oriented outlook contains paradoxical and poor ideas. It will be argued that Ale Ahmad both in proposing the meanings of the "West" and "Modernity", and more important, the "Eastern" or "Domestic", represents paradoxes and contradictions. In order to confirm the hypothesis in this text, descriptive-analytical method with reference to this author's works will be utilized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - The Military Rise of China and the Challenges before American Hegemony
Mohammad Ali Basiri Syed Hesamolldin Moosavi Mohammad Ali rayatei neshadThe military rise of China is one of the important events of modern history. It is for more than two decades that China by taking up rational policies in domestic and international arena has achieved tremendous progress. These accomplishments along with vast potential o MoreThe military rise of China is one of the important events of modern history. It is for more than two decades that China by taking up rational policies in domestic and international arena has achieved tremendous progress. These accomplishments along with vast potential of this country has changed it into a great and influencing power and one of the candidates of superpower position in the twenty first century. Since the United States considers itself as the only superpower of the modern world, the rise of China is a challenge to its hegemony. This challenge points out the necessity of responding to it. The present article while evaluates the Chinese military progress, its impact and consequences raises this question that what should be the United States policy for facing the rising military power of China? The paper also evaluates the hypothesis that the military development and growth of China is the indication and its tendency for world hegemony and becoming a superpower in international arena. Thus with the rise of China and its establishment as a world power in new world order in thecoming decade, major contradiction will increasingly emerge between the United States and China. This conflict of interests, besides ideological difference, will lead to the strategic interest rivalry in Asia-Pacific and even in the whole world. Since these developments do not conform to the long range policies of the United States it will pursue a two pronged strategy of containment and participation to face this security dilemma. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - The Military Modernization of China: Objectives, Strategies
Saeed Vosoghi SayyedHesamoddin Mosavi mohecen bagiIn 1990 decade after the realization of the importance of sophisticated weapons in the Persian Gulf war (1990-1991), the process of revolution in military affairs, the increasing strategic concern due to the challenges posed by the United States to the military interest MoreIn 1990 decade after the realization of the importance of sophisticated weapons in the Persian Gulf war (1990-1991), the process of revolution in military affairs, the increasing strategic concern due to the challenges posed by the United States to the military interests of China in Taiwan, the emergence of Japan as a regional military power and also the military power of India and its increasing regional influence which made the occurrence of war more possible, one witnesses China’s inclination towards defence technology and modernization of People’s Liberation Army(PLA). Therefore in security thinking of China the priority of improving the military power has reached the level of priority of economic development. In this direction the Chinese leaders in the past decade taking into consideration the above changes have set strategic goals and adjusted their defence policies and have achieved enormous progress in defence technological field Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - میراث پسا مدرنیزم: برتری والای واژگان بر نحو
بهروز عزبدفتری -
Open Access Article
352 - The effect of lifestyles on social control of Covid19 virus outbreak in the city Bandar Mahshahr
اعظم خطیبی Farshad AlenaserThe spread of Covid-19 created social panic in the world and the resulting irrational behaviors affected the lifestyles of people in such a way that the social health of the society was threatened. Based on this, the aim of the research was Survey the impact of lifesty MoreThe spread of Covid-19 created social panic in the world and the resulting irrational behaviors affected the lifestyles of people in such a way that the social health of the society was threatened. Based on this, the aim of the research was Survey the impact of lifestyles on the social control of the spread of Covid-19 in the city of Bandar Mahshahr. That is, it seeks to answer the question of whether lifestyles affect the social control of the spread of Covid-19 in the city of Bandar Mahshahr. What is the difference in their effectiveness? Durkheim and Chris' theories of social control and the theories of lifestyles of Weber, Simmel, Veblen, Giddens-Wilken, Sobel and Cockerham and Alcock were used. The research method is descriptive-analytical with an applied purpose. The statistical population was citizens 20 years old above Bandar Mahshahr city. The sample size was determined using the Cochran's formula of 384 people. A researcher-made questionnaire with face validity and reliability of 0.756 was used for data collection. The results of regression correlation showed that unhealthy and healthy lifestyles had more explanatory and predictive power than other lifestyles in social control of the prevalence of virulence 19 and the Leven test showed that unhealthy lifestyle with direct impact -0.756 and healthy lifestyle with total impact -0.429 have had the most impact. In order to encourage a healthy life, it is necessary to plan by teaching a suitable model for all unpredictable crisis situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - Evaluation of environmental aesthetics perception evolution in the transition from traditional to modern society with emphasis on identity crisis in contemporary city image
mohadese seyhani hossein safari amirreza karimiazeri seyedeh mamak salavatianThe transformations and developments in the field of art and the variations of art definition boundaries since the twentieth century have also had a significant impact on the aesthetic view of modern human beings. But these changes in aesthetics criteria and architectur MoreThe transformations and developments in the field of art and the variations of art definition boundaries since the twentieth century have also had a significant impact on the aesthetic view of modern human beings. But these changes in aesthetics criteria and architectural components are rooted in which fundamental changes in the aesthetic approach to accelerate the transition from past traditional society toward today's modern society? The present study tries to, using an analytical-comparative method based on documentary and library information with the sociological approach and the analysis of the creation process and the transition of art from traditional society to modern society, with the aim of identify the relative causes of the decline in the nature of art in present aesthetics and reducing the longevity of contemporary art experience especially in architecture. The findings of the study indicate that aesthetics in art including Iranian art, shifting from the traditional society to today’s modern society, has gradually departed from the qualitative symbolic and conceptual aesthetics and is tending towards a formal aesthetics with individualistic character which lacks referential concepts and having a more superficial perception which consequently leads to a shorter lifetime Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - The evolution of the Tehran Bazaar after the Islamic revolution; Social analysis of urban policies
Masumeh Ahmadi Fatemeh Dousti Seyyedaboulhasan RiaziTehran Bazaar is one of the traditional and local institutions of Iranian society. During the Pahlavi period, Iran's political system, relying on a kind of modernist ideology, undertook policies that weakened Tehran's Bazaar, but with the occurrence of the Isl MoreTehran Bazaar is one of the traditional and local institutions of Iranian society. During the Pahlavi period, Iran's political system, relying on a kind of modernist ideology, undertook policies that weakened Tehran's Bazaar, but with the occurrence of the Islamic Revolution, it was expected that in the light of the ideology of the Islamic Republic system, which emphasized a kind of local modernity, the Bazaar would take the path of strengthening and revitalization. Therefore, this article studies the consequences of urban policies on the status and position of the Bazaar in Tehran in the post-revolutionary period. In this study, a combination of interviews with experts and document study was used, and the data were analyzed and summarized using content analysis. Urban policies implemented and affecting Tehran Bazaar have been examined under the three main categories of "Transferring the functions of the Tehran Bazaar to commercial centers", "Strengthening the tourism function of the Tehran Bazaar and "Protecting and revitalizing the Tehran Bazaar". The overall result of these policies has been to weaken the Bazaar in most functions and to intensify the process of transforming the Tehran Bazaar from a multifunctional social institution to a purely commercial institution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - The effect of lifestyles on social control of Covid19 virus outbreak in the city Bandar Mahshahr
Azam Khatibi Farshad AlenaserThe spread of Covid-19 created social panic in the world and the resulting irrational behaviors affected the lifestyles of people in such a way that the social health of the society was threatened. Based on this, the aim of the research was Survey the impact of lifestyl MoreThe spread of Covid-19 created social panic in the world and the resulting irrational behaviors affected the lifestyles of people in such a way that the social health of the society was threatened. Based on this, the aim of the research was Survey the impact of lifestyles on the social control of the spread of Covid-19 in the city of Bandar MahshahrDurkheim and Chris' theories of social control and the theories of lifestyles of Weber, Simmel, Veblen, Giddens-Wilken, Sobel and Cockerham and Alcock were used. The research method is descriptive-analytical with an applied purpose. The statistical population was citizens 20 years old above Bandar Mahshahr city. The sample size was determined using the Cochran's formula of 384 people. A researcher-made questionnaire with face validity and reliability of 0.756 was used for data collection. The results of regression correlation showed that unhealthy and healthy lifestyles had more explanatory and predictive power than other lifestyles in social control of the prevalence of virulence 19 and the Leven test showed that unhealthy lifestyle with direct impact -0.756 and healthy lifestyle with total impact -0.429 have had the most impact. In order to encourage a healthy life, it is necessary to plan by teaching a suitable model for all unpredictable crisis situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - Social and Economic Effects of Gentrification stemming from Aggregation Policies (case of study: District 15 of the city of Tehran)
seyed Yaghoub Mousavi mohamad reza zandmoghadam sasan masoudiThe main objective of this paper is to identify and analyze the socioeconomic effects of modernization of dilapidated areas as a result of aggregation policies in the city of Tehran. This research made use of the survey method and needed data were collected from a strat MoreThe main objective of this paper is to identify and analyze the socioeconomic effects of modernization of dilapidated areas as a result of aggregation policies in the city of Tehran. This research made use of the survey method and needed data were collected from a stratified random sample using a questionnaire. The research population of the study consisted of all the residents aged 24-80 in district 15. After reviewing related theories, at the end a theoretical model was designed. Data were analyzed through, inferential statistics by using the SPSS software. the effects of modernized aggregation on social and economic dimensions were measured through Pearson's test. The most significant relationship was in the social dimension of the level of sense of belonging (0.335), participation (0.334), security (211/0), social services (0.616). In economic dimension, the highest ratio is in land and housing arrangement (0.269), investment (0.129) and income and expenditure (0.106). pathway analysis of the results showed that the most significant and strongest effects of the accumulation of modernized textures can be direct impact on the variables of participation (0.406), security (0.340), land and housing (0.448), income and expenditure (380 / 0), and social services (0.318). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - A Sociological Analysis of Social Ethics and Factors impacting it (case of study: city of Tehran)
Farhad Jalili talchgah Alireza Kaldi Hossein Aghaghani MarsaThe present study aimed to investigate the situation of social ethics in Tehran and to find the social factors that influence it. The main approach of this research is the integrated and multidimensional theory of social order. The research method was survey and the dat MoreThe present study aimed to investigate the situation of social ethics in Tehran and to find the social factors that influence it. The main approach of this research is the integrated and multidimensional theory of social order. The research method was survey and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. The research population included men and women over 18 years of age in Tehran, 600 of whom were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software. The results showed that social ethics variables of this study included responsibility- with an average score of 3.01 out of 5 was at the medium range; fairness - with an average score of 2.46 out of 5 was at the low range; and moral commitment- with an average score of 2.83 of 5 was also at the medium range. The overall score of social ethics with an average of 2.14 out of 5 was also at the low range. Based on the results, it can be said that people’s loyalty to social ethics in Tehran is not at a satisfactory level. The results of step by step regression analysis showed that variables like national identity, religious identity and ethnic identity, and the age of people has an enforcing impact on social ethics. Education and length of stay in Tehran had negative effects on social ethics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - .Body management and the acquisition of modern identity in female citizens, using Grounded Theory approach (Case of study: Gorgani women)
Mahbobeh Ilvari. Afsaneh Edrisi.The purpose of this study was to understand the place of media and social networks in the conceptual model of women's body management and the acquisition of modern identity. The research was conducted using qualitative approach, grounded theory method and the paradigma More.The purpose of this study was to understand the place of media and social networks in the conceptual model of women's body management and the acquisition of modern identity. The research was conducted using qualitative approach, grounded theory method and the paradigmatic model. Data analysis was performed using the continuous comparative method of Strauss and Corbin. Unstructured, in-depth interviews were conducted individually, and the duration of each interview session was between 1-2 hours. 15 interviews were conducted. 67 concepts were formed and 21 categories were created. Interviewees were selected via a snowball sampling method. In this study, triangulation validity was used. The results showed that the modern identity was acquired through exclusion of the adult woman, psychological and mental preoccupations, and compliance with social demands. Factors affecting the acquisition of modern identity were identified as body-dysmorphic-disorder, the desire to reach the era of beauty and dreaming of the ideal body. Advancement of technology, people's encouragement and public acceptance were the intervening conditions and the acquisition of modern identity lead to imitating of media and reference groups and a search for beauty surgeons and hair stylits. The consequences of such actions and responses are addiction and dependency to makeup, showing the vertical mobility of social classes, showing good taste and creativity to others, and the spreading of a culture of consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - City and novel: A sociological study on the formation of Persian novel in the urban space of Iran
Khayyam Abbassi Shabnam HatampourThis research was done with the sociological approach of the novel and in the methodological framework of the qualitative paradigm. The studied samples were selected by purposive sampling technique. The central question of the research wa whether there was a relationshi MoreThis research was done with the sociological approach of the novel and in the methodological framework of the qualitative paradigm. The studied samples were selected by purposive sampling technique. The central question of the research wa whether there was a relationship between urbanization in Iran and the formation of Persian novel or not. The theoretical foundations of research are adaptations of the sociological theories of Marx, Simmel, Goldman and Lukcs that have explored both central concepts of research (novel and city). To examine the subject, nine popular contemporary novels that represented and reflected the two phenomena of city and novel were selected. The results showed that through the mediation of economic, social and cultural factors, there was a relationship between the expansion of urbanization (especially after the beginning of the first and second Pahlavi rule) and the formation and development of Persian novels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - An Evaluation of environmental aesthetics perception in the transition from traditional to modern society with an emphasis on identity crisis in contemporary city
Mohadese Seyhani hossein safari amirreza karimiazeri seyedeh mamak salavatianThe transformations and developments in the field of art and the variations in definitions of art since the beginings of twentieth century have had a significant impact on the aesthetic views of modern human beings. But which fundamental changes in aesthetic approach ar MoreThe transformations and developments in the field of art and the variations in definitions of art since the beginings of twentieth century have had a significant impact on the aesthetic views of modern human beings. But which fundamental changes in aesthetic approach are at the roots of the transition from past traditional society to today's modern society? The present study, using an analytical-comparative method based on documentary and library information with a sociological approach and the analysis of the creation process and the transition of art from traditional society to modern society, aims to identify the relative causes of the decline of arts in present aesthetics and the reduction of longevity of contemporary art experience especially in architecture. The findings of the study indicate that aesthetics in arts including Iranian art, has gradually departed from the qualitative symbolic and conceptual aesthetics and tends towards a formal aesthetics with individualistic character which lacks referential concepts and has a more superficial perception which consequently leads to a shorter lifetime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - The Presentation of A paradigm of multiple identities in urban space (Case of study: Tehran's neighborhoods in 1398)
farnaz farhadian Mehrdad Navabakhsh soroush fathiThis research aimed to address the conceptualization of multiplicity of identities in the city of Tehran. A qualitative research method was utilized and the interview technique was used to collect needed data. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with residents o MoreThis research aimed to address the conceptualization of multiplicity of identities in the city of Tehran. A qualitative research method was utilized and the interview technique was used to collect needed data. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with residents of different neighborhoods of Tehran (including: Niavaran, West, Velenjak, Chitgar, Rey, and Sayyere St.). It should be noted that by completing 30 interviews, the so-called theoretical saturation was reached. The method of encoding interviews was inductive and in the form of three types of open, axial and selective coding based on the coding logic of Strauss and Corbin, Which has led to the drawing of a paradigm pattern of identity in the city of Tehran. The overall result of this study was that changes in urban space have caused changes in the relationships of individuals with each other and in the environment, which leads to the duality of the emergence of traditional and modern identities in the behavior of residents of neighborhoods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - .The Effects of modern urban spaces on women's identity Reflexivity in Women’s Gardens in the city of Esfahan
Asieh Aghaeo Hosein anadi Mansour Haghighatian sayed naser hejaziThis research aims to study the impact of modern urban spaces on women's identity. The main idea of the research derived from Giddens's theory that the use of new places is effective on different groups of society. Given that Women's Gardens have recently been establi MoreThis research aims to study the impact of modern urban spaces on women's identity. The main idea of the research derived from Giddens's theory that the use of new places is effective on different groups of society. Given that Women's Gardens have recently been established in some cities of Iran, including Isfahan, it seems that these spaces can be effective in making women reflect on their identity. In this study, 330 Isfahani women who these gardens during a 120-day period were selected as research sample through a multi-stage sampling technique from the 6 gardens that were selected from different neighborhoods. A questionnaire was used to collect needed data.. The obtained data were then analyzed using various statistical tests including structural equations modeling. Findings showed that modern urban spaces have had an impact on changing women's views and ways of thinking. However, due to the novelty of these gardens the changes have often occurred in the domain of ideas and a long way still remains ahead before practical changes arise from modern spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - An Overview of the Transformation of the Official Clothing of Government Personnel of the Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar and Reza Shah Pahlavi Periods
fariba mehrmand Ali Akbar KhedrizadehExpansion of the relations between Iran and the West is one of the hallmarks of the Qajar and Pahlavi era. Familiarity with the culture and Western civilization of Iran has caused a relatively large social change, including changing the clothing of some sections of soci MoreExpansion of the relations between Iran and the West is one of the hallmarks of the Qajar and Pahlavi era. Familiarity with the culture and Western civilization of Iran has caused a relatively large social change, including changing the clothing of some sections of society, and especially the official dress of government employees. Based on this, the main purpose of the paper is to review the developments in the official dress of Naser al-Din Shah government staff and the Reza Shah period. Now, the question arises, what difference has there been between the design and the manner in which the work of the state employees during the period of Naser-al-Din Shah was during the period of Reza Shah? The hypothesis of the article is that with the efforts of Shah Qajar and Pahlavi I to change the cover, the official dress of government employees changed in terms of rank, position, social communication and in terms of design and how it was implemented. The research method in this paper is based on the description and adaptation of historical data and the results of this research indicate the process of westernizing influence on the cost of Naser al-Dinshah's administrative staff and the escalation of modernity on the development of state-owned personnel clothing with the authoritarian method of Reza Shah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Discourse Analysis of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in the Viewpoint of Identity
hamed nazari seyed javad emamjomehzadeh ali alihosseiniThe main purpose of this article was to move on the course of new political sociological developments, postmodern turn and then to use categories of identity through discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe to analyse the Islamic revolution in Iran. In this regard, the sho MoreThe main purpose of this article was to move on the course of new political sociological developments, postmodern turn and then to use categories of identity through discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe to analyse the Islamic revolution in Iran. In this regard, the shortcomings and the reasons for the shortcomings of revolutionary theories in explaining the success of various revolutions have been pointed out, and then an attempt has been made to provide a model in the field of revolutionary theories to have a higher explanatory power to answer questions and to remove ambiguities. In the present study in order to achieve this model, the issues related to identity and discourse have been combined and from this perspective the reasons for the victory of the Islamic revolution of Iran have been analyzed. Since in the new political sociology, discourses are the mirrors for the representation of conflict and transformation in identities, on the eve of 1979, the discourse of the Islamic revolution of Iran was able to marginalize all other discourses by emphasizing on Islamic identity and revolutionary signs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - Postmodernist critique of the novel "Pasti" by "Mohammad Reza Kateb"
Faghiheh Deghan Reza Sadeghi Shahpar In recent years, the use of techniques and components of postmodern fiction has been one of the most important challenges for Iranian storytellers. In the present study, the novel More In recent years, the use of techniques and components of postmodern fiction has been one of the most important challenges for Iranian storytellers. In the present study, the novel "Postal" by "Mohammad Reza Kateb" has been studied descriptively-analytically from the perspective of postmodernism. The narratives of the novel are the biographies of the characters in different forms and times. The contradiction throughout the novel stems in part from this point. Irregularity, incoherence and order of narrative, uncertainty, characterization, multiplicity of narrative, fluid flow of mind, fluidity of time and place, contradiction, endless story and fusion of writing style are some of the postmodernist components of the novel. Is postal. Given the postmodern features reflected in the postal novel, it can be considered postmodern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Post-colonial readings of self/other-contrast in the “Bivatan” novel based on the Edward Said’s Orientalism thinking
tahmineh shojaatzadeh narges oskooei arash moshfeghiOne of the most important works of Reza Amirkhani – who can be considered a leading author and owning a style in the resistance and anti-colonial literature – is his “Bivatan” novel in which the author through an meaningful arrangement of west mo MoreOne of the most important works of Reza Amirkhani – who can be considered a leading author and owning a style in the resistance and anti-colonial literature – is his “Bivatan” novel in which the author through an meaningful arrangement of west modern cultural demonstration beside eastern traditional, has represented the contrast between these two culture and hidden and apparent struggle between the very well to audience. The importance of this novel is in that the author has been able in the form of post-modern literature, and utilizing the events of the contemporary world such as imperialism leadership and dominance on the other countries, challenge the cultural contrast of west and east, influence of the west language on the east and also the eastern identity crisis and report its result in the form of increasing development of west’s extensive influence on the east. The present research utilizing descriptive-analytical method highlights the components of Edward Said’s thinking such as: traditional identity and modernity, east inferiority compared to the leadership and dominance of the west world, contrast of the identity concept of self and other in the post-colonial area and in the base of the “Bivatan” novel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - The evolution of Shafi'i-Kadkani views in the critique of contemporary poetry (Based on the characteristics of his research method)
Hoseyn Ghorbanpoor Abbas Shahali RamshehEvery researcher 's idea and thought change during scientific researches is inevitable and certainly is a route to perfection .Dr. Shafiee Kadkani is one of the researchers in the field of modern poem and mystical literature in Iran .He always speaks about change in vie MoreEvery researcher 's idea and thought change during scientific researches is inevitable and certainly is a route to perfection .Dr. Shafiee Kadkani is one of the researchers in the field of modern poem and mystical literature in Iran .He always speaks about change in viewpoints and even sometimes speaks about contrast in ideas in his works .In this paper ,we study four following features : decisiveness and audacity , scientific caution ,satire in locution ,and exaggeration in locution .Then we present some examples about his methodology . His ideas change has been presented in the most important processes (Nima new poem,prosaic poem and Hajm poem ) and the most important poets (Nima, Sohrab Sepehri,Mahdi Akhavan Thaleth ,Forogh Farohkzad and Ahmad Shamloo).Generally , in some cases ,his laudatory , opposite and ironical tone about a process or a poet has stayed constant , and in some cases, these ideas have changed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Modern narrative techniques in the cheetah story series that ran with me
homa hooshyar reza sadeghi shahpar ghahreman shiriOne of the keys to unraveling the complexities and understanding or obscuring of modern stories is to understand the narrative style and storytelling techniques. Each story generates unique questions and answers associated with narrative practices. Choosing and Creating MoreOne of the keys to unraveling the complexities and understanding or obscuring of modern stories is to understand the narrative style and storytelling techniques. Each story generates unique questions and answers associated with narrative practices. Choosing and Creating the Narrative Style opens up to the author among the old or recurring concepts and themes of the narrative - a new world. Bijan Najdi is one of the contemporary modernist storytellers who has special techniques in storytelling, and these particular techniques distinguish his stories from those of other contemporary storytellers. In the present article, Bijan Najdi's collection of cheetahs that ran with me is examined from the perspective of modern narrative techniques. The research results show that he used modern narrative techniques such as: narrative narrative, plural narrative, and delirious narrative, use of cinematic techniques, angle of view rotation, and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Investigate and Compare the Performance of Channel and Low Pressure Polyethylene Pipes for Hydraulic (Case Study: Plain of Shush)
Mahmoud Malekpour Behrooz DahanzadehIran is one of the countries that is weathered in most of its regions with hot, dry and semi-arid weather. According to the average rainfall in the world, which is 860 mm in Iran and 240 mm in Iran, rainfall in Iran is very low.Meanwhile, with the increase and construct MoreIran is one of the countries that is weathered in most of its regions with hot, dry and semi-arid weather. According to the average rainfall in the world, which is 860 mm in Iran and 240 mm in Iran, rainfall in Iran is very low.Meanwhile, with the increase and construction of wells and the abundance of underground water reserves, the surface of these waters has fallen sharply, with increasing population, it is necessary to use modern methods of irrigation for optimal use of aquifers and cemeteries.For this reason, in this study, a case study was carried out in Araez Plain, located in the city of Susa, and compared the implementation of canal and one of the newest methods of irrigation, polyethylene low pressure pipe, using hydraulic, using the basics of design, maps, documents Contract, books, articles, pamphlets, calculations, hydraulic modeling, observations and field visits from the stages of material supply, implementation, duration of implementation.The results showed that due to lower water losses and optimal water use, the speed of operation and ease of implementation, the delivery of water to operators in shorter time, less land plots, and the optimal use of hydraulic hydraulics, polyethylene low pressure pipe Canal is preferable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Review and Compare of Hydraulic and Low-Pressure Polyethylene Canalet and Pipe Run
mahmoud malekpour Bfhrooz DahanzadehIran is one of the countries that most of it has a warm climate, dry and semi-dry.The average rainfall in the world that is 860 mm and 240 mm in Iran Rainfall precipitation in Iran is very low . Meanwhile, with the increase and construction of wells excessive and uncont MoreIran is one of the countries that most of it has a warm climate, dry and semi-dry.The average rainfall in the world that is 860 mm and 240 mm in Iran Rainfall precipitation in Iran is very low . Meanwhile, with the increase and construction of wells excessive and uncontrolled exploitation of reserves of underground water in the water level drastically gone down and our country grew and population growth, it is necessary for the optimal use of water resources and Precipitation of modern methods of irrigation. That's why in this case study on the plain Arayez located in the city of Susa to investigate and compare the performance of your channel and one of the modern irrigation techniques the pipes of low pressure polyethylene hydraulically using the principles of design, drawings, documents Treaty, books, articles, pamphlets, calculations, hydraulic modeling, observations and field surveys of the materials, performance, time has run out. The results showed that due to fewer losses of water and efficient use of water, speed of operation and high ease of implementation, water delivery to beneficiaries in a shorter time, toss less land and more efficient use of hydraulic head water pipe of low pressure polyethylene on channel is preferred. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - The process of modern poetry and its pivot
hamidreza GhanooniSince the composition of "myth", the prestigious work of Nima (1301 Lunisolar), the modern poetry in a variety of styles has followed different paths.Perhaps we should admit that this poetry has been diverted from its main path and encountered different short comings. H MoreSince the composition of "myth", the prestigious work of Nima (1301 Lunisolar), the modern poetry in a variety of styles has followed different paths.Perhaps we should admit that this poetry has been diverted from its main path and encountered different short comings. However, in modern literature, Nima is called the father of modern Persian poetry; it seems that he has failed to reach to the summit of this innovation style. After him, some have reached to the summit of this poetry style, but others either for ridiculous or loving purposes express their feelings in this form that can be reviewed and analyzed. By studying some of this poetry we can classify them as White poetry, Modern poetry Hajm poetry, design poetry etc… In fact, many of the modern poets who wanted to deign new style in Persian literature were unfamiliar with complexity of linguistic rules and consider only the form and content of the language. In this field those who reached to the highest points, had the talent of expressing their feelings in this artistic form and they were only a few poets. This article is a critical attempt at different layers of modern poetry by studying some of the linguistic criteria of classical poetry and considering it as a model on modern poetry; therefore, it may be helpful for those who are interested in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Innovations in the poetry of Gheisar Aminpour
soheyla Salahi MoghaddamModernism in the literature shows Disconnection from ruling traditions and conventions and creating new ways for looking at human position and his/her role in the system of universe. Modernism have special external and internal characteristics, like separation fro MoreModernism in the literature shows Disconnection from ruling traditions and conventions and creating new ways for looking at human position and his/her role in the system of universe. Modernism have special external and internal characteristics, like separation from the proportion of individualism and emphasizing on creative individuality of an artist, loneliness feeling, alienation and desperation preference of unconscious to conscious , free association and unconscious stream of mind and paying attention to psychologists like Freud and Jung and some of the existentialists. Innovation is more comprehensive than Modernism. It pertains to a specific period (early twentieth century) and just like any other literary movements has reached to its peak and then has been replaced by another movement namely, post Modernism. Innovation hasn’t any beginning or ending and throughout ages manifested in the literature and art as well as in modernism. Innovation means creativity and it is not an imitation. The question that the present article wants to answer is, Can the principal of innovation be seen in the poetry of Gheisar Amin pour? Before investigation of Gheisar Aminpour' poetry, special innovations can be seen in different periods in the Persian poetry. In the modern contemporary poetry, innovation and creativity in comparison with return literary style or even Mashrothe period is more preferable. The poetry of Gheisar Aminpour has some sort of innovation in outer form as well as inner form. In his prominent poetry whether classic or Neonimai we encounter a sort of innovation which is unprecedented in the previous poets. Defamiliarisation in the compound nouns such as Aieneh Nagahan is a title from one of his book which shows the innovation. In this article the collection of Tanafoseh Sobh has been investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - The concept of modernity and neoclassic approach in Parivin Etesami's Divan
maryam MosharrafParvin Etesami is one of the pioneers of modernity poetry in Iran. The rational foundations of her poetry should be considered as a response to the needs of enlightening era in constitutional period. Realism and relying on the wisdom, will, and responsibility of human f MoreParvin Etesami is one of the pioneers of modernity poetry in Iran. The rational foundations of her poetry should be considered as a response to the needs of enlightening era in constitutional period. Realism and relying on the wisdom, will, and responsibility of human for her/his destiny constitutes her social outlook. Avoiding of delusion and emphasizing on work and effort in her poetry is a lookout which are coordinated well with the demands of modernity era. With regard to language and style, following clearness, balance, using formal language, realism and meaning analysis especially within the framework of debate and allegory are branches of her neoclassic poetry. Therefore, all these factors have contributed for critics to place her within the modern poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Ethics and Its Traditional and Contemporary Constituents in Nima’s Poetry
MohammadHosein Nikdarasl Davood Ramezani Parsa AliReza ShanazariConstitution movement is one of the seldom events that have revolutionized social, political and cultural foundations of Iran. This change has been the result of connection with the west; the west which after medieval period, human- centrism, renaissance and industrial MoreConstitution movement is one of the seldom events that have revolutionized social, political and cultural foundations of Iran. This change has been the result of connection with the west; the west which after medieval period, human- centrism, renaissance and industrial revolution has arrived at modernity. In this impact of western modernity on Iran, Persian literature was amongst the constituents and offered new attitudes on features of literary works: features which matured when Nima appeared. In this attitude shift, Ethics was one of the things. In addition to its traditional contents, ethics experienced new things which were the result of modernity and a change in social structures and personal relations; things like patriotism, philanthropy, freedom, and etc. This essay reviews traditional contents of ethics in poetry of Nima and provides a scrutiny of new constituents in his poetry which were the result of the intellectual and literary transformation, for he was the most influential theorist of this transformation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - Evaluation of Physical-Spatial Structure of Iranian Cities from Point Of View of Modernism and Postmodernism (Case Study: Tehran Metropolis)
Yousef Zeinolabedin Nobakht Sobhani Faranak Saeidifard Majid AkbariInvestigating stages of physical growth and development in the cities of the world indicates the effect of two paradigms of modernism and postmodernism on the organization and spatial structure of cities. So that the effects of these two paradigms have led to the develo MoreInvestigating stages of physical growth and development in the cities of the world indicates the effect of two paradigms of modernism and postmodernism on the organization and spatial structure of cities. So that the effects of these two paradigms have led to the development of cities, the establishment and development of communication networks and highways, the creation of satellite towns and suburbs , and the greatest impact on the spatial and physical area of cities. Modernism and the effect of that modernity have had fundamental effects on the social, political, economic, cultural and physical spheres and most of all targeting the transformation of the urban community, including the city's physical-spatial dimensions, also they have greatly changed the concepts of urban culture. On the other hand, postmodernism has also had an impact on the spatial structure of city in terms of economic, social, political and methodological issues. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the spatial structure of Tehran metropolis from the perspective of modernism and postmodernism. The methodology of this research is descriptive-analytic and data collection is based on library and documentary studies. The results show that in modernism, components such as the physical viewpoint and single-dimensional urbanization, the creation of space spheres such as the creation of highways, air networks and architecture and high-rise construction and beady, respectively, were in the first to third positions, also in postmodernism components such as the mixed use and the diversity of housing construction, the existence of the principle of choice in the structure of city, and the average density and combined use of the combination, played a role in the first to third positions in terms of influencing the spatial structure on Tehran metropolis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Review and prioritize the implementation of Zabol road to improvement and promote urban renewal and sustainable anthropocentrism (Case study: streets of Zabul downtown tissue)
غلامعلی خمره اقبال نصیریDire situation of pedestrian in the cities, Lack of attention to the interests of pedestrian paths, and deteriorating network of streets and sidewalks are the issues that have plagued modern cities. This study with the expression of a pedestrian-oriented environment, em MoreDire situation of pedestrian in the cities, Lack of attention to the interests of pedestrian paths, and deteriorating network of streets and sidewalks are the issues that have plagued modern cities. This study with the expression of a pedestrian-oriented environment, emphasize on its importance as a model for Relocation in an urban setting. Each application for the renewal and modernization of the pathways that play a major role in the revitalization of cities is create. One of the problems of Zabol city is lack of proper sidewalks throughout the City as only 30% of the city sidewalks is useful for traffic. It is imperative that the need to address this issue. The main objective of this study is that the sidewalks as a public space for the development and modernization of the review and prioritization through several indicators that are effective in creating a civil right sidewalk. To become a sustainable city and anthropocentrism, in order to be active citizens. Descriptive and analytical research and with Using Vikor model 320 people in Zabol has been studied as an example. In the process of doing that, the weights calculated using analytical hierarchy process AHP, set priorities for improvement and modernization of Zabol sidewalks are clear. Our findings indicate that the situation in Zabol city sidewalks indicators presented in this study and the ideal of 100% good condition, 37% of the allocated number that are at a disadvantage in this respect. And don’t meet the needs of anthropocentrism, and sustainable cities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Nutrition geography a modern approach in eastern Guilan tourism
Akbar motamedimehr hossein mesdaghiIntroduction Tourism is among phenomena being transformed considerably with time as with many other sciences. Eastern Guilan geographic area receipts many tourists during different season of the year. In addition to natural attractions, various aspects of cultur MoreIntroduction Tourism is among phenomena being transformed considerably with time as with many other sciences. Eastern Guilan geographic area receipts many tourists during different season of the year. In addition to natural attractions, various aspects of cultural attractions in the area could be mentioned such as: traditional customs, local markets and specifically its nutritional culture. On one hand, nutritional habits in a society meet physiological requirements of the body; on the other hand, it's a cultural behavior. It may be logical if saying that foods recipe and processing methods is a way to transform regional nature to the culture of same place. Nutritional culture in eastern Guilan is in such a way that many play an influential role to attract more and more tourists, thus to development of the area. Research Methodology In present study, qualitative research technique was used. So that , questionnaires items were prepared initially by interviewing to clear-sighted figures and cultural honors, as well through field observations. Then using margin technique, sample population volume was defined up to 384. Next, questionnaires were completed randomly in tourism sites of Astane-Ashrafieh, Siahkal, Lahidjan, Langeroud, Amlash and Roudsar related figures were extracted using excel software, finally to test the hypothesis, since statistic population had qualitative variables, questions were ranking depending on qualities and amount and spearman scoring correlation coefficient from following equation was calculated for them: Ps =1- Where, d2 : deviations square in the scores, N: the number of question in static population nutritional geography in present study was considered as independent variable and tourism expansion and restoring the traditions and culture was considered as dependent variable in this study. Results Tourism will familiarize the person to geographic areas of other persons and cultures. It can be stated that culture is as a major attraction in tourism. Cultural differences between visitors and destination territory will double nutritional services attraction. Specifically if the food is served in a circumstance consistent to destination culture (decoration, light, music, etc). Nutritional geography in eastern Guilan has 5 unique characteristics: 1. Presence and wide variety of foods with vegetable origin. 2. Providing variants foods which in lowest time will be cooked and ready to meal. 3. Pharmaceutical properly in some of foods used in the area, 4. Eating food with opposing natures to prevent disease, 5. Geographic area elements such as local markets, regional nature, seasonal changes. Etc are important to select and cooking the foods in eastern Guilan. Local foods in eastern Guilan can be classified to three major groups: vegetative foods, meat foods and sea foods. Conclusion High percentage of tourists replied to the questions on local foods and its relationship to repeated journey, their motivation to trap, having pleasuring memory from eating local food in a suitable and reminiscent space along with specific hospitality of Guilan people with high percentage, it may be noted that local foods, due to being unique and providing from regional specific materials, show off and to survive versus non-local food patterns. It is considered as most prominent characteristic among tourists, nutritional geography is considered as independent variable and tourism development, tradition and culture restoring are considered as dependent variables in present study. Spearman scoring correlation coefficient was calculated equal to 0.917857 using excel according to question scoring, which represents direct and almost complete correlation between independent variable (nutritional geography)And dependent variables (tourism development) and traditions and nutritional culture restoration). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - Comparative Analysis of Productivity of Cassava Based Crop Mixture under Modern and Indigenous Technologies in Anambra State, Nigeria
Nwaiwu I. U Obasi, P. C Orebiyi, J. S Ibekwe U. C Korie O. C Henri-Ukoha, A Amaechi E. C. C Osuagwu C. O -
Open Access Article
379 - The relationship between social Factors and modernization in secondary school students of Shooshtar city
عبدالرضا هاشمی ashraf LashkariporAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the social factors associated with the degree of modernization in high school girl students in Shoushtar. To do this, among the statistical population of 3158 people, 342 people were selected randomly and completed t MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the social factors associated with the degree of modernization in high school girl students in Shoushtar. To do this, among the statistical population of 3158 people, 342 people were selected randomly and completed the research questionnaire. The main tool of collecting the research was a questionnaire with 58 items including general subscales, socioeconomic status, religious beliefs and the use of virtual media, whose validity and reliability were verified. Sampling was carried out in collaboration with Shoushtar School of Education through random sampling of schools. At presence of researcher in-house, questionnaires were distributed and completed after completion. Data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed by Pearson correlation and stepwise regression using SPSS software at a significant level of 0.05. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the socio-economic status of the family (P = 0.016), adherence to religious beliefs (P = 0.001) and ethnicity (P = 0/032) and students tendency to modernity. However, there was no significant relationship between the rate of media use (P = 0.151), and students tendency to modernity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - Sociological explanation of social and cultural factors related to family-oriented (study: Kohgiluyeh and Boyer)
HOssin Hossini reza esmaili asghar mohamadeEn el proceso de Gzarjamh Irán de lo tradicional a moderno complejo cultural de la sociedad han sido destrozadas. La familia no es sino una construcción cultural Nasrsnty en nuestra comunidad es importante y una de las culturas más basada en el valo MoreEn el proceso de Gzarjamh Irán de lo tradicional a moderno complejo cultural de la sociedad han sido destrozadas. La familia no es sino una construcción cultural Nasrsnty en nuestra comunidad es importante y una de las culturas más basada en el valor en cualquier sociedad es un modelo de organización social señala, y como parte de un aspecto tradicional que las actitudes de lealtad , Atmadvhmkary tensiones dentro del grupo familiar.Screened theoretical framework of structural explanations (modernization theory, the second demographic transition) and explain the idea and values (idealism theory development, transformation of values Inglehart) is. Statistical community survey methodology, including men and women living in three cities experienced family.Data were collected using questionnaire and using the software spss and Amos and measure the correlation and impact that the high rate of family-oriented in three cities And six hypothesis of the study results show that one in six social capital variables and religion, lifestyle, social belonging and social identity, modernity and have a relationship with the family-oriented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
381 - Sociological study of the consumerist approach to the body in Iranian society (Case study: Students of Payame Noor University of Tehran)
leila fathi Mohamad RahimiThe various social, cultural and political changes that have taken place in the world, such as demographic changes, feminist movements, consumerism, and the movement towards modernity, have transformed the body into a major issue in social studies. The purpose of the pr MoreThe various social, cultural and political changes that have taken place in the world, such as demographic changes, feminist movements, consumerism, and the movement towards modernity, have transformed the body into a major issue in social studies. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the causes of consumerism in the Iranian society among female students of Payame Noor University of Tehran, Tehran. In this paper, 415 people were selected using the Cochran formula. The sampling method in this study is a proportional sampling method. In this study, feminist theories, Veblen, Gauffman, and Giddens have helped researchers in their ideas and theoretical sensitivity. The findings of the study showed that the individual factors (2.63) and social conditions (2.47) are effective in performing cosmetic surgeries by individuals in Iran. According to findings, family agent (21.3%) of the causes Surgery is not beauty by people in IranTo determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire structures, convergent and diagnostic validity was used in the form of confirmatory factor analysis. Also, for reliability testing of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. Since the calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each section of the questionnaire and also for the total data (0.82) is more than acceptable (α = 0.7), the reliability of the measurement instrument is confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - Sociological study of the relationship between the Modern Social Life World and Re-thinking of Political Identity in Young Women and Girls (Case Study: Women and Girls between 19 and 49 in Karaj)
Seyedeh Maryam Hosseini mansour Haghighatian Esmaeil JahanbakhshThe expansion of the modern social life worlds and the impact of re-thinking identity on future social developments on the one hand, and the belief in the necessity of women's presence in the political arena, would expect that Iranian women,step into a new area of re-th MoreThe expansion of the modern social life worlds and the impact of re-thinking identity on future social developments on the one hand, and the belief in the necessity of women's presence in the political arena, would expect that Iranian women,step into a new area of re-thinking of their identity At the level of mental change and political beliefs and values. The present study uses the field method, scrolling technique, questionnaire's research tool and the use of SPSS and Amos software to investigate the impact of the modern social life world on the rethinking political identity in young women and girls as the main objective. The statistical population of the study consisted of girls and women aged 19-49 years old in Karaj, which were randomly selected from 400 people based on Cochran formula and cluster classification method.The results of the correlation test confirmed the research hypotheses, and the coefficient (R^2) showed that the variables of the modern biological world and the structural position have been able to explain 60 percent of the changing variations of political identity rethink. The general and partial test of the theoretical model was also confirmed by modeling the structural equations of the theoretical basis of the research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - Analysis of the Influence of Islamic Azad University Jahrom Arranged between Students in the Development of Idea modern
علی شکور علی شمس الدینی سهیلا شهیمSince that promote the culture and values of transcendental essential component of a modern - building in the country is to achieve comprehensive development so the role of universities in promoting these values is very important. The recognition of different social cla MoreSince that promote the culture and values of transcendental essential component of a modern - building in the country is to achieve comprehensive development so the role of universities in promoting these values is very important. The recognition of different social classes who entered the University of and is the role of affect on students and graduates from basic prerequisite for the development of human resources among communities. This study relied on descriptive analytical and extensive operations and field survey effort in the development of Islamic Azad University jahrom branch, arranged between students and measured values into modern. All undergraduate students studying in the population will consist that they have selected a sample of 120 people. Results showed positive effects with a significant level of 0/05 in the university education, the tendency toward value-oriented reasoning, individualism, egalitarianism, and advancement of the tendency among students to be. Well educated in modern values such as humanism and charm of a small effect on the promotion of the students did not have deter. So the ideals and values of the society and the family confirmed that most can be due to the institutionalization of these principles in the minds of most of the other students that only by setting the value of university are promoted, accepted and accepting students are located. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - Changes in the economic structure of the Bazaar and factors affecting it (Case study of Tabriz Bazaar)
داوود پرچمی عاطفه محمدیTabriz Bazaar is the economic hub of the North West and has long had a role in production and distribution. This paper attempts to survey the influence of modernism and its elements on changes in the economic structure of Tabriz Bazaar. The meaning of economic structure MoreTabriz Bazaar is the economic hub of the North West and has long had a role in production and distribution. This paper attempts to survey the influence of modernism and its elements on changes in the economic structure of Tabriz Bazaar. The meaning of economic structure of Bazaar is its activities and functions such as production, distribution, trading, wholesale trade and retail. Structural – functional approach was used to investigate the changes in the Bazaar. Qualitative method is used in this article. Data were collected using semi- structured interviews and the resulting data were analyzed by using the content analysis method. The important economic changes of Tabriz Bazaar include, the reduce of production and distribution, commerce reduction and failure of some traders. The consequence of these changes is to reduce the economic power of Tabriz Bazaar. Causes of recent changes are modernization including technology, media and transport means. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - The role of modern information tools in Qajar era in Tabriz
mosa majidy elnaz SardariniaIn this study we try to show a part of initiative and creative power in the field of information in Tabriz during the contemporary history of Iran; that is an example to being pioneer and history making of Tabrizians in the field of thought, knowledge and culture. The e MoreIn this study we try to show a part of initiative and creative power in the field of information in Tabriz during the contemporary history of Iran; that is an example to being pioneer and history making of Tabrizians in the field of thought, knowledge and culture. The extent of these creations and innovations is very spread and consists of literature and art, education, science and technology, anticolonization and antidespotic movements but in this article we try to have a summary view at the transitions and transformations in the fields of information, literature, education and their effects on the changes of society. In addition to establishment of print industry of Iran in Tabriz, foreign books have been translated into Farsi for the first time in this city, so this city is the pioneer of translation, modern composition or simple writing have been tought by Talebov, one of the son worthy of this city. We owe authority of the first encyclopedia in the Islamic world, writing the first novel, children literature, national journalism to pioneer and powerful humans raised from Tabriz. Several facts have caused to appear these changes, like increasing foreign relationships and traveling to European and neighbor countries. And also, meeting new industries and technologies, translation of published works in this fields, elite and pioneer people’s birth in Iranian society are the presence of sending students to European countries. To be in the way of Silk Road, being neighbor with Ottoman, Russia and European countries, traveling foreign merchants and politicians, and also living Crown Prince in this city have made Tabriz to one of the most important Iranian cities in contemporary history of Iran. And we can say that in this period of history especially in recent two centuries, this proud city is not only a usual city, but also a museum of epics. And, it is pioneer in several political, social, artistical, literary and scientific fields, and finally the entrance of modern information tools in the city led to awaken the Iranians and to Constitution Movement (Mashroote). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - Analysis of the thought of essentialist intellectuals against Pahlavi II modernity (case study of Seyed Ahmed Fardid and Seyed Hossein Nasr)
khosro afzalian faeze amiri poua iraj etisam mohsen tabasiThe contemporary history of Iran, especially Pahlavi II, is full of political and social developments resulting from the intellectual currents and activity of intellectuals. Enlightenment is a product of the modern world. Therefore, it is possible to put forward the sta MoreThe contemporary history of Iran, especially Pahlavi II, is full of political and social developments resulting from the intellectual currents and activity of intellectuals. Enlightenment is a product of the modern world. Therefore, it is possible to put forward the standard of typology of intellectuals based on modernity. The most important service of an intellectual to society is through his intellectual products. Therefore, knowing the thought of an intellectual is one of the necessities. Essentialist enlightened thinkers against modernity, who philosophically negate the entirety of modernity and envision another future, and point out any attempt to patch modernity with Eastern religions or culture as futile, put forward a type of discussion. Examining and analyzing the discourse of essentialist intellectuals against modernity is the subject of this research. And in this regard, the essentialist concepts against the modernity of Pahlavi II are examined by examining the thoughts of Fardid and Nasr. In the upcoming research, according to the interaction of the essentialist type against modernity with the thought of the mentioned intellectuals, the research method is logical reasoning. The indicators of the species mentioned in the thought of Ahmed Fardid and Nasr are the West, technology and the interaction of modernity with the West. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - Globalization and its Impact on Modern Identity of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Jalil Fakhar Mohammadreza Dehshiri Massoud Motallebi Mohammad Kamalizadeh -
Open Access Article
388 - The Middle East and the Legitimate Government based on James Rosena's Theory of Chaos with an Emphasis on Iran
Reza Fazlali HosseinAli Nowzari Reza ShirzadiMan was created with problems and he overcame them with the cooperation of humans. The complexity of the problems caused people to establish social institutions such as government. But not only did it not solve the crises, but also added to their complexity. In this art MoreMan was created with problems and he overcame them with the cooperation of humans. The complexity of the problems caused people to establish social institutions such as government. But not only did it not solve the crises, but also added to their complexity. In this article, we tried to show with the help of the "chaos" model of "James Rosena" that the crises in the age of communication and globalization, which have disturbed the world order; It is the same as order, and it is the result of a series of actions with the variables of tyranny, monopoly, corruption, lack of efficient institutions, rent, weak and dependent governments, which is the reaction of chaos. Nations elect government leaders with collective participation to establish stability, prosperity, comfort, justice, security, distribution of resources, transparency, progress, democracy and stable human dignity; Otherwise, cooperation, participation, trust, legitimacy, initiative and creativity will decrease and cost, multipolarity and corruption will increase in the society. Can leaders earn trust? In a word, yes! With the hypothesis that bilateral cooperation and legitimacy should increase. The solution in honesty is to keep promises and be accountable; So that social trust and the relationship between the government and the nation return to the society. Citizens' trust in government and institutions is dynamic, changeable and cause and effect. The governments of the Middle East, such as Iran, are regulated in the framework of command and obedience, and demand and demand have no place in it. Therefore, the formation of a modern government is in an aura of uncertainty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - The Effect of Modernism on Spatial-physical Development of Iranian-Islamic Cities such as Tehran
Amin Faraji Mollaie Asadolah Rashedi -
Open Access Article
390 - An Ideal Society from teh Perspective of teh Frankfurt School
حامد مهرعلی گارینه کشیشیان سیرکی -
Open Access Article
391 - Religion and Politics in Ayatollah Taleghani’s Modernist Thought
Seyed Mohammad Ebrahimi Hosseini Ali Asghar Davoodi Saeed GazraniTwo religious modernism movements were formed in Iran since the Persian Constitutional Revolution. Centering on “Tawhid” (oneness) and “reason” and referring to the Quran, one movement focused on religious reform through confronting different for MoreTwo religious modernism movements were formed in Iran since the Persian Constitutional Revolution. Centering on “Tawhid” (oneness) and “reason” and referring to the Quran, one movement focused on religious reform through confronting different forms of polytheism and stamping out superstitions attributed to Islam and Sharia. On the other hand, another movement was formed that came to be known as religious intellectualism and reform. It stepped in a tangible and realistic path, which the society and the young generation needed, and distanced itself from abstract, philosophical, and “Kalami” notions cut off from concrete actual challenges. Ayatollah Taleghani and Mehdi Bazargan were the prominent pioneering figures in this school of thought. Taleghani was a follower of Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Naini and put forward a new form of Quranic studies in his modernist religious thought. Moreover, he suggested new models for the common and accepted religious and political notions, among which “shura” [consultation] was the most important with its highlighted position in the political and governance system. This descriptive-analytical study aimed to examine the relation between religion and politics in Taleghani’s thought through library research. The results indicated that in his view, religion possesses components that should be studied through a new perspective and used to challenge politics, particularly governance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - Conceptual Expansion of the Public Sphere from Literary and Political to Scientific
Mahmoud Mozafari Morteza Bahrani Nassereddinali Taghavian -
Open Access Article
393 - The Changing Concept of Power in International Relations and Challenges of Iran’s Cyber Strategies
Mohammad Reza Saremi Alireza Rezaei Ghasem Torabi -
Open Access Article
394 - The Place of Tradition and Modernity in the Works and Thought of Dariush Shayegan before the Islamic Revolution of Iran
Ehsan Ayoobi Fereshteh Sadat Etefagh Far Amir Dabiri Mehr Mohsen Asgari Jahaghi -
Open Access Article
395 - Examining the concept of modernity in the thought of Dariush Shayegan and Seyed Hossein Nasr
Ehsan Ayoobi Fereshteh Sadat Ettefagh Far Amir Dabiri MehrThe contrast between tradition and modernity has always been criticized throughout the history of political thought, and many thinkers have presented their views in this field in the Western and Islamic worlds. Meanwhile, the concept of modernity in the thought of Dariu MoreThe contrast between tradition and modernity has always been criticized throughout the history of political thought, and many thinkers have presented their views in this field in the Western and Islamic worlds. Meanwhile, the concept of modernity in the thought of Dariush Shayegan as a free thinker and Seyed Hossein Nasr as a traditional thinker and theorist is examined in this research. The theoretical framework of the research is a combination of Carl Gustav Jung's collective psychoanalysis and other hermeneutics theories. This research aims to answer the question, what is the approach of Dariush Shayegan and Seyed Hossein Nasr in facing modernity? The findings of the research also indicate that Dariush Shayegan as an Iranian thinker and intellectual underwent important changes during his intellectual life, and for this reason, his early views have very significant differences with his later opinions. On the other hand, Seyed Hossein Nasr, like Shayegan, is an ardent critic and opponent of modernity, and he believes that reforming religion leads to the deconstruction of religion and that there is no end except secularism and anti-religion. But his full-length defense of religious pluralism makes it difficult to make a final judgment about his thoughts. The method of descriptive analytical research and the method of collecting data is documentary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - Investigating the Effect of Modern Diplomacy on Foreign Policy based on Constructivist Theory
Yousef Fassihi Amir Soorizadeh Hamidreza Nazerian -
Open Access Article
397 - Key components of modern media and west Cyber space in debilitation or incertitude Islamic developmental system (second step of revolution)
Marzieh Poursalehi Navideh Ahmadreza MatinfarKey components of modern media and west Cyber space in debilitation or incertitude Islamic developmental system (second step of revolution) Abstract: Introduction:The aim of current research was review key components of modern media and west Cyber space in debilitation MoreKey components of modern media and west Cyber space in debilitation or incertitude Islamic developmental system (second step of revolution) Abstract: Introduction:The aim of current research was review key components of modern media and west Cyber space in debilitation or incertitude Islamic developmental system (second step of revolution). Method: the method of current research was descriptive and its data gathering was survey. Statistical universe was 400 person of clear sighted, experts and media administers. Statistical sample was 190 person based on Morgan table. Gained data via made scholar questionnaire was analysis with Kolmogorov Smirnov Test and Binominal Test with spss 26 through sophisticated experts. Conclusion: result showed repliers express that each one of main components of Cyber space inclusive culture building, networking, mainstreaming, information flow and administer and control were adequate in debilitation or incertitude Islamic developmental system generously. Key Words: second step of revolution, modern media, Cyber space,Islamic developmental system . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - پست مدرنیزم و ترجمه: بررسی ترجمه داستان های پست مدرنیزم
Fateme Abooee Nezamaddin Moeinzadeh پژوهش حاضر به تجزیه و تحلیل ترجمه متن داستانی پست مدرنیزم پرداخته است. به طور خاص، محقق سعی درمشخص کردن تکنیک های پست مدرنیزم داشته که توسط مترجم ایرانی استفاده شده است. علاوه بر این، ترجمه فارسی متن داستانی به منظور برجسته کردن میزان پست مدرنیسم بررسی More پژوهش حاضر به تجزیه و تحلیل ترجمه متن داستانی پست مدرنیزم پرداخته است. به طور خاص، محقق سعی درمشخص کردن تکنیک های پست مدرنیزم داشته که توسط مترجم ایرانی استفاده شده است. علاوه بر این، ترجمه فارسی متن داستانی به منظور برجسته کردن میزان پست مدرنیسم بررسی شده است و مشکلات اصلی ترجمه پست مدرنیسم توسط محقق ارزیابی شد. این پژوهش یک تحقیق کیفی متمرکز برهشت تکنیک پست مدرنیسم است که توسط شیبا (2017) ارائه شده اند. مجموعه ای که برای انجام این کار جمع آوری شده بود متشکل از داستان "صید قزل آلا در آمریکا" اثر ریچارد براتیگان و ترجمه فارسی آن توسط یزدانجو بود. پس از تحلیل و تفسیر داده ها ، نتایج به طور کامل مورد بحث و تحقیق قرار گرفت. یافته ها نشان داد که همه فنون پست مدرنیسم توسط مترجم ایرانی به کار گرفته شده است. در میان همه ، "رئالیسم جادویی" بیش از سایر تکنیک ها به کار رفته است ، اما "درگیری خواننده" کمتر از سایر تکنیک ها در ترجمه استفاده شده است. نتایج این پژوهش همچنین بیانگر توانایی مترجم در برجسته سازی عبارات واهی و خیالی برای کمک به خواننده در درک چنین موارد تخیلی است. در مورد مشکلات اصلی ، مترجم مجبور بوده است که بسیاری از تفاوت های فرهنگی را که می تواند سوتفاهم های گسترده ای را در بین خوانندگان ایجاد نماید، حذف کند. همچنین ، در بیشتر موارد، او فقط جملات را به متن مقصد منتقل کرده و یافتن معنی دقیق جملات برای خواننده به فارسی بسیار سخت است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - پست مدرنیزم و ترجمه: بررسی ترجمه داستان های پست مدرنیزم
فاطمه ابویی معین زاده نظام الدینپژوهش حاضر به تجزیه و تحلیل ترجمه متن داستانی پست مدرنیزم پرداخته است. به طور خاص، محقق سعی درمشخص کردن تکنیک های پست مدرنیزم داشته که توسط مترجم ایرانی استفاده شده است. علاوه بر این، ترجمه فارسی متن داستانی به منظور برجسته کردن میزان پست مدرنیسم بررسی شده ا Moreپژوهش حاضر به تجزیه و تحلیل ترجمه متن داستانی پست مدرنیزم پرداخته است. به طور خاص، محقق سعی درمشخص کردن تکنیک های پست مدرنیزم داشته که توسط مترجم ایرانی استفاده شده است. علاوه بر این، ترجمه فارسی متن داستانی به منظور برجسته کردن میزان پست مدرنیسم بررسی شده است و مشکلات اصلی ترجمه پست مدرنیسم توسط محقق ارزیابی شد. این پژوهش یک تحقیق کیفی متمرکز برهشت تکنیک پست مدرنیسم است که توسط شیبا (2017) ارائه شده اند. مجموعه ای که برای انجام این کار جمع آوری شده بود متشکل از داستان "صید قزل آلا در آمریکا" اثر ریچارد براتیگان و ترجمه فارسی آن توسط یزدانجو بود. پس از تحلیل و تفسیر داده ها ، نتایج به طور کامل مورد بحث و تحقیق قرار گرفت. یافته ها نشان داد که همه فنون پست مدرنیسم توسط مترجم ایرانی به کار گرفته شده است. در میان همه ، "رئالیسم جادویی" بیش از سایر تکنیک ها به کار رفته است ، اما "درگیری خواننده" کمتر از سایر تکنیک ها در ترجمه استفاده شده است. نتایج این پژوهش همچنین بیانگر توانایی مترجم در برجسته سازی عبارات واهی و خیالی برای کمک به خواننده در درک چنین موارد تخیلی است. در مورد مشکلات اصلی ، مترجم مجبور بوده است که بسیاری از تفاوت های فرهنگی را که می تواند سوتفاهم های گسترده ای را در بین خوانندگان ایجاد نماید، حذف کند. همچنین ، در بیشتر موارد، او فقط جملات را به متن مقصد منتقل کرده و یافتن معنی دقیق جملات برای خواننده به فارسی بسیار سخت است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - شوخی بی پایان اثر دیوید فاستر والاس: کسب هویت مشترک پست مدرن از طریق ارتباطات مجازی
Abdolreza Goudarzi Morteza Lakمقاله حاضر به دنبال بررسی رمان شوخی بی پایان اثر دیوید فاستر والاس (1962-2008) بوده و بر این باور است که در آن می توان ویژگی های اصلی پسا پست مدرنیسم را یافت. پس از آن، سوال از اصالت و ماهیت هویت انسان یکی دیگر از مسائلی است که این مقاله در عصر برنامه ها و محصولات مجازی Moreمقاله حاضر به دنبال بررسی رمان شوخی بی پایان اثر دیوید فاستر والاس (1962-2008) بوده و بر این باور است که در آن می توان ویژگی های اصلی پسا پست مدرنیسم را یافت. پس از آن، سوال از اصالت و ماهیت هویت انسان یکی دیگر از مسائلی است که این مقاله در عصر برنامه ها و محصولات مجازی مانند واتس اپ، تلگرام و وایبر ، علاوه بر شبکه های اجتماعی مانند فیس بوک ، توییتر و یوتیوب مطرح می شود. در واقع، به فردیت انسان بها داده شده و به وی فرصتی داده می شود تا تفکرات خود را بیان کند. با فراهم شدن این موقعیت در شبکه های اجتماعی نوعی به اشتراک گذاری در میان افراد منزوی و جدا از هم به وجود می‌آید. به عبارت دیگر، پسا پست مدرنیسم واکنشی به حس از هم پاشیدگی پست مدرنیسم است ولی به معنای بازگشت به تمامیت خواهی مدرنیسم هم نیست. هر فرد منزوی می‌تواند به یک انسان فعال، خالق ارتباط و مولد تبدیل شود که توانایی خلق معنا و برگرداندن هویت را داشته و صرفاً یک بیننده و خواننده مطلق نباشد. از اینرو، هدف از مطالعه ی حاضر کاوش در رمان شوخی بی‌پایان نوشته ی والاس از نقطه نظر فلاسفه و منتقدینی همچون کربای، والاس و تیمر به منظور روشن ساختن مفاهیم یاد شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - The Rise of Modern Persian Literature through Translation in Iran
Zahra Abdolahzadeh Hossein Sabouri -
Open Access Article
402 - Linguistic Analysis of the Main Traits of Stream of Consciousness in the Persian Translations of Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway and James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
Sadaf Salehi Sholeh Kolahi -
Open Access Article
403 - Immortality in Myths Used by Shamlou
Nāser Nāseri Tāzehshahri La’yā YosefiMost prominent poets and authors use a variety of myths to immortalize their works; they compare their heroes with heroes of myths and therefore create a bridge between the present and the past and immortalize their heroes. Among the Iranian contemporary poets, Shamlou, MoreMost prominent poets and authors use a variety of myths to immortalize their works; they compare their heroes with heroes of myths and therefore create a bridge between the present and the past and immortalize their heroes. Among the Iranian contemporary poets, Shamlou, has turned to myth because of his spirit of the struggle. He has used a variety of Iranian and global myths and thus has become a famous mythologist poet. He has utilized not only the heroic characters but also myths of animal and plant, and natural and ritual elements to express his ideals. Immortality is the trait of all myths, but the characteristic feature of Shamlou's myths is re-birth and anew life. According to his mythological view, the carnal death of hero leads to immortality. Shamlou believes that after his own carnal death, his sayings and poems lead to re-birth of "the myth of Shamlou". Therefore, he uses myths to immortalize and live up to his heroes. The poet proposes those myths that can be found the concepts of "motivation to grow" and "re-born" in them; he believes that deaths of these myths are the symbol of their life. The present article attempts to analyze these kinds of myths in the poems of Shamlou. Manuscript profile -
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404 - The Essential Structures of Myth in the Ages of Tradition and Modernity; A Comparative Study Based on the Views of Twentieth Century Mythologists
Mahsa Mokhtari Nima Valibeig Marjan KhanmohammadiModernity has influenced the mythological attitude through scientific thinking and rationalism. Based on the views of prominent mythologists of the twentieth century and by using library sources and comparative method, in the present research, the impact of modernity on MoreModernity has influenced the mythological attitude through scientific thinking and rationalism. Based on the views of prominent mythologists of the twentieth century and by using library sources and comparative method, in the present research, the impact of modernity on the structural-cognitive concepts of myth is analyzed. In order to understand the effects of modernity, the religious, historical, artistic, literary, temporal and spatial, philosophical and scientific aspects of myths in the period before the emergence of modernity and after its emergence have been compared. Also, differences and similarities in the structural-cognitive concepts of myths before and after the advent of modernity have been analyzed. The findings show that at the beginning of modernity, changes in attitudes in the structural concepts of myth, such as temporal, spatial, scientific and philosophical concepts have diminished the role of myths. However, after the decline of modernity, the scientific attitude with its expansion was able to include the mythological attitude. Manuscript profile -
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405 - Reexamining Significant Myths in Maad Jabouri 's Poetry
Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi Ali Akbar ReisiThe employment of myth and traditional heritage is a significant aspect of modern Arabic poetry. Contemporary poets utilize myth to convey their intended ideas indirectly and by deviating from conventional language norms, enabling them to express their contemporary ex MoreThe employment of myth and traditional heritage is a significant aspect of modern Arabic poetry. Contemporary poets utilize myth to convey their intended ideas indirectly and by deviating from conventional language norms, enabling them to express their contemporary experiences. Maad Jabouri, a contemporary Iraqi poet, has also been influenced by mythological heritage to enhance his poetry and articulate his thoughts, representing the aspirations and concerns of the people of Iraq and the Arab world. The poet recognizes the delicate atmosphere of the era and endeavors to inform the Muslim nations so they can address these concerns. The authors of the present study, employing an analytical-descriptive method with the intention of expressing the poet's concerns in the political and social realms, aim to identify the most crucial semantic implications of myth in Maad Jabouri's poetry. The study's findings suggest that Jabouri, inspired by the mythological legacy, has employed diverse non-conventional myths to create meaning and accentuate the text. These myths illustrate the poet's desires, passions, and concerns in various ways. In Jabouri's poetry, all mythological characters embody political and social concerns and lament a shared suffering. Additionally, they yearn for Iraq's independence and political freedom, as well as the establishment of social justice within the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
406 - Le Clézio and The Myth of "Noble Savage"
الهام سجادی The myth of "Noble Savage" was shaped with the discovery and conquest of America. Although the phrase first appeared in the sixteenth century, it became identified with the idealized picture of "nature's gentleman". The term "Noble Savage" refers to the concept More The myth of "Noble Savage" was shaped with the discovery and conquest of America. Although the phrase first appeared in the sixteenth century, it became identified with the idealized picture of "nature's gentleman". The term "Noble Savage" refers to the concept of the natural man, unencumbered by either civilization or religion. After a lengthy sojourn with Indians in the rain forests of Panama, Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio (born 13 April 1940), French author and the 2008 Nobel Prize Laureate in Literature, portrayed the Indians and criticized modernity and mechanized Western civilization. The present article, by analyzing the origin of the myth of "Noble Savage", studies the works of Le Clézio. Manuscript profile -
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407 - Explaining state crime in the context of postmodern criminology; From criminal normalization to government norm-breaking
sirous imani mehrdad rayrjiyan asli qasem mohamadiThe concealment and justification of harmful actions and decisions of governments and statesmen in the shadow of their power on the one hand and the neglect of the modern criminal justice system and criminology to properly explain and recognize it as a crime on the othe MoreThe concealment and justification of harmful actions and decisions of governments and statesmen in the shadow of their power on the one hand and the neglect of the modern criminal justice system and criminology to properly explain and recognize it as a crime on the other hand, is an issue that can not be Ignored in the field of criminology and criminal law. Based on the studies and findings of the article, it is impossible to explain and analyze government crime through current and modern criminological theories and approaches, but to show and explain the relationship between crime equation and normative power and then how to hide governments and denial. It is not possible for them to become super-criminals except through a critical attitude and beyond the dominance of current criminology and the foundation government. Therefore, the present article, based on critical theory and postmodern approach - as one of the contemporary critical approaches - to explain and analyze state crime in the field of criminology and criminal law and identify it as a crime and severe harm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - Investigating the axes of innovation in the poetry of Abolghasem Lahouti in the constitutional era
nader moslemi Parvin Salajegheh mohamad homayonsepehrContemporary Iranian literature, especially poetry, takes on a different color from the constitutional period onwards, and innovation in the presentation of contemporary poetry is the most important literary achievement of this period, which is the first step on the way MoreContemporary Iranian literature, especially poetry, takes on a different color from the constitutional period onwards, and innovation in the presentation of contemporary poetry is the most important literary achievement of this period, which is the first step on the way to modernity and standing against tradition. It is considered the predecessor of Persian literature. This feature can be examined in the fields of language, form, shape and structure, imagination and thought, and content. This research, with a descriptive-analytical method, examines the axes of innovation in the poetry of Abulqasem Lahouti in the constitutional era, who is one of the pioneers of modernity in this period.The findings of this research indicate that by using new and foreign words in Persian poetry, theology increases the range of Persian words and causes the expansion of Iranian vocabulary; In his translations of some poems of Russian poets, he uses a type of literary prose (prose poetry); By increasing and decreasing the stanzas in the four-part format, he opens a way for the emergence of a new poem, and with the changes he creates in the prosody weight, he writes poems in syllabic weight, and in this way, a new design is created. Standing against previous literary traditions, it takes the path of modernity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
409 - Modern literary style of Mohammad -Ibn- Movaylehy in Hadith -e- Isa-Ibn-e- Hisham
katayoun fallahi zahra mohajer noeeMohammad -Ibn- Movaylehy (1323 AH = 1906 AD) is a talented writer of nineteenth century. He was a reform writer that create a masterb piece named Hadith -e- Isa-Ibn-e- Hisham.This work is real examples of Egyptian society in the nineteenth century that Movaylehy l MoreMohammad -Ibn- Movaylehy (1323 AH = 1906 AD) is a talented writer of nineteenth century. He was a reform writer that create a masterb piece named Hadith -e- Isa-Ibn-e- Hisham.This work is real examples of Egyptian society in the nineteenth century that Movaylehy like a sociologist with accurate knowledge of community drew a modern fictional style. The content of this story indicated Movaylehy liberal thought is realistic manner. Movaylehy’s style, in this book is using simple and new words. The results of the present article can be mentioned: Movaylehy with an understanding of social and political situation in Egypt in nineteenth century, Tried to use art fully story writing technique to comment thoughts and feelings. Though his writing story writing technique is not mature European story But tried the element of his history should be close to the European story. The presence of social satiricalanecdotes that show the class conflict in egyption society and Attention to the scientific content in accordance with current knowledge other points. Manuscript profile -
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410 - The methods of postmodernism in the novel Nocturnal Harmony of the Wood Orchestra based on Brian McHale, theory
Sahar Alikahi Latifeh Salamat Bavil Alireza SalehiPostmodernist theories are divided into two major groups. The first group includes the theories of people like Barry Lewis, Peter Whalen and David Lodge, who provide a list of stylistic components distinguishing postmodern writing (uncertainty, paranoia, temporal irregu MorePostmodernist theories are divided into two major groups. The first group includes the theories of people like Barry Lewis, Peter Whalen and David Lodge, who provide a list of stylistic components distinguishing postmodern writing (uncertainty, paranoia, temporal irregularity, etc.). In the second group, the most prominent theory has been proposed by Brian McHale, who uses the concept of "dominant element" in Russian formalism to explain postmodernism, and considers the characteristic of postmodernism to be ontology (as opposed to epistemology, which is the dominant element of modernism).In order to achieve this goal, first, tricks and components are extracted from the novel "Nocturnal Harmony of the Wood Orchestra" and analyzed in three parts: story elements, concept and form; Then, based on Brian McHale's prevailing theory, which considers the characteristic of postmodern stories to be ontological issues, it is determined to what extent these methods and components play a role in highlighting the ontological elements of the work. The result shows that this novel is a complex and difficult novel in which the author has made good use of the polyphonic technique, uncertainty, the two-dimensional presence of the narrator, the lack of coherence of the mind and the confusion of the characters, etc. has placed postmodern works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - Analyzing the anthropological roots of ecological criticism
mehdi khosravi Maryam Mahmoodi parisa davariFollowing the rise of modernism and the serious damages to nature as the habitat of humans and the danger of its destruction, researchers in the field of literature introduced ecological criticism as a new science. In this research, using anthropological theories, it is MoreFollowing the rise of modernism and the serious damages to nature as the habitat of humans and the danger of its destruction, researchers in the field of literature introduced ecological criticism as a new science. In this research, using anthropological theories, it is pointed out the explanation of the two great forces of fear and love in man, which shapes his positions in relation to life and death and determines his actions. Also, the difference in the approach towards nature in the days of matriarchy and patriarchy and the modern era has been investigated. In this article, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical way, an attempt has been made to investigate the root of damage to nature, which has caused the formation of ecological criticism. Components such as fear of nature, animism of nature, the existence and presence of matrilineal system, and finally modernity, each of which has determined the why and how of relationship and behavior at a particular time, and of course the role and relations of power in this influence and impression are also significant. The research results show Animistic thinking and maternal way of life lead to human efforts to criticize natureWith the decline of matriarchy, nature and women are equally degraded. The process of devaluing nature leads to abuse and destruction of the earth with the advent of modernism. Man, considers himself the measure and standard of morality and valuation and gives himself the right to benefit from all facilities and of course nature with It faces irreparable destruction Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
412 - Take a modern phenomenon in the poetry of Abdul baghi alomary
Zahra Mohajer noeiIn terms of quality and experience of modernity is modern or modern period, whichrepresents just in time asBreak with the past and into a future that is emerging and is associated with the idea of innovationAccordingly, in the poetry of life with modernity encounter two MoreIn terms of quality and experience of modernity is modern or modern period, whichrepresents just in time asBreak with the past and into a future that is emerging and is associated with the idea of innovationAccordingly, in the poetry of life with modernity encounter two types: (1) the content of modernity. 2. modernity in shapeSocial content and political themes of modernity in the Gyrd.mdrnyth in the form ofdeconstruction in the rhythm of prosody and the use of modern poetry formHis social management, and Islamic styles for expressing ideas and new fiction classic fantasy BullModern themes, such as: emotions nationalist, anti-oppression homeland manually and ideas with coherent style of life with concise style and lyrical subject matter in the lyrics became apparentIf political conditions in such a way that the poet was forced to abandon forms of classical liberal and modern forms used. Results of manufacturer article is: 1-modernity of the poet was fully conscious content. For a full understanding of the political and social - of his time. As a result Hnrmndanhdr life of poetry as a means to fulfill the mission of literature. 2-modernity of life was not in Shagahanh because it had been in his poems is small and only for self Golan thought and dream up new forms With air musical, initiating Manuscript profile -
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413 - Social Epistemology and Scientific objectivity
جلال پیکانی Meysam SadeghpourBeside to postmodern approaches, on the one hand, and the positivism, on the other hand, certain aspects of social epistemology is capable to both defending some type of objectivity in the realm of science and cause to dialogue between those two camp. After introducing MoreBeside to postmodern approaches, on the one hand, and the positivism, on the other hand, certain aspects of social epistemology is capable to both defending some type of objectivity in the realm of science and cause to dialogue between those two camp. After introducing social epistemology in brief, in this paper, we show problematic aspects of those approaches and then show what aspects of social epistemology could serve to defend some type of objectivity in the realm of science, especially, in the philosophical atmosphere of our country, this moderate approach could be fruitful. According to social epistemology, the agent neither is absolutely free from social and political obligations, neither is absolutely dependent on such obligations. In other word, based on truth conductivity, social epistemology holds a moderate approach to objectivity of science. This may serve as a means to create a new approach to objectivity. Social Epistemology; Alvin Goldman; Scientific objectivity; Postmodernism Manuscript profile -
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414 - Rereading of javadi Amoli’s theory on religious science in the light of Allameh Tabatabaei’s thought
Mohammad Reza Asadi Seyyed Saeid LawasaniAyatollah Javadi Amoli’s theory on the religious knowledge is one of the most significant theories articulated in recent decades. Whether we agree or disagree with the elements of this theory entirely, it is inevitable for the scholars to analyze and speculate its MoreAyatollah Javadi Amoli’s theory on the religious knowledge is one of the most significant theories articulated in recent decades. Whether we agree or disagree with the elements of this theory entirely, it is inevitable for the scholars to analyze and speculate its contexts. This theory illustrates the shortcomings of modern sciences, specifying the pillars of religious knowledge. This theory is based on three principles: science unavoidably is bounded by the philosophical presuppositions; the sciences are separated from each other by their subjects; and the intellect is one of the resources of religion and of the religious sciences. The important thing which has been mostly neglected is that although this theory is new and creative, but his theory and principles are rooted in Allameh Tabatabai’s intellectual school. This article attempts to explain this issue and to illustrate how Allameh Tabatabai has influenced Ayatollah Javadi Amoli. At this article, three principles of the theory will be explained while its critics are deferred to another article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - Feminism and Democracy in the Passage of History
Mohammad Towhidfam Lila EisavandAbstract During the twentieth century, many social movements that took shape was one of the women's movement and causes many changes in the status of women. Later, feminist women's movement and was named to the enormous changes that have been experienced three waves of MoreAbstract During the twentieth century, many social movements that took shape was one of the women's movement and causes many changes in the status of women. Later, feminist women's movement and was named to the enormous changes that have been experienced three waves of feminism have been called. The first wave of the women's movement began in 1850 and lasted until 1920. In this era of political freedom to women won the right to vote. The second wave women's movement began in 1920 and lasted until 1980, women in this period to some legal reforms were influenced by the trends were at the time and Marxist feminism, socialist and radical of those requirements. The third wave started from the 1980s and continues to this day’s Claim that the third waves of cultural structures have an impact on their communities. Feminism of the past to the dominant male-dominated, particularly in the funds has drawn criticism. Feminists claim that human knowledge has been able to open a new perspective. The struggle against the domination of men in political, social, cultural and economic mission of women in the three waves of feminism. Feminists believe that freedom and democracy ordained destiny of all human. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - Post-Zionism Discourse & Israel Future, Opportunities &Threats
Ehsan JannatiZionism is the product of a political interpretation of the Jewish religion in the nineteenth century, which could gradually and with the support of western countries make a unified discourse and focus Jews’ public opinion on Palestine territory, and with the esta MoreZionism is the product of a political interpretation of the Jewish religion in the nineteenth century, which could gradually and with the support of western countries make a unified discourse and focus Jews’ public opinion on Palestine territory, and with the establishment of a Jewish state in Middle East in addition to giving the promise of peace to the Jewish refugees in the specified land, proposed the para territorial idea of from Nile to Euphrates, but this fragmented society is faced with different challenges in political, sociological, population, strategic areas and intellectual, identity discourse issues, so that vast changes has happened in the dominating ideas underlying the foundation of a Jewish state. The changes in academic levels inside Israel, which has brought in new intellectual challenges to society and the governing board, by reviewing and revising the formation of Zionist discourse consideration and evaluation of the achievement of the aims and objectives. The process has many similarities with the flow of post modernism against modernism in west. Transition from this intellectual operational stalemate point is possible through alternative discourses and new resolutions which are in accordance with the internal and external realities of Israel and the region. Suppositions show public interest would be drawn to the new intellectual proposition which is more conforming with the reality & probability of arc-typical & station. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
417 - Feminism in Ups and Downs of Times Paradigm
Ahmad Naghibzadeh Mona SaeedloeiAbstract There have been tremendous changes in the fundamental basis of feminism since its first formation. In particular, the third wave of feminism has been based on the diversity of ideas and multiplicity of approaches toward feminism. Postmodern feminism is one of MoreAbstract There have been tremendous changes in the fundamental basis of feminism since its first formation. In particular, the third wave of feminism has been based on the diversity of ideas and multiplicity of approaches toward feminism. Postmodern feminism is one of the recent branches of feminism which inherits the same complications that are built in the definition of postmodernism. Investigating postmodern feminism, from the post-structuralism point of view which is a subset of postmodernism, is an interesting research topic as it helps to understand various changes to feminism over the time. In this dissertation, after an overview of communicating language in modern age and its relation with gender, the effect of language on discrimination against women, holding them back and under representing them is investigated. The different point of views of feminist scientists about language and its significance is also investigated. Finally, the difference between the post-structuralism feminism in two countries America and France is investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - Presenting the Postmodern Organizational Distinction Model on Consumer Self-Concept
samira gharib garkani Behrooz Ghasemi Soheil Sarmad SaidyNowadayes, consumers use consumption as a means of creating self-consept to express their identity in the social environment through the services they consume. For these consumers value cultural and symbolic are more important. The purpose of this study is to extract th MoreNowadayes, consumers use consumption as a means of creating self-consept to express their identity in the social environment through the services they consume. For these consumers value cultural and symbolic are more important. The purpose of this study is to extract the main indicators of differentiation in the banking industry in order to present the impact of marketing plans on consumers' self-concept as a model. the qualitative data were collected from interviews with experts and then, for validation of the model, the questionnaire field data was collected from clients of Mellat Bank Tehran branches. The method of data analysis in qualitative part is based on coding and on quantitative part is used some statistical software(SPSS, Lisrel and Smart PLS). The model test shows that the direct effect and power of the relationship between postmodern organization differentiation variables on customer self-concept was calculated 0.552 which is positive and significant. Therefore,with 95% confidence can be said that differentiating postmodern organizations has a significant impact on consumers' self-concept. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - Reviewing the methodology of the book Humanities Issues; Methodological challenge (Emphasizing the methodology and epistemology of the theory of modern Islamic civilization)
Kazem AzimiThe purpose of this article is to review the methodology of the book "Qadaya Uloom al-Ensaniyyah; Eshkaliyato Al-Manhaj" (Issues of Humanities; Challenge of Methodology) with emphasis on methodology and epistemology of the theory of modern Islamic civilization. This boo MoreThe purpose of this article is to review the methodology of the book "Qadaya Uloom al-Ensaniyyah; Eshkaliyato Al-Manhaj" (Issues of Humanities; Challenge of Methodology) with emphasis on methodology and epistemology of the theory of modern Islamic civilization. This book was published in 2014 under the supervision of Dr. Yousef Zidan and contains an introduction and eight articles about research methodology in some fields of humanities. The method of collecting and analyzing information in this article is an argument that after the general extraction of the content of the articles, the most important problems of the epistemology of the specific articles and the outstanding statement of the methodology of each article have been criticized with reference to the relevant sources. The main question: in terms of methodology and epistemology, what criticisms can be made on the content of the book with emphasis on the theory of modern Islamic civilization? Results: The results obtained in this article show that the design and development of the methodology of human sciences and the examination of its various aspects in the Islamic discourse is the introduction to the design and development of the theory of modern Islamic civilization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
420 - Analysis and Comparison of Load Flow Methods for Distribution Networks Considering Distributed Generation
M Sedghi M Aliakbar-Golkar -
Open Access Article
421 - The Model Policy- making Formulation for social security organization with a Postmodernism Approach (Mixed Research Method)
motahar ebrahimi Hosein Shariat Masoud pourkianiThe aim of the present research is to design the policy-making model in social security organization with post-modernism approach. The research is of the mixed, exploratory type. Therefore, the approach in this research is qualitative- quantitative (mixed). The statisti MoreThe aim of the present research is to design the policy-making model in social security organization with post-modernism approach. The research is of the mixed, exploratory type. Therefore, the approach in this research is qualitative- quantitative (mixed). The statistical universe of the first phase (qualitative) and the second phase (quantitative) of the research consisted of academic experts familiar to the literature of social welfare and policy making, and specialists in social security. In the first phase, 23 individuals were selected employing targeted sampling with snowball sampling technique while in the second phase, 30 individuals were selected employing targeted sampling with judge mental sampling technique. In the first phase, data was gathered through questionnaires, instructing essentials and in the form of semi-structured, while in the second phase, it was gathered through half-open questionnaires with 61 items. In the first phase, data was analyzed through lab ling obtained from theorization (data-based), employing Atlasti software. In the second phase, the model test, obtained from the first stage of research was used in the form of modeling structural equations, using PLS software and descriptive statistics, central indexes and the percentage of consensus on model. 93 percent of participants had consensus on the conceptual model of the present research, so that all dimensions of the data-based extracted model were explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
422 - Impact of Modernity Components on Social Identity in Youth (Case Study: Youth city ofAzadshahr).
shahrzad bazrafshanConsidering that our society is developing and transforming, as well as the issue of modernism and modernism, which as a phenomenon has an irrefutable effect on the social life of man, including the family and this important institution . Hence, in the process of orient MoreConsidering that our society is developing and transforming, as well as the issue of modernism and modernism, which as a phenomenon has an irrefutable effect on the social life of man, including the family and this important institution . Hence, in the process of orientation and expansion of modernity in society, some of the elements and traditional structures of the society undergo changes and changes, and the family institution as the most important social institution in society has not been able to in the modernization process in this age of this remarkable changes. The method of this study was to survey and collect information based on the questionnaire. The statistical population of the population was 18-29 years old in Free City of the city and a sample of 370 people was selected. The reliability of the Cronbach's alpha statistical tool and the reliability of the research were used for formal verification. Equation modeling was done using Lisrel software and software SPSS was used to analyze the data Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
423 - Qualitative study of the effect of modernization on youth role confusion
Morteza najimi Masome Esmaeili Ebrahim NaeimiAs a result of modernization process, our society has changed a lot; these changes effected the ways of defining personal identity. Identity is a very important subject which if realized, is a guarantee of personal and social health and otherwise it’s a great dang MoreAs a result of modernization process, our society has changed a lot; these changes effected the ways of defining personal identity. Identity is a very important subject which if realized, is a guarantee of personal and social health and otherwise it’s a great danger. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of modernization on young people role confusion. In this study qualitative approach and grounded-theory method were used to understand and interpret the effects of modernization on role confusion. The process of collecting data included 21 Semi-structured interviews with 20 to 30 years old people. Purposive sampling continued until data saturation. Data analysis was carried out simultaneously with data collection in the way qualitative content analysis. Findings of this study shows that 3 major categories due modernization, effects role confusion. These categories included wide range of choice, relationship restructuring, and inevitable consequences of industrial life. Obviously, using the findings of this research and paying attention to them in micro and macro policies such as economic, cultural, social, and educational policies, can establish the expectation of improvement in the process of youth identification and getting rid of the role confusion they’re experiencing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
424 - Sociological Explanation of Factors Affecting Body Management (Case Study: Men between 18 and 45 years old in Tehran)
Ali Nouri alireza mohsenitabriziThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of social factors on the body management among men 18 to 45 in Tehran. in conditions in which an original source of getting up of relation and semantic specification of every thing comes down to MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of social factors on the body management among men 18 to 45 in Tehran. in conditions in which an original source of getting up of relation and semantic specification of every thing comes down to appearances. body as a tool of expressing identity becomes more crucial. Theories of Goffman, Giddens, Elias, Bourdieu and Bandura formed the theoretical framework of this research. Statistical population was the members of body building gyms in Tehran and the size of random sample was 384 (Cochran’ formula was used). Survey method was used for explaining the impact of social factors on the body management. Necessary informations were collected through questionnare and its reliability was tested by Cronbach's alpha statistic. Statistical tests which are applied in this research is correlation. Correlation test between two variables of cultural capital and body management expressed that this relation is viceversa. Although, different ideas which have been considered in researeh and there is a direct relation between body management & cultural capital in other findings but it should be noticed conversely people who have less knowledge & socio-economic status use improper ways for changing of their appearance. Correlation between body management and learning behavior of others showed that the direct relationship between two variables. showing the socioeconomic status and displaying the appearance of others) in relation to body management, showed a direct and meaningful relationship between these variables and the dependent variable of body management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
425 - Social Changes of Distinction and Costs of Body Management with Grounded Theory Approach (Case study; Gorgan women)
mahbobeh ilvari Afsaneh EdrisiThe purpose of this study is finding out the women’s motivation of accepting high costs of body management, the study is done with the qualitative approach and grounded theory method. Data collection method was unstructured interview, which was done with 15 MoreThe purpose of this study is finding out the women’s motivation of accepting high costs of body management, the study is done with the qualitative approach and grounded theory method. Data collection method was unstructured interview, which was done with 15 women in Gorgan who had experience of body management. To choose the interviewees, the targeted sampling method was used, which requires sequential sampling called snowball. The results showed that the acceptance of body management costs is caused by family support, the compelling power on the family and rejection of the status of an adult woman. The effective factors on the acceptance of the body management costs are feeling humiliated, advertisement, following media, doctors’ role and social comparison. Having access to personal financial resources, lower position of women in the society and a way of compensating other weaknesses are of effective factors on the acceptance of body management costs which will lead to searching to find surgeons and barbers, spending time to find body management centers and getting the other people to confirm. The results of such actions and reaction is being distinct, gaining personal identity, seeking superiority, vertical mobility of social classes and the promotion of self- confidence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
426 - The sociological analysis of people interpretation from Family life changes (case study: Marivan city)
Ako kohnapooshi Alireza kaldi Seyed Mohammad SeyedmirzaieDuring the recent decades, Iranian family’s life, under the effect of various factors, has differentiated it form past species. The purpose of this study is to investigate the deep perception of life experience about present characteristics and features of family. MoreDuring the recent decades, Iranian family’s life, under the effect of various factors, has differentiated it form past species. The purpose of this study is to investigate the deep perception of life experience about present characteristics and features of family. The procedure in the present study is a kind of social interpretivism. And this study is a qualitative research too. The data are based on Ethnography techniques (open and, unstructured interviews), and they are collected among Marivan inhabitants based on basis of purposive and theoretical sampling and finally they have been analyzed on the basis of Grounded Theory and the results have been presented in terms of paradigmatic pattern. The main purpose of this research is to investigate people perception and interpretation of qualities and characteristics of present family from the participants point of view. The findings include 24 themes, 5 detailed categories (modern factor entrance acceptance, individualism desires, value change and social – economical promotion), two main categories are (modernization phenomenon and renovated family). The core category is “family in transition”. The results of the study show that various characteristics and qualities in appearing in the present life of marivan’s society. Furthermore, based on the perception and changes of people of this society, the family, has gained various and especially separate characteristics under the effect of divergent forces, including modernization factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - A Sociological study of the effects of changes in modern urban spaces on women's identity reflexivity
Asieh Agaii Hoseinabadi Mansour Hagigatian Seyyed Naser HejaziThe current research was designed with the aim to investigate the effect of modern urban spaces on the reflection on women's identity. The main idea of research was extracted from Giddens's theory indicating that the use of new spaces affects different groups of society MoreThe current research was designed with the aim to investigate the effect of modern urban spaces on the reflection on women's identity. The main idea of research was extracted from Giddens's theory indicating that the use of new spaces affects different groups of society. As women's gardens have been recently established in some cities of Iran, especially Isfahan, these spaces seem to affect the women's reflection and new identity. In this research, 330 cases of women of Isfahan, who referred to gardens of this city in a 120-day period, were selected as the statistical sample of the statistical population of Isfahan city using multi-stage random sampling method. Of the gardens located in different neighborhoods, 6 gardens were selected, and the respondents were then selected out of these gardens. Findings of the research showed that urban modern spaces have significant effects on changing the point of view and identity reflection of women. However, due to the recent establishment of gardens, these changes have occurred in the theoretical area and there is still a long way ahead before practical changes induced by modern spaces occur. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - Explaining Employed Women`s Quality of Life in Rasht City Based on the Changes and Consequences of Modern Lifestyle
Ashraf Al-Sadat PeironaziriThe present article was done to investigate the effect of Changes of modern lifestyle consequences on women`s quality of life. The method of this research was survey analytic correlation and the statistical society was all employed women over the age of 30 who were at l MoreThe present article was done to investigate the effect of Changes of modern lifestyle consequences on women`s quality of life. The method of this research was survey analytic correlation and the statistical society was all employed women over the age of 30 who were at least in B.A/B.S educational level; among them 384 women were selected in random classified method through Coockran formula. The instrument of present study was researcher`s self-made questionnaire. The validity of research was content validity and the reliability was estimated through Cronbach`s alpha technique which was approved for all variables. Research`s hypothesis were analyzed by SPSS software and the obtained results of multiple regression test revealed; due to the changes; personal, family and social consequences can determine the quality of life of employed women in Rasht city. Personal consequences had the main effect (25%) and family consequences in second place and social consequences had the least effect. Overall, personal, family and social consequences can predict 30% of employed women`s quality of life in Rasht city. In sum, women`s quality of life in subjective and objective dimensions would be based on their utilization of modern life style in individual- family and social dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - study of student discourse and value system governing high school girl students and their mothers in Bokan city in the academic year of 97-96).
ANVAR KARIMIAN nourouz hashemzehi Majid KashaniIn this study, the value system governing female high school students and their mothers in Buchan County has been assessed and compared. The main research method was survey and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. Two samples of 180 students and 180 of their mo MoreIn this study, the value system governing female high school students and their mothers in Buchan County has been assessed and compared. The main research method was survey and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. Two samples of 180 students and 180 of their mothers were selected by multi-stage systematic random sampling. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results show that there is no difference between the two groups of female students and their mothers in material and extra-material values, values related to education and science and family. However, there is a significant difference between the two groups in the values of collectivism, individualism, religion and tradition. That is, the tendency towards individualism and escape from religious and traditional values is stronger among schoolgirls. While there is interaction and sharing between female students and their mothers in the area of modern values, the results in the area of traditional values show a rift. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - post-development and critique of modernization discourse(study of Basht city case)
Bahador Askari Maysam Musai akbar talebpourThe purpose of this article is to investigate how to understand and analyze the main themes of the problem of underdevelopment of the city of Basht by descriptive phenomenology . Principles of Methodology and analysis in this article is rooted in the philosophy of MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate how to understand and analyze the main themes of the problem of underdevelopment of the city of Basht by descriptive phenomenology . Principles of Methodology and analysis in this article is rooted in the philosophy of phenomenology. This paper uses descriptive phenomenological thematic analysis and provides a useful description of how the analysis works. The foundations of epistemology and ontology have been identified and the discourse of modernization has been criticized. modernization has emerged in the form of abnormalities, alienation, and homelessness of the mind in the realm of actors' consciousness.With a critique of the economic logic of growth and development and the formation of endogenous and cultural development approaches, we see the dominance of cultural and non-economic discourses. Local and ecological narratives play a key role and people are willing to participate in the development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - Studying the lived experience of marginalization in the metropolis of Tehran from the perspective of the gap between tradition and modernity
raziyeh amiriraz mohammadrahim eivazi mostafa abtahi Ebrahim BarzegarMarginalization in the world, especially in the developing regions, has an inseparable connection with modern urbanization and in its process, it has led to the formation of various social gaps. The aim of this research is to investigate marginalization from the perspec MoreMarginalization in the world, especially in the developing regions, has an inseparable connection with modern urbanization and in its process, it has led to the formation of various social gaps. The aim of this research is to investigate marginalization from the perspective of the gap between tradition and modernity in the vicinity of Tehran metropolis, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical way and with two methods of library and secondary study through big data. The basis of the big data was survey studies in two marginal areas of southeast Tehran (Khatunabad and Hesar Amir), which were taken into account by interpreting the general lifestyle common in the region, the manifestations of the intersection of tradition and modernity. Based on the findings of the research, the fields of marginalization in Tehran were provided by the dismantling of the Naseri fences in the first Pahlavi period, and with the growth of modern urbanization, industrial technologies, etc., in the following decades, a flood of immigrants poured into the vicinity of this city. With the perceptual-cognitive changes among the new residents, a new arrangement of gaps centered on tradition and modernity was formed in the metropolis of Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - Sociological study of contemporaray feminist theories with a critical approach
Morteza FarajianThe current research examines contemporary feminist theories with a critical approach. In this research, critical scientific research method was used and archival method was used to collect data. Feminist theories include a wide range of theories, such as: women-centere MoreThe current research examines contemporary feminist theories with a critical approach. In this research, critical scientific research method was used and archival method was used to collect data. Feminist theories include a wide range of theories, such as: women-centered theory, theories of difference (cultural feminism, Simone de Beauvoir theory), sociological theories of gender difference (institutional theory and interactionist theory), theories of gender inequality (liberal feminism), theories of oppression (psychoanalytic feminism, feminism radical), theories of structural oppression (socialist feminism, interference theory) and postmodern theories of feminism. Criticism of the research findings shows that feminist theories, due to being ahistorical, not considering different cultures, pessimism towards men, the same attitude towards all men, a purely materialistic attitude towards love, failure to respond to the mechanism of creating patriarchy, considering men as oppressors, Opposing the teachings of world religions and the same attitude to all religions, fanatical attack on heterosexuality, imposing homosexuality on women as a superior epistemology, promoting a new identity against the reversed identity, opposing individualism by claiming individualism, plurality and sexual freedom, and defining sexuality. For women, criticism of the institutional feminist theory, lack of attention to "unrealization", lack of attention to the difference in the body and finally the weakness of psychoanalytic feminism in examining the social arrangements of emotions are criticized. It can be stated that despite their practical and theoretical effects, feminist theories have many theoretical weaknesses that have been addressed in this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - Family in the path of social changes, qualitative study of extramarital relations Women with the GT approach (case study: women of Qazvin city)
zahra AghajanibeigiThe current research examines contemporary feminist theories with a critical approach. In this research, critical scientific research method was used and archival method was used to collect data. Feminist theories include a wide range of theories, such as: women-centere MoreThe current research examines contemporary feminist theories with a critical approach. In this research, critical scientific research method was used and archival method was used to collect data. Feminist theories include a wide range of theories, such as: women-centered theory, theories of difference (cultural feminism, Simone de Beauvoir theory), sociological theories of gender difference (institutional theory and interactionist theory), theories of gender inequality (liberal feminism), theories of oppression (psychoanalytic feminism, feminism radical), theories of structural oppression (socialist feminism, interference theory) and postmodern theories of feminism. Criticism of the research findings shows that feminist theories, due to being ahistorical, not considering different cultures, pessimism towards men, the same attitude towards all men, a purely materialistic attitude towards love, failure to respond to the mechanism of creating patriarchy, considering men as oppressors, Opposing the teachings of world religions and the same attitude to all religions, fanatical attack on heterosexuality, imposing homosexuality on women as a superior epistemology, promoting a new identity against the reversed identity, opposing individualism by claiming individualism, plurality and sexual freedom, and defining sexuality. For women, criticism of the institutional feminist theory, lack of attention to "unrealization", lack of attention to the difference in the body and finally the weakness of psychoanalytic feminism in examining the social arrangements of emotions are criticized. It can be stated that despite their practical and theoretical effects, feminist theories have many theoretical weaknesses that have been addressed in this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - Investigating the Cultural and Social Effects of the Transition from Tradition to Modernity on the Physical Structure of Historical Houses in Tabriz
leyla firouzfar Mir Saeed Moosavi nima valizadeh Asadollah ShafizadehThe house, as one of the most important types of buildings, has always been a platform for social and cultural changes, and an important part of society's developments can be seen in it. From the end of the Qajar period and the beginning of the Pahlavi period, the archi MoreThe house, as one of the most important types of buildings, has always been a platform for social and cultural changes, and an important part of society's developments can be seen in it. From the end of the Qajar period and the beginning of the Pahlavi period, the architecture of houses in most cities, including Tabriz, was affected by social and cultural developments. Considering that most of the historical houses in Tabriz belong to the late Qajar and Pahlavi period, which coincides with the transition from tradition to modernity in Iran. In this research, the effectiveness of this transition on the evolution of the structure of houses was investigated from the perspective of architects. For this purpose, a questionnaire to measure the degree of impact (transition from tradition to modernity) in three components of historical houses of Tabriz, including spatial relationships, interior decorations and the main facade, has been prepared in the form of a five-point Likert spectrum and is available to architectural experts who have sufficient of this period were placed. The results show that there is a relatively significant relationship with the index of interior decorations in the course of this process. In the index of spatial relationships, a significant change is evident in the buildings leading to the first side, and in the third index of the main view of these buildings, no specific meaningful relationship is seen. What is worthy of consideration in this evolution is the greatest impact on the area of the arenas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - A legal look at the reduction of the specificity of the state in the postmodern era with the separation of "public-private" as an element of fundamental thinking.
Mohammad Mirzaeimehr Kheirollah Parvin Abdolkarim ShaheydarThe new form of the government, which is being realized along with diversity, differences and distances, raises questions about the conditions of exercising government power in the societies entered in the postmodern era. With such a situation and by entering into compl MoreThe new form of the government, which is being realized along with diversity, differences and distances, raises questions about the conditions of exercising government power in the societies entered in the postmodern era. With such a situation and by entering into complex relationships of mutual dependence and being present in the competition of various powers with which it is required to combine and pass through multiple lines of rupture, it seems that a significant part of the means of action and its ability to control the transformation Social has lost; The government is no longer considered to be the arena of purity, selflessness and sacrifice, but it is considered the position and position of pursuing individual interests. At present, this thinking has prevailed that the public administration should be efficient and beneficial like a private person, and this efficiency will lead to the realization of good management. According to the research, it should be said; The assumption based on which the public administration, which serves the public interest, is not able to provide efficiency and usefulness gave way to the idea that the administration is required to continuously improve its functions and reduce its costs, just like private individuals; The department is committed to carrying out its missions in the best possible conditions, and taking care of the quality of its support using the best tools and facilities available to it. Therefore, its difference with private institutions is fading. In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method, an attempt has been made to investigate the legality of the reduction of the specificity of the government in the post-modern era by distinguishing "public-private" as an element of fundamental thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - Evolutionary 4-Objective Optimization Portfolio Algorithms for fuzzy and non-fuzzy selection
Mohammad javad Salimi Mohammad Taghi Taqhavi Fard Mirfeiz Fallahshams Hadi Khajezadeh DezfuliIn choosing the optimal portfolio, we must consider various criteria, some of which are determined by the nature of the optimization and some are determined by the investor's desire. Therefore, in this paper, multi-objective optimization models are designed and solved i MoreIn choosing the optimal portfolio, we must consider various criteria, some of which are determined by the nature of the optimization and some are determined by the investor's desire. Therefore, in this paper, multi-objective optimization models are designed and solved in MATLAB software environment. These models are designed in such a way that both the nature of the portfolio optimization, the considerations of the investor and the uncertain nature of the future return on assets, are taken into account. After designing the models in fuzzy and non-fuzzy (simple) conditions, due to their NP-HARD nature, a dedicated NSGA-II algorithm was used to solve it. After solving the models, the best portfolio from attained Pareto frontier, based on the Sortino ratio, be chosen. After that all of the obtained portfolios are compared according to the Treyner ratio. The results of statistical tests clearly show that the proposed models have a high power in choosing portfolios with maximum returns and a minimum risk. The results also indicate that that the designed models, with use of fuzzy logic in quadratic models creates more favorable results than simple models without using possibility theory and fuzzy logic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - Optimal Currency Portfolio of Foregin Exchange Reserves in the Central Bank of I. R. Iran (Post-Modern Portfolio Approach)
Saeed Daei-KarimzadehOne of key aspects of foreign reserves management in central banks is to determine appropriate currency portfolio of foreign exchange reserves. In this study, optimal currency composition of four major reserve currency (including dollar, euro, pound and yen) in currency MoreOne of key aspects of foreign reserves management in central banks is to determine appropriate currency portfolio of foreign exchange reserves. In this study, optimal currency composition of four major reserve currency (including dollar, euro, pound and yen) in currency portfolio of the central bank of Iran analyzed. For this purpose, post modern portfolio approach and quarterly data during 2011 to 2014 used and efficient frontier of the central bank extracted as well. The results indicate that maximum share of dollar, euro and yen in the strategic currency reserves portfolio of the central bank is respectively 35, 29 and 48 percent. Accordingly, if share of the currencies in the currency portfolio was more than these figures, the value of reserves is reduced. Furthermore, pound is a risky currency, so the central bank to hold the currency, mainly should act based on his transaction needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - Reading Finnish Architecture Through Tradition and Modernism
Mohammad Mohammadzadeh DogahehThe study of Finnish architecture from the early to contemporary period is the subject of this research, the importance of this issue is that how to create a link with the past architecture of Finland, which has an ancient history of traditional architecture, has always MoreThe study of Finnish architecture from the early to contemporary period is the subject of this research, the importance of this issue is that how to create a link with the past architecture of Finland, which has an ancient history of traditional architecture, has always been considered as one of the challenges of its contemporary architecture. And the purpose of this research is to know how factors such as materials, local materials and cultural aspects influence the formation of the historical periods of this region. The main question of the research is, what was the role of these factors in the formation of these courses? Descriptive-analytical and historical-interpretive research methods have been used with targeted sampling of the works of prominent architects of each period and their analysis. The data was collected in the form of documents and libraries. The independent variable of the research is nature and local materials, cultural currents, traditions and nationalist movements, and the dependent variable is Finnish architecture. The statistical population and sampling method is quota. The results of the research show that the historical periods of Finnish architecture before independence were influenced by Swedish and Russian architecture and neoclassicism, neogothic, eclectic, national and art nouveau styles, and after independence, Nordic style and modernist movements and in the reconstruction period after World War II has been the government's policies. In the period of contemporary architecture, three types of trends were formed under the influence of the works of Alvar Aalto, Pauli Blomstedt and Reima Pietilä, in which, in addition to historical and geographical factors, the surrounding nature and local culture also played a very important role in the continuation of tradition in the works of the present era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
439 - An Elemental Metaphor from the Linguistic Dimension of Architecture, Attunement and Poetic in the Interpretation of Alberto Pérez-Gómez
Sahar Lori Alikhani Mehrdad MatinIn the seventeenth century, Descartes turned attentions from objectivity to subjectivity. Modern architecture is usually tied to the concept of abstraction, and less can be learned from semantics and signage in modern forms than in previous eras. The language that may u MoreIn the seventeenth century, Descartes turned attentions from objectivity to subjectivity. Modern architecture is usually tied to the concept of abstraction, and less can be learned from semantics and signage in modern forms than in previous eras. The language that may ultimately create a culture for designing moods based on culture with more claims to a sense of the world is poetic or literary language, the basic unit of which is metaphor. The architect, by adopting strategies that use metaphorical language, begins to design places related to culture. In architecture, the subject is not just a building, but the meaningful event that exists, life itself. The language with which architecture can make the living space meaningful is poetic language. Take advantage of metaphor is the best way to express poetry poetically in architectural design. The research method is analytical, descriptive and qualitative; The main question of the research is: "Can we get rid of modern architectural crises with poetic language and metaphorical element?". In order to answer this question, the sounds of architecture, the voice of the architect and the use of metaphor in architecture were examined. Then, with the help of sorting the types of metaphors in architecture in three forms: tangible, intangible and combined, the examples of contemporary architecture were examined. The result of this research shows that the way out of the modern architectural crisis that has been faced in the last fifty years is to engage hermeneutics and pay attention to poetic language in architecture. Architects use metaphor as a strategy towards creativity; Because in the modern period the focus was on the scientific and mathematical approach, few people paid attention to the poetic concepts of the works; However, by examining some works, a poetic approach was observed and it was shown that architects use metaphors in different ways and use different interpretations to turn them into visual images. In fact, the metaphorical nature of the architectural form extends to the contemporary period, and what is omitted due to abstraction is the tangible expression of metaphor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
440 - Presenting A Model of Innovation in Secondary Education Based on Cloud Computing Technology
Mohammad Mousa Shabanian esmaeil kazempour Zohre ShakibaeiThe present study was conducted to provide an innovative model in secondary education based on the use of cloud computing technology. The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative sequential exploratory type. The statistical sample in the qualitat MoreThe present study was conducted to provide an innovative model in secondary education based on the use of cloud computing technology. The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative sequential exploratory type. The statistical sample in the qualitative section consists of 11 specialists in the fields of information technology and educational management who were selected using a purposive sampling method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and the data were analyzed using the Smith coding method. In the quantitative stage, the statistical population included 3,500 principals, teachers and experts in Guilan province from whom 350 individuals were randomly selected using Morgan’s table. Data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part. Its face and content validity were confirmed and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was estimated to be 0.89. The results of research in the qualitative part emerged in six dimensions (causal, intermediate, contextual, pivotal, strategic and consequential) including 13 components: the need for change in teaching methods, the usefulness of cloud tools, 21st century requirements, the need for new technologies, human resources organizational support, preparation of learning environment, is an innovative approach to public education, educational policy, providing training requirements, training promotion, educational justice and financial resource management. Quantitative analysis also indicated that all research variables have higher averages than expected. Based on several indicators such as Fornell-Locker index, general fit criterion index (GOF), coefficient of determination and cross-validity or cross-validity index (CV Red), the model has been evaluated and fitted, all based on validity, reliability, strong fit, strong diagnostic validity as well as good quality of the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
441 - The Relationship between Modern Teaching Methods and Self-Regulated Learning Strategies with the Mediating Role of Students’ Perceptions of Classroom Activities
Maryam Jafari Abolghasem BarimaniThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between modern teaching methods and self-regulated learning strategies with the mediating role of students’ perceptions of classroom activities. The research was applied in terms of purpose and the meth MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between modern teaching methods and self-regulated learning strategies with the mediating role of students’ perceptions of classroom activities. The research was applied in terms of purpose and the method was descriptive, correlational. The statistical population of this study included 4816 students of Secondary school of Neka. The sample included 381 participants recruited by using Krejcie and Morgan’s Table via stratified random sampling concerning gender. The data were gathered by using three Questionnaires: Valinejad Sangdehee et al.’s (2016) modern teaching methods, Bouffard et al.’s (1995) self-regulated learning strategies, and Gantry et al.’s (2002) perceptions of classroom activities Questionnaires. The reliability of the instruments was calculated to be 0.70, 0.77 and 0.92 respectively using Cronbach’s alpha. To analyze the collected data structural equation modeling was employed using the PLS software. The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between modern teaching methods and measuring the perceptions of classroom activities with self-regulated learning strategies. 83.7% of self-regulated learning strategies and 73.3% of perceptions of classroom activities were explained by modern teaching methods. The perceptions of classroom activities had a mediating effect on the relationship between modern teaching methods and self-regulated learning strategies. The indices indicated that the proposed model is an appropriate fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - Aesthetic Pathology of Modern Poetry
Fatemeh Heidari Arash MoshfaghiAbstract Modern poetry has evolved in its field of content and conceptual approaches along with its form and has eventually ended in the highlight of poetry. These highlightings are innovations for some scholars and damages for the others. Without over a thousand year MoreAbstract Modern poetry has evolved in its field of content and conceptual approaches along with its form and has eventually ended in the highlight of poetry. These highlightings are innovations for some scholars and damages for the others. Without over a thousand year historical and artistic background or Persian literature, has modern poetry been affected and therefore suffers several defects that could be put into categories of form and content. The present study aims to investigate the defects of form and content in the areas of vocabulary, colloquial language, semantic, syntax, contents etc. all of which are discussed as far as possible, through examples from poems written by Nima Yooshij, Mehdi Akhavan Sales, Sohrab Sepehri, Ahmad Shamloo, Forough Farrokhzad, Tehereh Saffar Zadeh etc. So that the roots and origins of these qualitative and quantitative weaknesses from the point of view of aesthetic pathology be clarified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
443 - Studying the Subject of Contrast Between Tradition and Modernity in the Novel of " One hundred years of loneliness " from Gabriel Garcia Marquez
Hamid Reza farzi Reza Ghassem Zadeh Fahimeh Haji ZadehAbstract The novel : " One hundred years of loneliness " from Gabriel Garcia Marquez is one of the most exquisite novels which has been written with a theme of contrast between tradition and modernity in a magical MoreAbstract The novel : " One hundred years of loneliness " from Gabriel Garcia Marquez is one of the most exquisite novels which has been written with a theme of contrast between tradition and modernity in a magical realistic method . The challenge between tradition and modernity as the two great social advancements in the world of literature has especially been reflected in the mold of novel that " One Hundred Years of Loneliness " is a sample of this literary work. In this passage, by studying the positive and negative consequences of modernity in Marquez's society, we have dealt with its contrast with tradition in four spheres of culture, society, economy and politics relying on Antony Gidden's sociology. Marquez, as a professional journalist, and a competent novelist in Latin America, has been able, by creating excellent illustration and by using the modern method of magic realism, to show the problem of his country and the neighboring ones on the view of the whole world. Marquez thinks the third world countries not only haven't reached the boundries of exaltation, but also have been changed to the world of rivalry among capitalist and colonialist countries in being plundered of their reservoirs and intellectual reserves. Opposite to Gidden's theory, Marquez has illustrated a traditional society which by daily expression of modernity is on the way of vanishing and nihilism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
444 - The Sociological Study of the Novel " Tooba and the Meaning of the Night" from Shahr Noosh Parsi Pour
Zeinab Rahmanian leila adlparvar Kamran Pashaee FakhriAbstract Generally speaking, the contemporary Persian women story-writers have always focused on the two problems in their social novels: the first one is the identical and critical challenges which the individual , in a tradi MoreAbstract Generally speaking, the contemporary Persian women story-writers have always focused on the two problems in their social novels: the first one is the identical and critical challenges which the individual , in a traditional society, is traversing; and the second one is utilizing the techniques, literature of the new forms of narration to create ultimately complicate and literal work. Since " The Sovoushoun " novel from Simin Daneshvar, the contemporary women novelists, by creating women heroes and even sometimes anti-heroes, have challenged the whole traditional crises of Iran which usually presages the chaotic society of the writer. Of the writers who pay attention to the social crises in one hand and the magic realistic methods on the other, is Shahr Noosh Parsipour. Although most of her works have not been published in Iran, they have found their place among the medium book-readers. By descriptive analytic method, we have tried, in this article, by centralizing on the riot against the crises and social vacuity, to study an analyze the sociological points in this novel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
445 - Studying the Social Realistic Frequencies in the Poetry of Forough Farrokhzad
Leila GolipouriAbstract Realism is a literary school which spread in Europe and America in 1850 – 1880. Its most important characteristic is that it considers man as a social being and seeks the roots of his behavior, whether good or b MoreAbstract Realism is a literary school which spread in Europe and America in 1850 – 1880. Its most important characteristic is that it considers man as a social being and seeks the roots of his behavior, whether good or bad, in the society. Realism entered the Persian literature through Iranians' familiarity with the West in an imitative and concordant with the constitution revolution; and the poets and writers took advantage of this school in creating their works. Persian women poets such as Forough Farrokhzad used it in composing their social poetry. The present article, with the analytic – descriptive method, and by considering the impact of the different governments which had on the social frequencies till post revolution, is going to study some of the realistic social frequencies in Forough's poetry. The consequence of this research is that the element of woman relying on fighting against desperation, espousing the justice and advocating the right of man were of the most important frequencies of social realism which were of significant elements in the women's movement in this Persian lady's poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - The Background of Mysticism in Modern Poetry ( with emphasis on Akhavan Sales and Hooshang Ebtehaj )
Nader Javad ZadeghanAbstract Mysticism, in Persian literature, is of the main themes of poetry, and in the contemporary period and especially after the revolution, the committed poets have paid profound attention to it and the rate of belief in m MoreAbstract Mysticism, in Persian literature, is of the main themes of poetry, and in the contemporary period and especially after the revolution, the committed poets have paid profound attention to it and the rate of belief in mysticism followed by the frequency of the entrance of mystical implications, and the type of mystics' outlook at it is different. The subject of this article is to study mysticism in Persian poetry. The importance of this research is that some say the contemporary poetry has diverted from real beloved and indicates the desperation and absurdity; but the fact is other than this. To this purpose, the poetry of well-known poets of the contemporary ones have been evaluated and their mystical themes have been mentioned here. Dealing with the mystical problems, in this case, has had much acceptability in Akhavan Sales' poetry, but it is under the influence of social matters. Amir Hooshang Ebtehaj is also familiar with mystical points in the previous literature and has brought them in his poetry. However, mysticism is not in the canon of his attention. In fact his poetry contains a mild trend of mysticism. Consequently, we can judge that though these poets are not mystics, they are interested in their themes and use them in various manners in their poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
447 - رابطه همسرگزینی جمع‌گرا یا فردگرا با پایداری ازدواج در متون کهن حماسی
Mehrnaz Firoozmand Jahandoost Sabzali pour Ahmad Reza Nazari Chervadeh شهریار حسن زاده -
Open Access Article
448 - طراحی سیستم سرووی نوع یک و مشاهده‌گر مرتبه کامل به روش جایدهی قطب برای یک شیر سروو پیزوالکتریک فاقد انتگرال گیر
مهدیه حامدی هادی همایی خیام صفریدر این مقاله از روش رهیافت کنترل مدرن برای طراحی کنترلر و مشاهده‌گر استفاده شده است. عملکرد سایر کنترلر‌ها نظیر عصبی - فازی و یا کشویی کنترل حالت می‌تواند در ادامه این کار مورد متوجه قرار گیرد و نتایج با هم مقایسه گردد. در ابتدا، برای شیر سروو یک مدل دینامیکی در ن Moreدر این مقاله از روش رهیافت کنترل مدرن برای طراحی کنترلر و مشاهده‌گر استفاده شده است. عملکرد سایر کنترلر‌ها نظیر عصبی - فازی و یا کشویی کنترل حالت می‌تواند در ادامه این کار مورد متوجه قرار گیرد و نتایج با هم مقایسه گردد. در ابتدا، برای شیر سروو یک مدل دینامیکی در نظر گرفته شده و برای آن معادلات حاکم بدست آمده و در فرم فضای حالت بیان شده است. با توجه به این که سیستم بیان شده نوع صفر و فاقد انتگرال گیر است، سیستم سروو نوع یک و مشاهده گر حالت مرتبه کامل به روش جایدهی قطب با معیار قطب های غالب، بسل و ITAE طراحی و مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. پاسخ به ورودی پله برای سیستم طراحی شده و همچنین پاسخ به شرایط اولیه مشاهده‌گر، در منحنی هایی نشان داده شده و مقایسه‌ای بین سیستم های طراحی شده انجام گرفته است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
449 - Cultural Study of the Two Bio-World of Tehran Women; Religious Board and Coffee Shop
Homaira Haj Mohammad Kazemi Hossein Tanhai Mohammad Bagher TajuddinThe present study deals with the qualitative study of the two bio-worlds of women in Tehran by the religious board and the coffee shop, and the meanings, interpretations and symbols that these two groups of women express themselves are analyzed. A qualitative study in t MoreThe present study deals with the qualitative study of the two bio-worlds of women in Tehran by the religious board and the coffee shop, and the meanings, interpretations and symbols that these two groups of women express themselves are analyzed. A qualitative study in this study shows that identity factors have changed fundamentally over the past two decades, so that today Iranian women are very different from the past. The present study is based on interpretive paradigm and qualitative phenomenological research method with thematic analysis technique (theme) in Tehran. The study population of this article is women in Tehran, from which 42 people have been selected by theoretical sampling method and the information has been collected and rewritten through in-depth interviews. The research shows that the categories obtained in the formation of women's identity can be expressed in the following cases: fluid leisure, the effect of coffee shop music, the heterogeneous combination of tradition and modernism in individuality, the prevalence of religious childhood on the mental wall of activists, spiritual guidance, belief, migration and the need to reproduce the meaning of religion in the formation of identity, the dialectic of spirituality in the impact of need and sin, feminine ignorance due to prejudice, the domination of patriarchal culture and a way for women to pass, the duality of cafe and group, heterogeneous homogeneity, the deconstruction of communication, the incompatibility of modern bodies with the essence of spirituality, the combination of pleasure and spirituality, the romantic action of the heathers, the reconstruction of spiritual dialogues. The results show that when we are going to look at the formation of women's identity in today's Iranian society, we must first pay attention to the components of their influence on the religious identity that arises from the family or school. On the other hand, the emergence of new modern forms such as coffee shops in this area can have an impact on the mentality and personality of women. Women are also taking turns in changing their mental direction. In such a way that the type of attitude is not necessarily considered anti-spirituality and religion, but shows differences with the traditional religious view. On the other hand, their presence in modern places such as coffee shops shows that the acceptance of modernism in today's generation of women is undeniable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
450 - The Modern Fundamental Religious - Cultural movement
mohamadsalar kasraie majid fatemi khesalThis study aimed to study the sociological aspect new emerging religious and cultural movement in Iran. The main issue of researchers is about the method and practice of these movements. The main question of this research is: what are the aims and ideals and ways of org MoreThis study aimed to study the sociological aspect new emerging religious and cultural movement in Iran. The main issue of researchers is about the method and practice of these movements. The main question of this research is: what are the aims and ideals and ways of organizing, recruiting practices and social contexts of it? In this study the cultural fundamental movements means religious and cultural institutions in different cities of Iran which their activities are same. In this study the two institutions; Noor Marefat in Karaj and Behesht in Tehran were selected as a case study. These institutions often operate in urban areas and attract the youth to their activities. In this study, these institutions have been named as cultural fundamentalist movements. Finally, the findings of authors show that this movement has made a remarkable progress in terms of quality and quantity, recruiting a lot of human resources and make progress very fast. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
451 - A Comparative Study of the Discourses of the Challenge of Tradition and Modernity in Iran and Turkey (Based on Famous Literary Novels)
zahra mahmodabadi saiid maadani YAGHOB MOSAVIThe main purpose of writing this article is a comparative study of the two novels of Kelidar and trilogy of Ince Memed (Ince Memed, My Hawk, They Burn the Thistles), The novel Kelidar and the trilogy of Ince Memed were written by Mahmoud Dolatabadi and Yashar Kamal at t MoreThe main purpose of writing this article is a comparative study of the two novels of Kelidar and trilogy of Ince Memed (Ince Memed, My Hawk, They Burn the Thistles), The novel Kelidar and the trilogy of Ince Memed were written by Mahmoud Dolatabadi and Yashar Kamal at the same time in Iran and Turkey. To achieve this goal, the question was raised that how are the effects of the modernization of rural society in Turkey and its consequences in the novel Ince Memed and the effects of modernization of rural society in Iran and its consequences in the novel Kelidar stated? To answer this question, based on the theoretical framework of tradition and modernity, based on Giddens's views, and with a qualitative method of critical discourse analysis, these two novels have been studied. In both novels, the landlord discourse is the dominant discourse. In both novels, we also encounter patriarchal discourse, both of which are among the traditional discourses. In Kelider's novel, we are confronted with the modern discourse of parties relying on the Tudeh Party. Reza Khan's reforms in Kelider's novel are more significant than Atatürk's reforms in Ince Memed trilogy, and the effects of modernization of society in Kelider's novel are more than the effects of modernization of society in Ince Memed trilogy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
452 - A Comparative Analysis of Democratization in Iran and Turkey: A Case Study of the Constitutional Movement In1906 and 1908
marzieh abouzari ali saeiiThis study compares democratization in Iran and Turkey. We show that Iranian and Ottoman society experienced the wave of democratization in 1906 and 1908 respectively. Our argument is that democratization is the result of the combination of three causal conditions, educ MoreThis study compares democratization in Iran and Turkey. We show that Iranian and Ottoman society experienced the wave of democratization in 1906 and 1908 respectively. Our argument is that democratization is the result of the combination of three causal conditions, educational development and the agency of political actors and the agency of social actors. Theoretically, educational development only can potentially facilitate the process of democratization, but this is dependent on how political elites respond to it. The strategic choices made by the élites determine the main process of democratization. This study uses comparative historical analysis. Methodologically, the comparative historical analysis focuses on both historically interpretive and causally analytic.The findings indicate that the educational development as a structural resource in combination with the strategic choeces of political and social actors such as negotiation or coalition or the creation of a social movement has led to democratization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
453 - The Impact of Modernity in Changing the Lifestyle of Baloch Families
Farahnaz YousefiSince the family system in Balochistan is a traditional religious type and also the trend of modernity has affected various societies, so the Baloch community is no exception. The purpose of this article is to address the impact and reflection of modernity on the lifest MoreSince the family system in Balochistan is a traditional religious type and also the trend of modernity has affected various societies, so the Baloch community is no exception. The purpose of this article is to address the impact and reflection of modernity on the lifestyle of traditional Baloch families and the method in this research is descriptive-analytical. It should be noted that the library method for reviewing the texts and content of the materials used, relies more on scientific articles. In this research, field methods such as the author's observations and experiences, conversations with a number of university women and religious leaders, and a questionnaire have also been used. This article is inspired by the theory of modernization, which is used to explain the process of modernization in societies. After defining modernity and discussing the results, it indicates that today's generation does not adhere to the traditional teachings of the family and this issue will face more challenges over time. In other words, in contrast to tradition and modernity, modern values gradually marginalize traditional values. To deal with this phenomenon, traditional methods alone cannot be of much use, but a modern approach must be taken to confront modernity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
454 - Investigating the Principles of Modern Urban Design and Traditional Urban Planning in the Design of Cities in the Central Desert of Iran (Case study: Abshahi Neighborhood of Yazd)
arian naghavi anaraki Mohammad Reza Farzad BehtashThe development pattern of today's cities has moved away from traditional methods and the quality of life in cities has decreased and has become alien to the socio-cultural needs of the Iranian people. This trend has caused the historical parts of large cities to lose t MoreThe development pattern of today's cities has moved away from traditional methods and the quality of life in cities has decreased and has become alien to the socio-cultural needs of the Iranian people. This trend has caused the historical parts of large cities to lose their traditional identity and be separated from modern urban developments. One of these cities is the city of Yazd and Abshahi neighborhood. And many other problems. The main purpose of this study is to study and analyze the pattern of urban planning in the Abshahi neighborhood of Yazd and the role of traditional patterns in modern urban planning and localization of modern patterns with Iranian-Islamic culture. In fact, achieving the importance of what urban design should be in the inner core of Shahrizad to provide sustainability, causing aspects of traditional Iranian design have a sustainable nature and can be reused to create a new socio-cultural identity and responded to specific social needs in urban planning. In this research, descriptive-analytical, qualitative-field, survey and historical research methods have been used with the help of Holdern model and quartile distribution. The results of this study show that traditional and modern urban planning, not only do not oppose each other, but together achieve a sustainable and environmentally friendly urban design. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
455 - The Application of Combined Fuzzy Clustering Model and Neural Networks to Measure Valuably of Bank Customers
Raheleh Nasiri Sharifi Maryam Rastgarpour -
Open Access Article
456 - An Investigation into the Relationship between Religion and Democracy in Religious Modernism; Case Study of Mehdi Bazargan
Mohammad Taghi Ghezelsofla pooneh ghasempour Mehrdad Khoram NasrThe relation between religion and politics, the essence and also the manner of stablishing an idealistic government has always been one of the main issues in contemporary thought in Iran. Some assume the religion completely separated from politics, but some else assume MoreThe relation between religion and politics, the essence and also the manner of stablishing an idealistic government has always been one of the main issues in contemporary thought in Iran. Some assume the religion completely separated from politics, but some else assume the politics exactly as same as religion. But democracy and the possibility or impossibility of it’s stablishment as an idealistic example of government in Iranian society has been one of the remarkable issues for intellectuals. Mehdi Bazargan had exposed a special attend to this issue as one of the Iranian Religious Modernists. He could be considered as one of the people who have persisted in possibility of stablishing democracy in a modern and religion centered society. The main question of the article is that “What is the Bazargan’s approach to democracy with considering the Cognitive-Political basics extracted from Religious Modernism?” In response to the question and by using Content Analysis, we will study the two different Bazargan’s point of view to democracy in the primary and subsequent periods of Islamic revolution. The research shows that the first Bazargan is concentrated on the religion based democracy and his recent thought defends the wisdom based democracy, Thus, we see a kind of revision in his democratic thought. This article is written in the Religious Modernism frame work and Analytical and Descriptive methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
457 - Investigating the Political Participation of Women in the Process of Formation, Stabilization and Continuation of the Islamic Revolution of Iran
قادر زارع مهدوی محمود نقدی پور مصطفی نجفیThe purpose of this paper is to examine the socio-political participation of women in the process of formation and continuation of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. In fact, we are trying to examine the role of women in the Islamic revolution of Iran and in the course of MoreThe purpose of this paper is to examine the socio-political participation of women in the process of formation and continuation of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. In fact, we are trying to examine the role of women in the Islamic revolution of Iran and in the course of the continuation of the revolution. The question arises as to how women played a role in the formation and continuation of the Islamic revolution? In response, it should be said that the role and participation of women in the formation and continuation of the revolution have been in the form of three types of participatory participation, traditional participation and modern participation. We can observe the mobilization of participation and traditional participation in the formation of revolution and in a time like sacred defense, and we can observe modern participation after the sacred defense and the entry of women into the political, economic and social arenas of the country.The purpose of this paper is to examine the socio-political participation of women in the process of formation and continuation of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. In fact, we are trying to examine the role of women in the Islamic revolution of Iran and in the course of the continuation of the revolution. The question arises as to how women played a role in the formation and continuation of the Islamic revolution? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
458 - تحول گفتمانی «دولت – ملت» در گذار به ژئوپلیتیک پست‌مدرن (چشم‌انداز دولت پسا‌سرزمینی)
sayyed hadi zarghani ebrahim ahmadiThe basically, subject About the Nation State, Reference all the basic concepts in the Geography political and Go political knowledge is assumed. From the past to the present Security is the main Worry of Nation State Is. The assumptions of this paper seek to answer the MoreThe basically, subject About the Nation State, Reference all the basic concepts in the Geography political and Go political knowledge is assumed. From the past to the present Security is the main Worry of Nation State Is. The assumptions of this paper seek to answer the question the modern geopolitical transition to post-modern geopolitical nature of security in the Nation State how is that? In fact, while the concept of security is constant, Geographical-political content its function varies with time and place. The concept of security in the modern state (Westphalia), most have a military dimension In Crosslet -border threats (in the form of threats against the integrity of the borders) is defined That is both objective and subjective aspects- But This concept in the post-modern state is different. In fact, from the perspective of postmodernists there is no such thing as absolute, so The Nation State not is absolute security commission. Mentioned Deconstruct of The entry from the bottom geopolitical actors (Environmentalists, indigenous peoples, marginalization common people Social and Economic, Human rights advocates, NGOs, Religious and ethnic minorities, feminists, etc.)Of the sidelines to focus is. So that developments on the Down Nation level (The Local) and transnational (Globalization) The advent of a form of With Nation State security features and Special Sovereignty is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
459 - In the Nature of Modern State-To an Organizational Approach
Ata Anbarani Alireza Azghandi محسن مدیر شانه چی صادق زیبا کلام مفردThe goal of this article is approaching to a touchable theoretical framework of modern state. The question is that by what kinds of approach the modern state could be studied and investigated. Besides, what are the bases and traits of modern state. In other words by whi MoreThe goal of this article is approaching to a touchable theoretical framework of modern state. The question is that by what kinds of approach the modern state could be studied and investigated. Besides, what are the bases and traits of modern state. In other words by which theoretical traits the modern state could be recognized better. The author, while giving a short introduction of macro views of modern state, knows the Organizational Approach as the most suitable view for defining the state; because it is free from the deficiencies of other approaches. The method used in this study is historical, descriptive, analytical and comparative. This study while referring to the historical development of modern state in the frame of absolutist state by laying on theoretical framework got from the ideas of Weber, Pierson and Morris, emphasis on the fact that modern state should be investigated as a political organization, so by defining its parts, the nature of modern state( basis, function, nature and traits) could be recognized, and the complexities and ambiguities on the way of defining the state could be reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
460 - Comparative study of Islamic Republic of Iran and EU's foreign policy on ISIS crisis from the point of view of Defensive Realism
Mohammadmehdi Ghasemi aliabadi Hossein Masoudnia Seyyed Javad Emam jomezadehThe post-age period means going beyond ISIS and a period in which ISIS and ISIS's existence are not existential and somewhat ambitious. Its postmodern age will be an era in which frictions are more compact and open space becomes much more direct. In other words, ISIS ha MoreThe post-age period means going beyond ISIS and a period in which ISIS and ISIS's existence are not existential and somewhat ambitious. Its postmodern age will be an era in which frictions are more compact and open space becomes much more direct. In other words, ISIS has now failed in Syria, and as it moves away, there will be renewed issues and revival of disputed issues between the Syrian oppositionists and Assad. The Syrian crisis has affected Iran and has created challenges in relations between the two countries. The approaches followed by Iran in recent years in the field of foreign policy are rooted in the historical issues and the behavior of policymakers and the motives of the two countries. On the other hand, the European Union, which somehow had a French influence in Syria and now has economic and ... relations with this country, although dissatisfied with the existence of the central government of Damascus under the leadership of the Assad dynasty, It seeks to create a strong security blockade against the influence of the terrorist elements of the Middle East. In this article, we are trying to answer the following question: what are the foreign policies of the regional power of Iran and the transatlantic power of the European Union in relation to Syria? What are their goals? What are the consequences of these goals and the route to them? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
461 - Hizmet (service) Movement, and the Golinistic Understanding of Islam in Modern Turkey; the Nature, Trends and Perspectives
masoud motallebiSince the 1960s, the Islamist movement in Turkey has grown under titles such as the Hizmet(Service) Movement, the Norrchi Stream and the Jalta Gülen, which has presented a new model of social Islam based on the religious protestist Fethullah Gulen's thoughts. As on MoreSince the 1960s, the Islamist movement in Turkey has grown under titles such as the Hizmet(Service) Movement, the Norrchi Stream and the Jalta Gülen, which has presented a new model of social Islam based on the religious protestist Fethullah Gulen's thoughts. As one of the most important movements, the Hizmet(Service) Movement was influential not only in Turkey but also in the region and areas such as Central Asia and the Caucasus, the Balkans, Africa, and even the United States in recent years. The findings of this descriptive-analytic literature show that the Hizmet(Service) Movement is a product of Turkish historical conditions and a reaction to the secularist policies of governments and the media, a continuous effort to adapt Islam to modernity. Using Islamic morality based on teachings of Sufism, ideas of sanctification of collective effort, fighting against poverty, and attempts to reconciling tradition and modernity through elements of tradition of liberalism and Protestant morality, the congregation offered a kind of Islam which defends for social Islam against political Islam. Although activities and actions of this movement have been overshadowed by events occurred after unsuccessful coup of July 2016 and the Erdogan government which has started a massive struggle to eliminate this movement, it seems that the movement which has its deep roots in Islamic tradition and native culture and has shown to be capable of adapting itself to the existing conditions and updating Islamic thoughts, can not be eliminated or marginalized easily. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
462 - The Examination of the Role of Intellectuals in Reza Khan Getting into Power
Bizhan Mirzaei MORTEZA MAHMODI ali karimi meleh ali asghar zargarReza Khan getting into power is one of the main events of Iran contemporary history for which various factors have been proposed from interference of foreigners to the chaos of Iran after constitutional revolution. In this regard, the intellectuals who played significan MoreReza Khan getting into power is one of the main events of Iran contemporary history for which various factors have been proposed from interference of foreigners to the chaos of Iran after constitutional revolution. In this regard, the intellectuals who played significant role in making Reza Khan get into power through their intellectual and practical support should be mentioned. The intellectuals of this period considered the saving path of country in establishment of "authorized government", "expansion of nationalism" and "authoritarian modernization" by avoiding the constitutional ideals and perceived the satisfaction of these ideas in Reza Khan's personality. Thus, in their publications which they published until Reza Khan Kingdom, they pursued these ideas and were united in fulfillment of them through establishment of a superior and concentrated political power. The coalition between Reza Khan and intellectuals leads to enhancement of political status of Reza Khan and succeeded in providing a map for his future government which he tried to implement during his 20 years of presence in politics Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
463 - Political and social consequences of the emergence of the new middle class in Iran during the Second Pahlavi era
saeed jahangiri Abolghasem TaheriThe present article deals with the concept of the new middle class and how it develops and functions at the time of the second Pahlavi years. It can be said that the new middle class, in parallel with its growth, could not find a very high status in political and social MoreThe present article deals with the concept of the new middle class and how it develops and functions at the time of the second Pahlavi years. It can be said that the new middle class, in parallel with its growth, could not find a very high status in political and social participation, and therefore, contrary to what the government had before, became a government against it. In this regard, different perspectives on the concept of the middle class and the new middle class are presented, and then its historical expansion process is explained in the period under discussion of this paper. The research method used in this article is descriptive-analytic and has been discussed from the angles of this issue. This article attempts to use the concepts and topics in sociology and political sciences about social classes to explain the historical changes of the period under discussion. Accordingly, the fundamental question of the present research is how does the new middle class play a role in the political development of Iran during the Pahlavi era Second has Based on this hypothesis, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's strategic mistakes led to a decline in political development in the growth of the new middle class and the failure to meet their basic qualitative and traditional demands and the new middle class coalition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
464 - Social context influencing the formation of the social movement of environmentalism in Iran
mohamadali golmohamadzadeh alireza esmaeilzad Parviz ahadiThe environmental crisis is one of the most important global problems today. Because popular participation is increasingly needed to deal with this crisis, it is important to note that environmental NGOs and grassroots organizations have been formed around the world to MoreThe environmental crisis is one of the most important global problems today. Because popular participation is increasingly needed to deal with this crisis, it is important to note that environmental NGOs and grassroots organizations have been formed around the world to direct this public participation. And guide. Environmental movements in Iran as a modern movement that is due to the experiences gained and the conditions resulting from the new way of life in Iran can be a new social movement that is slow and scattered but has a common goal and away from the conditions and trends of social movements. Conventional and classic, which is expanding slowly. In this article, we will discuss the bio-movement and the social context of this movement in Iran. According to the hypothesis of this article, the consequences of globalization and late modernity or rethinking modernization of the external social context and the spread of doubts about its consequences and increasing awareness of the need to care for planetary ecology and the demand for humanization of technology among part of society. "Environmentalism" can be considered in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
465 - The approach of Iran's traditional and reformist intellectuals to Orientalism in the horizons of modernity
ali baliBackground and purpose: In Iran, from the second half of the nineteenth century onwards, while the modernist intellectuals who are familiar with the western culture, mainly look at modernization with the view of interaction and tolerance, and even tolerate its scientifi MoreBackground and purpose: In Iran, from the second half of the nineteenth century onwards, while the modernist intellectuals who are familiar with the western culture, mainly look at modernization with the view of interaction and tolerance, and even tolerate its scientific and technological achievements, looked at the phenomenon and function of modernity and the vanguard of renewal with a view of error and opposition and considered it as an example of westernization. This essay tries to answer the question, "What was the quality of the intellectual confrontation of Iranian dissidents with regard to Orientalism and the arrival of modernism in the course of the 20th century?"Methodology: The methodological approach of this research is comparative and analytical and based on library sources.Findings and results: Modernity in its nature promoted the propositions of individuality, civil freedom and the importance of law. It seems that the approach of Iranian intellectuals to Orientalism was twofold; parallel to the fascination of some progressives towards the West and the manifestations of modernity, who considered westernization from head to toe as a necessity for the development and progress of society; At the same time, Iran's traditionalist intellectuals considered the first group's point of view to be xenophobia, westernization, and a colonial conspiracy and denied any interaction and tolerance with the West. It seems that during the years leading to the Islamic Revolution, the discourse of the later group became more influential and remained the dominant discourse of Iranian society for many years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
466 - The crisis in the formation of Newsadriadrians political thought
mohamad poorgorban حمید رضا تبشیریThe present paper examines the political thought of the newness, which is referred to as political and religious leaders in the Islamic Republic of Iran and a philosophical stream in contemporary Iran, and addressed whether the social crises are ten 20 Up to 57 (AH) had MoreThe present paper examines the political thought of the newness, which is referred to as political and religious leaders in the Islamic Republic of Iran and a philosophical stream in contemporary Iran, and addressed whether the social crises are ten 20 Up to 57 (AH) had an impact on the formation of the political thought of the newness and, in the event of an impact, what did they see their community crisis? What did they know about? What kind of government did the alternative model for the political system? What are the solutions to the desirable community in their thoughts? The hypothesis of this article is that the crisis of ten 20 to 57 (H) He also saw his community crisis in issues such as lack of political independence, extreme Westernist, and introduce the cause of the angle of finding Mohammadi Islam. He knows the pattern for the political system for the formation of the Islamic Republic and the strategy of reaching the desirable community in the center of Islam in independence, religious democracy, and so on. Therefore, this paper aims to explain the political thought of newness in the interpretation method of crisis theory and using data analysis by library method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
467 - The most important criticisms of postmodernism based on the attitude of socialists
farzad mohammadi Hassan Shamsini GhiyathundTo challenge the promises in the discourses, a critical group called postmodernism is mentioned. With an epistemological approach, this practice distanced itself from modernity and presented a new worldview for mankind. Therefore, dealing with this school is not because MoreTo challenge the promises in the discourses, a critical group called postmodernism is mentioned. With an epistemological approach, this practice distanced itself from modernity and presented a new worldview for mankind. Therefore, dealing with this school is not because of the introduction of a new plan, but against any centralism, value hierarchy and dualistic logic of identity. This article seeks to review the theory of postmodernism, especially from the point of view of socialists, and evaluate its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, and the most important criticisms made on it through the review and review of studies. The method of conducting this research is descriptive-analytical, and the method of collecting information is in the form of a library, with special emphasis on books and first-hand written sources, articles published in reputable publications, and new researches. The results of this research show that the socialists are against some issues such as; Prioritizing society's issues, atomizing people, opposing relativism, and being subjective have fundamental disagreements with postmodernist ideas Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
468 - The interaction of tradition and text in political thought Seyyed Javad Tabatabai
rasol ghahari fashid jafari asghar partoeiTradition can be considered the most challenging concept of Iran's contemporary history. In fact, other new concepts and ideas, including modernity and democracy, were understood according to the tradition. For this reason, the political views of contemporary Iranian th MoreTradition can be considered the most challenging concept of Iran's contemporary history. In fact, other new concepts and ideas, including modernity and democracy, were understood according to the tradition. For this reason, the political views of contemporary Iranian thinkers, including Seyed Javad Tabatabaie, have been formed around tradition and modernity. The central question and purpose of this research is the meaning and indicators of tradition in Tabatabaie's political thought. By using the explanatory method, it can be said that Tabatabaei, like other Iranian thinkers, before examining modernity, modernity and also drawing his political thought, presented the concept of tradition and its relationship with history, politics, Islamic religion and the life of Iranians. Then he adapted it to modernity. Tabatabaie's attitude towards tradition is a paradoxical one, because he has an inherited attitude towards tradition that should be viewed as a historical identity that has no function in the period of modernity, development and policy making. On the other hand, it synchronizes the Iranian tradition with the authoritarianism, coherence and convergence of Iran, the lack of formation of western democracy in Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
469 - Archaism and National Identity; Modernism and Enlightened Despotism in view of Hassan Taghizade and Kaveh Magazine
Mohammad Shafeefar Nozar Khalil TahmasebiThe formation of the new discourse that followed the Constitutional Revolution was the product of abstract and concrete situations that took place in Iran. On the one hand, anarchy and feudality caused internal chaos and on the other, foreign visits by the enlighten-min MoreThe formation of the new discourse that followed the Constitutional Revolution was the product of abstract and concrete situations that took place in Iran. On the one hand, anarchy and feudality caused internal chaos and on the other, foreign visits by the enlighten-minded people, who touched the condition in the West directly, left deep changes in the minds of Iranian expatriates. Due to their feeling of indebtedness to Iran, they began to explore and present solutions that finally resulted in the creation of a new discourse of enlightenment. From the very discourse emerged Reza Shah. Hassan Taghizade, one of these enlighten-minded thinkers who was disillusioned by the Constitutional Revolution and had resorted to the West, suggested that the final solution for the ruining society of Iran is the rise of a reformist dictator to power; an enlightened dictatorship that returns Iran to its ancient glory and besides, pursues the accomplishments of western civilization in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
470 - Political Development and Modern Policy: Challangs of Political Development in Contemporary of Iran
Khosro VafaiePolitical development has been associated with a variety of injuries and the challenges faced. The origin of the main challenges in our society, politically incorrect understanding of the development of modern policy . In fact, if you understand the significance of the MorePolitical development has been associated with a variety of injuries and the challenges faced. The origin of the main challenges in our society, politically incorrect understanding of the development of modern policy . In fact, if you understand the significance of the relationship between these two categories is not available, you may develop between the political and policy practitioners, conflict and conflict arise in the works and its adverse consequences, in addition to the two political agents, our society also learn. Politicians flourish without regard to the objectives and work liberals, their performance goals are not simply ignore. This one-sided view of the two groups is more or less at times in the history of political developments in Iran has shown themselves to be effective and to a process of political development in Iran has become more serious ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
471 - Analyzing the anthropological roots of ecological criticism
mehdi khosravi Maryam Mahmoodi Parisa ِDavariFollowing the emergence of modernism and the serious damages of the 20th and 21st century to nature as the habitat of humans and the danger of its destruction, researchers in the field of ecological criticism literature introduced it as a new science. An approach that d MoreFollowing the emergence of modernism and the serious damages of the 20th and 21st century to nature as the habitat of humans and the danger of its destruction, researchers in the field of ecological criticism literature introduced it as a new science. An approach that deals with the relationship between literature, art and nature and their mutual influence, so that maybe by focusing on this issue, considerations regarding the preservation and protection of the habitat by the human society can be considered. Although human action and behavior changes with the transformation of the social structure system and under the influence of the philosophy of looking at life, but what causes a friendly or competitive relationship with nature, becoming unique or superior to it, has roots in the human psyche that are more primitive and more fundamental than superstructures. In this article, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical way, an attempt has been made to investigate the root of damage to nature, which has caused the formation of ecological criticism. Components such as fear of nature, animism of nature, the existence and presence of the maternal descent system, and finally modernity, each of which has determined the limits, limits, why and how of the relationship and behavior at a specific time, and of course the role and relations of power in this influence and impression can also be is attention Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
472 - Analyzing and Prioritizing Effective Indicators to Modernize Historic Houses in Mashhad City through a Hierarchical Approach
Tina Farahbod Mohsen Tabassi sanaz Saeidi mofrad Vahid AhmadiOne of the challenging issues in countries with a historical background such as Iran is how to properly deal with the valuable heritage of the past, which should be properly passed on to future generations. In the meantime, the architecture and especially the special fu MoreOne of the challenging issues in countries with a historical background such as Iran is how to properly deal with the valuable heritage of the past, which should be properly passed on to future generations. In the meantime, the architecture and especially the special function of traditional houses is much more important than other historical buildings and according to the existing conditions, it requires that by creating special spaces, understanding the relationships between spaces and contemporizing them, suitable and up-to-date uses should be given to the buildings. Therefore, to analyze this issue, the historical houses of Mashhad were selected to answer the research questions with a survey and descriptive-analytical method and collect data in the form of Delphi and questionnaires and use the multi-criteria evaluation method (MCDM) based on the analysis hierarchy process (AHP) and used the Expert Choeis software. The findings of the research show that, in order of importance, recognition of the effect and examination of the spatial condition of the sub-spaces of historical houses in the intervention stage with a weight of 0.302 has been selected as the best component in choosing the option for developing the proposed model and the component of following the written principles of protection according to the restoration charters with a weight of 0.124 ranks third. Compared to other indicators, the 0.015-weighted intervention for tourism industry development was the lowest ranked among the examined indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
473 - accompaniment of religeon and science (practical theology) in solving family challenges
mansoreh HossinieAccompaniment of religion and science (practical theology) in solving family challengesThe aim of the present Thesis is to find solutions for the religious families when facing with the challenges that are created by the Modern World. The important feature of the Modern MoreAccompaniment of religion and science (practical theology) in solving family challengesThe aim of the present Thesis is to find solutions for the religious families when facing with the challenges that are created by the Modern World. The important feature of the Modern Society is rationality and rationalism. Max Weber considers this rationality as instrumental rationality; a rationality that is distrustful of religious traditions and laws in socializing and believing in human self-sufficiency. What we want to know is the way by which a religious person can benefit from the progresses and developments in the modern World within the framework of religion beliefs. Catholics have taken the approach of “practical theology” for this purpose. Practical theology raises theories about human’s relationship with God and his free actions towards God, and discusses the means that God has given to human to achieve that goal; In the Islamic field, ethics and jurisprudence can be introduced with conditions in the area of the practical theology in Islam, and by applying this method, the religious people would be able to overcome the challenges they face in the modern World. There is a philosophical approach applied for these theologies, so there is no escape from rationalizing moral and jurisprudential rules. In this type of theology, we have to use sciences such as medicine, psychology, sociology and other sciences. The advantages of these theologies are included of correcting some fatwas (legal opinions on the Islamic Law), increasing the power of explanation and explaining the rules and ways of realizing religious ideals..Keywords: Practical Theology, Modern Challenges of Family, Jurisprudence, the perpose of religion، Experimental Sciences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
474 - Transition to modernity in contemporary Iranian literature- A Case Study of Sadegh Hedayat and Forough Farrokhzad
Mahmoud Azimie Rasta Hussein Abolhasan Tanhaei Hussein Aghajani MersaAbstract The present study describes the process of transition to modernity in contemporary Iranian literature. To this effect, two contemporary Iranian literature writers namely, Sadeq Hedayat and Forough Farrokhzad were selected. With the application MoreAbstract The present study describes the process of transition to modernity in contemporary Iranian literature. To this effect, two contemporary Iranian literature writers namely, Sadeq Hedayat and Forough Farrokhzad were selected. With the application of the Cognitive Components approach, corresponding components were traced in their works and thoughts and subsequent to comparing and contrasting the results with the development of modernity, the status of thought in contemporary Iran was revealed. The study method was library research and content analysis and the paradigm was based on the interpretive sociological approach. Based on these and the Cognitive approach of Sadeq Hedayat and Forough Farrokhzad and the transition to modernity in Iran, the main question was: What type of style and viewpoint did they possess that influenced the construction, outlook and creativity of their workrs? In the analysis of their major works, the result, based on the Cognitive approach, showed that both of their styles and viewpoints adhered to creative abduction approach and a dialectic process. However, some static viewpoints using the dialectic approach to the subject and object results from their superior educational background affected their outlook on man. While that Sadegh Hedayat conformed to the traditional male-oriented structure which was not useful in forming a distinction between tradition and religion objectivity and separating them with a naturalistic approach, Forough Farrokhzad focused on traditional gender boundaries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
475 - Investigating the human resources management of Maskan Bank with the role of modern government management
Habibullah Fallah Asadollah Mehrara Mojtaba TabariIn view of technological advances, in order to fulfill the will of society and government organizations, they must transform and modernize their structure in accordance with these advances. The purpose of this study is human resource management model based on a new gove MoreIn view of technological advances, in order to fulfill the will of society and government organizations, they must transform and modernize their structure in accordance with these advances. The purpose of this study is human resource management model based on a new government management approach. In the present study, a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) was used to collect data. In the qualitative part, using in-depth, semi-structured interviews and using the opinions of 12 experts, and in the quantitative part, information was collected. The interviews were analyzed using three-step coding method (open coding, axial coding and selective coding). In the qualitative part, the interviews continued until the theoretical saturation was reached, and in the quantitative part, 391 clients of the Housing Bank formed the sample size and completed the questionnaires. Finally, the components of human resource management were formulated and proposed based on the modern government management approach (principle of privatization, principle of decentralization, principle of downsizing, principle of management, decentralization). Also, the present research and identification and development of components and design of human resource management model, our view on human resource management and sustainable development, is a systematic view to promote human capital, which is the main factor in differentiating organizations. Therefore, it is necessary to try to design a human resources model in the housing bank in such a way that by creating a dynamic organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
476 - Examining the coordinates of educational development in the opinions of Mustafa Malekian andSeyyed Javad Tabatabai
fatali hammati kamjo rahmani said asadollah athariThe problem of educational development in Iran has been raised by contemporary thinkers of Iran since modernity, which has continued until now. In fact, the formulation of opinions of Iranian intellectuals has gained meaning with educational development. The central que MoreThe problem of educational development in Iran has been raised by contemporary thinkers of Iran since modernity, which has continued until now. In fact, the formulation of opinions of Iranian intellectuals has gained meaning with educational development. The central question and purpose of this research is that development has manifested indicators in the opinions of late Iranian thinkers, especially in the opinions of Mustafa Malekian and Seyyed Javad Tabatabai Bache. In order to analyze this issue by using discourse analysis, it can be said that the development in the works and attitude of Malikian and Tabatabai with western modernity is meaningful from economic and anthropological dimensions. However, there is a fundamental difference between the goals of development, the way of development, the relationship between religion and development, and democracy and development with Western modernity. It should also be said that Malikian's approach to development is based on human development, spiritualism, moral living and reducing the sufferings of citizens and social democracy, while development in Tabatabai's discourse is based on social secularism, secularism, government authority, tradition as heritage and emphasis on development. Economically conceived. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
477 - Reviewing and analyzing the qualifications of the teaching profession from the perspective of a postmodern approach to provide a model
ehtram ebrahim محمدحسین Heydari Seyed Hashem golestaniThe present study aims to analyze the professional competencies of teachers from the perspective of postmodern approach in order to provide a model for the professional competencies of teachers. This research was carried out with a qualitative approach and using the pro MoreThe present study aims to analyze the professional competencies of teachers from the perspective of postmodern approach in order to provide a model for the professional competencies of teachers. This research was carried out with a qualitative approach and using the process of transcendental analysis in two steps to describe and explain the necessary conditions. The research findings show that postmodernists consider teachers as transformational thinkers instead of placing teachers in a limited and inflexible framework of technical and professional competencies. In this study, the necessary competencies for the teaching profession were examined in three areas: competencies focused on awareness, competencies focused on ability and competencies focused on attitude. Based on Giro's views, the components of professional competence include critique of existing knowledge, creation of new forms of knowledge, deconstruction of texts, attention to the political dimension of teaching, lack of authoritarianism, democratic relations, interaction and cooperation with colleagues and respect for differences. Findings for the second question of the research show that Giro assigns roles to borderline teachers as: professional intellectual, transformational thinker, facilitator of learning process, teaching how to learn and cultural agent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
478 - The epic of inness – Rumi, Ferdowsi and contemporary man
hamidreza dibaei kho esmaeil azar maryam barzegarModernity emerged after the Renaissance and the Enlightenment in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries andinfluenced the life of contemporary man to a large extent. Man today seeks his happiness outside of himself and is oblivious to the world within. The epic within MoreModernity emerged after the Renaissance and the Enlightenment in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries andinfluenced the life of contemporary man to a large extent. Man today seeks his happiness outside of himself and is oblivious to the world within. The epic within or the soul finds a special meaning in the domain of philosophy and religion. Philosophically, soul refers to the body whereas in essence it is independent of the body.Soul is the same thing as the inside, sometimes it belongs to the body and sometimes it has a spiritual sense. From the point of view of religion, soul is the light emanating from the divine light which descends to the human body. The soul can be interpreted as the psyche and the inside, which has put modern man at the crossroads of tradition and modernity causing his bewilderment. Industry instead of providing his comfort, creates more obstacles. This descriptive-analytical study is an attempt to find common grounds related to the human psyche in the epic Poem of Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh and the mystical poem of Rumi's Masnavi to express how contemporary man confronts his long tradition and background with the modern world. In mystical epic texts inside is referred to as the heart, soul, psyche and inner soul. Ferdowsi uses psyche instead of the inside. According to Rumi, contemporary man can create an epic through battle with his self and open a new horizon by traveling from the material world to the spiritual world to find meaning. Ferdowsi, on the other hand, considers the human psyche as a means of man’s wisdom and happiness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
479 - Modernism in the poetry of Neo-classical Egyptian Poets
Mahmoud Shakib Abdulahad GheibiThe Egyptian Neoclassic poets were the first poets who could save poetry from the calamities befallen them during the age of decadence and put it back on the right course once more. In this article attempt is made to analyze the poetry of three well known Neoclassic poe MoreThe Egyptian Neoclassic poets were the first poets who could save poetry from the calamities befallen them during the age of decadence and put it back on the right course once more. In this article attempt is made to analyze the poetry of three well known Neoclassic poets, namely, Baroudi, Shawqi, and Hafez Ibrahim. Traces of modernism is more evident in their works than their contemporaries. While using the classical Arabic system of meter and rhyme, and also forms, the poets wrote to express new ideas and feelings unknown to the classicists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
480 - Investigation of Reformism and Modernism from Farrokhi’s standpoint (1267-1318)
Mahmood Sadegh zadehThe concept of Reformation and modernism is one of the main, wide scope and diverse subjects in constitutional period and intellectuals and constitutionalists each had a certain impression of it which later caused conflicts and created many historical, cultural and poli MoreThe concept of Reformation and modernism is one of the main, wide scope and diverse subjects in constitutional period and intellectuals and constitutionalists each had a certain impression of it which later caused conflicts and created many historical, cultural and political problems. Farrokhi Yazdi, considering his political tendencies and his thoughts and his harsh critical style, seriously believed in fundamental reform, revival of ideas and acquisition of western science and technology and in his political fights this has been his constant preoccupation. Thus, the most frequent subject matter in his editorials was concerned with direct criticism against the dogmatic regime, and flimsy parliament, also reform, idealism, and modernism. As yet not a single research has been done on this aspect. Attempt is made in this article to criticize and investigate Farrokhi’s viewpoints on Reformation and Modernism based on the result of reviewing and analysis of newspapers, editorials, and his poetry from the following perspectives: A- Obstacles and problems on a way to Constitutionalism, Revolutionary Reforms B- Necessity for Revolutionary Reforms and influential factors involved C- Modern Approaches and acquisition of western science and technology Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
481 - Post Modernism in Iran’s contemporary fiction (The study of post modernist features in Hooshang Golshiri’s works)
Siavoush GolshiriAlthough the term postmodernism is repeatedly used by the writers and even critics in Iran however due to the unfamiliarity as to its true origins, principles and features of this literary genre, believing in such a movement in fiction in this country is always discerni MoreAlthough the term postmodernism is repeatedly used by the writers and even critics in Iran however due to the unfamiliarity as to its true origins, principles and features of this literary genre, believing in such a movement in fiction in this country is always discernible. As to descry certain features as a basis according to which one can determine whether a work is postmodern or not and whether those features were adopted merely as a universal model together with the question whether these texts to the same measure that they are deconstructive, do they remain fiddle to the endemic possibilities of Farsi language and its past, are among the main questions this research and analysis is aimed at answering. The following works of Hooshang Golshiri short stories such as ”the night of doubt’, “A man with a red tie”, “A picture for my empty frame”, “The first innocent”, and “the garden’s prisoners” and long stories and novels like “Prince Ehtejab”,“Christian and Kayd”, and “ the mirrors with doors” were selected for this purpose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
482 - On Recitation of Moulana Jalal al-Din Mohammad Balkhi’s works in the West
Mohammad Jafar MahallatiThis article is an attempt to present a brief report regarding new poetry recitation of Moulana’s works in the west. These recitations which are on the increase both quantitatively and qualitatively often lead to insights and visions which are quite new to e MoreThis article is an attempt to present a brief report regarding new poetry recitation of Moulana’s works in the west. These recitations which are on the increase both quantitatively and qualitatively often lead to insights and visions which are quite new to eastern readers and Farsi speakers. In Parts, this article is devoted to the manner in which the popularity of the name Rumi in modern life of the western world was gained andhow fast Moulana has reachedsuch new heights of popularity is further revealed to the reader along with providing references. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
483 - Moulana’s message to the world today and to the contemporary man
hosain gharibThe key difference between the world today and the past era could be sought in the quality of rationality and type of rationalism. Modern rationality with its potentials and capabilities has certain drawbacks which require extensive reconsiderations. Since Moulana MoreThe key difference between the world today and the past era could be sought in the quality of rationality and type of rationalism. Modern rationality with its potentials and capabilities has certain drawbacks which require extensive reconsiderations. Since Moulana has profound innovative and critical perspective about rationality, in this article inspired by his grand thoughts, debates over rationalism are attended to in order to clarify the shortcomings of this modern approach in the present world. The article seeks answers to two fundamental questions: What are the efficient ways of acquiring knowledge? What would be the likely outcome of such efficient rationalizations? In response to the first question, the main criteria for yielding the highest expected utility of the faculty of intellect such as learning and the interrelationship of reason and heart are each attended to and analyzed from different aspects. The answer to the second question involves finding the origin of the close association of knowledge and rationality with ability and strength. The latter are the main outcome of employing reason efficiently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
484 - Moulana and Minimalism (Study of Minimalistic stories in Divan Shams)
Ramin Sadeghi NejadRegarding literary theory and criticism, it is customary to believe that one can only apply them to contemporary texts. However criticism is a scientific tool and every text, whether classic or contemporary, from the modern perspective is prone to criticism and ex MoreRegarding literary theory and criticism, it is customary to believe that one can only apply them to contemporary texts. However criticism is a scientific tool and every text, whether classic or contemporary, from the modern perspective is prone to criticism and examination. One of the literary genres which has undergone significant changes over the recent years is the short story and a new offshoot of storytelling which becomes shorter and more concise each day is termed minimalism and as the name suggests in Farsi it is named and . They both share common characteristics. In rich classic Persian literature whether in prose or poetry, there are numerous anecdotes and stories which in many respects fall into the category of minimalistic stories. The present article is an attempt to present and examine examples of such stories fromMoulana’s Divan Kabir. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
485 - Analysis of Approaches of Theory of Post-post Modernism Criminology
Vahid Zarei Sharif Maryam PoorbaghiPost-post Modernism Criminology or Trans Modernism Criminology surveys the effective factors in crime occurrence depends on the expanded theoretical subjects from Modernism Criminology meditation following Post Modernism Criminology with criticism from criminological ap MorePost-post Modernism Criminology or Trans Modernism Criminology surveys the effective factors in crime occurrence depends on the expanded theoretical subjects from Modernism Criminology meditation following Post Modernism Criminology with criticism from criminological approaches of Modernism and Post Modernism as the end of Modernism meditation. In this research, we follow to find the response of this question that how are the approaches of Post-post Modernism Movement of thought in dealing with the phenomena of crime, criminalization and discovering the causes of crime occurrence? even the answer to other question based on that whether Post-post Modernism Criminology in preventing from crime and correction of an offender besides criticism to Modernism and Post Modernism Criminology, access its critical objects? This research with analytical and descriptive method, has surveyed the old theories of criminologists and data of valid scientific internal and external law articles and has searched the obstacle criminalization, intentional crime, two-dimensional absolutism, objectivism, religionist, alienation and rationalism are principal factors of Post-post Modernism Criminology in contrast with essentialism, unaware mind of Trans Modern offender, rationalism, mentalism, nihilism, self-depended reason and formalism are fundamental elements of Modernism and Post Modernism Criminology, besides the comparative study of mentioned measures determines the relative success of Trans Modernism Criminology in achievement of critical purposes. Furthermore, the necessity of perception in approaches Post-post Modernism Criminology about solving legal vacuum and determining judges’ liberties in the status of legislation or interpretation of law, adjudicate or implementation of verdict in criminal courts that has dominant role in assumption of preventive or punitive dispositions in opposition with criminal phenomena. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
486 - Reconstruction of Identity in Modern Iranian Fiction
Fatemeh PourjafariAbstract Studying modern Iranian fiction demonstrates a gradual shift in gender identity formation. This transition includes the multiple perspectives towards the female by the male characters, dangling between their comprehension of women as either angels or witches. MoreAbstract Studying modern Iranian fiction demonstrates a gradual shift in gender identity formation. This transition includes the multiple perspectives towards the female by the male characters, dangling between their comprehension of women as either angels or witches. The emergence of womanly-men and manly-women literary characters is a sign of a gradual refusal of the conventional gender roles during the last decades. This study aims to develop a new perspective on reading modern Persian fiction regarding the issue of gender and identity, based on Judith Butler’s theory of the performativity of identity.Classical Persian literature, dominated by masculine myths, considered mobility and assertiveness as the natural, featuring characteristic for males. The image of women in these works is usually associated with enclosure and domesticity and those women are appreciated who show modesty and purity of manner. This study aims to develop a new perspective on reading modern Persian fiction concerning the issue of gender and identity. The significance of the present research lies in its attempt to change the stereotyped image that the West has of Iranian Muslim women and their social reality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
487 - Families of Fuzzy Sets and Lattice Isomorphisms Preparation
John Mordeson Sunil MathewIn this paper, we discuss how theoretical results from one family of fuzzy sets can be carried over immediately to another family of fuzzy sets by the use of lattice isomorphisms. We also show that these families can occur naturally and that applications may not necessa MoreIn this paper, we discuss how theoretical results from one family of fuzzy sets can be carried over immediately to another family of fuzzy sets by the use of lattice isomorphisms. We also show that these families can occur naturally and that applications may not necessarily be carried over using these isomorphisms. We illustrate this using techniques from the study of human trafficking and its analysis using mathematics of uncertainty. We also consider the new definition of fuzzy set provided by Trillas and de Soto. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
488 - Ideology of the first Pahlavi government and its constituent components
Afsaneh Igder hamed Ameri-Golestani hosein karemefard Sara NajafpourThe Pahlavi government arose from the historical and political conditions of post-constitutional Iran. A period in which, despite the optimism for the establishment of a law-abiding and national and of course powerful government, due to the conditions imposed on Iran fr MoreThe Pahlavi government arose from the historical and political conditions of post-constitutional Iran. A period in which, despite the optimism for the establishment of a law-abiding and national and of course powerful government, due to the conditions imposed on Iran from inside and outside, an important part of its ideals failed. Until the emergence of the new government, which was expected several years before the coup d'état of 1299, the intellectual and political grounds were provided, which later became the ideology of the future government in a specific formulation. In order to understand this ideology, this research raises the following question: What are the main components of the ideology of the government in the first Pahlavi period and how do they shape this ideology? Considering the existing situation at that time, there were four components that received special attention at this time, which were: "statism", "authoritarianism", "modernism", "nationalism". Statism was the main component of this ideology that created the all-encompassing institution of the modern Pahlavi state, which caused a fundamental difference in the form and function and even the content of the state compared to the past. The other three components were also linked to "statism" and somehow under its control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
489 - Investigating the modernist activities of the first Pahlavi era in the Turkmen region of the Sahara
Ahmad Sardarzadeh amir akbari rajabali vosoghiTurkmen Sahra is a region in the west of Golestan province, which is located on the southeast coast of the Caspian Sea and in a wide plain called Gorgan Plain, adjacent to the Gamishan wetland. Turkmen Sahara currently includes 2 cities named Bandar Turkmen and Gamishan MoreTurkmen Sahra is a region in the west of Golestan province, which is located on the southeast coast of the Caspian Sea and in a wide plain called Gorgan Plain, adjacent to the Gamishan wetland. Turkmen Sahara currently includes 2 cities named Bandar Turkmen and Gamishan. The previous name of Bandar Turkmen was Bandar Shah, which was removed from the Gorgan subdivision in 1358 in terms of political divisions and became an independent city with the same name, and Gomishan, with the center of Gomish Tepe, is located in the north of this desert. Reza Shah's policies of modernization and modernization and as a result objectification of municipal law in Turkmen Sahara like other regions of the country along with the establishment and construction of ports and railways and the many traffics resulting from it, in addition to changing the appearance in the field of urban planning and creating It also established deep social infrastructures, changes and transformations and caused visible changes in the cultural and traditional structure of the people of this land, which included the discussion of converting old schools into new schools and changing the way of education. In this article, the modernist actions of the first Pahlavi and the goals of Reza Shah from these actions, the main of which was changing the traditional culture and restricting the Turkmen people, are analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
490 - Society at the Crossroads: Tradition, Modernity, and Urbanization in Asghar Farhadi's The salesman and Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman; A Virilian Analysis
Seyehedeh Keyhaneh Kafshchi Roohollah Reesi Sistani Hassan ShahabiThis article offers a comparative analysis of the societal implications stemming from postmodern urbanization. It employs Asghar Farhadi's The salesman and Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman as dual narrative prisms, grounded in Paul Virilio's theoretical paradigm. MoreThis article offers a comparative analysis of the societal implications stemming from postmodern urbanization. It employs Asghar Farhadi's The salesman and Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman as dual narrative prisms, grounded in Paul Virilio's theoretical paradigm. The study intricately examines the interplay of technology, culture, and societal dynamics within evolving urban landscapes. Meticulously exploring this terrain, it uncovers the nuanced tension between tradition and modernity, shedding light on the erosion of traditional values in rapidly modernizing cities like Tehran and New York. Characters' responses lay bare the dissolution of familial bonds and shifting social roles, reflecting broader urban trends. Through the lens of Virilio's "critical space" concept, the investigation reveals the transformation of urban environments into "cities of the beyond," marked by a swift influx of information and communication technologies. Additionally, the research underscores the pivotal role of cultural production, spanning literature, art, and film, in revealing societal perspectives on postmodern urbanization. By dissecting the reverberations of these shifts, the study offers invaluable insights into potential policy interventions that promote sustainable, equitable, and innovative urban progress. This article provides a comprehensive perspective on the multifaceted repercussions of postmodern urbanization, adeptly bridging literary works, theoretical constructs, and real-world societal dynamics. The urgency of comprehending the consequences of technology-driven urbanization resonates within Iran's post-war context and extends globally. The findings illuminate the intricate process of reconciling tradition with modernity, serving as a foundational basis for interdisciplinary research aimed at forging more inclusive and sustainable urban landscapes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
491 - Dialectics of Tradition and Modernity in Iranian Political Literature; A Comparative Study of Two Stories "Farsi Shekar ast" and "Rajole Siasi"
Somayyeh AliAkbarzadeh Mandana Alimi Ali fallahMohammad Ali Jamalzadeh Esfahani is one of the famous writers who has always criticized Iran's political situation in his works with humor. In this article, the authors try to use the comparative method of Jamalzadeh's two works with the titles "Farsi Shekar ast" and "R MoreMohammad Ali Jamalzadeh Esfahani is one of the famous writers who has always criticized Iran's political situation in his works with humor. In this article, the authors try to use the comparative method of Jamalzadeh's two works with the titles "Farsi Shekar ast" and "Rajale Siasi" by using political satire and answer this main question: "How and in what concepts have categorized the conflict between tradition and modernity by Jamalzadeh in the two stories of the Farsi Shekar ast and Rajole Siasi?" The hypothesis of the article emphasizes that these two works of Jamalzadeh are mainly based on humor and critical discourse, with the aim of correcting the chaotic political, social, and cultural situation of his society. The findings showed that Jamalzadeh's story "Farsi Shekar ast" has four macro institutional concepts of tyranny and corruption; the politicization of Iranian society shows the deep class divide and the dialectic of imported culture and traditional identity. But in the story of "Rajole Siasi", Jamalzadeh examines the society of Iran in certain times and conditions and refers to the fate of the people falling into the hands of those who have no expertise at all. In this regard, politics as wealth and prosperity, lack of meritocracy, political vulgarization, lack of understanding of political issues and lack of expertise, instability of the masses in the form of "political atmosphere, political encouragement and false heroization and political lobbying are the most important things that Jamalzadeh mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
492 - Examining the Dual Postmodernism Indicators in the Novel "Hast Ya
Soheila Asadi hesam ziaee hossein Mansoorian SorkhgaryehPostmodernism is the third period in the history of human thought. In this period, which spans the end of the 19th century to today, the creation of reality replaces the discovery of reality. Many contemporary story writers in Iran have also written this story style u MorePostmodernism is the third period in the history of human thought. In this period, which spans the end of the 19th century to today, the creation of reality replaces the discovery of reality. Many contemporary story writers in Iran have also written this story style under the influence of the works of the postmodern writers of the West. One of these writers is Sara Salar, who introduced her art as a post-modern writer in the novel "Hast Ya Nist" with elements such as denial of truth, skepticism, uncertainty, contradiction, giving originality to the reader's mind and passing the time while listing the postmodern elements in the novel or not. This research tries to provide a reasoned answer to this question:" Which postmodern elements did Sara Salar use more in this novel?" And what is her place among postmodern storytellers? In this research, the authors specifically defined the characteristics of postmodern stories and their categories using the analytical descriptive method, and the findings of the study showed that the change of perspective and uncertainty are the most important features of postmodernism in this novel. Manuscript profile
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