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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating the Effects of Dam Failure in the Downstream Lands Case Study: (Tangab Dam Of Firozabad)
ALIREZA غلامیGHOLAMI EHSAN SOHRABI SHEKOFTIIntroduction: The safety management of dams and structures in the first step requires the evaluation of the actual conditions in the rivers. In Iran, due to being located in a dry and semi-arid climate, special attention has been paid to dam construction in economic dev MoreIntroduction: The safety management of dams and structures in the first step requires the evaluation of the actual conditions in the rivers. In Iran, due to being located in a dry and semi-arid climate, special attention has been paid to dam construction in economic development programs. Therefore, it is necessary to consider safety issues and points before building dams. The purpose of this research is to determine the flood trends caused by the dam failure and also the zoning of the flood caused by the failure in the downstream of the dam. Materials and Methods: This research is located in Tangab dam, 13 kilometers northwest of Firozabad city (Kwar-Firoozabad route), which is located on the Firozabad river. This river is the most important branch of Mond river.. In order to carry out this research, firstly, the studies related to the determination of the dam failure parameter, the determination of the failure shape and the time required to create the failure sections, and then the calculations of the flood discharge and the total discharge using 4 experimental methods including Crick-Patrick, America's water and soil protection, reclamation The lands of America, Singh and Storason were done and the results were modeled with HEC-RAS software. Results and Discussion: Based on the results obtained from the estimation of the flood discharge resulting from the dam failure based on the mentioned 4 experimental methods, it was found that the estimated discharge based on the two water and soil protection methods and the creek method was very close (30309 and 30270 cubic meters per second) to So that the difference in this amount is very small. This difference in flood trends and zoning is also very small. The amount of land under flood in both methods is 140 hectares of agricultural lands, 0.5 hectares of industrial lands and 90 hectares of lands in the river area. In the method of Singh and Storason, compared to the other three methods, it shows a lower discharge, according to this method, 133 hectares of agricultural lands are under flood and 84 hectares are in industrial areas. According to this method, industrial lands are not flooded. In the American land reclamation method, compared to the other three methods, it shows a larger discharge equal to 33914 cubic meters per second, as a result of which 161 hectares of agricultural lands, 1 hectare of industrial lands and 100 hectares in the river are flooded. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the American land reclamation method is better than the other mentioned methods because it has estimated more flow in flood calculation. An important result of flood zoning resulting from the breaking of Tangab dam is that the urban area of Firozabad is safe from this flood and the villages are not flooded as far as the studied area is concerned. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the result of the possible failure of the dam, based on this research, the flood caused by the failure of the dam, except for 1 hectare of the industrial sector, which is a very small area, will cause damage only to agricultural lands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Evaluation of the effects of constructed rehabilitation dams on maximum and volume of watershed discharge
Reza Ghazavi Ebrahim OmidvarIn this study, the hydrological processes of Khaveh Watershed located in Markazi province, Iran were simulated and the effect of check dams on floods in this basin was evaluated. To assess the impact of watershed management structures on floods, flood volume and peak di MoreIn this study, the hydrological processes of Khaveh Watershed located in Markazi province, Iran were simulated and the effect of check dams on floods in this basin was evaluated. To assess the impact of watershed management structures on floods, flood volume and peak discharge with different return periods were calculated. In order to estimate the irrigation rate of Khaveh Watershed, in this study, the method of Justin was studied. Then, flooding situation of Khaveh Watershed was simulated using HEC-HMS model. For this purpose, the flood hydrographs resulting from the design storms with different return periods in the pre- and post-construction states of watershed management structures were compared with each other. The results showed that the constructed dams clearly reduced the peak discharge and flood volume of the region. Based on the results, the construction of corrective structures has reduced the peak flow, increased the base time of the hydrograph and increased the time to the peak of the hydrograph in different return periods. For the 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100-year return periods, the peak is 0.6 to 3.3, 4.9 to 2.7, 9.4 to 1.5, and 6, hours respectively. Discharge decreased to 0.8 and 22.4 to 12.4 cubic meters per second. Also, the base time of the hydrograph for the mentioned return periods increased from 6.8 to 11.2, 9.3 to 0.16, 2/10 to 17.5, 5/10 hours to 18.5 and 10.10 to 29.3 hours. The latency in time-to-peak for hydrographs due to the construction of structures was approximately 3.5 h. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Frequency analysis of floods with joint functions, case study: Zayandehrood Dam
Fatemeh Valaei Esfahani Zahra Valaei Esfahani Mehran IranpourAnalyzing the frequency of floods and knowing the probability of occurrence and return period of this phenomenon is important in how to exploit the reservoir. This phenomenon is inherently multivariate and the use of classical multivariate functions to analyze this phen MoreAnalyzing the frequency of floods and knowing the probability of occurrence and return period of this phenomenon is important in how to exploit the reservoir. This phenomenon is inherently multivariate and the use of classical multivariate functions to analyze this phenomenon is limited. Therefore, it is recommended to use copula functions for multivariate flood frequency analysis. These functions combine the distribution function of the univariate distribution function by considering the type of correlation of the variables. For frequency of this phenomenon, the variables of peak discharge, volume and duration of flood are used. This study was conducted on statistical data of Zayandehrood dam. Based on goodness of fit criteria, the best function is fitted to the each of the variables. The correlation of each pair of variables is calculated and the copula function is selected based on the Akaike, NSE, and RMSE criteria. After that, the obtained univariate and combined return periods have been displayed. These results can be used to estimate the risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Reviewing methods of analysis and evaluation of seismic safety of arched concrete dams
Mohammadreza Fedai-Tehrani Elham YbarehpourArched concrete dams are three-dimensional structures that, in terms of their special shape resembling a huge shell, transfer the water pressure from the tank to their stone supports. Besides the forces of weight, hydrostatic pressure and thermal stresses, another signi MoreArched concrete dams are three-dimensional structures that, in terms of their special shape resembling a huge shell, transfer the water pressure from the tank to their stone supports. Besides the forces of weight, hydrostatic pressure and thermal stresses, another significant force that the dam's structural system must withstand is the dynamic forces generated by earthquakes. In such dams, there is a possibility of non-linear behavior due to the change in the location of the two faces of the contraction joints, cracking, corrosion, or non-linear behavior of the concrete of the dam body depending on the intensity of the earthquake. Dynamic analysis of time history, assuming that the dam body is an integrated structure with elastic behavior, usually leads to the creation of significant tensile arch stresses in the upper levels of the dam, which is not in accordance with reality. Since the arch dams are built as ridge blocks, due to the opening and closing of the contraction joints during the earthquake, the released tensile stresses and internal forces are redistributed from the arch performance mode to the ridge performance. As a result, by reducing the level of tensile stresses and energy consumption as a result of joint closure, the risk of concrete cracking and dam destruction is greatly reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The effect of drought stress on proline accumulation, soluble carbohydrate amounts and ionic sodium and potassium content changes in different white bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) genotype
masud zade bageriTo assess some of the physiological changes, an experiment in the form of split plots and complete randomized blocks was performed in three replications in the research fields of the Islamic Azad university of Shiraz. The firs factor was irrigation level (normal and dro MoreTo assess some of the physiological changes, an experiment in the form of split plots and complete randomized blocks was performed in three replications in the research fields of the Islamic Azad university of Shiraz. The firs factor was irrigation level (normal and drought stress) and the second factor included white bean genotypes, (Daneshkadeh shekoofa and G11867), which were categorized as sensitive, semi-tolerant and tolerant dehiscent based on morphological indices. Samples were taken in the 50% flowering stage and the amounts of soluble glucose, proline content, sodium and potassium were measured. The results of the experiment showed that the soluble solution density, proline content and potassium ion increased under stress and the amount of sodium ion decreased. The G11867 dehiscent genotype had the highest amount of soluble glucose and sodium ion. The Daneshkadeh sensitive genotype had the highest amount of potassium ion and proline content. The results indicated that the accumulation of excess potassium and proline content in beans under drought stress can create a kind of adaptation for the plant against drought and help production under these conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Dihghāns and Islamic Conquests
شهرام امیریAs the representatives of the social middle class in Iran before Islam,Dihghāns had an active role in the inner changes of the society;particularly in Sassanid era that they were a joining link betweencentral government, Arian aristocrats, Zoroastrian priests, and peopl MoreAs the representatives of the social middle class in Iran before Islam,Dihghāns had an active role in the inner changes of the society;particularly in Sassanid era that they were a joining link betweencentral government, Arian aristocrats, Zoroastrian priests, and people.From the beginning of Islamic conquests and then during the first andsecond centuries after Hijra, their role became more prominent as theyconducted most of the economical and social changes in Islamic Iran,and protected the old Iranian culture and transmitted it to nextgenerations. This role is investigated in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - -The Role of the Kalb Tribe in the Political Crises of the Umayyad Period: The Transfer of Power from the Sufyānī Branch and Its Consolidation in the Marwāni Branch (683-705), Emphasizing the Role of the Baḥdal and the Abū Umamah Family
mehran Esmaili Meisam HabibikianThe Umayyads were rulers with Arab inclinations. During this period, the Arab tribes played an important role in governmental and military affairs, especially in the conquests. The relations of the Arab tribes with the the Umayyads were not on the same level. The tribe MoreThe Umayyads were rulers with Arab inclinations. During this period, the Arab tribes played an important role in governmental and military affairs, especially in the conquests. The relations of the Arab tribes with the the Umayyads were not on the same level. The tribe of Kalb, the tribe descended from the Al-Ḳuḍa’a, was one that had close relations with the Umayyad rulers, especially the Sufyānī branch. Kalb tribe had a long history of living in the deserts of Syria and a large population, which led to Mu’āwīyah marrying a Kalbi woman in order to gain the support of this tribe. The mother of Yazīd, Muāwīyah's successor, was a Kalbi woman, which led to the rise of the Kalb's political position. This article seeks to look at the role of the Kalb tribe in the period of Instability and crises that occurred after the death of Muāwīyah II, until the end of the rule of ‘Abd al-Malik by focusing on the Baḥdal and Abū-Umāmah families of the Banu Hāritha bin Janāb clan of the Kalb tribe. The results obtained show that these two families reached the highest levels of military administration during the period of Yazīd bin Muāwīyah and in the period of crisis, and despite the fall of four of the five region (Jund) in Syria in the hands of the forces belonging to al-Zubayr, they were able to manage the situation and lead the forces loyal to the Umayyads and bring them back to power. At this point, the Kalb tribe and its leaders from the Banu Hāritha bin Janāb clan, particularly the Baḥdal family, played a crucial role. During the reign of ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Marwān (685-705), this tribe also played an influential role in suppressing various uprisings in the Syria, Jazira, Irāq and Persia. During this period, the Baḥdal family's role gradually diminished, but the Abu-Umāma family had the upper hand in stabilizing the government leading Shāmi forces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Mentalities of Muslim Geographers about The Wonders of the World (Third to the Seventh Centuries of Hegira): A Study on The Ancient Area of Egyptian Pyramids
negar Zeilabi zahra MahshariGeographical texts of the Muslim world in the medieval period presented the diverse data and readings of Wonders of the World. Rather than serving as objective accounts pertaining to the reality, the data are indicative of the mentalities of the authors’ MoreGeographical texts of the Muslim world in the medieval period presented the diverse data and readings of Wonders of the World. Rather than serving as objective accounts pertaining to the reality, the data are indicative of the mentalities of the authors’ contemporaneous societal and cultural discourses. The main question addressed here is what mentalities Muslim geographers- from the third/ninth to the seventh/thirteenth century- held about the Pyramids and thereabouts, including Sphinx of Giza. Can we find any instances of scientific investigation or anthropological exploration in their discourse? Are the ideas of those Muslim scholars reflecting the popular narratives and folktales among the commoners? Content analysis serves as the model of this study. First, the data contained in the most important geographical sources about the subject is descriptively explored. Then, history of mentalities is applied in order to inquire, process, and analyse the data. The findings suggest that the mentalities prevailing among the commoners, such as the magical characters to depictions and statues in these historical constructs, has the upper hand over other interpretations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Indicator of $S$-Hausdorff metric spaces and coupled strong fixed point theorems for pairwise contraction maps
Ghorban Khalilzadeh Ranjbar Mohammad Esmael SameiIn the study of fixed points of an operator it is useful to consider a more general concept, namely coupled fixed point. Edit In this paper, by using notion partial metric, we introduce a metric space $S$-Hausdorff on the set of all close and bounded subset of $X$. Then MoreIn the study of fixed points of an operator it is useful to consider a more general concept, namely coupled fixed point. Edit In this paper, by using notion partial metric, we introduce a metric space $S$-Hausdorff on the set of all close and bounded subset of $X$. Then the fixed point results of multivalued continuous and surjective mappings are presented. Furthermore, we give a positive result on the Nadler contraction theorem for multivalued mappings in this space. In the following, by expressing pseudo-Banach-type pairs of mappings, we study the conditions for the existence of a unique coupled strong fixed point in these mappings. Pseudo-Chatterjae mapping $F:X \times X\to X$ satisfies in \[d\left( F(x, y), F(u, v) \right) \leq k \max \left\{ d\left( x, F(u, v)\right), d\left( F(x, y), u\right) \right\}, \] where $x, v \in A$, $y, u \in B$ and $0 < k < \frac{1}{2}$. Also, We define some quasi-Banach and Pseudo-Chatterjae contraction inequalities. In addition, we will prove theorems about coupled fixed points. Finally, several examples are presented to understand the our results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Extension of Carleman's inequality by means of infinite lower triangular matrices
Gholamreza Talebi Ali Ebrahimi MeymandLet H_μ=(h_(n,k) )_(n,k≥0) be the Hausdorff matrix associated with the probability measure . Graham Bennett in 1996 established the following extension of Carleman's inequality[sumlimits_{n = 0}^infty {prodlimits_{k = 0}^n {{{left| {{x_k}} right|}^{{h_{n,k}}}}} } MoreLet H_μ=(h_(n,k) )_(n,k≥0) be the Hausdorff matrix associated with the probability measure . Graham Bennett in 1996 established the following extension of Carleman's inequality[sumlimits_{n = 0}^infty {prodlimits_{k = 0}^n {{{left| {{x_k}} right|}^{{h_{n,k}}}}} } le {e^{int_0^1 {|log theta |dmu (theta )} }}sumlimits_{n = 0}^infty {left| {{x_n}} right|} .,,,,,,,(1)]In this paper we show that the Hausdorff matrix in (1) can be replaced by any lower triangular matrix [A = {left( {{a_{n,k}}} right)_{n,k ge 0}}]for which the sum of each rows is one, provided that the constant in the right hand side, be replaced by[left( {mathop {inf }limits_{p > 1} left| A right|_p^p} right)]. . . . . . . . . As a consequence, we apply our results to Norlund matrices and weighted mean matrices to establish some new inequalities. Further, we show that being equal to 1 is an essential condition for the rows sum of A. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Ranking and interpretive structural modeling of sustainable and innovative business factors of dam tourist resorts in Khuzestan province (case study of Maron dam tourist resort)
mohamad amin izadjoo maryam darvishi Mohammad Hemati Ghanbar AmirnejadIntroduction: The purpose of this research is to rank and model the interpretive structure of sustainable and innovative business factors of dam tourist resorts in Khuzestan province, a case study of the Maroon Dam tourist resort. This issue contributes to the existing MoreIntroduction: The purpose of this research is to rank and model the interpretive structure of sustainable and innovative business factors of dam tourist resorts in Khuzestan province, a case study of the Maroon Dam tourist resort. This issue contributes to the existing literature by examining how business model innovation may contribute to sustainability in the specific context of tourism and hospitality. Research method: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed (quantitative) in terms of type of research. First, effective factors were extracted by literature review, content analysis and related researches. Then, FAHP and ISM techniques were used to verify the model extracted from the qualitative part, and based on the opinions of academic and executive experts, the relationships between various factors were determined and analyzed. It is the background. Findings: Based on these findings, the dimensions of a sustainable and innovative business model for dams tourist accommodation in Khuzestan province include customer orientation, communication mix, revenue generation, value creation, key activities, key resources, stakeholder management, key partners, costing, Sustainability, social responsibility and innovation were identified and confirmed. Conclusion: This study shows that sustainable and innovative business factors can increase the business efficiency of tourist accommodations and, in addition, meet the expectations of tourists and become more sustainable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Subjection of Jurisprudential Rulings to Interests and Harms
Hossein AhmariThe following of religious commandments after prudence andcorruptions. The prudence means a beneficial issue which producesspiritual or material advantage which is the opposite point tocorruption. Inreletionwiththe followingofreligious commandmentsofter prudencethere ar MoreThe following of religious commandments after prudence andcorruptions. The prudence means a beneficial issue which producesspiritual or material advantage which is the opposite point tocorruption. Inreletionwiththe followingofreligious commandmentsofter prudencethere are two major principlesA- The thought of denial which is attributed to Eshaere whobelieve that no prudence or corruption etists inherently in the matterwhich is followed by the religious commandments, but thecommand or for bidding of the leg is lator produces prudence orcorruption in the actions.B-The thought of proving which is sometimes attributed to all therationalists or some of the most famous of them , believe that divinecommandments.Follow prudence and corruptions which already have produced inthe actions, although not understandable for us. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - مطالعه پارامترهای کیفی آب و بررسی روابط آن با جوامع فیتوپلانکتونی و کلروفیل a در دریاچه سد کارون چهار
سید عبدالمجید موسوی -
Open Access Article
14 - خصوصیات کیفی آب و بررسی روابط آن با جوامع فیتوپلانکتونی و کلروفیل a در دریاچه سد کارون چهار (استان چهارمحال و بختیاری)
سید عبدالمجید موسوی* -
Open Access Article
15 - Comparison of the Viewpoints of Social and Political Scholars and Intellectuals and Population of Kurdistan on Fair Distribution of Opportunities and Amenities during 2017-2018
Foad mohmmadi Saifollah Saifollahi sayedmohammad sayedmirzaiiThe purpose of this study is comparison of the viewpoints of social and political scholars and intellectuals and population of Kurdistan on fair distribution of opportunities and amenities during 2017-2018. The method used in this research was documentary, surveying, an MoreThe purpose of this study is comparison of the viewpoints of social and political scholars and intellectuals and population of Kurdistan on fair distribution of opportunities and amenities during 2017-2018. The method used in this research was documentary, surveying, and Delphi. In this study there are two statistical populations. The first was all the male and female citizens of Kurdistan province aged 20 through 60 years of age. The second population was the informed, critics, and university professors of Kurdistan. This research utilized two different sampling methods. In Delphi, the targeted sampling, and in surveying, due to the extension and incongruent statistical population the cluster samplings were used. The results of the Delphi method showed that most of the major managerial positions in Iran are monopolistic and are dedicated to certain groups. The investment is Kurdistan is low the government has done nothing in this regard. In addition, the top opportunities and situations are dedicated to certain individuals. The qualitative results showed that the elites' variables of inaccessibility of power, lack of investments in the province, social blockage and unfair opportunities for governmental positions has had a meaningful impact on the fair distribution of opportunities and amenities in the province. These variables altogether have explained 28% of the changes, i.e. nearly half of the inequality of opportunities and amenities in Kurdistan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Prioritizing watershed for gabion check dams building by spatial multi-criteria analysis (SMCE), in Hasanrobat Esfahan
Ali Akbar Jamali Abolfazl Rahimabadi Nasim Zerang Arash RahmatianThe watershed of Hassanrobat which is located in Meimeh in Isfahan province, is studied in current research in order to construct Gabion Dams. Experts suggest the location of dams' in water channels based on economical reasons as a priority for locating dam. Spatial Mul MoreThe watershed of Hassanrobat which is located in Meimeh in Isfahan province, is studied in current research in order to construct Gabion Dams. Experts suggest the location of dams' in water channels based on economical reasons as a priority for locating dam. Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation is employed to determine critical position of the dam in watershed area. All the maps of key factors divided into two groups and were entered the SMCE as limitation factors. Therefore it is needed to standardize the factors such as slope and rainfall with fuzzy model. However, other ones (vegetation, roads, villages, springs and wells) standardized by Cast method. The two remaining maps: land use and geology standardized based on experts suggestion. Eventually, weighted the factors of first group while, the second group are weighted by hierarchy in order to product of the final map that show the priorities to construct Gabion dams in the region. Obviously, natural factors affect the final choice as well as economy of the region. This study proposes mentioned location to related planners since soil erosion would significantly decrease after dam constructed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Analysis of Landscape Structure and Land Use Changes as an Ecological Approach to Acheive the Sustainable Regional Planning (case study: Latian Dam Watershed)
Banafsheh Shafie Homa Irani Behbahani Amir Hossein Javid Hassan Darabi Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi,Landscape changes occur by natural trends or disturbing events. The current study evaluated the landscape structure changes of Latian Dam watershed by means of landscape metrics to achieve the ecological approach in order to formulate sustainable regional development an MoreLandscape changes occur by natural trends or disturbing events. The current study evaluated the landscape structure changes of Latian Dam watershed by means of landscape metrics to achieve the ecological approach in order to formulate sustainable regional development and planning for area of the study. Land use changes were identified using four time-series atmospherically-corrected surface reflectance Landsat images from 1987 to 2017.Then,7 metrics in landscape level and 8 metrics in class level were chosen to quantification the landscape structure by Fragstats 4.2 software, in order to analyze the landscape changes. The results and analysis show the increase in NP and IJI, and the decrease of AREA-MN which mean the fragmentation occurs in landscape level. The increase of AREA-MN and NP in built-area class shows the tendency to coarse grain structure (homogeneity), and the decrease of AREA-MN and increase of NP in vegetated area class, shows the tendency to fine grain structure (heterogeneity) in landscape level. These scientific findings of past, present and ability to estimate the future land use of the study area will assist planners and decision-makers to formulate environmental protection plans to conserve natural heritage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Evaluating the economic and social Consequences of heightening dam wall on of Ekbatan Dam in Hamedan on the living conditions of the villagers downstream of the dam
parvaneh ahmadi nejad Seyed Mehdi Mirdamadi Seyed Jamal F Hosseini Maryam Omidi najafabadi Hossein BabazadehDams can produce electricity and ensure water security, but at the same time they radically alter the hydrological regime of rivers with significant consequences for the economic and environmental welfare of the region in which they are located. consequences of construc MoreDams can produce electricity and ensure water security, but at the same time they radically alter the hydrological regime of rivers with significant consequences for the economic and environmental welfare of the region in which they are located. consequences of constructing dams in most parts of the world have become controversial. The aim of this research is to explore the consequences of heightening Ekbatan dam wall on Living conditions of the villagers living downstream of the dam social and economic condition. The consequences of constructing this dam are more remarkable in downstream area in terms of geographical situation. The research data were obtained using a field survey and through a questionnaire completed by 150 inhabitants in the downstream villages. To investigate the economic and social consequences of heightening dam wall on the living conditions of the villagers living downstream, Bayesian structural equations were used and a model was presented. Based on the research results, social indication (Bayesian coefficient =0.919)had the greatest affected living conditions of the villagers living downstream of the dam Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Local Communities Attitudes towards the Construction of the Beheshtabad Reservoir Dam in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
Esmail Karamidehkord Ladan Naderi Soleiman BahmaniConstructing reservoir dams for water storage and inter-basin water transfer is one of the main policies of recent decades in Iran for providing water that can have numerous positive or negative impacts on dam-affected local communities living in origin basin or people MoreConstructing reservoir dams for water storage and inter-basin water transfer is one of the main policies of recent decades in Iran for providing water that can have numerous positive or negative impacts on dam-affected local communities living in origin basin or people living in the receiving watersheds. This research aimed to investigate local communities' attitude towards the construction of the Beheshtabad reservoir dam in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province using a survey methodology. A sample of 200 out of 3514 households of the origin basin who may be affected if the dam is constructed was randomly selected. The data were collected using the structured interview technique and a questionnaire confirmed in terms of validity and reliability measures. Local communities tended to have negative attitude towards constructing the dam, particularly that it would cause the destruction of the basin's environment and nature and escalating rural-urban migration and socio-cultural abnormalities of local communities. Regression analysis showed that the attitude is explained by dependency on natural resources, having agricultural occupation, land area, the number of days working as nonagricultural laborer, access to external services and facilities and income from handcraft production. The households with higher dependency on natural resources and with occupations depended on the area, particularly agriculture and sales occupation, had higher negative attitudes, while the households who worked outside the origin basin, specially nonagricultural workers, and the households with higher access to external services and facilities and resources less affected by the dam had less negative attitudes towards the dam construction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Effect of phenylbutazone on the duration of various parameters after anesthesia induced by thiopental sodium in male dogs
مهدیه رئیس زاده حمید رجائیان حمیدرضا فتاحیانTaking drug interactions into consideration is an important aspect of therapy and being aware ofsuch interactions may help to achieve an effective treatment. The purpose of this research was toinvestigate the possible interaction between phenylbutazone and sodium thiope MoreTaking drug interactions into consideration is an important aspect of therapy and being aware ofsuch interactions may help to achieve an effective treatment. The purpose of this research was toinvestigate the possible interaction between phenylbutazone and sodium thiopental in maledogs. Twenty one mixed breed dogs were randomly divided into two control and experimentalgroups. Normal saline and sodium thiopental were intravenously administered to animals in thecontrol group. Equivalent dose of sodium thiopental was administered following the injection ofphenylbutazone via the same route. After anesthesia, time intervals needed for the return ofpulpebral reflex, opening of eyes, tongue movement, extension of the limbs, head and neckmovement, sitting position, trying to stand, imbalanced walking, and normal walking wererecorded. Results show that, the average time periods in the experimental group were generallymore than those in the control group. It was also shown that the duration of the aboveparameters were significantly higher in heavier dog (>18kg) compared to the lighter ones(<18kg). It is generally concluded that simultaneous administration of sodium thiopental andphenylbutazone causes an increase in the recovery period for anesthesia. This may be due to anincrease in the unbound form of thiopental and a quicker distribution of the drug into the brainand, the refore, a greater duration of thiopental action. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Evaluation of the effect of different doses of folic acid supplementation on serum lipid profiles in experimental obstructive cholestasis in rat
Mohammadian, Z. *, Eidi, A. , Mortazavi, P. , Tavangar, SM. , Asghari, A. .Hypercholesterolemia was the result of the cholestasis and failure of cholesterol and bile saltsclearance through the bile duct.The main proposal of this study is to investigate the effect offolic acid supplementation on serum lipids composition in a rat model of choles MoreHypercholesterolemia was the result of the cholestasis and failure of cholesterol and bile saltsclearance through the bile duct.The main proposal of this study is to investigate the effect offolic acid supplementation on serum lipids composition in a rat model of cholestasis. 81 maleWistar rats were randomly divided into nine experimental groups with 9 rats in eachgroup.Group 1, normal control rats ,Group 2, sham-operated rats (The rats in this groupunderwent the same procedure except that the bile duct ligation) ,Group 3, cholestatic rats,Groups 4-6, folic acid control rats;Groups 7-9, cholestatic rats treated with folic acid; Folic acidtreated groups were given folic acid (1,5,10 mg/kg) respectively , once a day by gavage for 28days. Cholestasis was produced by Bile Duct Ligation (BDL). Serum samples were analyzedbiochemically and lipids profile were measured according to standard protocols. cholestatic ratsgroup showed higher concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) , triglyceride (TG) and low densitylipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) in serum. Administration of folic acid supplementation ,significantly decreased the serum levels of TC , TG, and LDL and increased the serum level ofhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). Cholestasis induced hypercholesterolemia and Folicacid supplementation showed hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects in cholestatic rats.These effects on the lipid profile varied with the different concentrations of folic acid. Ourresult suggested that Folic acid can be used an antilipidemic agent in pation with cholestasis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The evaluation of sodium molybdate effect on liver fibrosis in a rat model of bile duct ligation
مهسا Ale Ebrahim, اکرم Eidi, . P. Mortazavi, S.M Tavangar, داریوش Minai Tehrani,The accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids in bile duct ligation (BDL) animal model, plays apivotal role in the induction of hepatic fibrosis. Cholestatic liver fibrosis, characterized byexcessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, is associated with b MoreThe accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids in bile duct ligation (BDL) animal model, plays apivotal role in the induction of hepatic fibrosis. Cholestatic liver fibrosis, characterized byexcessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, is associated with bile acidinducedoxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Molybdenum is an essential trace element whichacts as a cofactor in many detoxification system enzymes. The results of our previous studysuggested that sodium molybdate could be used as a hepatoprotective agent against toxicitycaused by carbon tetrachloride in rats .The aim of the present study was to evaluate thetherapeutic or the anti-hepatofibrotic effects of sodium molybdate in a bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced cholestatic fibrosis model in rats .After BDL, rats were given sodium molybdate (0.05or 0.1 or 0.2 g/kg) or urosodeoxycholic acid (UDCA, 25 mg/kg) orally for 45 consecutive days(once per day). BDL markedly induced the accumulation of collagen, as well as infiltration ofinflammatory cells, hepatocyte necrosis and bile duct hyperplasia, as determined by Masson’strichrome staining. These alterations were significantly attenuated by sodium molybsdateadministration (0.1 and 0.2 g/kg). Simultaneously treatment of sodium molybdate may inhibitthe liver fibrosis in a BDL model of cholestatic rats. Our data suggest that sodium molybdatemay exert its antifibrotic effects via inhibition of ECM proteins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Effect of folic acid in cholestatic hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation Model in rat
Z. Mohammadian, A. Eidi, P. Mortazavid, SM. Tavangar, A. Asghari,Cholestasis is a liver disease that, if untreated and not prevented, will cause hepatic fibrosis andcirrhosis, and eventually death. As a result of bile duct ligation (BDL), toxic bile acidsaccumulate in liver. Accumulation of these toxins and subsequent events, such as MoreCholestasis is a liver disease that, if untreated and not prevented, will cause hepatic fibrosis andcirrhosis, and eventually death. As a result of bile duct ligation (BDL), toxic bile acidsaccumulate in liver. Accumulation of these toxins and subsequent events, such as oxidativestress and inflammatory response leads to cell death and hepatic fibrosis. The liver is the mainorgan for folate storage and metabolism and folate deficiency is a common occurrence in manyliver diseases. The present study investigated the protective effect of folic acid in experimentalhepatic fibrosis. 81 male Wistar rats were classified into the nine groups؛ Control, Shamoperatedcontrol, Folic acid, Bile duct-ligated (BDL) control, and BDL+ folic acid groups. Folicacid treated groups were given oral folic acid (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg b.w) for 28 days. The severityof hepatic injury was determined by measures biochemical indicators like’s activities of AST,ALT, ALP, concentrations of bilirubin and albumin in the serum and activities of superoxidedismutase in the hepatic samples. To assess histopathological features of cholestasis (bile ducthyperplasia, fibrosis, necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration), Masson’s trichrome stainingwas performed. In BDL rats treated with folic acid, hepatic fibrosis was significantlyameliorated and the serum and hepatic biochemical variation induced by BDL were moderated.This study suggests that folic acid has a protective effect in liver. Folic acid reduced oxidativestress and inflammatory response and thus prevented liver fibrotic changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Experimental study on protective effects of Crocin on nephropathy induced by complete unilateral ureteral obstruction in the rats
رامین کفاشیالهی، داریوش مهاجری .Any obstruction to urinary flow leads to obstructive nephropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the renoprotective effects of Crocin following unilateral ureteral obstruction in the rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 5 equal groups. Groups MoreAny obstruction to urinary flow leads to obstructive nephropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the renoprotective effects of Crocin following unilateral ureteral obstruction in the rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 5 equal groups. Groups 1 and 2 were considered as control and sham operated rats, respectively. In group 3 left ureter was obstructed surgically and in group 4 following the left ureteral obstruction, Crocin was gavaged at 50 mg/kg for 15 days. Finally, blood samples were collected for measurement of serum urea, acid uric and creatinine. Malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione contents for assessment of renal free radical activity; and enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase as indicators of antioxidation, were measured in kidney homogenates. Histopathology of left kidney was conducted for verification of biochemical findings. Significant differences among the groups were determined by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey post-test. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Unilateral ureteral obstruction caused significant increase of serum urea, uric acid and creatinine levels and renal content of malondialdehyde; as well as significant reduction of renal antioxidants and reduced glutathione contents. Crocin-treatment significantly reduced elevated markers of renal injury in serum and kidney malondialdehyde; a well as brought back the declined kidney antioxidants and reduced glutathione towards normal. Histopathology of kidney confirmed the changes induced by ureteral obstruction and the renoprotective effect of Crocin. Crocin exerts protective effects in unilateral ureteral obstruction possibly through its antioxidant properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Effects of magnesium sulfate on atherogenic indices in cholestatic male rats using Bile duct ligation method
Eshraghi, T., Eidi, A., Mortazavi, P., Asghari, A., Tavangar, S.M. .Cholestasis is defined as a decrease in bile flow due to impaired secretion by hepatocytes or to obstruction of bile flow through intra or extrahepatic bile ducts that leads to retention of bile acids, bilirubin and cholesterol. Magnesium, the second most abundant intra MoreCholestasis is defined as a decrease in bile flow due to impaired secretion by hepatocytes or to obstruction of bile flow through intra or extrahepatic bile ducts that leads to retention of bile acids, bilirubin and cholesterol. Magnesium, the second most abundant intracellular cation, plays an essential physiological role in many functions of the body. The aim of this study was evaluating the effects of magnesium sulfate on atherogenic indices in cholestatic male Wistar rats. In this experimental study, 81 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 9 groups. Bile duct ligation was done by standard method. MgSo4 (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 g/kg bw) was administered intragastrically, once a day, for 28 consecutive days. Serum samples were collected and serum lipid profile was measured using standard methods. Then atherogenic indices were calculated. Cholestasis led to a significant increase in atherogenic indices and treatment of cholestatic rats with magnesium sulfate significantly reduced atherogenic indices.Magnesium sulfate may improve serum lipid profile and reduce atherogenic indices in cholestatic rats by reducing oxidative stress and increasing the activity of enzymes involved in the metabolism of lipoproteins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Study on effects of selenium on histopathology and histometrical parameters in testis of normal and experimental varicocele rats
Taghizadeh, L., Eidi, A., Mortazavi, P., Haeri Rohani, A. .Negative effects of oxidative stress on serum, semen and testicular tissue have shown in patients with varicocele or in animal models. This study investigated the effects of sodium selenite on histological and histometrical parameters in testis of normal and varicocele- MoreNegative effects of oxidative stress on serum, semen and testicular tissue have shown in patients with varicocele or in animal models. This study investigated the effects of sodium selenite on histological and histometrical parameters in testis of normal and varicocele-induced male Wistar rats. Forty-four rats were divided randomly in 11 groups: control group (1 ml/kg of saline intraperitoneally), sham-operated control group (only surgery without varicocele, 1 ml/kg of saline intraperitoneally, experimental varicocele groups (sodium selenite at doses 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and normal experimental groups (sodium selenite at doses 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Two months after surgery using Turner method, varicocele was induced in rats. Then, sodium selenite was administered continuously for 60 days. Testis tissue samples were collected for histological and histometrical studies. Sodium selenite caused a significant increase in thickness of epithelium of seminiferous tubules compared to varicocele control group (P<0.01). Tubular differentiation index (TDI) and spermiogenesis index (SI) of seminiferous tubules showed an increase in sodium selenite groups compared to normal control group. TDI and SI of seminiferous tubules showed a significant decrease in varicocele control group compared to normal control group (P<0.05). Sodium selenite caused a significant increase in number of leydig cells in varicocelized rats, compared to varicocele control group (P<0.01). Taken together, the results of this study suggest that selenium treatment may have beneficial effect on the testis tissue of varicocelized rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Experimental study of ethanolic extract of brown algae Nizimuddinia zanardinii on liver histopathological injury induced by bile duct ligation inrats
مدارا Nasiri , M Ale-Ebrahim , R Hajikhani , P Mortazaviliver fibrosis has been recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. The oxidative stress in cholestatic­liver disease serves as a link between hepatic injury and liver­fibrosis. Therefore, any agent that has the capacity of normalizing the oxidat Moreliver fibrosis has been recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. The oxidative stress in cholestatic­liver disease serves as a link between hepatic injury and liver­fibrosis. Therefore, any agent that has the capacity of normalizing the oxidative damage, would be able to decrease fibrosis in a cholestatic liver. The brown Algae Nizimuddiniazanardiniiis one of the natural resources in the marine ecosystem which contains biologically active­compoundsand it's anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fungal and antioxidant effects are known.The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the effect of ethanolic­extract of brown­algaeNizimuddiniazanardinii on liver­fibrosis induced by bile­duct­ligation (BDL) in male­rats. 54 male rats were randomly classified in nine groups (n=6): control group (intact rats), sham group (laparatomy without BDL),Nizimuddinia extract control groups (50,­100 or 200­mg/kg). BDL group, experimental treatment groups (BDL rats+­50,­100 or 200­mg/kg Nizimuddinia). BDL increased the serum­levels of aspartate­aminotransferase, alanine­aminotransferase, alkaline­phosphatase, total­bilirubin, cholesterol and triglyceride, whereas it reduced the levels of antioxidant­enzymes, superoxide­dismutase and catalase in the liver and also reduced the serumic levels of albumin and total protein. Treatment of BDL rats with Nizimuddiniazanardiniiextract attenuated these changes. As determined by Masson’s trichrome staining, BDL markedly induced the liver­fibrosis. These alterations were also significantly attenuated by Nizimuddiniazanardiniiadministration. The results of this study indicate the hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effect of Nizimuddinia­zanardiniiin the cholestatic liver. The antifibrotic effect of this brown algea likely due to the antioxidative and free­radical scavenging effects of it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Surveying the effect of electrokinetic together with leaching remediation on quality of drain water of a saline-alkaline soil
محمد علی غلامی سفیدکوهی میثم رمضانی میر خالق ضیاء تبار احمدیThe salinity of water and soil is called white death in many countries, because of its importance. Generally, the quantity of leaching water, energy consumption and time usage of soil remediation procedure are important factors which affect suitable method of soil recla MoreThe salinity of water and soil is called white death in many countries, because of its importance. Generally, the quantity of leaching water, energy consumption and time usage of soil remediation procedure are important factors which affect suitable method of soil reclamation. Electrokinetic (EK) is a physical method for salt extraction such as chemical, Organic and inorganic compounds. In this study, the horizontal placement of electrodes along with leaching procedure was used in Electrokinetic remediation of a saline-alkaline soil. For this purpose, two aluminum and reticular electrodes was placed above and under the soil column as anode and cathode, respectively. The soil columns heights were 10, 20, 30 and 45 cm. Then leaching water (30 mm) every day and totally Equivalent to Four times pore water was entered to soil and properties of drain water was measured. Although, leaching procedure without applying electrokinetic technique was done as control treatment. The results showed that Electrical Conductivity (EC) of drain water and current rate was changed sinusoidal in EK. Although, PH and temperature of drain water was changed between 6.8 to 9 and 23 to 35 centigrade, respectively. Leaching of cations increased in EK technique significantly (p<0.05). Leaching of anions decreased, but this change was not significant. The ratio of Na+ leaching compared to Ca2+ and Mg2+ in EK treatments was 8.5 percent greater than controls. Generally, EK method changed EC, weight of leached salt per soil weight and PH of drain water significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Performance evaluation of differential evolution algorithm in optimum operating of Eleviyan single-reservoir dam system
Reza Dashti Mohammad Taghi Sattari Vahid NouraniOptimum operating of reservoir dams is one of the most important challenges in the water resources management. In fact, integrated water resource management is necessary for an optimum and efficient operating of these resources. In this research the performance of diffe MoreOptimum operating of reservoir dams is one of the most important challenges in the water resources management. In fact, integrated water resource management is necessary for an optimum and efficient operating of these resources. In this research the performance of differential evolution algorithm is compared with the improved harmony search algorithm and nonlinear programming method in optimized operating of the Eleviyan single reservoir dam on Soofi-chay River which is one of the most important dams in the Urmia lake basin. Considering the vital importance of the ecological flow to prevent the death of Urmia Lake, an optimization model is developed to determine the minimum required ecological flow of the Soofi-chay River, besides to the water flow needs such as the municipal, industrial demands, and also minimizing the water shortage for agricultural targets. The reservoir parameters including reliability, vulnerability and sustainability indicators are used to evaluate the performance of the studied algorithms in an optimal utilization of the reservoir. The results showed that using the differential evolution algorithm gives a higher-performance compared to the other methods employed in this study in efficient operation of the Eleviyan dam system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Using desalinization models for scheduling crop rotation of saline-sodic soils: a case study in Ramhormoz region, Iran
safoora Asadi Kapourchal Mehdi Homaee Soil salinity is one of the important challenges for sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. Accumulation of soluble salts within the soil profile adversely affects some physical and chemical properties of soils including osmotic pressure, permeabil More Soil salinity is one of the important challenges for sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. Accumulation of soluble salts within the soil profile adversely affects some physical and chemical properties of soils including osmotic pressure, permeability and hydraulic conductivity. As a consequence, growth and development of plant is seriously reduced or fully ceased. The objective of this study was to assess using desalinization models for scheduling crop rotation of reclamation saline-sodic soils. Consequently, a large area of 45,000 ha with S4A3 (extreme salinity and sodicity) salinity/sodicity class was selected to obtain the required data ,in Khuzestan, Iran. This experiment was conducted with two treatments each with three replicates. In the first treatment, the experiment was conducted by applying just 100 cm water depth in four-25 cm intervals. In the second treatment, 10 Ton gypsum (78% purity rate) was applied prior to salt leaching together with leaching water. Soil samples were taken from 0-25, 25-50, 50-75, 75-100, 100-125 and 125-150 cm soil depths before, during and after each leaching water application interval. The required physical and chemical soil analyses were performed for the collected data. The results indicated that the logarithmic model can estimate the capital leaching requirement much better than other models. Based on the obtained model, the amount of net water needed to reduce initial soil salinity was calculated and finally crop rotation in two options was presented for reclamation of saline-sodic soils. The first option with preliminary leaching and cultivation of barley in continues leaching was assigned as the first priority. The second option with preliminary leaching and alfalfa cultivation and continues leaching was assigned as the next priority. The obtained results further indicated that the inclusion of scheduling crop rotation to the leaching practice, in addition to enhance effective leaching of soluble salts from the soil profile, causes considerable water saving. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Impact pressures of falling jets on the plunging pool bed
منوچهر فتحی مقدم سجاد کیانی بابک لشکرآراPlunging pools are constructed at the downstream of dam spillways to dissipate the excess energy. The turbulent flow velocity converts to the dynamic pressure due to impact of flow with the pool’s bed. The aim of this research is to determine impact pressure of a MorePlunging pools are constructed at the downstream of dam spillways to dissipate the excess energy. The turbulent flow velocity converts to the dynamic pressure due to impact of flow with the pool’s bed. The aim of this research is to determine impact pressure of a vertical jet on plunging pool bed. Hence, the experiments were carried out in four different discharges (ranging from 6 to 27.5 lit/s according to the nozzle diameters), three jet diameters including 4.3, 5.2 and 8.2 cm and four falling heights of 37, 60, 90 and 120 cm. Also the experiments are conducted in similar flow conditions for smooth and rough surfaces, and results are compared. Dynamic pressures were measured with a pressure transducer. The analysis of data showed that increase of jet diameter causes decrement in the dynamic pressure coefficient. Results revealed an increase in dynamic pressures due to roughness of contacting surface. Moreover, variations of jet Froude number and fall length have significant effects on the dynamic pressure coefficient. The impact pressure was the highest in the surface center and was gradually reduced in outer zones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Assessment of Spatial Distribution some Ground Water Quality Indexes in Adrabil Plain for Irrigation uses
Farrokh Asadzadeh Hossein Pirkharrati Zahra Sheikhi AlmanabadThe quantitative and qualitative decline of groundwater in recent years has needed for proper management of water from these valuable resources. One of the important ways to achieve this goal is to monitoring groundwater quality. In the present study, 12 water quality p MoreThe quantitative and qualitative decline of groundwater in recent years has needed for proper management of water from these valuable resources. One of the important ways to achieve this goal is to monitoring groundwater quality. In the present study, 12 water quality parameters related to 63 wells in Ardebil plain were measured in June and September (dry and wet season), 2013-2012, then water quality indices were studied. After calculating the indices, the ArcGIS10 software were used to prepare the maps and then calculate some important statistical parameters. The results showed that groundwater in Ardebil Plain with EC and SAR indexes average, 405.17 microseisms per cm and 2.8 in the C3-S1 class, according to Wilcox classification, and had a low to moderate limit Salinity and without any limit in term of penetration in the soil. RSC, KR and PI Indicators, which express the risk of sodium, indicate that there is no sodium constraint and have a good quality. The CR index with 0.8 average also indicated a lack of groundwater corrosion risk. Investigating the Na and Cl also indicates an average limit for water toxicity for the plants cultivated in Ardebil plain. On the other hand, the zoning maps of the studied indices showed that salinity in some parts of the plain has a low to moderate limit, and in eastern and southern parts, it has no limitation. According SAR index most part of plain was unlimited, with only a small portion of the southern plain with moderate constraints. The LSI index showed that in most plain areas, the value of this index is greater than zero, and therefore there will be a risk of droplets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Evaluating the effect of supplying drinking water and agriculture water of Sari-Neka aquifer on the salinity movement with the utilization of Gelvard dam
mina nasiri mehdi hamidi Hamid Kardan moghaddamWith the fast-growing economy in the coastal regions, the demands for water resources and the exploitation of groundwater have been increased. Consequently, the established balance between freshwater and seawater has been disturbed and hence resulted in extensive seawat MoreWith the fast-growing economy in the coastal regions, the demands for water resources and the exploitation of groundwater have been increased. Consequently, the established balance between freshwater and seawater has been disturbed and hence resulted in extensive seawater intrusion into groundwater. In this paper, the flow model and saltwater intrusion in the Sari-Neka aquifer is simulated using the GMS model. The model is calibrated for four years Between October 2010 and September 2014, both in terms of groundwater levels and TDS concentration. The calibrated model is validated for the next year in terms of groundwater levels and TDS concentration with the available data for October 2014 and September 2015. The values of the correlation coefficient in the steady-state model, transient model and validation model in the flow model are obtained 0/99, 0/98 and 0/97 respectively. The values of the correlation coefficient in the transport model are obtained 0/83 and 0/87 in the transient model and validation model, respectively. After the validated model and assuming all the hydrogeologic conditions remain, a predictive 6-year simulation run indicates that further seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifer can occur in the study area. The effects of the Gelvard dam on the quality of groundwater in the Sari-Neka aquifer in normal, drought and wet conditions also were investigated. The results show that under drought conditions the 50% iso-concentration contour movement for TDS will increase by 5/98 %. In wet conditions, the 50% iso-concentration contour movement will be reduced by 2/94%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Experimental Study of Discharge Doefficient of the Groove upstream of Concrete-Face Rockfill Dam (using Hydraulic Models)
zahra rahiminejad sayed habib musavi-jahromi Amir Khosrojerdi Hossien Hassanpour Darvishi Jamal Mohammad Vali SamaniConsidering the role of heterogeneous dams in flood control and also water storage, its very important to consider the flow hydraulic in them. On the other hand, proper design of Rockfill dams requires accurate study of flow behavior in these dams. In this regard by stu MoreConsidering the role of heterogeneous dams in flood control and also water storage, its very important to consider the flow hydraulic in them. On the other hand, proper design of Rockfill dams requires accurate study of flow behavior in these dams. In this regard by studying the concrete-face rockfill dam (CFRD) in the present study, by creating different cracks on the concrete face of the dam in the laboratory model, the water infiltration behavior inside the dam body was investigated. Transverse cracks of concrete slab on CFRD Dam and water flow and how to control it in CFRDs is one of the most important issues considered by experts in the design of dams. Determining the discharge coefficient of the groove to estimate the flow rate is important and unavoidable. The purpose of this study is to calculate the discharge coefficient of a rectangular groove located in the concrete surface upstream of the CFRD in both submerged and free conditions. Variable geometric parameters in this study include the height of the groove from the bed, the angle of the groove located upstream of the horizon and the variable hydraulic parameters include the height of the water head upstream of the CFRD. two equations were developed using dimensional analysis and nonlinear equation analysis, in order to predict the CD of the upstream groove of a CFRD dam in both free and submerged states. The equations are in good agreement (correlation coefficient of 0.988 (free ) and 0.984 (submerged )) with experimental results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Increasing the water discharge coefficient of piano key weirs using physical models
Vafa Rezaei Sayed Habib Musavi-Jahromi Amir Khosrowjerdi Hossein SedghiOverflows play an important role technically and economically in optimizing the operation of water storage structures. Piano key weir is an advanced and developed type of spillway that can transfer large amounts of discharge by keeping executive costs constant. The aim MoreOverflows play an important role technically and economically in optimizing the operation of water storage structures. Piano key weir is an advanced and developed type of spillway that can transfer large amounts of discharge by keeping executive costs constant. The aim of this study was to determine the parameters affecting the discharge coefficient, using nine physical models. The ratio of the width of the input keys (Wi) to the output (Wo) in the seven overflows were: 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 (PK1.0, PK1.1, PK1, PK1.3, PK1.4, PK1.5 and PK1.6 respectively) and the other two models included PKT (thicker-walled) and PKTP (thicker-walled and crown-enhanced). The effect of changing the width of the inlet (Wi) and outlet (Wo) keys on the discharge coefficient and stage-discharge curve, the effect of wall thickness and parapet wall were evaluated. Results showed that the best model for changing the inlet and outlet widths was the model of PK1.4, which resulted in 30% increase in discharge rate compared with the control. The increase in wall thickness led to an increase in the discharge at a 5% rate in comparison with control and installing parapet wall resulted in a 10% increase in discharge and a uniform distribution of flow lines on the weir. According to the results of this research, based on the superiority of three models of PK1.4, PKT and PKTP, the geometric properties of these models can be used as a model in optimizing the design of piano key weirs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Modeling The Behavior of Concrete Dams using Artificial Neural Network and Logistic Regression Methods
Fardin Saeid Mohsen Irandoust Navid JalalkamaliBackground and Aim: Dam measurement and behavior assessment is a new issue that can be due to changes in available parameters to develop a model examining the behavior of individual parameters on the dam as well as on each other and analyze the changes and create the ne MoreBackground and Aim: Dam measurement and behavior assessment is a new issue that can be due to changes in available parameters to develop a model examining the behavior of individual parameters on the dam as well as on each other and analyze the changes and create the necessary policies. This study aims to propose a hybrid method involving logistic regression with particle swarm optimization algorithm with real value to predict the behavior of dam equipment.Method: In this study, from 365 days data, from 04/20/2018 to 04/20/2019, of which 600 sets of dam equipment data including parameters of water temperature, water level, valve pressure, sedimentation rate, pore pressure, air temperature, inlet water volume, specific dam characteristics, concrete conditions, reservoir water level, horizontal and vertical displacement, transmission connection components and ground acceleration, strength, pressure, tensile and high stress were used for modeling. Real value-logistic regression and 120 datasets were used for modeling the should be added of particle group optimization algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, four statistics including coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), scattering coefficient (SI), and means bias error (MBE) were used.Findings: The results showed that the model has an acceptable performance in predicting piezometric pressure in the dam body. Also, the results of the artificial neural network model show acceptable convergence with R2 = 0.930 and SSI = 8.587. The results related to the training data of the model also indicate that the mean (µ) and standard deviation (σ) of the proposed model are equal to 1.341 and 1.526 for the training data and these values for the validation data are equal to 1.576 and 2.247, respectively indicating the good performance of the proposed model. In the cumulative probability criterion, the proposed model with P50 = 0.940 and P90 = 1.742 indicates that the results are acceptable.Results: The results indicate that the real value-logistic regression particle swarm optimization implements the principle of structural risk reduction instead of minimizing the experimental risk that provides excellent generalization for small sample sizes. The ratio of predicted piezometric values to read values for about 72% of the data in this model is about one, indicating the appropriate training and predictive power of this model. Finally, according to the evaluation criteria, the hybrid model performs better than the presented methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Investigating the Effect of Land Use Changes on the Distribution of Dam Reservoir Sediment (Case Study: Lasak Dam) Using the HEC-RAS Model
Saeed Rashedi Seyed Abbas Hosseini Sara Nazif Bagher GhermezcheshmehIntroduction: In the last few decades, due to the growth of industries, drastic changes have occurred in the climate of the planet, and its average temperature has increased significantly. Land use changes and climate have had a great impact on discharge and sediment pr MoreIntroduction: In the last few decades, due to the growth of industries, drastic changes have occurred in the climate of the planet, and its average temperature has increased significantly. Land use changes and climate have had a great impact on discharge and sediment production in watershed. The increase in the production of sediments has many harmful environmental and constructional effects; among these effects we can mention the reduction of the useful depth of the dam and consequently the reduction of the life of the dam. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process of sedimentation along the Mubarakabad River (Emamzadeh Ebrahim watershed) and the effect of time on the increase in the sedimentation depth of the Lasak dam reservoir located in Guilan province using the HEC-RAS model in different states for the time range of 1997 to 2071. Methods: Mubarakabad River is one of the main branches of Pasikhan River, which is the most important river supplying water to Anzali wetland. This watershed has various uses, including forest, degraded pasture, medium pasture and good quality pasture, residential, paddy field, etc. To carry out this study, land use changes in the years 1997, 2007, 2020, 2040 and 2071 were used. In order to measure the runoff, sediment and flow rate in the coming years (2022 and 2071) with the help of the LARS-WG statistical model in two scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) and SWAT tool was investigated. To implement the HEC-RAS model, three models of surface reduction were used: Borland and Miller's method, Moody's surface reduction method and surface increase method. The input variables of the model are loaded in three sections: topographic map, discharge information, discharge-sediment, and sediment grading. The model was calibrated using discharge and sediment data during the study period. In this study, changes in sedimentation along the Mubarakabad River from upstream to the construction site of Lasak Dam were investigated. Also, the sedimentation depth of the dam reservoir was investigated in different years using the HEC-RAS model. Results: The simulation results of this study showed that with passing of time, the percentage of residential areas will increase significantly and the area of pastures located in the southern part of the basin will decrease. Currently, in this basin, the total area of 1.87 km2 has been allocated to the residential sector, which includes several villages. While in 2071, this amount will reach 21.45 km2. Also, pastures with dense coverage in this basin in 1997 were equal to 99.65 km2, and in 2071 this amount will decrease to 4.82 km2. The results of this study showed that from the source to the construction site of the dam, sediment deposition has increased due to the reduction of the slope, and the largest amount of sediments have accumulated in the reservoir of the dam. It was also observed that with passing time, the depth of sediments behind the dam reservoir has increased significantly, which reduces the efficiency of the dam. The results of this study showed that there is an increasing trend in the sedimentation depth of the reservoir, so that its maximum value was obtained in 2071, equivalent to 39.1 meters from the height of the dam intake. The results of this study show that in the years 2071 and 2040, 2.02 and 1.92 million tons of sediment will settle in the Lasak dam reservoir, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results obtained from the HEC-RAS model simulation in the Emamzadeh Ebrahim watershed, it can be seen that if detailed and executive planning is not done in this area, land use change will occur severely. This change of uses causes the increase of soil erosion and production of sediment in the watershed, in other words, this change of uses can be considered as an alarm for the destruction of Anzali Wetland. In general, due to the conditions of the watershed and its high erosion upstream, the life of the Lasak dam will not be long, and its construction will reduce the water rights of the Anzali wetland and lead this international wetland to complete destruction at a faster rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The role of flood routing in determination and Prioritizing hydrologic units Bostan Dam Basin from flooding and showing management technique
Seyed Alireza Bahrami Majid Onagh Hasan FarazjooDetermining flood producing regions and sub-basins flood producing priorities are considered very important in the management of large watersheds. In this paper the flood routing role in separating and determining flood producing regions in the Bostan dam wate MoreDetermining flood producing regions and sub-basins flood producing priorities are considered very important in the management of large watersheds. In this paper the flood routing role in separating and determining flood producing regions in the Bostan dam watershed of Golestan province in northern Iran after discharge routing of sub-basins in main waterways up to the main outlet of watershed was studied. For achieving the above goal, geographical information system (GIS), a hydrological model (HEC-HMS) and individual iterative elimination of sub-basins was used to calculate related hydrographs with design precipitation for each sub-basin. With consecutive elimination of sub-basins in each run of the model, the total discharge from whole watershed basin after flood routing in main waterways with considering the eliminated sub-basin was calculated; therefore effect of each sub-basin in flood producing capacity at the main outlet was determined. The sub-basin, with highest contribution in producing watershed outlet flood was recognized as most producing flood sub-basin. Then other sub-basins were ranked according to their quantitative share in producing flood discharge at outlet. Flood routing in waterways showed that contribution rate of sub-basins in outlet flood was not proportional with peak discharge of sub-basins and those sub basins with higher discharge do not necessarily have the highest contribution in basin's outlet flood, since waterways parameters of routing and the spatial location of sub-basins can change the contribution status. In order to eliminate the area effect in sub-basin ranking, the degree of influence of every sub-basin unit in the outlet flood was calculated, which changed the flood producing ranking of sub-basins. Finally with respect to the obtained results, required management guidelines were suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Safety factor analysis of the stability of earth dams over the long period of time
Hadis Daghigh Hossein Hassanpour Darvishi Seyed Habib Musavi JahromiIncorrect designing of earth and rockfill dams with untrue safety factors causes internal scouring, downstream pitched roof submerged and break dam in torrential times. Breakage of earth and rockfill dams and also too much volume of torrential flow can destroy catchment MoreIncorrect designing of earth and rockfill dams with untrue safety factors causes internal scouring, downstream pitched roof submerged and break dam in torrential times. Breakage of earth and rockfill dams and also too much volume of torrential flow can destroy catchment areas and fen beds. Furthermore, correct designing of dams and obtaining suitable safety factors will prevent of these damages. In this study, first of all, series of geotechnical tests have been performed on the soil samples of the Chitgar earth dam to determine the soil strength parameters and material characteristics. The achieved parameters have been used as input parameters for PLAXIS which is a finite element geometrical program for analysis of deformation and stability of soil structures. Based on different layers of foundation and dam body, four homogeneous and non-homogeneous models on coarse and fine foundations have been simulated and the results have been compared. These comparisons revealed that during construction of earth dams, which are situated on fine clay foundation, if the water level is high, there would be lots of pore water pressure which will cause the dam foundation to be destroyed. Therefore, dam must be constructed using step-by-step method so excess pore water pressure can have enough time to be lessened. The analysis, which carried out on non-homogeneous earth dams with clay cores, discovered that if dam construction is simultaneous with water filling, there would be high pore water pressure in the earth dam’s core which will reduce the safety factor of the dam. Therefore, it will be better if the non-homogeneous earth dams are filled after the construction period. Finally, sometimes in loose foundation, safety factor was found 1.45 for homogeneous dams in the stepped construction. The safety factor was estimated 1.14 non-homogeneous dams in the same conditions. Therefore, homogeneous dam can play better role than non-homogeneous dams in loose foundation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Using different soil chemical amendments for reclamation of saline –sodic soils
Ebrahim PaziraAmelioration of saline–sodic soils by means of different amendments is a subject of interest for soil and water conservation in arid and semi-arid regions. The general concept of "precision agriculture" is in contrast with traditional research methodologies, which MoreAmelioration of saline–sodic soils by means of different amendments is a subject of interest for soil and water conservation in arid and semi-arid regions. The general concept of "precision agriculture" is in contrast with traditional research methodologies, which are based on trial and error in some fields of agricultural sciences, and are time-consuming, expensive and produce uncertain/unreliable results. For this reason, recently, most researchers suggest another method, namely, the socalled "adaptive research", to overcome the mentioned weak points. The recent methodology has shown its advantages at national, local, and international levels and it only needs to be modified for specified environmental conditions. Most recently, a promising methodology is introduced as "integrated research plans", to clarify several questions in a single research project. But, at the same time, they do not ignore the other optimum conditions for such a finding. In research projects related to soil and water sciences, when plant is considered within the system, the study subject will be more complicated. In present article, it is pointed out that except some documented field experiments carried out for reclamation of salt-affected soils, the side effects of amendment applications such as ionic imbalances, plant nutrient availability, improvement of soil physical conditions (enhancing permeability and aggregate stability) did not taken into consideration. These impacts are acting due to their chemical influences on physical soil properties, but have not been adequately studied for salt- affected soils of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - A practical model for reclamation of saline and sodic soils
Maryam Mohamadzadeh Mehdi Homaee Ebrahim PaziraProper management of saline and sodic soils is essential for optimal conservation of soil and water resources. Accumulation of soluble salts within the root zone is one of the major problems in arid and semi-arid regions. To overcome this problem, leaching of accumulate MoreProper management of saline and sodic soils is essential for optimal conservation of soil and water resources. Accumulation of soluble salts within the root zone is one of the major problems in arid and semi-arid regions. To overcome this problem, leaching of accumulated salts from such soils is necessary. The most important task in leaching practices is assessment of water quantity required for leaching of saline and saline-sodic soils. Therefore, reliable estimation of the required leaching water quantity is vital for reducing soil salinity to a desirable level. The objectives of this study were to introduce an empirical model to account for reclamation water and to compare the obtained results with some available models. Consequently, a large scale field experiment was conducted in jofeir region at south part of west Khuzestan plains, covering an area of 21285 ha with S3A2 salinity-sodicity classes. The intermittent pounding experiment was conducted with six double ring infiltrometers in a circular array. All experiments were accomplished by applying 100 cm of water in four-25 cm intervals. The leaching water was supplied from Karun rive. Four mathematical models were applied to the collected experimental data to derive a suitable empirical model. The results indicated that the proposed power model with maximum correlation coefficient of 0.83 and minimum standard error of 0.44 can provide reasonable estimates for leaching process compares to the previously proposed models. The results indicated that the empirical relations given by Rajabzadeh (2009), Hoffman (1980) and Laffelar and Sharma (1977) can not resemble the field conditions. However, the empirical relationships introduced by Pazira and Kawachi (1981) and Revee (1957) overestimate the depth of reclamation water. The empirical models of Pazira and Keshavarz (1989), Asadi et al., (2013) and Dieleman (1963) underestimated the depth of required reclamation water compares to the newly proposed model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - A Survey of Tisdall's View on the Relation between the Concept of Mīzān in Quran and the Religion of Ancient Egypt
Mohammad sadegh Heidari َA Rabinattaj حبیب الله HalimiWilliam St. Clair Tisdall, a British linguist and historian, believes that the concept of mīzān, "otherworldly measure", in Quran was adopted from an apocryphal book, Testament of Abraham, written in Egypt about four hundred years before the migration of the Prophe MoreWilliam St. Clair Tisdall, a British linguist and historian, believes that the concept of mīzān, "otherworldly measure", in Quran was adopted from an apocryphal book, Testament of Abraham, written in Egypt about four hundred years before the migration of the Prophet and the Prophet probably heard it from his Coptic wife, Mary. According to Tisdall the origin of this concept can be trace back to ancient Egyptian mythology and the book of the dead. By employing the descriptive-analytical method, this article tries to challenge the viewpoint of Tisdall. Studies show that both written and oral versions of these two books were not available at the time of the Prophet. Moreover, the Surahs in which mīzān is used are all Maki, therefore the idea of oral transmission of the concept through Coptic Marie is completely improbable and it shows the lack of Tisdall's proficiency in the history of Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Origen’s Approach to Christology
maryam tahmasbi hajivand طاهره حاج ابراهیمیOne of the most vehement defenders of Christianity, Origen for the first time ever in Christian studies used the word, homoousios to define the relation of god the son/divine logos with respect to God himself. To him, God the Father and the divine Logos are of the same MoreOne of the most vehement defenders of Christianity, Origen for the first time ever in Christian studies used the word, homoousios to define the relation of god the son/divine logos with respect to God himself. To him, God the Father and the divine Logos are of the same substance but possess different functions and properties, and each plays its part in divinity according to its own function. He differentiates substantively between God the Father and God the Son, which culminates in the proposition of a linear relation between the two divine hypostases. Origen posits that the divine word was incarnated in the body of Jesus Christ and settled on earth. The incarnate Logos possess two divine and human natures, and whose human nature is an incarnate God who purposely attained human form and countenance to help bring about human deliverance and salvation. Incarnation of the divine Logos is the completion of a pledge that god has made with man before the creation of this world. This research attempts to examine Origen’s standing in Christian theology and delve deeper into his notions of Christology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Investigating the possibility of replacing sodium nitrite with Ganoderma Lucidium mushroom extract and carmine pigment in Martadella formulation.
Mohammad Masjedi leila Nateghi Fatemeh KavainIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of replacing sodium nitrite with Ganoderma Lucidium extract (GLE) in Martadella formulation.Materials and Methods: In order to, concentration of sodium nitrite allowed in Martadella (ppm 120) was rep MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of replacing sodium nitrite with Ganoderma Lucidium extract (GLE) in Martadella formulation.Materials and Methods: In order to, concentration of sodium nitrite allowed in Martadella (ppm 120) was replaced by Ganoderma Lucidium extract at different concentration (25, 50, 75 and 100%) with 50 ppm carmine pigment (CP) and without carmine pigment. Therefore, 10 treatments were designed according to a completely randomized design and the amount of flavonoid, total phenol, IC50, color characteristics )b*, L*, a*), microbial (total microbial count, mold and yeast, coliforms, Clostridium perfringens , Staphylococcus aureus) were evaluated on the 1st, 25th and 50th days of storage at 4°C.Results: The results showed that with the increase in replacement percentage (GLE) the amount of flavonoid, total phenol increased and IC50 decresed. Also, with the increase of replacement percentage (GLE), a* and L* decreased and b* increased. The amount of mold and yeast and the total count in all the tested samples were within the acceptable range of the national standard of Iran (No. 2303) and coliforms, Clostridium perfringens, and Staphylococcus aureus were not observed in any of the tested samples.Conclusion: The results of this research indicated that by using (GLE) along with (CP) it can be used instead of all or part of the sodium nitrite used in Martadella formulation might be replaced, without having an adverse effect on the quality and microbial properties of the product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Formulation and Evaluation of Rheological Properties of Polymeric Enteral Formula Containing Sodium Caseinate
Hilda Moghaddamkia Afshin Javadi Ali Tarighat Sfanjanic Akram Pezeshki NajafabadidIntroduction: Enteral nutrition depending on the formula used, results in several complications such as catheter obstruction, diarrhea and gastroesophageal reflux. The aims of this study were the formulation of suitable and appropriate enteral formulation followed by it MoreIntroduction: Enteral nutrition depending on the formula used, results in several complications such as catheter obstruction, diarrhea and gastroesophageal reflux. The aims of this study were the formulation of suitable and appropriate enteral formulation followed by its evaluation and the comparison of the rheological properties with the available commercial formula. Materials and Methods: In this applicable study from natural and available food items with caloric density of 1 kcal/mL enteral formulation containing recommended amount of macro/micronutrients has been developed. The rheological properties of prepared and commercial formulas were measured in triplicate order by using Physica Anton Paar rheometer model MCR 301. Data obtained from the rheological tests were processed using MATLAB software to determine the appropriate mathematical models. Statistical analyses, One-way ANOVA and Duncan tests (p<0.05) were performed with SPSS software. Results: The results showed that the viscosity of formulation using sodium caseinate and chiken puree was prepared and by increasing the shear rates, the viscosity was reduced, while in the case of commercial formula the viscosity was not depended on the shear rate and shear speed. There were not statistically significant differences between the viscosities of the two types of formulas. R square of Hershel bulkely model for both formulas were over 98% and hershel bulkely model was the best model to describe the flow characteristics of formulas. Viscoelastic modulus values (G' and G˝) of developed formulas were higher than the commercial sample. Conclusion: By changing the type of protein formula using a mixture of sodium caseinate and chiken puree, the rheological properties of polymeric entreal formula as compared to the existing formulas in the market containing mixtures of sodium caseinate and soy protein isolate has been changed and due to the high nutritional value and appropraite rheological properties it might be suggested to be used as nutritional support for patients who need tube feeding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Partitioning Studies of Alpha-amylase in Aqueous Two Phase System Composing of Polyethylene Glycol and Tri-Sodium Citrate
مریم Karimi N. Hadidi Gh. Pazuki Sh. AbdolrahimiIntroduction: One of the scenario for separation of biotechnology products is the application of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) rather than traditional extraction by using solvent. The ATPSs are applicable method for separation and purification of biomolecules mixture MoreIntroduction: One of the scenario for separation of biotechnology products is the application of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) rather than traditional extraction by using solvent. The ATPSs are applicable method for separation and purification of biomolecules mixture. The ATPS can be applied for protein purification of biomolecules from suspension broth. The goal of the present research is the study of partitioning of -amylase in polymer-salt aqueous two-phase system composed of polyethylene glycol with molecular weight of 1000 and tri-sodium citrate salt as a biocompatible salt. Materials and Methods: The aim of this research is to study partitioning of α-amylase enzyme in an aqueous two phase system. The system consists of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with molecular weight of 1000 and tri-sodium citrate that is a biocompatible salt. Results: The results for partitioning of enzyme in ATPS has been modeled and statistically analyzed; and indicated that the partition coefficient of -amylase in the system has the maximum amount of 2.681. Conclusion: In this research it has been proved that ATPS components concentration has an effect on the enzyme partition coefficient. Using experimental results, -amylase has a great tendency to be placed in the PEG rich phase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The Effect of Emulsifying Salts on Physicochemical Properties and Enzymatic Gelation Time of Skim Milk
Mahdokht Ehteshami Hamid Ezzatpanah Soleyman Abbasi Mohammad Hadi GivianradIntroduction: Milk proteins are able to form gel under different situations such as heating, acidification, adding the enzymes and emulsifying salts. In this study, the effect of adding tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) and trisodium citrate (TSC) on physicochemical prop MoreIntroduction: Milk proteins are able to form gel under different situations such as heating, acidification, adding the enzymes and emulsifying salts. In this study, the effect of adding tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) and trisodium citrate (TSC) on physicochemical properties and rennet gelation time of unheated and heated skim milk was investigated. Materials and Methods: 2 to 10 mM TSPP and TSC were added to unheated and heated reconstituted skim milk. The pH, electro-conductivity (EC), and turbidity of samples were measured and upon the rennet treatment, the gelation time and water holding capacity (WHC) of treated samples were determined.Results: Based on our findings, addition of TSPP and TSC increased the pH and EC while it decreased the turbidity of the samples. Moreover, the presence of these salts extended the rennet gelation time of induced casein gels and gelation was only observed in the samples containing 2 and 4 mM TSC, and 4, 6, and 8 mM TSPP. The WHC of the samples was increased as well.Conclusion: TSPP and TSC resulted in dispersing the casein and forming a new gel networks, that can contribute to the improvement of some properties of milk products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Development and Evaluation of Color Parameteres of Curcumin Nanocomplex
SH. Shaykhzadeh M. Alizadeh M. Rezazad H. HamishehkarIntroduction: Color is the fundamental qualitative characteristic of food products. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol found in the rizome of the turmeric. Curcumin, possesses multiple biological activities. However, its application is limited due to its poor water solubi MoreIntroduction: Color is the fundamental qualitative characteristic of food products. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol found in the rizome of the turmeric. Curcumin, possesses multiple biological activities. However, its application is limited due to its poor water solubility and instability under adverse conditions. Encapsulation is a way to overcome these challenges. The aim of this study was to develop curcumin-loaded nanocapsules and evaluate the particle size and color parameters of the prepared product. Materials and Methods: Initially, the organic phase (curcumin in ethanol) was introduced to aqueous phase (sodium caseinate, gum arabic and Tween 20). By reduction of the pH from 7 to 4.8, 5 and 5.2 nanoparticles were formed. Measurement of the particle size was carried outbyusing particle size analyzer. Color indices were determined using a Hunter lab. Box-Behnken design was used to explore the effects of 4 independent variables consisting of sodium caseinate (0.1-0.3 %w/w), gum arabic (0.5-1% w/w), Tween 20 (0.1, 0.2 %w/w) and pH (4.8, 5, 5.2) on the responses. Results: Theresults of the analysis showed that the effects of linear, quadratic and interaction of parameters on responses were significant. By increasing the biopolymers concentration, the particles size was increased from 120 nm to 984 nm. By increasing the concentration of sodium caseinate the brightness of samples was reduced.Samples containing Tween 20 had brightness and higher L*. In general, by reducing the particle size the color intensity of the samples was increased. Conclusion: The best sample regarding the smallest particle size and curcumin color index was obtained at the concentration of 0.2 % sodium caseinate, 0.75 % gum arabic, 0.1 %Tween 20 and pH of 5. These nanodispersions might be useful as a hydrophobic nutrient delivery system as well as color factor for utilisation in functional food and beverage products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The Effects of Sodium and Calcium Chloride Salts on the Characteristics of Basil Seed Gum
فخرالدین Salehi مهدی KashaniIntroduction: Hydrocolloids or gums are defined as macromolecules that could dissolve or disperse in water and give viscous solutions or gels. In this study, the effect of salts at different concentrations on the rheological properties of Basil seed gum solution was stu MoreIntroduction: Hydrocolloids or gums are defined as macromolecules that could dissolve or disperse in water and give viscous solutions or gels. In this study, the effect of salts at different concentrations on the rheological properties of Basil seed gum solution was studied. Materials and Methods: The effects of sodium and calcium chloride at concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1% on the rheological properties of Basil seed gum solution (0.2%) were investigated. Rheological properties of solutions were measured by a Brookfield rotational viscometer. Results: In all solutions, with increasing shear rate, the apparent viscosity decreased, indicating the pseudoplastic behavior of Basil seed gum. Interactions between gum and salts decreased the viscosity of solutions and the amount of viscosity change depends on the type of salt. Apparent viscosity is clearly decreased from 8.1 to 1.9 mPa.s with increasing sodium chloride concentration from 0.1 to 1 % (shear rate=61.2 s-1). Conclusion: Power law model well described the non-Newtonian behavior of Basil seed gum in the presence of salts. Fitting with this model showed that the consistency coefficient (k) and flow behavior index (n) were influenced by the type and the concentration of salts content. Addition of sodium and calcium chloride led to increases in flow behavior index and decreases in pseudoplastic properties of the solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Investigation of the Effect of Guar and Xanthan Gum and Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate on Qualitative Properties of Gluten-Free Sponge Cake, Based on Maize Starch and Okara
M. Keshavarzipour H. Abbasi M. FazelIntroduction: Celiac is an autoimmune disease resulting from disorder in gluten digestion. Several researches have been made on its treatment and control. Gluten-free diet might be considered as the safest method. The purpose of the present study is to formulate gluten- MoreIntroduction: Celiac is an autoimmune disease resulting from disorder in gluten digestion. Several researches have been made on its treatment and control. Gluten-free diet might be considered as the safest method. The purpose of the present study is to formulate gluten-free sponge cake based on okara (side product of soybean milk), as an appropriate protein and fiber based material and maize starch and improvement of its properties by using suitable additives. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the effects of guar and xanthan (%0-3) and sodium stearoyl lactylate (%0-1) on gluten-free cake properties based on okara and maize starch have been studied. The effects of independent variables on texture, color, density and porosity of the samples were modeled using response surface methodology. Results: By increasing the emulsifier, hardness, apparent modulus and chewiness decreased while springiness of the samples increased. The addition of more hydrocolloids had a reverse effect and led to increases in density and crust chrome. Finally the optimum concentration levels of variables were 1.2% xanthan and 1% sodium stearoyl lactylate in order to obtain the best qualitative properties. Conclusion: The application of appropriate additives at optimum levels is effective to improve the qualitative properties of prepared cake based on maize starch and okara. Due to the existence of high protein and fiber in okara, optimized sample had more nutritional value and less retrogradiation rate during storage than the control. This feature was related to the humidity retention of materials and the effects on reducing starch retrogradiation. Textural cohesiveness of optimum sample was maintained during storage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Application of Pomegranate Peel Extract (PPE) with Sodium Alginate (Alg-Na) Coating on Fruit Decay Control and Quality Postharvest of Sweet Lemon Fruit cv Mahali
L. Taherpour M. Hosseinifarahi M. RadiIntroduction: Replacement of synthetic pesticides and antifungal compounds with naturalones for reducing the decay of agricultural products is a challenge in the industry.Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effects of sodium alginate (Alg-Na) andpomegrana MoreIntroduction: Replacement of synthetic pesticides and antifungal compounds with naturalones for reducing the decay of agricultural products is a challenge in the industry.Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effects of sodium alginate (Alg-Na) andpomegranate peel extract (PPE) on reduction of decay and improving the postharvest qualityof sweet lemon fruit, an experiment based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with sixtreatments and three replications was conducted. Treatments included Control (C), SodiumAlginate (Alg-Na 1%), PPE, PPE/Water ratio of 1:1, PPE/Water ratio of 1:2, PPE/Water ratioof 2:1 combined with Alg-Na 1%. Treated fruits were kept for 35 days at 20 oC and the fruitcharacteristics were evaluated at seven day intervals. Traits such as weight loss%, fruitfirmness (N), total acidity (TA %), pH, TSS%, vitamin C, fruit skin color (a*, b* and L*) andorganoleptic properties were measured.Results: The results showed that postharvest application of PPE and Alg-Na 1% hadsignificant effect on maintenance of sweet lemon in storage as compared to untreated fruits.The lowest fruit decay and microbial concentration was obtained in fruit treated with PPE andAlg-Na 1% as compared to other treatments. The lowest weight loss% was obtained in fruittreated with PPE and Alg-Na 1% and the highest was observed in untreated fruits. Fruittreated with PPE and Alg-Na 1% showed the highest fruit firmness at the end of storageperiod as compared to the control. The highest vitamin C at the end of storage was observedin fruit treated with PPE and Alg-Na 1%. The sensory test showed that consumer'sacceptability was increased by increasing the PPE concentration plus at Alg-Na 1%.Conclusion: Our study suggests that the use of PPE combined alginate coating has thepotential to maintain sweet lemon quality and extend its postharvest life to 35 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Investigating the Possibility of Producing Low-sodium Yoghurt Drink Containing Dill Essential Oil and Potassium Chloride
S. Samaee L. Nateghi S. BerenjyIntroduction: Yoghurt Drink is an Iranian dairy drink with nutritional benefits. However dueto the presence of sodium chloride salt, it restricts the its use in people with hypertension. Onthe other hand, the antifungal and antibacterial effects and desirable aroma of d MoreIntroduction: Yoghurt Drink is an Iranian dairy drink with nutritional benefits. However dueto the presence of sodium chloride salt, it restricts the its use in people with hypertension. Onthe other hand, the antifungal and antibacterial effects and desirable aroma of dill essential oilhave been confirmed. Therefore, in order to help patients with blood pressure and to takeadvantage of the health benefits of Yoghurt Drink, a low-salt Yoghurt Drink product with thereplacement of potassium chloride instead of sodium chloride and the use of dill essential oilis produced to improve the taste and increase the shelf life of the Yoghurt Drink.Materials and Methods: Salts were substituted in Yoghurt Drink formulations withconcentrations of 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100% by potassium chloride alone and with 0.3%of dill essential oil. Therefore, 10 treatments were designed according to completelyrandomized design. Physicochemical tests including acidity, pH, sedimentation, dry matterand sediment, mold and coliform, and sensory evaluation (taste, salinity, oral sensation, totalacceptance) were camied out in triplicate orden on the first and sixty days of maintenance.Results: The results of the tests were analyzed according to Duncan's one-way ANOVA testat 95% confidence level. The results of physicochemical and microbial properties showed thatreplacement of sodium salt with potassium chloride had no significant effect on acidity, pH,sedimentation, dry matter (p < 0.05). According to the results, by increasing the concentrationof potassium salt in respect of sodium salt at concentrations higher than 50% in the presenceof 0.3% of the essential oil, the organoleptic properties of the product significantly decreased(p < 0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study proved the possibility of replacing sodium salts withpotassium salts up to 50% in the presence of 0.3% of essential oils, without undesirableeffects on the physico-chemical, microbial and organoleptic properties of the product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Studying of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Effects of Sodium Ascorbate, Sodium Acetate and Sodium Citrate on the Shelf Life of Packaged Minced Veal Meat
S. Tehraninejad A. Sharifan S. Ayoughi Poor TaftiIntroduction: Meat product are susceptible to spoilage during cold shortage due to microbial activities and fat oxidation. In this study, the application of sodium ascorbate, sodium acetate and sodium citrate as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in packaged minced ve MoreIntroduction: Meat product are susceptible to spoilage during cold shortage due to microbial activities and fat oxidation. In this study, the application of sodium ascorbate, sodium acetate and sodium citrate as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in packaged minced veal meat was investigated and evaluated. Materials and Methods: In order to carry out this research work, meat samples were minced and immersed in sterile solutions of sodium ascorbate, sodium citrate and sodium acetate at different concentrations for 10 minutes. The samples were packed in poly ethylene containers with stretch PVC coating and kept in 4 and -18°C for 0, 7 and 14 days. then Microbial (Aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Coliform, E. Coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Yeast and Mold count) evaluations and chemical analysis (TBA, Myoglobin concentration) and determination of color changes were carried out on the sample. Results: The results of this study showed that during 14-day review period at -18 ° C, there were significant changes in physico-chemical and microbial characteristics, therefor TBA values, pH, myoglobin concentration, color changes among the treatments, containing sodium acetate 1%, sodium citrate 0.5%, sodium ascorbate 0.5%), it was at lowest level while, in the control sample were at the highest level during storage. The use of these compounds at -18 ° C has also a significant effect on inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. Conclusion: The Addition of sodium acetate (1%), sodium citrate (0.5%) and sodium ascorbate (0.5%) are recommended in order to increase the shelf life of minced veal meat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Evaluation of Emprical Models for Sediment Yield Prediction at Semi-Arid Small Watershed using Measured Data
Ali Bagherian kalat Ali Akbar Abbasi Seyed Masoud SoleimanpourBackground and Objective: Due to the lack of sediment stations in most of the country's watersheds outlets and inadequacy of data, experimental models can be important tools for the production of these information layers. Common Empirical model in Iran is EPM. Method: MoreBackground and Objective: Due to the lack of sediment stations in most of the country's watersheds outlets and inadequacy of data, experimental models can be important tools for the production of these information layers. Common Empirical model in Iran is EPM. Method: Since this model has been designed in other countries, it is necessary to examine its performance in Iran. The main objective of the project is Model situations with nature and complete database available about erosion and its affecting factors. In implementing this plan, 4 small soil dams in Kardeh Dam and five sub-basins have a pond to collect runoff and sediment in Sanganeh of Kalat was selected. These catchment areas were studied and information layers for EPM model produced. Amounts of sediment were estimated and were compared with observed sediment. Findings: The results indicated that the uncalibrated FMS model overestimated the eroded materials. Results of the EPM and calibrated FMS model indicated 0.66 and 0.35 Nash-Sutcliff efficiency. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, we can accept the estimated results of this model as somewhat reliable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Analyzing the Conflict of Allocating Environmental Water Share Among Rival Governmental Organizations
Hossein Zanjanian Mohammad Hossein Niksokhan Mojtaba Ardestani Hamid Abdolabadi Mehdi GhorbaniBackground and Objective: Since allocating water to satisfy environmental water share can cause a conflict among governmental organizations supplying water, withdrawing water, and protecting the ecosystem, recognizing and analyzing such situations is paramount significa MoreBackground and Objective: Since allocating water to satisfy environmental water share can cause a conflict among governmental organizations supplying water, withdrawing water, and protecting the ecosystem, recognizing and analyzing such situations is paramount significance and can avoid encountering serious conflicts. In this research, we analyzed the actions of involved organizations which are either using or supplying water from Ilam’s dam to find the equilibria and the possible outcomes of the conflict. Method: We used Graph Model for Conflict Resolution to study the actions and strategies of rival organizations managing water allocation and involving in water conflict. The involved organizations are determined based on uses of Ilam’s dam. To define the strategies, all the measures and decisions of these organizations have been studied since 2005. In addition, the effect of drought years on the players’ actions is taken into account. Finally, we compared the status-quo with the results of the base line strategy of the model. Findings: Equilibria results suggest that in states 27 and 32 the Jihad Agriculture Organization and the Water and Wastewater Companyare interested in withdrawing more water to achieve their goals. As a result, the Department of Environment will complain against them to protect ecosystem and provide the required environmental water share. In this case, the Regional Water Authority and the Governorship can play a dominant role in accomplishing to the stable outcomes. Furthermore, it is shown that the status-quo is not stable. Discussion and Conclusion: Analyzing this conflict indicates that all players have enough power to change the game's output. Therefore, their goals and measures can effectively change the equilibria and the future of the conflict Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Impact of Initial Hydration of Bentonite on Its Plasticity Properties Change in Interaction with Organic Contaminant
Vahidreza Ouhadi Zeinab Aghaei Kambiz BehniaBackground and Objective: The compacted clay liners (CCLs) due to their low permeability and suitable capability for contaminant retention are widely used in engineering waste disposal sites. Generally, the change in properties of soil pore fluid has a very distinguishe MoreBackground and Objective: The compacted clay liners (CCLs) due to their low permeability and suitable capability for contaminant retention are widely used in engineering waste disposal sites. Generally, the change in properties of soil pore fluid has a very distinguished impact on the behaviour of clayey soils. In spite of several researches, which have been performed on the process of clay and organic contaminant interaction, there are few researches on the influence of dielectric constant of organic contaminant and initial hydration of bentonite on the geotechnical and geo-environmental properties of organic contaminated bentonite. Such a process is very common in many industrial and waste disposal projects. Methods: This research was performed on sodium-bentonite soil samples which were exposed to two different organic materials (Ethanol and Acetic Acid) which have different dielectric constant. Furthermore, two different pre-hydration and post-hydration conditions were studied in this research. After achieving equilibrium condition, the influence of initial hydration and change on the dielectric constant of pore fluid upon interaction of organic material and bentonite was investigated. The investigation focuses attention on the plasticity properties of bentonite by the use of Atterberg limit tests. Findings: The achieved results indicate that in Casagrande's plasticity chart, two pre-hydrated sodium-bentonite soil samples which were exposed further to ethanol and acetic acid are classified as CH and shifted from CH to MH, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The change on the dielectric constant of pore fluid and different hydration conditions cause a change on the thickness of the double layer of clay fraction of the soil. This causes a noticeable change on the structure and behaviour of clay fraction of the soil sample. This variation on bentonite behaviour has been discussed based on the current available theory of double layer. Furthermore, the theoretical limitation for interpretation of results has been addressed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Determination Zooplankton Spatial, Temporal and Population Structure Changes of the Bukan Dam Using Geo-statistics
Ali Mohsenpour Azari Feridoon Mohebbi Reza SokoutiBackground and Objective: This study was performed to investigate the spatial and temporal changes of the zooplankton population in the Bukan reservoir and to map these variations for agricultural and fisheries exploitation. Method: The samples were taken monthly from MoreBackground and Objective: This study was performed to investigate the spatial and temporal changes of the zooplankton population in the Bukan reservoir and to map these variations for agricultural and fisheries exploitation. Method: The samples were taken monthly from eight sampling sites during 2015. The samples were filtered through a 55-micron mesh size filter, fixed by 4% formalin and enumerated by an inverted microscope. Geo-statistics interpolation method in GIS (GS+ software) was used to reveal spatial changes of zooplankton and to estimate it in non-sampled points. The cross validation method was used to evaluate and compare the geostatistical methods. Findings: Spherical model fitness on the empirical semi-variogram of zooplankton density in the winter provided the results that indicated the radius of semi- variogram effect is 7280 m. The correlation coefficient of the fitted model was 0.995. The Kriging method with error of -53.42 was selected as a suitable model for spatial assessment of zooplankton density. Discussion and Conclusion: Most of the zooplankton population is in the summer and the lowest was seen in the spring. The maximum number of zooplanktons at the beginning of the Bukan dam which regularly reduced towards end of the dam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Biosorption of Mn (II) and Removal of Reactive Black B by Combined Biosorption-U/H2O2 Processesin Unit Reactor from Wastewater
rana khalilnezhad reza marandi Morteza KhosraviBackground and Objective: Heavy metals and dyes are released into the environment by industrial activities and technological development more than natural. Because of their toxicity, they have anomalous effects on the environment and on the health of organisms, especial MoreBackground and Objective: Heavy metals and dyes are released into the environment by industrial activities and technological development more than natural. Because of their toxicity, they have anomalous effects on the environment and on the health of organisms, especially humans. Method: In this research, two methods of advanced oxidation and biological adsorption were combined in a single reactor and the pollutants were introduced into the reactor and the percentages of their removal were investigated. . The UV / H2O2 process was used to remove the RBB dye and to remove the manganese ion from a biological adsorbent fixed in sodium alginate. After performing these two processes in the batch system and considering the optimum conditions in the unit reactor, these two processes were combined and the granules were poured into a polyethylene filter and placed inside the reactor embedded in the center of the UV lamp. Findings: According to the results of TOC and COD, it was found that in the case of only UV / H2O2 process, the percent removal of TOC and COD were 35% and 79.5%, respectively, but in the combined condition, the percentage of TOC reduction was 56% and COD It reaches 90.22%. Discussion and Conclusion: The results have shown that the removal efficiency both in terms of decolorization and mineralization is negligible when UV, H2O2 or biosorbent are used alone. Among combining AOP with- biological process schemes tested, we found that the UV/H2O2/biosorbent process was the most effective in reducing the COD, color and TOC of decolorization Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Increasing Water Quality Modeling Efficiency by Separating the Year into Hot and Cold Months (Case of Study: Watershed of Sanandaj Gheshlagh Dam)
Seyed Pedram Nainiva Kamran ChapiBackground and Objective: Nowadays, water is considered as one of the factors for improvement and economic growth of societies. The hot and cold seasons of the year and its comparison with the non-segregation of the hot and cold seasons are 26 years. Method: In this stu MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, water is considered as one of the factors for improvement and economic growth of societies. The hot and cold seasons of the year and its comparison with the non-segregation of the hot and cold seasons are 26 years. Method: In this study, after studying the accuracy of discharge data, electrical conductivity, soluble matter, chlorine, calcium, sodium, magnesium, acidity and sodium uptake ratio of the two stations, it was tried to find appropriate regression relationships between discharge parameter and qualitative parameters. Provide water. Findings: The results showed that the Chehelgazi sub-watershed in cold months, the liner relationship between discharge with electrical conductivity, dissolved solids, chloride and sodium and also the exponential relationship was suitable between discharging with calcium. In warm months for this sub-watershed, the linear relationship presented the suitable relationship between discharge with dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, magnesium, calcium, sodium and the sodium adsorption. Also, the linear relationship was suitable between discharge with dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, chloride and sodium whereas the exponential relationship was better between the discharging with calcium in Khalifehtarkhan sub-watershed. In this sub-watershed, for warm months, the linear relationship was suitable for the relationship between discharge with dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, chloride, sodium and sodium adsorption. The separation comparison of cold and warm months with non-separation showed that non-separation of cold and warm months is not possible the chloride and magnesium estimation (in Chehelgazi sub-watershed) and calcium estimation (in Khalifetarkhan sub-watershed). Discussion and Conclusion: using obtained relationships and seasonal changes of surface waters quality, with discharge rate can create modeling water quality, extraction and recovery of water quality data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Modified ICOLD Results Equivalency with the Aim of Using the Decision of Iranian Leopold Procedure in Water Resource Development Projects (Case Study: The Physical Environment of Peyghamchay Dam)
Ali Dehnavi Kamran KouzehgarBackground and Objective: Different methods are used in environmental impact assessment (EIA), like matrix methods which are included Leopold, Moore, conventional and modified ICOLD and etc. Since the conventional and modified ICOLD results are mainly qualitative MoreBackground and Objective: Different methods are used in environmental impact assessment (EIA), like matrix methods which are included Leopold, Moore, conventional and modified ICOLD and etc. Since the conventional and modified ICOLD results are mainly qualitative and decision making for implementation or non- implementation of the project would be difficult. Therefore, the aim of present study is offering strategy to normalize the results of modified ICOLD in order to compare with the results of Iranian Leopold method, while investigation and comparison between the results of the EIA has been taken by using the conventional and modified ICOLD matrices. Method: For this purpose, we used the EIA tools on the physical environment and only at the construction phase of Peyghamchay embankment dam, as a case study. Initial scrutiny was performed using both conventional and modified ICOLD points out that although the number of positive and negative impacts are the same in groups (+96, -235), but the impact values was quite different in two methods. Findings: The value of positive impacts of conventional and modified ICOLD are +156.0 and +260.2 and the value of negative impacts are -341.0 and -392.8, respectively. These amounts indicate an increase in the value of positive and negative impacts of 66.8 and 15.2 percent in modified ICOLD method compared to conventional, respectively. The normalized results of modified ICOLD method point out that the final value of physical environment impacts compared with principles of decision-making in Iranian Leopold method amounts to +0.83 and -1.08 for positive and negative results, respectively. In this case, for the physical environment, implementation of the project can only be carried out by recommended reforms. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the strategy presented in this research (the normalization of the results in modified ICOLD method), this method can be utilized exclusively and effectively, therefore, there would be no need to use the both methods for evaluation at the same time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Evaluation of land capability for developing Agriculture and Range management (Case Study: Tajyar dam basin in East Azerbaijan Province)
Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Nafiseh Rezapoor AndabiliBackground and Objective: In the present era that a variety of changes in the natural environment has been created, we are obliged to plan and manage land on the basis of the actual and potential of study areaʼs land to achieve sustainable development. The aim of this s MoreBackground and Objective: In the present era that a variety of changes in the natural environment has been created, we are obliged to plan and manage land on the basis of the actual and potential of study areaʼs land to achieve sustainable development. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ecological potential for agriculture, range management and determine the consistency of current account agriculture, range management with ecological potential users of this area.Material and Methodology: In this research, first by looking at the different sources and standards, criteria and sub-criteria were selected. The main criteria used in this study include: Soil maps, geology, topography, climate, vegetation, water and land use. Then, layers were evaluated by designing and distributing questionnaires and were weighed by AHP and binary comparison matrix. Finally, all the layers were combined using a weighted linear combination method and the final ecological map can be obtained.Findings: In the final map for the development of agriculture and pasture lands that were taken in 1394, there is not classes 1, 2 and 7of agriculture - range management applications in the final map of these users because the topography, over the rest of the criteria limits the possibility of the agricultural grade 1 and 2 in the study area and from the perspective of range management standards, to the 3rd floor can be seen in the study area. Agricultural Grade 3 is the highest with 31.9% and pasture Grade 3 is the lowest with 11.5% of the land proportion .Discussion and Conclusion: The findings suggest that the combination of AHP and GIS has a high potential for ecological capability evaluation of land for agricultural - range management applications and given that Tajyar dam basin has the potential to develop agricultural activities and pasture In case of exploitation in line with the ecological, local people will be benefited from the effects of the economic expansion of these activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Evaluation of Ecological Potential of Tajyar Dam Catchment Basin for Forestry Use by AHP Method
Nafiseh Rezapoor Andabili Farahnaz RashidiBackground and Objective: Ecological planning is the logical solution to breaking the cycle of community poverty and environmental crisis and creating the necessary framework for sustainable development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ecological potential MoreBackground and Objective: Ecological planning is the logical solution to breaking the cycle of community poverty and environmental crisis and creating the necessary framework for sustainable development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ecological potential of forestry use in Tajyar dam watershed in East Azarbaijan province and to evaluate the current adaptation of forestry use to the ecological potential of the area for this use. Method: In this investigation, firstly, criteria and sub criteria were selected through investigation of different resources and obtaining needed standards. Then, using Delphi’s questioner the criteria and sub criteria were weighted and AHP was used to weight the criteria. Finally all layers were combined using weighted combination method and the area’s final map of ecological potential was prepared. Findings: Considering the investigations carried out in this field, three potentials of low, moderate and high dedicated 3752 hectares (35%), 3282 hectares (31%) and 3627 hectares (34%), respectively, of total 10898 area of the study land. In general, only 3.87% of the area is used appropriately with its ecological potential for forestry use. Discussion and Conclusion: Findings of the study indicated that combination of AHP and GIS has higher capability of evaluating ecological potential of the land for forestry use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Seismic Assessment of Environment Friendly Dams (CSG Dam)
Amir Arefian Ali Noorzad Mohsen Ghaemian Abbas HosseiniBackground and Objective: Trapezoidal Cemented Sand and Gravel Dam(trapezoidal CSG dams) are new type of dams which recently considered as environmental point of view specially. These types of dams have less negative effect on environment specially compare to concrete w MoreBackground and Objective: Trapezoidal Cemented Sand and Gravel Dam(trapezoidal CSG dams) are new type of dams which recently considered as environmental point of view specially. These types of dams have less negative effect on environment specially compare to concrete weight dams. Considering the positive environmental performance of these dams, it’s important to assess their structural performance. Method: As the dynamic researches on CSG dams are so limited, this research will analysis the trapezoidal CSG dams using finite element method with ABAQUS software. Findings: To calculate earthquake damages, fragility curves plotted based on damage index which is the length of cracks on the dam base and areas of the cracks on dam. Discussion and Conclusion: The final results of this research shows trapezoidal CSG dams comparing with concrete dams showing a good structure resistance and in some other sampels they showed a better performance than concrete gravity dams, considering the materials in trapezoidal CSG dams weakened to reduce the negative environment aspect of dams. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Uncertainty Evaluation of ANN and ANFIS Models in Inflow Forecasting into the Raees-Ali Delvari Dam
Ali Eskandari Roohollah Noori Mohammad Reza Vesali Naseh Farimah SaeediBackground and Objective: Accurate information about the river flow significantly influences the water resources management for the communities that use the water. In this regard, this study aims to present a reliable prediction of the monthly discharge of Shahpour Rive MoreBackground and Objective: Accurate information about the river flow significantly influences the water resources management for the communities that use the water. In this regard, this study aims to present a reliable prediction of the monthly discharge of Shahpour River, inflow to Raees-Ali Delvari Dam, located in the Boushehr Province, Iran. Methods: To forecast the monthly inflow to Raees-Ali Delvari Dam, the artificial intelligence models, i.e. artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), were applied. Also, uncertainty determination of the both models was carried out in order to improve the application of their results in the management decisions in the water sector. In this regard, the simulated results of the models, tuned with the different pattern of calibration data, were used. Two indices, i.e. the width of confidence band (d-factor) and the values bracketed by 95 percent prediction uncertainties (95PPU) were applied in order to evaluate the models’ uncertainty. Findings: Results of tuned ANN and ANFIS models indicated that although the both models had the appropriate values of determination coefficient (R2) and mean absolute error (MAE), their performance was along with considerable errors in the high extreme values. Besides, a look at through the uncertainty results of the models indicated the ANFIS model, that included the less d-factor and higher 95PPU values, had less uncertainty than the ANN. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the same performance of the both ANN and ANFIS models in the calibration and test steps, it can be concluded that the ANFIS model was the best selection for monthly inflow prediction into Raees-Ali Delvari Dam due to its less uncertainty that ANN model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Removal of Cationic Dye Malachite Green from Aqueous Solutions Using a Mixture of Carrageenan and Sodium Alginate Biopolymers in the Presence of Montmorillonite Nanoclay
Behjat Farrokhi Nasim Ziaefar Hossein SheikhloieBackground and Objectives: Cationic dye malachite green is one of the most important toxic compounds in industrial wastewater. Typically, physicochemical or biological methods are used to water treatment and wastewater containing high concentrations of malachite green. MoreBackground and Objectives: Cationic dye malachite green is one of the most important toxic compounds in industrial wastewater. Typically, physicochemical or biological methods are used to water treatment and wastewater containing high concentrations of malachite green. In the present study nanocomposite hydrogels based on carrageenan and sodium alginate in the presence of sodium montmorillonite as Nano clay were synthesized and then used to study the absorption of malachite green from aqueous samples. Methods: Acrylamide was used as a monomer, methylene base acrylamide as an organic cross linker and potassium sulfate as an initiator. The adsorption of cationic dye malachite green by the nanocomposite hydrogels was investigated. The structures of nanocomposite hydrogels were investigated by (FTIR, XRD and SEM) techniques. The effect analytical parameters such as pH, contact time for the removal of dye material by synthesized nanocomposite hydrogels were investigated and optimal conditions were obtained. Finding: According to the results, synthesized nanocomposite hydrogels are sensitive to pH and changes in the amount of carrageenan and sodium alginate. Equilibrium absorption time is 3 hours. The absorption isotherm with Langmuir model and absorption kinetics was more suitable for pseudo-second order kinetic models. Discussion & Conclusion: The rate of removal of malachite green dye increases with increasing amount of Nano clay in the acidic medium. Finally, it can be concluded that the bio-polymer mixture of carrageenan and sodium alginate in the presence of sodium montmorillonite nanoclay is a suitable absorbent to remove the malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Thermal Stratification of Seymareh Dam Using Two-Dimensional, Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model: CE-QUAL-W2
Nasim Shabani ali rahmanifiroozjaee Ozeair AbessiBackground: Thermal stratification in the reservoir changes the physical, chemical and biological quality at different levels. Temperature conditions of the reservoirs can be predicted using mathematical models. CE-QUAL-W2 is a two-dimensional, hydrodynamic and water qu MoreBackground: Thermal stratification in the reservoir changes the physical, chemical and biological quality at different levels. Temperature conditions of the reservoirs can be predicted using mathematical models. CE-QUAL-W2 is a two-dimensional, hydrodynamic and water quality model that is used for thermal stratification regarding its capabilities. Material and Methods: CE-QUAL-W2 is used for thermal stratification in Seymareh dam. Calibration is first step in modeling. Calibration is an iterative process whereby model coefficients are adjusted until an adequate fit of observed versus predicted data is obtained. CE-QUAL-W2 model has three calibrations phase including volume-elevation, water balance and thermal calibrations, all have done for model optimum performance. After the calibration, stratification results are extracted for the various months. Results: The root mean square error of calibration calculated by comparing the actual data and the observed data were 0.5, 0.05 and 1.62, respectively, indicating that the model for the layer Thermal conditioning is suitable. This stratification continues from March to December and culminates in autumn. The thickness of the surface layer of water, called the roller, varies from month to month. This difference is also seen in the middle layer or the thermocline in different months. The thickness of roller in December is more than other months. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on modeling information, it has been determined that the Seymareh Dam has a thermal stratification period. The presence of this layering in the reservoirs causes the organic matter and sedimentation of sediments to gradually increase in the bottom of the reservoir. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Performance to Determine the Inputs to the Artificial Neural Network for Prediction of Inflow into Alavian Dam
Saber Moazami Roohollah Noori Mohammad Reza Vesali Naseh Abbas AkbarzadehBackground and Objective: Dams play an important role in development of countries by drinking and agricultural water supply, flood control, hydropower energy supply and recreational purposes. Constructing a dam and making an artificial lake has an important effect on su MoreBackground and Objective: Dams play an important role in development of countries by drinking and agricultural water supply, flood control, hydropower energy supply and recreational purposes. Constructing a dam and making an artificial lake has an important effect on surrounding environment, so being able to forecast the inflow to the dam is an important issue for water resource management. Method: In this study artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to forecast the monthly inflow from Soofichai River to Alavian Dam. Regarding the huge amount of input data to ANN model and for optimizing its application, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) was used in order to determine the best inputs for ANN model . Finally, the application of ANN and POD-ANN models was evaluated by determination coefficient (R2), mean absolute error (MAE) and average of absolute relative error (AARE). Findings: Results of ANN and POD-ANN models indicated that although ANN output is close to the observed values of inflow to the dam, but it has significant errors. POD-ANN model showed better results than ANN model for high values of inflow. In generall, comparing R2, MAE and AARE values of two models revealed that POD-ANN model had better performance in both calibration and verification steps in comparison with ANN model. R2, MAE and AARE in verification step of POD-ANN model were 0.93, 0.79, and 0.54, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Preprocessing data contributes to better performance of POD-ANN than ANN model, especially in high values of inflow. Therefore, it can be concluded that applying data preprocessing and reducing inputs to ANN model enhances its performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The Behavior of Inflow to the Seimareh Dam in the Face of Climate Change Impacts
Mohammadreza Goodarzi Hamed Vagheei Mirrahim MousaviBackground and Objective: The importance of environment protection has caused different countries benefit from renewable and clean sources to generate electricity. This has led to the development of hydropower plants around the world. Also, there are different hydroelec MoreBackground and Objective: The importance of environment protection has caused different countries benefit from renewable and clean sources to generate electricity. This has led to the development of hydropower plants around the world. Also, there are different hydroelectric projects in Iran that the Seimareh Dam & Hydropower Plant is amongst them. Since climate change can alter the hydrologic conditions of different areas and the performance of hydraulic structures, this study aims to examine the impacts of this phenomenon on the inflow to the Seimareh Dam. Method: Climate conditions in the future period (2040 to 2069) are predicted for the study area using HadCM3 model under A2 and B2 scenarios as well as CanESM2 model under RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios by the Statistical DownScaling Method (SDSM model). Also, this study uses HEC-HMS hydrologic model to simulate river flow. Findings: The results of the present study show that temperature of the area increases in the future period to different scenarios, in such a way that the highest amount of increase for maximum and minimum temperature in the future period has been predicted for RCP8.5 respectively about 1.2 and 1.3 Centigrade. It is predicted that the mean annual amount of rainfall will reduce as well. Also, the assessment of simulated river flow shows that inflow to the Seimareh Dam will decrease about 5.2 to 13.4 percent in the future period. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the present study show the importance and necessity of considering the climate change impacts in designing important hydraulic structures such as dams and hydropower plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Environmental study of land degradation in Taleghan river basin scale with quantitative approach
Parisa Kharrazi Jamal Ghoddousi hasan Karimzadegan masoud Kheirkhah ZarkeshBackground and Objective: Land degradation or land degradation is an important global challenge and dilemma that ultimately leads to desertification and the expansion of deserts, especially in areas with arid, semi-arid and semi-humid climates. Poverty and lack of food MoreBackground and Objective: Land degradation or land degradation is an important global challenge and dilemma that ultimately leads to desertification and the expansion of deserts, especially in areas with arid, semi-arid and semi-humid climates. Poverty and lack of food security, combined with the occurrence of severe droughts and other adverse climatic conditions that put excessive pressure on fragile ecosystems and basic natural resources (water, soil and plants), in such areas and causes Deprivation of vital resources becomes. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics and criteria of each of the parameters and factors, both natural and man-made, affecting land degradation so that we can plan to manage them in order to preserve and restore environmental resource resources.Material and Methodology: In this research, using periodic remote sensing data, GIS, field observations and measurements and statistical methods are used and a quantitative model is used to estimate the results.Findings: Based on the obtained results, land degradation in Taleghan Dam watershed scale is a function of six factors: land slope, surface geological characteristics (rock units), soil properties, soil erosion facies by water, land protection and land use Among the factors affecting land degradation, the index of protection on the ground with a weight of 0.20 had the greatest impact on land degradation.Discussion and Conclusion: The proposed model can be used nationally as an efficient model in determining the rate (intensity) and extent of land degraded sites accurately to combat and manage the phenomenon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Influence of Salinity and Supplementary Calcium on Growth, Concentration of Some Nutrients and Quality of Tomato Fruit under Hydroponic Conditions
abolfazl azadi abdolmajid ronaghi zahra ahmadi mojtaba sadri zahra asadi saber heidariBackground and Objective: Soil salinity is one of the important stresses in agricultural production and plays an important role in reducing the growth of crops such as tomatoes. The proper concentration of calcium in salinity conditions is an important factor in control MoreBackground and Objective: Soil salinity is one of the important stresses in agricultural production and plays an important role in reducing the growth of crops such as tomatoes. The proper concentration of calcium in salinity conditions is an important factor in controlling sodium and chlorine toxicity and increasing the yield of sensitive plants especially tomatoes. This research was carried out to study the effect of salinity and supplemental calcium on growth, concentration of some nutrients and fruit quality of tomato under hydroponic conditions. Method: For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted on the based on a completely randomized design with three replications in year 89-90 in the greenhouse of the Soil Science Department of Shiraz University. The treatments consisted of three levels of salinity (0, 10 and 20 mM) from sodium chloride and three levels of calcium (0, 5 and 10 mM) from calcium nitrate source. Findings: The results showed that the application of supplemental calcium in saline conditions to the nutrient solution reduced the negative effects of salinity and high sodium and chloride on tomato growth, although this supplemental calcium did not improve the growth and yield of the fruit, but could be considered as a competitive factor in the absorption of other cations by the plant. Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that the sodium chloride had a negative effect on root and shoot dry weight, but this weight loss was significant only for the root (25.77% decrease compared to the control sample). Increasing salinity reduced the amount of nitrogen in the shoots. Changes in potassium were not significant in shoots, but in the root with increasing salinity and calcium, potassium absorption decreased. The lowest potassium uptake in the root was obtained from treatment with salinity of 20 mM and no supplemental calcium. Sodium chloride (salinity) treatment increased root and shoot sodium concentrations, and supplementation of calcium reduced the sodium concentration in them. The highest amount of magnesium absorption in shoots was in salinity treatment (20 mM) and without calcium, and the lowest magnesium adsorption was in non-saline treatments with 10 mM calcium. Salinity increased the concentration of manganese, zinc and copper in shoots and increased zinc in the root. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - The Effects of Constructing and Exploiting Karkheh Storage Dam on the Land Uses and Quality of Regional Water
Shahla Kaabzadeh Jamal Ghodousi Reza Arjmandi Nematollah Jaafarzadeh HaghighifardBackground and Objective: One of the most important outcomes of dam construction is changing land use and investigating its effect on changing water quality and disturbing ecosystem balance of rivers in dam`s downstream.this study was conducted in the downstream watersh MoreBackground and Objective: One of the most important outcomes of dam construction is changing land use and investigating its effect on changing water quality and disturbing ecosystem balance of rivers in dam`s downstream.this study was conducted in the downstream watershed of the Karkheh dam locating in the south-west of Iran to analyze influences of land use change resulting of construction of Karkheh dam on water quality of Karkheh river as one of the indicators for destruction of ecosystem balance of the study river.Method: In order to conduct the study periodical Land Sat TM and ETM+ images were used to assess land use change before and after construction of the dam. Comparative water quality data collected. Hydrometric station was also used to analyze possible existence of correlation and relationship between land use and water quality changes.Findings: Results of the study indicated that there is a significant correlation between land use change and water quality of the river in the low land of the Karkheh dam at confidence level of 95 and 99 per cent(p-value=0.05 and 0.01) Application of regression models to formulate relationships between area of different types of land use and amount of each one of the observed parameters of water quality indicated that increase in area of irrigated land due to the providing water is the main factor that tended to deterioration of water quality of rive trench in downstream of the Kharkheh Dam. While allowcated land for irrigated land in the study area is about 76%.Discussion and Conclusion: This study indicated that the allowed area allocated to irrigated agriculture was 46% of total basin of Karkheh dam`s downstream. Therefore, increasing irrigated agriculture use was the main reason for reducing the quality of river`s water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The Choice of Location of Underground Dams Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods TOPSIS and GIS in the Eastern Part of the Watershed of Gorganroud
Mohammad Reza Dahmardeh Ghaleno Ghasem Mirzaei Ehsan AlvandiBackground and Objective: Groundwater dams are structures that have the ability to block subcortical water, retain water in local aquifers or divert water to adjacent aquifers, raise groundwater levels, store and make available groundwater. Taking into account the envir MoreBackground and Objective: Groundwater dams are structures that have the ability to block subcortical water, retain water in local aquifers or divert water to adjacent aquifers, raise groundwater levels, store and make available groundwater. Taking into account the environmental and socio-economic benefits of underground dams, proper location is the first step in the construction of these dams. New and innovative methods for correct location reduce the risks associated with improper location and construction of underground dams. For this purpose, in this research, through the use of multi-criteria decision-making methods along with the high capabilities of ArcGIS software, suitable location of underground dams in the eastern part of Gorganrood watershed in Golestan province has been done. Method: Criteria were considered including slope, drainage, geology, topography, land use, fault, soil texture, and positions of village. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to weighting the criteria. Then the TOPSIS technique is used to integrate criteria maps and locating underground dams. Findings: A consistency rate of 0.03, showed a relatively high accuracy of weighting process. Considering the normal weights, slope and positions of village were found to be the most and the least effective criteria, respectively. The results showed that the study area is classified into four categories for constructing underground dams: very suitable, suitable, partly suitable and unsuitable. The unsuitable category has the highest percentage of the surface area (76.7 percent) and the very suitable category has the lowest percentage of the surface area (2.1 percent). Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion, with considering high capacities of multiple-criteria decision-making methods and GIS in locating underground dams, as expert opinions are more accurate and data are newer and it is more possible to get better results from these techniques and tools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Investigation of Land Use Change Using Landscape Ecology Approach (Case study: Zagros Dam Basin in Gilan Gharb)
Parisa Pirouzinejad maryam morovati Nooshin PirouzinejadBackground and Objective: The Zagros Dam watershed in Kermanshah Province is enclosed by the cities of Dalaho, Sarpol Zahab, Islamabad Gharb and Gilan Gharb and has experienced drastic land use changes in the last decade. The aim of the study was to investigate the chan MoreBackground and Objective: The Zagros Dam watershed in Kermanshah Province is enclosed by the cities of Dalaho, Sarpol Zahab, Islamabad Gharb and Gilan Gharb and has experienced drastic land use changes in the last decade. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in land use using land surface ecology measures, due to the change in Zagros oak forests and data provision, lack of agricultural land, soil erosion and flooding in the area. Material and Methodology: Landsat 8 satellite images from 2010 and 2020 were used in this study. After the necessary image pre-processing, educational patterns were identified using false-colour imagery (FCC) and vegetation index (NDVI). Classification was done using 730 training points from agricultural, forest, pasture and residential areas using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Maximum Likelihood Theory. Land surface measurements were used at two levels of class and landscape, and the changes that occurred in the landscape were quantified. After calculating the changes using the Markov chain, the potential of changes between different land uses was obtained for the year 2030. Findings: ¬ According to the results, the area of agricultural land use in 2010 was 23,933.43 hectares, which increased to 25,344.09 hectares in 2020, indicating the dominance of this land use in the changes that occurred. Forest and pasture land use showed a decreasing trend. Field measurements of the land surface also revealed significant changes in the class level and the landscape. The entropy metric of disorder and disturbance at the boundary of natural land uses such as forest and pasture showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2020. The measure of the number of patches (NP) and the measure of continuity (CONTAG) showed that the changes that occurred in the area of the Zagros Dam were towards the fragmentation of the landscape and also towards the reduction of its continuity. Discussion and Conclusion: The future trend of land use change will be towards the predominance of agricultural land use and the reduction of natural land use, so it is necessary for the relevant executive bodies to have more control over the destruction of natural land at the edge of agricultural land. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Comparison of Autoregressive Static and Artificial Dynamic Neural Network for the Forecasting of Monthly Inflow of Dez Reservoir
Mohammad Ebrahim Banihabib Mohammad Valipoor S. Mahmood BehbahaniIn this paper, the capability of autoregressive static and artificial dynamic neural networks models was compared for forecasting of monthly inflow of Dez reservoir. In previous researches, static and artificial dynamic neural networks models have not been compared MoreIn this paper, the capability of autoregressive static and artificial dynamic neural networks models was compared for forecasting of monthly inflow of Dez reservoir. In previous researches, static and artificial dynamic neural networks models have not been compared for above-mentioned propose. In addition, using artificial neural network model as an autoregressive model is innovation point of this research. Monthly flow data of Dez station in Dez River in years1955 to 2001 is used in this research. Data of 42 former years and 5 recent years are used for Training and testing data set, respectively. Different structure for the static and artificial dynamic neural network models were evaluated by comparing the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the models. First, static and artificial dynamic neural network models were selected in training phase using data from October 1955 to September 1997. Then, using the selected structures, the monthly forecasted inflow of reservoir was compared with observed data from October 1997 to September 2001. Also, two types of radial and sigmoid activation function and the number of neurons in the hidden layer were investigated in this study. Results showed that the best model to forecast the reservoir inflow is autoregressive artificial neural network model associated with the sigmoid activation function and 17 neurons in the hidden layers. Artificial dynamic neural network model with sigmoid activation function can forecast reservoir inflow for 5 years better than static artificial neural networks model Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - 1
آسان باقرزاده احمد سواری -
Open Access Article
76 - Comparison of Thermal Stratification in Proposed Bakhtiari Reservoir in Lacustrine and Transitional zone with CE-QUAL-W2
Mehrdad Nazariha Erfan i Danae Sayed Hossein i Hashem Amir Hossein IzaddoustdarConstruction and operation of dams have two main effects on streams. At first it increases detention time and then leads to thermal stratification. Changing of water quality is the result of these effects and the outflow has different physical, chemical and biological c MoreConstruction and operation of dams have two main effects on streams. At first it increases detention time and then leads to thermal stratification. Changing of water quality is the result of these effects and the outflow has different physical, chemical and biological characteristics from inflow. In this study thermal regime in proposed Bakhtyari reservoir was simulated with CE-QUAL-W2 model. The inputs are reservoir topography, hydrological and meteorological data. As there is no chance to calibrate or verify the model, they will be done in monitoring and operation period. Three different inflow scenarios were simulated based on dry, normal year .Simulation results represent that in dry year stratification starts at April and remains up to September, but the results of normal year indicates that Stratification is between May and November. In all scenarios a stagnant layer could be seen in downward of outlet structure(700mASL).It is concluded that in dry years which dam has a major effect in inflow regime, turnover is mostly conform thermal stratification theories in reservoirs. Because of long detention time, transitional zone have turnover periods like lakes and there is not stagnant layer like near the dam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - A Survey of the Production of Paste Tailing in Agh-Darreh gold beneficiation complex and its Environmental Impacts
Sajad Haghir Chehreghani Hojat Hossein Zade Reza Samifard Aref AlipourTailings from metal mining operations were conventionally disposed of as slurry in an engineered surface impoundment near a mine-mill complex. Such disposal can lead to a variety of environmental and other hazards, such as dust generation, dam failure, and leakage. Addi MoreTailings from metal mining operations were conventionally disposed of as slurry in an engineered surface impoundment near a mine-mill complex. Such disposal can lead to a variety of environmental and other hazards, such as dust generation, dam failure, and leakage. Additional disadvantages may result from the requirement for large amounts of land with limited long-term beneficial use, as well as aesthetic impacts. Paste and thickened tailings technology is becoming recognized as an alternative for minimizing the engineering and environmental challenges commonly associated with the disposal of mineral wastes conventional tailings storage facilities. Paste is simply dewatered tailings with little or no water bleed that are non-segregating in nature. This paper focuses on some environmental and operational benefits associated with disposal of tailings in paste form. The environmental benefits of surface disposal of paste can be divided into two main categories; first, very little free water is available for generation of a leach ate, thereby reducing potential impacts on receiving waters and biological receptors. Second, the paste production technology allows for production of an engineered material by modifying the paste geochemistry in such a manner that environmental benefits result. Because of environmental risks related to gold beneficiation, a Paste Production and Storage Mechanism (PPSM) were installed in Agh-Darreh gold beneficiation complex. Research results are as follows: 34%reduction in tailing volume, 14% reduction in fresh water and required Sodium cyanide, 2 million U.S $ economic saving in construction of tailing dam, and decrease of environmental pollution of beneficiation complex. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - 1
بیژن مقصودلو کمالی سید محمود شریعت -
Open Access Article
79 - 4
نعمت اله خراسانی پروین فرشچی مسعود منوری حجت جباری -
Open Access Article
80 - Environmental Risk Assessment of Dam Projects By Using ELECTRE Technique
Saeed Malmasi Reza Arjmandi Roya Nezakati Zahra AllahdadBackground and Objective: Dam projects cause serious impacts on the surrounding environment. Therefore, in these sorts of projects, risk assessment of dams is one of the most important aspects of environmental risk management. The objective of present research is MoreBackground and Objective: Dam projects cause serious impacts on the surrounding environment. Therefore, in these sorts of projects, risk assessment of dams is one of the most important aspects of environmental risk management. The objective of present research is using one of the Multi Criteria Decision Making methods to make the managerial decisions for determining the most important identified risks and risks occurring prevention or reduction. Therefore, activities of construction and operation of Azad dam, which is located on Kumasi River in Kurdistan province, were investigated. Method: Firstly, environmental risks were identified using Delphi questionnaire method and based on their criteria including importance, severity, and probable occurrence. Then the aforementioned criteria of risks were weighted by using Entropy method. In the next stage, Elimination et Choice Translating to Reality (ELECTRE) method, one of the techniques of Multi Criteria Decision Making methods (MCDM), was used for ranking of probable risks. Findings: The results show that the most important risks of Azad dam are respectively including reduction of soil quality with the grade of 9, Kumasi River water contamination with the grade of 7 and intense reduction of organic matter and nutrients in Kumasi River flow at down side of the dam with the grade of 4. Discussion and conclusion: In this paper, environmental risk assessment of dam by using ELECTRE method to make the correct decision, making process for risk assessor and choosing the best alternative of a finite set of alternatives described in terms of evaluative criteria. Therefore, that, function of each risk was determined by ranking and create opportunity to decision maker for correct risk management and choosing the proper method for risk control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Investigation of Cost Damages on Plants by Laky Sazbon Dam
Zahra Abedi Nasser Moharam Nezhad Borhan Riazi Maryam BayatThe design to construct Sazbon dam and power plant is a sub-group of designs that have anything to do with the tributaries of KARKHE BASIN. The location where the design is going to be implemented is in the province of Illam and eastern part of SARABLEH which is about 3 MoreThe design to construct Sazbon dam and power plant is a sub-group of designs that have anything to do with the tributaries of KARKHE BASIN. The location where the design is going to be implemented is in the province of Illam and eastern part of SARABLEH which is about 3 Kms after the confluence of two rivers named Simoreh and Cherdaval respectively within the straits of SAZBON. To determine the value of plant covering on the reservoir, first the values of trees and pasture were estimated subject to valuation codes and about 3269 acres of pastures(Echinops orientalis ,Astragalus gossypinus , Hordeum spontaneum….,) and about 71 acres of woods shall(Amygdalus scopariaو Pistaciaو Quercus brantii(...و be flooded by constructing this dam. The damages were estimated to be 3198970040 billion IR-Rials which are evaluated to be very little against 660 billion IR-Rials of profits as gained by constructing the dam but can be compensated for by powers consumption revenues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - 7
نوشین حسین پور صیامی سیده فاطمه میرشجاعی سیدجواد حسینی مسلم یوسفی ابهرلو مهدی یوسفی تلگرد حسین تاجیک احمدی امیر موافقی -
Open Access Article
83 - Groundwater quality analysis in Amol-Babol plain and zoning of sodium using GIS
Nima Heidarzadeh Mohammad MoezziAbstract Background and Objective: Nowadays, paying attention to the quality of groundwater and its trend is very important for various purposes such as drinking, agriculture, and public health. Groundwater pollution is often formed due to toxic industrial wastewaters a MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Nowadays, paying attention to the quality of groundwater and its trend is very important for various purposes such as drinking, agriculture, and public health. Groundwater pollution is often formed due to toxic industrial wastewaters and disposing wells of urban wastewaters. Method: In this study, the qualitative data of Amol-Babol plain within1986-2009 was used in order to evaluate qualitative changes of groundwater resources. In the study area, the main groundwater consumption was found to be agricultural irrigation. Several parameters of electrical conductivity, Cl-, Na+, HCO3-, and pH were investigated to assess groundwater quality and Na+ was detected as the most important one. Then, Na+ was zonned in the area using geographic information system (GIS). Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that most of the polluted areas are close to urban and industrial landuses. Also, the highest contamination of groundwater was found in dry years due to low flow conditions of the main river in the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - 11
Borhan Riyazi Nasser Ghasemi Farhad Dabiri Elahe Pourkarimi11 -
Open Access Article
85 - 7
ایرج یوسفی غلامرضا ملاطاهری مجید وفایی فر -
Open Access Article
86 - Study of Environmental Impact of Minab Esteghlal Dam in Operation Phase Using a Combination of Modified and ICOLD Methods
Seyed Ali Jozi Leila Hosseini Ali DehghaniBackground and Objective: Minab Esteghlal dam, with a capacity of 350 million m2 and an efficient capacity of 270 million m2, is a stable-weight-concrete dam which is constructed on Minab river at the distance of 4 km from the east of Minab township with a geographic lo MoreBackground and Objective: Minab Esteghlal dam, with a capacity of 350 million m2 and an efficient capacity of 270 million m2, is a stable-weight-concrete dam which is constructed on Minab river at the distance of 4 km from the east of Minab township with a geographic longitude of 57° and 4′ and a geographic latitude of 27° and 9′. This dam was established in 1993 to supply the drinking water for Bandar Abbas and to provide water for 14670 hectares of downstram lands in Minab and for industry, flood control and artificial nutrition purposes. Method: This study is carried out to analyze the environmental impacts caused by operation of the dam. After collecting the basic data and field survey of the site and the dam reservoir, a list of environmental resources being affected was prepared. The study area was also determined in the from of individual environment under the direct and indirect impacts. Then, the required maps for the site, stations, ground cover, etc, were provided in the GIS environment. Water sampling was accomplished in warm and dry and warm and humid seasons, and water samples were carefully examined. In order to predict the dam impacts, a special method of assessment called ICOLD was conducted. After determining all the impacts, since this method is a qualitative method, a modified method was used to mark and interprete the impacts. Results: The results of this study showed that Esteghlal dam had a positive impact on biologic and socio-economic environments and had the scores of +207.5 and +329.25, and had a negative impact of -242 on physico–chemical environment. At the end, some recommendations to eliminate the negative impacts caused by operation of the dam, including decrease of deposit input to the river via constructing som dams at the upperhills before Esteghlal dam, and propagation of biological methods instead of applying fertilizer to defeat the agricultural pests were suggested. The proper environmental management of Minab watershed is bound to careful implementation of these suggestions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Production of mesoporous activated carbon from cone of Iranian pine tree (Pinus eldarica) using chemical activation for adsorption of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate from aqueous solution .
Soheil Valizadeh Habibollah Younessi Nader BahramifarBackground and Objective: Recently pollution due to sewage containing surfactants has become a major cause of environmental pollution. Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) is one of the most important types of surfactants. The purpose of this study was to synthesize MoreBackground and Objective: Recently pollution due to sewage containing surfactants has become a major cause of environmental pollution. Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) is one of the most important types of surfactants. The purpose of this study was to synthesize activated carbon (AC) from Iranian pine cones (Pinus eldarica) for the removal of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) from aqueous solution in batch systems. Method: The activated carbon samples were prepared using three activation agents including phosphoric acid, potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide with different impregnation ratios. Pyrolysis process was performed in a ceramic furnace under a nitrogen gas flow rate of 100 ml/min with a heating rate of 8°C/min for 3 hours in 750 °C. Maximum surface area was obtained using synthesized activated carbon with H3PO4 in impregnation of 2:1 with 1580 m2/g. The synthesized activated carbon with three activating agents was used in the batch system to remove the SDBS from aqueous solution. Findings: The results showed that activated carbon produced by potassium carbonate with impregnation ratio of 0.75:1 has the highest absorption capacity of 97.56 mg/g. The experimental kinetic data were analyzed by pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models. The result indicated that pseudo-second-order with R2>0.982 provided a better description of adsorption data. Desorption experiments were carried out using different compounds. Sulfuric acid and ethanol showed the highest desorption rates of 65/67 and 40/03%, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Introduction: This paper attempts to clarify the effect of dam construction on changes of physical urban development. This research also investigates if the physical development has occurred on scientific
Seyed Alireza Pourafzal Alireza Gharagozlu Mir Masoud Kheirkhah Zarkesh Saeed SadeghianIntroduction: This paper attempts to clarify the effect of dam construction on changes of physical urban development. This research also investigates if the physical development has occurred on scientific rules or not, and finally presents an urban development model. Ma MoreIntroduction: This paper attempts to clarify the effect of dam construction on changes of physical urban development. This research also investigates if the physical development has occurred on scientific rules or not, and finally presents an urban development model. Materials and methods: In this paper, two frames of IRS satellite were used to investigate the urban areas physical changes. One frame was relevant to two years before constructing the Taleghan dam and the other one was relevant to two years after constructing the dam. Then, both frames passed the geometric correction order and after that the border of urban area was extracted. This revealed that the urban areas had more area than before constructing the Taleghan dam. Considering the recent researches, a new fuzzy urban development model was presented and all the weights for being in several circumstances were defined. Using the attributes data, 1:25000 digital maps and the other studies, extraction of the layers required by the new fuzzy urban development model was tried. By overlaying the layers in ArcGIS software, the very unsuitable, unsuitable and suitable areas were detected on map. Result and discussion: Finally, it was concluded that the areas located on very unsuitable areas must be emptied, and the unsuitable areas could be preserved by some management methods like watershed management. However, there was no more suitable areas for further development of the urban areas. On the other hand, some parts of the studied urban areas have been located on suitable areas. The most important cramp elements for prevention of urban areas development were found to be landuse and vegetation cover. For increasing the capitation of settlement, it is better to develop the existing residential areas by height Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Determination of heavy metals bonding in various sedimentary phases in Behshahr River and Abbas Abad dam
Fatemeh zarghami Aida Biati Abdolreza KarbassiBackground and Objective: In this study, the sediments from Abbas Abad dam and two rivers entering into it and a tributary river are chemically analyzed to determine the concentration of heavy metals along with iron and calcium and their origin. The pollution intensity MoreBackground and Objective: In this study, the sediments from Abbas Abad dam and two rivers entering into it and a tributary river are chemically analyzed to determine the concentration of heavy metals along with iron and calcium and their origin. The pollution intensity of river was also computed. Method: Sampling was carried out at 6 stations along the river in September 2013. In the first step, the bulk concentrations of Iron, Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Copper, Nickel, and Cadmium were determined. Subsequently, a 5 steps chemical partitioning technique was used to identify the association of metals with different sedimentary phases. Findings: Majority of the studied metals have lithogenic sources while a significant portion of Cd is originated from anthropogenic sources. The result of chemical partitioning studies is well in accordance with the pollution intensity computations. Cluster analysis dendrogram reveals that the source for Zinc, Copper, and Nickel is oil, for Iron might be lithogenous, for calcium is biogenetic and for Cadmium and magnesium is unknown. The pollution intensity has been presented by various indices such as EF, Ipoll and Igeo. The two indices, namely IPOll and Igeo, are indicative of a non-polluted environment for all elements except for Cadmium with low pollution. The results of these two indices are in accordance with chemical partitioning studies. The results of the present study show that application of EF in determination of pollution intensity is limited. Conclusion: Considering the total concentration and its comparison with other indices, the study area is not polluted and only an insignificant contamination with Cd is noticed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Assessing Accumulated Total Mercury in Planktonic Biomass from Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir
Kamran Almasieh Shahram KaboodvandpourBackground and Objective: Previous studies showed that the level of total mercury (T-Hg) in Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir (SGR) water is higher than those limits established by WHO and institute of standard of Iran (i.e., 1 µg/L). Therefore this research was carrie MoreBackground and Objective: Previous studies showed that the level of total mercury (T-Hg) in Sanandaj Gheshlagh Reservoir (SGR) water is higher than those limits established by WHO and institute of standard of Iran (i.e., 1 µg/L). Therefore this research was carried out to evaluate the level of T-Hg in SGR plankton biomass as the main source of food which is the most consumed fish in the region and to calculate the mercury biomagnification factor based on published results related to the SGR's silver carp. Method: Plankton samples were collected during July to December 2009 from three different sampling sites. The level of the T-Hg in plankton biomass was measured using Advanced Mercury Analyzer. Findings: Mean accumulated T-Hg (± S.E.) in plankton biomass of SGR was 78.21 ± 3.13 on ng g-1 dry weight basis that the highest level was observed in August (86.81 ± 10.9) and the lowest level was observed in September (68 ± 2.53) on ng g-1 dry weight basis. Statistical analysis showed that the amount of accumulated T-Hg was not significantly different between plankton biomass samples during different months (F5, 10 = 0.94, P = 0.49) and among different sites (F2, 10 = 1.19, P = 0.34). Conclusion: Based on previous studies results in related to the planktivorous fish of SGR and present study results, occurring of mercury biomagnification in the food chain of this water reservoir was proven and it seems that the planktonic biomass of fresh water ecosystem have a considerable capacity to transfer a significant amount of mercury to the higher trophic levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Comparing the Application of Bayesian Modeling and Multi Criteria Decision Making Method in Environmental Risk Assessment of Dams (Case study: Taleghan Dam)
Negar Tayebzadeh Moghadam Bahram Malekmohammadi Ahmadreza YavariBackground and Objective: Environmental risk assessment is an important tool to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of this study is application of Bayesian modeling method based on a hierarchical structure for prioritization, assessment and offering management MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental risk assessment is an important tool to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of this study is application of Bayesian modeling method based on a hierarchical structure for prioritization, assessment and offering management solutions to reduce the hazards of Taleghan dam environmental risks. Method: In the first method, environmental risk assessment (ERA) of Taleghan dam was performed by using Bayesian Network (BN) and the Netica software. To compare the results of this method with those of conventional methods such as multi criteria decision making method (MCDM), ERA of Taleghan dam was also performed by MCDM method and use of the Expert Choice software. Findings: Based on the obtained results, the output node of the BN, changes in land use, effects on population and erosion and sedimentation are the most important risks and pollution, seismic, flooding, tourism and ecosensetivity are in second priorities. Conclusion: BN as a new method with some advantages such as considering the relation between variables and uncertainty conditions data is considered flexible model with high capacity for ERA. Therefore, to achieve a comprehensive solution for environmental risk of engineering projects such as dam construction, application of BN based on the MCDM has a high performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - A study on mortality of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) exposed to chlorinated disinfectant soloution (Sodium Hypochlorite)
Seyed Ali Akbar Hedayati Saeid Shahbazi Naserabad Hamed Ghafari FarsaniAbstract Background and Objective: Release of detergents via urban sewages into aquatic ecosystems can have adverse effects on aquatic life. In this study, the acute toxicity of NaOCl on Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) with averag MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Release of detergents via urban sewages into aquatic ecosystems can have adverse effects on aquatic life. In this study, the acute toxicity of NaOCl on Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) with average weights of 16±1 g (mean ± SD) and 3.5±1 g, respectively, was investigated to determine 50% lethal concentration of the fish populations in 96 hours. Method: Experiments were carried out in a static base according to O.E.C.D standard method in 4 days (96 hours). After primal experiments to explore the lethal range, the main research was performed by selection of 5 final treatments (0, 15, 30, 60, 120 mg L-1) for Cyprinus carpio and 6 final treatments (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mg L-1) for Rutilus frisii kutum, each one with 3 repeats. Eventually according to the results obtained by probit analyses, amount of LC1, LC10, LC30, LC50, LC70, LC90 and LC99 were calculated in fishes during 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Findings: In the present study, 100% of mortality of Caspian kutum in concentration of 80 mg L-1, happened only within the first hours they exposed to pollution. However, this process in Common carp in concentration of 120 mg L-1, happened after 30 hours passed from starting the experiment. The acute toxicity of Common carp and Caspian kutum were 39.48 and 23.77 mg L-1 respectively. Conclusion: The present study showed that this washer is dangerous for fishes and also Rutilus frisii kutum is much more vulnerable to NaOCl in comparison with Cyprinus carpio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Qualitative assessment of the social-environmental components of the Gawooshan dam project from the point of view of the project actors
soheila sefidgar farahnaz Rostami Maryam TatarBackground and purpose: Many researches have been conducted in the field of social impact assessment of rural projects, but few researches can be found that examine the social impact assessment from the perspective of the stakeholders. This is despite the fact that the MoreBackground and purpose: Many researches have been conducted in the field of social impact assessment of rural projects, but few researches can be found that examine the social impact assessment from the perspective of the stakeholders. This is despite the fact that the evaluation of social effects with the participation of stakeholders can lead to the formulation of more serious programs, better evaluation and management of conflicts in this field. Therefore, the present study investigates the social effects of the dam as perceived by the stakeholders in order to gain a deep insight using the qualitative method. Methods: The current research has used the qualitative paradigm and the descriptive-interpretive research method to achieve the research goal. For this purpose, 10 key experts (Agricultural Jihad of Kermanshah province, Natural Resources Department and Environment and Water-Regional Department of Kermanshah province) and 28 local people of the villages covered by the project were studied. Data collection was done through focused group discussions, in-depth individual interviews, observation and document study with an average time of 25 to 40 minutes. The interviews were analyzed using the communicative content analysis method. Reliability was established through the control of people's opinions by other interview participants and the researcher's self-review during the data analysis process. Reassurance (validity) was also done by presenting all documents, notes and recorded interviews to the research team after analysis by the researcher. Results: The results of the interviews showed that the participants in the research evaluated the effects of the dam on the quality of life by expressing 38 positive concepts and improving the sense of place by expressing 5 positive concepts and believe that the implementation of this project will lead to a decrease in social capital by expressing 23 The concept of impact and damage to natural and environmental resources has been defined by expressing 10 concepts of impact. Discussion and conclusion: The results of the research show the impact of the implementation of development projects on all social, economic and environmental aspects of the residents of the region. Therefore, planners and officials are advised to pay attention to the evaluation of all dimensions of development, especially the social dimensions of the residents of the affected areas, in order to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the programs in the implementation of development interventions at the strategic level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Estimating the Recreational of Taleghan Dam by Travel Cost Method
Zahra Abedi Payam Mahmood KalayehTaleghan zone is located in 150th km of Northwest of Tehran in a great valley in Alborz Mountains and is considered a summer resort. It attracts many tourists due to its cheering nature and historical and cultural appeals. Construction of Taleghan dam and the resulting MoreTaleghan zone is located in 150th km of Northwest of Tehran in a great valley in Alborz Mountains and is considered a summer resort. It attracts many tourists due to its cheering nature and historical and cultural appeals. Construction of Taleghan dam and the resulting lake have a considerable influence on the natural view of this zone and are the main factors for attracting the tourists. Considering the above-mentioned special conditions of the zone, its economic values may be studied. in this research, an action has been made in investigating and calculation of Taleghan dam tourism value through travel cost method. For this purpose, some semicircles with constant intervals have been drawn encompassing the whole regions from which the visitors have come considering the dam as the center. Then the economical and social data obtained from the questionnaires completed by the visitors was analyzed. Considering the available data, the diagram is drawn between travel cost and number of visitors to the region. The new ratio of visitors will then be obtained and the demand curve of the zone will be drawn by considering different entries and its addition to total access costs. Finally, tourism value of the zone will be calculated through calculating the level below the demand curve. This value is equal 4965000 Rls per day. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Detecting of Water Quality Using National Sanitation Foundation (WQI) Index (Case Study: Ilam ChamGardallan's Dam)
Parisa Amiri Seyyed Mahmoud Shariat Mehdi AhmadikallanBackground and Objective: The water quality monitoring of rivers is the most important method for increasing quality of the dam resourvior. To study the quality of chamgardallan's dam as the main source of drinking water of ilam city and for existing of pollution resour MoreBackground and Objective: The water quality monitoring of rivers is the most important method for increasing quality of the dam resourvior. To study the quality of chamgardallan's dam as the main source of drinking water of ilam city and for existing of pollution resources, such as wastewater of village, livestock manure in the watershed' dam is essential.Materials and Methods:In this cross sectional study, standard parameters including dissolved oxygen. Temperature, biochemical oxygen demand, most propable number of Coliforms, fecal coliform, Turbidity, total dissolved solids, pH and others were measured at seven different stations during 6 mount.. Every mounth were done once sampling with three times review. Sampling points were selected somewhat were shown the real quality of water in rivers and dam.water quality index was calculated using water quality index calculator given by National Sanitation Foundation(NSF) information system. Results:on basis of WQI index , water quality in all of stations were at the third group about 50-70.the highest value of WQI of the samples was 63.47 in khoroji station and the lowest value of WQI was 51.4 in Talaghi station.Conclusion: Water resources are at risk of natural resources and human agents. NSFWQI in dam stations was about 53-64. this subject showed locating water in resourvior was the cause of water quality improvement.Results the water quality of rivers and the negative effects of differences uses in watershed provided easier deciding for managers about zoning of watershed for establishing of harmonic uses and planning for conservating on control and decrease of pollution resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Ecological capability of Tajyar Dam Basin for agricultural and range management and recreation applications
Mirmehrdad Mirsanjari Nafiseh Rezapoor AndabiliBackground and Purpose: Environmental assessment of land as a basic study of land use planning is essential for achieving sustainable development goals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ecological potential of Tajyar Dam Basin for agricultural and range man MoreBackground and Purpose: Environmental assessment of land as a basic study of land use planning is essential for achieving sustainable development goals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ecological potential of Tajyar Dam Basin for agricultural and range management and centralized outing and extensive outing applications using the Boolean method. Material and Methodology: The main criteria used in this study are: soil maps, lithology, topography, climate, vegetation, water and land use. Information layers are aligned and analysis of Tajyar Dam Basin in East Azarbaijan province was carried out by using the Boolean method and AND logic and digitizing information in the GIS. The Boolean model shows a place-of-interest relation based on conditional operators as zero or one. Results: The findings indicate that the areas with agricultural capacity are 6958 hectares and non-usable areas are 3701 hectares of the total area of the study area. In the case of a central recreational resort, the areas with central recreation capacity are 4851 hectares and 5793 hectares of the area are not capable and finally in extensive outing application, the areas with extensive outing capacity are 4612 hectares and non-usable areas are 6042 hectares of the total area. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering that nearly 40% of the region has potential for recreational use and more than 50% of the area has potential for agricultural use, therefore, in this basin, high ecological power is observed for these applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Effect of the Construction of Mamloo Dam on Land Subsidence in Varamin Plain
Sadegh Ghavami Jamal Hamed Gholami Mehrdad Rajabi Mohammad Hossein MobiniObjective: Mamloo dam in Tehran province has been built to meet the needs of agricultural water in Varamin plain, but due to the drinking water supply in Tehran, a limited amount of stored water is supplied to the plain. One of the most important effects of the insuffic MoreObjective: Mamloo dam in Tehran province has been built to meet the needs of agricultural water in Varamin plain, but due to the drinking water supply in Tehran, a limited amount of stored water is supplied to the plain. One of the most important effects of the insufficient supply of surface water in Varamin plain is the reduction of groundwater aquifers and land subsidence. In this study, the effect of the Mamloo dam on land subsidence in the Varamin plain was investigated. Analysis method: The changes in groundwater level and the unit hydrograph of the plain and quantitative changes of groundwater in the study area of Varamin plain located downstream of the dam were studied and analyzed in two periods before and after the operation of the Mamloo dam. Findings: Based on the results obtained from the selected piezometric network and according to the division of the study area into northern and southern regions, the greatest amount of decline was in the northern part. After the construction of the Mamloo Dam, new evacuation points were created based on the potential maps in the northern and central parts, where the population and agriculture centers were located. In the south, due to the type of geological structure and less alluvial thickness, the emptying of the pores of the aqueous layer has led to subsidence in some areas. Finally, the adaptation of the areas with the greatest decrease in groundwater discharge to the areas with the highest vertical displacement in the southern and central regions in the radar maps was quite clear. Discussion and Conclusion: By investigating the results obtained from the analysis of the drop of piezometers in the study area of Varamin plain and the expansion of the number and depth of deep wells in the mentioned plain, the change in the underground water flow regime and the reduction of the aquifer volume are clear. After the construction of the Mamloo dam, the amount of this drop has increased, especially in the lands of the northern part. In addition, the lack of proper planning in meeting the needs of the agricultural sector of the plain, which has a major share in the consumption of water obtained from underground sources, has caused major challenges in the climatic and social conditions downstream of the dam. Due to the construction of the Mamloo dam at the entrance of the Jajrood River to Varamin plain, the level of the water table has decreased over time due to the significant reduction of surface flow to the region. This decrease had higher values in the northern half of the plain and in the areas where the thickness of alluvium is greater. Based on the output of satellite and subsidence maps, the areas that experienced more discharge and drop during the statistical period correspond to the areas with more subsidence in the subsidence maps. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Modeling quality parameters EC, SAR and TDS in groundwater using artificial neural network (case study: Mehran Plain and DEHLORAN)
Mir Mehrdad Mirsanjari Fatemeh Mohammadyari Reza Basiri Fatemeh Hamidi pourGiven the importance of ground water for drinking and agriculture sector, simulation and forecasting changes its quality is an increasing human needs. In this study, the modeling of water quality parameters TDS and EC based on other chemical components of the major an MoreGiven the importance of ground water for drinking and agriculture sector, simulation and forecasting changes its quality is an increasing human needs. In this study, the modeling of water quality parameters TDS and EC based on other chemical components of the major anions and cations, SAR and pH have been carried out. In addition to modeling the sodium adsorption ratio as the dependent variable parameters latitude, electrical conductivity, total dissolved elements and pH values were used as independent variables. The neural network to predict Marquardt Levenberg- groundwater quality parameters were selected. Results showed that high performance neural network to predict the groundwater quality parameters. High levels of correlation coefficient obtained between the values of parameters modeled closely reflects anticipated the measured data and the ability and accuracy of the relationships between input variables with output. Coefficient of determination of all three elements were modeled in three phases: training, validation and testing is over 90 percent Which indicate acceptable accuracy and good learning neural network and efficient network using the learning algorithm and data provided to the network. The results of great importance for the planning and integrated management of water resources and conservation and better utilization of it is important in the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Optimal utilization of Reservoir by using of linear programming model (Case study: Dorudzan dam)
Hassan Torabi reza dehghani Ahmad GodarziOptimal utilization of multi-purpose reservoirs is one of the complex and sometimes non-linear issues in multi-objective optimization. One of the appropriate decision-making ways for optimal utilization of the water resources was the modeling of optimization problems of MoreOptimal utilization of multi-purpose reservoirs is one of the complex and sometimes non-linear issues in multi-objective optimization. One of the appropriate decision-making ways for optimal utilization of the water resources was the modeling of optimization problems of utilization from dam reservoir by using of different mathematical methods. In this study was evaluated, the current status of utilization and providing of optimum utilization and appropriate policy for the dam reservoir. For this purpose was used linear programming model and optimization of utilization of intended reservoir dam model. Evaporation simulation of the system were performed by using imput flow. The results showed that the existing policy of reservoir utilization, only in the raining pick months is capable of demand meeting, while low-water months are critical use-months. Also, the value of reservoir saving by using of linear programming model at SQ method estimated in about 23% more than the existing reservoir utilization method. In conclusion, the result showed that using of linear programming model can be effective in optimal utilization of reservoir dams. Which inturn helps to facilitate the development and implementation of water resources management strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Survey on Environmental Effects of Zayandeh Rood River’s Dam
Mehran shabanKary Amir hossein Halbian -
Open Access Article
101 - Analysis of Latiyan Dam Catchment's Water Resource Condition Based On DPSIR Conceptual Model
Mahdi Nemati Amin Sardari CharmiWater resource evaluation is considered as one of the fundamental steps in water resource management. DPSIR framework assists water resource decision makers with evaluating main reasons led to current conditions to fundamentally address related problems.The DPSIR analyt MoreWater resource evaluation is considered as one of the fundamental steps in water resource management. DPSIR framework assists water resource decision makers with evaluating main reasons led to current conditions to fundamentally address related problems.The DPSIR analytical framework is not new but developed from the pioneering work by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in the 1980s, and was published in the early 1990s. In this study, based on DPSIR framework, a conceptual model for evaluating current water resource condition in Latiyan dam catchment is proposed to integrate environmental and social-economic indexes. Finally, after assessing the Latiyan dam catchment’s water resource condition, appropriate responses are suggested to tackle water resource condition in the region. These responses will remove or reduce the undesirable effects of natural and human reasons on water resources. The results show that increasing in Tehran’s annual average of daily temperature by 1.50c during past 50 years as well as Tehran’s population growth of more than 11 times in the same period results in falling Tehran’s groundwater surface elevation that according to changes’ trend in climate change and water quality parameters, the groundwater surface decline is more of human driving force Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - The estimated cost of the dam water crisis Khorasan plains forbidden and prohibited
Fatemeh Rahmani Hosein AnsariMore than 90 percent of the water supply used in agriculture the idea is that the water is low relative prices of inputs used in agriculture compared with other factors caused the loss of incentives for investment in water technology rather than traditional technology a MoreMore than 90 percent of the water supply used in agriculture the idea is that the water is low relative prices of inputs used in agriculture compared with other factors caused the loss of incentives for investment in water technology rather than traditional technology available today and is not saving water. Thus, the water balance of the price mechanism is suggested. This study aimed at dams along the plains of prohibited and restricted water pricing crisis Khorasan this study methods of engineering economics, and simple interest rate of 15%, taking into account inflation and the interest rate is about 30.38 percent. This study estimated the average price of water in dams' simple interest rate, 980.46 Rials and 12,137.4 Rials is estimated inflation rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Assessment the Potential of Nutrient Pollution Caused by Household Waste and Livestock (Case Study: Cham Gardalan's dam Watershed)
Parisa Amiri Mehdi Ahmadikalan Fouzieh BeigmohammadiThe purpose of this study is to identify the sources of pollution in the catchment area of Chamgardalan Dam and to determine the potential for contamination of organic matter in the household and livestock waste of the catchment area and finally to provide guidelines MoreThe purpose of this study is to identify the sources of pollution in the catchment area of Chamgardalan Dam and to determine the potential for contamination of organic matter in the household and livestock waste of the catchment area and finally to provide guidelines for controlling and reducing pollution. After preparing the catchment area using Arc GIS10 software, field visits were conducted to accurately identify the sources of contamination of the catchment area, including villages and livestock units. Then, the contamination potential of organic matter in household and animal wastes was calculated. Then, the contamination potential of organic matter in household and animal wastes was calculated. About 56% of the total nitrogen load and 54% of the total phosphorus load are produced by various dams under the Gol Gol basin, and about 71% of the pollution potential from population centers is under the Gol Gol basin and 17% is under the Chaviz basin. And 12% below the basin. Accordingly, Gol Gol basin, due to the high density of rural population and also having the largest number of livestock and poultry farms in the catchment area, has the highest amount of household and livestock waste compared to the other two sub-basins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Reflection of Iranian celebrations in the poetry of Azerbaijani school poets
Leili Kamalvand Manouchehr Joukar Asad AbshiriniVarious celebrations have been held in Iran since ancient times; Among them are the celebrations that were held in each month, on the occasion of the symmetry of the name of the day with the name of the month, and each of them was accompanied by special customs. Many of MoreVarious celebrations have been held in Iran since ancient times; Among them are the celebrations that were held in each month, on the occasion of the symmetry of the name of the day with the name of the month, and each of them was accompanied by special customs. Many of these celebrations are forgotten today and are no longer held, but their traces and reflections can be found in the works of the past and classical poets; Among the poets of the Azerbaijani school. Accordingly, this study reflects the Iranian celebrations and related rituals in the poetry of the poets of the Azerbaijani school (with emphasis on Mujir al-Din Bilqani, Nezami, Khaghani and Falak Shervani). According to the findings of this study, among the ancient Iranian celebrations, only four ancient celebrations of Nowruz, Mehregan, Sedeh and Yalda are reflected in the poems of Azerbaijani poets and other ancient celebrations such as: Abangan, Bahmangan, Esfandgan, Tirgan and ... have not been reflected in the poems of these poets. Among these four celebrations, Nowruz celebration had the most reflection in the poems of Azerbaijani school poets and Century celebration had the least reflection among their poems. In total, Nowruz celebration has been repeated 71 times in the poems of these poets and only five times the celebration of the century has been mentioned. The reason for this is the great importance of Nowruz as the most important national holiday among Iranians. This research is a theoretical and library research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Reflection of Centennial Celebration in Arabic Poetry in Abbasid Era
Bahram Amani ChackoliIranians have been glorifying their ancient celebrations through lightening and fireworks. Among these celebrations, centennial (Sadeh) feast has been more acquainted with fire and fireworks in a way that it was called "the feast of fireworks". The present survey i MoreIranians have been glorifying their ancient celebrations through lightening and fireworks. Among these celebrations, centennial (Sadeh) feast has been more acquainted with fire and fireworks in a way that it was called "the feast of fireworks". The present survey is taking a look at the holiness of fire for Iranians and the resulted challenges of the collision of Islamic custom with centennial feast, taking into consideration its non-Islamic nature, and manifestation of some of the traditions of this feast in Arabic literature of Islamic era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Comparative comparison of AsadiTousi's Dictionary with Alein one
Mandana Hashemi Mansoureh Shirazi Yaser HooshyarBasically lexicography is preparation and presentation of a set of words and lexicon which is done based on linguistic principals. Comparative study of Asadi Toosi's dictionary and Ahmed Al Ain Farahidi's in Arabic language as the first dictionaries which have common in MoreBasically lexicography is preparation and presentation of a set of words and lexicon which is done based on linguistic principals. Comparative study of Asadi Toosi's dictionary and Ahmed Al Ain Farahidi's in Arabic language as the first dictionaries which have common influence based on their cultural, social, political and religious background. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Quranism of the Second Generation of Iranian Religious Modernists Emphasizing the Views and Ideas of Seyyed Assadollah Kharghani and Shariat Sangalji
Seyed mohamad Ebrahimi hoseini aliasgar davoodi Seed GazeraniReligious modernity in contemporary Iran has experienced four different generations since its inception: the first generation from the constitutional period to the beginning of Reza Shah, the second generation from the first Pahlavi period to the early 1330s, the third MoreReligious modernity in contemporary Iran has experienced four different generations since its inception: the first generation from the constitutional period to the beginning of Reza Shah, the second generation from the first Pahlavi period to the early 1330s, the third generation from the coup d'état of 28 August 1332 to the Islamic Revolution, And the fourth generation from the 1360s until now. This article, which is organized by library method and descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the question of which of these four generations has had a vital and special impact on the continuation of religious modernity in Iran. The findings confirm that the modernist ideas of the first generation, at the same time, came to an end with the decline of the Constitution; But the second generation, whose Qur'anic character was more prominent than its other intellectual features, although its innovative endeavors did not bear much fruit due to the political conditions prevailing during Reza Shah, opened the way for the third and fourth generations to continue the path of religious modernity in Iran. In other words, the influence of the second generation of religious modernity is doubly important because it paved the way for religious modernity by relying on Qur'anicism and led to the emergence of religious thought in the following decades. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - A Study on Observation of Allah in Holy Quran and Bible
Nasibeh OlamaeeOne of the significant issues in Holy Quran and Bible is the possibility of Allah's observation. Observation equals sight in Persian and Arabic languages. Types of observation in Bible are the same as Holy Quran but there are some similarities and differences in their c MoreOne of the significant issues in Holy Quran and Bible is the possibility of Allah's observation. Observation equals sight in Persian and Arabic languages. Types of observation in Bible are the same as Holy Quran but there are some similarities and differences in their concepts. The observation issue in bible is based on human's imaginations and fancies and all Christians and Jewish agree observation of Allah. Thus some Muslims' reference of this phenomena is their Christians and Jewish views. The present paper attempts to briefly study types of observation or dis observation based on Quran verses and compares Quranic views with Bible in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The option of what which Depreciates in a day in Imamiyeh
Ezatollah BarkhordariIn the case the customer, in sale contracts, does not pay the consideration to the seller within three days since the date of transaction, provided that other conditions are present, the seller will be entitled to the option of delayed payment which enables him to cance MoreIn the case the customer, in sale contracts, does not pay the consideration to the seller within three days since the date of transaction, provided that other conditions are present, the seller will be entitled to the option of delayed payment which enables him to cancel the sale. However, in the case the object of sale is considered among the goods which depreciate within the first three days of the transaction, the seller must be provided with an option prior to the expiry of three days, so that he/she is enabled to compensate the loss by administering the mentioned option. The above-named right of cancellation is known as 'the option of what which depreciates in a day' in Jurisprudence, and is accounted for in the Civil Law; article 409, in the regulations pertaining to the option of delayed payment. The mentioned option is not of an independent nature but an aspect of the option of delayed payment, therefore the entire conditions of its applicability (except for the time period upon which the seller will be entitled to it which is different according to the type of the object of transaction), effects, laws, and regulations are identical to those of the option of delayed payment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Criticizing the exceptions for usury
Mohammad Ali SafaUsury is an economical destructive phenomenon in the society since the beginning of Islam and has been taken into consideration and also prohibited by the legislator. We can understand the depth of its corruption and the legislator's disgust by considering his sermon, e MoreUsury is an economical destructive phenomenon in the society since the beginning of Islam and has been taken into consideration and also prohibited by the legislator. We can understand the depth of its corruption and the legislator's disgust by considering his sermon, especially regarding the fact that we believe all religious percepts in Islam are dependent on their interests and corruptions. Despite the emphasis of Islam on giving regard to this phenomenon, most jurists have considered some exceptions for it. They have offered some proofs to demonstrate the exceptions .But it seems that these proofs are not enough to demonstrate them. This article criticizes the jurists' proofs about the lawfulness of the exceptions for usury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - A Study on hope and Dissappointment in "ذاکرة الجسد" Novel by Ahlem Mosteghanemi based on Social Criticism
Reza Nazemian Reza Jalili Gilandeh"ذاکرة الجسد" is a realistic novel in a way the author is affected by Algerian society in writing it, the present article decides to study hope and disappointment elements by emphasizing social criticism in the mentioned novel. Thus it tries to discover the relationship More"ذاکرة الجسد" is a realistic novel in a way the author is affected by Algerian society in writing it, the present article decides to study hope and disappointment elements by emphasizing social criticism in the mentioned novel. Thus it tries to discover the relationship between the society and literature and to find out the effect of literature on Algerian society. Disappointment manifests in three frameworks in the novel: failure in love, inappropriate political and social conditions and cultural poverty in a way that the author criticizes cultural and social conditions as well as unfair division of income in Algeria. On the other hand “Khlid Bin Toubal” the main character of the novel prefers inattention to bad and disappointing news while his inattention makes him disappointed completely and finds out Algeria’s problems and challenges after his country’s dependence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - مطالعه فراوانی و نقش اینتگرون کلاس 1 باکتری های اشریشیا کلی جدا شده از طیور در القای مقاومت باکتری به ضدعفونی کننده هیپوکلریت سدیم
فرزاد حسین زاده حسن شریفی مهران قائمی بهمن عبدی ها چه سو -
Open Access Article
113 - بررسی آلودگی به انگل چشمی در ماهیان سد شهید کاظمی بوکان
داریوش آزادیخواه علی رهبر -
Open Access Article
114 - اکوکاردیوگرافی شترهای به ظاهر سالم، تکنیک و تظاهر اولتراسونوگرافیک
ابوذر دهقان عباس وشکینی محمد نصرالله زاده ماسوله محمد قلی نادعلیان علی رضاخانی -
Open Access Article
115 - بررسی آلودگی به انگل های کرمی دستگاه گوارش و محوطه بطنی ماهیان بومی سد ارس
سعید صدیق اعتقاد یعقوب غره داغی سعید کهنمویی سیاوش قوامی جاوید مرتضوی -
Open Access Article
116 - جداسازی و شناسایی باکتریهای مصرف کننده اسیدلاکتیک از شکمبه گاو و اثر آنها در کنترل اسیدوز در شرایط آزمایشگاهی
رضا صدیقی وثاق داریوش علیپور -
Open Access Article
117 - اثر لوزارتان بر فیبروز کلیه متعاقب انسداد کامل یکطرفه میزنای در موش صحرایی
مهرداد نشاط قراملکی میرهادی خیاط نوری غفور موسوی -
Open Access Article
118 - بررسی اثر محلولپاشی منابع سلنیوم و مراحل مختلف گلدهی بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک گل گاوزبان ایرانی (Echium amoenum Fisch. & Mey)
مظاهر حسین زاده رستمکلایی وحید عبدوسی الهام دانائی -
Open Access Article
119 - بررسی شاخصهای رشد و درصد اسانس گیاه همیشهبهار (Calendula officinalis L.) تحت تنش شوری ناشی از Nacl با کاربرد اسیدهیومیک و سلنیوم
وحید عبدوسی هوشمند عسگریان -
Open Access Article
120 - تاثیر محلولپاشی نمکهای سیلیسیم بر صفات مورفولوژیکی گل رز(Rosa hybrids) رقمgrand prix
زهرا ساکی الهام دانائی -
Open Access Article
121 - اسید پاشی و احکام جزایی آن
محمد صرفی سید حسن عابدیان کلخوران«اسید پاشی»؛ جرمی است که ممکن است با انگیزهها و علل متفاوت انجام شود؛ معمولاً شخص «اسید پاش» با قصد و آگاهی از عواقب عمل خویش و با انگیزه انتقام جویی، ناموسی، عشقی، اخاذی، اختلافات شخصی، امنیتی و ... دست به چنین عملی می زند و فرد یا افراد &laq More«اسید پاشی»؛ جرمی است که ممکن است با انگیزهها و علل متفاوت انجام شود؛ معمولاً شخص «اسید پاش» با قصد و آگاهی از عواقب عمل خویش و با انگیزه انتقام جویی، ناموسی، عشقی، اخاذی، اختلافات شخصی، امنیتی و ... دست به چنین عملی می زند و فرد یا افراد «مجنی علیه» را از نعمت زیبایی؛ بینایی و ... محروم می سازد.اگر شخصی عمداً و با اختیار به دیگری «اسید» بپاشد؛ در صورتی که امکان «قصاص» از جهت کمیت و کیفیت ممکن باشد؛ باید «قصاص» او به همان نحوه جرم انجام شود و اگر «اسید پاش» به قصد ترساندن جامعه یا بخشی از جامعه اقدام به این عمل مجرمانه نماید؛ حکم به «محارب» بودن او می شود؛ همچنین اگر شخص «اسید پاش» آگاهانه و با انگیزه ایجاد «فساد در جامعه» و برهم زدن نظم عمومی یا نا امن جلوه دادن مملکت اسلامی اقدام به این عمل نماید؛ «مفسد» شناخته می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - A Comparison between the View of Imāmiah Fiqh and the Four Schools of Thought about Dissection of the Corpse
Mohammad Mehdi Habibi Alireza Asgari Seyyed Hasan AbedianThe purpose of the present research is jurisprudential study of dissection of the corpse condition in Imāmiah Fiqh compared to the four schools of thought. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that the Sunnis have also admitted dissection o MoreThe purpose of the present research is jurisprudential study of dissection of the corpse condition in Imāmiah Fiqh compared to the four schools of thought. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that the Sunnis have also admitted dissection of the corpse according to requirements. The Shāfe’is hold the closest view to Imāmiah Figh about dissection of the body. The Māleki school has adopted stricter views with respect to corpse corruption. The Hanbalis believe that transportation of the corpse from a city to another for dissection is forbidden. The Hanafis have allowed a limited time for dissection after which the dead body must be buried. Therefore, it is concluded that except in exceptional circumstances, Imāmiah Fiqh and the four schools of thought have common views about dissection of the corpse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - A Comparative Survey of the Conflict between Principle and Apparent Condition in Imāmiyah versus ‘Āmmah Fiqh
mahdi abdar esfahani ehsan aliakbari mohammad ali heidariThe purpose of the present study is the comparative survey of the conflictic between principle and apparent condition from the view of Imāmiyah versus Sunni jurists. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and it aims to find an answer for this question: In the conf MoreThe purpose of the present study is the comparative survey of the conflictic between principle and apparent condition from the view of Imāmiyah versus Sunni jurists. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and it aims to find an answer for this question: In the conflict between principle and apparent condition in Islamic sects, does the first or the latter overrule? Considering different theories from Islamic jurists regarding the priority of either principle or apparent condition, this study has attempted to state the best theory through logical reasoning in this conflict. The main problem in this research is to reach the point that if apparent in apparent condition denotes circumstances and situations, it would not have the potency to overrule the principle because it is the evidence of absolute hunch and so apparent condition is left behind unless that is recognized as valid by religion. Thus, the view of some Shi’ite and Sunni jurists denoting the priority of apparent condition, in terms of expansion and justification of conjecture is nullified. The results indicate that most of Islamic jurists maintain principle overrules apparent condition although some scholars of the religious sects, based on the theory of hindrance, give priority to apparent circumstances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Carbonic anhydrase activity investigation in the present of Sodium oxalate and Ethylendiamine
Yoones moosavi Azadeh Hekmat Mahdi AlijanianzadehIntroduction: Carbonic anhydrases are ubiquitous zinc containing metalloenzymes which catalyze the interconversion of bicarbonate and CO2. This enzyme is involved in various vital physiological processes related to respiration, renal acidification, pH homeostasis, elect MoreIntroduction: Carbonic anhydrases are ubiquitous zinc containing metalloenzymes which catalyze the interconversion of bicarbonate and CO2. This enzyme is involved in various vital physiological processes related to respiration, renal acidification, pH homeostasis, electrolyte secretion, calcification, neurotransmitter and some biosynthetic reactions. In this study the inhibitory effects of sodium oxalate and ethylene diamine on carbonic anhydrase activity were studies. Methods: The enzyme activity were measured in the presence and absent of ethylene diamine and sodium oxalate in various concentrations. The initial rates were measured in each assay. Then the kinetics parameters and IC50 were measured. Results: The results of double reciprocal lineweaver-burk plots showed the combination inhibitory effect on carbonic anhydrase activity for ethylene diamine and uncompetitive inhibitory effect on carbonic anhydrase activity for sodium oxalate. Furthermore, the Km, Vmax, IC50 and Ki displayed that sodium oxalate is stronger inhibitor than ethylene diamine. Conclusion: Altogether, due to essential role of carbonic anhydrase in many physiological processes, it is important to consume sodium oxalate and ethylene diamine very cautiously. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Evaluation of Salinity Stress Tolerance in (Matthiola incana L.) under Salicylic acid Treatment
Samaneh Abdolmohammadi Jalal Omidi abdollah hatamzadeh Moazzam hassanpour asilSalinity is one of the environmental stresses that causes severe changes in the growth, physiology and metabolism of plants. It also causes various biochemical changes and physiological responses and affects virtually all plant processes. Considering the increasing tren MoreSalinity is one of the environmental stresses that causes severe changes in the growth, physiology and metabolism of plants. It also causes various biochemical changes and physiological responses and affects virtually all plant processes. Considering the increasing trend of salinity development and the lack of suitable lands for agriculture in the world, the use of saline resistant species or the use of compounds that reduce the effects of salinity stress and induction of resistance to stress in plants is very important. Salicylic acid, as a natural phenol, regulates growth and regulates the physiological and morphological processes of the plant. In order to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of salicylic acid on some physiological and morphological parameters of an experiment, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 2 factors, salinity, including NaCl at 0, 100 and 150 mM and salicylic acid in 2 levels of 0 and 2 mM with 3 replications were conducted in the educational greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Guilan University. At the end of the experiment, different parameters including plant height, dry weight and shoot weight, root dry weight and root, root length, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, protein content and relative leaf water content (LRWC) Made. In salinity stress, all growth parameters of plants, relative leaf water content, protein reduction and malondialdehyde increased. The application of salicylic acid increased all growth parameters, protein content, relative water content of the leaves, and eventually, salicylic acid, with its protective effect, reduced the peroxidation of lipids. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Distribution, Frequency and Seasonal Variation of Microalgae of 15 Khordad Dam, Qom, Iran
Hassan Bakhtiari Lobat Taghavi Seyed Ahmad Mirbagheri Taher Rajaee Mehdi RamezaniIntroduction: Microalgae are single-celled algae that have favorable environmental conditions such as temperature and long period of light as well as nutrients containing phosphorus and nitrate affect their abundance and distribution and sometimes cause health, environm MoreIntroduction: Microalgae are single-celled algae that have favorable environmental conditions such as temperature and long period of light as well as nutrients containing phosphorus and nitrate affect their abundance and distribution and sometimes cause health, environmental and process problems in water plant. Material and Methods: This study was carried out to determine the density and diversity of microalgae in the water of 15 Khordad Dam in two winter and spring seasons, in different areas of the dam at a height of one and five meters by sampling and identifying and counting based on algae morphology. Results: The results show that diatoms with (41.1%), binary algae with (32.5%), green algae with (23.2%) and green-blue algae with (41.1%) different microalgae. (3.2%) constitute the most dominant communities, respectively. In the samples taken from the entire dam, the dominant genus is Peridinium algae. The highest frequency was at one meter height in June and on the west side and the lowest frequency at five meters height was in December and on the east side (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study will be effective in planning the operation management of different water treatment plants in Qom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - investigating Seyed Asadollah kharaghanis' political thought
Esmat ghafari maghsood ranjbar ali shirkhaniAbstract Seyed Asadollah Kharaghani is among the second-rate personages who played an active part in the Constitutional Movement, and has been effective in arousing political and religious personages. He also engaged in religious and scholarly activities along with poli MoreAbstract Seyed Asadollah Kharaghani is among the second-rate personages who played an active part in the Constitutional Movement, and has been effective in arousing political and religious personages. He also engaged in religious and scholarly activities along with political activities, and eventually led to the emergence of a specialist trend in Islamology called Qur'anism or the return to the Quran. He faced new questions and needs of the new age that we did not have in previous religious and traditional teachings or did not seem to answer, or it seemed that past answers did not have the effectiveness of the new problems. It was suggested that we should read the Qur'an again and extract the material that is coming to us today. The present study examines the political thought of Seyyed Asadollah Kharaghani regarding the criteria, since the type of conception on the basis of the rule of law, the divine right of the state, the basis and scope of private and public law, the scope of law and legislation, and in particular their approach to the issue of Islamic democracy. This research will focus on library resources through descriptive-analytic method and with an interpretive-political approach to explaining the components of its political thought. Key words: Sheikh Asadollah Kharaghani, Islamic Democracy, Law Equality, Ultimatum Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - A study and analysis of the "empathy" component in contemporary children's literature
Maryam Alai maryam uzbashi Zohreh nooraeeniaChildren's literature is a beautiful example of literature that plays a major role in children's cultural and intellectual development. Children's poetry is an essential part of this type of literature and provides the ground for the development of children's individual MoreChildren's literature is a beautiful example of literature that plays a major role in children's cultural and intellectual development. Children's poetry is an essential part of this type of literature and provides the ground for the development of children's individual and social skills and the development of their mental talents. The world of the child is a sensitive and important world in terms of educational and moral impact and poetry, as one of the educational tools in this plays an important role. "Empathy" is one of the prominent and researchable educational concepts in the field of children's poetry that has been widely reflected in children's and adolescent literature and has long been the focus of children's poets. This article descriptively-analytically and based on library data examines the concept of empathy in children's poetry "AfsanehShabannejad", "Jafar Ebrahimi", "Assadollah Shabani" and "Nasser Keshavarz" are prominent poets in the field of children's literature and Teen pays. The research findings show that the studied poets pay attention to educational concepts, especially the component of empathy in their works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Principles of Governing a Country as Mentioned in AssadiToussi’s Garshasb-Nameh
Zahra Kazemipour -
Open Access Article
130 - Domestic Economy in Asadī Tūsī’s Garšāsp-nāma
Zahra KazemiPourDidactic literature is an old and significant literary genre. Since 4th century (AH) onward moral lessons and advices have been major themes in the works of numerous Persian poets including Asadī Tūsī, whose Garšāsp-nāma, a long heroic epic, contains religious, e MoreDidactic literature is an old and significant literary genre. Since 4th century (AH) onward moral lessons and advices have been major themes in the works of numerous Persian poets including Asadī Tūsī, whose Garšāsp-nāma, a long heroic epic, contains religious, ethical and social themes as well as domestic economics and politics teachings. In spite of numerous verses on the epic, mythical and heroic combats between Garšāsp and Nariman, didactic and moral lessons make up the greater part of Garšāsp-nāma. Among teachings of Garšāsp-nāma one is domestic economy. Compared with such literary works as Golestān, Nafāes Al-fonūn, Latāef Al-hekma and Aklāq-e Nāserī which are mainly concerned with moral lessons and practical philosophy in specific, Garšāsp-nāma focuses on the same subjects too, though not exactly in the same structure and description. This research is to reveal the way the domestic economy is presented in Garšāsp-nāma. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - رابطه رویدادهای استرسزا با شدت علائم بیماری در بیماران مبتلا به انسداد مزمن ریه: نقش واسطهای ویژگیهای شخصیتی
نرگس خاتون اکرم نعمت ستوده اصل راهب قربانی فرهاد ملک -
Open Access Article
132 - تحلیل جامعه شناختی ساختار توزیع فرصت ها و امکانات (مورد مطالعه استان کردستان)
سیف اله سیف الهی فواد محمدی seyed mohmmad seyed mirzaie -
Open Access Article
133 - بررسی و مطالعه جامعه شناختی ساختار توزیع فرصت ها و امکانات (مورد مطالعه استان کردستان)
فواد محمدی سیف الله سیف اللهی سید محمد سید میرزایی -
Open Access Article
134 - Application and objectives of body language in the love poems of Badr Shākir al-Siyāb
Abdolahad Gheibi Mahin Hajizadeh Shahla HeidariHuman relations is not limited to spoken words, but transcends by use of physical gestures, so that the body language accompanies with the spoken language to express meanings. The present article seeks to study the amount of application body language in love poems of th MoreHuman relations is not limited to spoken words, but transcends by use of physical gestures, so that the body language accompanies with the spoken language to express meanings. The present article seeks to study the amount of application body language in love poems of this poet through descriptive-analytic approach. The poetic examples are selected from Aẓhār va asāṭīr (Flowers and myths) collection, the majority of its poems are love poems of this Iraqi poet. Since the body language has several subdivisions, the researchers have taken six subdivisions: the language of eyes, the language of hands, the language of face, the language of lips, the language of perfume and hairs. The results of the study show that the language of the poet in these poems is a translation of body languages. The language of the eyes is like charm and beauty; the language of the hands, the most frequent one in the collection, used to convey emotions and completes its expressions by their movements; the language of the lips is mixed with blameful expressions, whereas the language of face is scandalous, because of revealing abundant compact faces in the image of the poet. There is a coherent and close relation between the languages of perfume and hair, so, each one is incomplete if considered separated from the other: the language of perfume reveals hidden madness in strings of hairs, such as the perfumed hairs hanging from the poet's odes height. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - The Study of Myths and Symbols in BanugoshasbNameh
Mahmoud Tavousi Khadije Bahrami RahnamaMyths show the layers of human being's collective unconsciousness and include a nations' symbolic and mysterious conceptions. BanugoshasbNameh is a mythic verse book including mythic functions. In BanugoshasbNameh, Banugoshasb is a warring and heroic archetype. He MoreMyths show the layers of human being's collective unconsciousness and include a nations' symbolic and mysterious conceptions. BanugoshasbNameh is a mythic verse book including mythic functions. In BanugoshasbNameh, Banugoshasb is a warring and heroic archetype. Her functions remind the glory of women's role in agricultural era, the era which is famed for its matriarchy and in all the verses, it has been tried to show her power and nature. This article tries to show Banugoshasb's character and pays attention to mythic functions such as transformation, and water symbolism. The theoretical framework of this research is archetypal criticism which will be applied to Banugoshabnameh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - The Study of NarrativeTechniques in AhlemMosteghanemi’s Novel Zekrat al-Jasad (Memory in Flesh) :A Formalist Reading
saeid savari reza nazemianThis article is an attempt to study the element of the time of the novel Zakera al-Jassadwritten by AhlemMosteghanemi based on the time of narrative and the time of narration, relying on linguistic functions. This research seeks to explain how the time sequence of the e MoreThis article is an attempt to study the element of the time of the novel Zakera al-Jassadwritten by AhlemMosteghanemi based on the time of narrative and the time of narration, relying on linguistic functions. This research seeks to explain how the time sequence of the events of the novel changes in the direction of the circular line, as well as its relevance to the discourse representing contemporary history of Algeria and the parallelism of the discourse of narrative techniques with the sequence of events of the novel. The research concludes that despite the lack of order in the time sequence of events there is a correlation between narrative techniques and time arrangements of events; how the element of timehas regarded the discourse of the author of the novel. It has included current themes of the contemporary historyof Algeriawhich depictthe contemporary historyof Algeria, because AhlemMosteghanemi has clearly described the ideologies of contemporary history in Algeria. Thus the author of the novel, relying on thetechniques of stream of consciousness and linguistic functionshas changed time sequence of events in the direction of the circular line in order to transfer the feeling of the arrangement of the time sequence of events to reader. The author wants the reader to feel the time sequence of events and interpret them in the course of secret discourse within the element of time. The author also wants the reader to set the sequence of the events timeline within himself. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Calculation of optical properties of Na2S in different phases
Hamdollah salehi Emel AbdoullahiIn this paper, the optical properties of Na2S in various fcc, orthorhombic and hexagonal structural phases have been investigated. Calculations have been performed by using wien2k package which is based on density functional theory and FP-LAPW method. The LDA band struc MoreIn this paper, the optical properties of Na2S in various fcc, orthorhombic and hexagonal structural phases have been investigated. Calculations have been performed by using wien2k package which is based on density functional theory and FP-LAPW method. The LDA band structure calculation indicate that Na2S is a direct band gap semiconductor in each three studied phases. The optical band gaps obtained from imaginary part of dielectric function are in good agreement with structural band gaps. According to our results the maximum peak of the imaginary part of dielectric function, occurred at the energy range which coincide to the maximum peak of obsorbation and extinctions curves on that range. Similar behavior is observed for real part of dielectric function in comparison to refraction and reflections diagrams. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Study of Releasing of Doxorubicin Anticancer Drug from Magnetic Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite Hydrogel
G. Rezanejade Bardajee M.M. Rezaei -
Open Access Article
139 - Investigation and Comparison of Thermal Shock Behavior of Micro and Nanostructured Thermal Barrier Coatings Applied by Plasma Spray
A. Majidi M. Alizadeh M.R. Rahimipour -
Open Access Article
140 - Investigation of Hot Corrosion Resistance of usual CSZ and Layer Composite of CSZ/Nano-Al2O3 Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings
M. Nejati M.R. Rahimipour I. Mobasherpour -
Open Access Article
141 - Efficiency Improvement of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells through Deposition of a Double Blocking Layer and Fabrication of WO3/PANI Counter Electrode by Electrochemical Route
A. Zatirostami -
Open Access Article
142 - Improving the thermal shock resistance of functionally graded thermal barrier coating by creating nanostructure in the ceramic top coat
H.R. Moghaddam A. Davari M. Akbari-Baseri -
Open Access Article
143 - Effect of Passage of Production Time on Specifications of Electrochemically Synthesized Sodium Ferrate Particles
S. Samimi-sede -
Open Access Article
144 - Meter common rhythm and obsolete rhythm
mah NazariThe most exquisite and the greatest manifestations of our culture in our turbulent historical periods are the magnificent works in Persian literature reflecting all historical, cultural, social .psychological, aesthetic, and other aspects. To appreciate the value of the MoreThe most exquisite and the greatest manifestations of our culture in our turbulent historical periods are the magnificent works in Persian literature reflecting all historical, cultural, social .psychological, aesthetic, and other aspects. To appreciate the value of these invaluable gems, we must scrutinize over the delicate and witty points and distinguish between the good well as bad aspects because our contemporary literature is the logical continuation of the past literature. In this regard, knowledge of different genres, history of literature, prosody, stylistics, mysticism, history of language, grammar, rhyme and rhythm, Radif ,etc each provides a way for better understanding of literary works. Rhythmical language is an appealing subject for people, and some verses and musical statements remained from the time before Islam is an evidence of this. The evaluation of image laden language initiated from the time that a science or a craft entitled rhyme and rhythm was introduced. This article attempts to find a method for understanding the prevalent as well as obsolete meters ,and it provides statistical samples form various poetic in the works of the seventh and the beginning of the eighth century famous poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - The Reliability, Validity and Factor Structure of the Revised Islamic Scale of Envy (ISE-R)
Abbas Ali Haratiyan Mohammad Reza Ahmadi ابوالقاسم ولی زادهThe present research was conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of the revised version of the original Islamic Scale of Envy. This is a correlational research, in which from 30000 college students associated with the Consultation Department of the Supreme Le MoreThe present research was conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of the revised version of the original Islamic Scale of Envy. This is a correlational research, in which from 30000 college students associated with the Consultation Department of the Supreme Leader’s Office at universities, 1918 persons were randomly selected. The students completed the original test of Envy Scale (Vali-Zadeh, 2010/1389s.c.). For the validity of the scale, factor analysis methods (exploratory and confirmatory) and concurrent validity were used. Factor analysis of the data showed that the revised form of the Islamic Scale of Envy have four factors (including sense of irritation by others’ success, sense of deprivation and inferiority, tendency to deprive others of their blessings, and sorrow of being compared) and have a good concurrent validity. To avaluate the reliability of the scale, internal consistency was measured by Cronbach’s Alpha yielding 0.93 which means a highly reliable scale. Based on findings of the reseach, it can be concluded that this questionnaire has a high reliability and validity, which can assist us in investigating people’s temperamental and personality envy-related traits and it can be employed for clinical activities and future studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - The role of check structures in attracting tourists and reducing the risks of erosion and sediment (Case study: Khorramabad city)
Vahid Beiranvandi Bahar BeishamiBackground and Objective Human civilizations have long been formed along the rivers and water-rich areas, due to the need for water resources. Today, the growing trend of societies and the need for progress in various fields such as agriculture, housing, tourism, etc., MoreBackground and Objective Human civilizations have long been formed along the rivers and water-rich areas, due to the need for water resources. Today, the growing trend of societies and the need for progress in various fields such as agriculture, housing, tourism, etc., have made the exploitation of water resources inevitable. The severe economic dependence of the country on the oil exports on the one hand, and the disregard for the potential income from different types of tourism, on the other hand, made in this study solve the problems concerning the tourism industry. While identifying a suitable place for investment in the margins of water resources, we will introduce the most crucial capacities for the growth and development of tourism in communities, including structures such as dams, rivers, and dikes correction. These structures prevent hazards such as floods, erosion, and sediment that impede sustainable development. Therefore, this research will help us in watershed management operations and tourism development, along with creating special landscapes and reducing the related expenditures. For this purpose, by preparing various scenarios for special conditions such as slopes and water canals, necessary measures such as the dikes correction can be done in the best way. Also, the present study may provide the managers and stakeholders with a better view of the field of watershed management and the tourism industry. The research questions are as follows: What are the advantages and disadvantages of constructing any type of dike for tourism?, and What is the impact of dikes correction on the catchments of the study area and its role in attracting tourists?. In today's world, where tourism is a lucrative and pervasive industry, it is possible to help attract more tourists and identify these attractions by linking the watershed management, tourism, and rural attractions. Corrective structures are small structures constructed, using simple materials such as wood, stone, stone and mortar, concrete, and gravel netting, to reduce the slope of the canals, reduce the speed of water flow, and control erosion. In this study, by determining the appropriate location of dikes correction, it has been attempted to show the role of watershed management operations in the development of tourism in an area and the ways of reducing the financial and human costs of natural threats caused by rainfall. Without carefully examining the proper location of the dikes correction, any measure will have adverse effects on rural areas, roads, farms, and gardens, as well as urban areas. By merely building some kinds of the dike, we could not hope to earn huge incomes from tourism. Therefore, in this research, the following goals would be pursued: Determining and identifying the places affected by the dikes correction plan in the study area, Preserving water and soil, preventing the erosion, and creating a tourism-friendly environment; Scientific review of the advantages and disadvantages of dikes correction; Reduction of damages resulted from the drought and creating a beautiful environment; Study of international ideas and experiences in this regard; Reviewing the works done in other areas and comparing it with the works in the study area; The performance of dikes in the study area in terms of rainfall status and its role in the rate of erosion and sedimentation; The impact of structures correction on human, social and physical capitals and its consequences for society.Materials and Methods This applied study has been conducted in Khorramabad, the center of Lorestan Province-Iran. With an area of 4942 square kilometers and an altitude of 1148 meters above sea level and having a temperate climate, this area is one of the most important and largest catchments of the Karkheh River. Using the opinion of experts and applying the #C programming language for each of the hydrological criteria with the following sub-indicators, a weight is obtained. Using the effect of the weights on the created phase map and the geographical information system, a weight map is produced. Sub-indicators include water canals (grading the streams), wells, springs, and aqueducts (location of these resources downstream of these structures), topography with geological subsections (rock hardness), coverage, slope (division in the range of 5-70%), economic and social indicators (main roads and by-ways and location of villages) and two important land usage priorities (severe dependency on the type of land coverage with regard to the erosion) and faults prepared from the Geology map (1:25000). By merging all accessible maps, suitable locations will be selected to build correction dams in proper tourist areas.Results and Discussion In this study, we examined the type of dikes correction in 8 random points of the study area, the results of which show the appropriateness of the implementation method of the study. Considering the objectives of the study and the importance of constructing each of the dikes correction in reducing the damages caused by erosion and sedimentation after rainfalls, and regarding the importance of the project in tourist attraction, and lastly to improve the performance of such projects, we will present the following suggestions: Implementation of studies in the margins of structures, for tourism development; Construction of fishing ponds in the path of correction structures and including a fishing program for tourists, with the aim of entertainment and creating inner peace; Reducing the pressure on water and land resources, by increasing currency earnings and entrepreneurship in the framework of ecotourism services; Maintaining and increasing the balance of water resources in order to attract tourists; Storage and preservation of seasonal waters in order to grow vegetation and increase the desire of tourists, in the dry seasons of the region; Piloting a part of the study area, with the aim of determining the role of dikes correction in attracting tourists and comparing it with other water resources; Using the knowledge of watershed management engineers in the scientific construction of various correction, in order to attract scientific tourists; Maximize the development of ecotourism with abandoned water resources.Conclusion The analysis of the findings of this study reveals that in order to assume tourism as an applied industry, its various aspects should be considered; The most important strategies and suggestions presented to achieve this research goal are as follows: ­ Providing simple, appropriate and practical solutions based on scientific principles to improve the employment situation, maintain and develop infrastructures, revitalize tourist sites (watershed structures) and sane financial resources. Prioritization in this way plays an effective role in making the watershed and tourism construction credits, purposeful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - DeterEffects of Heracleum persicum Extract Prefeeding on the Blood-Brain Bajrriers Permeability and Brain Edema in Model Rats’ Cerebral Strokes
Seyyed Lila Mirsalehi Mehdi Rahnema Mohammad Reza BigdeliInroduction & Objective:Ischemic brain damage has disabled a large number of patients, in some cases with death and in other cases with different forms of permanent disabilities. Ischemic edema is one of the most important stroke complications. The purpose of this study MoreInroduction & Objective:Ischemic brain damage has disabled a large number of patients, in some cases with death and in other cases with different forms of permanent disabilities. Ischemic edema is one of the most important stroke complications. The purpose of this study is assessing the effects of heracleum persicum extract on the blood - brain barriers permeability and evaluating the caused reductions in brain edemas.Methodsand materialIn this experimental study, 7 male Wistar rat were under investigation. First and second groups (control mice and sham mice) were distilling water, while the other three groups were consuming heracleum persicum extract with doses of 30, 50, 100 mg/kg for per kilogram of their body weight, and this feeding procedure was orally by using gavage for 30 days. Two hours after taking the last dose; each major group had been divided to (Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion) MCAO subgroups, in order to measure the permeability of the blood - brain permeability and also measuring the level of cerebral edema.ResultsPretreatment with heracleum persicum extracts reduced brain edema in groups which had received 50 and 100 mg/kgof the extract for per kilogram of their body weight. Rats pretreatment with heracleum persicum extract also reduced the permeability of blood - brain barriers after MCAO.ConclusionThis study suggests that heracleum persicum extract may reduce brain edema and also may reduce the permeability of the blood-brain barriers in cerebral ischemia - reperfusion in model rats and would cause neurological protection; but more work is needed to extend these observations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Relationship between Preconditioning with Intermittent Hyperoxia on Na/Ca2+ Exchanger 1 Level and Brain Infarct Volume in Rat Stroke Model
Ekram Mohammadi Mohammad Reza BigdeliInroduction and ObjectiveRecent studies suggest that Normobaric Hyperoxia (HO) decreases hypoxia-reoxygenation injury, increases expression of Na/Ca2+ Exchanger1 (NCX1) in brain. We wanted to determine the relationship between HO effects on NCX1 and infarct volume (IV) MoreInroduction and ObjectiveRecent studies suggest that Normobaric Hyperoxia (HO) decreases hypoxia-reoxygenation injury, increases expression of Na/Ca2+ Exchanger1 (NCX1) in brain. We wanted to determine the relationship between HO effects on NCX1 and infarct volume (IV) in rat stroke model. Materials and Methods:Rats were divided into two experimental groups. The first group was exposed to 95% inspired HO for 4 hours/day for 6 consecutive days (HO). The second group acted as control and was exposed to 21% oxygen in the same chamber. Each main group was sub-divided to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO-operated) and intact (without any surgery) sub-groups. After 2, 5, 10 and 15 days from pre-treatment, MCAO-operated sub-groups were subjected to 60 minutes of right MCAO. After 24 hours reperfusion, infarct volume was measured in MCAO-operated sub-groups. The NCX1 expression levels of core, penumbra and sub-cortex regions were assessed in sham-operated and intact sub-groups.ResultsPre-conditioning with HO decreased infarct volume, and increased expression of NCX1 in penumbra and sub-cortex. These effects of hyperoxia disappeared gradually during 15 days after pre-treatment.Conclusion: Although further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of time course of neuroprotection, HO partly is associated with expression of NCX1 consistent with an active role in the genesis of ischaemic neuroprotection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Investigating the effects of injecting intravenous anesthetics Propofol, sodium thiopental, fentanyl during implantation on the rate of abnormalities in rats.
Shiva Shojaifard Mohamad Reza Jamshidi Elham Hosseini Somayeh Abdollahi sabet مهدی رهنماBackground & Aim: Background and purpose: Anesthesia is very important for assisted reproductive technology to provide minimal adverse effects on the oocyte. Defects in the development of the embryo or abnormality in its growth phenomenon lead to IVF failure in most MoreBackground & Aim: Background and purpose: Anesthesia is very important for assisted reproductive technology to provide minimal adverse effects on the oocyte. Defects in the development of the embryo or abnormality in its growth phenomenon lead to IVF failure in most cases. The number of abnormalities in laboratory rats is RAT.Materials & methods: Propofol, Nestonal, and Fentanyl were used for single and combined anesthesia. The sham group was studied to control injection stress by injecting distilled water and the control group without receiving drugs. In the next step, the fertility conditions of the mice were provided. The effectiveness of the drugs is relatively similar to the selected doses, and after counting, cesarean surgery is performed on each fetus, and after the placenta is carefully separated from the fetus, both are carefully weighed, measured, and recorded.Results: The difference in the number of births was not observed, but the weight of the placenta and the weight of the fetus were investigated as indicators determining the effect of drugs on the fetus, which can be a symbol of fetal abnormalities. The results showed that the drugs used had no effect on conception and its success rate, but they were effective on fetal growth, and propofol had the least effect on abnormalities, and there was a significant difference in placenta and fetal weight between this group and the other group. The birth weight of mice was based on the type of drug, the highest birth weight was related to the drug Nestonal (TP) and the lowest birth weight was related to the drug Fentanyl (PH). Based on the type of drug, the live birth weight of the mice was the highest weight of the live mice related to Nestonal drug (TP) and the lowest was related to Fentanyl drug (PH).Conclusion: Examining anesthetic drugs to find the safest and best drug is of great clinical and research importance. The study of chromosomal abnormalities is one of the main programs of future studies for the analysis of fetal abnormalities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Effect of sodium molybdate on Cadmium Chloride-induced Infertility in adult male Wistar rats
Hormat Khorami Akram Eidi Pejman Mortazavi Mehrdad ModaresiIntroduction & Objective: Molybdenum, as a trace and essential element has cofactor role in the structure of antioxidant enzymes. This study aimed at investigating the antioxidant role of sodium molybdate on cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced testicular toxicity in ad MoreIntroduction & Objective: Molybdenum, as a trace and essential element has cofactor role in the structure of antioxidant enzymes. This study aimed at investigating the antioxidant role of sodium molybdate on cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced testicular toxicity in adult Wistar rats.Materials and Methods: Eighty adult male rats were divided into ten groups, including healthy control, sodium molybdate alone, infertile control (3 mg/kg of CdCl2), and sodium molybdate plus CdCl2. The impacts of oral administration of sodium molybdate (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4mg/kg) was evaluated in healthy and infertile animals. After the end of the period, serum levels of testosterone, FSH and LH and changes in body weight and testicular,the number of embryos obtained from fertility evaluation.Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test.Results: Final body weight, weight gained, testicular weight and ratio of testicular weight to body weight, serum level of male sex hormones and number of fertility fetuses in infertile experimental groups treated with sodium molybdate were significantly different from the infertile control group (P< 0.05).Conclusion: The current findings suggested that sodium molybdate performs as a strong protective agent from CdCl2-related testicular toxicity in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Recognizing the Concept of the Iranian Bazaar from the Perspective of Ancient Texts of Persian literature
Zahra AbbasiThe lack of systematic reading of architectural works in society has led to a failure in improving design quality, as exemplified by the use of the term "bazaar" in ancient texts. This research investigates the relationships and influence of the word "bazaar" on shaping MoreThe lack of systematic reading of architectural works in society has led to a failure in improving design quality, as exemplified by the use of the term "bazaar" in ancient texts. This research investigates the relationships and influence of the word "bazaar" on shaping the overall meaning of architectural works from the 3rd to the 8th Hijri centuries. The structure of perception and cognition is closely intertwined. Certain words and terms employed by people are now rarely used and are sometimes unfamiliar. The Persian language tends to emphasize quantitative aspects rather than qualitative ones. Delving into the concept of the bazaar in textual sources not only addresses the qualitative dimensions of our cultural heritage but also acquaints us with the wisdom, experiences, and viewpoints of our predecessors, paving the way for novel conceptualizations grounded in their achievements. To comprehend the concept of the bazaar in Persian poetry, this study adopts a qualitative research methodology employing a case study with a summarization approach. Poets who have significantly contributed to shaping the Persian language have been selected. Through the retention of meanings employed within the research timeframe and the identification of the word "bazaar" and its various combinations, the concept has been delineated and categorized. A review of the literature underscores that knowledge of the bazaar and its cultural impacts has transcended geographical and temporal boundaries. A meaningful correlation exists between concepts and spatial arrangements. The term "bazaar" stands as one of the most frequently used words in poetry, taking on diverse meanings while maintaining a consistent appearance. It serves both descriptive and narrative roles, simultaneously embodying moral attributes and providing a gateway to comprehending its semantic essence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Diseases Of Heart and the Ways to Recover from the Koran Viewpoint plus Mystical Literature
Maryam ZibaeenejadIn this paper, the writer tries to explain the diseases that deviate and evolve heart resulting in depression and death of heart by going through mystical cultures and texts while providing different definitions of heart and soul documented out of the Holy Koran and evi MoreIn this paper, the writer tries to explain the diseases that deviate and evolve heart resulting in depression and death of heart by going through mystical cultures and texts while providing different definitions of heart and soul documented out of the Holy Koran and evidences in mystical literature, having in mind that the Almighty has mentioned the heart diseases and the ways to recover them. The writer has explained the recovery ways of the diseases according to the verses of the Koran and the traditions, after a study over them, together with evidences reflected in mystical verses and prose so that the impression of the Koran on mystical literature could be recognized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Mystical Analysis of ‘MasnaviyalMa’naviyalKhafiyah’ by Ibrahim GolshaniBardeyee, 9th Century AH
اکرم کشفی احمدرضا یلمههاMasnaviyalMa’naviyalKhafiyah is one of the treasures in Persian literature typically known to be educational and mystical, that despite the efforts done by researchers to introduce and appreciate the written works of great scholars, it remains unknown as of now. In 922 MoreMasnaviyalMa’naviyalKhafiyah is one of the treasures in Persian literature typically known to be educational and mystical, that despite the efforts done by researchers to introduce and appreciate the written works of great scholars, it remains unknown as of now. In 922 AH, Ibrahim GolshaniBardeyee composed it in couplet titled as Ma’naviyalKhafiyah as long as 40 thousand lines. This literary mystical work of art begins with some lines expressing cane, and just like Rumi using consequent tales and simile and fables, the poet explains his desired mystical themes and concepts. Beign aware of rational and quoted science as well as sufi principles and a good command of Arabic language, the poet has been able to explain and teach mysticism in simple fluent language far from figures of speech and complicated jargons. This paper tries to briefly introduce this handwritten work of art, analysing a few of mystical themes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - ارزیابی سرودههای مذهبی شاعران برجستۀ شیعه در سدۀ نهم هجری
محمود آیتی -
Open Access Article
155 - Survey of Social Evolution in Sama Ceremony and Mystical Music in Iran Based on Islamic Miniatures
Fakhredin Mohamadian Seyed Rasoul Mosavie haji Abed TaghaviMusic is always influenced by Islamic thoughts and Islamic art social and cultural conditions were different periods. Sufi community of faith and social structure, in deep and meaningful relationship with art, music, manifested. Ritual dance and music of Sufism, Sufi so MoreMusic is always influenced by Islamic thoughts and Islamic art social and cultural conditions were different periods. Sufi community of faith and social structure, in deep and meaningful relationship with art, music, manifested. Ritual dance and music of Sufism, Sufi society, because of the attitude of various social and political conditions did not go as smoothly. This study intends to study how the social position of Sufism Sufi music and dance rituals in medieval Islamic period later to pay.The present study intends to study the social status of the society of Sufism and its role in the religious tradition.So the study was conducted cross-historical approach. Data collection, the library method has been done. Results of studies indicate it is important that the vision of the Sufi ritual dance and music are often the result of the political structure and governance positions than has been thought and mysticism, So that in the fifth century to the mid-ninth century AH, privileged social position of Sufism, a Sufi boom is singing and music, But in the tenth and eleventh centuries AD, due to the formation of a political structure that period, the process is reduced. So that in later periods also could return to its former golden era and social life. Manuscript profile -
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156 - تجلی عرفان در اندیشۀ نجم الدین رازی
Zahra Zarii Amir Ismail Azar Roghieh Sadraii -
Open Access Article
157 - Introducing and Reviewing Asās al-Marefat of Kamāl al-Din Siddighi
Mehran Mohebbi Maryam Mahmudi Parisa Davari Hossein AghahosiniThe remaining manuscripts of the ancestors are an important part of culture and civilization, and considering it as one of the treasures of cultural heritage is very important. The treatise of Asas al-Ma'rafat is an exquisite work of the tenth century, which has not yet MoreThe remaining manuscripts of the ancestors are an important part of culture and civilization, and considering it as one of the treasures of cultural heritage is very important. The treatise of Asas al-Ma'rafat is an exquisite work of the tenth century, which has not yet been corrected and published. The work remains only one handwritten note held in the library of Ayatullah Golpayegani from 11.01.2001, and is the basis of this research. Unfortunately, this treatise has not yet been made known. So, due to the importance of this treatise and considering this fact that it has not been known so far, the authors in this research are trying to introduce this work of Kamāl al-Din Siddighi, and to study its content, elements, components, and style. The study of this work shows that Kamāl al-Din Siddighi is a distinguished mystic, spiritual disciple of Jami and a follower of Mahdi al-Din ibn Arabi, and the trace of Ibn Arabi's mysticism is clearly evident in this treatise. Kamāl al-Din Sedighi as a writer is capable of constructing and texturing words greatly. Figurative language, Arabic words and contents, allusions, metaphors, synonyms, complexity of language and literary language that are seen in the other works and texts of this period are clearly evident in this work. This treatise has great importance in the field of cultural study as it contains mystical and philosophical thoughts, terminology, historical information, and so on. Manuscript profile -
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158 - پگاهانگی وازخودبیگانگی
میر جلال الدین کزازی -
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159 - بررسی تخصیص یا تخصص بودن استثنائات حرمت ربا
مریم نقدی دورباطی احمد عابدینی نجف آبادی جواد پنجه پور -
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160 - بررسی تأثیر شرط فاسد در عقد با لحاظ قصد متعاقدین
حسن رضا خلجی -
Open Access Article
161 - Estimation of field biotic index and water quality of lake of Doroodzan dam using aquatic insects fauna
H. OstovanBenthic macroinvertebrate species are differentially sensitive to many biotic and abiotic factors in their environment. The field biotic index is based on family level identification of water arthropods, amphipods and isopods. An interest in environmental quality is one MoreBenthic macroinvertebrate species are differentially sensitive to many biotic and abiotic factors in their environment. The field biotic index is based on family level identification of water arthropods, amphipods and isopods. An interest in environmental quality is one of the major reasons for the study of aquatic insects. The idea of using the aquatic insect community to “indicate” the degree of purity or pollution of a body of water is over half a century old. It is based on the concept of indicator organisms and tolerance levels. During 2010-2011 studies were carried out on the field biotic index of lake of Doroodzan dam in Fars province using aquatic insects fauna. A total of 23 families were collected and identified in 12 habitat codes of the lake. Aquatic insects are given a numerical pollution tolerance score ranging from 0 to 10. The value is based on field and laboratory responses of these organisms toward organic pollution. Zero taxa are extremely intolerant to low dissolved oxygen; taxa with score of 2 through 9 are tolerant to varying degrees; taxa which can survive great amounts of pollution are scored 10. In this survey, biotic index of lake of Doroodzan dam was 3.92 which places in the rank of very good during this survey. Manuscript profile -
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162 - The Effect of Culture Medium, Organic Matter and Salinity on the Amount and Active Ingredients of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) Essential Oil
Shima Rahmanian Abolhossein Aboutalebi Jahromi Mehdi Hoseini FarahiTo study the effect of culture medium, organic matter, and salinity on active compounds of lemon balm, a factorial experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with 3 replications. First factor (culture medium at three levels; compost+arable soil, vermicompo MoreTo study the effect of culture medium, organic matter, and salinity on active compounds of lemon balm, a factorial experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with 3 replications. First factor (culture medium at three levels; compost+arable soil, vermicompost+arable soil, and compost+vermicompost+arable soil), second factor (organic matter; humic acid (HA) and effective microorganisms (EM) both 5 per 1000); and third factor (salinity; tap water, 40 and 80mM). Examination of essential oils by the GC method revealed the presence of 34 compounds. These compounds were affected by substrate and salinity. The major constituents of essential oils including Trans-carveol, Carvacrol acetate, Isoborneol, Isopulegol and γ-3-Carene were observed in the combined substrate of arable soil+compost+vermicompost, and the highest levels of 1,3,8-P-menthatriene, Citronellol, and γ-Terpinene were observed in the combined substrate of arable soil+compost. With increasing salinity, amount of Trans-carveol, Carvacrol acetate, γ-Terpinene, Isoborneol, Citronellol increased, and γ-3-Carene, Isopulegol and 1,3,8-P-menthatriene decreased significantly. The highest percentages of Trans-carveol (21.85), Isoborneol (12.90), Carvacrol acetate (11.78) were observed in the salinity of 80mM in combined substrate of arable soil+compost+ vermicompost. The highest percentage of Citronellol (11.12) and γ-Terpinene (9.87) were recorded under compost substrate. In the control and with a combined substrate of arable soil+compost, the highest percentage of compounds, including 1,3,8,P-menthatriene (9.93) was observed. Finally, the combined substrate of arable soil+compost+vermicompost caused the highest percentages of Isopulegol (8.98) and γ-3-Carene (8.47). Application of HA could increase the main constituents, in lemon balm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Social Status of Women in “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” and Zakerato Aljasad Novels
Payman SalehiThe present research intended to investigate the social status of women in the novels; “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” written by Ali Mohammad Afghani and “Zakerato Aljasad” by Ahlam Mosteghanemi. The research universe included social status of wom MoreThe present research intended to investigate the social status of women in the novels; “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” written by Ali Mohammad Afghani and “Zakerato Aljasad” by Ahlam Mosteghanemi. The research universe included social status of women in Algeria and Iran. The sample subsumed the novels; “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” and “Zakerato Aljasad”. The research was designed as analytical and descriptive type. The data were collected through library study via reviewing scientific documents with emphasizing on the above mentioned scripts. The data were analyzed by qualative analysis based on descriptive approach. The findings revealed that both authors despite their gender, cultural, social and linguistic differences, could properly and realistically portrayed women’s violated rights images. Some common issues were seen in both novels including forced marriage, domestic work burden, deprivation of education and humiliation of women. Such problems which became major concerns for women was relatively improved by some novel women iconoclasm. In discussion about discriminations, problems such as physical abuse of women by their husbands, women role playing as men, divorce to emancipate of spouse abuse were indeed mentioned. Manuscript profile -
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164 - Study of Women's Clothing in the Sixth Century (AH) and its Impact on the Social Status of Women Based on Enamel -Work Pottery Figures
Khadijeh Sharif Kazemi Fakhredin Mohamadian Sayyed Rasool Mousavi HajiThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the type of Iranian women's clothing in the sixth century (AH), and its impact on the social status of women of that period based on the enamel -work paintings. The population of the present study was the female motifs MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the type of Iranian women's clothing in the sixth century (AH), and its impact on the social status of women of that period based on the enamel -work paintings. The population of the present study was the female motifs on the enamel -work pottery which have been studied based on objective documentation of women's clothing. This research was conducted with a descriptive-analytical method. To collect data library resources and field studies were used via visiting and examining clay art collections. The rational and methodological study of archaeological evidence, examples of how the clothing of past societies can play an important role in rebuilding their social and cultural system. Archaeological evidence in the middle period of Islam such as paintings and paintings on enamel -work and luster painted potteries could be valuable in recognizing and reflecting the attitudes and influences of social and cultural structures on women's clothes in this period. The results of this study showed that there were several factors in this course such as the type of climate of the region, the pattern of the traditional styles, indigenous styles, and the type of demand for quality and the appearance of clothing has been impressive. The type of women's clothing in this period was proportional to the social atmosphere and the venue in which they would attend. In fact, the themes and types of motifs on the women's clothing of the Seljuk period can represent a part of the culture and position of the women of that period. Manuscript profile -
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165 - ارزیابی رسوبگذاری در مخزن سد مسجد سلیمان با مدل ریاضی GSTARS-3
رضا تاج مهر هوشنگ حسونی زاده سمانه عبدویسانتقال و انباشت رسوبات در سدهای مخزنی باعث تقلیل حجم و عمر مفید مخازن ذخیره آب می شود. هدف از این مقاله بررسی میزان اثر پارامترهای موثر در مدل رسوب گذاری وپیش بینی میزان رسوب در مخزن سد مسجد سلیمان می باشد. لذا از مدل شبه دو بعدی Gstarsاستفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که م Moreانتقال و انباشت رسوبات در سدهای مخزنی باعث تقلیل حجم و عمر مفید مخازن ذخیره آب می شود. هدف از این مقاله بررسی میزان اثر پارامترهای موثر در مدل رسوب گذاری وپیش بینی میزان رسوب در مخزن سد مسجد سلیمان می باشد. لذا از مدل شبه دو بعدی Gstarsاستفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که مدل نسبت به پارامتر الگوی ترسیب و معادله انتقال رسوب بیشترین حساسیت را نشان می­ دهد. همچنین کالیبراسیون مدل با استفاده از آمار سیلاب­ های لحظه­ای دارای حساسیت کمتری نسبت به آمار روزانه می ­باشد. میزان خطای قابل اغماض میان مقادیر مشاهده ای و نتایج محاسبه ها دو درصد بود که نشان دهنده آنست که مدل ریاضی Gstarsجهت استفاده در تخمین میزان و نحوه توزیع رسوب مناسب است. در نهایت کاهش حجم سالیانه مخزن 6/1 درصد برآورد شد که مقدار مشاهده ای آن برابر 1/1 درصد است. Manuscript profile -
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166 - ارزیابی اثر خشک سالی برEC و SAR در هفت ایستگاه هیدرومتری در مسیر رودخانه دز
سعید آزیش علی عصاره داود خدادادی دهکردی یکی از پیامد­های خشک­سالی فشار بر منابع آبی است. در این مطالعه اثر خشکسالی بر EC و SAR رودخانه دز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور هفت ایستگاه آبسنجی در طول مسیر رودخانه انتخاب و آمار ده ساله کیفی آب (سال­های 93-83) از سازمان آب و برق خوزستان و آ More یکی از پیامد­های خشک­سالی فشار بر منابع آبی است. در این مطالعه اثر خشکسالی بر EC و SAR رودخانه دز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور هفت ایستگاه آبسنجی در طول مسیر رودخانه انتخاب و آمار ده ساله کیفی آب (سال­های 93-83) از سازمان آب و برق خوزستان و آمار هواشناسی از ایستگاه­های حسینیه، دزفول و شوش اخذ شد. نتایج نشان داد شدید­ترین خشک­سالی در ایستگاههای حسینیه و دزفول مربوط به سال 1387 و در ایستگاه شوش مربوط به سال 1390 می‎باشد. در سال­های شاخص خشکسالی نسبت به میانگین درازمدت در ایستگاه­های سپید دشت سزار، سپید دشت زاز، تنگ پنج سزار، تنگ پنج بختیاری، دزفول، حرمله و بامدژ به ترتیب 74/3، 3/15، 67/11، 16/22، 59/10، 28/5 و 98/37 درصد افزایش یافته است. همچنین در بین هفت ایستگاه منتخب، بیشترین درصد افزایشSAR در سال­های خشک مربوط به ایستگاه دزفول با 50 درصد می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
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167 - برآورد و بررسی آبدهی مطمئن مخزن سد اکباتان بر اساس سطح اعتمادپذیری نیازهای شرب و کشاورزی شهر همدان
کوشا خاتونی رضا فرزادبا رشد روز افزون خشکسالی­ های اخیر در کشور، مدیریت صحیح و درست منابع آب و اولویت ­بندی تخصیص بخصوص در شهر­هایی که وضعیت بحرانی قرار دارند از مسائل مهم و ضروری هستند. مقدار تخصیص آب در سدهای مخزنی در ماه­ های مختلف با توجه به ذخیره مخزن تعیین می ­شود. Moreبا رشد روز افزون خشکسالی­ های اخیر در کشور، مدیریت صحیح و درست منابع آب و اولویت ­بندی تخصیص بخصوص در شهر­هایی که وضعیت بحرانی قرار دارند از مسائل مهم و ضروری هستند. مقدار تخصیص آب در سدهای مخزنی در ماه­ های مختلف با توجه به ذخیره مخزن تعیین می ­شود. بنابراین هدف از انجام این پژوهش، برآورد و بررسی میزان اعتمادپذیری سد مخزنی اکباتان شهر همدان بر اساس نیاز آب شرب و کشاورزی است؛ که با توجه به آماره­ی بارش­ های سالانه این حوضه و مدل کردن شبیه ­سازی آبدهی مطمئن در محیط نرم ­افزاری MATLAB به بررسی این امر مهم و اساسی می ­پردازد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می ­دهد با شبیه­ سازی آبدهی مطمئن سد اکباتان، آبدهی این مخرن با توجه به داده آماری بارش، با هدف تـامین ۹۰ درصد نیـاز شرب و 80 درصد نیاز کشاورزی مخزن سد قادر به تامین این نیازها خواهد بود و می­توان گفت مدل آبدهی تعریف شده در این تحقیق با توجه به توانایی در کاهش کمبودها و جلوگیری از وقوع کمبودهای شدید، جهت تهیه منحنی فرمان بهره­ برداری از سدهای مخزنی مناسب می ­باشد. Manuscript profile -
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168 - مقایسه آبشویی خاکهای شور و سدیمی به دو روش غرقابی دایم و متناوب در اراضی جنوب استان خوزستان
علی اکبر جلالی حسین سخایی راددر این پژوهش، آزمایش­های آبشویی به دو روش غرقابی دایم و متناوب، در کرت­های آزمایشی در اراضی جنوب استان خوزستان اجرا شد. به ازای کاربرد روش متناوب، مقادیریکسان آب آبشویی، نتایج بسیار بهتری در روند شوری­زدایی و سدیم­زدایی نسبت به روش دایم نشان داد. در روش Moreدر این پژوهش، آزمایش­های آبشویی به دو روش غرقابی دایم و متناوب، در کرت­های آزمایشی در اراضی جنوب استان خوزستان اجرا شد. به ازای کاربرد روش متناوب، مقادیریکسان آب آبشویی، نتایج بسیار بهتری در روند شوری­زدایی و سدیم­زدایی نسبت به روش دایم نشان داد. در روش متناوب، به­کارگیری دوره­های تناوب 5 و 8 روزه، جهت آبشویی اراضی منطقه، در عمق یک متری خاک، تفاوت چندانی با هم نداشتند. اگر چه روند تغییرات شوری­زدایی و سدیم­زدایی در طی مراحل آبشویی و به خصوص در مراحل اولیه آن تفاوت کمی نشان داد، ولی در نهایت، اثر هر دو تناوب مشابه بود. مقایسه نتایج شوری­زدایی آزمون­های مزرعه­ای و مدل­های ارائه شده توسط سایر محققین نشان داد در بین مدل­های مورد بحث، تنها مدل دیلمان که یک رابطه نمایی و مبتنی بر روابط تجربی- نظری است، قادر بوده با دقت بهتری نسبت به سایر مدل­ها، نتایج حاصل از داده­های مزرعه­ای به هر دو روش آبشویی غرقابی دایم و متناوب را برآورد کند. این برآورد در روش متناوب، هم خوانی بیشتری با نتایج آزمون­های مزرعه­ای داشته است. هم چنین بررسی نتایج حاصل از ارقام سدیم­زدایی خاک­ها نشان داد، به دلیل وجود منابع کافی کلسیم موجود در خاک، بعد از شسته شدن خاک­های شور و سدیمی، با مشکل سدیمی شدن خاک­ها مواجه نبوده و نیازی به استفاده از مواد اصلاحی در خاک­های مورد آزمون نمی­باشد. Manuscript profile -
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169 - مدل بهینهسازی منحنی فرمان جهت بهرهبرداری از مخزن سد دز با استفاده از الگوریتم ژنتیک
عمادالدین شیرالی علیرضا نیکبخت شهبازی نرگس ظهرابیهدف از این مطالعه تهیه منحنی فرمان بهره برداری از سد دز با مدل بهینه سازی الگوریتم ژنتیک و سیاست بهره برداری استاندارد است. بدین منظور شبیه سازی سیستم منابع آب سد دز با استفاده از اطلاعات پایه بمنظور تعیین قابلیت مخزن سد دز در تأمین اهداف طرح انجام گرفت. برای تهیه من Moreهدف از این مطالعه تهیه منحنی فرمان بهره برداری از سد دز با مدل بهینه سازی الگوریتم ژنتیک و سیاست بهره برداری استاندارد است. بدین منظور شبیه سازی سیستم منابع آب سد دز با استفاده از اطلاعات پایه بمنظور تعیین قابلیت مخزن سد دز در تأمین اهداف طرح انجام گرفت. برای تهیه منحنی های فرمان بهره برداری (تقسیم بندی حجم مخزن) از روش الگوریتم که جزء روش های بهینه سازی فراکاوشی است استفاده شد. منحنی های فرمان ابتدا با روش الگوریتم (GA) به دست آمد و سپس با شبیه سازی سیستم و مقایسه نتایج بهینه سازی با سیاست بهره برداری استاندارد (SOP) که یک روش پایه و مبنا برای بهره برداری مخازن معرفی شده است، نتایج مقایسه شد. سیاست جیره‎ بندی در دو سطح منحنی فرمان برای خشکسالی های خفیف و شدید انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که با بکارگیری منحنی فرمان، از کمبودهای شدید جلوگیری می شود و کمبودهای ماهانه کاهش می یابد. همچنین نتایج سیاست بهره برداری بر اساس منحنی فرمان و ضریب جیره‎بندی بهینه، کارآمدتر از روش SOP است. به دلیل تلفیق دو مدل شبیه سازی و بهینه سازی، امکان تحلیل و بهینه سازی سیستم های پیچیده با در نظر گرفتن همبستگی های متغیرهای مورد نظر، جریان های ورودی و مؤلفه های مصرف فراهم شد. Manuscript profile -
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170 - تحلیل ترک در ارتباط با پایداری سدهای وزنیبتنی با استفاده از نرمافزار CADAM (مطالعه موردی: سد تنظیمی دز)
علی بهشتی حسن کیامنشمطالعه حاظر به بررسی تنش و تحلیل ترک در سدهای ­وزنی-بتنی تحت شتاب­ ثابت حاصل از زمین­لرزه در راستای افقی و زلزله­های القایی تولید شده از جانب مخزن سد پرداخته است. این تحلیل با استفاده از نرم­افزارCADAM انجام شد. هدف اصلی از محاسبات تنش، تعیین Moreمطالعه حاظر به بررسی تنش و تحلیل ترک در سدهای ­وزنی-بتنی تحت شتاب­ ثابت حاصل از زمین­لرزه در راستای افقی و زلزله­های القایی تولید شده از جانب مخزن سد پرداخته است. این تحلیل با استفاده از نرم­افزارCADAM انجام شد. هدف اصلی از محاسبات تنش، تعیین میزان کشش طول شکاف می­باشد که بر اثر نیروهای اینرسی موجود در سد ایجاد می­شوند و تأثیر این تنش­ها بر پایداری سد بتنی می­باشد. نرمافزار CADAM در سال 2003 در دانشگاه مونترال و برای تحلیل سدهای بتنی در حالات مختلف طراحی شده است. در این مقاله به تحلیل شکاف و تأثیر آن بر پایداری سد وزنی­بتنی با بیشینه زلزله g28/0 پرداخته شد و نتایج آن در هر درز اجرایی به صورت مجزا مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. در تمامی درزها حداقل ضریب ایمنی در برابر پایداری (حداقل 3/1) حاصل شد. با مشاهده جداول نتایج می­توان به این نتیجه رسید که پایداری سد تنظیمیدز برای شتاب زلزله افقی معادل g 28/0 مناسب بوده هر چند ترک­هایی در بدنه سد بوجود می­آید اما باعث خرابی سد نمی­شوند و تمامی پارامترهای بدست آمده در حالت زلزله و حالت عادی قابل قبول می­باشند. Manuscript profile -
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171 - مکان یابی احداث سدهای خاکی کوچک در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک با روش تحلیل چند معیاره مکانی (SMCE)
مسلم چابک بلداجی هادی زارعی محمودآبادی محمد علی شیرزاده محمد حسن زادهیکی از راه حلهای کارآمد و مناسب برای بهینه سازی استفاده از رواناب به ویژه درمناطق خشک و نیمه خشک، استفاده ازسدهای خاکی کوچک است. که ضمن کاهش خسارات ناشی از سیل، در تغذیه مصنوعی سفره آب زیرزمینی، احیای مراتع و بیابان زدایی موثر است.در سالهای اخیر، توسعه و بهره برداری از Moreیکی از راه حلهای کارآمد و مناسب برای بهینه سازی استفاده از رواناب به ویژه درمناطق خشک و نیمه خشک، استفاده ازسدهای خاکی کوچک است. که ضمن کاهش خسارات ناشی از سیل، در تغذیه مصنوعی سفره آب زیرزمینی، احیای مراتع و بیابان زدایی موثر است.در سالهای اخیر، توسعه و بهره برداری از منابع آب و خاک در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک، ضرورتی انکارناپذیر است که بهر ه برداری از سیلابهای آنی در این مناطق یکی از این زمینهها است. یکی از مسائلی مهمی که در زمینه طراحی مکان احداث این سازههای مهندسی در حوزههای آبخیز وجود دارد، بحث مکان یابی صحیح این سازهها بر روی رودخانه اصلی حوزه می باشد. عدم وجود یک راه ریاضی و منطقی به منظور اولویت بندی عملیات اجرایی این سازهها ما را بر آن داشت تا با استفاده از مدل ارزیابی چند معیاره مکانی و تلفیق لایههای اطلاعاتی که از اهداف اصلی این تحقیق می باشد، مکانهای مناسب جهت احداث سد خاکی بر روی رودخانههای اصلی حوزه آبخیز یوسف آباد طبس بپردازیم. لذا با استفاده از ترکیب نقشههای رستریمربوط به محدودیت مکانی (حریم رودخانه)، عوامل مکانی طبیعی (درصد شیب، حریم از رودخانه، واحدهای ژئومورفولوژی و ویژگیهای زمین شناسی )، عوامل اقتصادی (منابع قرضه، حریم از راه، حریم از قنات و حریم از مناطق مسکونی) در محیط برنامه نویسی ارزیابی چند معیاره مکانی، نرم افزار ILWIS 3.31 طراحی شد. ابتدا لایههای مکانی به فرمت این نرم افزار در آورده شد. سپس لایههای مکانی ناهمگون با یکدیگر، تلفیق و همگون سازی شدند و همگی ارزشهای فازی صفر تا یک را گرفتند. به دلیل یکسان نبودن ارزش لایهها، لایهها وزن دهی شدند. در نهایت، تلفیق لایهها انجام شد و نقشه شاخص ترکیبی به دست آمد که در آن مکانهای مساعد جهت احداث سد خاکی منطقه مطالعاتی، الویت بندی گردید و بهترین مکان جهت انجام عملیات اجرائی در حوزه مشخص شد. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد مکان احداث، از نظر مهندسی و از نظر مردمی مورد تأیید کارشناسان و مردم بومی منطقه بود. و می توان ازعان نمود، دقت، صحت و سرعت و توانائی بالای این مدل می تواند برای حوزههای آبخیز دیگری نیز انجام گیرد. Manuscript profile -
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172 - تحلیل پایداری سد خاکی مارون توسط نرم افزار ANSYS و Geo Studio
علی دلوری نژاد هوشنگ حسونی زاده امیرعباس کمان بدست از نکات مهم طراحی، آنالیز نشست و تحلیل پایداری است که با کمک نرم افزارهای عددی پیشرفته متوازن قبل یا بعد از احداث به دست می آید. هدف مطالعه حاضر تحلیل سد خاکی توسط نرمافزار Ansys 12 در برابر عوامل تأثیرگذار بر پایداری آن صورت گرفته است. سدمورد مطالعه، سدخا More از نکات مهم طراحی، آنالیز نشست و تحلیل پایداری است که با کمک نرم افزارهای عددی پیشرفته متوازن قبل یا بعد از احداث به دست می آید. هدف مطالعه حاضر تحلیل سد خاکی توسط نرمافزار Ansys 12 در برابر عوامل تأثیرگذار بر پایداری آن صورت گرفته است. سدمورد مطالعه، سدخاکی مارون بود که این سد در 19 کیلومتری شمال بهبهان و بر رودخانه مارون احداث شده است. این سد از نوع خاکی – سنگریزهای می باشد. در این تحقیق سعی شده تا پایداری سد را توسط روش المان محدود با کمک نرمافزار Ansys (civil fem) انجام داده و سپس با نتایج نرمافزاری همچون Geo-studio مقایسه شود. سپس به بررسی پایداری شیبهای سد پرداخته شده و با روشهای مختلف رفتار سد شبیه سازی شده است و نتایج نسبتا یکسان درارتباط با فاکتور ایمنی و محل سطح ناپایدار به دست آمد و فاکتور ایمنی به روش بیشاپ در ansys برای بالا دست سد عدد 4.21 و در geo studio عدد 4,71 بدست آمد. در پایان با تحلیل تنش و کرنش و جابجایی مقادیر حداکثر و حداقل تنش محاسبه و مناطق دچار نشست و مناطقی که در اثر اختلاف نشست امکان ترک خوردگی در آنها وجود دارد مشخص می شود که در این قسمت هر دو نرم افزار نتایج نسبتا یکسانی ارائه دادند و میزان حداکثر جابجایی قائم در سد 5 تا 6 متر برآورد شده است. Manuscript profile -
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173 - بررسی عملکرد الگوریتم شاهین هریس در بهینهسازی مخزن سد
کبری رنجوری مهدی اژدری مقدم سید آرمان هاشمی منفرد سیما اوحدی در هر منطقه ­ای بر اثر کمبود نزولات جوی و با هر نوع آب و هوایی امکان رویداد پدیده خشکسالی وجود دارد. این پدیده به عواملی مانند دمای بالا، رطوبت نسبی پایین، ضریب پایین ذوب برف، باد و کمبود بارش بستگی دارد. بهره ­برداری بهینه مخازن با در More در هر منطقه ­ای بر اثر کمبود نزولات جوی و با هر نوع آب و هوایی امکان رویداد پدیده خشکسالی وجود دارد. این پدیده به عواملی مانند دمای بالا، رطوبت نسبی پایین، ضریب پایین ذوب برف، باد و کمبود بارش بستگی دارد. بهره ­برداری بهینه مخازن با در نظرگرفتن اهداف مهم چندگانه در کنار یکدیگر و بهصورت همزمان از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است و به همین جهت لازم است حجم مخزن در هر ماه مدیریت شود؛ زیرا کارایی مخزن در کنترل سیلاب به حجم مخزن و مشخصات ژئومتری آن و سرریز بستگی دارد. در این مطالعه با استفاده از نرمافزار MATLAB و یک الگوریتم بهینه شاهین هریس دادههای سد امیرکبیر کرج به جهت یافتن میزان بهینه برداشت از مخزن سد، نوشته شد و الگوریتم شاهین هریس مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. الگوریتم مبتنی بر جمعیت، فرآیند جست­­جو را در دو مرحله اکتشاف و بهره­ برداری انجام میدهد. در الگوریتم شاهین هریس پارامترهایی وجود دارد که تغییر در مقدار آنها بر عملکرد این الگوریتم تأثیر می ­گذارد. در این مطالعه مقدار کمینه تابع هدف در الگوریتم شاهین هریس بررسیشد. با افزایش تعداد تکرارها، مقدار تابع هدف بهبود پیدا می ­کند و بهترین مقدار تابع هدف، در تکرار 64000 با مقدار 8934/25 بود که بهترین عملکرد الگوریتم در این تکرار بهدستآمد. Manuscript profile -
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174 - ارزیابی رفتار سد خاکی کبودوال (قره سو – زرینگل) در طول ساخت به روش اجزای محدود با نرم افزار PLAXIS و مقایسه با مقادیر واقعی حاصل از داده های ابزار دقیق
حسین حکیمی سیدحسن گلمایی مجید شیداییاندر تحقیق حاضر براساس داده های ابزار دقیق سد خاکی کبودوال، فشار آب حفره ای، تنش های ایجاد شده و نیز نشست سد در دوران ساخت با مقادیر حاصل ازتحلیل عددی مقایسه شده است. به این منظور دوران ساخت سد با استفاده از مدل­های رفتاری موهر-کلمب، مدل نرم شونده، مدل سخت شونده Moreدر تحقیق حاضر براساس داده های ابزار دقیق سد خاکی کبودوال، فشار آب حفره ای، تنش های ایجاد شده و نیز نشست سد در دوران ساخت با مقادیر حاصل ازتحلیل عددی مقایسه شده است. به این منظور دوران ساخت سد با استفاده از مدل­های رفتاری موهر-کلمب، مدل نرم شونده، مدل سخت شونده تحلیل گشته و فشار آب حفره­ای، تنش های ایجاد شده در بدنه و نشست آن با داده های ابزار دقیق مقایسه شده است. با توجه به هم خوانی داده های ابزاردقیق و نتایج حاصل از تحلیل، می توان گفت مدل رفتاری انتخاب شده قادر به پیشبینی مناسب رفتار سد در این مرحله هستند. هر سه مدل هم خوانی خوبی را با داده های ابزار دقیق نشان می دهند، اما مدل سخت شونده هم خوانی بهتری را ارائه کرده است. اصولاً مدل سخت شونده به دلیل آنکه پارامترهای بیش­تری از خاک را در نظر می گیرد، رفتار این نوع مصالح را بهتر مدل می نماید. مقدار Ruکمتر از 40/0 است. عملا بیش­ترین مقدار این ضریب طی سال 90-91 اتفاق افتاده است که دلایل آن آبگیری مخزن و به ویژه به­علت بارگذاری بدنه سد (تکمیل خاکریزی بدنه سد) بوده است. در مجموع، این محدوده تغییرات در محدوده مجاز قرار دارد. Manuscript profile -
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175 - بررسی تأثیر توزیع مکانی بارندگی بر سیلاب در حوضه آبریز سد بختیاری با استفاده از نرم افزار HEC-HMS
علیرضا نیکبخت شهبازیتوزیع ناهمگون مکانی و زمانی بارندگی در سطح کشور و تنوع آب و هوایی هر از چند گاهی در برخی نقاط باعث طغیان آب رودخانهها و وقوع سیلاب های بزرگی میگردد که از بابت خسارت های جانی و مالی، قابل توجه می­باشد. طراحی عملیات کنترل سیلاب نیازمند اطلاع دقیق از شرایط حوضه آبخیز Moreتوزیع ناهمگون مکانی و زمانی بارندگی در سطح کشور و تنوع آب و هوایی هر از چند گاهی در برخی نقاط باعث طغیان آب رودخانهها و وقوع سیلاب های بزرگی میگردد که از بابت خسارت های جانی و مالی، قابل توجه می­باشد. طراحی عملیات کنترل سیلاب نیازمند اطلاع دقیق از شرایط حوضه آبخیز مولد سیلاب بویژه واحدهای کوچکتر در حوضه‎های وسیع است. تعیین پتانسیل تولید سیل جهت تعیین کمی سهم هر زیر حوضه در تولید سیلاب پایین دست می تواند مبنای تعیین شاخصی به نام شاخص سیل خیزی هر زیر حوضه قرار گیرد. در این پژوهش تأثیر توزیع‎ مکانی بارش های بحرانی بر پتانسیل سیل‎خیزی حوضه آبریز سد بختیاری با استفاده از مدل HEC-HMS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت، نتایج نشان داد که اثر توزیع مکانی بارندگی در شاخص سیل خیزی چشمگیر است، به ویژه هنگامی‎که با وقایع بزرگتر و با تعداد زیرحوضه‎هایی با مساحت بیشتر مواجه هستیم. از طرف دیگر تقدم مشارکت هر زیرحوضه در روندیابی بر دبی اوج خروجی از حوضه و نهایتاً روی شاخص سیل خیزی مؤثر خواهد بود. افزایش عمق بارندگی در زیرحوضه‎هایی که زمان تمرکز کمتری دارند تأثیر بیشتری بر روی شاخص سیل خیزی دارد. در زیر حوضه هایی که زمان تمرکز بیشتر و وسعت زیادتر است، توزیع ‎های مکانی مختلف تأثیر کمی بر شاخص سیل خیزی دارد. همچنین نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که اگر اثر توزیع مکانی را در نظر نگیریم، شاخص سیل خیزی با افزایش مساحت زیرحوضه کاهش می‎یابد. Manuscript profile -
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176 - شبیه سازی بهره برداری از مخزن سد سورک با استفاده از مدل Hec-ResSim
مرضیه اکبری رسول میر عباسی نجف آبادی محمد حسین باقریبا توجه به رشد فزاینده تقاضای آب و تنوع نحوه مصرف آب، شبیه­سازی پارامترهای بهرهبرداری مخازن آبی از کاربردی­ترین و ضروری­ترین اقدامات جهت دست­یابی به مدیریت بهینه سدها است. در این مطالعه، نحوه بهره­برداری از مخزن سد سورک با استفاده از مدل HEC-ResSim Moreبا توجه به رشد فزاینده تقاضای آب و تنوع نحوه مصرف آب، شبیه­سازی پارامترهای بهرهبرداری مخازن آبی از کاربردی­ترین و ضروری­ترین اقدامات جهت دست­یابی به مدیریت بهینه سدها است. در این مطالعه، نحوه بهره­برداری از مخزن سد سورک با استفاده از مدل HEC-ResSim شبیه­سازی گردید. شبیه­سازی با توجه به آبدهی ورودی سال­های آبی 81-1380 تا 91-1390، نیازهای آبی پایین­دست و ویژگی­های فیزیکی و بدنه مخزن انجام گردید. نتایج اولیه نشان داد که مخزن سد در اکثر مواقع قادر به تأمین نیازهای پایین­دست (کشاورزی و زیست­محیطی) نمی­باشد. در نتیجه جهت بررسی عملکرد سد در شرایط مختلف سه سناریو ارائه شد. در این سناریوها تأمین کامل نیاز زیست­محیطی و تأمین درصدی از نیاز کشاورزی با در نظر گرفتن شیوه صحیح آبیاری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاکی از تأمین نیازهای پایین­دست در برخی از مواقع بود. با تغییر الگوی کشت و افزایش راندمان آبیاری می­توان بهترین بهره­وری را از آب موجود در این منطقه داشت. Manuscript profile -
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177 - شبیهسازی یک بعدی آبشویی رسوب در مخازن سدها
روزبه آقامجیدیکنترل رسوبات در مخازن سدها، یکی از موضوعات مهم در مدیریت مخازن سدها بوده و موجب افزایش تأثیر در جهت افزایش عمر مفیدآنها میکردد. مخازن سدها به عنوان یک مانع، باعث تله اندازی رسوب، با راندمان بالا شده واز انتقال رسوب به رودخانه پایین دست، جلوگیری میکند. افزایش مق Moreکنترل رسوبات در مخازن سدها، یکی از موضوعات مهم در مدیریت مخازن سدها بوده و موجب افزایش تأثیر در جهت افزایش عمر مفیدآنها میکردد. مخازن سدها به عنوان یک مانع، باعث تله اندازی رسوب، با راندمان بالا شده واز انتقال رسوب به رودخانه پایین دست، جلوگیری میکند. افزایش مقدار رسوبات در مخزن، باعث کاهش عمر مفید سدها و نیز کاهش استفاده از آنها میگردد. برای تخلیه قسمتی از رسوبات مخزن، روشهای مختلفی مورد مطالعه قرار می گیرد. آبشویی رسوب درمخزن سد، به علت استفاده از انرژی جریان آب و نیز عدم نیاز به منبع انرژی اضافی، (مانند لایروبی) در مخازن مختلف سراسر دنیا مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است و از اولین کزینهها در مدیریت و بهره برداری از سدها و مخازن می باشد. دراین مقاله یک مدل ریاضی یک بعدی با جریان یکنواخت، در مورد آبشویی رسوب در مخزن سد، مورد مطالعه قرار کرفته است. این مدل با فرض داشتن پروفیل اولیه رسوب و نیز حل معادله پیوستگی رسوب و بر اساس روش تفاضلهای محدود تهیه شده است و توانایی محاسبه پروفیل رسوب با زمان را دارد. هم چنین مقدار حجم رسوبات شسته شده و نیز حجم آب مخزن با گامهای زمانی متفاوت در این مدل، محاسبه میگردد. این مدل برای دادههای آزمایشگاهی و دادههای واقعی مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت. نتایج حاصل در مقایسه با مقادیر واقعی، در حد رضایت بخشی بود. لازم به ذکر است که هم گرایی حاصل از تکرار در مدل پس از 40 بار تکرار با خطای کمتر 0.00001روی داد. مقایسه نتایج این مدل با نتایج مدل HEC-6، مزیت این مدل وضعف مدل HEC-6، را در پیشبینی پروفیل بستر فرسایش یافته در اثر ابشویی هیدرولیکی نشان میدهد. مدل HEC-6، معمولا جهت بررسی حرکت یک بعدی جریان رسوبات در مخازن و رودخانهها، استفاده می گردد. Manuscript profile -
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178 - کارایی مدل HEC-RAS و GISدر پهنه بندی سیلاب رودخانه دز (محدوده مطالعاتی : بازه سد تنظیمی تا روستاهای زاویه دزفول)
حامد پورصمصام الهام اکبری کاظم حمادیهدف از این مقاله به ‎کارگیری سامانه­ ی اطلاعات جغرافیایی درجهت شناسایی پهنه­ های سیل­ خیز و مخاطره­ آمیز رودخانه دز واقع در شهرستان دزفول از حدفاصل سد تنظیمی تا روستاهای زاویه و هدف اصلی، شناسایی سکونت ‎گاه ­ها و مناطق در معرض خطر وقوع سیلاب Moreهدف از این مقاله به ‎کارگیری سامانه­ ی اطلاعات جغرافیایی درجهت شناسایی پهنه­ های سیل­ خیز و مخاطره­ آمیز رودخانه دز واقع در شهرستان دزفول از حدفاصل سد تنظیمی تا روستاهای زاویه و هدف اصلی، شناسایی سکونت ‎گاه ­ها و مناطق در معرض خطر وقوع سیلاب می­ باشد. بدین ترتیب حریم بستر رودخانه دز و پهنه­ بندی سیل در دوره­ بازگشت 25 ساله با استفاده از نرم ‎افزارهای HEC-RAS،ARCGIS و برنامه جانبی HEC-GeoRAS تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که به ازای دوره بازگشت 25 ساله، 1430 کیلومترمربع از اراضی، زیرپوشش سیل قرار می گیرد که این مقدار خارج از حریم رودخانه است و با احتساب مساحت حریم رودخانه، 4318 کیلومترمربع در معرض سیلاب می ‎باشند. در برخی نقاط، اراضی مسکونی، زراعی، تفریحی و پارک­ ها در حریم رودخانه قرار دارند. باتوجه به وجود مناطق مسکونی و کاربری‎ های تفرج‎گاهی در حاشیه رودخانه لازم است در قسمت هایی که آسیب­ پذیری بیش‎تری پیش­ بینی می­ شود برای عملیات کنترل سیلاب و سیستم­ های هشداردهندۀ سیل اقدام گردد و به منظور رفع تصرف­ های غیرقانونی که در بستر و حریم رودخانه دز صورت گرفته است، اقدام لازم به عمل آید. با توجه به اینکه منطقه مورد مطالعه در قسمت متراکم شهری قرار گرفته است؛ با کنترل و مهار سیل در حوضه ‎های آبخیز بالادست با انجام عملیات آبخیزداری، مهندسی ‎سازی ساخت و سازهای شهری، عدم توسعه آن در داخل حریم مسیر آبراهه­ ها و شناسایی مناطق پرخطر و ارایه راهکارهای سازه ­ای و غیرسازه ­ای در حد امکان از خطر بروز سیل در این منطقه کاسته شود. Manuscript profile -
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179 - شبیهسازی منابع و مصارف سد مخزنی مهاباد با سیاست تامین حداکثری مصارف با استفاده از نرم افزار HEC-ResSim
میثم اسدی لور علیرضا پرویشی بهره­برداری از مخزن یکی از موضوعات کلیدی در بین مسائل گوناگون منابع آب می­باشد. در ارزیابی طرحهای برنامهریزی منابع آب معمولا به جنبه­های تامین آب برای نیازهای مصرفی و اثرات زیست­محیطی آن مورد توجه میباشد؛ و در این میان اثرات این طرح­ها بر ا More بهره­برداری از مخزن یکی از موضوعات کلیدی در بین مسائل گوناگون منابع آب می­باشد. در ارزیابی طرحهای برنامهریزی منابع آب معمولا به جنبه­های تامین آب برای نیازهای مصرفی و اثرات زیست­محیطی آن مورد توجه میباشد؛ و در این میان اثرات این طرح­ها بر انرژی تولیدی در نیروگاه­ها مورد توجه قرار نمی­گیرد. در این پژوهش سعی شده اثرات تغییر منحنی فرمان سد مهاباد در قالب دو سناریو عملکرد مخزن از زاویه تولید انرژی برقابی در سد (مهاباد) و تامین نیازهای حداکثری پایین دست مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. سناریوهای برنامهریزی شامل سناریو I (حفظ حجم مخزن سد مهاباد در شرایط خشکسالی و ترسالی در رقوم نرمال) و سناریوII (تامین حداکثری نیازهای کشاورزی و تولید برق آبی) می باشد که جهت شبیه سازی به صورت ماهانه وارد مدل Hec-ResSim شد. در این مدل بر اساس اطلاعات دریافتی از شرکت مدیریت منابع آب، مشخصات هندسی مخزن سد مهاباد و اطلااعات مصرفکنندههای پایین دست سد مهاباد و نیاز زیست محیطی رودخانه مهاباد ترسیم و به عنوان ورودی وارد مدل شبیه ساز شد. مدل برای یک دوره 29 ساله از سال 1370 تا 1399 اجرا و نتایج نشان از برتری سناریو II بر سناریو I داشت به طوریکه در شرایط اجرای سناریو II میزان تامین بخش کشاورزی از 7/30 درصد به 3/63 درصد افزایش یافته بود؛ همچنین با اجرای سناریو II میزان تولید انرژی برقآبی از 1/38 مگاوات در ساعت به 3/43 مگاوات در ساعت افزایش داشت. Manuscript profile -
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180 - رفتارنگاری سد بافت دوران ساخت و انتهای آبگیری با استفاده از ابزار دقیق و نرمافزار Plaxis
امید طیاری فاطمه سادات میر حسینینصب ابزار دقیق و رفتارنگاری آنها در دوران ساخت و بهرهبرداری اولیه، کمک شایانی به ارزیابی پارامترهای پایداری سد ها می کند. اهمیت ویژه ابزار دقیق در سدها به نقش آنها در کنترل پایداری کوتاه و دراز مدت سدها برمی گردد. بررسی رفتاری و نظارت های دراز مدت سدها، از Moreنصب ابزار دقیق و رفتارنگاری آنها در دوران ساخت و بهرهبرداری اولیه، کمک شایانی به ارزیابی پارامترهای پایداری سد ها می کند. اهمیت ویژه ابزار دقیق در سدها به نقش آنها در کنترل پایداری کوتاه و دراز مدت سدها برمی گردد. بررسی رفتاری و نظارت های دراز مدت سدها، از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردارند. به منظور رفتارنگاری سد بافت، نتایج اجرای مدل Plaxis در مراحل پایان ساخت و انتهای آبگیری برای مقادیر تنش و نشست مورد آنالیز و بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین نتایج حاصله با نتایج مدل Geostudio و ابزار دقیق نصب شده در سد مقایسه گردید. که نتایج نشان میدهد، بیشترین درصد خطا در محاسبه تنش قائم در نرمافزار Plaxis برابر با 3/25 و در نرمافزار Geostudio، 77/134 بوده و همچنین در محاسبه تنشها در حالت کلی بیشترین درصد خطای نرمافزار plaxis بسیار کمتر از بیشترین درصد خطا در نرمافزار Geostudio بوده است و مقدار خطا در برآورد نشست در پایان ساخت سد با نرمافزار plaxis در مقایسه با نتایج ابزار دقیق، برابر با 78/1 درصد و بعد از آبگیری سد این مقدار برابر با 575/4 درصد بوده است. بنابراین تطابق نسبتا خوبی از مقایسه نتایج تنشهای قائم بدست آمده با نتایج ابزار دقیق در پایان ساخت برقراراست. نتایج عددی نشست در نرمافزار Paxis نزدیک به ابزار دقیق بکار رفته در ساخت سد میباشد. Manuscript profile -
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181 - پیش بینی و آنالیز حساسیت تبخیر ماهانه از مخزن سد سیاه بیشه با استفاده از شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی در ترکیب با الگوریتم ژنتیک
آزاده محمدیان شوئیلی حسن فتحیان مهدی اسدی لورفرآیند تبخیر، یکی از مؤلفههای اصلی چرخه آب در طبیعت است که نقش اساسی در مطالعات کشاورزی، هیدرولوژی و هواشناسی، بهره برداری از مخازن، طراحی سیستمهای آبیاری و زهکشی، زمان بندی آبیاری و مدیریت منابع آب ایفا میکند. روشهای زیادی از جمله روشهای بیلان آب، تبخیر از تشت و ر Moreفرآیند تبخیر، یکی از مؤلفههای اصلی چرخه آب در طبیعت است که نقش اساسی در مطالعات کشاورزی، هیدرولوژی و هواشناسی، بهره برداری از مخازن، طراحی سیستمهای آبیاری و زهکشی، زمان بندی آبیاری و مدیریت منابع آب ایفا میکند. روشهای زیادی از جمله روشهای بیلان آب، تبخیر از تشت و روشهای تجربی برای تخمین تبخیر از سطح آزاد، ارائه شده است که هر کدام از این روشها، با محدودیت و خطای اندازه گیری توأم میباشد. امروزه تکنیک جدید استفاده از شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی که مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی میباشد کاربرد گسترده ای در زمینههای مختلف علمی به ویژه مهندسی آب پیدا کرده است. در این تحقیق با استفاده از مدل شبکه عصبی مصنوعی پرسپترون چند لایه(MLP)، شبکه تابع پایه شعاعی (RBF) و شبکه پیش رونده(FF)،میزان تبخیر ماهانه از مخزن سد سیاه بیشه تا 3 ماه آیندهپیش بینی شد. برای تعیین متغیرهای ورودی مؤثر در مدلهای شبکه عصبی مصنوعی و تعداد نرونها در لایه میانی هر یک از مدلها، از قابلیت بهینه سازی الگوریتم ژنتیک استفاده شد. نتایج نشان میدهد که ضریب همبستگی بین مقادیر اندازه گیری شده و محاسبه شده با مدلهای RBF ، MLPو FFدر برآورد و پیش بینی تبخیر ماهانه از مخزن سد سیاه بیشه به ترتیب برابر با 92/0، 90/0 و 88/0 میباشد. بنابراین مدل RBF از دقت بیشتری نسبت به دو مدل MLP وFFدر برآورد و پیش بینی میزان تبخیر ماهانه از مخزن سد، برخوردار میباشد. نتایج حاصل از آنالیز حساسیت نشان میدهد که تبخیر ماهانه از مخزن سد تا 3 ماه آینده به ترتیب نسبت به زمان وقوع تبخیر بر حسب ماه، فشار هوا در سطح زمین در 1 ، 3 و2 ماه قبل، سرعت باد در سطح 1000 میلی بار در 3 و 2 ماه قبل و دمای هوا در سطح 300 میلی بار در زمان حال بیشترین حساسیت را دارد. Manuscript profile -
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182 - بهینه سازی مخزن سد کرج با استفاده از الگوریتم مدرن کلونی مورچه ها
حمید رضا عزیزی سعید عزیزی سید حبیب موسوی جهرمیالگوریتم کلونی مورچه الهام گرفته شده از مطالعات و مشاهدات روی کلونی مورچه­ها است. از آن جا که روش­های بهینه­سازی کلونی مورچه­ها قادر به آن هستند که زمان محاسبات را به طور قابل توجهی کاهش داده و در عین حال نتایج را بهبود بخشند، در پژوهش حاضر برای تعیین می Moreالگوریتم کلونی مورچه الهام گرفته شده از مطالعات و مشاهدات روی کلونی مورچه­ها است. از آن جا که روش­های بهینه­سازی کلونی مورچه­ها قادر به آن هستند که زمان محاسبات را به طور قابل توجهی کاهش داده و در عین حال نتایج را بهبود بخشند، در پژوهش حاضر برای تعیین میزان بهره­برداری بهینه در حوزه­ی مسائل مهندسی آب، از مخزن سد کرج جهت مطالعه و پیاده­سازی این الگوریتم استفاده شد. این پژوهش با هدف بهینه­سازی مخازن آبی، با مطالعه موردی سد کرج توسط الگوریتم بهینه­سازی کلونی مورچه­ها صورت گرفت، ابتدا مشخصات سد از شرکت سهامی مدیریت منابع آب ایران تهیه و سپس داده­های حاصل از گزارشات دوره­ای هیدرولوژیکی و هواشناسی از سازمان هواشناسی و سازمان آب منطقه­ای استان البرز برای یک دوره 5 ساله از 1389 تا 1394 تهیه شد. پس از اصلاح و بازسازی داده ها، الگوریتمی به منظور بهینه­سازی مخزن سد کرج ارائه گردید. سپس توسط نرم افزار MATLAB این روند پیاده­سازی شد و مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که استفاده از الگوریتم مدرن بهینه­سازی کلونی مورچه­ها در حل مسائل بهینه­سازی سد نتایج خوبی از خود نشان می­دهد که با نتایج روش­های الگوریتم ژنتیک و برنامه­ریزی پویا نیز همخوانی و هماهنگی داشته و بعضاً از آنها بهتر ظاهر شده است. با این وجود به منظور حصول جواب­های بهینه می­بایست روند حل را در فازهای مختلف حل مسئله مورد آزمون قرار داد و با استفاده از بهترین شرایط در مقایسه با سایر رویکردهای بهینه­سازی مورچگان، سیستم حل مناسبی را انتخاب نمود تا جواب­های مناسبی به دست آید. Manuscript profile -
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183 - تحلیل های عددی رفتارنگاری سد های خاکی در طول ساخت به روش اجزای محدود با نرم افزار(SIGMA/W ) مطالعه موردی سد کبودوال استان گلستان
حسین حکیمی خانسر سید حسن گلمایی مجید شیدائیاندر این پژوهش در انجام تحلیل عددی از بسته نرمافزاری SIGMA/W که بر اساس روش المان محدود میباشد، استفاده شده است. به این منظور دوران ساخت سد کبودوال استان گلستان با استفاده از مدلهای رفتاری الاستیک پلاستیک والاستیک غیر – همگن، الاستیک غیر خطی، الاستیک خطی تحلیل گشته Moreدر این پژوهش در انجام تحلیل عددی از بسته نرمافزاری SIGMA/W که بر اساس روش المان محدود میباشد، استفاده شده است. به این منظور دوران ساخت سد کبودوال استان گلستان با استفاده از مدلهای رفتاری الاستیک پلاستیک والاستیک غیر – همگن، الاستیک غیر خطی، الاستیک خطی تحلیل گشته و فشار آب حفرهای، تنش های ایجاد شده دربدنه و نشست آن با دادههای ابزار دقیق مقایسه شده است. انتخاب مصالح به عنوان مصالح اصلی مدل رفتاری الاستیک پلاستیک - برای مصالح بدنه و پی و فیلتر و مدل رفتاری الاستیک خطی برای لایه تزریق، به طور مناسبی توانسته است رفتار سد را پیش بینی نماید. همچنین کارایی روش و نرمافزار به کار رفته جهت مدل نمودن رفتار سدهای خاکی در حین ساخت مناسب میباشد. تغییرشکلهای قائم بدنه سد از سمت جناحین به سمت مقاطع میانی افزایش یافته و بیشترین نشست در مقطع 25 - 25 وحدود 2200 میلیمتر ثبت شده است. با بررسی در مقاطع مختلف، بیشترین نشست درحد فاصل تراز 180 تا 185 متری روی داده است. یعنی تراز خاکریزی در این اعداد بحرانی بوده است. عمده نگرانیها در بخش میانی سد محدود میگردد. در مجموع تغییرشکلهای جناح راست بدنه سد در مقایسه با جناح چپ در راستای عرضی کمتر و در راستای طولی بیشتر بوده است. Manuscript profile -
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184 - مسیریابی خطوط لوله در سیستم های انتقال آب (از سد طالقان تا شهر جدید هشتگرد) با کاربرد و مقایسه روش های تحلیل سلسله مراتبی و شبکهای
سعید قره حسن لو مهدی عربی حمید قره حسن لوتعیین مسیر بهینه خط لوله که در آن ملاحظات فنی ومهندسی، اقتصادی و زیست محیطی اعمال شده باشد؛ نیاز به تکنیک­هایی داردکه پارامترهای موثر در تعیین مسیر را به­طور توام در نظر بگیرند. در این پژوهش از سد طالقان تا شهر جدید هشتگرد ابتدا پارامترهای موثر در تعیین مسیر وضع Moreتعیین مسیر بهینه خط لوله که در آن ملاحظات فنی ومهندسی، اقتصادی و زیست محیطی اعمال شده باشد؛ نیاز به تکنیک­هایی داردکه پارامترهای موثر در تعیین مسیر را به­طور توام در نظر بگیرند. در این پژوهش از سد طالقان تا شهر جدید هشتگرد ابتدا پارامترهای موثر در تعیین مسیر وضعیت توپوگرافی (شیب، ارتفاع)، پوشش­گیاهی، کاربری ­اراضی، تراکم جمعیت، طول خط لوله، رودخانه و جاده، نواحی و مکان­های مهم، سکونتگاه­ها، نواحی حساس زیست­محیطی و مراکز مذهبی- فرهنگی تعیین، و با کاربرد نقشه­های پایه و استخراج مکان هندسی نقاط مورد نظر از Google Earth، اقدام به عملیات میدانی پیمایش و برداشت اطلاعات زمینی شد. پس از آن اطلاعات لایه­های مربوط به پارامترهای مورد نظر در محیط GIS بارگذاری و پس از اعمال وزن­دهی­های خاص، عملیات تولید نقشه هزینه بر اساس فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی ارزش­گذاری، ترکیب و نهایتاً مسیر بهینه با استفاده از الگوریتم کمترین هزینه تعیین گردید. نهایتاً مسیرها شامل: مسیر آبفا و مسیر بهینه تعیین شده، با هم مقایسه شدند. مقایسه مسیر بهینه تعیین شده با استفاده از نرم­افزارهای ArcGIS و ادریسی نشان می­دهد دو مسیر بر هم منطبق هستند و مقایسه هزینه این مسیر با مسیر آبفا، 14 درصد کاهش هزینه را نشان می­دهد که عمده هزینه اضافی مسیر آبفا ناشی از تقاطع بیشتر با رودخانه و جاده، عبور از نواحی غیر مجاز، عبور از کاربری­های مختلف با هزینه بالاتر و نهایتاً افزایش طول خط لوله است. Manuscript profile -
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185 - بررسی تاثیر تغییرات پارامترهای شیب، دبی و غلظت، بر شدت اختلاط جریان غلیظ در مقاطع همگرا
ایوب مرادی مهدی قمشی بهنام سروری نژادسدسازی از هزاران سال قبل از میلاد، فنی شناخته شده بود و انسان همواره با کمک آن سعی در حفظ و بهره­برداری از منابع آبهای سطحی داشته است.ولی معضل رسوب گذاری همواره به عنوان مهم ترین عامل، در کوتاه کردن عمر مفید سدها مطرح بوده است و سدهای مخزنی زیادی بدلیل پرشدن از رسو Moreسدسازی از هزاران سال قبل از میلاد، فنی شناخته شده بود و انسان همواره با کمک آن سعی در حفظ و بهره­برداری از منابع آبهای سطحی داشته است.ولی معضل رسوب گذاری همواره به عنوان مهم ترین عامل، در کوتاه کردن عمر مفید سدها مطرح بوده است و سدهای مخزنی زیادی بدلیل پرشدن از رسوب، متروکه شده اند. یکی از مهمترین پدیده­ها در رسوبگذاری مخازن، جریانهای غلیظ می­باشند که باید نقش این جریانها در فرایند رسوبگذاری مخازن، شناسایی شده و با شناخت پارامترهای مختلف این جریان، نسبت به مدیریت رسوب مخازن، اقدامات موثر را انجام داد. لذا در این تحقیق، تاثیر تغییرات پارامترهای دبی، شیب و غلظت، روی شدت اختلاط جریان غلیظ و آب ساکن در مقاطع همگرا، در یک فلوم با شیب کف قابل تغییر، عرض 5/72 سانتی متر، عمق 60 سانتی متر و طول 6 متر در سه زاویه همگرایی 8 ،16 و 25 درجه در آزمایشگاه مدل­های هیدرولیکی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز پرداخته شده است. نتایج نشان می­دهند با افزایش پارامترهای دبی و شیب، شدت اختلاط جریان غلیظ، افزایش یافته و با افزایش غلظت، از مقدار آن کاسته می­شود و در نهایت برای شدت اختلاط در هر یک از زوایای همگرا، رابطه­ای ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile -
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186 - بررسی پایداری شیروانی در حالت استاتیکی و شبه استاتیکی در بدنه سد خاکی با استفاده از نرم افزارهای Gio Studio و Plaxis (مطالعهی موردی سد کبودوال)
حسین حکیمی خانسر سیدحسن گلمایی مجید شیداییانمسئله نشت و پایداری شیروانی ها از موضوعات مهم و ضروری در سدهای خاکی می باشند، لذا در این راستا نرم افزارهای متعددی برای پیش بینی و محاسبه دبی نشت تهیه شده که نسبت به مدل های آزمایشگاهی به زمان و هزینه کمتری برای آنالیز نشت قبل از احداث سد خاکی نیاز دارند. در این پژوهش ض Moreمسئله نشت و پایداری شیروانی ها از موضوعات مهم و ضروری در سدهای خاکی می باشند، لذا در این راستا نرم افزارهای متعددی برای پیش بینی و محاسبه دبی نشت تهیه شده که نسبت به مدل های آزمایشگاهی به زمان و هزینه کمتری برای آنالیز نشت قبل از احداث سد خاکی نیاز دارند. در این پژوهش ضرایب اطمینان برای پایداری شیروانی سد خاکی کبودوال در نرم افزار Plaxis دو بعدی در حین و پایان ساخت، پرشدن، افت سریع و آرام مخزن و مخزن نیمه پر بررسی شد. با استفاده از نرم افزار Plaxis پایداری شیروانی بالادست و پایین دست برای مراحل مختلف ساخت به دست آمد. نتایج بیان گر پایداری شیروانی سد در مراحل مختلف ساخت و مهمتر از همه در مرحله ی پایان ساخت است. به طور کلی نتایج آنالیزها، رفتار مناسب سازه سد را در برابر شرایط مختلف بارگذاری استاتیکی و شبه استاتیکی تائید می نماید. ضریب اطمینان با افزایش ارتفاع خاک‎ریزی کاهش می یابد که در آخرین مرحله ی خاک‎ریزی به عدد 498/1 می رسد. با مقایسه ی نتایج ضریب اطمینان پایداری شیروانی در مرحله ی پایان ساخت با معیار گروه مهندسی ارتش آمریکا تضمین می شود. بررسی پایداری شیروانی، ناپایداری شیروانی بالادست نزدیک مخزن را نشان می دهد، که ضرورت ایجاد بتن ریزی در این منطقه مشهود است. همچنین کارایی روش و نرم افزار های به کار رفته جهت مدل نمودن رفتار سدهای خاکی در حین ساخت مناسب می باشد. Manuscript profile -
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187 - بررسی روند آبشویی درخاکهای شور و سدیمی و ارائه مدل تجربی مناسب، جهت اصلاح خاک در اراضی جنوب خوزستان
منصور سرخه نژاد مهدی دهقاندر مناطقی نظیر جنوب خوزستان، که سطح ایستابی بالا میباشد، در اثر حرکت صعودی، آب از طریق لولههای موئینهای و تبخیر آن، املاح به سطح خاک منتقل و موجب شور و یا شور و سدیمیشدن خاک میگردند. آبشویی، یکی از روش­های اصلاح این گونه خاک­ها است. به منظور بررسی روند آبشو Moreدر مناطقی نظیر جنوب خوزستان، که سطح ایستابی بالا میباشد، در اثر حرکت صعودی، آب از طریق لولههای موئینهای و تبخیر آن، املاح به سطح خاک منتقل و موجب شور و یا شور و سدیمیشدن خاک میگردند. آبشویی، یکی از روش­های اصلاح این گونه خاک­ها است. به منظور بررسی روند آبشویی و رسم منحنیهای شوری و سدیم زدایی خاکهای شور و سدیمی منطقه دارخوین شادگان، تحقیقی در قالب طرح بلوکهای کاملا تصادفی، انجام گرفت که شامل چهار تیمار با کاربرد 40، 60، 80 و 100 سانتی متر آب، جهت آبشویی درسه تکرار بود. در این تحقیق، آبشویی به روش غرقابی­دائم و در کرت­های آزمایشی، به صورت کرت فلزی به ابعاد 1×1 متر انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد، آبشویی تا عمق یک متری نیم­رخ خاک، با 100 سانتیمتر آب باعث کاهش شوری(­­­EC­­e) و درصد سدیم تبادلی(ESP)به ترتیب به میزان 74 و50 درصد گردید. مقایسه نتایج شوری و سدیم زدایی آزمونهای مزرعه ای با مدلهای تجربی، نشان داد که مدل معکوس­جدید، نسبت به مدل­های تجربی دیگر، برازش بهتری با داده­های مزرعه­ای دارد و پس از آن به ترتیب مدل­های ریو،هافمن، پذیرا­ و کاواچی و لفلار و شارما قرار دارند. در نهایت با استفاده از معادله معکوس­جدید، اقدام به رسم منحنیهای شوری و سدیم­زدایی گردید. Manuscript profile -
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188 - برآورد فرسایش و رسوب حوضه بالادست سد وشمگیر
وحید یزدانی سپیده یکه باش امیر حسین آقاخانی افشاربه دلیل اهمیت آب و نقش حیاتی آن در زندگی انسان، مطالعات رودخانه­ای و به تبع آن مطالعه بر روی حوضه­های آبریز ضروری به نظر می­رسند. استان گلستان با مساحت 20437 کیلومترمربع بین عرض جغرافیایی ΄24 ˚36 تا ΄0 ˚38 شمالی و ΄51 ˚53 تا ΄14 ˚56 شرقی واقع شده است. گرگان Moreبه دلیل اهمیت آب و نقش حیاتی آن در زندگی انسان، مطالعات رودخانه­ای و به تبع آن مطالعه بر روی حوضه­های آبریز ضروری به نظر می­رسند. استان گلستان با مساحت 20437 کیلومترمربع بین عرض جغرافیایی ΄24 ˚36 تا ΄0 ˚38 شمالی و ΄51 ˚53 تا ΄14 ˚56 شرقی واقع شده است. گرگانرود یکی از مهمترین رودخانه­های استان گلستان به شمار میرود و در تمامی دشت گرگان جریان داشته و آن را به دو قسمت تقسیم میکند. سطح حوضه آبگیر آن به مساحت 10250 کیلومترمربع میباشد. گام اصلی و مهم در مطالعات فرسایش و رسوب به روش تجربی، تعیین و شناسایی اشکال، و سیمای فرسایش است. در این مرحله نقشههای مختلف شامل شبکه آبراهه، شیب، زمینشناسی، ژئومورفولوژی، خاکشناسی و کاربری اراضی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت؛ و نقشه واحد کاری منطقه مشخص و با تفسیر عکس­های هوایی و بازدید­های میدانی نقشه تدقیق گردید. جهت برآورد میزان فرسایش و رسوب در زیرحوضه­ها از مدل MPSIAC استفاده شد. طبق بررسی­های میدانی صورت گرفته و نتایج بدست آمده انواع فرسایش­ها، در سطح مورد مطالعه به وقوع پیوسته است. طبق بررسی­های صورت گرفته بیشترین فرسایش در زیر حوضه با کد 1625220 (بار بستر 62/3 و با معلق 47/14) و کمترین فرسایش در زیر حوضه با کد 1624210 (بار بستر 32/0 و بار معلق 3/1) بود. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده نسبت تحویل رسوب در زیر حوضه­های مورد بررسی بین حداکثر 6/23 الی 6/39 درصد می‎باشد. در همین راستا میزان رسوب ویژه بین 6/1 الی 1/18 و فرسایش ویژه بین 9/4 الی 3/58 تن در هکتار در سال متغیر بود. Manuscript profile -
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189 - بررسی شدت و فراوانی خشکسالی کشاورزی تحت تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی در حوضه آبریز سد کارون 3
نیما غلامپور علیرضا نیکبخت شهبازی حسین فتحیانهدف از این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر تغییر اقلیم بر خشکسالی کشاورزی حوضه آبریز کارون 3 در دوره های آتی است. برای این کار از داده های اقلیمی مدلهای گردش عمومی جو تحت سناریوی انتشار A2 در حوضه کارون 3 استفاده شد. با استفاده از شاخص خشکسالی RDI خشکسالی های کشاورزی حوضه تحت ت Moreهدف از این تحقیق بررسی تاثیر تغییر اقلیم بر خشکسالی کشاورزی حوضه آبریز کارون 3 در دوره های آتی است. برای این کار از داده های اقلیمی مدلهای گردش عمومی جو تحت سناریوی انتشار A2 در حوضه کارون 3 استفاده شد. با استفاده از شاخص خشکسالی RDI خشکسالی های کشاورزی حوضه تحت تاثیر تغییر اقلیم در دوره آتی (2065-2011) شبیه سازی گردید. در ابتدا با استفاده از بارش روزانه سال های آماری (2015-1991) نمایه خشکسالی (RDI) در در حوضه سد کارون3 بازه سالانه محاسبه شد. جهت بررسی امکان تولید و شبیه سازی داده های هواشناسی در دوره های آتی با استفاده از مدل LRAS-WG5 برای سال پایه (2015-1991) کالیبراسیون و صحت سنجی مدل انجام گرفت. با استفاده از مدل های گردش عمومی جو و سناریو های تغییر اقلیم IPCC شبیه سازی و تولید داده های هواشناسی در دوره های آتی صورت گرفت و وضعیت خشکسالی با توجه به مقادیر شاخص خشکسالی RDI مشخصات خشکسالی نظیر فراوانی و شدت خشکسالی در بازه های سالانه مورد مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. بر اساس شاخص خشکسالی RDIفراوانی خشکسالی ها در بازه سالانه دوره های 2030-2011 و 2065-2046 نسبت به دوره مشاهداتی به ترتیب 3/12و2/9درصد افزایش نشان می دهد شدت خشکسالی ها نیز در بازه سالانه دوره های 2030-2011 و 2065-2046 نسبت به دوره مشاهداتی به ترتیب 8/0- و 6/1- درصد کاهش نشان میدهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - ارزیابی استفاده از اصلاح کننده گچ، در اصلاح خاکهای شور و قلیا در اراضی جنوب خوزستان
محمد والی پور حسین سخایی راداصلاح خاکها، یکی از روشهای توسعه اراضی کشاورزی محسوب میگردد. وجود یون سدیم در کنار شوری، تشکیل یک خاک شور– سدیمی را داده و موجب بروز مشکلات فراوانی در روند رویشی گیاهان میگردد. لذا اتخاذ راهکارهای لازم جهت اصلاح این خاکها، با توسل به روشهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی، Moreاصلاح خاکها، یکی از روشهای توسعه اراضی کشاورزی محسوب میگردد. وجود یون سدیم در کنار شوری، تشکیل یک خاک شور– سدیمی را داده و موجب بروز مشکلات فراوانی در روند رویشی گیاهان میگردد. لذا اتخاذ راهکارهای لازم جهت اصلاح این خاکها، با توسل به روشهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی، همچون کاربرد کلسیم در آبشویی، اجتناب ناپذیر به نظر میرسد.در این تحقیق، جهت بررسی وضعیت خاکهای منطقه، با حفر پروفیل، از اعماق20 -0 ، 40- 20 ، 60 - 40 ، 80- 60 و 100 –80سانتیمتری خاک،اقدام به تهیه نمونه گردید. و پس از تجزیه آن در آزمایشگاه و محاسبه مقادیرECe,SAR ،ESP‎‏،CEC وغیره، به مطالعه خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی آن پرداخته شد. این پژوهش، به صورت طرح بلوکهای کاملاً تصادفی، با 2 تیمار (شاهد، ماده اصلاح کننده گچ) و 3 تکرار، در کرتهای فلزی1*1 متری اجرا گردید. مقدار آب مورد نیاز جهت آبشویی، به میزان 100 سانتیمتر و در 5 مرحله (هر مرحله به عمق 20 سانتیمتر) تعیین گردید. پس از پایان هر مرحله، نمونهبرداریها در 4 عمق تعیین شده از خاک، انجام و آزمایشات صورت گرفت. بررسی نتایج و تجزیه و تحلیل آماری آنها، بیانگر آن است که تاثیر کاربرد گچ، بر روند آبشویی، در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد، تفاوت معناداری نشان نمیدهد. این موضوع را میتوان به انحلال گچ موجود در خاک در اثر نفوذ آب به درون خاک، مربوط دانست. پیشنهاد میگردد برای خنثی کردن تاثیر سدیم بالای اراضی در راندهای اولیه آبشویی، از آب شور (زهاب کشاورزی موجود) بدون استفاده از گچ استفاده گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - مطالعه شکست سد خاکی با استفاده از مدل GeoStudio (مطالعه مورد: سد خاکی صفارود، کرمان)
حسن زمانپور مهدی فولادی پناهفرسایش داخلی یکی از عوامل اصلی شکست سدهای خاکی است که به سبب شسته شدن ذرات ریز خاک به وجود می آید و باعث ایجاد تراوش متمرکز در درون بدنه سد می‏شود که دلیل این امر کاهش تنش موثر قائم در هسته سدهای خاکی و وقوع پدیده قوس زدگی می باشد. این پدیده باعث نشست بیشتر هسته نسب Moreفرسایش داخلی یکی از عوامل اصلی شکست سدهای خاکی است که به سبب شسته شدن ذرات ریز خاک به وجود می آید و باعث ایجاد تراوش متمرکز در درون بدنه سد می‏شود که دلیل این امر کاهش تنش موثر قائم در هسته سدهای خاکی و وقوع پدیده قوس زدگی می باشد. این پدیده باعث نشست بیشتر هسته نسبت به پوسته می گردد که در نهایت ترک خوردگی سد را در پی دارد. در این تحقیق، با استفاده از نرمافزار Geo-Studio که مبتنی بر روش حل المان محدود است شبیه سازی عددی سد خاکی صفارود تحت دو سناریو (الف) بلافاصله پس از ساخت؛ (ب) پس از اولین آبگیری صورت گرفته است. پس از انجام فرآیندهای واسنجی و صحت-سنجی در دو ماژول SIGMA/W و SEEP/W ، مدل رفتاری الاستیک غیرخطی برای پوسته سد و مدل رفتاری موهر-کلمب الاستیک-پلاستیک برای سد با ضریب همبستگی بین مقادیر اندازهگیری شده و محاسبه شده طی فرایندهای واسنجی و صحت-سنجی به ترتیب 94/0 و 924/0 تایید شدند. در این تحقیق، توزیع تنش قائم در بدنه سد، تغییر مکان های افقی و قائم و محاسبه میزان تنش کل در بدنه سد محاسبه شدند. پس از اولین آبگیری به ازای نسبت y/h کمتر از 1/0، احتمال شکست هیدرولیکی در این سد وجود دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Designing a Multi-Objective Mathematical Model to Locate Four-Echelon Supply Chain Using Meta-Heuristic Algorithms
hamid Reza Mohammadi Reza Ehtesham Rasi Ali MohtashamiThe purpose of this paper is to design a multi-objective mathematical model in order to optimize the four-echelon supply chain of perishable goods using a hybrid algorithm with regard to procurement time, cost and customer satisfaction. Perishable four-echelon food supp MoreThe purpose of this paper is to design a multi-objective mathematical model in order to optimize the four-echelon supply chain of perishable goods using a hybrid algorithm with regard to procurement time, cost and customer satisfaction. Perishable four-echelon food supply chains are considered as different supply chains due to continuous and significant changes in the quality of food products throughout the chain until the end of consumption. In this research, a mathematical model for the location-routing facility in a four-echelon supply chain for perishable products with a simultaneous optimization approach of total supply chain costs, order delivery time, emissions and customer satisfaction is presented. To assess the validity of the research, the mathematical model in Behshahr food industry has been studied and the research problem is presented in the form of a multi-objective nonlinear programming model of mixed integer and to solve it, a hybrid of two refrigeration and red deer algorithms has been used. The results of the proposed algorithm are solved in a case study and the results of the algorithm performance are reviewed based on standard indicators and finally the computational results indicate the efficiency of the algorithm for a wide range of problems of different sizes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Evaluation and failure diagnostics of distribution network in a dairy supply chain (Case study: milk distribution company)
Mohammad Amin Khoei Amin JamiliIn today's competitive market, many experts believe that competition has shifted from the level of companies to the competition between their supply chains. Supply chain efficiency depends on several factors. The success of a distribution chain often depends on how the MoreIn today's competitive market, many experts believe that competition has shifted from the level of companies to the competition between their supply chains. Supply chain efficiency depends on several factors. The success of a distribution chain often depends on how the members of the chain perform their tasks in order to achieve common goals. Distributors, as one of the main members and connection between the manufacturer and customers, play a key role in the supply chain management. Besides, they are particular in collecting marketing information, reducing demand uncertainty, and improving customer satisfaction. In the dairy industry, for various reason such as the existence of various sensitivities, including rapid and high corruption rates, the role of supplier is more critical. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate and diagnose the milk distribution network of the dairy industry. In this regard, first using the SCOR model approach at three levels, the milk distribution network is evaluated. Then, the evaluation indicators of the distribution network and the complications of the study distribution network were identified. The most important complication identified in the milk distribution network was the distribution of milk close to their expiration date. In the next step, the causes of milk distribution network complications were identified and categorized, the most important of which, according to the AHP method, is the lack of a proper distribution network monitoring system and human errors in information transmission. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - The Tradition of Quran politico-social Research in Contemporary Iran(Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi and Asadollah Kharaghani)
Sayyed Mohsen Ale Sayyed ghafur Mona HamidinasabThe purpose of this study is to study the flow of socio-political intellectual interactive structures and to identify the alternative components of the discursive order of religion and politics in the development of Iran's thought system. The historical writing of the t MoreThe purpose of this study is to study the flow of socio-political intellectual interactive structures and to identify the alternative components of the discursive order of religion and politics in the development of Iran's thought system. The historical writing of the tradition of "new-thinking Islam" is the main focus of this research. The main question of this article is about the Islamic neo-thinker's approach in the interactive relationship between original sources and the fight against the intellectual degeneration of Muslims in the political society. And what changes did this tradition see in the first Pahlavi period and what kind of connection (contradiction, friction and dialogues) did it experience with other traditions such as Faqahati Islamic tradition? The research method in this article is descriptive and analytical. Designing and answering these questions requires knowing and re-understanding the history of Iran and the history of the political thought of modern Iran. The tradition of Navandish Islam is the result of efforts and struggles of three ancient traditions, Islamic and Western. In this tradition, Iranian-Islamic concepts and teachings, which rest in an aura of heavenly and otherworldly sanctity, are mixed with the western tradition, which has an earthly perception of them, and a reinterpretation of Islam is presented. This tradition, on the one hand, deprived the political sphere of heavenly sanctity and considered the public sphere to belong to the people, and on the other hand, it did not consider science to be in conflict with religion, but considered the goal of both to be the same. Therefore, this article examines the tradition of political research on the Qur'an by studying the views of two scholars, Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi and Asadullah Kharaghani Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Jurisprudence investigation of the prohibition of disrupting economic and financial order and security in the light of Sharia law and Quranic verses
Seyed Morteza Hosseini Nasab, Mahmoud Ghayoumzadeh Samira GolkhandanEconomic corruption causes the spread of poverty and widening the gap between the rich and the poor, mistrust of the society and lack of motivation of the youth to earn a decent income. Therefore, it can be said that the worst and biggest corruption is economic and fina MoreEconomic corruption causes the spread of poverty and widening the gap between the rich and the poor, mistrust of the society and lack of motivation of the youth to earn a decent income. Therefore, it can be said that the worst and biggest corruption is economic and financial corruption, financial and economic corruption is like a contagious disease, it destroys all achievements and efforts of society and governments and sends all money and wealth into the hands of dealers. Therefore, maintaining economic security and order and liquidity management and shortening the hands of brokers from the financial resources of society is one of the important principles in Islam. It can be "Mozaq Shariat" as knowledge of halal ways and methods. The jurists considered the soul, essence and inner world in different ways. In fact, the jurist understands and tastes the method, insight and application of the law in his soul. In the field of prohibiting and preventing economic corruptors, extensive discussions have been presented in many jurisprudential and legal sources, which can clearly and demonstrably be found in the verses and traditions of the sanctity of disruption in the economic system. In this research, which has been carried out using a descriptive-analytical method, we have examined the jurisprudential views of the prohibition of disruption in the economic system based on verses and traditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Surface Water Quality Assessment Using Linear Modeling Approach to Long-Term Environmental Changes (Case Study of Amirkabir-Karaj Dam Basin)
Sara Ranjbari Jamal Ghodusi Reza Arjmandi Amirhessam HassaniThe special importance of the Karaj River and Dam in the establishment of sustainable security of water supply in Tehran and maintaining the ecological stability of the aquatic environment and human activities related to water play a prominent and vital role. The aim of MoreThe special importance of the Karaj River and Dam in the establishment of sustainable security of water supply in Tehran and maintaining the ecological stability of the aquatic environment and human activities related to water play a prominent and vital role. The aim of this study was to identify sources of pollutants. Quality of surface water resources for 8 water quality parameters (sulfate, chlorine, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, total solute, electrical conductivity and sodium uptake ratio) in 10 Karaj-Amir dam dams It was great. In this study, the effect of changes in hydrological parameters on pollutant sources as well as the spatial origin of these pollutants and the appropriateness of watershed management measures during the 40-year period from 1347 to 1398 were investigated using Convik correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that the application of factor analysis in evaluating surface water quality parameters is one of the important cases for source and elimination of information noise. Focal variables 1 and 2 with correlation coefficients of 0.98 and 0.81 have potential ability especially for changes in environmental variables such as rainfall (H) and The volume of annual sediments (W) has a direct effect on the three elements of water quality, namely calcium, total salts and total hydrogen ratio, respectively, and they establish a direct relationship. The results showed that the share of incoming pollution load from the tributaries of the Karaj River due to the uses located in them in the pollution of the dam reservoir is more than the main tributary of the river and its uses. In particular, the sub-basins of Velayatrud, Shahrestanak and Sira have a total of more than one third of the share of pollution entering the reservoir. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Investigation of geomechanical parameters of material and rock mass, asmari Formation (Case study: Khersan dam-3 site)
mojtaba Nouri sartangi Gholamreza Lashkaripour Nasser Hafezi Moqadas Mohammad Ghafouri Hossein SadeghiEstimation of resistance parameters of rock mass is one of the most important engineering problems of rock.The study of geomechanical parameters and, finally, the classification of rock masses in the feasibility phase and the initial design of a project, which has very MoreEstimation of resistance parameters of rock mass is one of the most important engineering problems of rock.The study of geomechanical parameters and, finally, the classification of rock masses in the feasibility phase and the initial design of a project, which has very little comprehensive information on the geotechnical properties of rock masses, the amount of stress and the available hydrological characteristics, The main purpose of using a classification system is to classify the parameters and, using their results, provide the nature of the rock mass and its engineering behavior in different conditions. Since rock mass specifications are in the design of drilling, design of retainers, tilt design and other requirements. On this basis, it was considered necessary to obtain the resistance parameters of Khersan 3 Dam site so that, by analyzing these data, the stability of the tunnel, the geomechanical classification of rock mass using the RMR, QI, GSI method can be calculated and the relationship between rock mass resistivity parameters Compare the modulus of elasticity and deformation from different relationships and compare each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Siesmotectonic studies and siesmic hazard evaluation of Khersan 1-5 dam site
Mohsen Poorkermani Ahmad Adib Nasser Ahmadi Comijany Azam Labbaf KhanikiThe region of Khersan 1-5 dam is in Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari province. It is located 45 km west of Lordegan city.The reported earthquakes in this region are low depth type and have a focal depth less than 15 km. They alsohave no surface failure. The seismic hazard analysis MoreThe region of Khersan 1-5 dam is in Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari province. It is located 45 km west of Lordegan city.The reported earthquakes in this region are low depth type and have a focal depth less than 15 km. They alsohave no surface failure. The seismic hazard analysis illustrates the nature of seismicity of the site and isevaluated according to dispersion , fault type, morphology of faults, and past earthquakes data. Here, usingtectonic maps of the site, arial and satellites photos , and the seismic data of the site, it have been tried that theseismicity of the site to be determined. Bazoft and Massan faults with 45 and 36 km length, are the nearest faultsto the site. When they become active, they can provide an earth quake as big as M=7.0 and 6.9 richters,respectively. Bazoft and Massan faults have the ability to provide the MCLs as big as 0.269g, 0.222g,respectively.According to probabilistic seismic hazard analysis in the site, for return periods of 150, 475 and 2000 years, andaccording to Bender & Perkins (1987) method, and using (Seisrisk III) software, accelerations equal to 0.261g,0.291g, and 0.310g, for the center of zone, are calculated respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Recognition of fault causes in 9th March 2008 earthquake AryaShahr area by aftershocks analysis
حسام Yazdan panah M.M KHatib S.S Ahmadi zadehIn 9 March 2008 an earthquake with ML=5.1 ouccered in the west of Aryan-Shahr city, southeast ofIran. Many villages destroyed by this earthquake. Primarily, the Sedeh fault with N76 trend wasnominated as source of this earthquake. But the distribution of aftershock disp MoreIn 9 March 2008 an earthquake with ML=5.1 ouccered in the west of Aryan-Shahr city, southeast ofIran. Many villages destroyed by this earthquake. Primarily, the Sedeh fault with N76 trend wasnominated as source of this earthquake. But the distribution of aftershock dispersals has been occurredin an ellipsoid district which is not superimposed on Sedeh Fault. The long axis of distributionellipsoid of aftershocks (N120) is nearly perpendicular to the Sedeh Fault trend. The seismic network,installed by Institute of Geophysics (university of Tehran), recorded more than 100 aftershocks during3 monthes. All data of 3 stations were processed, common aftershocks were separate, their parameterswere determine and were drawn on fault map.Therefore distribution of aftershocks location and main shock geometry of causing fault is known.Based on investigation of aftershock epicenter dispersal and the interpretation of aeromagnetic datareveal the presence a blind fault (Ghesar fault) parallel to long axis of distribution ellipsoid ofaftershocks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Stability Comparison of the Left and right Bank Mass move of LowerSiahbisheh Dam Reservoir
ناصر Ebadati مرجان Madanipour S.H Mirzeinali yazdiIn this paper try to evaluate the factors effective in instability of the lower Siahbisheh dam wall in the dam leftand rghit bank in terms of the slope sliding potential and the solutions to stabilization of the dam wallconsidering the technical and economic considerati MoreIn this paper try to evaluate the factors effective in instability of the lower Siahbisheh dam wall in the dam leftand rghit bank in terms of the slope sliding potential and the solutions to stabilization of the dam wallconsidering the technical and economic considerations as well as the present limitations. With this aim in view,in the first step the field inspections were made and the important terrain features and tectonic elements wereidentified, and after collecting the existing set of subsurface information, in order to determining the depthexpansion of the sliding mass, the displacement of sliding mass was identified using data resulting from theexploratory soil borings (sondage) having been excavated during the dam project studies' procedures. Next, thegeomechanical parameters of the sliding mass were estimated with suitable accuracy for performing the stabilityanalysis and the final instability analyses of the study area were carried out along profiles. Ultimately, thestability analysis results in different conditions: reservoir rapid water drawdown loading, gravity load, theearthquake conditions and the presence of water pressure were evaluated. The results showed that in all sectionsduring loading of rapid drawdown of the reservoir water, the safety factors of the slope will be less than 1 whichis indicative of inevitable failure of the slope. Methods of soil excavation and embankment upstream anddownstream of the sliding mass and the sliding mass and consolidate choice was offered. Excavation andembankment operations performed in this way, at least according to the calculated maximum volume soil worksis left bank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Estimation of horizontal to vertical stress ratio (k) by using numerical modeling, case study: The left flank abutment of Seymareh dam- Ilam province
Mohammad Mehdi Alimohammad Saeed Aloodari Kaveh AhangariMany rock slope stability problems involve complexities relating to geometry, material anisotropy, non-linear behavior, in situ stresses and the presence of several coupled processes (e.g. pore pressures, seismic loading, etc.). This study is about the survey of stabili MoreMany rock slope stability problems involve complexities relating to geometry, material anisotropy, non-linear behavior, in situ stresses and the presence of several coupled processes (e.g. pore pressures, seismic loading, etc.). This study is about the survey of stability situation and estimation of horizontal to vertical stress ratio of failure zone existing in the left flank abutment of Seymareh Dam. Because of high costs of stress straight measurement, in this area has been used by empirical function for estimating (k). by concerning normal function of located faults and obtained results of empirical relations, was chosen suitable range of (k) values by means of stability analysis of mentioned slope. Value of (k) has been used 0.33 By evaluating of obtained results of slope stability analysis and by concerning important parameters for choosing (k) and their precedence importance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Investigating Land Use Changes In Tajyar Dam Basin Using The Erdas Software
Mir Mehrdad Mirsanjari nafiseh rezapoorRevealing changes is one of the basic needs in managing and evaluating natural resources. Therefore, the map of user changes that is the result of the process of detecting changes can be made based on multivariate images of remote sensing. The purpose of this research i MoreRevealing changes is one of the basic needs in managing and evaluating natural resources. Therefore, the map of user changes that is the result of the process of detecting changes can be made based on multivariate images of remote sensing. The purpose of this research is to classify the images of the Tajyar Dam in three years to find out the extent of change in land cover and land covered with vegetation. Remote sensing techniques are the best means for extracting land use maps. In this study land use changes in the Tajyar dam basin have been studied using the supervised classifications in Erdas software. The Tajyar Dam Basin with an area of 10898 ha is located in East Azarbaijan province and Sarab city. In the study area, two landslide satellite images from1996 and 2006 and 2015 were categorized. The results indicate that 2007 hectares of lands covered with vegetation have been reduced and added to dry lands. This change has been caused due to severe agricultural activities, plowing and unplanned grooves. The effect of cold air currents in the northwest of the country has caused the region to have a semi-arid climate of cold. Due to the aforementioned limitation and the state of consumption of agricultural products and the lack of attention to the ability of agricultural land, farming in areas that have no potential for doing this activity has reduced the quality of vegetation. The supervised classification in this method was carried out with an overall accuracy of 87%, which is acceptable at the level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Representing a modern method to tunnel stability analysis with introducing a new scheme for Ground Reaction Curve (GRC); case study: Garin dam water Diversion tunnel
S.M Hoseini کاوه Ahangari کامران GoshtasbiThe most important problem in tunneling project about design and performance is selectionsuitable pattern for drilling and support system, in order to stability of rock mass and reductionplasticity zone. Meanwhile determine the amount of tunnel wall deformation prior to MoreThe most important problem in tunneling project about design and performance is selectionsuitable pattern for drilling and support system, in order to stability of rock mass and reductionplasticity zone. Meanwhile determine the amount of tunnel wall deformation prior to supportinstallation is of great importance. When a tunnel is excavated, there is a certain amount ofdeformation, usually 35-45 percent of the fnal tunnel wall deformation, before the support canbe installed. Determining this deformation can be done using either a) observed feld values, orb) numerically from 3D fnite-element models or symmetrical fnite-element models, or c) byuse of empirical relationships such as those proposed by Panet or Vlachopoulos-Diederichs. Inthis paper, convergence-confnement method is applied to tracing ground characteristic curveusing numerical software models and then stress relaxation is exerted to modal that equivalentwith occurred critical convergence until prior to support installation. In this study, a new chartis introduced which unlike conventional charts, the modulus reduction flow has been used inthat vertical axis. Finally the safety factor of support system has been calculated by three different methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Uncertainty analysis of HEC-HMS parameters using the GLUE methodology in Dez Dam watershed
mehdi komasi behrang beiranvandThis study represents the application of a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) technique for automatic calibration of the well-known Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) model. For this purpose, the GLUE method was used in MoreThis study represents the application of a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) technique for automatic calibration of the well-known Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) model. For this purpose, the GLUE method was used in calibration of the HEC-HMS model built for Dez Dam basin located in south-west of Iran. From the three selected events, first event was used for calibration and all events were used for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis using GLUE approach. Model calibration showed that the developed model is a suitable model for simulation of flood with R2 and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.9 and 0.887, respectively. Sensitivity analysis of the model based on the four parameters of the Green Ampt method indicated that model does not show the same sensitivity on the same parameter in different events. For instance, saturated hydraulic conductivity has the greatest influence on the model of event 1 and model of event 3 is more sensitive to saturation suction at the wetting front and porosity. Uncertainty analysis using posterior distribution describes the uncertainty of estimation after taking into account information provided by the various flood events. Overall, the GLUE analysis showed that there is a significant uncertainty associated with hydrological modelling that is due to multiple sources of errors. Also, this method can be used for calibration of hydrological models like HEC-HMS Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Environmental impact assessment Safaroud Rabor dam on downstream areas
mansoureh zangi darestani Ahmad AbasnezhadDam are one of the most important structures that regulate surface currents, especially in areas that have a place and inappropriate distribution of precipitation. The benefits of dams can be urban and agricultural water supply, electric energy production and prevent fl MoreDam are one of the most important structures that regulate surface currents, especially in areas that have a place and inappropriate distribution of precipitation. The benefits of dams can be urban and agricultural water supply, electric energy production and prevent flooding. Construction of dams causes major changes the river around and catchment basin. The most important of these changes is the change in the river flow downstream. Because Dubai of the natural state become regulatory state. One the positive effects flood control, but in areas that are agricultural, reduce Water River and negative effects is on the section. Construction Safa dam cause negative impacts on downstream areas, the city of Jiroft and wetlands is Jazmurian. Assess the environmental impact of the dam Safaroud the city of Jiroft of the way Check list of was used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Choosing the post-mining for open pit mine using multi attributes decision making techniques
A.R GHolinejad جعفر Sarghini Mahdi Amir-AfshariHuman needs always guide him to get use of natural resources. This usage causes damages to theenvironment and lands which are used by human. Human greatest need to natural resources is satisfiedthrough mining and making open – pit and underground mining. Due it is MoreHuman needs always guide him to get use of natural resources. This usage causes damages to theenvironment and lands which are used by human. Human greatest need to natural resources is satisfiedthrough mining and making open – pit and underground mining. Due it is located near the surface andas it needs a great area to be demolished, open pit mining is very important from the view point ofenvironment. Regarding human necessity, demolished lands should be reclaimed in order to be usedfor post mining applications. Choosing a proper option for reclamation of mined-lands is veryimportant. First, the option should have economic income and second, it is comply with cultural andsocial criteria. Techniques of multi attributes decision making are used for choosing a proper option.This research is done on the basis of TOPSIS method which is one of the techniques of multi attributesdecision making, and through this method a proper option was chosen for post-mining application of atailing pond in an open pit mine. So, lumber production was chosen as a proper option for post-miningapplication of a tailing pond in an open pit mine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - The geotechnical characteristics of aggregates used in Karkheh Dam
Rassol Ajalloeian Leila FatehiKarkheh earth Dam is located in 25 Km of south of Andimeshk. Because of huge volumeof used aggregate in spillway concrete, its investigation is necessary, in thisinvestigation, the Geology, Geomorphology, Lithostratigraphy and structural geologyhas been considered. Also MoreKarkheh earth Dam is located in 25 Km of south of Andimeshk. Because of huge volumeof used aggregate in spillway concrete, its investigation is necessary, in thisinvestigation, the Geology, Geomorphology, Lithostratigraphy and structural geologyhas been considered. Also grain size distribution and classification of age, and theirphysical and chemical properties and Los angles test are recognized. Regarding to XRFanalysis results. The percentage of quartz and calcite are considerable which their alkalireaction studies are important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Depositional environments and sequence stratigraphy of the Kangan formation in the Kish field
Maryam Peyravi Mohammad Reza Kamali Hossain RahimPour- BonabThe Kangan Formation (Lower Triassic) is one of the most important petroleum reservoirs in SW Iran andPersian Gulf that belong to the Dehram Group. Facies analysis from core and cuttings of this formation in theKish Field led to the recognition of 14 facies, indicating MoreThe Kangan Formation (Lower Triassic) is one of the most important petroleum reservoirs in SW Iran andPersian Gulf that belong to the Dehram Group. Facies analysis from core and cuttings of this formation in theKish Field led to the recognition of 14 facies, indicating deposition in tidal flat, lagoon and oolithic barrier faciesbelts. Facies types and their facies belts reveal deposition in the inner part of a homoclinal ramp platform.Vertical variations of microfacies and well log analysis especially Gamma Ray log demonstrate that the KanganFormation consists of three third order depositional sequences. Each sequences consisting of transgressivesystems tract (lagoonal and tidal flat facies) and highstand systems tracts (barrier/ shoal facies) which arebounded by a type 2 unconformity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - valuation of the optimum dimension of installation pocket for pressure cell using numerical modeling
Kaveh Ahangari Seyed Mohsen Moosavi KojoriPressure cell is used to measure total stress in soil. There is possibility of the rotation of pressure cell duringthe fill compaction and damage due to traffic passage. So, the pressure cell is located in a pocket which isexcavated in soil. Unsuitable pocket dimension MorePressure cell is used to measure total stress in soil. There is possibility of the rotation of pressure cell duringthe fill compaction and damage due to traffic passage. So, the pressure cell is located in a pocket which isexcavated in soil. Unsuitable pocket dimension will prevent accurate measurement of pressure cell. In thisstudy a new model is introduced to determine the optimum dimension of the pocket and investigate theeffects of the pressure cell properties and the installation condition on results of this device in earth dam. Atwo dimensional finite different method, FLAC software, was used for this purpose. Results of modelingshowed that the width of each pocket must be about 3 times more than the diameter of the pressure cell andits height is equal to the diameter of installed cell. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Evaluation of environmental aspects in the construction of dams
Mojtaba Rahimi Shahid Nima Rahimi -
Open Access Article
211 - A Study and Analysis of the Extracorporeal Novel from Chastity of the Infinite with an Approach to Feminist Foundations (Pathological Attitude)
vahab moradian MOSTAFA YEGANI ardeshir sadreddiniFeminist ideas that began in Europe after the contemporary post-industrial revolution and spread throughout the world also came into the field of literature, and many gender-based writers addressed women's diminished rights in patriarchal societies and women's concerns. MoreFeminist ideas that began in Europe after the contemporary post-industrial revolution and spread throughout the world also came into the field of literature, and many gender-based writers addressed women's diminished rights in patriarchal societies and women's concerns. On the micro and macro levels. Given the rootedness of patriarchal beliefs in Arab societies, addressing women's issues in the literature of these countries is valid. In the meantime, Efaf Al- Batayeneh, in her Kharej Al-Jasad novel, is influenced by feminist beliefs and the patriarchal structure of her societies, with a critical approach of attempting to describe the plight of women and suggest ways to get this class out of the situation. In this research, using the feminist foundations and the descriptive-analytical method, the author's views on the novel are explained and explained. The results of the study show that: Al- Batayeneh issues such as: the complete subjugation of women to men; traditional marriage in Eastern societies; Man, egalitarianism, has criticized society's false beliefs. As the main character of the novel, Semen, having traveled to Western countries and renamed himself, has completely undergone cultural transformation and negated the components of the patriarchal and patriarchal culture of Arab society Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - The effect of modifying saline and sodic soils on their properties
Peyman AziziOne of the problems in the soils of arid and semi-arid regions is the accumulation and presence of soluble salts and exchangeable sodium in the soil. In order to use and exploit these soils, it is necessary to modify them. In this study, an intermittent washing method w MoreOne of the problems in the soils of arid and semi-arid regions is the accumulation and presence of soluble salts and exchangeable sodium in the soil. In order to use and exploit these soils, it is necessary to modify them. In this study, an intermittent washing method was used to improve saline and sodium soils, and the water used for washing has an inappropriate quality (class C3-S1). As a result of soil modification and leaching, soil electrical conductivity (ECe) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) significantly and significantly decrease, but the pH shows a slight increase. Also, in this study, the Gapon coefficient was calculated before and after washing, and its value decreased after washing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Effects of dam construction on physical development and upstream and downstream dam change using remote sensing (Case Study: June 15th, Qom)
Ahmad RajabiSo far, many studies have been conducted to identify and detect land cover changes and land use changes. Optimizing land cover monitoring is an inevitable necessity in natural resource management. Given the evidence and effects of climate change in the region and the de MoreSo far, many studies have been conducted to identify and detect land cover changes and land use changes. Optimizing land cover monitoring is an inevitable necessity in natural resource management. Given the evidence and effects of climate change in the region and the declining and increasing trend of some coverages and land uses can be effective in prioritizing conservation and zoning strategies. Factors such as land resources, environment, population, economy and society must be taken into account for sustainable development. Any type of development, regardless of quantity or quality, has specific environmental effects (1). Over time, dam construction has made some changes in the land cover - use of dams, in this study we aim to detect these changes. Therefore, for detecting cover changes - upstream and downstream of the Khordad 15 Khordad Dam during the period 201–990 1990, first visualize the changes using Googel Earth, then use Landsat 5 (1990 image) before. Dam Construction and Landsat 8 (Picture 2019) After dam construction and flooding using ENVI software, visual and automated changes detection are performed and the results of automatic image changes and classification in two classes Modified and unchanged Accuracy was 86.38% and was unchanged and modified by classification into three classes ( Decreased) reached 85.51% accuracy.Key words: Sustainable development,RemoteSensing,Dams,Change Detection,Classification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - The Archaeological Research at the Ancient Sites of Sirwan River Valley, Sanandaj and Sarvabad Counties, Kurdistan Province
Shokouh Khosravi Saman Mostafapour Farhad FatahiThe Archaeological Survey of a part of the Valley of Sirwan River between the east of Sarvabad County and the west of Sanandaj County in the southwest of Kurdistan province was carried out in October 2016. The area is surrounded by many heights covered with oak and bany MoreThe Archaeological Survey of a part of the Valley of Sirwan River between the east of Sarvabad County and the west of Sanandaj County in the southwest of Kurdistan province was carried out in October 2016. The area is surrounded by many heights covered with oak and banyan trees, forming a V-shaped valley with a short width and a steep slope. This situation is not an ideal condition for the formation of sites and human settlements, and therefore, it was not logical to expect the discovery of many sites before the survey. This survey included only the catchment areas of Nayabad Dam, where in total 11 sites were identified. The oldest identified settlements, including 6 sites, belonged to the Parthian period, and no older findings were obtained from this survey. Just a site had evidence from the 4th to 6th A.H. centuries. It seems that the lack of ancient sites in the valley is most likely related to the geological and topographic conditions of the valley. The lack of arable land, the stony nature of the area, and the excessive slope of the land in the valley have caused the formation of only nine ancient sites and two cemeteries throughout the region. Locating on the slopes and being single-period sites are reasons we see only a small number of pottery pieces in most of the sites, which apparently are scattered in a natural bed without any archaeological deposits. To identify the endangered sites of the valley, four of them were excavated (tested by 3-5 sondages), three of which had the remains of seasonal settlements, and in the area of Deh Kohene 1, a graveyard from the Parthian period was revealed, where a simple pit grave and a burial pot were revealed from there. Due to the mentioned reasons, the Sirvan River valley from Nagal to Nai Abad has not had numerous and important settlements throughout history due to environmental conditions and topography. The distribution pattern of the ancient sites and the appearance of the archaeological deposits show that a pattern similar to today has been ruling in the region in the past. At present, for six months of the year, the people of the region live in scattered houses and places located in their agricultural land and gardens on the edge of the river and return to the village during the cold season. Undoubtedly, this pattern was formed due to environmental restrictions and has continued to the present. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Environmental Effects of the World Hyper-Landslide on Ancient Settlements
Siamak Sharafi Masoud Sadeghi RadThe occurrence of the world's largest landslides on the Kabir-Kuh anticline and on the path of Sayamareh and Kashkan river drainage network has created many wide environmental changes. The most important changes caused by the landslide include blocking the path of Sayma MoreThe occurrence of the world's largest landslides on the Kabir-Kuh anticline and on the path of Sayamareh and Kashkan river drainage network has created many wide environmental changes. The most important changes caused by the landslide include blocking the path of Saymareh and Kashkan rivers and creating two lakes which are world’s largest and most stable barrier lakes in the world. Geoarchaeological studies of this region utilizing physical and conceptual tools, laboratory methods, software tools as well as using statistical cluster analysis have led to the landslide fourstage recognition on the Kabir-Kuh anticline and the subsequent formation of four lakes within the Saymareh valley and a single-stage lake within the Kashkan valley; in addition, the results of these studies include detecting settlement patterns of archaeological sites in each periods from Epipaleolithic to Islamic in connection with the formation of the lake and the recognition of the ongoing changes in settlement patterns associated with fluctuations in the lake level. Based on the results of lake sediments dating, the occurrence of the primary Kabirkuh landslide and the formation of Seymare and Kashkan barrier lakes happened about 85000 years ago. Therefore, from the Middle Paleolithic to the Islamic era the human settlement patterns have been environmental changes caused by Kabirkuh landslide and also caused by the formation of barrier lakes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Preliminary Report on the Excavations at Site No. 11 of Talvar Dam Basin, Bijar, Kurdistan
Hamidreza Valipour Iman Mostafapour Reza Behdadfard Ghafour KakaWithin the irrigation of Talvar storage Dam, constructed on the river Talvar, a 30-kilometer-length lake would be created. Consequently, a large number of the archeological site would be flooded. Thus, it was necessary to perform some studies and discoveries around this MoreWithin the irrigation of Talvar storage Dam, constructed on the river Talvar, a 30-kilometer-length lake would be created. Consequently, a large number of the archeological site would be flooded. Thus, it was necessary to perform some studies and discoveries around this Basin. After recognizing and identifying the archeological sites, the discovering around the key areas and sites was started. Tel No. 11 was excavated with the basic aim of saving and achieving the archeological information. This site was excavated during one season through stratigraphy and in a horizontal way. In these excavations, some works of Chalcolithic and historical Parthian periods were obtained which paved the way for the possibility of performing some comparative studies as well as understanding cultural interactions in this area. With regards to the conducted comparisons, most of the cultural exchanges of Chalcolithic period in this area have been with Zanjan and Takestan regions. However, these infra-regional interactions with Dalma cultural areas in Central Zagros and NorthWest could be observed. The ceramics related to this area, in Parthian Period, reveal the features of Iran’s west region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Preliminary Report on the First Season Excavations at Kalantar 4 Site, Gotvand Dam Basin, Khuzestan
Hamidreza Valipour Iman Mostafapour Hossein Davoudi Hamed Zifar Bahnam Ghanbari Hamzeh KarimiThe 90 kilometer lake of the Upper Gotvand Dam would submerge a large number of archeological sites in North of Khuzestan. Thus, a group of archeologists began to identify and record around the site, to know about the area before its being flooded. Kalantar 4 was one of MoreThe 90 kilometer lake of the Upper Gotvand Dam would submerge a large number of archeological sites in North of Khuzestan. Thus, a group of archeologists began to identify and record around the site, to know about the area before its being flooded. Kalantar 4 was one of the given sites, by the survey team, which was excavated in a horizontal way in March and April 2011. During this excavation, some remains of architecture and two semi-underground stone tombs belonging to New Elamite were found, which will have effective role in heightening our knowledge about the New Elamite in Susianna highlands. According to the comparative studies of the ceramics, there exist significant similarities among the ceramics found in Kalantar 4, Susa and the sites of Mianab Plain in Shooshtar. Furthermore, studying the architecture of the site based on an ethno-archeological approach, indicated a continuity in the region’s archeological traditions (at least, from the New Elamite period to the present). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Urartu Irrigation System
Hossein Alizadeh Alireza Hejebri NobariWith the formation of the Urartu state in the first half of the first millennium BC, which has ruled in northwestern Iran and eastern Anatolia and a part of today's Caucasus region, very significant changes in the way of managing water resources emerged and Many irrigat MoreWith the formation of the Urartu state in the first half of the first millennium BC, which has ruled in northwestern Iran and eastern Anatolia and a part of today's Caucasus region, very significant changes in the way of managing water resources emerged and Many irrigation systems were built with highly advanced scientific and technical principles to provide water for drinking and agriculture. The main reason for all this progress should be seen in the features of natural geography and human factors that have led the rulers of Urartu government to build water supply facilities such as dams, artificial lakes, water storage and canals. Over time, the way they were built has gone through an evolutionary process to the point where archeological findings related to the water structures of Urartu have caused that state to be referred to as "the greatest hydraulic civilization of the ancient world". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Archaeological Survey of Āzād Dam, Kurdistān, Western Iran
Ardeshir Javanmardzadeh Hojjat Darabi Reza NaseriThe Kurdestān province is located in western part of Iran as, limited by East Azerbaijan and Zanjān provinces from the north, Zanjān from the east, Kermanshah from the south and Iraq from the west. The survey region in the lake of Āzād Dam is located between Sanandaj an MoreThe Kurdestān province is located in western part of Iran as, limited by East Azerbaijan and Zanjān provinces from the north, Zanjān from the east, Kermanshah from the south and Iraq from the west. The survey region in the lake of Āzād Dam is located between Sanandaj and Marivān counties of Kurdestān province. Azad Dam’s Lake is located between 46º 32ʹ 57ʺ eastern longitude and 35 º 19 ʹ 59ʺ northern latitude, between the Banidar village and Pīr Khezrān in the starting and endpoint of the survey area. During the September- October 2007 the Archaeological survey of the Āzād Dam was intensively carried out to identify and record the Archaeological remains. this survey 21 archaeological sites which could be divided to 4 main types: Tell sites, Open Air sites, Cemeteries and Monuments. Chronologically, these recorded sites are spanning from prehistoric times to the Late Islamic era as, 1 sites contains Early Bronze Age Material by Early Trans Caucasia horizon, 3 sites contains Achamenid, 17 sites contains Parthian, 5 sites contains Sassanid and 4 sites contains Late Islamic material. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Investigating the effect of calcium on growth, oxidative indices, ascorbate, glutathione and antioxidant enzymes activity in triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) under salt stress
Malihe Jahani Mohammad Reza Hadi Mojtaba Jafarinia Sedighe JahaniIntroduction: Salinity is a developing problem in agricultural soils. Calcium plays an important role in the resistance of plants to salt stress. Aim: In order to investigate the mutual effect of sodium-calcium on growth, oxidative indices and antioxidant defense system MoreIntroduction: Salinity is a developing problem in agricultural soils. Calcium plays an important role in the resistance of plants to salt stress. Aim: In order to investigate the mutual effect of sodium-calcium on growth, oxidative indices and antioxidant defense system in triticale plant, an experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with 3 replications in greenhouse conditions. Materials and methods: One week after planting seeds in the soil, seedlings were treated with sodium chloride dosages (0, 50, 100 and 150 mmol L-1) and calcium chloride dosages (0, 6 and 10 mmol L-1). After 5 weeks of stress, some morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters including shoot and root length, chlorophyll-meter number (SPAD), oxidative indices (malondialdehyde, other aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide and lipoxygenase enzyme activity), reduced ascorbate, dehydroascorbate, reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes activity (guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) of leaves was measured. Results: The results showed that salinity stress significantly decreased the length of shoot and root, SPAD, reduced ascorbate and reduced glutathione in leaf but increased the amount of oxidative indices, dehydroascorbate and antioxidant enzymes activity in leaf. While addition of calcium to the saline medium increased the length of shoot and root, SPAD, reduced ascorbate and reduced glutathione in leaf, but decreased the amount of oxidative indices, dehydroascorbate and antioxidant enzymes activity in leaf. Conclusion: Adding calcium to the saline medium reduced the harmful impacts of salinity stress and the most beneficial impacts of calcium were observed at a concentration of 6 mmol/ L-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Scientific-literary character of Amir Ali-Shir Nava’i and efficacy of his school
Amir Nemati LimaeeAmir Ali-shir Nava’i is one of the famous and well-known politicians and cultural man of the Timurid era . His unique political and cultural perspective gave him a special position in Iranian cultural history. Investigating different aspects of his unique characte MoreAmir Ali-shir Nava’i is one of the famous and well-known politicians and cultural man of the Timurid era . His unique political and cultural perspective gave him a special position in Iranian cultural history. Investigating different aspects of his unique character is the subject of this paper . This paper by means of the historical research method reviews some of his great works such as : his influence on Turkish literature , his role in spreading Iranian culture beyond Iran, providing the foundation for new schools of thought , and also writing different dictionaries . A study of historical records revealed that in one hand , Amir Ali-shir Nava’i was a pioneer and leading figure in Turkish literature and on the other hand , he had a prominent role in introducing Iranian culture into Turkish language tribes . the result of his work created close contacts between Iranian and Turkish culture . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - The factor of Seljuk’s attention ceremony and ancient traditions
Amir AkbariThe seljuk’sage is one of the important periods of Iran history and Asia minor. Entry this population factor to Asia history area was accompany with major political and cultural developments. The Seljuk were first government among the Islamic states that car MoreThe seljuk’sage is one of the important periods of Iran history and Asia minor. Entry this population factor to Asia history area was accompany with major political and cultural developments. The Seljuk were first government among the Islamic states that carried the their government territorial till Byzantine borders and recovered the greatness of ancient empire. In regard this success, the Seljuk applied multiple effort into cultural look and attention to manner and ancient tradition. Seljuk‘s attention for the creation a great empire must be combined with emphasis on all of the political, administrative and cultural structures. Being BoghazKoy inscription in 1400 B.C into Ankara has the mark of attention to gods and ancient olden rituals in this lands. Nowruz celebration- Sadeh celebration and Mehregan celebration with itself ancient history was people‘s attention of Asia central till Asia minor. So, Seljuk into manage of the wide lands, addition creation a religious unity make efforts to cultural unity and emphasis on ancient traditions. Khayyam‘s effort for foundation an exact calendar without error and complexity was more on necessity return Nowruz to itself real time, namely ,first month Farvardin in per year. All of the efforts can not except, in the Seljuk ‘s power and Seljuk ‘s attention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - The role of Islamic civilization in intellectual developments in Europe in the Middle Ages
ebrahim bavafaThanks to Islam and Muslims throughout history, civilization created in Islamic countries that the Islamic civilization. This civilization is taken up at some point in history, and in a short time, in addition to mastering a wide range of countries in the world that day MoreThanks to Islam and Muslims throughout history, civilization created in Islamic countries that the Islamic civilization. This civilization is taken up at some point in history, and in a short time, in addition to mastering a wide range of countries in the world that day Brphnh , extended the frontiers of science and culture so that, radical changes occurring in the world Vrdkh can not ignore the magnitude of its impact on other civilizations Grft.dr this article, we explain the major factors that play a role of Islamic civilization in Europe was the awakening? Islamic philosophy and how it's going to affect the philosophy of medieval Europe during the Renaissance intellectual groundwork for Europe and its transition from the Middle Ages to the modern era provided? Secondary research questions are: - What factors are driving the growth and flowering of Islamic civilization was at that time? - What is the status of Europe in the Middle Ages? - How the translation movement in Europe could familiarize them with the work and achievements of Islamic thinkers? It looks and it is assumed that during the Crusades and business travel and cultural exchanges and scientific Muslims and Europeans offering information and scientific achievements between the two civilizations was provided. This research method to validate data collection, library and the credibility of the fundamental objective and the nature and method validation, Ali - historical and analytical. Keyword: Islamic civilization, tolerance, Ibn Sina. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Iranian religious celebrations During the Sassanid
shmsodein najmiZoroastrians are always a celebration, praise and thanksgiving were celebrated today some of them as a national symbol and a symbol of monotheism and the ancient Iranian civilization. The separation of religion from many aspects of life difficult and perhaps impossible MoreZoroastrians are always a celebration, praise and thanksgiving were celebrated today some of them as a national symbol and a symbol of monotheism and the ancient Iranian civilization. The separation of religion from many aspects of life difficult and perhaps impossible ancient Persians and knowledge of the culture and civilization of ancient Iran today strongly intertwined with religion is. Ancient Iranians, happiness and divine gift in religious ceremonies to give thanks for the blessings that they had Ahura Mazda, was celebrated. Some of them have faded over time, and some celebrated as a national aspect and all Iranians from every ethnic and religious are most welcome. In this article, the most important religious feast mentioned Zoroastrians and the nature and cause them to be discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Reducing Arsenic Toxicity Stress in Soybean (Glycine max L.) by Using of Sodium Nitroprusside
Elham Asadi karam Batool Keramat Hossein MozaffariArsenic contamination is one of the most important compounds all over the world. Arsenic in different ways, including the formation of reactive oxygen species and membrane lipid peroxidation impairs growth of plants. In this study, the effect of arsenic and sodium nitro MoreArsenic contamination is one of the most important compounds all over the world. Arsenic in different ways, including the formation of reactive oxygen species and membrane lipid peroxidation impairs growth of plants. In this study, the effect of arsenic and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were evaluated on soybean. Soybean at four leaf stage was treated with different concentrations of arsenic (0, 150 and 300 mM) and SNP (0 and 100 mM), and then concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, proline, malondialdehyde and activity of antioxidant enzymes in its shoot were measured. The results showed that increasing concentration of arsenic in Hoagland solution reduced total chlorophyll content in the shoot and increased the activity of catalase and peroxidase significantly. It was also observed that treating plants with arsenic increased hydrogen peroxid accumulation which resulted in peroxidation of membrane lipids. Higher malondialdehyde content confirmed this result. Using SNP in the medium containing arsenic increased total chlorophyll content, activities of guaiacol peroxidase enzyme and ascorbate peroxidase, significantly. However, the catalase activity in this case decreased. Thus it can be concluded that using SNP, would reduce effectively the damage of oxidation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Effect of Topping on Yield and Qualitative Characteristics of Autumn Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Cultivars in Gorgan Condition
Nourallah Tazikeh Abbas Biyabani Alireza Saberi Ali Rahemi Karizaki Masoumeh NaimiLeaves are one of the most important organs of plants where food (starch and sugar) are produced. These materials are used to maintain plant tissues, growth and production of new leaves. In order to evaluate the commercial fall growing cultivars of sugar beet, their pot MoreLeaves are one of the most important organs of plants where food (starch and sugar) are produced. These materials are used to maintain plant tissues, growth and production of new leaves. In order to evaluate the commercial fall growing cultivars of sugar beet, their potential to produce new leaves, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications at Varsan Agricultural Research Station (Gorgan), during 2018 growing season. The first factor consisted of 6 commercial sugar beet cultivars (5 foreign cultivars and Sharif, domestic) and the second factor of two times at toppings in May (middle stage of growth) and June (final stage of growth). Sugar beet root yield and some important quality characteristics were measured after harvesting. The results showed that the commercial cultivars showed significant differences in terms of yield and percentage of sugar (grade) at the one percent level of probability. Highest root yield was obtained from Jrakavas and lowest from veles cultivar. The highest percentage of sugar was due to veles and lowest to Rosagold cultivars. Topping reduced borb quantity and quality of sugar beet root, while May and June toppings reduced quality and yield of sugar beet root by 8.8% and 10.2% respectively as compared to the control treatment. The interaction effect of cultivar × topping was significant in all studied traits except root dry matter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Investigating Seed Germination Indices and Absorption Rate of Sodium, Chloride, Calcium, and Potassium in Different Parts of Seedlings of Sweet Corn KSC 403 (Zea Mays L var. Saccharata) Under Salinity Stress and Seed Priming
M. Nasrolah alhossini, A. Rahmani S. Khavari KhorasaniTo investigate the effects of different levels of seed priming on germination indices and nutrient absorption at early growth stages of sweet corn (Golden Kernel Hybrid) a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three replications i MoreTo investigate the effects of different levels of seed priming on germination indices and nutrient absorption at early growth stages of sweet corn (Golden Kernel Hybrid) a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three replications in 2011. The experiment consists of 6 levels of primings (seeds without priming, priming with tap water, priming with distilled water, priming with sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and hydrous calcium chloride) and five levels of salinity (zero, 4, 8, 12 and 16 ds/m sodium chloride). The characteristics studied were germination percentage, germination rate, root and shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight of seedling, root to shoot ratio and determination of sodium, chloride, calcium, and potassium concentration in different parts of seedlings (stems, roots and seed). The results indicated that increasing salinity stress levels decreased all parameters measured. Priming seeds with hydrated calcium chloride responded to significantly to salinity stress better than other treatments. Results also showed that increasing concentration of sodium chloride salt, increased absorption rate of sodium but concentration of calcium and potassium were reduced. Because application of hydrous calcium chloride stimulates cell in using calcium under salinity conditions it leads to improved seedling growth parameters. To achieve a more accurate results slicing interaction effect of seed priming×salinity levels was performed. Hydrous calcium chloride treatments improved all traits under study except sodium and potassium concentration. This represents a better performance of seeds germination under salinity stress when seeds primed with hydrous calcium chloride. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Effect of Seed Priming with Sodium-Ascorbate on Germination and some of Physiological Characteristics of Sesame (Seamum indicum) under Different Temperatures
P. Tizfahm A. Ebadi H. Tavakoli N. TavakoliTo study the effects of ascorbate and temperature on antioxidant enzymes and germination indexes, a factorial experimental based on completely randomized block design with three replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Laboratory of Mohaghegh Ardabili Uni MoreTo study the effects of ascorbate and temperature on antioxidant enzymes and germination indexes, a factorial experimental based on completely randomized block design with three replications was conducted at the Agricultural Research Laboratory of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2014. Treatments were three levels of ascorbate (control, 5 and 10 mM) and three levels of temperatures (15, 25 and 35 °C). Parameters under study were germination indices, production rates of antioxidant enzymes, proline and protein. The results of experiment indicated that ascorbate application that of raised proline content. Application of ascorbate resulted in enzymes reduction at 15°C more than 25°and 35° temperatures. Its application also reduced protein denaturation. Since sesame is a warm season plant, it seems that increasing antioxidant enzymes at 15°C is due to higher production of free radicals. The positive and significant correlation between antioxidant enzymes and germination indices represents their direct relationships. According to the results of this experiment, it seems that the application of ascorbate had positive effect on germination indices and reduced the effects of improper temperatures; it also benefited seedling growth of sesame. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - نقش علم و جهل در ضمان مقبوض به عقد بیع فاسد
محمد صادق بابایی علویق دکتر رحیم وکیل زاده -
Open Access Article
230 - The Impact of Political Violence and Terror on Political Changes in the Pahlavi Period
ali fallahi saifoddin ali fallahnejhadHistorical changes are shaped by peaceful and violent events such as reform, revolution, social movements, coups, and Rebellion. Terror is a method of violent change that, depending on the strength and stability of political structures, has different effects on the cour MoreHistorical changes are shaped by peaceful and violent events such as reform, revolution, social movements, coups, and Rebellion. Terror is a method of violent change that, depending on the strength and stability of political structures, has different effects on the course of change.Political violence is both the cause and effect of the obstruction or lack of publicly accepted and institutionalized political structures within societies. In the absence of mechanisms for the peaceful settlement of disputes within societies, Disagreements lead to conflict and are resolved outside the consensus framework by violent meansPolitical violence in Iran, despite its long history, has emerged in new forms since the constitutional movement, influenced by domestic and foreign historical developments, and has become one of the most common methods of political action by expelled or out-of-power groups.The ideological roots of groups prone to violence, especially misinterpretations of Islam and the belief in the effectiveness of armed struggle, along with the political and structural obstruction of peaceful participation in contemporary Iran, have made violence a seemingly effective tool for advancing their political goals.The main issue of this study is to examine the impact of the use of violence as a method of political action on the course of historical changes in Iran in the second Pahlavi periodTherefore, in this article, relying on analytical-descriptive method, the process of formation of political violence and the use of terror in contemporary Iran and its impact on the changes of the second Pahlavi period has been studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Abundance and distribution of zooplankton in Arasbaran reservoir dam
سیدمحمد صلواتیان علی عابدینی جلیل سبکآراIn order to identify, density and distribution of zooplankton and its changes over from winter 2009 to summer 2010 in the 3-stage sampling was performed. A sample stuck with huge plankton net 55 microns (Judy Net) was performed, than 4% formalin fixed samples of an inve MoreIn order to identify, density and distribution of zooplankton and its changes over from winter 2009 to summer 2010 in the 3-stage sampling was performed. A sample stuck with huge plankton net 55 microns (Judy Net) was performed, than 4% formalin fixed samples of an inverted microscope in a laboratory study. Investigation totally distinguished 31 Genus in 6 Phylums among of genus. In this regard, the following series of Protozoa and branches Rhizopoda 5 genus, Ciliophora 2 genus, branch of Gastrotricha 1 genus, Nematoda phylum 20 genera Rotatoria branch and the branch Arthropoda and the order Cladocera 2 genus with embryonic stage and the category Copepoda 1 genus with them nauplius and were Chironomidae family respectively. The combined population of the lake zooplanktons Arasbaran most diverse branches of the genera Rotatoria Polyarthra, Synchaeta, Brachionus, Keratella, and Trichocerca the greatest diversity and abundance of this category is in the spring. In total, an average of 1,179 per liter Rotatoria 69 percent in the lake had the largest population. Between zooplankton abundance at different stations and months there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). In the summer season with another two seasons showed significant differences (P<0.05). Biological studies showed that plankton production potential Rotatoria branch in the lake at almost a high. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Possibility of development of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cage culture in Golestan Dam
taher PoursoofiAbstractNatural and semi-natural water resources with proper planning can be used for the production of aquatic, especially fish, and it is necessary to first assess the ecological factors and production potential. Then, the optimum cage culture number in a field was ca MoreAbstractNatural and semi-natural water resources with proper planning can be used for the production of aquatic, especially fish, and it is necessary to first assess the ecological factors and production potential. Then, the optimum cage culture number in a field was calculated based on maximizing the area of the appropriate farming and taking into account the confidence interval of about 80 meters. The results indicate 80, 80 and 100 cage culture in each region for cold water cultivation, respectively. Considering the 80 meter confidence distances and the optimal number of cage culture, the method of arrangement of cold-water fish farms in Golestan Dam was determined. According to the established design, the area suitable for the cultivation of cold water is 10 hectares (20 farms with 80 cage culture), 10 hectares (20 farms with 80 cage culture) and 12 hectares (25 farms with 100 cage culture), respectively. It should be noted that the minimum depth required for the establishment of cages for fish farming should be 3.3 meters in order to be able to farming. In general, if the depth of the water at the cage's position at the time of the introduction of the baby is at least 5 to 6 meters, the area of 32 hectares and the establishment of the cage, approximately 108 tons of fish can be harvested. If the water depth of the cage is less than 4 meters, about 60 tons of salmon can be caught. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - The Review of Nullification of Void Clauses in Contract with Emphasis on Imam Khomeiniâs view
abolfazl Alishahi Mohammadreza Hamidi masoumeh hamidiVoid Clauses†are clauses that make a lawful thing unlawful or an unlawful thing lawful or its requirement is in conflict with a fixed levied sentence. Undoubtedly these clauses are void and the obligor not only doesn’t have to do them but is not allowed to do them. MoreVoid Clauses†are clauses that make a lawful thing unlawful or an unlawful thing lawful or its requirement is in conflict with a fixed levied sentence. Undoubtedly these clauses are void and the obligor not only doesn’t have to do them but is not allowed to do them. The disagreement point is whether void clauses are the nullifier of contract too. The jurists that have considered the illegal clause nullifies, generally referred to lack of basis of “intention†and “consent†and also the emergence of “both sides’ ignorance of properties†in case of nullifies of clause and rarely some mentioned “lack closeness to illegal clause†as a part of correctness of the contract. In contrary, the others answered to these objections in detail. In this group of jurists’ view the clause compared to the main contract has adjunct aspect and is unable to disrupt in main basis. In this article, we have tried to do a correct judgment between these two opinions. On Imam Khomeini’s view there is no reason for the illegal clause to be diriment it and the other reasons of nullifies of void clauses with regard to legal nature of the clause - obligation by the same obligation - is not acceptable and if it was accepted it wouldn’t include all the void clauses. Of course, stipulation is with a tacit obligation in which obliges able to terminate the contract in case the clause doesn’t come off or terminate the contract as the reason of the tacit of the clause. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - The Analysis of Spoken Abandonment Originating from Following the Guessed Indications
Abbas Taghvaei Abbas Taghvaei Mohammadtaghi FakhlaeiiThe discussion regarding the requirement of guessed indications in general and the requirement of news specifically has been dealt with in our oldest principal texts, and its domain has gradually developed and incorporated issues including appearances, jurisprudence fam MoreThe discussion regarding the requirement of guessed indications in general and the requirement of news specifically has been dealt with in our oldest principal texts, and its domain has gradually developed and incorporated issues including appearances, jurisprudence fame, lexical promises, spoken harmony, and analogy. In investigating this issue, the analysis of the viewpoints of the opponents of following of guesses (through investigating their reasons for forbidding the requirement of guesses and the inability to follow them along with discussing the abandonments due to this following) and the absolute proponents of this requirement (those who assume these reasons and abandonment as being illusion and resort to rejecting these requirements) are all taken into consideration. Dealing with the historical background and the variety of discussions leading to the development of viewpoints, in particular, in the proponents and accordingly to their categorization, the present study sheds light on the existing categories of abandonments due to following the guessed requirements, i.e., the arbitrators’ harmony including both the opponents’ and followers’ viewpoints and their rejection. It is obvious that clarifying these issues and the authority of the expansion approach can pave the way for raising discussions in other fields such as appearance, unified news and also for rejecting requirements for other indications such as analogy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Jurisprudential and legal study of the effectiveness of the rule of repelling corruption to corruption
houshangh gholmoammadi Sayyad Mohammadreza Ayati Mohammadkazem RahmanstayeshThe actualization of the expediencies and the repelling of the depravities from the people’s lives are intended by the canon’s legislation of rules. Therefore, when an issue falls between two depravity extremes and none can be repelled, the common sense rule MoreThe actualization of the expediencies and the repelling of the depravities from the people’s lives are intended by the canon’s legislation of rules. Therefore, when an issue falls between two depravity extremes and none can be repelled, the common sense rules the repelling of the maximal depravity based on such a maxim as the necessity of repelling the worst as compared to the worse. The present study aims at investigating the documents of the foresaid maxim and its applications in jurisprudence and Iran’s laws using an organized descriptive-analytical method. It will be expressed that the maxim “the necessity of repelling the worst as compared to worse”, though not having been inserted independently, has been clearly stated in the legislators’ books along with such other axioms as no-interference is permitted, the necessity of taking the more important as compared to the important and emergency situation; it is, in practice, one of the jurisprudential axioms most widely applied in the personal, ethical, social, political and legal lives of the people. The obtained results indicated that it is necessary for a judge to verify the internal will and piety of the wrongdoer in regard of repelling the worst as compared to worse in line with preventing any contingent misuse and deception. Also, it is the wrongdoer who should persuade the judge in regard of his or her intention for doing a wrong action. Moreover, the above-mentioned maxim should repel a sort of depravity that is deemed to be the worst and it has to be used as the only way for getting rid of the worst wrongdoing according to the distinction made between the worse and the worst depravity. Thus, the institution and the authority qualified for the implementation of the before-mentioned maxim is the legislator as stipulated in the penal laws like legitimate defense and staying adherent to legality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate-based edible coating containing wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.) extract on the shelf-life of lactic cheese
S.M. Mousavi L. , Najafian M. FarsiNowadays, coating by natural materials is one of the novel food preservation methods with extensive applications. Cheese is a popular food, however, its high daily intake due to its high salt content may threaten the health of consumers. In this study, instead of stored MoreNowadays, coating by natural materials is one of the novel food preservation methods with extensive applications. Cheese is a popular food, however, its high daily intake due to its high salt content may threaten the health of consumers. In this study, instead of stored in brine, the novel method for cheese coating was used with the combination of 2% sodium alginate and 3% carboxymethyl cellulose with wild garlic extract at three concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 1.5%. Two uncoated cheese specimens (stored in or out of brine) were considered as the control groups. Physicochemical (pH, acidity and weight loss), microbial (thermophile, psychrophile, mold and yeast count), and sensory properties of the samples were investigated for 21 days at 4 °C. The results showed that during storage, pH decreased significantly (p < 0.05) while acidity, weight loss and microbial load increased. Coating with various ratios affected all of the sensory properties of the cheese samples. So that the highest score of total acceptance was related to the coating with 1.5% wild garlic extract. According to the results, edible coating based on sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose, containing the wild garlic extract, can be used to increase the shelf life of cheese. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Effect of cold atmospheric plasma on growth and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mastitic bovine milk
F. Jahandideh J. Shayegh S. HosseinzadehStaphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria in the dairy products industry that is capable of biofilm formation. Biofilm formation by these bacteria has been led to resistance to antimicrobial agents. Inactivation of microorganisms using cold MoreStaphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria in the dairy products industry that is capable of biofilm formation. Biofilm formation by these bacteria has been led to resistance to antimicrobial agents. Inactivation of microorganisms using cold atmospheric plasma is one of the new approaches in the food industry. In this study, to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm effect of cold atmospheric plasma, a dielectric barrier discharge system was used. Twenty isolates of S. aureus from clinical bovine mastitis milk were exposed to plasma from 5 to 20 Sec and their antibacterial activity was estimated by recording the growth zone of inhibition. Plasma treatment was performed punctually for 5 Sec to assess the possible effects of plasma treatment on bacterial biofilm-formation activity after 24 h. The results show that a remarkable reduction in the growth of bacteria by increasing the flow of plasma. Moreover, statistical analysis of the ELISA reader results showed that the exposure of the isolates to plasma, significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the biofilm formation. These results suggest that plasma can be a suitable alternative method for thermal sterilization techniques. However, its application requires further studies to determine the severity and duration of exposure of microorganisms to plasma. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - A review of the use of plant extracts to control melanosis in farmed shrimp
M. SeifzadehShrimp is a highly perishable product with limited shelf life due to melanosis and biological composition. Controlling the destructive effects of melanosis is one of the major challenges for the industry. Melanosis in crustaceans is usually controlled by inhibitors such MoreShrimp is a highly perishable product with limited shelf life due to melanosis and biological composition. Controlling the destructive effects of melanosis is one of the major challenges for the industry. Melanosis in crustaceans is usually controlled by inhibitors such as sodium metabisulfite. However, the use of synthetic inhibitors for melanosis and antioxidants in food processing is usually limited by considerations related to safety and impact on food quality. Thus, over the last decade, the trend towards studies on the use of natural extracts to control shrimp melanosis has increased. Data from some articles published by ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, SpringerLink, and Scopus databases on the occurrence of melanin black pigment in shrimp skin were used. The shrimps were dipped in extracts and stored in ice or refrigerator. In Iran, only the effects of grape seed extract to prevent melanosis have been studied. Some studies have reported higher effects of plant extracts such as Garcinia cowa Roxb, Persicaria Odorata, rosemary, green tea, avocado, Arabic coffee grounds, and chamomile than sodium bisulfite. Some researchers have described the effects of extracts such as olive, rosemary, and thyme along with metabisulfite in preventing melanosis more than metabisulfite alone. Plant extracts were effective in reducing black spots in shrimp for 2-28 days. Studies have shown that plant extracts can act as antioxidants and be an effective natural alternative to inhibit melanosis after shrimp death. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - The effect of nisin A and sodium benzoate on behavior of Listeria monosytogenes and some microbial and chemical parameters in silver carp (Hypophtalmichtys molitrix) fillet stored at 4˚C
رضا Safari M.R Saeidi Asl The effect of nisin A and sodium benzoate on Listeria monocytogenes, as well as some microbial (mesophilic, psychrotrophic and lactic acid bacteria) and chemical (peroxide and TVN) in silver carp (Hypophtalmichtys molitrix) fillet during storage period (0, More The effect of nisin A and sodium benzoate on Listeria monocytogenes, as well as some microbial (mesophilic, psychrotrophic and lactic acid bacteria) and chemical (peroxide and TVN) in silver carp (Hypophtalmichtys molitrix) fillet during storage period (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days) at 4˚C were evaluated. For this, Listeria monocytogenes (4 logCFU/g) was inoculated to the fillets and were dipped into 2% sodium benzoate solution for 15 min and left to stand for 10 min at 4˚C. Subsequently nisin A was added to the fillet (0/15 g/kg) and samples were kept at 4˚C while packaged in vacuum condition. The results showed that, application of nisin A and sodium benzoate decrease the number of Listeria monocytogenes from 4/12 to 3/66. However, in control groups the number of bacterium was increased from 4/43 to 5/14. Moreover, the number of mesophilic bacteria in treatment and control groups was increased from 4/39 to 6/79 and 4/48 to 7/93, respectively. The number of psychrotrophic bacteria in treatment and control groups was increased from 4/16 to 6/72 and 4/34 to 7/92, respectively. The similar result was achieved for lactic acid bacteria in which the number of these bacteria was increased from 2/74 to 4/08 and 2/9 to 4/78, respectively. Moreover, different peroxide value and TVN for treatment and control groups was achieved. In conclusion, application of nisin A and sodium benzoate showed different inhibitory effects on Listeria monocytogenes in culture media and silver carp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - The removal of Tartrazine dye by modified Alumina with sodium dodecyl sulfate from aqueous solutions: equilibrium and thermodynamic studies
A. Parchebaf Jadid S. Sadeghi Edible colors are materials which in the case of adding to food and drinks cause transferring color to them. Most of these colors are not acceptable in terms of applying in human food and underlies various diseases like gastrointestinal disorders, renal, liver an More Edible colors are materials which in the case of adding to food and drinks cause transferring color to them. Most of these colors are not acceptable in terms of applying in human food and underlies various diseases like gastrointestinal disorders, renal, liver and blood toxicity. The goal of this study was investigating the efficiency of improved alumina by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in eliminating Tartrazine from aqueous environments. In this research, the impact of effective parameters such as initial concentration of Tartrazine, time, pH, alumina dose and SDS value were studied in order to approach an optimal condition for eliminating the color. Also, absorption behavior was evaluated by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The highest efficiency of Tartrazine elimination in the solution resulted in optimal pH of 2, the amount of adsorbent 1.5 g/L, 16 min duration and value 0.04 SDS g/l which was obtained for dye concentration 5 mg/L about 94.13%. Also, results suggested that Tartrazine absorption follows Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9867). Obtained results from thermodynamic studies such as Gibbs free energy (-5.728 Kj/mol) and enthalpy (-85.86 Kj/mol) and entropy (-271.102 J/mol.K) also suggested that the absorption process was exothermic. The results of this research suggested that improved alumina by sodium dodecyl sulfate had a relative good capability in Tartrazine elimination from aqueous environments. Thus Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Evaluation of sodium hydrosulfite residue in sugar crop in Zanjan province and investigation the new alternative method for determination
مهران Mohseni A.A Zamani کوروش Kamali عادل Mirza Alizadeh Sodium hydrosulfite/blanket is used as a decolorizing agent for the bleaching of produced sugar in the sugar industry. Due to sensitivity of using this chemical substance with defined allowed range in sugar product, the sensitive and exact method of voltamm More Sodium hydrosulfite/blanket is used as a decolorizing agent for the bleaching of produced sugar in the sugar industry. Due to sensitivity of using this chemical substance with defined allowed range in sugar product, the sensitive and exact method of voltammetry/polarography was used to measure the residual blanket in this product and moreover, its results were compared with titration method as a common method for measurement of this substance in reference laboratories. Among the active sugar plants in Zanjan province, three different samples of loaf sugar batch were selected from each production unit based on sampling method of Standard and Industrial Research of Iran and all samples were evaluated using polarography 797 VA Computrace. Then, some of the samples evaluated by the polarography method were also checked with titration method and the results of the two methods were compared with each other. Statistical analysis of obtained data from polarography method shows that various sugar factories have different average sugar content values in blanket residual. Comparative system shows that titration method gives a more than usual response to the amount of blanket residual. Polarography method shows that the dithionite content in the samples ranged from <1.40 to 13.24 ppm. However, in 6 percent of obtained samples from different plants, amount of blanket is more than allowable maximum (10 ppm). Comparing the results obtained from assessment of blanket residual amount in polarography method with titration method, shows significant differences between methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Impact of metabisulfite sodium on microbial quality of farmed vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (orginal reserch article)
Mina Seifzadeh, M A.A. KhaniporThis project was carried out to evaluate the effect of metabisulfite sodium on microbial quality, shelf-life as well as residual of metabisulfite sodium in edible tissue of processed cultured shrimp during freezing storage. The samples were treated with 3% metabisulfite MoreThis project was carried out to evaluate the effect of metabisulfite sodium on microbial quality, shelf-life as well as residual of metabisulfite sodium in edible tissue of processed cultured shrimp during freezing storage. The samples were treated with 3% metabisulfite sodium for 10 minutes and were stored at -18 °C for 6 months. Then, the microbial quality of the samples was assayed. Results revealded a significant reduction (P<0.05) in total bacterial count and populations of staphylococci and coliform bacteria in the test and control samples. Moreover, contamination with Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Vibrio parahemolyticus and Escherichia coli was estimated below 10 CFU/g in the both test and control samples. According to the results, the amount of metabisulfite sodium residue in the treated shrimp samples was below the approved limit of 100 mg/kg. During the storage period a significant (P<0.05) difference was observed between the treatment and control groups. Absence of pathogenic bacteria in the treated samples together with the approved level of metabisulfite sodium residual in the final product, it was concluded that metabisulfite sodium treatment could be a suitable method for kepping the microbial quality of vannamei shrimp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Analysis of chemical properties and determination of two preservatives in industrial Dough consumed in Shiraz
M. Abbasvali H. Taleb Najafabadi A. Falah MehrjerdiThis study was conducted to determine the quantity of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate in 61 industrial dough samples (16 different brands with a different production date) in Shiraz market. Moreover, chemical characteristics of the samples (pH, SNF, fat and salt c MoreThis study was conducted to determine the quantity of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate in 61 industrial dough samples (16 different brands with a different production date) in Shiraz market. Moreover, chemical characteristics of the samples (pH, SNF, fat and salt content) were determined. The mean concentrations of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate were 31.84 and 31.83 mg/kg, respectively. Based on Iranian National Standard (No 2453), none of these preservatives are permitted to be used in the dough. According to the results, 73.8% and 85.3% of the samples contained potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate, respectively and consequently inappropriate for consumption. Moreover, pH, salt, fat and SNF contents in 100%, 95.1%, 70.5% and 100% of the samples were found in the acceptable limit, respectively. Among the samples, 11.5% had potassium sorbate and 23% had sodium benzoate, and 62.3% contained both of the preservatives. There was no significant correlation between the concentration of sodium benzoate and the shelf life of the samples. However, there was a significant correlation between the concentration of potassium sorbate and the shelf life (r= 0.37, p= 0.001). Despite the Iranian National Standard legislation, presence of these chemical preservatives in dough could be a public health concern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Effects of selenium nanoparticles and sodium selenite on expression of adiponectin gene in placenta of pregnant ewes.
Pedram Moayeri Gholam ali Kojouri Afshin Jafari dehkordi Ali mohammad Ahadi Mahsa AbolfazlzadehIn recent years, special attention has been paid to insulin resistance mediators, such as adiponectin, that is produced and expressed during conception in placental tissue, thereby inducing its effects on the growing embryo and the health of the mother.In this study, th MoreIn recent years, special attention has been paid to insulin resistance mediators, such as adiponectin, that is produced and expressed during conception in placental tissue, thereby inducing its effects on the growing embryo and the health of the mother.In this study, the effect of selenium nanoparticles and sodium selenite on transcription of placental adiponectin gene was investigated for the first time during the transitional period. For this purpose, 20 pregnant ewes were selected randomly. During the 10 days leading up to birth, oral administration of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) with dosages of 0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg B.W. and sodium selenite with dosage of 0.1 mg/kg B.W. was performed. At the same time, the control group received equal volume of distilled water. At parturition, placental samples were collected and the transcription rate of adiponectin gene was determined by using RT-PCR based on a comparison assay of 2-ΔΔCt.The results showed that selenium supplementation in pregnant ewes leads to a significant reduction in adiponectin gene transcription rate and the suppressive role of selenium nanoparticles was significantly superior to sodium selenite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Investigating the effect of diluents contained EDTA and Propylene glycol on survival of Ghezel ram frozen semen
parisa Shafaati Gholamali Moghaddam hossein daghighkia sadegh AlijaniThe present study was performed to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of EDTA and propylene glycol on quality and survival of Ghezel ram frozen semen. After primary evaluations on fresh semen for parameters including total motility, progressive motility, non MoreThe present study was performed to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of EDTA and propylene glycol on quality and survival of Ghezel ram frozen semen. After primary evaluations on fresh semen for parameters including total motility, progressive motility, non-progressive motility, viability, abnormal sperm, and acrosome integrity in total cell and acrosome integrity in dead cells, samples with a concentration of 2.5 billion sperm and a progressive motility of over 70% and a volume greater than 0.5 ml were diluted with 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 mM EDTA and 1, 2, 3% propylene glycol as an additive and propylene glycol 7% as a constitute. Straws (250 µl) were filled with dilution and were placed in a refrigerator for 1.5 to 2 hours to cool to reach 5°C. After cooling they are placed in 4-5 cm above nitrogen for 8-10 minutes and ultimately were immersed in liquid nitrogen. qualitative parameters of sperm included viability, total motility, progressive and non-progressive motility, hypo osmotic swelling test, percentage of acrosome integrity and acrosome health in dead cells were investigated in 0, 20, 40 and 60 days of freezing processes. The results of this experiment showed that diluent with 1% propylene glycol concentration in comparison with other group improved total and progressive motility, percentage of viability, acrosome integrity and HOST (p0.05). The results showed that dilutions of EDTA and propylene glycol could improve quantitative parameters of ram semen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Effects of unilateral uretral obstruction on the induction of renal apoptosis
یوسف Doustar مهرداد Neshat Garamaleki Ali Rezaie Abnormalities of cell numbers are a frequent feature of renal disorders. Programmed cell death is a key factor in the regulation of cell numbers. Apoptosis is an active form of cell death that is modulated by extra cellular lethal and survival More Abnormalities of cell numbers are a frequent feature of renal disorders. Programmed cell death is a key factor in the regulation of cell numbers. Apoptosis is an active form of cell death that is modulated by extra cellular lethal and survival signals. Intracellular survival factors also have an important role in the regulation of apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate apoptosis of the renal tubular epithelial cells following unilateral uretral obstruction. This study was conducted on 10 dogs allocated equally into treatment and control groups. In the treatment group, unilateral uretral obstruction was created surgically while animals in the control group were subjected to usual nutritional and caring conditions without surgery. After a week, renal tissue samples were collected from both groups. The samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and 4-5 micron thick sections were prepared and stained by TUNEL technique. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. The histopathological examination of the treatment group revealed increased apoptosis of renal tubular cells. The average number of apoptotic cells in the treatment group, obtained from calculations made in five different microscopic fields was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.005). This study indicated that canine unilateral uretral obstruction as an animal model can induce apoptosis in renal tubular cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Inter seasonal evaluation of serum sodium and potassium concentration in dairy cattle of Tabriz area
A.P Rezaei Saber Ali Hassanpour علیرضا Ebrahimnajad In this study, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 100 dairy cattle of Tabriz area in each season of the year, their sera separated and the concentration of Na and K was determined using the flame photometry method. Results were ana More In this study, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 100 dairy cattle of Tabriz area in each season of the year, their sera separated and the concentration of Na and K was determined using the flame photometry method. Results were analyzed by the statistical software program SPSS13. ANOVA was used to compare mean seasonal serum Na and K concentrations. The mean concentration of K was 5.8 ±0.86 mmol/lit and the mean concentration of Na was 146.7±73 mmol/lit. Minimum and maximum K levels were 3 and 7 mmol/lit respectively and these values for Na were 125 and 167 mmol/lit. There was no significant difference between mean K levels in different seasons (p>0.01), and also between mean Na levels at spring and autumn (p>0.01). Based on the Tukey multiple comparisons test, there was a significant difference between mean Na concentrations at summer and winter (p<0.01) and mean Na levels were higher at winter compared to summer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Effect of orally administrated sodium valproate on alternations in the electrocardiogram of the cat
مهرداد Neshat Gharamaleky M.H Khayat Nouri یعقوب Shams Param Valproic acid is a fatty acid with antiseizure. Currently the salts of valproic acid are used to treat seizure, bipolar disorders and to prevent migraine in human and animals. Valproate sodium inhibits repetitive bursting action potentials of cells. More Valproic acid is a fatty acid with antiseizure. Currently the salts of valproic acid are used to treat seizure, bipolar disorders and to prevent migraine in human and animals. Valproate sodium inhibits repetitive bursting action potentials of cells. Furthermore it has been shown that high concentrations of valproate can increase potassium transmission across cellular membranes while in low concentrations it can lead to cellular hyperpolarisation. Considering that there are Na+ and K+ channels on the surface of cardiomyocytes, it is probable that sodium valproate can affect these channels as well. Therefore in the present study it was attempted to investigate the effect of orally administered sodium valproate on alterations in the electrocardiogram of the cat. In this experimental study, 8 domestic short hair male cats that were selected randomly were used. valproate sodium was administered orally to all animals at the dose of 50 mg/kg daily for 3 weeks and the electrocardiogram was recorded at days 0 ( prior to drug administration) , 7, 14 and 21 during drug administration in lead II. Heart rate (HR) , P wave duration (PD) , P wave amplitude ( PA) , PR interval (PR- interval), QRS duration( QRS D), R amplitude (RA), ST segment ( ST seg.) and QT interval( QT int.) were evaluated from the electrocardiogram. The results indicate that heart rate and R amplitude(RA) at days 7, 14 and 21 had significantly increased and decreased respectively compared with day 0 (P≤0.05) . These results revealed that valproic acid induces sinus tachycardia in the cat. It is evident from this finding together with the decrease in R wave amplitude that this drug has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects and it seems that through these effects it may bring about proarrythmic effect in the cat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - The comparative effect of selenium nanoparticles and sodium selenite supplementation in transitional period on serum thyroxin level of neonatal lambs
Vahid Tabatabaei Gholamali Kojouri Afshin Jafari Abdonaser MohebiThe objective of the present study was to study the comparative effect of administering selenium nanoparticles and sodium selenite in pregnant ewes on the blood serum levels of thyroxin in newly born lambs. For this purpose, twenty, four-month pregnant ewes within the s MoreThe objective of the present study was to study the comparative effect of administering selenium nanoparticles and sodium selenite in pregnant ewes on the blood serum levels of thyroxin in newly born lambs. For this purpose, twenty, four-month pregnant ewes within the same age were used. During the 21 days leading up to birth, supplementation of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) with dosages of 0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg B.W. were respectively fed to treatment groups 1 and 2. And supplementation with sodium selenite with dosage of 0.1 mg/kg B.W. was fed to treatment group 3. At the same time the control group was fed distilled water in equal volume. The ewes were monitored under accurate laboratory and clinical examination until the time of delivery. Neonatal lamb serum thyroxin level was measured at the day zero (birth day) and also at the 7th day. The results indicated that serum thyroxin level of neonatal lambs of treated groups 1 and 3, decreased significantly at 7 days' age in comparison to the birth day (p values less than 0.006 and 0.001, respectively). Results also showed that serum thyroxin level of group 2 offspring lambs on the day 0 was significantly less than that in group 1 (p=0.003). It was concluded that the physiological function of selenium nanoparticles was dose dependent, and the 0.05 mg/kg B.W. dosage of Se NPs induced similar effects like 0.1 mg/Kg B.W. of sodium selenite, which resulted in increasing serum level of thyroxin at the day of birth. Conflict of interest: None declared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - Infection of the cat fish (Silurus glanis) with Proteocephalus osculatus and Siluritaenia siluri in Aras Dam
soheil toutounchi seyedjavid mortazavitabrizi omid habibi jamileh pazoukiTo investigate and identify the helminthes parasites in the digestive tract of the catfish in Aras Dam in the spring of 2011, 50 catfish were caught measuring 0.5 to 4.5 kg and 50 to 120 cm from this dam. Their Gastrointestinal tracts were then removed and placed in pla MoreTo investigate and identify the helminthes parasites in the digestive tract of the catfish in Aras Dam in the spring of 2011, 50 catfish were caught measuring 0.5 to 4.5 kg and 50 to 120 cm from this dam. Their Gastrointestinal tracts were then removed and placed in plastic containers containing 10% formalin and transferred to Fisheries Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. The helminthes parasites were isolated, stained and identified and their species were determined. During this survey of 50 catfish caught from Aras Dam, 145 Proteocephalus osculatus and 88 Siluritaenia silurus parasites was isolated and identified. The infection rate of these two parasites of catfish was 100%. This is the first report of these two parasites of catfish from Aras Dam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - Histopathological evaluation of the effect of vitamin E on rat kidney after complete unilateral urethral obstruction
G.h Mousavi داریوش Mohajeri علی Agebati Maleki رامین Kafash Elahi مهرداد Neshat میرهادی Khayat NouriVitamin E is an important antioxidant, which plays a vital role in preventing free radical induced reperfusion injuries. Any disorder in the normal urinary flow is termed obstructive nephropathy which could ultimately lead to hydronephrosis, atrophy and complete impairm MoreVitamin E is an important antioxidant, which plays a vital role in preventing free radical induced reperfusion injuries. Any disorder in the normal urinary flow is termed obstructive nephropathy which could ultimately lead to hydronephrosis, atrophy and complete impairment of renal function. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin E on renal tissue following complete unilateral urethral obstruction in the rat. In this experimental study, 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups each containing 10 rats. The first group was considered as the control group. Following Unilateral urethral obstruction (UUO), rats in the second group received olive oil intraperitoneally for 15 days starting one day before surgery. Group three rats were given 50 Iu/kg of Vitamin E intraperitoneally for 15 days starting one day before unilateral obstruction (UUO-Vit E). Rats were euthanized at day 14 after surgery for histopathological evaluation and their left kidneys were collected and fixed in formalin and stained with Hematoxylen and Eosin, Trichrome-masson and Periodic Acid Schiff techniques. Histopathological evaluation revealed dilation of the Bowman’s capsule, severe glomerular and tubular atrophy, periglomerular sclerosis, interstitial infiltration of mononuclear cells, severe diffuse tubular degeneration, epithelial thickening of Bowman’s capsule, perivascular edema, interstitial fibrosis, hemorrhage and sub capsular fibrosis in the UUO group. Vitamin E administration in the UUO-Vit E group significantly decreased renal tissue lesions and fibrosis. The result of the present study indicated that urethral obstruction leads to severe renal fibrosis and tissue damage and concurrent administration of Vitamin E decreases tissue lesions and fibrosis resulting from the obstruction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Evaluation effect of Lambdacy halothrin, Zizyphus extract and Cedrus oil in knemidocoptes in poultry
S.R Hosseini KH Pirali Kheirabadi M.R Ataie ایمان AdavoudiKnemidocoptic mange is occasionally noted in pet chickens. The etiologic agent of this disease is Knemidocoptes gallinae and K.mutans, a sarcoptiform mite. These mites live out their entire life cycle on their hosts. Typically, the crusty and scaly dermatitis associated MoreKnemidocoptic mange is occasionally noted in pet chickens. The etiologic agent of this disease is Knemidocoptes gallinae and K.mutans, a sarcoptiform mite. These mites live out their entire life cycle on their hosts. Typically, the crusty and scaly dermatitis associated with this mite is seen at the feet and legs, as may be seen in some pet canaries or budgerigars with the same problem. Facial lesions, however, are particularly uncommonly seen in chickens. A suggestive diagnosis can be established by physical examination findings of a "honeycombed" appearance to the crusts and scales on the feet and legs, or by skin scraping. Treatment is with ivermectin, which may be repeated in 2-week intervals for 2 to 3 total treatments. Not all birds exposed to a bird with this condition necessarily will develop problems, and group treatment is not necessarily always required Cedrus oil a herbal product was trid agains knemidocoptes gallinae and its efficacy was compared with of Zizyphus Extract and Rotenone-orthophenol. In this study 16 broiler with knemidocoptes gallinae infestion treated with cedrus oil and Zizyphus extract .Mite scrapings after topical application of cedrus oil caused complet recovery after 20 days in severe infestation with growth of feather on days 20 post treatment. Adverse reactions were observed the following of lambdacyhalothrin were used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - A case-report of Chalcalburnus chalcoides parasitic infections to ligula intestinalis in saungar- Dam of Gilan province
یعقوب Garedaghi محمد Mohammadi hefz abadGypsy King Fish (Chalcalburnus chalcoides) is from the carp family and found largely in the country's water resources. Ligula intestinalis is one of the parasites of this fish. Ligula intestinalis has two intermediated hosts. Cyclops is first intermediate hosts and fish MoreGypsy King Fish (Chalcalburnus chalcoides) is from the carp family and found largely in the country's water resources. Ligula intestinalis is one of the parasites of this fish. Ligula intestinalis has two intermediated hosts. Cyclops is first intermediate hosts and fish are the second intermediate hosts. Plerocercoid larva can be found in the abdominal cavity of fish. This study was designed to investigate the causes of fish mortality trench Gilan province saungar- Dam in September 2012 was conducted. Were randomly sampled and a total of 65 fish species caught, identified and determined by age and parasitology were performed on them. The results showed that the infection rate 83/08 and 54 fish of 65 fish digit number were infected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Effect of sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine supplementation on anaerobic capacity and blood lactate level of female futsal players
Mandana Gholami Marzieh Hafezi eirdmousa sahar ghasem shoar Hossein abednatanziThe main aim of this study was to determine the effect of sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine supplementation on anaerobic capacity and blood lactate levels of female futsal players. Method: 40 volunteer female futsal players of the Tehran League were selected based on MoreThe main aim of this study was to determine the effect of sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine supplementation on anaerobic capacity and blood lactate levels of female futsal players. Method: 40 volunteer female futsal players of the Tehran League were selected based on the variables of entering the research and sampling and randomly selected four of the 40 volunteers and randomly divided into four control groups (n=10), sodium bicarbonate (n=10), beta-alanine (n=10) and sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine (n=10) were divided. The anthropometric characteristics of their height, weight and body mass index were measured before the test. Then the Wingate test was performed to measure power and their blood lactate level was also measured using a lactometer. After each test session, the bicarbonate group received 0.3 grams of sodium bicarbonate supplement per kilogram of body weight, the beta-alanine group received 0.3 grams of beta-alanine supplement per kilogram of body weight, and the combined group also received per kilogram The combination of beta-alanine and sodium bicarbonate was used for 0.3 grams of body weight, and the control group used 0.3 grams of placebo (starch) per kilogram of body weight, and after 90 minutes, the relevant tests were performed again. Also, the subjects' diet was controlled during the test. Finally, descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way analysis of variance test and Tukey's post hoc test were used for statistical analysis of the data using spss/21 software at a significance level of p≤0.05. The results showed that the supplement of sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine has a significant effect on the average power and blood lactate level of female futsal players. According to the results of the research, it is suggested that coaches and players use sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine supplements to increase strength and reduce the negative effects of lactic acid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - Investigation and Zoning of Soil Erosion Rate in Chehlgazi Sub-Watershed of Kurdistan Province
Seyed Pedram Nainiva Maedeh Parichereh Maryam MohammadrezaeiSoil erosion is considered as a natural and human hazard in both developing and developed countries. In other words, this problem can be caused by unprincipled development and factors affecting it, such as increasing population, deforestation, and lack of attention to s MoreSoil erosion is considered as a natural and human hazard in both developing and developed countries. In other words, this problem can be caused by unprincipled development and factors affecting it, such as increasing population, deforestation, and lack of attention to soil capacity, as well as caused by factors such as overgrazing, unprincipled and traditional cultivation, destruction vegetation etc.; For this reason, it is referred to as an international problem in many societies.This research has been conducted in order to evaluating hazard, zoning of areas prone to water erosion and determining the amount of soil loss in the Chehlgezi sub-basin of Gheshlagh(Vahdat) Dam, Sanandaj with the SLEMSA model and Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing.The results of hazard assessment, zoning of areas susceptible to water erosion and determination of the amount of soil loss showed that 93.15% of the sub-basin has erosion volume of 0 to 10, 2.46% of the sub-basin has an erosion volume of 10 to 20, 3.17% has an erosion volume of 20 to 50, and 1.20% has an erosion volume of 50 to 537 tons/ha/year. According to the classification of erosion rate between 0 to 10 and 10 to 20 tons/ha/year, which is classified as low and medium class, about 95.61% of the sub-basin is in the low to medium class. Therefore, according to the mentioned cases, the use of other models and the comparison with their results with this model and observational data can be effective in making management decisions in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Analysis of Synoptic Patterns of the Two Heaviest Rainfall Events in Zayandeh Rood Dam Basin
Shahideh Dehghan Amir Gandomkar Alireza AbbasiPrecipitation is one of the most important climatic elements, and its importance increases especially when heavy rains occur. Investigating rainfall or heavy rainfall in a region requires analysis of synoptic patterns. This research was conducted with the aim of investi MorePrecipitation is one of the most important climatic elements, and its importance increases especially when heavy rains occur. Investigating rainfall or heavy rainfall in a region requires analysis of synoptic patterns. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the heavy rains in the catchment area of Zayandeh Rood Dam. For this purpose, the daily rainfall data of Kohrang, Fereydon Shahr, Shahrekord, Daran, Pol Zaman Khan, Farrokh Shahr, Chadegan and Saman stations during the statistical period of 1958-2019 were used. After examining the data, two rainfall events on 7/1/2004 and 12/3/2005, which were heavy rains (rainfall above 20 mm) in the study area, were selected and their co-occurrence patterns were analyzed. The data related to geopotential height of three levels of 500, 700 and 850 hectopascals was obtained from the NOAA site and its maps were drawn in Arc Gis software. The obtained results showed that heavy rains occur in the studied basin when cold air in higher latitudes moves to lower latitudes and obtains the necessary moisture over the Red Sea and the Mediterranean. When the trough axis is located in the eastern Mediterranean and there is a lot of humidity, it causes heavy rains in the studied area. In general, it can be stated that the heaviest rains in the studied area occur in March and the Mediterranean and Sudanese systems cause heavy rains in this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - اثر پیشتیمار بذر با اکسین بر شاخصهای جوانه زنی، رشدی و رنگیزه گیاهچه تربچه (Raphanus sativus) تحت تنش شوری
سید اسماعیل موسوی حشمت امیدی سید علی لطیفی -
Open Access Article
258 - تأثیر تیمارهای زیستی بر شاخص های جوانه زنی، رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاهچه کدوی تخم کاغذی تحت تنش شوری
سید اسماعیل موسوی حشمت امیدی -
Open Access Article
259 - اثر پیشتیمار با نانوکلات آهن و پتاسیم بر جوانهزنی و رشد سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.) تحت تنش شوری
مهیا عسکری حسن نورافکن لیلا حجتی پرستو نعمتی راد -
Open Access Article
260 - اثر زمان و غلظت اسموپرایمینگ بر شاخصهای جوانهزنی سه گونه مرتعی از جنس آتریپلکس
معصومه محمدنژاد جلال محمودی محمد علی علیزاده بهرام ناصری -
Open Access Article
261 - تاثیر تنش شوری و خشکی بر خصوصیات تاثیر تنش شوری و خشکی بر خصوصیات جوانهزنی و رشدی گیاهچه جو دره (Hordeum spontaneum Koch)
سعیده عالی پور شکوفه غلامی طیبه رستمی -
Open Access Article
262 - بررسی اثر رقم بر شاخصهای جوانهزنی و رشدی گیاه کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) تحت تنش شوری
سید اسماعیل موسوی حشمت امیدی -
Open Access Article
263 - اثر اسید سالیسیلیک و اسید آسکوربیک بر القاء مقاومت گل راعی (Hypericum perforatum L.) به تنش شوری در مرحله جوانهزنی
سودا جداری قربان بدلی حسن نورافکن -
Open Access Article
264 - ارزیابی شاخص های جوانه زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه Drimia maritima L. تحت تنش شوری و دما
فاطمه برنا مختار حیدری -
Open Access Article
265 - Effect of different concentrations of KNO3 on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under Salinity Stress
Homa Zarei محمد صدقی Salim Farzaneh Haniyeh SaadatIn order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of KNO3 on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under salinity stress a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design at the University of Mohaghegh Arda MoreIn order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of KNO3 on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under salinity stress a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2021. Treatments included three salinity levels (0, 100 and 200 Mm) and three KNO3 levels (0, 1.5 and 3%). The results showed that the highest germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), germination uniformity (GU), radicle and plumule length (RL and PL) and radicle fresh and dry weight (RFW and RDW) was related to priming with KNO3 3% and without salinity. Mean of germination time (MGT) compared to the control showed a reduction about 53%. The activity of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes in priming with KNO3 3% and 200 mM salinity compared to the control showed an increase about 56, 68 and 67%, respectively. Salinity decreased the activity of amylase, but priming with KNO3 increased the activity of this enzyme. The total seed protein content in KNO3 3% pretreatment and without salinity was increased about 63%. In general, priming with KNO3 3% solution can be considered as the best treatment to improve the physiological and biochemical properties of corn under salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - The effect of pretreatment with different concentrations of urea on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under Salinity Stress
هما زارعی محمد صدقی سلیم فرزانه Haniyeh SaadatIn order to investigate Effect of different concentrations of urea on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under Salinity Stress a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili MoreIn order to investigate Effect of different concentrations of urea on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under Salinity Stress a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2021. The investigated factors were different levels of salinity (zero, 100 and 200 mM) and different levels of urea solution (zero, 1.5 and 3%). The results showed that salinity stress decreased Germination Percentage (GP), Germination Rate (GR), Germination uniformity (GU), Radicle and Pedicel Length (RL and PL) and Radicle Fresh and Dry Weight (RFW and RDW), But priming with urea improved these traits. The highest Medium Germination Time (MGT) was related at 200 mM salinity and control (distilled water). The activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes increased with salinity intensification and the highest amount was observed at 200 mM salinity. Priming with 3% urea solution improved these enzymes. The superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in priming with 3% urea and 200 mM salinity compared to the control showed an increase about 61%. Amylase and protein in pretreatment with urea 3% and without salinity compared to the control showed an increase respectively about 73% and 70%. According to the observed results, seeds primed with 3% urea solution had the greatest effect on salinity stress in maize. According to the observed results, seeds primed with 3% urea solution had the greatest effect on salinity stress in maize. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - تاثیرکلرید کلسیم در شرایط شور بر شاخصهای جوانهزنی ذرت (Zea mays L.)
سیدجلال غضنفری قدیر طاهری سعید بختیاری -
Open Access Article
268 - تأثیر اسید هیومیک بر جوانهزنی و رشد اولیه سورگوم علوفهای (Sorghum bicolor L) در شرایط تنش شوری
هادی زارع خورمیزی -
Open Access Article
269 - اثر پیشتیمار بذر با سالیسیلیک اسید بر جوانهزنی ماریتیغال تحت تنش شوری
زهرا محمودی راد حسن نورافکن -
Open Access Article
270 - تأثیر پرایمینگ نیترات پتاسیم بر ویژگیهای جوانهزنی گل سازویی (Scrophularia striata) تحت تنش شوری
حسین شریفی مقدم خدیجه احمدی -
Open Access Article
271 - پرایمینگ بذر بر مولفه های جوانهزنی گیاه مرزه (Satureja hortensis) تحت شرایط تنش خشکی و شوری
بیژن سعادتیان گودرز احمدوند فاطمه سلیمانی -
Open Access Article
272 - تأثیر پیش تیمار بذر با باکترهای محرک رشد بر شاخصهای جوانهزنی گیاه دارویی ریحان تحت تنش شوری
مهدی عقیقی شاهوردی بهنام ممیوند حجت عطایی سماق -
Open Access Article
273 - بررسی نقش بهبود دهنده کلرید کلسیم بر شاخصهای جوانهزنی بذر و رشد اولیه گیاهچه ذرت تحت تنش شوری ناشی از NaCl
یوسف قاضی خانلو ثانی حمید باقری خلیل جمشیدی -
Open Access Article
274 - مقایسه ویژگیهای جوانهزنی در اکوتیپهای مختلف زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.) تحتسطوح مختلف تنش شوری
هادی زارع خورمیزی آناهیتا رشتیان -
Open Access Article
275 - تاثیر سطوح مختلف شوری بر جوانهزنی و بازیابی بذر سه گونه مرتعی استان مرکزی (Salsola rigida, Kochia prostrata, Eurotia ceratoides)
معصومه سبزی حمیدرضا ناصری حسین آذرنیوند محمد جعفری -
Open Access Article
276 - تأثیر نانوذرات نقره بر ویژگیهای جوانهزنی بذر گونه (Taverniera cuneifolia) تحت تنش شوری
مهدی خیریان پور قاسم دیانتی تیلکی فاطمه الوانی -
Open Access Article
277 - The Effects of Rapid Caspian Sea-Level Fluctuations on the Miankaleh Barrier Coasts
mohammad reza sarvati reza mansori manizheh ghohrodi taliThe goal of this study was to study the geomorphologic response- type models of the coastline of Miankaleh Barrier to the rapid fluctuations of the Caspian Sea. In this regard, Landsat satellite imageries (the sensor: 4, 5, 7 and 8 series), historical maps, topography m MoreThe goal of this study was to study the geomorphologic response- type models of the coastline of Miankaleh Barrier to the rapid fluctuations of the Caspian Sea. In this regard, Landsat satellite imageries (the sensor: 4, 5, 7 and 8 series), historical maps, topography maps and multiple field works have been used. Based on quantitative documentation of historical changes in shoreline position in response to natural and human variables, eight geomorphic response-types were identified for classifying barrier coasts: (1) lateral movement, (2) advance, (3) dynamic equilibrium, (4) retreat, (5) in-place narrowing, (6) landward rollover, (7) breakup, and (8) rotational instability. Long-term (decades to centuries) monitoring of shoreline position over a spatial scale of 10 to 100 km provides a scientific basis for documenting process-response relationships that shape regional coastal morphodynamics. The results show that there are the six morphological-type models in the Miankaleh barrier region based on the eight geomorphologic-type models of McBride et al, 1995; such as lateral movement, advance, retreat, in-place narrowing, breakup and rotational instability. The results indicate that the advance and retreat morphological-type models are formed in the region during the rise and fall sea levels, respectively. In-place narrowing and breakup morphological-type models appear simultaneously with the rise in sea level, and the rotational instability model also appears when the sea level is reduced in the region. The lateral movement type model has also been developed during the sea level rise and fall periods. Also, the results show that the sea level during the period of 1214-1396 has experienced six Progradation-Retrogradation stages. The assessment of the satellite imageries and statistical data on sea level fluctuations indicate that the sea level has fallen back to 1374 and has dropped by about 1.5 meters. The rate of recession and the reduction of the level of surface between 1374 until 1396 were estimated at 6.8 cm per year. Despite the fact that on a large scale, the increase in the relative sea level water along the shore of the Miankaleh barrier is one of the most important factors controlling the occurrence of various geomorphic reactions; however, the sediment supply also has a significant impact on reactions shoreline. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - ارزیابی اثرات طبیعی و انسانی انتقال آب سد گاوشان بر دشت میان دربند در استان کرمانشاه
امجد ملکی مریم رحمتی خورشیدیهدف ­این پژوهش بررسی اثرات طبیعی و­انسانی کانال انتقال آب سد گاوشان بر­دشت میان ­دربند­ در­استان کرمانشاه می­باشد. بدین منظور ­ابتدا دادههای پیزومتری سطح­آب زیرزمینی ­از­ سال­۱۳۹۲-۱۳۷٠­ ارزیابی و نقشه تغییرات سطح ایست Moreهدف ­این پژوهش بررسی اثرات طبیعی و­انسانی کانال انتقال آب سد گاوشان بر­دشت میان ­دربند­ در­استان کرمانشاه می­باشد. بدین منظور ­ابتدا دادههای پیزومتری سطح­آب زیرزمینی ­از­ سال­۱۳۹۲-۱۳۷٠­ ارزیابی و نقشه تغییرات سطح ایستابی در­ بازه­ زمانی ۲۲ ساله تهیه گردید. میزان تغییرات مورفولوژی رودخانه رازآور به واسطه­ تغییرات دبی از محل دریافت آب ­از کانال نیز با ­استفاده ­از تصاویر ماهوارهای در بازه ­زمانی مورد نظر بررسی شد. همچنین به منظور شناخت ثأثیرات انسانی احداث کانال ­از روش پرسشنامه استفاده گردید. نتایج پژوهش نشان می­دهد علی­رغم کاهش بارندگی در ­بازه فوق­ سطح آب زیرزمینی ­از سال بهره برداری از کانال(۱۳۸٤)­ در ­نقاطی ­از دشت افزایش یافته­ است. همچنین یافته­های پژوهش نشان از تغییرات شدید­ مورفولوژی رودخانه ­از­ محل دریافت آب به دلیل تغییرات زیاد دبی دارد. رشد­ وضعیت اقتصادی­، جلوگیری از مهاجرت و ­اشتغال زایی در ­منطقه نیز­ از اثرات انسانی احداث کانال بوده­ است در حالی که به علت مکانیزه نبودن سیستم آبیاری ­راندمان­ متوسط بهره­ برداری ­از ­­­آب کانال­ کمتر ­از­۳٠ ­درصد می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Identification areas susceptible to soil erosion using Fuzzy-AHP Case Study: Mahabad dam watershed
Davood Talebpoor asl Ezzatollah GhanavatiSoil erosion is always occurred as a natural event but human false interference led to accelerated soil erosion and irreversible effects. Mahabad dam watershed, due to topographic mountainous and steep slopes is very susceptibility against soil erosion. The aim of this MoreSoil erosion is always occurred as a natural event but human false interference led to accelerated soil erosion and irreversible effects. Mahabad dam watershed, due to topographic mountainous and steep slopes is very susceptibility against soil erosion. The aim of this study is to prioritize the factors affecting sediment production using fuzzy logic and AHP models and finally, generating the susceptibility mapping apron to soil erosion in Mahahbad dam watershed. At first, based on expert experiences seven factors were recognized on soil erosion including the following; slope degree, land use, time of concentration, elevation of sea, precipitation, lithology and distance to river. The susceptibility soil erosion map based on fuzzy logic and AHP models were classified in five classes. The accuracy of the erosion susceptibility map provided by the model is further checked by calculating Seed Cell Area Index (SCAI). Results show that about 102.12 km2, equivalent to 13.15% of the area has the potential to "very high" risk of erosion and sediment production, which in the sub-basins Dehbokr, Bangvyn, Qzljeh, Maraneh and Syahghol has more potential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Morphotectonic Study in Tange Boragh Basin
Abdol Majid AsadiThe axis of Mollasadra dam of x=604171 and y=3390531 at 39 zone is located near Sedeh village in Tange Boragh basin 125 km far from northwest of Shiraz.Three morphometric indices, namely the VF, Mountain Front Sinuosity and hypsometric integration Index have been measur MoreThe axis of Mollasadra dam of x=604171 and y=3390531 at 39 zone is located near Sedeh village in Tange Boragh basin 125 km far from northwest of Shiraz.Three morphometric indices, namely the VF, Mountain Front Sinuosity and hypsometric integration Index have been measured in different parts of the catchment area in order to reveal the tectonic activities. Analysis of the obtained data shows an increase of tectonics around the dam. The Mountain Front Sinuosity increases from 1.1 to 3.1.Results show the studied area is active in the view of tectonic activity and it is located at group 2 in active tectonic classify. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Hydrological assessment of watershed management on flood characteristics (Case Study: watershed upstream of the dam Vushmgir)
mahboobeh Hajibigloo محمد رشیدی آتبین محبتیEvaluation of watershed projects for future planning and management of natural resources based on operational plans. Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess the impact of watershed management practices implemented in the watershed upstream of the dam Voshmgir usi MoreEvaluation of watershed projects for future planning and management of natural resources based on operational plans. Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess the impact of watershed management practices implemented in the watershed upstream of the dam Voshmgir using hydrologic model HEC-HMS study. To determine the effect of corrective structures and biological actions taken, to simulate flood behavior for outcomes were available. Criteria for the assessment of peak flow and flood volume was determined and Values were calculated for both the pre and post watershed management. The results showed that the effect of these measures on peak discharge was not significant and on the amount of flooding, was significant at the 95% level. The hydrological response of the basin, increasing the return period flood events based on the impact of measures to reduce peak flow and flood volume decreases. The effect of the above parameters in the low return periods (2 to 10 years) who were the parameters of peak flow and flood volume 0.94 and 0.96 mode of action was determined. The reservoir volume correction factors before deposition reveals that flood control capability to have a return period of 10 years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Investigation how to establishment Vetiver Grass with the approach of controlling Sediment yield and Run-off in Rangelands (Case Study: Vaz watershed)
shabanali gholamiIn the present study, Vetiver Grass has been planted on the slopes of Gazna Sara of watershed in Nour city of Mazandaran Province in two pilots and in the different slope and directions and on five lines (on countered lines) and in the watershed of each pilot. For takin MoreIn the present study, Vetiver Grass has been planted on the slopes of Gazna Sara of watershed in Nour city of Mazandaran Province in two pilots and in the different slope and directions and on five lines (on countered lines) and in the watershed of each pilot. For taking care of plants, it was enclosure and during the summer, irrigation was performed three times. The results showed that Vetiver Grass in the pilot (1) absolutely have been deployed, but in the pilot (2) Vetiver Grass has been established in the first half of year but in the second half the plant was died due to frost in low temperature (-12C°). Therefore, the survival rate in the pilot (1) reached 90% and in the pilot (2) in the first half to 60 percent but in the second half was zero. Vetiver grass could bear the maximum and minimum temperatures (29 and -9 C°) as well as the maximum and minimum relative humidity (100 and 40%). And also it has shown consistent in soil with a PH =7.5 and EC = 794 Micro-seimenc. It's average shoot and root growth the plant in the pilot (1) in the first year was 41 and 52 cm, respectively and in the pilot (2) in the first six months was 26 and 32 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Study on land-use changes using GIS and RS techniques and . economic evaluationcompared to soil loss changes. Case study: Azad dam watershed
maarof emamgholi kaka shahedi mohamad hosein farhodi kheh bat khosraviThis study was carried out for assess changes in land-cover and land-use from 1987 to 2006 in the Azad dam watershed of Kurdistan province. For this purpose, initially using Landsat satellite images, percent of vegetation cover map was provided then by correction geomet MoreThis study was carried out for assess changes in land-cover and land-use from 1987 to 2006 in the Azad dam watershed of Kurdistan province. For this purpose, initially using Landsat satellite images, percent of vegetation cover map was provided then by correction geometric, radiometric and the season difference in imaging, the best band combination was selected and land-use maps was prepare using Maximum Similarity Likelihood algorithm and supervised classification. The overall accuracy test used to determine the accuracy of produced map. The result showed that, the area of irrigated land from 14.33% to 13.70%, dry land from 15.43% to 26.63% and poor rangelands from 24.37% to 42.17% have increased but, the average rangelands from 28.57% to 14.83% and good rangelands with shrub cover from 17.30% to 2.64% have been reduced. Also, classification accuracy in irrigation land, dry land, poor and average and good rangelands were determined 66, 74, 82, 76 and 84 percent respectively. Subsequently, the amount of soil loss and sediment yield using EPM model have been estimated that in 1987 this amount was 8.7 m3/ha/y and to 10.2 m3/ha/y for 2006 was increased. Finally, obtained results of economic estimation and occurred soil loss showed that stakeholders were damaged to 10 billion rails in the study area Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - Flood warning system established by the integrated management of hydrological and hydraulic modeling
وحید Yazdani احسان Behjati عاطفه ArfaAbstract Study more about the different points of view Hydrometolojy flood drainage systems and catchment model analysis of rainfall, runoff and flood designated area according to hydrological and hydraulic retention basins, not only financially, but also t MoreAbstract Study more about the different points of view Hydrometolojy flood drainage systems and catchment model analysis of rainfall, runoff and flood designated area according to hydrological and hydraulic retention basins, not only financially, but also the legal and the pre warning system to predict and help the decoder is represents the flooding. The purpose of this study is to provide an appropriate mechanism to establish flood warning system hydrological model HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS hydraulic model for the catchment dam is Garmi Chay. After restructuring the data in hydrological studies, flood frequency analysis, maximum a day at selected stations has been distributed to all stations, the three-parameter normal distribution. Applying the ratio of the maximum instantaneous flood peak flood one day, maximum instantaneous flood levels with return periods Garmi Chay River at the dam site Garmi Chay was calculated. The model calculations show that the contribution of the sub-basin outlet flood peak flows sub watershed is not necessarily proportional to the sub basin with high peak flows are not necessarily more effective flood basin outlet. Based on the results pre alerts dam hot tea in Group C (no more than 3 to 6 hours) floor was packed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - The effect of various concentrations salicylic acid on mitigation of sodium chloride stress in growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments of sunflower plant (Helianthus annuus L.)
Kobra MahdavianS Soil salinity is a serious environmental problem that has negative effect on plants’ growth and production. On the other hand, salicylic acid plays an essential role in preventing oxidative damage in plants by detoxifying superoxide radicals produced as a resul MoreS Soil salinity is a serious environmental problem that has negative effect on plants’ growth and production. On the other hand, salicylic acid plays an essential role in preventing oxidative damage in plants by detoxifying superoxide radicals produced as a result of salinity. In this research the effect of different concentrations of salicylic acid, sodium chloride, and interaction effects of both factors were studied on morphological and biochemical parameters in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants. NaCl concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM and salicylic acid concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM were used in the form of a factorial experiment in a complete randomized design (CRD). Results showed that salinity caused significant decrease in shoot and root length, fresh and dry weights, chlorophylls, and carotenoid of plants while in salicylic acid pre-treated plants, this reduction has been moderated. On the other hand, increasing the amount of anthocyanin, chlorophylls, and carotenoid indicated the role of salicylic acid in increasing the tolerance of this plant to sodium chloride stress. These findings suggest that salicylic acid application increases plant tolerance to sodium chloride stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - Investigation the role of nitric oxide on drought tolerance of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)
Omid SadeghipourDrought is one of the most important adverse environmental factors that limits crop production. Nitric oxide (NO) as a signaling molecule contributes in plant response to environmental stresses. Therefore, in order to investigate the effects of NO on drought tolerance o MoreDrought is one of the most important adverse environmental factors that limits crop production. Nitric oxide (NO) as a signaling molecule contributes in plant response to environmental stresses. Therefore, in order to investigate the effects of NO on drought tolerance of mung bean (cv. Partow), a field experiment was done in the south of Tehran in 2015. The study was conducted as a randomized complete block design with 9 treatments and 4 replications. In this experiment, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) solution was used as NO donor. Treatments included control, drought stress, seed treatment, foliar application at the vegetative stage, foliar application at the reproductive stage, seed treatment + foliar application at the vegetative stage, seed treatment + foliar application at the reproductive stage, foliar application at the vegetative and reproductive stages, and seed treatment + foliar application at the vegetative and reproductive stages. Results showed that due to the drought stress, antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline concentrations were increased but the relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll value, leaf area index (LAI), and seed yield decreased. However, application of SNP by further increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and proline accumulation, reduced the MDA content while improving the RWC, chlorophyll value, LAI, and eventually the seed yield under drought stress. Among SNP application treatments, seed treatment + foliar application at the vegetative and reproductive stages was the most effective, although it was not significantly difference from the other treatments including SNP foliar application at the reproductive stage. According to the findings of the study, application of NO may be recommended as a useful tool for improving drought tolerance of mung bean. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - vEvaluation of the effect of vermicompost and salinity stress on the pigments content and some biochemical characteristics of Borage (Borago Officinalis L.)
Ahmad Afkari Parvin FarajpourIn order to investigate the effects of salinity and vermicompost on the antioxidant enzymes activity and photosynthetic pigments of Borage officinalis L., a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications in 2015. The study MoreIn order to investigate the effects of salinity and vermicompost on the antioxidant enzymes activity and photosynthetic pigments of Borage officinalis L., a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications in 2015. The study treatments consist of four vermicompost levels (0, 5, 10, and 15% wt potted soil in dry weight) and four salinity levels 0 (control), 4, 8, and 12 ds/m sodium chloride. The results of analysis of variance showed a considerable influence of salinity stress and vermicompost on the activity level of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and total chlorophyll enzymes. Other results indicated that with increasing salinity, the activity level of antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic pigments increased and decreased, respectively. Also, use of vermicompost fertilizer raised the levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids significantly compared to the control. Comparison of means of the interactions between salinity stress and vermicompost showed that the maximum antioxidant enzymes activity was obtained in 15 wt % vermicompost treatment at the salinity level of 12 ds/m NaCl. Therefore, the use of vermicompost as an organic fertilizer, in addition to increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic pigments, can be a good way to reduce the negative effects of high levels of sodium and chloride ions in soils on the growth of borage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Evaluation of yield and yield components of spring rapeseed varieties in winter cultivation of different plant densities under selenium treatment
mostafa zaman fashami amir hossein shiranirad mohammad reza dadashi ali khorghamiIn order to investigate the response of yield and yield components of spring rapeseed varieties in cultivation of winter to plant density under selenium treatment, a factorial experiment was carried out in split-plot randomized complete block design with three replicati MoreIn order to investigate the response of yield and yield components of spring rapeseed varieties in cultivation of winter to plant density under selenium treatment, a factorial experiment was carried out in split-plot randomized complete block design with three replications in the Research Institute of Plant Improvement and Seeds of Karaj in crop years 2014 and 2015. Plant density at three levels (40, 60, and 80 m2) and selenium at two levels including control (non-sprayed with water) and foliar application of selenium (30 gL-1 sodium) were considered in the main plots and variety at five levels (Sarigol, Hyola 401, Jacomo, Jerome, and Dalgan) were considered as subplots. Results showed that the year, plant density, selenium, variety and plant density + year, and variety + plant density had significant effects on the on number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, seed weight, and seed yield. Dalgan variety at 40 m2 density showed the highest seed weight and its seed yield was higher than other varieties. This variety showed the highest biological yield (16622.225 kg ha-1) under 40 m2 density. Also, based on the analysis of the data the highest yield in both years was obtained in treatments including spraying selenium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - The interaction effect of sodium chloride and chromium on some physiological characteristics of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.)
Zahra Talebzadeh Rahele Rahbarian Mohabat Nadaf Hamid SobhanianThe aim of this study was to investigate interaction of sodium chloride with chromium on vegetative, and physiological traits, uptake, and accumulation of sodium and chromium in roots and shoots of portulaca oleracea. In a completely randomized design with 3 replication MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate interaction of sodium chloride with chromium on vegetative, and physiological traits, uptake, and accumulation of sodium and chromium in roots and shoots of portulaca oleracea. In a completely randomized design with 3 replications, 4 salinity levels (0, 4, 8, 12 dsm-1) using sodium chloride every 4 days through irrigation water and five levels of chromium (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 mgkg-1 of dry soil weight) were applied in a pot experiment. Different levels of chromium treatment were prepared before sowing the seeds by adding potassium dichromate to the soil. The amounts of root chromium and shoots were measured by the atomic absorption spectrometry. Sodium contents of roots and shoots, root and stem length, root diameter and surface, greenness index, transfer factor, and bioaccumulation were measured after 60 days of cultivation. Results showed that an increase in different salinity level was associated with a significant increase in sodium and chromium content of roots, shoots and bioaccumulation factor. The highest amount of chromium, sodium, and bioaccumulation factor were observed at salinity levels of 12 dsm-1 and 28 mgkg-1. The interaction between salinity and chromium was significant. With an increase in the salinity level, the amount of plant root transfer factor showed an increasing trend and with increasing chromium, the transfer factor decreased. Root length, diameter, and surface as well as stem length and greenery index showed a significant decrease in plants treated with chromium and salinity. The combined effect of high levels of chromium and salinity led to a further reduction in the concentration and accumulation of minerals compared to each stress alone. Although salinity and chromium reduced the growth of portulaca oleracea, it seems that accumulation of significant amounts of sodium and chromium in the roots, prevents their excessive transfer to the shoots and further reduction in plant growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - The effect of humic acid on growth, yield, and some physiological parameters of wheat under salinity stress
Reza Sharifi Asl Mahnaz Jasemi Manesh Mohammad Mirzaie HaydariSalinity is a major environmental stress, reducing growth and yield of a wide variety of crops all over the world. The present study assessed effects of humic acid and salinity stress on the growth and some physiological responses of wheat in a pot experiment. The layou MoreSalinity is a major environmental stress, reducing growth and yield of a wide variety of crops all over the world. The present study assessed effects of humic acid and salinity stress on the growth and some physiological responses of wheat in a pot experiment. The layout was 4×4 factorial experiment in RCBD design with salinity stress levels and humic acid concentrations as main factors in Ilam University during 2016. Treatments were the combination of four levels of salinity stress including stress-free conditions (irrigation by distilled water), and 4, 8, and 12 dS/m NaCl and four concentrations of humic acid including 0 (as a control), 50, 100, and 150 mg/l. The statistical analysis showed that salinity stress and humic acid application had significance effects on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters of the wheat plants. Salinity stress imposed negative effects on plant growth and productivity. Under salinity conditions, growth parameters and yield attribute, relative water content, and chlorophyll reduced, but electrolyte leakage and antioxidant enzyme activity increased. Application of humic acid significantly increased plant growth parameters, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activity, and decreased electrolyte leakage content. The highest salinity tolerance was obtained with 150 mg/l humic acid application. In general, results showed that the application of humic acid through affecting physiological parameters decreased adverse effects of salinity stress on the wheat plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Comparison of the effect of silicon and nano-silicon on some biochemical and photosynthetic traits of Zea mays L. under salinity stress
Mahbobeh Zarooshan Ahmad Abdilzade Hamid Reza Sadeghipour Pooyan MehrabanjoubaniSalinity stress is one of the factors that threatens the growth and yield of corn. The effects of silicon or nanosilicon on salinity alleviation have been reported in some plants. The effects of foliar application of silicon (inorganic and nanopatricle) on mitigation of MoreSalinity stress is one of the factors that threatens the growth and yield of corn. The effects of silicon or nanosilicon on salinity alleviation have been reported in some plants. The effects of foliar application of silicon (inorganic and nanopatricle) on mitigation of the effects of salinity stress on some photosynthetic and biochemical parameters were studied in corn. Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement in a pot culture. The first factor was salinity at two levels including 0 and 100 mM NaCl and the second factor was silicon at three levels including control (without silicon) and 2 mM potassium silicate and 2 mM nanosilicon (SiO2). Under salinity stress, the fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, the chlorophylls and carotenoids contents, and the amount of soluble protein decreased significantly compared to the control. In contrast, the amount of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde increased in these plants. Also, the photosyntheic rate and water use efficiency of plants decreased under salinity. The application of silicon and nanosilicon improved the growth of plants under salinity and increased the photosynthetic rate and the amount of photosynthetic pigments. In addition, severe reduction in transpiration under silicon application compared to nanosilicon resulted in the increased water use efficiency in this treatment. Silicon application also increased the activity of soluble peroxidase enzyme in plants under salinity, a result which was not observed with nanosilicon application. This resulted in a further decrease in hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation of plants under salinity treated with silicon compared to nanosilicon, which showed a further decrease in oxidative stress in this treatment. These findings indicated that stress reduction and growth improvement of the plants under salinity with silicon application were more than the treatment with nanosilicon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - Investigation of morpho-physiological responses to salinity stress in three promising hybrid genotypes of Iris (Iris germanica L.) inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi
Zahra Ziaei Maryam Dehestani-Ardakani Mostafa Shirmardi Mohammad Hosein AzimiIris germanica L. is one of the most majestic and popular perennials used in landscape. The aim of this study was comparison of salinity tolerance in three new hybrids genotypes of Iris germanica L. inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi. Treatments consisted of four levels MoreIris germanica L. is one of the most majestic and popular perennials used in landscape. The aim of this study was comparison of salinity tolerance in three new hybrids genotypes of Iris germanica L. inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi. Treatments consisted of four levels of water salinity (1, 4, 8, and 12 ds/m), three levels of mycorrhizal fungi (0, 15, and 25 g/kg) and three promising genotypes of iris (OPRC-122, OPRC-125, and OPRC-S54). Experiment was conducted based on a factorial and completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications in 2018-2019 in Ardakan University. Some morphological and physiological traits were evaluated. Application of 25 g/kg mycorrhizal fungi at 12 dS/m salinity level increased root length in OPRC122 and OPRCS54 genotypes by 83.77% and 65.38%, respectively compared with control. In OPRCS54 genotype under 8 dS/m salinity, using 25 g/kg mycorrhizal fungi increased the ratio of shoot to root fresh weights by 52.83%. Application of 15 and 25 g/kg mycorrhizal fungi at 12 dS/m salinity in OPRC122 genotype increased P uptake by 341% and 480%, respectively. The use of 15 g/kg mycorrhizal fungi in OPRC125 genotype reduced Na uptake by 32% at 12 dS/m salinity. In OPRCS54 genotype under the same level of salinity, application of 15 and 25 g/kg mycorrhiza fungi decreased sodium uptake by 63.51% and 55.24%, respectively. In general, using mycorrhizal fungi in all three genotypes at salinity level of 8 dS/m reduced the effect of salinity and increased plant yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) for phytodesalination of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and chlorine under different water salinity stresses
Sepideh Hoseini Roxana Moogouei Mehdi Borghei Zahra Abedi Mehdi RamezaniThis study was conducted to evaluate the ability to grow and reduce water salinity by quinoa and wheat plants in greenhouse and hydroponic. This research was conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with thre MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the ability to grow and reduce water salinity by quinoa and wheat plants in greenhouse and hydroponic. This research was conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included 4 salinity levels of zero (control), 5, 10 and 15 dS / m and two species of wheat and quinoa. In this study, traits such as total plant dry weight, accumulation of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and total plant chlorine and the efficiency of water uptake by plants were measured. The results of this study showed that quinoa has more ability to absorb and accumulate elements than wheat and is a plant resistant to salinity stress. The results showed that the concentrations of sodium, chlorine and magnesium per plant (5.48, 10.12 and 1.12 g for wheat and 10.76, 11.65 and 2.66 g for wheat, respectively). Absorption efficiency of sodium, chlorine and magnesium from water (12.28%, 11.30% and 20.22% for wheat and 23.12%, 14.60% and 24.79% for quinoa, respectively). The results also showed that the amount of sodium, chlorine and magnesium accumulated in the plant and the efficiency of phytodesalination of sodium, chlorine and magnesium from saline water significantly increased with increasing in salinity for both wheat and quinoa. In the case of calcium and potassium bioaccumulation and phytodesalination efficiency decreased with increasing salinity. As a result, quinoa showed a significant bioaccumulation efficiency in dry weight production, compared to wheat, so it can be considered as an alternative plant for cultivation in salinity and dry climate conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - The effect of drought stress and selenium on some morphophysiological characteristics of Dragons head (Lallemantia iberica L.)
Masoomeh Amerian Alireza zebarjadi javaneh alsadat mehrabiIn order to investigate the effect of drought stress and different levels of selenium on growth and physiological characteristics of the Dragons head (Lallemantia iberica L.), a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications MoreIn order to investigate the effect of drought stress and different levels of selenium on growth and physiological characteristics of the Dragons head (Lallemantia iberica L.), a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications at Razi University Research Greenhouse. Experimental treatments consisted of different levels of humidity levels (full irrigation, 25%, 50% and 75% field capacity) and the second factor contained different concentrations of selenium (0, 5 and 10 mg L-1 sodium selenate). Foliar application of sodium selenate was performed in two stages. According to the results, drought stress had a negative effect on stem and leaf dry weight, inflorescence fresh weight, inflorescence length and leaf relative water content. Selenium increased shoot and leaf dry weight, inflorescence length and leaf relative water content. Under drought stress, selenium increased plant height, shoot number, stem fresh weight, leaf number and leaf fresh weight. Selenium increased biological yield, inflorescence dry weight, number of flowers, seed weight per plant, 1000-seed weight and seed yield. Selenium had a positive effect on stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves. As a result, foliar application of sodium selenate can overcome drought stress and prevents reduce in seed yield. The increase in seed yield in Dragons head may be related to increase in number of flowers per inflorescence, number of seeds per plant, seed weight per plant and 1000-seed weight. Therefore, under drought stress, foliar application of sodium selenate in two stages can prevent or reduce seed yield by reducing the effects of drought stress. Therefore, foliar application of 10 mg L-1 sodium selenate is recommended to reduce the effects of drought stress on the cultivation of Dragons head. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - Effect of salicylic acid foliar application on flowering and growth characteristics of lantana (Lantana camara Linn.) under salinity stress
Maryam Dehestani-Ardakani Parisa Ghatei Ali Momenpour Jalal Gholamnezhad Zahra FakharipourLantana camara Linn. is a flowering ornamental plant belonging to family Verbenaceae. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of salicylic acid foliar application on flowering improvement and growth characteristics of lantana under salinity stress. In MoreLantana camara Linn. is a flowering ornamental plant belonging to family Verbenaceae. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of salicylic acid foliar application on flowering improvement and growth characteristics of lantana under salinity stress. In a factorial experiment and completely randomized design (CRD), three levels of SA (0, 0.5 and 1mM) and five levels of salinity (0.5, 3, 5, 7 and 9 dS.m-1) were applied. The results indicated that increasing salinity levels from 0.5 to 9 dS.m-1 significantly reduced all studied growth parameters levels, chlorophyll contents and potassium uptake. While Na+uptake, Na+/K+ and ion leakage were increased relative to control. Also, the results indicated that the salicylic acid significantly increased plant growth and physiological traits. Application of salicylic acid (0.5 mM) improved vegetative, flowering growth and nutrient uptake under salt stress. At salinity level of 9 dS m-1, application of 1mM salicylic acid increased the height of the main branch and the number of flowers by3.22 and 2.14 times, respectively, compared to the control and decreased the sodium uptake by 2.46 times. At the same level of salinity, treatment of plants by 0.5mM salicylic acid increased plant height, stem diameter, increased diameter of main branch, number of flowers and fresh weight of flowers by 70.64%, 2.15, 2.14 and 5.8 times respectively, in compare to the control. Considering that the plants maintained their vegetative growth and flowering well up to salinity level of 7dS.m-1, it seems that the lantana is able to tolerate salinity. In general, It seems that under high salinity levels, salicylic acid (0.5 mM) was the most effective treatment for mitigating the deleterious effect of salt stress in lantana plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - تجزیه ترکیبات آلی میوه دو گونه بلوط (C.A.Mey.Quercus castaneifolia و Quercus persica Jaub & Spach.) در شمال و غرب کشور و اثر روشهای آغشتگی با محلول قلیایی و آب بر کاهش میزان ترکیبات فنلی
ابراهیم غلامعلی پور علمداری مرضیه کرامت لو جواد بیات کوهسار -
Open Access Article
297 - پاسخ فیزیولوژیکی ژنوتیپهای مختلف پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum L.) در محیط شور و غیرشور
سیده سمانه موسوی خورشیدی محمد علی رضایی حسین عباسپور -
Open Access Article
298 - بررسى تاثیر تنش شوری بر میزان فعالیت برخی آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدان، محتوای سدیم و کلر برگ در هفت ژنوتیپ پنبه ((Gossypium hirsutum L.
سید جلال میرقاسمی معصومه شابدین محمد علی رضائی عمران عالیشاه -
Open Access Article
299 - بررسی توانایی سیانوباکتریISC62 Nostoc sp. در حذف فلز سنگین نیکل
زهرا مهدی پور مهروز دزفولیان ندا سلطانی افشین رجبی خرمی -
Open Access Article
300 - بررسی اثر اسیدسالیسیلیک بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی گیاه تربچه (Raphanus sativus L.) تحت شرایط تنش خشکی
مژگان قنبری محسن فرزانه علیرضا افتخاریان جهرمی -
Open Access Article
301 - The effect of salt stress and proline on some morphological, physical and phytochemical traits of leaf in three olive cultivars
Naghimeh Poury Esmail Syfe Mahdi AlizadehOlive is one of the moderately resistant plants to salinity and the amount of resistance depends on the cultivar. Therefore, this species can be used as a model to study the responses of wooden plants to salt stress. In this study, six-months-old plantlets of three oliv MoreOlive is one of the moderately resistant plants to salinity and the amount of resistance depends on the cultivar. Therefore, this species can be used as a model to study the responses of wooden plants to salt stress. In this study, six-months-old plantlets of three olive cultivars, including Arbequina, Arbosana, and Koroneiki were under salt stress through various concentrations of sodium chloride, containing 0, 50, 100, and 200 mM for five months, and sprayed with proline at 0, 100, and 200 mg/L for three times. At the end of the stress period, the number of leaves on each plant was counted; and thickness, length and width, and fresh and dry weight of the leaves were measured. Carotenoid content of leaves was determined using DMSO, total leaf phenol was measured by Folinciocalteu reagent, and glucose levels were estimated based on McCready. The results indicated that the number of leaves was decreased by increasing salinity levels and Arbosana had the greatest reduction. Koroneiki showed a significant reduction in leaf length and width at 200 mM and application of proline could not prevent this decline. The lowest fresh and dry weight was observed at 200 mM salinity. Leaf thickness was increased in the response of salt stress and the content of carotenoids reduced. Among the cultivars studied, Arbosana had the lowest total phenolic contents. Also, at salinity 200 mM, the highest and the lowest sugar content was observed in Arbosana and koroneiki, respectively. Plantlets treated with proline 200 mg/L had the highest carbohydrates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - Political-economic strategies of Umayyads and their agents towards Iranians
Ahmad abasinia hasan shadpoor mohammad salimWith the domination of the Umayyad dynasty over the political system of Islam, many Islamic values such as; Equality, justice and human dignity were ignored. The policy of the Umayyad caliphs was based on the sovereignty of the Arab people and the humiliation of other s MoreWith the domination of the Umayyad dynasty over the political system of Islam, many Islamic values such as; Equality, justice and human dignity were ignored. The policy of the Umayyad caliphs was based on the sovereignty of the Arab people and the humiliation of other subordinate nations; In such a way that they did not treat other citizens of the Islamic Caliphate fairly, except for the Arabs, who knew all the social and economic advantages. This research intends to answer the question with descriptive-analytical method, what kind of economic policies did the Umayyad caliphs use in dealing with the Iranian people and what were the consequences? The research findings indicate that the economic policies of the Umayyads based on the implementation of the policy of economic sanctions, confiscation of property of Iranian dissidents, as well as the occupation of private lands and the collection of unfair taxes that imposed great economic pressure on Iranian citizens. Therefore, in response to legal inequality and the violent and boastful policies of the caliphate, the Shuabiyah movement was formed by the Iranian element and reacted differently to the wrong practices of the caliphs in various political, social and economic dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - Moralism and deep –thoughts in the Pre Islamic Periods And The First Centuries After The Islam
زهرا خسروی ومکانیThere is the Moralism literature near the ancient nations example: Persian, Indian, Arabs, Greeks …, because they have the rich culture and wise words in their literature, particularly in their poem and prose . We have discussed the Moralism literature and deep-t MoreThere is the Moralism literature near the ancient nations example: Persian, Indian, Arabs, Greeks …, because they have the rich culture and wise words in their literature, particularly in their poem and prose . We have discussed the Moralism literature and deep-thoughts near the Arabs and Iranian. There is very wise words and moral speeches in the Arabic literature in the pre-Islamic period: for example : in the poems which composed by Zuhayr bin Abi Sulma, Labid bin Rabia , Adi bin Zayd and etc…. and in the proses which were said by Qus bin Saadah and Aktham bin Sayfi; and in the Islamic period , we see that very spiritual poems there are in the poems which were versified by Abu Al Atahiyah, Mutanabbi, Bashshar, Salih bin Abd al quddus, so we see that in this period the Iranian moral literature and wish speeches which have remained from the pre-Islamic period, from the Sasanian kings and the wisemen was translated by Moslems authors. There was the moral literature between the ancient Iranian , especially near the Sasanian period. These books were named "Andarz nameh", "Pand nameh", "Khoday nameh" and in the Islamic period, appeared the great poets and writers who paid attention to spiritual literature and composed this kind of poem and prose, example: Ferdowsi, Sanayi, Attar, Mowlavi, Nizami, Nizam al Mulk, Aunsur al maali and etc… Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - Attitudes of historians of the late Safavid (1035 AH-1135 AH) period to uprisings and riots in Iran
Nastaran Riyasvand Monirh kazemirashed Mohammad Bagher Aram Rahim shohratifardThe last century of the Safavid period, due to the weakness of the central government, led to protest revolts such as the revolt of Gharib Shah or Rostam Khan Sepahsalar and ... against the central government. Historians of this period, in addition to court affiliations MoreThe last century of the Safavid period, due to the weakness of the central government, led to protest revolts such as the revolt of Gharib Shah or Rostam Khan Sepahsalar and ... against the central government. Historians of this period, in addition to court affiliations or partisan tendencies, in addition to reporting the revolt and emphasizing the justice of the kings, have justified the causes of these revolts and in most of the reports have blamed only the rebel leaders or insurgent tribes. None of these sources provides information on the real causes of these riots as well as the analysis of their consequences. Due to the dependence of historians on the court and the structure of the bureaucracy, the ruling view is very colorful in presenting reports and explaining the causes and consequences of these protests. Accordingly, the main question in this study is what place did riots and internal conflicts have in the historiographical works of the last century of the Safavid era? The reflection of these revolts is different based on the attitude of historians and the volume of historical sources and the social and political position of historians in this period and depends on religious, religious, social, political and ... causes. The present research has been done by library data collection and content analysis.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - از راهداری تا امیری در برآمدن پادشاهی آل مظفر
دکتر محمدنبی سلیم قاسم چراغچی -
Open Access Article
306 - Analysis of uvular stop consonant in Neyriz dialect based on acoustic characteristics
Fereshte Mohamadpour Mehrzad MansouriOne of the places of articulation which most languages do not tend to produce consonant is the position of uvular. In some of the limited languages which have consonants in this place, they only have a stop consonant. In Persian, most grammarians and linguists agree to MoreOne of the places of articulation which most languages do not tend to produce consonant is the position of uvular. In some of the limited languages which have consonants in this place, they only have a stop consonant. In Persian, most grammarians and linguists agree to Standard Persian in which there is only one uvular stop. This uvular stop phoneme is a voiced uvular stop consonant has produced different allophones in different context. Nevertheless, this situation in standard Persian of some of the Persian dialects seems there are two uvular consonants. The present study tries to assess this important issue by studying the acoustic characteristics of this uvular stop consonant in Neyriz dialect. The data available in this research is dialogue speech which has been analyzed using the PRAAT software. The present study shows that in this dialect, there are two phonemes /G/ and /q/ which have been noticed in some periods of Persian language development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - The Phonological process of fortition in some dialects of Isfahan Province
Majid TameThe present study is allocated to the investigation of the phonological process of fortition in some dialects of Isfahan province. In order to accomplish this research, the data of twenty-four dialects which are common in Isfahan province, and especially in Kashan and N MoreThe present study is allocated to the investigation of the phonological process of fortition in some dialects of Isfahan province. In order to accomplish this research, the data of twenty-four dialects which are common in Isfahan province, and especially in Kashan and Natanz regions have been examined. The studied dialects are among the Central dialects of Iran. The phonological process of fortition has different types such as devoicing, stopping, insertion, gemination, etc. Different types of which are used in the studied dialects. In this research, an attempt is made to determine the types of phonological processes of fortition in some dialects of Isfahan, Kashan, and Natanz, and to determine their extent and frequency. It has been also tried to regulate in which contexts and places the fortition process takes places. The current research method is descriptive-analytical one. Some of the results of this research are: 1) The most frequent phonetic process of fortition in the examined dialects is devoicing. 2) Stopping is the second common strengthening process in these dialects. 3) The phonetic process of insertion is also a very common phenomenon in the studied dialects, and consonant insertion is more frequent than vowel insertion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - number of Phonological Processes in 15 Language Varieties of Kerman Province
alie kord zaferanloo kamboozia paria razm didehThe chief concern of this research is to analyze a number of phonological processes such as “ insertion, stopping, and spirantization” in 15 language varieties of Kerman Province such as Baft, Bardsir, Bam, Rabor, Rafsanjan, South Rudbar, Zarand, Sirjan, Sha MoreThe chief concern of this research is to analyze a number of phonological processes such as “ insertion, stopping, and spirantization” in 15 language varieties of Kerman Province such as Baft, Bardsir, Bam, Rabor, Rafsanjan, South Rudbar, Zarand, Sirjan, Shahrebabak, Kerman, Golbaf, Gougher and Meymand, based on generative phonology. Most of the mentioned varieties had written documents such as dictionary, poetical works and proverb. Also a number of articles and theses have been written about most of them, from which the required data for this research has been extracted. Additionally, if it required more data, the researchers have directly interviewed with two men and two women informants. Some of the most important results of this reaserch are mentioned here: 1. Dِِeletion of the final glottal consonant /h/, and then, if the next morpheme starts with a vowel, one the glides [j] or [w] should be inserted which this insertion between two vowels depends on the features of the second vowel. 2. In language varieties of Kerman Province glottal stop // is inserted at the beginning of the words which start with a vowel. 3. In a number of Kerman Language Varieties the continuant, uvular and voiced consonant / / is replaced with its stop pair [G] in Standard Persian at the end of a word or syllable Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - The effect of six-week resistance training with vascular obstruction on Growth hormone,Strength,Muscular endurance,power and Body fat Percentage in male bodybuilders
Salar Haghiparast Mohammad Reza Fadaei Chafythe purpose of this research was to compare the effect of resistance training with vascular obstruction on ghrowth hormone, Strength, Muscular endurance, power and body fat percentage in male bodybuilders. For this research twenty-four bodybuilders with at least two yea Morethe purpose of this research was to compare the effect of resistance training with vascular obstruction on ghrowth hormone, Strength, Muscular endurance, power and body fat percentage in male bodybuilders. For this research twenty-four bodybuilders with at least two years of training experience and the age average was 25.6 ± 1.9 years and the weight was 79.28 ± 6.28 kg and the BMI was 24.69 ± 1.8 kg / m2 were chosen and were divided into two groups;one group, resistance training with vascular obstruction and the other group, resistance training without vascular occlusion. Both groups performed an exercise program consisting of five sessions per week, two of which were dedicated to training the arm muscles for six weeks. before and after the six weeks training plan a blood test was taken from volunteers;the body fat percentage was also measured with caliper. Muscular strength and endurance were assessed using weights and bodybuilding equipment and hand muscle strength was assessed using the Madison Ball throw test with both hands forward.The results said showed that resistance training with vascular obstruction had significant effect on the muscular endurance of biceps(P=0/005) and triceps(P=0/007) but had no effect on growth hormone (P=0/607), strength(P=0/674), power(P=0/41) and body fat percentage(P=0/382). Due to the fact that increasing strength and muscle volume in bodybuilding is considered by athletes in this popular field, The use of blood flow obstruction is not recommended for athletes with experience in this sport in training design. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - An Investigation to the Factors Affecting Tourists' Satisfaction Using the Fuzzy DEMATEL Model (A Case Study: Amand Dam Residential Area)
Sevda Sirousmehr Ali MalekTourism as one of the major economic drivers of the present century is considered as a very appropriate and significant source of foreign exchange earnings in the economy of a country. In this area, the satisfaction of tourists is one of the most important competitive f MoreTourism as one of the major economic drivers of the present century is considered as a very appropriate and significant source of foreign exchange earnings in the economy of a country. In this area, the satisfaction of tourists is one of the most important competitive factors and the best indicator for ensuring the growth of future profits. By choosing the metropolis of Tabriz as the capital of Islamic tourism in 2018, a large number of tourists are expected to visit the tourist destinations in the province. Regarding this, the present study seeks to identify factors affecting the satisfaction of tourists, comparing and prioritizing these indicators with the help of fuzzy DEMATEL model and ultimately the development of the results in the recreational-tourist area of the dam of Amand. The method of this research is surveying, in tersms of type, it is descriptive analyzing and in terms of purpose, it is practical. The statistical population of this study is the experts of the Organization for Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism, Tourism Agencies and University Professors. Among these, the sample size was 24 by the Cochran sampling formula. . In this research, data collection for analysis, is through distributing the questionnaire among the experts of tourism. In Research findings show that: The most important indicator is the human resources factor. The most effected indicator is the security factor and the most effective indicator is facility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - The Destinations of Religion and the Role and Place of Expediency in Legislation
Sayyed Mohmmad Taqhi Alavi Seyedeh mahshid Miri balajorshariAccording to the opinion of justice ,the religious commandments are subject to expediencies and corruptions; as the governmental rulings are in line with the provision of social expediencies of Islamic society. Therefore, expediency at status of decree and governm MoreAccording to the opinion of justice ,the religious commandments are subject to expediencies and corruptions; as the governmental rulings are in line with the provision of social expediencies of Islamic society. Therefore, expediency at status of decree and governmental rulings has an important place in Islamic jurisprudence. All Islamic religions agree that the rulings are based on the expediencies and corruptions and actually the religion has come for attracting the expediencies of the servants and keeping the corruption away from them .From the age of genesis of religion till now by reflection on the noble verses of the Quran, the Sunnah of Innocent Ones and the actions of the Companions and Islamic jurists, this conclusion is obtained that there is a close relationship between the destinations of the religion and the words expediency and corruption. It is attempted in this article that by study and reflection on the theory of destinations of religion and its relationship with expediencies and corruptions, will attain to the analysis of cases that are placed as “ absence of legal text “ or other cases of silence of law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - Developments Occurred on al-Mawḍūāt (the Books Regarding the Forged Hadith) in Late Islamic Centuries (Between 10th to Present Centuries)
morteza salmannejad Sayed Kazem Tabatabaei pour ahmad pakatchiHadith, as the most important source of religious teachings after the Holy Quran, encounters many intentional and unintentional challenges. The issue of forging, as the most serious challenge, has been a part of the discussion of the science of hadith. The discipline of MoreHadith, as the most important source of religious teachings after the Holy Quran, encounters many intentional and unintentional challenges. The issue of forging, as the most serious challenge, has been a part of the discussion of the science of hadith. The discipline of investigating forged hadith among the Sunni scholars has been in progress from the 5th century AH to the contemporary period and many works have been written in this regard. The application of the historical approach in the analysis of what is related to the phenomenon of hadith forgery in the later centuries can show a comprehensive understanding of the developments that took in the first and middle centuries. This article deals with the changes and developments in the style of the works titled "al-Mawḍūāt" (The collection of forged hadith) in recent centuries, relying on significant works from the 10th century AH to the contemporary period. Therefore, at first, the reasons why such works continuously emerged in the Islamic world, including the cultural and political contexts in these centuries, have been discussed, and then with reference to the central discourses in this period, including "discourse of critique of baseless hadiths" and "discourse of critique of extremism in finding forged hadith process". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - Analysis and Criticism of the Views of Sunni Commentators in Different Centuries Regarding the Explanation of the Concept of Mawddat of Dhi al-Qurbá
Seddighe Amini Mohammad Reza Aram Amir TohidiThe present article is a study on the historical evolution of the view of Sunni commentators in explaining the concept of mawddat of Dhi al-Qurbá. The word mawaddat from the word wodd means to love something or someone and wish for its stability, and in the term MoreThe present article is a study on the historical evolution of the view of Sunni commentators in explaining the concept of mawddat of Dhi al-Qurbá. The word mawaddat from the word wodd means to love something or someone and wish for its stability, and in the term means intense mutual love between people, which can be praised or condemned according to its subject and is so attractive that the lover makes it easy to imitate and follow the beloved. According to Imami scholars, mawddat of Dhi al-Qurbá is a concept that, if used in connection with the Holy Prophet (pbuh), only means mawaddat and love along with following and guarding the Twelver Imams (as) and Lady Zahrāʾ (as). However, most public scholars do not accept this view and have offered other views on the concept. A careful study of the historical evolution of the views of Sunni commentators shows that in different centuries, various opinions have been expressed in explaining the concept in question to the extent that some have expressed the mawaddah and love of the Anṣār to the Prophet (pbuh) and the Quraysh and many have expressed the mawaddah of the Quraysh. They have chosen an independent vote for the Prophet (pbuh) and not being hostile to him. All this is while some have mentioned the duration towards the companions of Kisā (as), the abrogation of the verse of the duration, the duration towards the Ahl al-Bayt (as), the peace of mercy and the duration and closeness to Allah the Almighty in explaining the concept of the nearness of Dhi al-Qurbá. Accordingly, the basic discourse of this article, while referring to the semantics of related words, based on library data, expresses the views of Sunni commentators in explaining the concept and examines and critiques these views. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - شیوۀ تفسیری کنز الدقائق، اثر قمی مشهدی
زهره اخوان مقدم آسیه رعیت علی آبای -
Open Access Article
315 - بازخوانی مفهوم «سدرة المنتهی» با رویکرد گفتمانی
احمد پاکتچی -
Open Access Article
316 - دیدگاه ابوالکلام آزاد دربارۀ «ذوالقرنین» و تأثیر آراء او بر مفسران پس از خود
جمشید جلالی شیجانی -
Open Access Article
317 - The Effect of Oxidative Stress on Proteomics of Listeria monocytogenes PTCC 1297
Samaneh Kazemi Manoosh ZandehdelListeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous Gram-positive food-borne human bacterial pathogen that can cause listeriosis. This disease is fatal with a high rate of hospitalization (>90%). This study aims to determine the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on L. monocytoge MoreListeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous Gram-positive food-borne human bacterial pathogen that can cause listeriosis. This disease is fatal with a high rate of hospitalization (>90%). This study aims to determine the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on L. monocytogenes PTCC 1297 proteomics. Bacterial cells exposed to gradually increasing sub-lethal concentrations of oxidative stress: 0.06, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.5 % of H2O2. Changes in the protein profile of cells exposed to H2O2 and control (non-adapted cells) were determined by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and sodium dodecyl sulfate– polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Protein spots are visualized by staining with colloidal Coomassie Brilliant Blue. Based on the obtained results, one thousand four hundred spots were identified on the gels. Out of these points, 85 spots were reproducibly detected with the help of software and eye confirmation. After analyzing these points, 9 spots showed the most significant changes. These points had appropriate density and indicated the response of bacteria to stress conditions. It can be concluded that the structure of the proteome of L. monocytogenes PTCC 1297 changes when faced with oxidative stress. Nine protein spots on the gel were found to have substantial variations after protein spot analysis. These sites show how bacteria react under stress. Some of these spots' expressions had increased, while others had decreased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Preparation and evaluation of sodium alginate nanoparticles containing CRM197 protein by ionic gelation method
ُSamira َAghamiri Mojtaba Noofeli Hamid reza Goudarzi Parvaneh Saffarian Zahra Salehi NajafabadiDevelopment of the recombinant vaccines against infectious diseases is dependent on the identification of immunogenic antigens and vaccine delivery systems such as polymeric nanoparticles that are able to stimulate immune responses similar to or better than conventional MoreDevelopment of the recombinant vaccines against infectious diseases is dependent on the identification of immunogenic antigens and vaccine delivery systems such as polymeric nanoparticles that are able to stimulate immune responses similar to or better than conventional vaccines and reduce complications associated with traditional vaccines. At the present study, synthesis and properties of the sodium alginate nanoparticles carrying CRM197 protein as an antigen delivery system were evaluated. Synthesis of the blank optimized without protein loading and protein-containing nanoparticles was performed by ionic gelation method. After designing of the experiment (DoE) and determining the influential physicochemical factors in ideal nanoparticles synthesis; size, zeta potential, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, release pattern and FT-IR spectroscopy were investigated. The optimized nanoparticles were prepared at a concentration of 0.2% w/v sodium alginate, 0.1% w/v calcium chloride, 0.04% w/v poly-L-lysine during 45 minutes of stirring at 2000 rpm and in pH 6.5. The average nanoparticle size for blank and CRM197 loaded nanoparticles were 88 and 245 nm also zeta potential -21 and -24.2 mV, respectively. LE and LC were >80% and >20%, respectively, associated with a stable and long-term encapsulated protein release pattern from nanoparticles. Absence of local and systemic signs, as well as weight gain in the mice group studied, indicated the safety of the nanoparticles and CRM197 protein combination. Based upon the above achievements, alginate nanoparticles can be used as an antigen delivery system for targeted delivery with controlled, slow release and improved stability of recombinant diphtheria antigen (CRM197) for immunization against diphtheria disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - Evaluation of the Peak Ground Acceleration on Seismic Characteristic of Critical Slice Surface on Embankment dams
Mehdi ShirdelAbstract: Usually, safety of slip surfaces in embankment dams have been evaluated with 2 methods: peak ground acceleration increasing method and stuff resistance decreasing method are 2 main methods for evaluation of critical bound. In this research, peak ground accele MoreAbstract: Usually, safety of slip surfaces in embankment dams have been evaluated with 2 methods: peak ground acceleration increasing method and stuff resistance decreasing method are 2 main methods for evaluation of critical bound. In this research, peak ground acceleration increasing method has been used to evaluate stability safety of slip surfaces. In this method, peak ground acceleration has been increased to receiving critical bounds for parameters in time domain (for example permanent deformation, equal dynamic factor of safety, and minimum dynamic factor of safety). To evaluate the effect of this parameter, Masjed Soleiman dam has been selected for a case study. 10 Finite Element model of Masjed Soleiman dam has been constructed considering the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion for the body of the dam. The 2 earthquake records have been applied horizontally to the bedrock as the input for dynamic analysis without any change in frequency content. Results show that, in critical sliding surface on downstream, with increasing of peak ground acceleration, equal dynamic factor of safety decreased but changing of minimum dynamic factor of safety and permanent deformation have meaningful process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - Evaluation and reliability performance determination of double- curved concrete dam (Karun 4)
peyman shademan mehdi amriThis paper seeks to design and shape a method for analyzing the functional reliability of the double-arch concrete dam. The quasi-stimulation was used to analyze the characteristics of possible concrete dam under seismic loading random stimulation is calculated. Meanwhi MoreThis paper seeks to design and shape a method for analyzing the functional reliability of the double-arch concrete dam. The quasi-stimulation was used to analyze the characteristics of possible concrete dam under seismic loading random stimulation is calculated. Meanwhile, response surface methodology based on the weighted regression method, combined with the reliability, performance calculated double-arch concrete. Finally, according to data from a random sample, was considered to be the convergence and stability of this method validation and analysis. Karun 4 earthquake-prone area of high seismic risk areas and the risks of earthquakes in this area is high. Keywords: concrete dam; random times, reliability function; quasi-stimulation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Analysis of Behavior of Concrete Gravity Dams with Different Water Level Subjected to Earthquake Loading
parviz sabeti ahmad malekiThe design and evaluation of concrete gravity dams will be studied in the present study. The case study consists of a comparison between old research methods and new ones. In the present case, an analysis of concrete gravity dams with different water levels influenced b MoreThe design and evaluation of concrete gravity dams will be studied in the present study. The case study consists of a comparison between old research methods and new ones. In the present case, an analysis of concrete gravity dams with different water levels influenced by earthquake will be presented. The subject of the study is a concrete gravity dam project by Rolling Compact Concrete (R.C.C), which is to be located 30 kilometers away from the South East of Sanandaj named Jaweh. It would be the second R.C.C dam made in Iran. The data used in the study is collected from detective. One of the investigation methods is a simplified one by Chopra and Feneves, which is based on a pseudo dynamic method. The new investigation method is conducted on the basis of finite element. Abaqus and Cadam Softwares are based on finite element method as well. This essay investigates the effect of linear behavior of concrete gravity dam with different water levels on rigid and flexible foundation. Afterwards the effect of non-linear behavior of concrete gravity dam on tensil cracking will be investigated and cracking seems directions will be studied by three earthquake accelerators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - اثر پیشتیمار بذر با اکسین بر شاخصهای جوانه زنی، رشدی و رنگیزه گیاهچه تربچه (Raphanus sativus) تحت تنش شوری
سید اسماعیل موسوی حشمت امیدی سید علی لطیفی -
Open Access Article
323 - تأثیر تیمارهای زیستی بر شاخص های جوانه زنی، رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاهچه کدوی تخم کاغذی تحت تنش شوری
سید اسماعیل موسوی حشمت امیدی -
Open Access Article
324 - اثر پیشتیمار با نانوکلات آهن و پتاسیم بر جوانهزنی و رشد سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.) تحت تنش شوری
مهیا عسکری حسن نورافکن لیلا حجتی پرستو نعمتی راد -
Open Access Article
325 - اثر زمان و غلظت اسموپرایمینگ بر شاخصهای جوانهزنی سه گونه مرتعی از جنس آتریپلکس
معصومه محمدنژاد جلال محمودی محمد علی علیزاده بهرام ناصری -
Open Access Article
326 - تاثیر تنش شوری و خشکی بر خصوصیات تاثیر تنش شوری و خشکی بر خصوصیات جوانهزنی و رشدی گیاهچه جو دره (Hordeum spontaneum Koch)
سعیده عالی پور شکوفه غلامی طیبه رستمی -
Open Access Article
327 - بررسی اثر رقم بر شاخصهای جوانهزنی و رشدی گیاه کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) تحت تنش شوری
سید اسماعیل موسوی حشمت امیدی -
Open Access Article
328 - اثر اسید سالیسیلیک و اسید آسکوربیک بر القاء مقاومت گل راعی (Hypericum perforatum L.) به تنش شوری در مرحله جوانهزنی
سودا جداری قربان بدلی حسن نورافکن -
Open Access Article
329 - ارزیابی شاخص های جوانه زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه Drimia maritima L. تحت تنش شوری و دما
فاطمه برنا مختار حیدری -
Open Access Article
330 - تاثیرکلرید کلسیم در شرایط شور بر شاخصهای جوانهزنی ذرت (Zea mays L.)
سیدجلال غضنفری قدیر طاهری سعید بختیاری -
Open Access Article
331 - تأثیر اسید هیومیک بر جوانهزنی و رشد اولیه سورگوم علوفهای (Sorghum bicolor L) در شرایط تنش شوری
هادی زارع خورمیزی -
Open Access Article
332 - اثر پیشتیمار بذر با سالیسیلیک اسید بر جوانهزنی ماریتیغال تحت تنش شوری
زهرا محمودی راد حسن نورافکن -
Open Access Article
333 - تأثیر پرایمینگ نیترات پتاسیم بر ویژگیهای جوانهزنی گل سازویی (Scrophularia striata) تحت تنش شوری
حسین شریفی مقدم خدیجه احمدی -
Open Access Article
334 - پرایمینگ بذر بر مولفه های جوانهزنی گیاه مرزه (Satureja hortensis) تحت شرایط تنش خشکی و شوری
بیژن سعادتیان گودرز احمدوند فاطمه سلیمانی -
Open Access Article
335 - تأثیر پیش تیمار بذر با باکترهای محرک رشد بر شاخصهای جوانهزنی گیاه دارویی ریحان تحت تنش شوری
مهدی عقیقی شاهوردی بهنام ممیوند حجت عطایی سماق -
Open Access Article
336 - بررسی نقش بهبود دهنده کلرید کلسیم بر شاخصهای جوانهزنی بذر و رشد اولیه گیاهچه ذرت تحت تنش شوری ناشی از NaCl
یوسف قاضی خانلو ثانی حمید باقری خلیل جمشیدی -
Open Access Article
337 - مقایسه ویژگیهای جوانهزنی در اکوتیپهای مختلف زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.) تحتسطوح مختلف تنش شوری
هادی زارع خورمیزی آناهیتا رشتیان -
Open Access Article
338 - تاثیر سطوح مختلف شوری بر جوانهزنی و بازیابی بذر سه گونه مرتعی استان مرکزی (Salsola rigida, Kochia prostrata, Eurotia ceratoides)
معصومه سبزی حمیدرضا ناصری حسین آذرنیوند محمد جعفری -
Open Access Article
339 - تأثیر نانوذرات نقره بر ویژگیهای جوانهزنی بذر گونه (Taverniera cuneifolia) تحت تنش شوری
مهدی خیریان پور قاسم دیانتی تیلکی فاطمه الوانی -
Open Access Article
340 - افزایش عمرماندگاری فیله ماهی قزلآلا پوشش داده شده با فیلم کازئینات سدیم همراه با عصاره بذر چای
تکتم مستقیم حکیمه طباطبایی علیرضا رحمن -
Open Access Article
341 - بررسی اثر پلاسمای تخلیه سد دی الکتریک تک قطبی در میکروب زدائی و کیفیت پودر سیر
اشرف السادات حسینی سهیلا عبدی مریم مصلحی شاد -
Open Access Article
342 - تاثیر فرآیند ریزپوشانی با استفاده از خشک کن انجمادی بر خصوصیات فیزیکی، شیمیایی و آنتی اکسیدانی اسانس گلپر
پروین شرایعی ریحانه احمدزاده قویدل حسین بادفرسا -
Open Access Article
343 - Evaluation of Replacing Sodium Nitrate With Lutein Extract and Pistacia Atlantica Essential Oil in Chicken 40% Sausage
Bahram Bagheri Mohammad Shokrzadeh Leila Nateghi Alireza Maleki Kahki -
Open Access Article
344 - Evaluation Possibility of Replacing Sodium Nitrate with Crocin Pigments and Essential Paprika in Holland Sausage (70% Chicken) and Its Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Sensory Properties
Sepideh Soltani Leila Nateghi Kian Pahlevan Afshari -
Open Access Article
345 - Evaluation of Physicochemical and Microbial Properties of Fresh Tukey Meat Containing Sodium Lactate Stored in Different Types of Multilayer Pouches and Modified Atmosphere
Nazanin Zand Orang Eyvaz Zadeh Farnaz Kalantari -
Open Access Article
346 - بررسى رفتار فازی و ویژگی های رئولوژیکی مخلوط کازئینات سدیم – نشاسته گندم
فرزاد صادقی رسول کدخدایی بهاره عمادزاده -
Open Access Article
347 - بررسی امکان استفاده از نشاسته اصلاح شده سدیم اکتینیل سوکسینات (E1450) بعنوان جایگزین تخم مرغ در سس مایونز
نوشین قربانیان لیلا نوری -
Open Access Article
348 - اثر کاربرد صمغ کتیرا و آلژینات سدیم بر خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی و حسی نان بروتچن
لیلا ناطقی -
Open Access Article
349 - Effect of sodium alginat and cinnamon essential oil on shelf life of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets in refrigerated storage
الهام آل طیب لاله رومیانی منصوره قائنیIn this study was conducted to investigate the effect of sodium alginate and cinnamon essential oils on shelf life of fillets of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets in refrigerated storage. Fish fillets were treated in sodium alginate (control) and sodium MoreIn this study was conducted to investigate the effect of sodium alginate and cinnamon essential oils on shelf life of fillets of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets in refrigerated storage. Fish fillets were treated in sodium alginate (control) and sodium alginate treatments containing 0.5, 1 and 1.5% cinnamon oil in order to achieve the best percentage of oil and each with 3 replicates were prepared. Chemical (TBA, TVB-N, pH, PV), microbial (TVC) factors and organoleptic characteristics at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 day were evaluated. Results showed that with increasing storage time, the pH of the treatments studied had no significant difference (P> 0.05).In all treatments, PV value from the limited level (10-20 mEq/ kg lipid) not higher. Changes of TBA in 1.5% essential oil of cinnamon coated fillet were less than other treatments (P< 0.05). In all treatments, TVB-N values was showed significant different (P< 0.05) on the 9th, 15th and 20th. TVC counts were not higher than 7 log cfu/ g in 1 and 1.5 % treatments of essential oil. Sensory characteristics of treatments were not acceptable on 20th day. The results showed that sodium alginate coating contains essential oils of cinnamon in silver carp fillets during refrigerated storage at 1.5 % cinnamon essential oil treatments was 15 days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - Study of antibacterial effects of barberry root (Berberis vulgaris) and fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare) extracts individually and combined with nisin and sodium diacetate on Yersinia enterocolitica
Maryam Ekhtelat Reyhaneh Mohammadi Didargahi Forough Namjoyan Abdolghani AmeriDue to the synthetic and chemical nature of antibiotics and the phenomenon of body resistance against them, using herbal compounds to cure infections and diseases are being noticed a lot, today. In this study, extracting the herbs was done by soaking in 80% ethanol. Ber MoreDue to the synthetic and chemical nature of antibiotics and the phenomenon of body resistance against them, using herbal compounds to cure infections and diseases are being noticed a lot, today. In this study, extracting the herbs was done by soaking in 80% ethanol. Berberis Vulgaris (Barberry root)by HPTLC and Foeniculum vulgare (F. vulgare). Mill (Fennel seed)by GC/MS methods were analyzed. Disk diffusion and micro dilution methods were used to detection of the antibacterial effect in triplicate. Minimal of inhibitory concentration (MIC) between the antibacterial effects of Berberis vulgaris (B. vulgaris) and F. vulgare Mill extracts individually and combined with nisin and sodium diacetate showed a significant difference against Yersinia enterocolitica. Among the studied factors, nisin had the most antibacterial effect and followed by the extract of B. vulgaris and F. vulgare Mill respectively. The antibacterial effect of sodium diacetate against Y. enterocolitica was the lowest. These results were almost consistent with those achieved by disk diffusion method. Our results indicated that MIC of sodium diacetate and nisin combined with the extracts of B. vulgaris and F. vulgare mill had a remarkable decrease compared to each one's effect individually (P<0.05). Results were similar about minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), which showed simultaneous usage of sodium diacetate with these extracts can decrease the use of sodium diacetate a lonely and its complications. Moreover, combined consumption of extracts with nisin decreases the use of the extracts and the resultant organoleptic changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - Effects of sodium azide, temperature and incubation time on the production of carotenoid pigments from Micrococcus roseus
mahmud yolmeh morteza khamiri ezatollah ghaemi sanaz ramazanpoor mohamad ghorbaniPigment production from microorganisms is more advantageous than other biological resources such as plants. To date, a research on the effect of chemical mutagens on the production of carotenoid pigments from Micrococcus roseus has not been done. Hence, the aim of this MorePigment production from microorganisms is more advantageous than other biological resources such as plants. To date, a research on the effect of chemical mutagens on the production of carotenoid pigments from Micrococcus roseus has not been done. Hence, the aim of this study was to optimize the production of carotenoid pigments from M. roseus treated with sodium azide. Carotenoid production from M. roseus was significantly increased at the presence of sodium azide mutagen. However, the production of total carotenoid (TC) and biomass dried weight (BDW) from M. roseus was reduced at the presence of high concentrations of sodium azide and high effect duration of sodium azide. Concentration of sodium azide and its treatment duration time had the greatest effect on the pigment production from M. roseus under treatment with sodium azide. Sodium azide concentration of 94.95 µg/L, treatment duration of 13.23 min, incubation temperature of 25.91 °C, and incubation time of 87.87 h were found as the optimum condition for the production pigment from M. roseus under treatment with sodium azide. At this optimum conditions, amount of responses was measured 7.61 mg/L and 8.36 g/L for TC and BDW, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Bactericidal effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on some foodborne pathogens in ambient and refrigerator temperature
Siavash Maktabi Mehdi Zarei Roya RostamiSodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is one of the strong alkaline sulfates germicidal which is used in health and beauty purposes. In this study, the effect of minimum bactericidal concentration of SDS on 4 major foodborne pathogens including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi MoreSodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is one of the strong alkaline sulfates germicidal which is used in health and beauty purposes. In this study, the effect of minimum bactericidal concentration of SDS on 4 major foodborne pathogens including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in normal saline was studied. Different concentration of SDS was made and based on standard methods the level of MIC and MBC for all strains was measured. Then the least bactericidal concentration of SDS on viability of strains in 4 and 25°C in different time's periods was studied. MIC and MBC results showed that E. coli and S. typhimurium have a similar sensitivity to SDS; meanwhile L. monocytogenes is so sensitive to SDS among the studied strains. The rate of viability of the strains is much higher in cold condition than in ambient temperature. SDS has an effective role in reducing the population of studied bacteria in different temperatures and time. Raising the temperature increases the antibacterial effect of the SDS. Also Listeria monocytogenes is very more sensitive to SDS in comparison to other studied bacteria. So according to the results of the study, sodium dodecyl sulfate could be useful for reducing population of pathogenic bacteria especially Listeria monocytogenes on surfaces, foodstuffs and equipment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - Evaluation of the effect of Satureja sahendica hydroalcoholic extract and Trisodium Phosphate on biofilm formation of Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from poultry
Mina Ahmadpour Mohammad Hosein Movassagh Somayeh HosseinzadehSalmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is one of the most important worldwide public health concerns capable of forming biofilms on food contact surfaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of Satureja sahendica hydroalcoh MoreSalmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is one of the most important worldwide public health concerns capable of forming biofilms on food contact surfaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of Satureja sahendica hydroalcoholic extract (SSHE) and Trisodium Phosphate (TSP) against S. Typhimurium (n= 20) isolated from poultry. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined using the microdilution broth method. To evaluate the anti-biofilm effects, the isolates were treated with inhibitory and sub-inhibitory concentrations of both substances and after 24 hours, the biofilm formation was evaluated. According to the results, the MICs of SSHE and TSP against S. Typhimurium isolates were ranged from 1.25-10 and 5-80 mg ml-1, respectively. Also, MBCs value of SSHE and TSP were varied against isolates and were ranging from 40-160> and 80-160> mg ml-1, respectively. The results of statistical analysis showed that both of SSHE and TSP significantly reduced biofilm formation in S. Typhimurium compared to the control group (p <0.05). Also, the statistical results showed that SSEH reduces the rate of biofilm formation more than TSP (p <0.05). According to these results, SSHE can be a suitable alternative to chemicals such as TSP in the food industry to reduce bacterial contamination. However, its application requires further studies to determine its safety and toxicity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - The failure of Egypt’s Rulers in Political and Economic Development on the Basis of Authoritarian Bureaucratic and Dependent Development Model (1980-2011)
Mohammad Kazem Kaveh PishghadamThe cause of recent revolution in Egypt is examined from different viewpoints. The present article studies the development model used in Egypt in the past thirty years. It first explains the authoritarian bureaucratic theoretical framework and then it adjusts these feat MoreThe cause of recent revolution in Egypt is examined from different viewpoints. The present article studies the development model used in Egypt in the past thirty years. It first explains the authoritarian bureaucratic theoretical framework and then it adjusts these features with the structure of political economy of Egypt during Mubarak and it comes to the conclusion that the model used for political and social development of Egypt had been unsuccessful and the failure of such method has led to crisis and recent revolution in Egypt. The theoretical framework of the study is based on comparative model and Guillermo O'Donnell method and dependent development on the basis of Evans Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - احداث سد در بزرگترین تمدن هیدرولیکی دنیای باستان
حسین علیزاده حسن درخشی -
Open Access Article
356 - عصر یخبندان کوچک و تاثیر احتمالی آن بر الگوی اسکان کوچ نشینان دوره اسلامی متاخر شمال خوزستان
مصطفی عبداللهی داریوش نوراللهی افراسیاب گراوند -
Open Access Article
357 - معرفی سد هخامنشی تنگ آسیاب ارسنجان
حمیدرضا کرمی -
Open Access Article
358 - .
maryam barzegar samira safari -
Open Access Article
359 - تأثیر بهینهسازی سمزدایی تفاله پرس شده آرگان (آرگانیا اسپینوسا) روی کیفیت تغذیهای و سطوح ساپونین
ن. لکرام ی. ان-ناهیل ف.ز. زهیر س. موتیک ر. کبور ا.ح. المعادودی م. بندائو ا. الحسنی م. نصیریاستفاده از تفاله پرس شده آرگانیا اسپینوسا برای تغذیه دامهای اهلی به دلیل وجود ساپونینها محدود شده است، که طعم آن را برای دامها بسیار تلخ و بد مزه میسازد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی یک روش سمزدایی کاهش دهنده سطوح ساپونین تفاله پرس شده و چگونگی تأثیر آن بر محتوای مواد Moreاستفاده از تفاله پرس شده آرگانیا اسپینوسا برای تغذیه دامهای اهلی به دلیل وجود ساپونینها محدود شده است، که طعم آن را برای دامها بسیار تلخ و بد مزه میسازد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارزیابی یک روش سمزدایی کاهش دهنده سطوح ساپونین تفاله پرس شده و چگونگی تأثیر آن بر محتوای مواد مغذی انجام شد. روششناسی پاسخ سطحی استفاده شده در این پژوهش شامل کوبیدن تفاله پرس شده آرگان و در معرض خیساندن و جوشاندن آن در 3 واسطه: آب مقطر، محلول سدیم بیکربنات در غلظتهای متفاوت (02/0، 01/1 و 2 درصد)، و محلول اسید سیتریک در غلظتهای متفاوت (10/0، 05/1 و 2 درصد) بود؛ نسبتهای مربوطه از تفاله پرس شده آرگان برای خیساندن و جوشاندن در نسبتهای 1:5، 5/12: 1 و 1:20 (w/v، g/mL) فیکس شدند؛ زمانهای انتخاب شده نسبتهای مربوطه 1، 24 و 48 ساعت بودند؛ دماهای جوشاندن انتخاب شده به ترتیب 40، 80 و 120 درجه سلسیوس بودند؛ و زمانهای جوشاندن به ترتیب، 10، 25 و 40 دقیقه بودند. آزمایشات نشان دادند که خیساندن در واسطههای اسیدی و بازی به طور مؤثرتری ساپونین را با میانگینهای 93 و 86 درصد به ترتیب، نسبت به خیساندن در آب مقطر را کاهش میدهد (30 درصد)، اگرچه ما کاهشهای متوسط معنیداری در میان محلولهای جوشاندن مشاهده کردیم. محتوای تغذیهای تفاله پرس شده آرگان تیمار شده با تیمارهای متفاوت نسبت به غیر تیمار شدهها کمتر کاهش پیدا کرد، پروتئین خام تفاله پرس شده آرگان غیر سمزدایی شده در مقایسه با سمزدایی شده که دامنهای بین 40 تا 47 درصد داشت 48 درصد بود. بنابراین، کاهش سطوح ساپونین، تفاله پرس شده آرگان را برای دامها اشتها آورتر خواهد ساخت و ممکن است سوء تغذیه پروتئینی، یک مشکل بزرگ تغذیه حیوانی در مراکش را کاهش دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - اثرات کود سدیمی و آفلاتوکسین B1 بر وزن بدن جوجههای گوشتی
م. اسکالیکا ب. کورنکوواهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر محافظتی کود طبیعی جاذب سدیم (HuNa) در جیره بر پیشگیری از اثر سمیت آفلاتوکسین B1 (AFB1) در جوجه­های گوشتی بود. 72 جوجه گوشتی آمیخته هایبرو به صورت تصادفی در 4 گروه تقسیم شدند: گروه کنترل (G1) و سه گروه آزمایشی (G2 تا G4) با افزودن HuNa (G2 Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر محافظتی کود طبیعی جاذب سدیم (HuNa) در جیره بر پیشگیری از اثر سمیت آفلاتوکسین B1 (AFB1) در جوجه­های گوشتی بود. 72 جوجه گوشتی آمیخته هایبرو به صورت تصادفی در 4 گروه تقسیم شدند: گروه کنترل (G1) و سه گروه آزمایشی (G2 تا G4) با افزودن HuNa (G2)، تنها AFB1 (G3) و HuNa و AFB1 (G4). HuNa به مخلوط خوراک کامل برای جوجه­ها افزوده شد (با نسبت 1 گرم HuNa در هر 100 گرم مخلوط خوراک). AFB1 نیز با غلظت 25 میکروگرم در هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن افزوده گردید. پارامترهای ارزیابی شده عبارت از وزن بدن و سطوح سرمی آلکالین فسفاتاز (ALP) بود. AFB1 و HuNa برای جوجه­های گوشتی از 28 روزگی به کار گرفته شدند. کاهش معنی­دار آماری در فعالیت ALP (05/0>P) در گروه G3 در مقایسه با گروه G1 جوجه­های گوشتی از 42 تا 56 روزگی به بعد مشاهده شد. ولی افزایش معنی­دار آماری در فعالیت ALP (05/0>P) در گروه G4 در مقایسه با گروه G1 مشاهده گردید. وزن بدن جوجه­های گوشتی پس از قرار گرفتن در معرض AFB1 (G3) در مقایسه با شاهد (G1) حدود 180 گرم پایین­تر بود. همچنین افزودن HuNa سبب افزایش وزن بدن جوجه­های گوشتی تا حدود 67/26 گرم در انتهای آزمایش در مقایسه با گروه شاهد گردید. افزایش معنی­دار آماری (05/0>P) در وزن بدن برای گروه G3 و G4 در سن 56 روزگی در مقایسه با سن 28 روزگی ثبت گردید. نتایج این آزمایش نشان می­دهند که HuNa اثر مثبتی بر رشد جوجه­های گوشتی داشته و می­تواند یک افزودنی طبیعی مناسب برای رشد جوجه­های گوشتی در برابر اثرات زیان­آور آفلاتوکسین­ها باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - تأثیر بنتونیت سدیم بر فراسنجههای خونی، قابلیت هضم خوراک و فراسنجههای تخمیری شکمبه گوسفندان نر بلوچی تغذیه شده با جیره آلوده به دیازینون
م.ه. اعظمی ع.م. طهماسبی و. فروهر ع.ع. ناصریانبه علت استفاده بیش از حد آفتکش­ها به منظور تأمین تقاضای بالای خوراک، بقایای آنها در خوراک دام­ها زیاد شده است. یافتن راهبردی جدید جهت کاهش آثار مضر آفتکش­ها کاملاً ضروری به نظر می­رسد. بنابراین وارسی آثار بنتونیت سدیم بر فراسنجه­های خونی، قابلیت هض Moreبه علت استفاده بیش از حد آفتکش­ها به منظور تأمین تقاضای بالای خوراک، بقایای آنها در خوراک دام­ها زیاد شده است. یافتن راهبردی جدید جهت کاهش آثار مضر آفتکش­ها کاملاً ضروری به نظر می­رسد. بنابراین وارسی آثار بنتونیت سدیم بر فراسنجه­های خونی، قابلیت هضم خوراک و فراسنجه­های تخمیری شکمبه در گوسفندان تغذیه شده با خوراک آلوده به دیازینون (آفتکش ارگانوفسفره) هدف این مطالعه بود. 8 گوسفند نر بلوچی (2±40 کیلوگرم) به یک طرح آزمایشی فاکتوریل 2 × 2 با چهار دوره 21 روزه، اختصاص داده شدند. تیمارها شامل: جیره شاهد، جیره شاهد به همراه 4 درصد بنتونیت سدیم، جیره شاهد به همراه 21 ppm آفتکش دیازینون و جیره شاهد به همراه 4 درصد بنتونیت سدیم و 21 ppm آفتکش دیازینون بودند. قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، پروتئین خام، NDF و ADF تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت (05/0>P). بنتونیت سدیم نوسانات اسیدیته شکمبه را پس از مصرف خوراک کاهش داد. سطح نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه تیمارهای مختلف قبل از خوراکدهی مشابه بود اما 3 و 6 ساعت پس از مصرف خوراک سطح نیتروژن آمونیاکی به طور معنیداری در گروهی که خوراک آلوده به دیازینون مصرف کردند بیشتر بود (05/0>P). هموگلوبین، شمار سلول­های سفید و هماتوکریت تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفتند اما شمار گلبول­های قرمز و فعالیت آنزیم استیل کولین استراز به طور معنیداری در جیره­های حاوی آفتکش کاسته شد (05/0>P). نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که استفاده از سدیم بنتونیت به عنوان یک جاذب برای کاهش اثرات منفی دیازینون بر نوسانات اسیدیته و فعالیت آنزیم استیل کولین استراز مؤثر است. علاوه بر این اثری بر هموگلوبین، شمار گلبول­های سفید، هماتوکریت و قابلیت هضم مواد مغذی خوراک ندارد. بنابراین بنتونیت سدیم می­تواند به عنوان یک جاذب مؤثر دیازینون در جیره گوسفندان استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - اثر متقابل فورمایسین® گلد و رنگدانه روی کیفیت تخم مرغ و عملکرد مرغان تخمگذار
ح. کرمانشاهی م. پیلهور م. اعمی-ازغدیبنتونیت سدیم از طریق ایجاد باند با رنگدانه­های خوراکی سبب کاهش شاخص رنگ زرده می­شود. از آنجاییکه بنتونیت سدیم یکی از اجزاء اصلی ماده تجاری فورمایسین® گلد است، در این پژوهش تأثیر سطوح مختلف فورمایسین و رنگدانههای خوراکی بر روی کیفیت تخم مرغ، رنگ زرده تخم مرغ Moreبنتونیت سدیم از طریق ایجاد باند با رنگدانه­های خوراکی سبب کاهش شاخص رنگ زرده می­شود. از آنجاییکه بنتونیت سدیم یکی از اجزاء اصلی ماده تجاری فورمایسین® گلد است، در این پژوهش تأثیر سطوح مختلف فورمایسین و رنگدانههای خوراکی بر روی کیفیت تخم مرغ، رنگ زرده تخم مرغ و عملکرد مرغان تخمگذار در سن 26 تا 34 هفته مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. تعداد 192 قطعه مرغ نژادهای لاین 36- Wبه طور تصادفی به 24 گروه با 8 قطعه در هر کدام تقسیم شدند. دو سطح رنگدانه (0 و 4/0 گرم در کیلوگرم) و سه سطح فورمایسین (0، 1 و 2 گرم در کیلوگرم) به روش طرح کاملاً تصادفی در قالب آزمایشات فاکتوریل (2×3) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. میزان مصرف خوراک، وزن بدن، ضریب تبدیل تخم مرغ و میزان تولید تخم ­مرغ در پایان هفته­های 28، 30، 32 و 34 اندازه­گیری شد. ویژگی­های کیفی تخم ­مرغ شامل وزن، وزن مخصوص، شاخص رنگ زرده، درصد وزن و ضخامت پوسته هر دو هفته یکبار ثبت گردید. فورمایسین® گلد و رنگدانه تأثیری بر روی عملکرد مرغان تخمگذار در کل دوره آزمایش نداشت. وزن و ضخامت پوسته در پرندگانی که از جیره حاوی 4/0 گرم در کیلوگرم رنگدانه استفاده کرده بودند در هفته­های 29 و 30 افزایش یافت. تولید روزانه تخم مرغ تحت تأثیر هیچ یک از تیمارها قرار نگرفت. تیمارهای آزمایشی حاوی فورمایسین و رنگدانه به جز در هفته­های 29 و 30 تأثیری بر روی وزن مخصوص نداشتند. صرف نظر از سطوح افزوده شده فورمایسین، شاخص رنگ زرده در پرندگان تغذیه شده با سطوح مختلف رنگدانه به طور معنی ­داری بهبود پیدا کرد. به نظر می­رسد با کاهش میزان بنتونیت موجود در فورمایسین®گلد می­توان از این محصول در جیره مرغان تخمگذار بدون هیچگونه اثرات مضر بر روی عملکرد تولید، کیفیت تخم­ مرغ و رنگ زرده استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - ارزیابی شاخص های خونی و ایمنی هومورال مرغ های تخمگذار تجاری تغذیه شده با جیره های حاوی کنجاله پنبه دانه و بنتونیت سدیم
A. Gilani ح. کرمانشاهی ا. گلیان ع. طهماسبی م. اعمی ازغدیهدف این تحقیق ارزیابی اثرات کنجاله پنبه­دانه عمل­آوری شده با بنتونیت سدیم بر برخی ترکیبات خونی و پاسخ ایمنی مرغ­های تخمگذار تجاری بود. این پژوهش بهصورت ترتیب فاکتوریل 3 × 3 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه سطح 0، 1 و 2 درصد بنتونیت سدیم و سه سطح 0، 10 Moreهدف این تحقیق ارزیابی اثرات کنجاله پنبه­دانه عمل­آوری شده با بنتونیت سدیم بر برخی ترکیبات خونی و پاسخ ایمنی مرغ­های تخمگذار تجاری بود. این پژوهش بهصورت ترتیب فاکتوریل 3 × 3 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه سطح 0، 1 و 2 درصد بنتونیت سدیم و سه سطح 0، 10 و 20 درصد کنجاله پنبه­دانه در جیره انجام شد. این آزمایش با 9 تیمار و 4 تکرار 8 قطعه­ای مرغ تخمگذار هایلاین واریته 36W- از سن51 تا 63 هفتگی اجرا شد. نمونه­های خونی برای آنالیز سلول­ها و ترکیبات در انتهای دوره از سیاهرگ بال به­دست آمدند. بنتونیت سدیم، کنجاله پنبه­دانه و اثر متقابل آنها تاثیر منفی بر سلول­ها و ترکیبات خونی نداشتند. گلبول قرمز گوسفند بهعنوان آنتی­ژن برای سنجش پاسخ ایمنی استفاده شد که به دو پرنده از هر تکرار در 60 هفتگی تزریق شد. نمونه­های خونی 7 و 14 روز پس از تزریق گلبول­های قرمز گوسفند از هر مرغ گرفته شده و تیتر anti-SRBC،IgG وIgM تعیین شدند. هیچ اثر معنی­داری از بنتونیت سدیم، کنجاله پنبه­دانه و اثر متقابل آنها بر کل پادتن تولیدی بر ضد گلبول­های قرمز گوسفند مشاهده نشد، اما IgG با استفاده از میزان20 درصد کنجاله پنبه­دانه در جیره در روز 7 پس از تزریق و با 2 درصد بنتونیت سدیم در 14 روز پس از تزریق به طور معنی­داری افزایش یافت. میزان IgG در مورد اثرات متقابل نیز در تیمار حاوی 2 درصد بنتونیت سدیم و 20 درصد کنجاله پنبه­دانه در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد 14 روز پس از تزریق به طور معنی­داری افزایش یافت. در نتیجه، ترکیبات خونی به­طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر جیره­های آزمایشی قرار نگرفتند، اما پاسخ ایمنی تغییر کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Locating Suitable Sites for Building underground Dam using AHP Multi-criteria Decision Making Method
Farid Dorfeshan Mohammad Heidarnejad Amin Bordbar Hassan DaneshianUse of underground dams can be beneficial for optimal expansion and utilization of water and also for underground water storage. Considering the prevailing conditions in the region of Andika in Khuzestan Province, building underground dams may be an appropriate strategy MoreUse of underground dams can be beneficial for optimal expansion and utilization of water and also for underground water storage. Considering the prevailing conditions in the region of Andika in Khuzestan Province, building underground dams may be an appropriate strategy to offset water shortage during the dry months of the year because construction of such dams in this region entails low costs and the dams will have acceptable efficiency. Many criteria and factors with different degrees of importance are involved in locating underground damsites. Therefore, synchronization of the geographic information system (because of its high capability in analyzing spatial data) and analytic hierarchy process was used to study and apply the role played by each of the mentioned factors (while considering the degrees of their influence in selecting the suitable sites), and the desired results were obtained. The present research used a decision tree that included the reservoir and economic criteria each with its own subcriteria. For the reservoir factor the four subcriteria of slope, hydraulic conductivity, effective porosity, and permeability of dam foundations and for the economic factor the two subcriteria of damsite and its distance from the water use location were considered. Twenty seven sites were initially selected to determine dam axes at the desired sites. The positions of the selected sites were then considered on the map and the spatial priorities of 15 sites were introduced. Finally, the storage volume of each proposed priority was calculated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - Estimation of evaporation from Dez regulatory dam station pan using artificial neural network
mehdi najafvand derikvandi hossein eslamiMore rainfall in arid and semi-arid just evaporate into the atmosphere and so estimates the amount of water vapor in the water cycle will be important. Evaporation is dependent on various parameters and to its estimate needs for a different climate variables and the int MoreMore rainfall in arid and semi-arid just evaporate into the atmosphere and so estimates the amount of water vapor in the water cycle will be important. Evaporation is dependent on various parameters and to its estimate needs for a different climate variables and the interaction of these variables is very complex, so it must be accurate methods to be used in the evaporation study. In this study, artificial neural networks were used to estimate the pan evaporation of Dez regulating dam station. As ANN hyperbolic tangent function and the learning momentum was used. Multilayer Perceptron structure which used a network of six input neurons, three hidden layer and an output neuron was formed. Input layers include maximum temperature, minimum temperature, sunshine hours, average wind speed, relative humidity and an average rate of evaporation from water surface to the output layer. The relationship between climatic factors showed that the average temperature on the surface evaporation caused more than sunshine and wind speed. High coefficient of determination (92/0) between the actual data with simulated data with artificial neural network plus a small error (RMSE = 1.41) showed that the estimate accuracy is very high. Verification by t-test revealed no significant (P> 0.01) differences were between actual and estimated values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Empirical methods Comparison of estimation evaporation From Free Water Surface (Case Study: Dez Regulatory Dam)
Mehdi Najafvand Derikvandi Hossein EslamiEvaporation is an important factor in the management of water resources and accurate calculation can be effective strategies to mitigate the effects of drought and implemented in order to protect water resources. Due to lack of evaporation stations and lack of adequate MoreEvaporation is an important factor in the management of water resources and accurate calculation can be effective strategies to mitigate the effects of drought and implemented in order to protect water resources. Due to lack of evaporation stations and lack of adequate data, empirical methods can be used to estimate evaporation from water surface. In this study, evaporation estimated using 10-year data of Dez adjustment dam station and empirical methods of Mayer, Marciano, Shahtin, Hefner, Ivanof, Tichomirof and USBR and the estimated evaporation compared with pan evaporation values. Based on the R2 and RSME statistics, empirical methods were evaluated. The results showed that the relationship Mayer (R2 = 0.886, RMSE = 1.53) than other experimental methods is more accurate. The USBR equation (R2 = 0.91, RMSE = 1.967) lie in next rank and also a significant difference (P> 0.01) is not seen between actual and estimated values in two ways. Tichomirof method due to significant error (RMSE = 8.152) and lower fitted to actual data (R2 = 0.33) is the lack of credibility and Hefner, Marciano, Ivanof and Shahtin with a determination coefficient equal to 0.548, 0.534, 0.639 and 0.664 have modest validity and reliability for estimating the amount of evaporation from water surface. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Utilization of Artificial Neural Networks for Determining the Overflow Discharge of Marun Dam
Ebrahim Nohani valiolah partovi ziaFor more accurate measurement of the water flow, it has been always attempted to design structures with least errors and highest accuracy. Nowadays, the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) models has been rapidly grew mainly due to the fact that these models are not MoreFor more accurate measurement of the water flow, it has been always attempted to design structures with least errors and highest accuracy. Nowadays, the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) models has been rapidly grew mainly due to the fact that these models are not confined to the physical parameters. Artificial neural networks are based on use of embedded knowledge between input and output variables of a problem, regardless of physical aspects and these networks are able to extract inherent relation of the input and output and they can generalize the obtained relation to other situations and cases. In the present research, the information related to the overflow of Marun Storage Dam was adopted. The input parameters of ANN model are as follows: day, month, water surface elevation, water sharing percent and output parameters overflow discharge of storage dam. The models employed in artificial neural networks include FF, JEN, MLP and RBF. Moreover, the genetic algorithm (GA Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Evaluation and comparison of parameters due to failure of Ghare Aghach dam using Froehlich method and BREACH model
Sayyed Ali Shahrezaie Mahdi Radfa Elham Ghanbari AdiviThe dam, like other man-made structures, may fail and cause extensive damage. In the present study, the parameters resulting from the failure of Ghare Aghach dam have been evaluated. The results showed that with the Froehlich method and the failure of the peak flow over MoreThe dam, like other man-made structures, may fail and cause extensive damage. In the present study, the parameters resulting from the failure of Ghare Aghach dam have been evaluated. The results showed that with the Froehlich method and the failure of the peak flow overtopping type equivalent to 9170.4 cubic meters per second, the failure of the peak flow piping type will be equal to 2383.4 cubic meters per second. With the BREACH model and the failure of the overtopping type, the peak flow is equal to 15654.7 cubic meters per second and if the failure is of the piping type, the peak flow will be equal to 1722.3 cubic meters per second. Although the BREACH model is more accurate, However, considering that the peak flow obtained by Froehlich method is 0.9792 with the peak flow observed from the BREACH model, so it has acceptable accuracy. Failure of the overtopping dam compared to the leakage condition at the level of 2444 from the dam body has a higher peak flow and will lead to financial losses as well as more casualties in the downstream area of the dam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Study the effect of cellular dams on upstream conditions of rivers by using the HEC-RAS model (case study: Mared cellular dam on the karoon river)
Mohammadamin Gandomi sara Amirzadeh Nooredin BazgirTides are affected by complex tidal hydraulic conditions. This study is the effect of constructing an upstream cell dam of Bahmanshir on Karun river from Ahvaz hydrometric station as an upstream border to Hafar three-way as a downstream model boundary. HEC-RAS model has MoreTides are affected by complex tidal hydraulic conditions. This study is the effect of constructing an upstream cell dam of Bahmanshir on Karun river from Ahvaz hydrometric station as an upstream border to Hafar three-way as a downstream model boundary. HEC-RAS model has been used to model river conditions in this research. The software output results showed that after the construction of the dam, the trend of changes in the upstream station changed drastically, so that the water level values in Ahvaz, Darkhovin, upstream of the cell dam were measured 4.5, 8, 12 meters, respectively. شد. The average flow velocities in Ahvaz, Darkhovin, upstream and downstream sections of the cell dam are 1.24, 0.87, 1.53, 1.24 m / s, respectively, and the flow velocity after construction and location of thشThis study is the effect of constructing an upstream cell-dam of Bahmanshir on Karoon river from Ahvaz hydrometric station as an upstream border to Hafar three-way as a downstream model boundary. HEC-RAS model has been used to model river conditions in this research. The software output results showed that after the construction of the dam, the trend of changes in the upstream station changed drastically, so that the water level values in Ahvaz, Darkhovin, upstream of the cell dam were measured at 4.5, 8, 12 meters, respectively. The average flow velocities in Ahvaz, Darkhovin, upstream and downstream sections of the cell dam are 1.24, 0.87, 1.53, 1.24 m / s, respectively, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Estimation of sediment produced from the middle of the field contour Karoon3 and shahid Abbaspoor Dam using model GSTARS3
Nemat allah Soltani Hooshang HasoonizadehIntroduction: Surface runoff and water flow in rivers are always accompanied by soil erosion and sediment transport. Water is one of the most important causes of erosion of the earth's crust and in its path carries materials in solution, suspended and bed load. These ma MoreIntroduction: Surface runoff and water flow in rivers are always accompanied by soil erosion and sediment transport. Water is one of the most important causes of erosion of the earth's crust and in its path carries materials in solution, suspended and bed load. These materials settle wherever the right conditions require. The presence of these substances in water is very important for drinking, industrial exploitation, agriculture, aquaculture, creating dead volume of dam reservoirs, sedimentation of canals, reducing the capacity of rivers and canals, as well as flood control. These materials are washed from the slopes and plains and cause soil erosion and poor vegetation and environmental degradation. Result: Trapping efficiency shows the percentage of sediment material entering the reservoir that settles. Trapping efficiency is a function of the ratio of tank volume to annual inlet water volume:- The volume of Shahid Abbaspour Dam reservoir has been estimated at 3 billion cubic meters according to previous studies.- According to the statistics and information of Khuzestan Water and Electricity Organization, the average discharge rate of Karun 3 dam station in the period 1977 to 1999 is equal to 359 cubic meters per second, which the average annual input volume is 11321424000 cubic meters. Therefore, the ratio of reservoir volume to annual inlet water volume is 0.26 , which by extracting the result, trapping coefficients for fine-grained, medium-grained and coarse-grained sediments are 88%, 95% and 98%, respectively, the average total trapping coefficient. 94% sediments have been obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Optimization of Taleghan Dam Reservoir Operation Using Grey Wolf Algorithm and Its Hybrid with Genetic Algorithm
ardavan davani motlagh Mohammad Sadegh Sadeghian Amir Hossein Javid Mohammad Sadegh AsgariDue to population growth, shortage and severe limitation of water resources, one of the basic steps in water management and planning is reservoir optimization. In the present study, after the introduction of the Gray Wolf optimization algorithm, the performance of this MoreDue to population growth, shortage and severe limitation of water resources, one of the basic steps in water management and planning is reservoir optimization. In the present study, after the introduction of the Gray Wolf optimization algorithm, the performance of this algorithm alone and in combination with the genetic algorithm in optimizing the operation of the Taleghan Dam reservoir has been evaluated. The objective function is to minimize the total squares of relative deficiencies in allocating to it each month and maximize reliability throughout the 11-year transition period from 2009 to 2017. Also, the constraints of reservoir continuity equation, reservoir storage volume and reservoir release volume were applied to the objective function of the problem. The results obtained from the performance evaluation indices of the models showed that in terms of time reliability, vulnerability and sustainability indices, the gray wolf-genetic hybrid algorithm with 72.73, 0.28, 24.66 is better than the gray wolf algorithm with 68.93, 0.29, 21.48 and the algorithm. Genetics with 66.66, 0.41, 21.34. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Investigation of flooding of downstream areas due to the occurrence of the probable maximum flood in Ghare Aghach earth dam
Sayyed Ali Shahrezaie Mahdi Radfa Elham Ghanbari AdiviOne of the most important issues in the field of scientific computational hydraulic aspects of the river is the routing of permanent and non-permanent flows. Investigation of flood zoning with different return periods can be named as one of the most important issues in MoreOne of the most important issues in the field of scientific computational hydraulic aspects of the river is the routing of permanent and non-permanent flows. Investigation of flood zoning with different return periods can be named as one of the most important issues in the field of flood management. In the present study, using HEC-RAS software, the flood susceptibility of the downstream areas due to the occurrence of the probable maximum flood in Ghare Aghach dam has been investigated. The research results are displayed in the RAS Mapper environment. The results showed that contrary to what was thought, due to the fact that the overflow of Ghare Aghach dam has been controlled based on the highest probable maximum flood; so this flood will not cause failure in Ghare Aghach dam of overtopping type. The maximum flow from the dam overflow occurred 435 minutes after model simulation and is 171.72 cubic meters per second. According to the results of the Google Earth model, the flooding area of the downstream areas when has reached its peak flow; it is approximately equal to 5.73 square kilometers. The radius of flooding at the moment when has reached its peak flow relative to the coastline, around the villages of Mehrgerd and Hosseinabad is equal to 196 and 1858 meters, respectively. The main residential areas around the villages of Mehrgerd, Hosseinabad and Kasgan Sofla are approximately 60, 587 and 689 meters away from the coastline with the water flow obtained during the peak flow time, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Study and estimation of the useful life of the dam under the influence of input sediments deposited with using Karun 92 software
roozbeh AGHA MAJIDI mohammad rafiee Rafieethe sediment accumulation in the reservoirs places upstream and downstream of the dam under the influence of ecosystem changes. In order to increase the volume of regulated water in the river basin and prevent the introduction of river sediments into the dam reservoir a Morethe sediment accumulation in the reservoirs places upstream and downstream of the dam under the influence of ecosystem changes. In order to increase the volume of regulated water in the river basin and prevent the introduction of river sediments into the dam reservoir and as a result of increasing the useful life of the dam and the optimal management of water resources in the given time, the required data from the relevant companies from the Tangab Dam was obtained and Using Karun's analysis software, based on the calculations performed by the software, the modified volume (after sedimentation) after one year and after 50 years from the beginning of operation, using the method of increasing the level to The order of 1021.646 million cubic meters and 605.664 million cubic meters, and also for the method of reducing the level of these numbers is equal to 1021.6 million million Rmkb and 064/580million cubic meters is estimated. Given the reservoir type and sediment volume, the curves of hp and h'p are plotted. According to the power plant's level, the reservoir level of the dam increases with the calculation of sediment distribution by increasing the level after 110 years from the plant's level of utilization, and this also occurs in the method of reducing the level after 100 years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Flood Management of Urban Areas Due to Possible Failure of the Dam (casestudy: Gheshlagh Dam and Sanandaj City)
سید محمود جزایری مقدس Bakhtiar AhmadiAlthough dams have the potential to achieve macro and national goals, they sometimes also provide the necessary ground for threats to occur. One of these threats is the risk of flooding due to the possible failure of dams for settlements located near them. In this study MoreAlthough dams have the potential to achieve macro and national goals, they sometimes also provide the necessary ground for threats to occur. One of these threats is the risk of flooding due to the possible failure of dams for settlements located near them. In this study, the failure of Gheshlagh Dam, a dam located 12 km north of Sanandaj, the capital of Kurdistan Province, has been investigated. The failure of this dam has been analyzed using the HEC-RAS program and the results confirm that after the start of the failure of the dam, in the early stages of the river, the water level rises sharply and submerges the heights on both sides of the river. But the downstream topography of the dam is such that although much of the land around the river is submerged, urban areas are less vulnerable to flood risk. However, given the risk to life on the riverbank, the use of a flood warning system is suggested as an effective solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - Using several drought indices in Water resources management in drought condition (Case Study of Shahid Abbaspour Dam Station)
ABBAS SAFAEI Masoud Choramin kimiya korkaniDrought is one of the natural disasters that cause great damage to human life and natural ecosystems and is different from other natural disasters. The main differences in the gradual impact of drought over a relatively long period are the impossibility of determining t MoreDrought is one of the natural disasters that cause great damage to human life and natural ecosystems and is different from other natural disasters. The main differences in the gradual impact of drought over a relatively long period are the impossibility of determining the exact time of onset and end and the geographical extent of its impact. On the other hand, the lack of an accurate and acceptable global definition of drought has added to the complexity and confusion of this phenomenon. And the severity of droughts was determined and described based on drought indices ZSI, PNPI, SPI. These indicators are consistent with each other so that based on the above indicators. the results show that in Shahid Abbaspour Dam in the wet years (2007-2008) the most severe drought occurred in the statistical period. SPI index of drought periods Shows more, so it is a more sensitive index than ZSI and PNPI and has a higher sensitivity and more complete classification in the study of dry periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Investigating the Strategies for Implementing Knowledge Management in Dam Construction Projects and Evaluating Its Impact on Efficiency with the Involvement of Various Stakeholders
Ali sadeghzadeh khayati Sina Fard Moradinia Eshag Rsooli SrabiExperience has shown that knowledge management receives more attention in the private sector than in the public sector in advanced countries. Knowledge management is a pillar for achieving knowledge-based development. This research aims to design and explain a model for MoreExperience has shown that knowledge management receives more attention in the private sector than in the public sector in advanced countries. Knowledge management is a pillar for achieving knowledge-based development. This research aims to design and explain a model for cost and time management in construction projects based on the PMBOK standard. The research is applied in terms of its objective. The statistical population of this research includes managers, experts, and consultants of Farazab Water and Water Affairs Company in Tabriz, totaling approximately 120 individuals. Out of this number, 92 individuals were selected as the sample using Cochran's formula. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaire, expert opinions from 10 professionals in the field of project planning and control were used, during which the project indicators reached 74. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. SPSS software and hierarchical analysis were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that all questionnaire factors have a significant impact, and the ranking of influential dimensions on cost and time in construction projects according to the PMBOK standard are as follows: project cost management, project time management, integrated project management, project human resource management, project scope management, project quality management, project procurement management, project risk management, project stakeholder management, and project communication management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Optimizing the design of the earth dam body by performing quasi-static and dynamic analyzes using Plaxis software (Case study: Droodzen Dam)
Masoud Mesbahi Majid Abbasizadeh Mohammadreza NikmaneshOne of the effective and very important factors in the stability of earth dams is the shear resistance of earth materials in the body and foundation of the dam, and damages caused by the sliding of earth slopes can cause irreparable damage to an earth dam. Considering t MoreOne of the effective and very important factors in the stability of earth dams is the shear resistance of earth materials in the body and foundation of the dam, and damages caused by the sliding of earth slopes can cause irreparable damage to an earth dam. Considering the importance of earth slopes, the effect of static forces and earthquakes on its stability is extremely important. In this research, the optimization of the design of the Droodzen earth dam body is done by performing quasi-static and dynamic analyzes using Plaxis software. Based on the obtained results, geocell reinforcements increase the safety factor of dam stability and reduce the lateral deformation of the slope due to tensile strength and bending anchor. Also, by increasing the depth of the geocell placement, the tensile strength and bending moment of reinforcing increases, and by reducing the length of the geocell cover, the shear resistance of the top and bottom joint of the geocell decreases. Finally, we should mention that soil compaction leads to a significant increase in tensile force and bending moment along the length of the geocell layer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - Analysis of the body of the double curvature Bakhtiari concrete dam by three dimensional finite element Encoding
Omid Bakhtiyarinejad Hooshang Hassoni Zadeh Ehsan DerikvandAnalysis of the double curvature concrete dams is accurate when the models are properly prepared and analyzed by three dimensional finite element. In this research, the double curvature concrete Bakhtiari dam is analyzed with the use of three dimensional finite element MoreAnalysis of the double curvature concrete dams is accurate when the models are properly prepared and analyzed by three dimensional finite element. In this research, the double curvature concrete Bakhtiari dam is analyzed with the use of three dimensional finite element method. To this end, the ADSHAPE program which can model all kinds of dam body is encoded in the MATLAB program. Then, its output is given to encoded AD ANALYSIS program which can analyze three dimensional finite element dam body. For the accuracy and calibration the program, the model cantilever beam to define its result was employed. This method in all kinds of elements with different elements size and with different Gussian points is analyzed and the results are compared. The effect of charges of elements and Gussian points in the results will be considered. Then Bakhtiari dam is analyzed with regard to proper principle of mesh generation and accurate model and stress and deformations are studied. The results showed the acceptable accuracy of coded programs in modeling and three dimensional finite element analysis of Bakhtiari dam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - Optimal Allocation of Water Using Fuzzy Programming Models
Morteza Molaei Javad Hosseinzad FirouzyTo achieve goals such as economic growth, food security and sustainability of scarce resources, including water resources depends more than ever to correct use of these resources. Climatic MoreTo achieve goals such as economic growth, food security and sustainability of scarce resources, including water resources depends more than ever to correct use of these resources. Climatic characteristics of our country, wasting too much water in various uses, especially its low efficiency in the agricultural sector, unwillingness of private sector in investment in water resources development and inappropriate patterns of the crop pattern at one hand, and Scarcity of water resources on the other hand has led the optimal allocation of water to be of interest and importance. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to estimate the real value (shadow price) of water and determine the optimal cropping pattern with regard to products that are more efficient in using of water. For this purpose Fuzzy linear programming model used and the results are compared with exact linear programming model. Results for lands under coverage of Alavian dam show that the real price of water by using both models is identical and equal to 198 Rials per cubic meter, but profits per unit of water consumed in the fuzzy model is much more definite pattern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - Dynamic Analysis of Earthquake-Damaged Concrete Dam by Reservoir Modeling and Consideration of Dam Interaction with Reservoir
Reza Hajisharafi Shadi kuchackdezfuli -
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381 - .
Sayed ewazali Kazimi Murtaza Fallah -
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382 - .
احمدرضا یلمه ها keramat Namjoo -
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383 - .
الهه صادقی -
Open Access Article
384 - Technics, Causes and Motivations of the Use of Didactic Themes in the lyrical (emotional) Poems Based on the narrative poem of Niaz and Naz
Ahmad Reza YalamehaOne of the broadest and most popular genres of Persian literature is didactic poetry. Didactic poems and works of art are sometimes a completely separate and independent work, such as poems and works that are exclusively devoted to teaching, wisdom, and ethics, and some MoreOne of the broadest and most popular genres of Persian literature is didactic poetry. Didactic poems and works of art are sometimes a completely separate and independent work, such as poems and works that are exclusively devoted to teaching, wisdom, and ethics, and sometimes also dispersed among other literary works. As in a number of cases, moral concepts, verdicts, religions, and beliefs have been used in enormous or even epic or modest poetry, which not only does not diminish the poetic aspect of such works but with passion and a special feeling attracts the attraction of such works. One of the works that are made up of didactic teachings is the unknown Naz and Niaz. This poem, which is one of the exquisite works belonging to the eleventh century AH and is one of the precious love poems of the Persian, has not yet been adorned with embellishment, and the only remaining version of that edition is numbered 483 at the UCLA Library of the University Los Angeles where it is preserved. In this narrative love poem, there are abundant didactic and wisdom meanings and concepts that the poet has used it in the context of passive and sensual ground using such techniques as persuasion, indignation, persuasion, etc. This can be a sign of good intention concerning poet's attempt to reasoning the word is based on rational and artistic logic. The author of this study is to introduce the glossary of this work, therefore, how to reflect the content of the teaching in this rich narrative love poem. Manuscript profile -
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385 - .An analysis of thoughts and advices of Asadi toosi’s Garshasb Nameh on civil policy
Ali Reza Shabanlu khadijeh moradi Abd ol-Hossaein Farzad ghafar borjsazGarshasb Nameh is generally considered as a legendary and epic work, and most of the researches are about these fields; but the capabilities of this book are in the field of teaching the kingdom and good customs, and in particular the advices on the ways of governing co MoreGarshasb Nameh is generally considered as a legendary and epic work, and most of the researches are about these fields; but the capabilities of this book are in the field of teaching the kingdom and good customs, and in particular the advices on the ways of governing countries in which kings are addressed, and the manner of doing service addressing the people is very frequent. It is questionable that Asadi in this mythical and legendary story has included so many advices and ethical issues. The purpose of this study is to identify and categorize Asadi's advice about the ways of ruling for a ruler and people and government agents. Asadi, according to the manner of telling and explaining the ways of the kings' manner, has made many recommendations to the kings. These advices are about the four main foundations of governance: the king, justice, people and policy. Also, the method of choosing court clerks and the owners of important jobs, how kings should interact with people, is another of his thoughts. Asadi's advice is all ethical-oriented, and in the section addressed the king and the emir, he has paid attention to the ethics of the judiciary and the king's judgment and the affairs of the army. Based on the extraction and analysis of such ideas and advices in the formulation of the text, one can obtain the Asadi’s moral order in civil policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - Examining the pictorial schemas of envy and longing in Bostan Saadi
Mastureh Dadvarkashani Sayyed Hamed Mousavi jervekaniAfter presenting theoretical discussions about image schemas - which is proposed in the field of cognitive semantics - the present research seeks to find the answer to this basic question; namely, what shceme image Saadi has employed in explaining the two categories of MoreAfter presenting theoretical discussions about image schemas - which is proposed in the field of cognitive semantics - the present research seeks to find the answer to this basic question; namely, what shceme image Saadi has employed in explaining the two categories of envoy and longing and secondly, what is his purpose of using image schemas for these two moral vices? The result of the present study showed that the Sheikh of Shiraz used these two morally objectionable adjectives in his Bostan under the volumetric and non-volumetric schemas and sometimes a combination of schemas. Based on this analysis, the unpleasant character of envy causes many negative effects for the envious person, one of which is longing. For this very reason, these two categories have been emphasized in the present research. The results of the research show that Saadi used two schemes of power and volume for envy. However, envy has a volume pattern everywhere in the Bostan. By studying the statistical graphs of this article, it appears that the frequency of schemas of longing is higher than that of envy. Therefore, Saadi instead of paying attention to the powe of envy, concentretes on its result; namely, longing. Eventually, a person should avoid envy so as not to be caught by its results. In other words, Saadi explains the necessity of avoiding envy by stating its inevitable results. It should be mentioned that no research has been done with this particular approach regarding the Bostan. Finally, the research method is analytical-descriptive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - A Study of the Didactic Trainings in Mohammad ibn Mahmud Fars' Treatise, Anis al-Tālibeen
Elahe Sadeghi ghorbonali ebrahimi mehrdad Chatraei AzizabadiDidactic prose and poetry are the most widespread and common genre of Persian literature. The treatise of Anis al-Tālibin by Muhammad ibn Mahmud Fars is a literary work replete with the didactic lessons. Being written in the eleventh century AH, this treatise is among t MoreDidactic prose and poetry are the most widespread and common genre of Persian literature. The treatise of Anis al-Tālibin by Muhammad ibn Mahmud Fars is a literary work replete with the didactic lessons. Being written in the eleventh century AH, this treatise is among the valuable Persian moral-doctrinal texts. Nevertheless, it has remained anonymous so far. The treatise contains many didactic and doctrinal themes and meanings that the author has used based upon the context. The authors of this study intend to introduce the treatise of Anis al-Talebin briefly and examine the effect of the moral trainings used in this treatise on the minds of the audience. The results of the research indicate that the author is a knowledgeable person who is familiar with psychological principles and therefore, depending on the situation has used various techniques such as encouragement, persuasion, anecdote and allegory, reasoning, etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - Differeces and diversities of content in Saeeda Naghshbandi Yzdi's Divan
Mohammad Reza Najjarian fatemeh Baharifardidacticl literature is one of the most important and oldest types of literary genre that its main goal is to teach. This term from very beginning has used in general and specific senses. In specific term, it includes instructions for teaching specific skill or art e.g. Moredidacticl literature is one of the most important and oldest types of literary genre that its main goal is to teach. This term from very beginning has used in general and specific senses. In specific term, it includes instructions for teaching specific skill or art e.g. Abonasre Frahi's Nasabolsabian in the meaning, Meysiri's encyclopedia in pharmology and medicine. In general sense, it refers to works concerning issues like ethics, mysticism, advices, and philosophy etc….This poet was contemprory to king Soleyman Safavi in eleventh century (1077-1105A.H.). Among poems of Saeeda Saida Naghshbandi Yzdi we find complex concept such as mysticism, unique expression, anecdote from mysticism and , invitation to asceticism and seclusion and retirement from inner word , signs of love and inner knowledge private feeling and affection, social and political criticism , ethical advice for escaping from worldly problems, irony, etc……..In this article six main concepts in his Divan have been studied that includes ethical, , political, social, cultural , mystical ,ironical concepts Manuscript profile -
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389 - Measuring Informal Accommodations' Residents Satisfaction of the Services Offered by the City Hall (Case Study: Pasdaran Neighborhood, Tabriz)
Mohammad reza Pour mohammadi hadi hakimi ali mirzaieToday urban management has changed into one of the influential factors on the citizens' life and they are always in touch with it. Measuring people's satisfaction of the urban services is of paramount importance for determining their quality. This study aims to evaluate MoreToday urban management has changed into one of the influential factors on the citizens' life and they are always in touch with it. Measuring people's satisfaction of the urban services is of paramount importance for determining their quality. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the city management from the view point of the citizens. The method used is descriptive and researchers have used questionnaires in order to obtain the citizens' ideas.All the citizens of Pasdaran neighborhood in the city of Tabriz forms the statistical population who were selected using chi - square method.For testing indexes, regarding the multitude of the samples, T-test was used.The results showed that the satisfaction of the residents is medium to low. The results using Friedman test showed that the greatest amount of satisfaction goes to higienics and environmental cleaning using trash coellecting and street cleansing with 3.70 points and the least amount goes to letting the reside take part in city affairs with 2.15 points.The final results based on the Chi-square and Spearman tests showed that there is a significant difference between level of education and age as the independent variable with satisfaction of the city management as the dependent one. The results also showed lack of any significant correspondence between the variables of gender, income and marital status with level of satisfaction in the studied area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - The Explanation of the Impacts and Transitions of Rural Settlements in the Dams of Khuzestan Province
sadegh allahyari nasrolah molaei hashjin teymour Amar Parviz rezaeiThe creation of dams changes the patterns of land use, water and other natural have a negative impact on a wide range. These changes will cause the villagers to suffer damage, social services and so on. In this research, the effects and consequences of dam construction MoreThe creation of dams changes the patterns of land use, water and other natural have a negative impact on a wide range. These changes will cause the villagers to suffer damage, social services and so on. In this research, the effects and consequences of dam construction in Khuzestan consequences on tof the study area were investigated. The method of collecting information in this research is a library-survey method and was used by interviewing and questioning (in the framework of field method). The geographic area of this study is 122 rural settlements located at Karun 3 Gotevand Olia Dam and dispersed in the cities of Izeh, Gotvand and Dehdez due to geographical dispersion. The number of samples studied in the geographical area consists of 36 villages and 234 households. The Cochran formula has been used to determine the sample size of households. Sampling method was selected according to the number of samples, stratified and random methods. Also, Swat model (SWOT) was used to analyze the data and intervention in the settlement system of the study area and to design the optimal landscape of the settlement system.The displacemente of villages and rural roads, the changing of th, displaced marginal population in the, the unwanted migration of people and the wandering In cities and creating social conflicts, high costs of peopled resettlement,jobs, destroying fertile lands and reducing agricultural production, destroying public places, utilities, cultural and religious sites, and The feeling of no Identity and psychological problems have been studied in the range studied Manuscript profile -
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391 - اثر تیمار کوتاه مدت با نانو ذرات نقره و محلول گلجایی ساکارز روی پیری گل و برگ شاخه بریده رز
خدیجه آل کثیر رحیم نقش بند حسنی علیرضا مطلبی آذراین آزمایش برای ارزیابی اثر تیمار کوتاه مدت نانو ذرات نقره در غلظت­ های صفر، 4، 25، 75 و 125 میلی­ گرم در لیتر روی گل شاخه بریدنی رز رقم ʼهای اند مجیکʻ بدنبال نگهداری در محلول ساکارز با غلظت­ های صفر، 2 و 3 درصد از نظر عمر گلجایی و برخی از صفات فیزیولوژیکی پ Moreاین آزمایش برای ارزیابی اثر تیمار کوتاه مدت نانو ذرات نقره در غلظت­ های صفر، 4، 25، 75 و 125 میلی­ گرم در لیتر روی گل شاخه بریدنی رز رقم ʼهای اند مجیکʻ بدنبال نگهداری در محلول ساکارز با غلظت­ های صفر، 2 و 3 درصد از نظر عمر گلجایی و برخی از صفات فیزیولوژیکی پس از برداشت آن انجام شد. این تحقیق به شکل آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار برای هر تیمار اجرا شد. آزمایش تحت شرایط دمای 2 ± 23 درجه سانتی­گراد، رطوبت نسبی 5±60 درصد و با شدت نوری محیط 12 میکرو مول در مترمربع درثانیه به مدت 12 ساعت توسط لامپ­ های فلورسنت انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار 125 میلی­ گرم در لیتر نانو ذرات نقره همرا با ساکارز دو درصد و بدون ساکارز بیشترین تاثیر را در کنترل باکتری­ های انتهای ساقه را داشت. تیمار کوتاه مدت نانو ذرات نقره در کلیه غلظت­ ها سبب بهبود جذب محلول، حفظ رطوبت نسبی شاخه، بهبود باز شدن گل و شاخص فلورسانس کلروفیل برگ (Fv/Fm) در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد گردید. بیشترین میزان باز شدگی گل با درشت­ترین اندازه گل در تیمار 75 میلی­ گرم در لیتر نانوذرات همراه با ساکارز 2 درصد در روز نهم عمر گلجایی مشاهده گردید. کمترین میزان عمر گلجایی در تیمارهای آب مقطر به تنهایی و همراه با ساکارز بود. بیشترین میزان عمر گلجایی در تیمارهای 75 و 125 میلی­ گرم در لیتر نانو ذرات نقره بدون ساکارز و با ساکارز در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها مشاهده گردید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - کنترل آلودگی های درون شیشه ای Dionysia tapetodes به منظور ارائه روش بهینه ریزازدیادی این گیاه
لیلا سمیعی Maedeh Aghdaei سعیدرضا وصالآلودگی­های میکروبی درون شیشه­ای، یکی از مهمترین مشکلات در فرایندکشت بافت گیاهان می­باشند. تلاش­های اولیه جهت ریزازدیادی Dionysia tapetodes که یک گیاه زیبای بالشتکی صخره­ای در شمال شرق ایران می­باشد، منجر به صد درصد آلودگی ریزنمونه­ها گر Moreآلودگی­های میکروبی درون شیشه­ای، یکی از مهمترین مشکلات در فرایندکشت بافت گیاهان می­باشند. تلاش­های اولیه جهت ریزازدیادی Dionysia tapetodes که یک گیاه زیبای بالشتکی صخره­ای در شمال شرق ایران می­باشد، منجر به صد درصد آلودگی ریزنمونه­ها گردید. از این رو مطالعه حاضر به منظور ارائه پروتکل مؤثر ضدعفونی سطحی ریزنمونه­های گیاه دیونیزیا با استفاده از مواد ضدعفونی کننده مختلف مانند هیپوکلریت سدیم، اتانول و کلرید جیوه در غلظت­ها و زمان­های مختلف صورت گرفت. مؤثرترین روش ضدعفونی که منجر به دستیابی به 6/91 درصد ریزنمونه­های سالم گردید با استفاده از کلرید جیوه با غلظت 1/0 درصد به مدت 4 دقیقه بدست آمد، البته این ماده در غلظت­های بالاتر ( 2/0 درصد) برای بافت­های گیاه حالت سمیت نشان داد و منجر به نکروزه شدن بافت ریزنمونه­ها به میزان 66/41 درصد گردید. همچنین علی­رغم اینکه هیپوکلریت سدیم به عنوان یک ماده ضدعفونی کننده عمومی در کشت بافت شناخته شده است، این ماده به اندازه کلرید جیوه در حذف آلودگی­های میکروبی در ریزنمونه­های گیاه دیونیزیا مؤثر نبود و استفاده از آن در غلظت 3 درصد و به مدت 15 دقیقه در فرایند ضدعفونی باعث بروز 75 درصد آلودگی میکروبی در ریزنمونه­ها شد. در مجموع در مطالعه حاضر یک روش بهینه جهت ضدعفونی ریزنمونه های D. tapetodes و دسترسی به گیاهان عاری از بیماری این گیاه ارائه گردید که این امر می­تواند فرایند ریزازدیادی گیاه دیونیزیا را در آینده تسهیل نماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - بررسی اثر نانوسیلور، نانوسیل و پراکسید هیدروژن بر عمر پس از برداشت گل بریده رز (Rosa hybrida)
مونا شادباش فتح اله کشاورزشالبه منظور بررسی اثر نانوسیلور (5، 10 و 20 میلی­گرم در لیتر)، پراکسید هیدروژن (200، 400 و 600 میکرو مولار) و نانوسیل (200 ، 400 و 600 میکرو مولار) به عنوان ترکیبات ضدمیکروبی در محلول گلجایی گل بریده رز رقم "گراند پرس آنجلا"، آزمایشی با 10 تیمار و 3 تکرار در قالب طرح ک Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر نانوسیلور (5، 10 و 20 میلی­گرم در لیتر)، پراکسید هیدروژن (200، 400 و 600 میکرو مولار) و نانوسیل (200 ، 400 و 600 میکرو مولار) به عنوان ترکیبات ضدمیکروبی در محلول گلجایی گل بریده رز رقم "گراند پرس آنجلا"، آزمایشی با 10 تیمار و 3 تکرار در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی انجام شد. گل­های بریده رز بصورت ممتد با این ترکیبات تیمار شدند. نتایج بیانگر تاثیر معنی­دار و مثبت نانوسیل بر صفات اندازه­گیری شده بود. بطوریکه بیشترین عمر گلجایی (16/13 روز)، بیشترین جذب محلول (943/0 میلی­لیتر در هر گرم وزن تر)، کمترین کاهش وزن تر (31/6 گرم)، کمترین باکتری ته ساقه (Log 10 CFU ml-1 67/87) و بیشترین کاروتنوئید گلبرگ (61/17 میکروگرم در هر گرم وزن تر) متعلق به تیمار 400 میکرومولار نانوسیل بود. بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم POD برای دو تیمار 5 میلی گرم در­لیتر نانوسیلور (94/3 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر) و 400 میکرومولار نانوسیل (86/3 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر) ثبت شد. غلظت­های مختلف نانوسیلور در حفظ عمرگلجایی و صفات وابسته به آن موفق نبودند که دلیل آن می­تواند استفاده ممتد از این ترکیبات باشد. غلظت­های مختلف پراکسیدهیدروژن نسبت به شاهد در صفات مورد ارزیابی برتر بودند. بطورکلی تیمار 400 میکرومولار نانوسیل به دلیل اینکه در تمامی صفات ارزیابی شده، جزو بهترین تیمارها بود و همچنین بیشترین عمر گلجایی را داشت، به­عنوان تیمار مناسبی جهت نگهداری طولانی مدت گل بریده رز توصیه می­شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - بهبود ویژگی های فیزیوولژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و کیفیت گل شمعدانی خوراکی (Pelargonium peltatum L.) با کاربرد سلنیوم
زهره رزم آور روح انگیز نادری وحید عبدوسی علیرضا لادن مقدم فرشته نعمت الهیسلنیوم (Se) یک ریز عنصر اساسی برای انسان و یک عنصر مفید برای گیاهان است. اخیراً، بهبود وضعیت گیاهان با سلنیوم به عنوان یک روش کلیدی برای افزایش کیفیت گیاه مطرح شده است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی شاخصهای پس از برداشت گیاه شمعدانی (Pelargonium Peltatum) با افزودن سلنیوم به Moreسلنیوم (Se) یک ریز عنصر اساسی برای انسان و یک عنصر مفید برای گیاهان است. اخیراً، بهبود وضعیت گیاهان با سلنیوم به عنوان یک روش کلیدی برای افزایش کیفیت گیاه مطرح شده است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی شاخصهای پس از برداشت گیاه شمعدانی (Pelargonium Peltatum) با افزودن سلنیوم به بستر کاشت به فرم Na2SeO4 با غلظتهای 20، 40 و 60 میکرومولار استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که، وزن گل، مقدار نسب(RWC) ،آنتوسیانین و ویتامین C در طول زمان نگهداری کاهش مییابد. مالون دی آلدید (MAD) با پیشرفت زمان ذخیرهسازی افزایش یافت. محتوای فنلی کل(TPC) ، مقدار کل فلاونوئید (TFC) در روزهای اولیه ذخیره سازی به طور قابل توجهی افزایش یافته و سپس تا پایان ذخیره سازی در روزهای 4 و 6 کاهش یافت.سلنیوم به طور قابل توجهی وزن گل،RWC ، آنتوسیانین، ویتامینC ، TPC را بهبود بخشید. اگرچه سلنیوم در افزایش کیفیت شمعدنی پیچ (Pelargonium Peltatum) موثر بود، اما بین 40 و 60 میکرومولار سلنیوم در تمام صفات تفاوت معنی داری وجود نداشت. بنابراین، این آزمایش استفاده از 40 میکرومولار سلنیوم را برای بهبود ماندگای پس زمان پس از برداشت گلهای شمعدنی پیچ (Pelargonium Peltatum) به عنوان یک گیاه زینتی، دارویی، معطر و خوراکی توصیه میکند. Manuscript profile -
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395 - تاثیر محلولهای گلجایی حاوی کبالت، سریم و نانوذرات نقره بر ماندگاری و کیفیت پس از برداشت گل های شاخه بریده پرنده بهشتی (Strelitzia reginae)
جهانگیر آذرهوش داود هاشم آبادی لیلا اسدپور بهزاد کاویانیبه ­منظور افزایش کیفیت و ماندگاری پس از برداشت گل ­های شاخه بریده پرنده بهشتی آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 10 تیمار در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل کلرید کبالت (250 و 500 می لی­گرم در لیتر)، نیترات سریم (100، 300 و 600 میکرومولار)، ن Moreبه ­منظور افزایش کیفیت و ماندگاری پس از برداشت گل ­های شاخه بریده پرنده بهشتی آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 10 تیمار در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل کلرید کبالت (250 و 500 می لی­گرم در لیتر)، نیترات سریم (100، 300 و 600 میکرومولار)، نانوسیلور (20 و 40 میلی­ گرم در لیتر) و نانوسیل (2000 و 4000 میکرومولار) بودند که بصورت پالس 24 ساعته استفاده شدند. از آب مقطر به ­عنوان تیمار شاهد استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عمرگلجایی با کاربرد 300 میکرومولار نیترات سریم (11.68 روز) بدست می ­آید که از نظر آماری با تیمارهای 100 و 600 میکرومولار نیترات سریم، 500 میلی ­گرم در لیتر کلریدکبالت و 20 میلی­ گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور تفاوت معنی­ داری نداشت. دو تیمار 300 و 600 میلی ­مولار نیترات سریم در افزایش جذب آب و ماده خشک، حفظ وزن تر، کاهش باکتری انتهای ساقه و محلول گلجایی بهترین تیمار بودند. کمترین تجمع مالون­ دی ­آلدهید (0.09 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر) و بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم ­های پراکسیداز (0.147 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر) و کاتالاز (1.02 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر) با کاربرد 300 میکرومولار نیترات سریم در محلول گلجایی بدست آمد. بیشترین فلاوونوئید کاسبرگ (0.493 درصد) متعلق به تیمار 2000 میکرومولار نانوسیل بود. بیشترین کاهش وزن تر و کمترین مقادیر سایر صفات ارزیابی شده متعلق به تیمار شاهد بود. با توجه به نتایج حاصل، محلول گلجایی حاوی 300 میکرومولار نیترات سریم و 3 درصد ساکارز جهت حفظ کیفیت و افزایش ماندگاری پس از برداشت گل های شاخه بریده پرنده بهشتی توصیه می ­شود. Manuscript profile -
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396 - کاربرد سیلیکات پتاسیم در تخفیف تنش شوری در گیاه زینتی جعفری
ابوالفضل باباپور چالکی محمود شور سید فاضل فاضلی کاخکی بهرام عابدیبه منظور ارزیابی اثر مواد تخفیف دهنده اثرات نامطلوب تنش شوری بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه جعفری زینتی (Tagetes erecta L.Nana) آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در تابستان 1397 در مرکز تحقیقات جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان مش Moreبه منظور ارزیابی اثر مواد تخفیف دهنده اثرات نامطلوب تنش شوری بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه جعفری زینتی (Tagetes erecta L.Nana) آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در تابستان 1397 در مرکز تحقیقات جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان مشهد انجام شد. فاکتور اول سطح شوری در چهار سطح ( 0، 4، 8 ، 12 دسی زیمنس بر متر) و فاکتور دوم سیلیکات پتاسیم در سه سطح ( 0 ،100 ، 150 میلی گرم در لیتر) بود. نتایج نشان داد شوری و سیلیکات پتاسیم تاثیر معنی داری بر صفات مورفولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی داشت. بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه در سطح شوری صفر با 100ppm سیلیکات پتاسیم حاصل شد. بیشترین مقدار وزن خشک گیاه اندامهای هوایی در شوری 8 دسی زیمنس بر متر با 150 ppm سیلیکات پتاسیم حاصل شد. بیشترین میزان پتاسیم برگ در شوری 12 دسی زیمنس بر متر و با کاربرد 100 ppm سلیکات پتاسیم و بیشترین مقدار پتاسیم ریشه در تیمار شوری 4 دسی زیمنس بر متر با 100 ppm حاصل شد. نتایج نشان دادکه در گیاه گل جعفری در شوری های بالا (بیشتر از 8 دسی زیمنس بر متر ) ترکیب سیلیکات پتاسیم نتوانست تاثیر مطلوبی بر رشد گیاه داشته باشد. استفاده از سیلیکات پتاسیم در شوری 12 دسی زیمنس بر متر توانست غلظت سدیم را در بافتهای برگ کاهش و مقدار پتاسیم را افزایش داد هرچند مقدار افزایش پتاسیم در شوری های پایین بیشتر بود. به طور کلی استفاده از سیلیکات پتاسیم میتواند به عنوان یک ماده مکمل در تغذیه گیاهی در شوریهای پایین مورد توجه قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
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397 - بررسی اثر متقابل بنزوات سدیم و اتانول روی عمر گلجایی گلهای شاخه بریده رز رقم ’اولانچ‘
ندا نکویار مه فام حمیدی امامیعمر گلجایی گلهای شاخه بریده رز تحت تاثیر اتیلن و تنش آبی کاهش مییابد. اتانول و بنزوات سدیم از جمله ترکیبات مورد استفاده در محلول گلجایی هستند که دارای اثر ضد میکروبی و ضد اتیلنی میباشند. در این راستا و جهت بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف اتانول (0، 2، 4 و 6 درصد) و بنزوات سدیم Moreعمر گلجایی گلهای شاخه بریده رز تحت تاثیر اتیلن و تنش آبی کاهش مییابد. اتانول و بنزوات سدیم از جمله ترکیبات مورد استفاده در محلول گلجایی هستند که دارای اثر ضد میکروبی و ضد اتیلنی میباشند. در این راستا و جهت بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف اتانول (0، 2، 4 و 6 درصد) و بنزوات سدیم (0، 150، 200 و 250 میلیگرم در لیتر) روی عمر گلجایی گلهای شاخه بریده رز رقم ’اولانچ‘ آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 16 تیمار در سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی بصورت پالس24 ساعته استفاده شدند. از آب مقطر بهعنوان شاهد استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل "اتانول× بنزوات سدیم" موجب بهبود عمر گلجایی و سایر صفات ارزیابی شده میشود، بطوریکه بیشترین عمرگلجایی (13 روز)، جذب آب (3/54 میلیلیتر در هر گرم وزن تر)، ماده خشک (44/38 درصد)، پروتئین گلبرگ (35/08 درصد) و کلروفیل کل (13/09 میلیگرم در هر گرم وزن تر) با کاربرد "اتانول 4 درصد× 150 میلیگرم در لیتر بنزوات سدیم" حاصل شد. "اتانول 4 درصد×150 میلیگرم در لیتر بنزوات سدیم " دارای کمترین کاهش وزن تر (1/98 گرم)، کمترین باکتری انتهای ساقه (8/33 کلنی)، کمترین جمعیت باکتری محلول گلجایی (23/33 کلنی) و کمترین تولید اتیلن (0/4 نانولیتر در لیتر در ساعت در گرم وزن تر) بود. باتوجه به نتایج حاصل، استفاده ترکیبی از "اتانول 4 درصد×150 میلیگرم در لیتر بنزوات سدیم" جهت حفظ کیفیت و افزایش عمر گلجایی گلهای شاخه بریده رز رقم ’اولانچ‘ توصیه میشود. Manuscript profile -
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398 - تاثیر محلولپاشی سیلیکون بر واکنشهای فیزیولوژیکی داوودی (Dendranthema ×grandiflorum) در دو مرحله رشد مختلف
هادی حاجی زاده زهره جبارزاده این پژوهش برای ارزیابی واکنش های فیزیولوژیکی داوودی به محلولپاشی سیلیکون در شرایط بدون تنش انجام شد. این پژوهش به صورت دو آزمایش جداگانه (در مرحله 5-4 برگی و 12-8 برگی) به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با دو فاکتور نوع سیلیکون (در دو نوع: سیلیکات سدیم و س More این پژوهش برای ارزیابی واکنش های فیزیولوژیکی داوودی به محلولپاشی سیلیکون در شرایط بدون تنش انجام شد. این پژوهش به صورت دو آزمایش جداگانه (در مرحله 5-4 برگی و 12-8 برگی) به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با دو فاکتور نوع سیلیکون (در دو نوع: سیلیکات سدیم و سیلیکات کلسیم) و غلظت سیلیکون (در 5 غلظت صفر، 50، 100، 150 و 200 میلی گرم در لیتر) در محیط کشت کوکوپیت- پرلیت (به نسبت حجمی 1:1) با 4 تکرار و 2 مشاهده انجام شد. ویژگی های فیزیولوژیکی نظیر فعالیت آنزیم های کاتالاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز، گایاکول پراکسیداز، میزان پرولین، مالون دی آلدئید و پراکسید هیدروژن اندازه گیری شدند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که محلولپاشی با سیلیکات سدیم و کلسیم، میزان مالون دی آلدئید و فعالیت آنزیم های کاتالاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و گایاکول پراکسیداز را افزایش داد ولی پرولین و پراکسید هیدوژن کاهش یافتند. در کل، در مرحله 12-8 برگی، غلظت های زیاد سیلیکات سدیم (150 و 200 میلی گرم در لیتر) در افزایش فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانی و کاهش میزان پرولین، مالون دی آلدئید و پراکسید هیدروژن موثرتر بود. در مرحله 5-4 برگی، سیلیکات سدیم با غلظت 100 میلی گرم در لیتر، فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتی اکسیدانی را افزایش داد و سیلیکات کلسیم با غلظت 150 میلی گرم در لیتر، میزان پرولین، مالون دی آلدئید و پراکسید هیدروژن را کاهش داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - تاثیر سیلیسیم بر شاخص های رشد و کاهش خسارت بیماری سفیدک پودری آهار (Zinnia elegans Jacq. ʻMagellanʼ)
مریم میرصفای مقدم محمد نقی پاداشت دهکاییبه منظور بررسی اثرات سیلیسیم بر شاخص‏های رشد و کاهش خسارت بیماری سفیدک پودری آهار (Zinnia elegans Jacq. ʻMagellanʼ)، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با دو عامل در هشت تیمار و سه تکرار انجام گرفت. عامل اول، غلظت سیلیسیم در چهار سطح شامل Moreبه منظور بررسی اثرات سیلیسیم بر شاخص‏های رشد و کاهش خسارت بیماری سفیدک پودری آهار (Zinnia elegans Jacq. ʻMagellanʼ)، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با دو عامل در هشت تیمار و سه تکرار انجام گرفت. عامل اول، غلظت سیلیسیم در چهار سطح شامل 0، 50، 100، 150 میلی‏گرم بر لیتر و عامل دوم، روش کاربرد در دو سطح شامل محلول‏پاشی و خاکی بود. بر اساس غلظت و روش کاربرد سیلیسیم با کاربرد این ماده، چندین شاخص باغبانی گیاه بهبود یافت. میزان سیلیسیم گیاهان تیمار شده (100 و 150 میلی­گرم بر لیتر سیلیسیم به روش محلول پاشی) در مقایسه با گیاهان شاهد به طور معنی­داری افزایش یافت. شدت بیماری سفیدک پودری با کاربرد سیلیسیم کاهش یافت. نتایج مطالعه ما ثابت کرد که تیمارهای محلول پاشی نسبت به تیمارهای خاکی تاثیر بیشتری در کنترل بیماری دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - Study of salinity effect on grain yield, sodium and potassium accumulation on Eighteen wheat (Triticum aestium L.) genotypes in grain-filling stages
shabnam Kamiab Khalil Alami-Saeid Mohammadreza Eslahi Mohammad MoradiSalinity stress is a major problem of limiting agricultural productivity and plant growth in many regions of the word including south-west Iran. There are various practices that can apply including Improvement of saline soils and irrigation management and introduction o MoreSalinity stress is a major problem of limiting agricultural productivity and plant growth in many regions of the word including south-west Iran. There are various practices that can apply including Improvement of saline soils and irrigation management and introduction of toleratedcultivars. The aim of experiment is introducing tolerant and semi tolerant cultivars in many regions for acceptable crop yields. Breeding for salinity tolerance, pot experiment under natural conditions in a completely randomized design and enforced in three replications in three states in a stress, fourteen ds/m and twenty-one ds/m. Genotypes were evaluated for salinity tolerance by using dry matter of grain, seed number, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and relative water content, leaf Na+, leaf K+, leaf K+/Na+. Sirvan cultivar at both salinity levels 14 (17.30 mg/g) and 21 (28.43 mg/g) ds/m, had the highest amount of leaf sodium and aflak cultivar (8.70 mg / g dry weight), had the lowest sodium concentration under 21 ds/m salinity stress. According to the results, among the genotypes studied, aflak as resistant cultivar, Sirvan as susceptible and Arg cultivar as a medium were selected from varieties adapted to Khouzestan conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - Evolution effect of salt stress on ion concentration and seedling growth of canola varieties (Brassica napus L.)
Rozbeh FarhoudiThis research carried to evolution response of rapeseed varieties to salt stress. In first experiment growth response of five rapeseed varieties (Fornex, Consoul, Orient, Opera and Okamer) to four salinity levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 mmol NaCl) was investigated using a fa MoreThis research carried to evolution response of rapeseed varieties to salt stress. In first experiment growth response of five rapeseed varieties (Fornex, Consoul, Orient, Opera and Okamer) to four salinity levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 mmol NaCl) was investigated using a factorial experiment with randomized complete blocks design in three replications. Results indicated under highest salinity, highest and lowest seedling dry matter obtained from Fornex (3.3 gr) and Okamer (1.2 gr). In twice experiment, salt tolerance mechanism in Fornex (salt tolerance) and Okamer (salt sensitive) was evaluated. Results showed Fornex salt tolerance due to lowest Na+ and Malondealdehaid leaf concentration and highest K+ and Peroxidase activity in compared Okamer varity. Results indicated decrease in Na+, increase in K+ and K/Na and Peroxidase activity have reasonable role in salt tolerance in canola cultivars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - The Generation Gap among the Students in Asadabad
محمدسلمان قایمی زاده شکیبا کولیوندThis study investigated the differences between the two generations, parents and children and interpretation for this differs from the theories of social change and social modernization is used, the findings of this study using a standardized questionnaire and survey me MoreThis study investigated the differences between the two generations, parents and children and interpretation for this differs from the theories of social change and social modernization is used, the findings of this study using a standardized questionnaire and survey method among the 150 students that are before collegiate in asadabad city of hamadan is obtained. Overall, the results show a significant relation between the level of parent’s education, intimate relation with the family, relationship with friends, maternal age with the generation gap, and in the study of other factors such as family size and place of parents’s birth with the generation gap of the relationship was not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - توسعه و اعتبارسنجی شاخصهای آبزیپروری پایدار: مورد حوزه آبخیز سد البرز، استان مازندران
احسان قلی فر عنایت عباسی غلامرضا پزشکی راد حسن صالحی عبدالمطلب رضاییتحقیق حاضر با هدف توسعه و اعتبارسنجی شاخصهای آبزیپروری پایدار به عنوان یک نظام اجتماعی ـ بوم شناختی در حوزه آبخیز سد البرز در استان مازندران انجام شده است. با مرور منابع، تعداد 148 شاخص آبزیپروری پایدار در ابعاد اقتصادی (بازارمحوی و آبزی پروری پاسخگو، قابلیت ارزیابی Moreتحقیق حاضر با هدف توسعه و اعتبارسنجی شاخصهای آبزیپروری پایدار به عنوان یک نظام اجتماعی ـ بوم شناختی در حوزه آبخیز سد البرز در استان مازندران انجام شده است. با مرور منابع، تعداد 148 شاخص آبزیپروری پایدار در ابعاد اقتصادی (بازارمحوی و آبزی پروری پاسخگو، قابلیت ارزیابی ریسک و مدیریت بحران، و مدیریت مالی)، اجتماعی (مشارکت در امنیت و سلامت غذا، نقش تولیدکنندگان و سازمانهای مردمنهاد، بهبود تصویر آبزیپروری و مسؤولیتپذیری اجتماعی)، زیستمحیطی (حداقلسازی اثرات آبزیپروری در سطح ملی و حداقلسازی اثرات آبزی پروری در شرایط زیستمحیطی و تنوع زیست) و نهادی (توسعه محلی و مشارکت در تصمیمگیری توسط آبزیپروران) استخراج گردید. مؤلفههای استخراج شده با توجه به شش معیار در یک پرسشنامه با طیف پنج قسمتی لیکرت طراحی شدند. پرسشنامه طراحی شده در بین متخصصان آبزیپروری در حوزه آبخیز سد البرز در استان مازندران توزیع و تعداد 32 پرسشنامه تکمیل گردید. در بخش یافتهها، مؤلفههای استخراج شده به همراه شاخصهای مربوطه با توجه به شش معیار مورد نظربا کاربرد فرایند تحلیل سلسلهمراتبی رتبهبندی شدند. از میان ده شاخص آبزیپروری پایدار، ابعاد اقتصادی و زیستمحیطی به ترتیب در رتبههای اول و دوم قرار گرفتند. بنابراین به دستاندرکاران حوزه آبزیپروری پیشنهاد میشود تا در برنامهریزیهای خود به این ابعاد توجه کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
404 - الگوریتم رقابت استعماری (ICA) مبتنی بر روش بهینهسازی مخزن در سد کهیر
علی سردار شهرکی سمیه امایکمبود آب، به ویژه در ایران و در دوره خشکسالی­های اخیر، بر اهمیت دستیابی به یک سیاست عملیاتی بهینه برای مخازن بزرگ اهمیت پیدا کرده است. در دو دهه گذشته، بهینه­سازی سالانه مخازن در شرایط کنترل شده و همچنین شرایط آب و هوایی توجه بسیاری از محققان و کارشناسان را به خ Moreکمبود آب، به ویژه در ایران و در دوره خشکسالی­های اخیر، بر اهمیت دستیابی به یک سیاست عملیاتی بهینه برای مخازن بزرگ اهمیت پیدا کرده است. در دو دهه گذشته، بهینه­سازی سالانه مخازن در شرایط کنترل شده و همچنین شرایط آب و هوایی توجه بسیاری از محققان و کارشناسان را به خود جلب کرده است. در این مطالعه، رویکرد جدیدی برای پیش­بینی ذخیره مخزن ارائه شده است. الگوریتم رقابت استعماری (ICA) یک رویکرد جدید در زمینه محاسبات تکاملی است که راه حل بهینه را در مشکلات مختلف بهینه­سازی محاسبه می­کند. این الگوریتم با مدل­سازی ریاضی فرآیند تکامل اجتماعی روانشناختی، رویکرد جدیدی را برای حل مشکلات بهینه­سازی ریاضی ارائه می­دهد و در مقایسه با سایر الگوریتم­ها، سرعت مناسب و سرعت همگرایی بالایی را در یافتن پاسخ بهینه دارد. در این تحقیق از الگوریتم رقابتی امپریالیست برای بهینه­سازی سالانه مخزن کهیر برای به دست آوردن سیاست­های بهینه استفاده شده است. عملکرد هدف از جهت دستیابی به آب در پایین دست نیاز به ایجاد روابط براساس استمرار وجود دارد. عملکرد هدف از جهت دستیابی به آب در پایین دست نیاز به ایجاد روابط براساس استمرار دارد. مقایسه مدل ICA در جمع 100 نشان داد که الگوریتم ICA با میانگین بهترین ارزش تابع هدف 125، 6/114 و 60/85 با تعدادی از ارزیابی­های بیشتر تابع هدف برای دستیابی به ظرفیت بالاتر، پاسخ بهینه است. نتایج حاکی از خطای 1/6 درصدی در اجرای الگوریتم ICA بین انبارهای مشاهده شده و پیش بینی شده است. نتایج استفاده از الگوریتم رقابتی امپریالیست برای مسئله بهینه­سازی سالانه بیانگر توانایی روش پیشنهادی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
405 - تحلیل پایداری و طراحی سیستم نگهداری تونل های آب بر سد گتوند علیا
محمدرضا قزوینی عبدالهادی قزوینیان -
Open Access Article
406 - بهینه سازی ضخامت پوشش فلزی و بتنی شفت پنستاک انتقال آب سد سردشت به روش تحلیلی و عددی
حسن بخشنده امنیه حکیمه پیرمرادیان سعید طایی سمیرمی مرتضی رحیمی دیزجی حمیدرضا توکلی -
Open Access Article
407 - اندرکنش آهک و کلریدسدیم در خاک های ریزدانه با شاخص خمیری اندک
محمد هادی داودی احسان کبیر -
Open Access Article
408 - برآورد میزان تولید رسوب رودخانه جاجرود در بالا دست سد لتیان با استفاده از رگرسیون چند متغیره
فائزه بوبوری فرج الله فیاضی محمد نخعی علی اکبر متکان -
Open Access Article
409 - کاربرد روش موازنه فشار تزریق و فشار سطح آب مخزن در کنترل نشتی سد زاوین (استان خراسان رضوی)
Akbar Ghazifard ناصر حافظی مقدس ناصر تالی -
Open Access Article
410 - ناپایداری دامنه های رودخانه رجدون تحت تاثیر بارگذاری لرزه ای (شمال گناوه)
عباس کنگی Jafar Rahnamarad نادر سعادت خواه علی روحانی -
Open Access Article
411 - تعیین پارامتر های جنبش نیرومند زمین به روش DBE و MCE در ساختگاه سد سلمان فارسی جنوب غرب فارس - ایران
مهرداد پژوهان سید مصطفی مرتضوی مهدی آباد -
Open Access Article
412 - بررسی رابطه تغییرات دبی آب رودخانه چمشیر با شاخص های مورفوتکتونیکی در محل احداث سد چمشیر
مهدی مشعل محمد رضا صابری عبدالمجید اسدی جهانبخش احسانی -
Open Access Article
413 - تفسیر داده های نفوذپذیری و خورند سیمان در عملیات تزریق تحکیمی سد مخزنی چراغ ویس کردستان بر اساس زمین شناسی زیر ساختگاه سد
جمال زادهش فواد رستگار حسین میرزائی نصیرآباد حاصل امینی خوشالان -
Open Access Article
414 - The effects of irrigation periods and soil texture on fruits number, vascular transport defect of ovule (seed) and fruits blankness in two pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cultivars
farkhondeh rezanejad Najmeh Hosseini Elaheh ZamaniBahramabadiThe vascular system allows plants to rapidly transport water and nutrients over long distances between roots and other plant parts. It also provides mechanical support for the plant body. In this study, the effect of soil texture (light and heavy) and irrigation periods MoreThe vascular system allows plants to rapidly transport water and nutrients over long distances between roots and other plant parts. It also provides mechanical support for the plant body. In this study, the effect of soil texture (light and heavy) and irrigation periods (24 and 48 days) were assayed on vascular transport defect of ovules and fruits blankness in two pistachio cultivars (Kalehghoochi and Ahmadaghae). Eight weeks after flowering, some branches were kept in disodium fluorescein solution. Then, the small fruits were sectioned by hand and studied with fluorescence microscopy for vascular defect. The rate of fruit blankness was determined at harvest time too. Overall levels of developed ovules (fruits) in each inflorescence as well as fruit blankness were studied. The fruits numbers were higher in shorter irrigation period (24 days) and heavy soil compared with longer irrigation period (48 days) and light soil. Also, the rate of vascular transport defect in ovules as well as fruit blankness were higher too. These results can be attributed to the higher number of fruits produced in high water availability and heavy soil, as optimal condition, and in results, their stronger competition for fruit filling. It was also shown that in comparison with Ahmadaghaee cultivar, the Kaleghoochi cultivar mostly through the vascular transport blocking in developing ovules (seeds) is resulted in blankness of fruits. Vascular transport defects can occur transiently and be repaired by the plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - Evaluation of cytotoxic effect of Ruta graveolens L. Hydro alcoholic extract in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa)
seyed milad mousavi jazayeri elahe ebrahimi Masoud parsaniaAbstract Introduction Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. In some cases, the lack of appropriate response to treatment with chemical drugs and the side effects of using synthetic drugs show necessary to achieve a natural drug that has minimal si MoreAbstract Introduction Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. In some cases, the lack of appropriate response to treatment with chemical drugs and the side effects of using synthetic drugs show necessary to achieve a natural drug that has minimal side effects. This study was evaluated effects of Hydroalcoholic extracts Ruta graveolens L. against of HeLa cell. Material and Methods HeLa cells were cultivated in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Preparation of extract were done by maceration technique. This study were assessed the effects of different concentrations (250, 500, 750, 1000 and 1500 μg/ml) of Ruta graveolens L. on the proliferation of HeLa cells at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment of cells with extract and medium containing 1% serum by Trypan blue and MTT methods. Finding The cytotoxic concentration 50% (CC50) of the extract was determined on HeLa cell 1500 ug/ml. The results showed that concentrations of 1000 ug/ml of Ruta graveolens L. extract, after 72 hours showed a significant decrease in the proliferation of HeLa cells compared with control. Conclusion: The results of this study showed Ruta graveolens L. extract can inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells. Keyword: Cytotoxic effect, Ruta graveolens L. extract, HeLa cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - مقایسه اثر کاتالیستی فولرن، گرافن و نانولوله کربنی (5،0) بر واجذب هیدروژن در سدیم آلانیت به عنوان منبع ذخیره هیدروژن در پیلهای سوختی
مرجان رفیعی -
Open Access Article
417 - Synthesis of layered double hydroxide nanostructures for adsorption of crystal violet dye from aqueous solutions
Ahmad Raeisi vanani Saeid Asadpour Narges Sarmast Masoomeh KooravandThe presence of crystal violet dye in various industries wastewater causes environmental pollution and various diseases in humans and other organisms. Therefore, research about the elimination or destruction of this pollutant is necessary. In present study, the efficien MoreThe presence of crystal violet dye in various industries wastewater causes environmental pollution and various diseases in humans and other organisms. Therefore, research about the elimination or destruction of this pollutant is necessary. In present study, the efficiency of layer double hydroxides modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (LDH/SDS) as adsorbent was studied to remove this pollutant from wastewater. After synthesis of the adsorbent, it was characterized with instrumental techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of parameters such as pH, contact time, and initial concentration was studied with experimental design. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tamkin's equations were estimated in order to find the best isotherm model for absorption data. Experimental data were fitted with Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, and interparticle diffusion kinetic models, and the best kinetic model was presented. The validity of equation was confirmed with the results of experimental design and their statistical analysis. Analysis of the data showed that the adsorption of crystal violet on LDH/SDS follows Langmuir isotherm model and Pseudo-Second-Order kinetic model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - Nitrate removal from aqueous solution with modified clinoptilolite zeolite
َAzadeh jodaei azam afaghi darooush yousefpourNitrate ions are considered as a serious threat to surface and underground water sources due to their high solubility in water. Therefore, it is necessary to remove them from water sources. There are many ways to remove nitrate from water. Among the simple ones, removal MoreNitrate ions are considered as a serious threat to surface and underground water sources due to their high solubility in water. Therefore, it is necessary to remove them from water sources. There are many ways to remove nitrate from water. Among the simple ones, removal with adsorbents such as zeolites can be mentioned. In this research, particles of copper oxide/iron oxide were loaded on the Miyaneh clinoptilolite zeolite. The physical and chemical properties of prepared nanosorbents were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS), and specific surface area measurement by BET method. After choosing the appropriate adsorbent, The effects of operating parameters such as pollutant concentration, adsorbent dose, and solution pH on the removal efficiency were investigated. The highest nitrate adsorption efficiency was obtained on clinoptilolite zeolite loaded with 5% copper oxide at pH around 4-9, at low nitrate concentrations, and adsorbent dose of 15 mg/l. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - Electrocatalytic activity of Pt/C nanocatalyst stabilized by different amounts of sodium citrate in oxygen reduction reaction
Kulthum Mehrabinejad Mehdi KheirmandIn the present study, Pt(20wt%)/C electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in the cathode of fuel cells were synthesized with different amounts of trisodium citrate as stabilizing agent, to achieve higher efficiency of platinum electrocatalyst. The electrocatalyst MoreIn the present study, Pt(20wt%)/C electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in the cathode of fuel cells were synthesized with different amounts of trisodium citrate as stabilizing agent, to achieve higher efficiency of platinum electrocatalyst. The electrocatalysts containing platinum and trisodium citrate with ratios of 1:12, 1:9, 1:6, and 1:3 (Pt/C:TC) were prepared by using the saturation-reduction method. To evaluate the oxygen reduction reaction in the cathode catalyst layer in an acidic environment cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), rotating disk electrode (RDE), and finally electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were applied. Also, morphology of the catalysts was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the efficiency of the synthesized electrocatalysts at a ratio of 1:3 (Pt/C:TC) was better for oxygen reduction. It also had lower charge transfer resistance, more suitable distribution, and higher electrochemically active surface area (14.7 m2gPt). In addition, the number of electrons involved in the oxygen reduction reaction was calculated to follow the four-electron pathway for the electrocatalyst prepared at ratio of 1:3. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
420 - اثر مخلوط مواد فعال سطحی بر پایداری میکروحباب ها در حضور الکترولیت به منظور تصفیه ی پساب ها
مریم معلمی بهشته سهرابی -
Open Access Article
421 - Silver recovery from tailing dam of Ahangaran mine using leaching method
امیر مجتهدی اصغر عزیزی محمد کارآموزیانFeasibility of extraction of silver from tailing dam of Ahangaran mine was investigated by various leaching reagents including sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and sodium cyanide. The influence of mineral acids concentration indicats that the maximum silver MoreFeasibility of extraction of silver from tailing dam of Ahangaran mine was investigated by various leaching reagents including sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and sodium cyanide. The influence of mineral acids concentration indicats that the maximum silver recovery is obtained with 6 M hydrochloric acid, 4 M sulphuric acid and 5 M nitric acid and at leaching time of 80 min. The further increase in sulfuric and hydrochloric acid concentrations had no considerable effect on the increment of silver recovery. The role of H2O2 as oxidant agent was also evaluated on silver recovery. The results demonstrated that the most silver recoveries by sulphuric acid obtained at 2 M H2O2, and thereafter recovery reduced with increasing the H2O2 concentration. In addition, statistical design of experiments was used to evaluate the influential factors in the silver recovery using sodium cyanide. The findings indicated that among main factors, solid percentage and among interactions, interactive effect of solid percentage and pH had the most influence on silver extraction rate. The maximum silver recovery )58.16 %( using sodium cyanide was achieved under following conditions: the pH ~11, solid percentage of 20, particles size of 75 μm )200 mesh(, 0.1185 g/t NaCN, and leaching time of 4 h. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
422 - روشی ساده و نوین برای استخراج مقادیر ناچیز سورفاکتانت سدیم دودسیل سولفات موجود در آمونیم پرکلرات و شناسایی کیفی آن با طیفسنجی FT-IR
محمد رضا جلالی فراهانی رضا زادمرد -
Open Access Article
423 - Study on the removal of diclofenac sodium from an aqueous medium using natural clinoptilolite zeolite modified with Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide cationic surfactant
Reza Nodehi Ahmad Rahbar-KelishamiZeolites are crystalline and hydrated aluminosilicates from earth alkali and alkaline metals, which are used to the removal and separation of pharmaceutical pollutants due to their chemical structure and proper surface area. In the present study, first, natural zeolite MoreZeolites are crystalline and hydrated aluminosilicates from earth alkali and alkaline metals, which are used to the removal and separation of pharmaceutical pollutants due to their chemical structure and proper surface area. In the present study, first, natural zeolite was powdered by ball mill, and after that, it was modified by a cationic surfactant of the Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The modified zeolite was investigated by XRF, FTIR, SEM, BET, and XRD techniques. According to BET results, surface area, average pore diameter, and pore volume of the sample were 12 m2/g, 31.55 nm, and 0.094 cm3/g, respectively. Additionally, the efficiency of the sample was studied for removal of diclofenac from the aqueous medium. The results showed that environmental factors, such as adsorbent dose, contact time, pH, temperature, and diclofenac concentration were effective in removal percentage. In addition, the kinetic data were described better with pseudo-second-order kinetic model, also, the equilibrium data for adsorption of diclofenac were fitted well by Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity was 34.364 mg/g at 298 K approximately. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
424 - ارتقای کیفیت نفت خام فوق سنگین با استفاده از سدیم مولیبدات تجاری
سید کمال مسعودیان طرقی سپهر صدیقی عاطفه توفیق زهرا خدادادی -
Open Access Article
425 - بررسی پاکسازی شیمیایی رسوب آلاینده از سطحهای سیلیسیم و کروم دستگاههای صنعتی با استفاده از عاملهای کیلیتکننده
مرتضی خسروی ساناز طالبی -
Open Access Article
426 - کپسوله کردن آلیسین در نانوذرات پلیمری زیست تخریب پذیر و بررسی ویژگیهای نانوکپسولها
مهین فکور یزدان آباد قدیر رجب زاده سعید تقوایی گنجعلی -
Open Access Article
427 - بررسی مقدار جذب کاتیون+Na به وسیلهی سامانههای ناهمگن جدید بر پایهی کالیکس آرنهای پایدار شده بر روی سطح سیلیکاژل
ماندانا صابر تهرانی -
Open Access Article
428 - تهیه ماده سطح فعال آنیونی سدیم دیاکتیل سولفوسوکسینات و بررسی فعالیت کاتالیستی امبرلیست-15
مجتبی تارین سید مجتبی مشمول مقدم سمیع صالحی امیر شکوه سلجوقی -
Open Access Article
429 - Green synthesis of Ag nanoparticels using salvia hydrangea extract and Peach kernel shell as a natural valuable support: Investigation of catalytic activity in reduction of methylene Blue and Rhodamine B
بهار خدادادیIn these research, the green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles )AgNPs( and AgNPs/Peach kernel shell )Ag/ P.K. Shell(, using peach kernel shell as an environmentally benign support and Salvia hydrangea extract as the reducing agent in the absence of any stabilizer or surfact MoreIn these research, the green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles )AgNPs( and AgNPs/Peach kernel shell )Ag/ P.K. Shell(, using peach kernel shell as an environmentally benign support and Salvia hydrangea extract as the reducing agent in the absence of any stabilizer or surfactant is reported. Samples were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy )FTIR(, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy )FE-SEM( equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy )EDS(, Elemental mapping, X-ray Diffraction analysis )XRD(, and Transmittance Electron Microscopy )TEM(. These synthesized catalysts were used in the reduction of Methylene Blue )MB( and Rhodamine B )RhB( at room temperature. The Ag/ P.K. shell showed excellent catalytic activity in the reduction of these organic dyes. In addition, it was found that AgNPs/Apricot kernel shell can be recovered and reused several times without significant loss of catalytic activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - مقایسه عملکرد باکتریهای مزوفیل و ترموفیل در حذف بیولوژیکی مس از کنسانتره مولیبدنیت مجتمع مس سرچشمه در راکتور بیولیچینگ
زهرا منافی رضا آتش دهقان مریم کارگرراضی -
Open Access Article
431 - Core–shell TiO2 coated magnetic mesoporous Nanocomposite modified with a surfactant for the removal of methylene blue dye from environmental water samples
maryam ezoddin laleh adl nasabIn this study, a core–shell TiO2 coated magnetic mesoporous nanocomposite (Fe3O4@MCM@TiO2) was synthesized and modified with an anionic surfactant for the removal of a cationic dye, (methylene blue) from well and wastewater samples. Fe3O4 was loaded on mesopore (M MoreIn this study, a core–shell TiO2 coated magnetic mesoporous nanocomposite (Fe3O4@MCM@TiO2) was synthesized and modified with an anionic surfactant for the removal of a cationic dye, (methylene blue) from well and wastewater samples. Fe3O4 was loaded on mesopore (MCM-41) and coated with TiO2 as a nano platelet shell. An anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), was used to modify the adsorbent through hemimicelles/admicelles process and also to prevent the agglomeration of the adsorbent. The surface chemical characteristics and morphology of the prepared Fe3O4@MCM@TiO2were studied by the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analytical techniques. The effect of effective parameters for the removal of methylene blue was also studied. The adsorption data fitted with the Langmuir model showed a short equilibrium time with the maximum capacity uptake of 227.27 mg g-1. This method was successfully applied for removal of methylene blue in environmental water samples with an appropriate recovery in the range of 89.0 and 94.2%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - Aspects of Heavenly Bodies in the poetry of Nezāmi Ganjavi (Conjunction, Opposition, Quadrate, Trine and sextile)
مظاهر نیکواه Based on old beliefs, astrology reading is a means of divination that studies the position and aspects of heavenly bodies with a view to predicting their influences on human affairs. It correlates celestial cycles and positions with terrestrial events and experi More Based on old beliefs, astrology reading is a means of divination that studies the position and aspects of heavenly bodies with a view to predicting their influences on human affairs. It correlates celestial cycles and positions with terrestrial events and experiences. The Iranian poet, Nezāmi Ganjavi, by using astrology, illustrates “aspects of heavenly bodies”. The present paper studies his poems about conjunction, opposition, quadrate, trine and sextile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - بازتاب جلوههایی از کاخهای دورة ساسانی در اشعار شعرای جاهلی
عزت ملاابراهیمی -
Open Access Article
434 - Presentation of strategic planning implementation of ecotourism development in Karoon Dam-3 in Khoozestan Province
S. Rezaeian S.A. JoziIn this study to presentation of strategic planning of Karoon Dam-3 Lake , by filling Clawson questionnaire in form of Travel Cost Method (TCM), the analyzing and evaluating of ecotourism demand index were done. to do so, 220 Clawson questionnaires were completed at hig MoreIn this study to presentation of strategic planning of Karoon Dam-3 Lake , by filling Clawson questionnaire in form of Travel Cost Method (TCM), the analyzing and evaluating of ecotourism demand index were done. to do so, 220 Clawson questionnaires were completed at high season (November 2010 to August 2011). Results of this study are shown that, outdoor recreational value of this area is 3,175,850,000Iranian Rials every month. In order to present ecotourism development quantitative strategic plan for Karoon Dam-3 the “SWOT” method was used. weighted scores for internal factor evaluation matrix was calculated as 3/12 and for external factor evaluation matrix was calculated as 1/78. regarding the results of the quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM), “the creation of new job opportunities strategy" being based on natural and cultural potentials of this area in order to support handicrafts, protection of cultural identity and to prevent the native's emigration, (ST4) by 4/78 score was recommended as the first priority for ecotourism development in karoon3 dam lake. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - A comparison on effects of different concentrations of sodium chloride on activeness of anti oxidant enzymes, smolites and photosynthetic pigments in Dunaliella salina
A.S. Borhani Sabzevar A. Sateie M. GhorbanliThe present study evaluated the effects of concentration of sodium chloride in medium culture on fluctuations of activeness of anti oxidant enzymes (such as catalase, scorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), fluctuations of smolites contents (such as MoreThe present study evaluated the effects of concentration of sodium chloride in medium culture on fluctuations of activeness of anti oxidant enzymes (such as catalase, scorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), fluctuations of smolites contents (such as glycine betaine, and proline) and fluctuations of quantity of pigments. The experimental strain was grown in three treatments with 2.5, 7.5 and 12.5 percent sodium chloride and was subject to evaluation of the target parameters. The strain grown in 7.5 percent treatment showed most growth compared to other treatments. Also greatest values for chlorophyll A (10.3 milligram per gram wet weight of algae), chlorophyll B (0.753 milligram per gram wet weight of algae), and beta-carotene (0.211 milligram per gram wet weight of algae); but an increase in chlorophyll B was seen in other treatments. Results of enzyme evaluations showed that activeness of peroxydase and ascorbic peroxydase increased significantly in the two other sodium chloride treatments (p<0.05). Moreover, glycine betain concentration in optimum condition was more than the other two treatments (P<0.05). In non optimum condition, concentration of proline increased significantly (P<0.05). Growth in 7.5 percent sodium chloride was greatest; it is likely that cells in order to eliminate stress of salinity change components of photosynthetic antennae to increase photo system 2 combined with synthesizing proline and anti oxidative enzyme proteins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - Evaluation of Drinking and Agricultural Water Quality in the North of Qazvin Plain's Springs
B. Talebi N. Sajjadi T. SharmadGroundwater is the most important source for various uses, including drinking and farming requirements. In Qazvin plain region the existence of these resources such as springs are very important for livelihood and consumption of the region’s population. In this st MoreGroundwater is the most important source for various uses, including drinking and farming requirements. In Qazvin plain region the existence of these resources such as springs are very important for livelihood and consumption of the region’s population. In this study, fifteen springs were sampled in 2013. The aim of this study was to evaluate water quality of springs in the north region of Qazvin plain for drinking and agricultural purposes. For this purpose, for classification of water quality for drinking water, the Water Quality Index (WQI) method and for agricultural water usages, Wilcox classification, sodium percentage and RSC was used. The results indicated that among springs evaluated, based on the WQI method, about 93 percent of them were categorized in good and excellent range and about 7 percent in poor range. Based on Wilcox classification, about 80 percent of samples were categorized in the range of low salt level suitable for agriculture (C2S1), and 20 percent were categorized as salty and should only be used when necessary(C3S1). The classification based on the percentage of sodium, showed that about 80 percent of the samples examined were in excellent, good and acceptable conditions and 20 percent were in uncertain status. Similarly, according to RSC rankings, about 93 percent had acceptable quality, and 7 percent had poor quality. In general, according to the results of classification of this study area, springs were suitable and favorable for drinking and farming purposes and a few need further monitoring and investigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - Survey of length - weight relationship of Astacus leptodactylus in shian dam Kermanshah province
P. Heshmatzad B. Mokhayer H. EmadiThis research was done on Astacus leptodactylus in Shian Reservoir of Kermanshah province from September 2010 to August 2011. The purpose of this research was survey on length - weight of Astacus leptodactylus. Total specimens were 182 crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus), MoreThis research was done on Astacus leptodactylus in Shian Reservoir of Kermanshah province from September 2010 to August 2011. The purpose of this research was survey on length - weight of Astacus leptodactylus. Total specimens were 182 crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus), including 126 male & 56 female from Shian lake dam. The sex ratio observed was 2.25:1(males /females). The average length in female and male were 133.86 12.99 &137.80 13.93 mm respectively, so there were significant difference between them (P<0.05).Maximum length measured in males and females were 182 &160 mm respectively. Also the average weight for male and female crayfishes were 75.21 24.15 & 91.9833.57 gr respectively. There were significant differences between them (P<0.01).Maximum weight between male and female crayfishes were 244 &120 gr.In this research length and weight of male crayfish were more than that of the female crayfish.The function coefficients obtained between them length and weight crayfish was from 2.1 Shian dam W= 256.52 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - Environmental risk assessment of Azad Dam using multiple criteria decision making method
R. Arjmandi S. Malmasi R. Nezakati Z. AllahdadAzad Dam, in the western areas of Kordestan province, is located on KomasiRiver in the distance of 37 kilometers at the west of Sanandaj and 39 kilometers at the south-east of Marivan. In this research, risk assessments of activities during construction phases of the da MoreAzad Dam, in the western areas of Kordestan province, is located on KomasiRiver in the distance of 37 kilometers at the west of Sanandaj and 39 kilometers at the south-east of Marivan. In this research, risk assessments of activities during construction phases of the dam have been studied in order to mitigate the probable risks. To reach this goal, one of the multiple criteria decision making methods by the name of multiple Attribute Decision Making has been used. Firstly, the risk factors have been recognized and ranked based on their importance, intensity and probable occurrence using Delphi questionnaire Method. Results were analyzed using SPSS software. In the next stage, the whole risk factors of Azad Dam were weighted and their priorities were determined applying Entropy method. Finally, environmental risks were ranked using TOPSIS Model. Results declare that the most important risks of the plan include the risk of soil pollution and land-cover destruction with the score of 0.895, Komasi River water contamination with the score of 0.667, intense reduction of organic matters and nutrients in Komasi River flow at down side of the dam with a score of 0.597. At the end of this research, an environmental management program was presented to mitigate or control the probable risks of the project. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
439 - AN investigation on environmental impact of Polrud Dam and providing strategies reducing environmental impacts
M. Moradi S. M. T. Sadatipour N. M. Sharifloo M. ZaeimdarPolrud dam is constructed on PolrudRiver, at 17 kilometers southwest of Kalachay city in EastGilanProvince. The capacity of the dam is 30 million cubic meters. The main goal of this study is to investigate adverse effects of the constructed dam. Also, a mitigation plan MorePolrud dam is constructed on PolrudRiver, at 17 kilometers southwest of Kalachay city in EastGilanProvince. The capacity of the dam is 30 million cubic meters. The main goal of this study is to investigate adverse effects of the constructed dam. Also, a mitigation plan was recommended. To achive this goal, some information was gathered about physical, biological, socio – economic characteristics of the up stream basin of the dam. In this paper, list of activities performed during the construction of the dam, was introduced in details. The combination matrix method (LEOPOLD & ICOLD) was applied to quantify the effects of such activities on the environment. Results of aggregate values for matrix,showed that 47 percent of values were negative and others were positive. Negative impacts (permanent or temperate) were not more than 50 percent of total. Hence construction and operation of polrud dam in the viewpoint of environmental management is justifiable. an dir=LTR> ICOLD Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
440 - BOD Dispersion Modeling in Minab Reservoir
M. Saghafi K. Keyhan M. MahdaviThe multi-purpose Minab Dam reservoir has been studied in this article. 8 scenarios determined for 2 kinds of pollutants, Conservative & Decay. Where the pollutants in two points, one near the dam axis (or the first scenario, S1) and another at the inlet reservoir ( MoreThe multi-purpose Minab Dam reservoir has been studied in this article. 8 scenarios determined for 2 kinds of pollutants, Conservative & Decay. Where the pollutants in two points, one near the dam axis (or the first scenario, S1) and another at the inlet reservoir (the second scenario, S2) will be discharged, in both wet time (2005) and drought (2007) has defined and implemented.In these studies, acronyms are: wet and drought, respectively, with signs of W and D, respectively, with symptoms of Decay & Conservative Mass, D and C.Comparison of two scenarios D.C.S1 and W.C.S1 shows that distribution of pollutant in the first hours, while almost 120 hours after the entry of pollutants is similar to the dispersion of pollutants in the environment is wet most of the time of drought.In scenarios W.C.S2 and D.C.S2, the only difference is dispersion time in the first hours; the surface is occupied by the same pollutants.Theonly difference is about approximately 5 to 10 days after entry of pollutants into the environment. In this way the wet dispersion of pollutants is increasing, while at the same time, drought in the initial distribution rate of diffusion remains.Scenarios can be seen that the amount of pollutants in D.D.S1 and W.D.S1, decay mass is reduced during dispersion.Similar conclusionsof W.D.S2 and D.D.S2 were also as same as two other scenarios W.D.S1 and D.D.S1 shows.This study shows that dispersion of pollutants inthe aqueous environment is affected by two parameter: 1) Nature of pollutants being dispersed in (Conservative or Decay), 2)The time, wet and drought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
441 - Environmental Risk Assessment of Shafarood Dam by using Multi-Attribute Decision Making Method
S. Rezaian S.A. Jozi N. Moradi majdShafarood Dam is located at 27 km from the Hashtpar city of Guilan Province. In order to identify the environmental hazards caused by the construction of the dam measured and compared was with standards pollutions of surface water and groundwater and the air. To this, f MoreShafarood Dam is located at 27 km from the Hashtpar city of Guilan Province. In order to identify the environmental hazards caused by the construction of the dam measured and compared was with standards pollutions of surface water and groundwater and the air. To this, following identification of tasks and the environment of the study area with respect to the intensity, probability and possible consequences of those effects on the human, environment and equipment by using Topsis Fuzzy and AHP methods; identification and categorization of risks were performed under Delphi methods. To more, risk factors were categorized under natural, biophysical and human events. Scientific methods applied in this study are TOPSIS and AHP, which constitute MADM method. Then, to prioritize risk factors based on their importance, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used by way of entering values to Expert Choice Software. In the TOPSIS method; excavation and backfilling, drilling explosion works were given weights of 3.771, 2.981 and 2.851 respectively and were ranked from first to third. In AHP method; excavation and backfilling were given a final weight of 0.897 with the first priority, whereas the drilling and explosion were given final weights of 0.677 and 0.694 with the second and third priority.The more presented strategies to control and reduce identified risks. Keep moist levee and produce less dust during unloading times, Minimum soil translocation in season rainfall and prevent the movement of soil material at least on loan from the main river bed and corrective measures are introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - Study on the structure of phytoplankton population in the Lar dam lake
F. KarbalaeeIn this study, in order to investigate limnological and biological parameters of Lar dam lake such as indentification determination of the density and distribution of phytoplanktons, sampling were done during 3 months (July-August-September) and fixed in formalin 4% and MoreIn this study, in order to investigate limnological and biological parameters of Lar dam lake such as indentification determination of the density and distribution of phytoplanktons, sampling were done during 3 months (July-August-September) and fixed in formalin 4% and transferred to laboratory for further investigation under inverted microscope. In this study, 24 genera which belonged to 5 phytoplanktonic phyla were identified. Among these genera, 8 were belonged to Ochriphyta, 7 generaus was belonged to Chlorophyta, 3 genera were belonged to Dinophyta, 1 genera were belonged to Euglenophyta, 5 generaus was belonged to Cyanobacteria. In this reservoir dam, Ochriphyta was the dominant phytoplanktom phylum with being annually 88.59% of the population, and followeding by genera Asterionella was dominat samples. The others Other phytoplanktonic phylla were: Chlrophyta, Cyanobacteria, Dinophyta and Euglenophyta with following frequencies: of 6.48%, 2.88%, 1.76% and 0.25% respectively, followed by the and following genera: (Pandorina, Scendemus, Closterium, Oocystis, Gonium, Chodatella and Chlorella), (Anabaena, Merismopedia, Oscillatoria, Gleocapsa, and Coelosphaerium), (Peridinium, Gymnodinium and Ceratium) and (Euglena). In all of the sampling months, the highest average density was belonged to Ochriphyta with 1560733 number per liter and the dominant genus of this phyllum which was observed in high number during in a months, was Asterionella. After that was, followed by Chlorophyta with average number of 164600 per liter and its dominant genera were Scenedesmus, Pandorina and Chlorella, respectively. Biological studies indicated that this reservoir had low planktonic generation potential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
443 - Costal classification of Chabahar coast from the viewpoint of coastline interaction using empirical methods
K. Lari S.M. ShahrokhiClassification of coasts entails a general knowledge of the coasts, regarding the characteristics of the waves, tide, sediment and morphodynamics. Chabahar port is very important from the viewpoint of oceanography, political and economical issues. In this research, by u MoreClassification of coasts entails a general knowledge of the coasts, regarding the characteristics of the waves, tide, sediment and morphodynamics. Chabahar port is very important from the viewpoint of oceanography, political and economical issues. In this research, by using Non-dimensional parameters, reactions of the coastline have been investigated according to the hydrodynamic circumstances, in three stations in Chabahar bay, using field measurements reported by Iranian Ports and Coastal Engineering Organization, from 1992 to 2002, using three methods of Hanson, Hayes and Masselink and Short. Results showed that the tide was semi-diurnal with an average tide range of 2.83 meters, the dominant wave direction was towards southwest, wave break was turbulent and sediment aggregation was fine. In the next stage, using empirical methods the situation of the coast was determined, using Hanson method it was wave - tide, whereas by the classification of Hayes it was a tide dominated (low) and by Masselink and Short classification it was low tide bar in most of the months and in some months ultra-dissipative beaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
444 - Environmental Risk Assessment of Balaroud Dam of Khuzestan`s construction Using Analytical Hierarchy Process
S. A. Jozi S. M. Hosseini M. Tabib ShoshtareThis study attempts to determine and assess the Risks due Construction of Balaroud Dam.After the recognition of the activities and the environment of the field under the study with regard to the magnitude of the effects, the likelihood of the possible consequences for h MoreThis study attempts to determine and assess the Risks due Construction of Balaroud Dam.After the recognition of the activities and the environment of the field under the study with regard to the magnitude of the effects, the likelihood of the possible consequences for humans, the environment and the working equipments were identified and the classification of the risks based on the delfi method was conducted and the risk-creating factors were classified naturally, biophysically, and anthropogenically. The methodology used was analytical Hierarchy Process. After the creation of the hierarchy of risks; paired comparison matrices were formed with regard to the risk of danger and effect magnitude. Moreover, to obtain the relative and final weight of each of these factors, preferences amounts were given to the expert choice software. results show that cut and fills with the final weight of 0. 277 is the most import risk in the region. Also, drilling and explosion with the final weights of 0.60 and 0.111 are of second and third priority. Other factors are lower in priority. Measures to control and reduce risks are alsoprovided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
445 - A survey on morphometric and meristic characteristics of Squalius cephalus(Linnaeus, 1758) population of Tajan river in Mazandaran Province
M. Babazadeh S. VatandoostIn this study, during a sampling period from summer 2011 to spring 2012, a total number of 167 samples of Squalius cephalus were gathered, from which 86 ones were taken from Shahid Rajai Dam Lake and 81 from Tajan River (downside of the dam). In this study 27 features o MoreIn this study, during a sampling period from summer 2011 to spring 2012, a total number of 167 samples of Squalius cephalus were gathered, from which 86 ones were taken from Shahid Rajai Dam Lake and 81 from Tajan River (downside of the dam). In this study 27 features of morphometric and 9 features of meristic characteristics were analyzed. The obtained data was analyzed and tested using SPSS 16 with T-test and PCA. Based on the obtained results, the main CV of morphometric and meristic characteristic of Squalius cephalus in the Shahid Rajai Dam Lake were 34.82 and 7.33 percent and Tajan River (down the dam) were 20.48 and 6.26 percent, respectively. The morphometric characteristics before analysis were standardized to reduce mistake resulting from alometric growth. About the morphometric characteristics, 10 factors that showed 81.37 percent variety of characteristics and about the meristic characteristics 4 factors that showed 66.84 percent of characteristic varieties were taken between these two stations. Also the Squalius cephalus of these two stations had significant difference in five characteristics (p≤0.05). In the obtained results, by using the method of breaking in to major parameters (PCA), there was a rather low level of overlapping. Yet no population separation witnessed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - Optimization of nisin concentration in fermented beef sausage to decrease sodium nitrite concentration in the final product
Fatemeh Vaheb Nafiseh Sadat Naghavi Zarrindokht Emami-KarvaniBacteriocins such as nisin produced by lactic acid bacteria exhibit antimicrobial activity at very low concentrations without side effects. The aim of the present study was to optimize nisin content in fermented beef to achieve optimum pH and microbial community as well MoreBacteriocins such as nisin produced by lactic acid bacteria exhibit antimicrobial activity at very low concentrations without side effects. The aim of the present study was to optimize nisin content in fermented beef to achieve optimum pH and microbial community as well as reduction of nitrite concentration in the final product. In this experimental laboratory research, fermented beef was prepared using Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus sakei. Then, optimization of nisin and sodium nitrite concentrations were done by response surface methodology based on the pH decrease and spoilage causing microbial count in fermented product. Among treatments, 3 treatments with respectively 80 and 100 ppm sodium nistrit and nisin, 128.28 and 140 ppm sodium nitrite and nisin and 180 and 196 ppm sodium nistrit and nisin showed the best results based on pH and spoilage causing microbial count reduction. The residual nitrite contents in these three treatments reduced to 5.7 to 8.47 ppm, which were lower than the limited amount. Clostridium was absent in all three beef products after one mount storage at 4 °C. Addition of nisin to fermented beef significantly decreased the nitrite concentration. Therefore, the usage of nisin is recommended as a preservative in beef sausage industries in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
447 - Etiology of macroeconomic corruption and providing social preventive solutions: Looking at the United Nations Convention to Combat Corruption
علیرضا دودانگه مریم Bejestani reza ziyariField and Aims: Today, the emergence and spread of macro-economic corruption in the country with large dimensions and numerous criminal titles has become news through mass media, especially in the virtual space, and inflames the psychological atmosphere of the society. MoreField and Aims: Today, the emergence and spread of macro-economic corruption in the country with large dimensions and numerous criminal titles has become news through mass media, especially in the virtual space, and inflames the psychological atmosphere of the society. Therefore, to prevent and fight against this sinister phenomenon, the etiology of economic corruption is considered the first and most important step, and the responsible institutions in the prevention and fight against economic corruption can definitely know the cause. The causes of economic corruption should take basic and effective measures to deal with this problem.Method: The present research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: several reasons from the individual, cultural and social, political and economic dimensions for the occurrence of macroeconomic corruption can be counted, as well as things such as education and raising the level of public awareness, the role of civil institutions in preventing macroeconomic corruption, Equipping the media and developing codes of conduct are among the solutions for social prevention of macro-economic corruptions, which are emphasized in the United Nations Convention on Combating Corruption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
448 - وصایت حضرت علی (ع) و بازتاب آن در شعر پارسی تا پیش از دورۀ صفویه
باقر قربانی زرین -
Open Access Article
449 - مقایسهی برآورد حداکثر بارش محتمل به دو روش آماری در حوضهی آبریز رودخانهی کرج
افسانه عباسی زین العابدین جعفرپور -
Open Access Article
450 - "Feasibility of obtaining a guarantee for non-satisfied interests in corrupt contracts In Iranian Law and Imami Jurisprudence"
Alireza Mohammadbeyki hoseein asadzadeh Meisam jamaliAlthough the principle necessarily is that the legal subjects´ assets to be protected; but today, we see that due to different reasons some gap intervenes between an owner and their assets. Examples for this issue are usurpation and also delivery by an invalid con MoreAlthough the principle necessarily is that the legal subjects´ assets to be protected; but today, we see that due to different reasons some gap intervenes between an owner and their assets. Examples for this issue are usurpation and also delivery by an invalid contract. There is no doubt about the requirement of recovering or substituting a property usurped or delivered by an invalid contract. Also, there is little doubt about the guarantee for the received benefits. But, regarding the fact that whether it is feasible for the unused benefits to be realized or not, we see a diversity of comments, i.e., we see that the law falls silent about these issues, and there is a diversity of jurisprudential rules along with lack of comprehensiveness of subjects, therefore, the necessity of the present research becomes justified. Thus, by descriptive-analytical methods, the present research tried to review and analyze the jurisprudents´ and lawyers´ positions regarding realization of unused benefits claims in an invalid contract. The results showed that the issue in Islamic jurisprudence has been a disputed issue since the past, although, by adducing evidences such as the rule of presumption of possession, consensus, and rule of equality of rules received for an invalid contract with usurped institution, accepting the rule of liability for unused benefits in an invalid contract seems to be reasonable; moreover, from the legal perspective, although civil code provides no expressed rule on unused benefits in invalid contracts, by correct interpretation of the available rules, it can be ruled for liability for unused benefits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
451 - Evaluating the Spatial Consequences of the Relocation of Yakh Kash Village in Mazandaran Province with the Approach of Environmental Sustainability
Mahsa Tehrani Rajabi Roozbeh ZamanianThe implementation of the Yakh Kash village relocation plan was carried out in 2008 due to the flooding of the Golvard dam and the risk of flooding, which had many consequences for the lives of the villagers. The aim of the present research was to investigate and evalua MoreThe implementation of the Yakh Kash village relocation plan was carried out in 2008 due to the flooding of the Golvard dam and the risk of flooding, which had many consequences for the lives of the villagers. The aim of the present research was to investigate and evaluate the consequences of village relocation and the problems of the people of Yakh Kash village in Behshahr city. Library documents and field studies have been used to achieve the desired goal of this research. Also, by using different methods of information gathering, especially observation and interview with 51 households, the opinions and problems of the residents regarding the new village were investigated. Exploratory factor analysis was used for evaluation. . The results of the study indicate that most of the rural households did not do animal husbandry after relocation. The problem of eliminating animal husbandry in Yakh Kash village has caused many problems such as reducing the income sources of the household and increasing the cost of living, which has shown itself as the biggest problems of the villagers after relocation. Also, based on the results of the exploratory factor analysis, non-observance of physical-infrastructural considerations, non-observance of environmental considerations in the construction of a new village, inappropriate social performance of the new settlement, problems related to the economic status of the rural household and inappropriate performance of the new settlements are the most important problems of the villagers from the cultural-psychological dimension. After displacement, they were evaluated to account for 46.52% of the cumulative variance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
452 - The Effects of Salinity Stress on Yield and Yield Components and some Physiological Traits in Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) produced by Callus
mahsa fazel mohammad Armin Jalal Saba ali mohammad TazariChoose plants resistant to salinity at germination stage through in vitro culture are a reliable and economical method in order to select the salt tolerant plant. In this experiment the effect of different concentrations of salinity on mass cumin was investigated. , an MoreChoose plants resistant to salinity at germination stage through in vitro culture are a reliable and economical method in order to select the salt tolerant plant. In this experiment the effect of different concentrations of salinity on mass cumin was investigated. , an experiment was carried out in order to study the effect of different salinity levels on Cuminum cyminum varieties in a completely randomized design with three replications . In this paper , effect of : Salinity with five levels 0 , 3 , 6 and 9 Mm ( NaCl ) and eight varieties of Cuminum cyminum . Cumin variety include: Shiraz , Abadeh, Kerman, Jiroft, Birgand, Sabzevar, Torbat-e-Hydareyhe and Jagarm. Explant plumule produced from seedling vitro culture of Cumin for producing Callus and Subshrub regeneration with contents 1 mgL-1 NAA and 2 mgL-1 kinetin concentrations. Cumin from callus cultures were grown under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the effect of salinity. The result showed that all growth indices, economic and biological yield of cumin decreased with increasing salinity levels. Salinity also reduced the percentage of essential oils and k+. highest umbrella numbers per plant, seed numbers per umbrella, economic and biological yields in Kerman and highest percentage of essential oil and content of K+ was in Jiroft. Kerman in saline conditions of biological yields, umbrella numbers per plant was more than other varieties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
453 - Effect of seed priming and foliar application of selenium on physiological traits and Stink bug injury percentage of rainfed wheat Azar 2 cultivar
Nourali SajediIn order to study the effect of seed priming by selenium and foliar application on physiological charactristics and Stink bug injury percentage of Rainfed wheat, a one year field experiment was carried based on complete randomized block design with three replicates at t MoreIn order to study the effect of seed priming by selenium and foliar application on physiological charactristics and Stink bug injury percentage of Rainfed wheat, a one year field experiment was carried based on complete randomized block design with three replicates at the Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, in Iran during 2014. Twelve treatments were including control, seed priming with distilled water, priming with rates of 1, 2 and 3 mg/L Se alone; and along with spray of distilled water and Se (Sodum Selenite). The results showed that seed priming along with foliar application of distilled water, seed priming with distilled water plus foliar application of Se, seed priming with 3 mg/L Se along with foliar application of Se, increased the relative water content compared with the control. Seed priming with distilled water, foliar application of Se and seed priming with 2 mg/L Se, plus spray of Se decreased electrolyte leakage compared to the control. Foliar application of Se alone and seed priming with 1 mg/L Se plus spray of Se increased Chl a by 31.4 and 24.2 % compared to the control, respectively. Seed priming plus spray of Se decreased the Stink bug injury, significantly. The maximum seed yield was recorded for seed priming with 2 mg/L Se plus foliar application of Se. The results suggest that seed priming with distilled water and espicial Se at low amounts along with spray of Se can decrease electrolyte leakage and Stink bug injury percentage under rainfed condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
454 - Evaluation of effects of different Urea top-dressing methods and foliar application of selenium on wheat under rain fed condition
Mohammad Konani Nourali SajediThis experiment was carried out to investigate effects of foliar application of selenium and different Urea top-dressing methods on agronomic and physiological characteristics of rain fed wheat sardari cultivar during the growing season 2012-2013. Experimental factors w MoreThis experiment was carried out to investigate effects of foliar application of selenium and different Urea top-dressing methods on agronomic and physiological characteristics of rain fed wheat sardari cultivar during the growing season 2012-2013. Experimental factors were four levels of different Urea top-dressing methods (without application of Urea top-dressing; application of 60 kg/ha in tillering stage; application of 30 kg/ha in tillering stage combined with 200 mg/Lit before spike emergence; application of 20 kg/ha in tillering stage combined with 200 mg/Lit before spike emergence and 200 mg/Lit in the last spike emergence stage) and three levels of selenium (0, 5 and 10 mg/Lit). The results showed that the foliar application of selenium at 5 and 10 mg/lit decreased cell ion leakage by 6.7% and 5.3% compared to control, respectively. The application of 20 kg Urea/ha in the tillering stage combined with twice foliar application in reproductive stage at 200 mg/Lit along with foliar application of 10 mg/Lit selenium increased grain yield by 44.3% compared to the control and 12% compared to treatment of application 60 kg Urea/ha in the tillering stage. It could be concluded that by applying of 30 kg Urea/ha in the tillering stage combined with once foliar application in reproductive stage can be decreased by 50% Urea fertilizer application and obtain optimum yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
455 - The Effect of Salinity on Potassium, Sodium Accumulation and Aerial Parts Yield of Two Triticale (Triticosecale wittmack X ) Ecotypes during Different Growth Stages
Safora Farhang mehr Shiva Akbari Shahram Rezvan BeidokhtiSalinity is one of the main ecological factors that threaten the stability in dry and semi-dry lands and specifically in the lands that evaporation and transpiration dominate rainfall. In order to study the effect of different salinity levels on sodium and potassium con MoreSalinity is one of the main ecological factors that threaten the stability in dry and semi-dry lands and specifically in the lands that evaporation and transpiration dominate rainfall. In order to study the effect of different salinity levels on sodium and potassium concentration, aerial yield and relative water content of two triticale ecotypes, an experiment was performed basis on a complete randomized design with two factors and three replications in research greenhouse of the Islamic Azad university of Damghan. The first factor consisted of different salinity levels (0, 3, 6, 9, 11, 14 ds/m) built-up with pure NaCl and the second factor was two triticale ecotypes (Esfahan and Varzaneh). The result showed that by increasing the salinity the aerial yield and relative water content significantly decreased at all three growth stages which were before flowering, start of pregnancy and seed fermentation. At all three growth stages, the salinity significantly increased the concentration of sodium and potassium ions in the leaves of plant. The effect of ecotype and the interaction effect of salinity and ecotype were also significant on content of potassium at all growth stages but the interaction effect of salinity and ecotype on the sodium content was significant only at seed fermentation stage. The concentration of potassium ions was higher in Esfahan ecotype in all growth stages in comparison with the other ecotype. Therefore, it can be concluded that Esfahan ecotype is more tolerant to salinity stress at all growth stages in comparison with Varzaneh ecotype. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
456 - Ions content and antioxidant response of barley to different methods of salicylic acid application under salinity conditions
Elahe Hashemi Yahya Emam Hadi Pirasteh-AnoshehAlthough it has been well-known that salicylic acid (SA) can increase salinity tolerance in barley; there is no consensus on the best method and time of application. Thus, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design under controlled conditions was condu MoreAlthough it has been well-known that salicylic acid (SA) can increase salinity tolerance in barley; there is no consensus on the best method and time of application. Thus, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design under controlled conditions was conducted at College of Agriculture, Shiraz University in 2014. In this research, the effect of SA at five levels: control (No SA), seed priming, foliar application at complete establishment, double ridges and anthesis was examined on grain yield, sodium (Na+ ) and potassium (K+ ) concentration in shoot and root as well as antioxidant enzymes activities of barley cv. Reyhane under three salt stress levels: control, 6 and 12 dS m-1. The results showed that salt stress, depended to its severity reduced Na+ and increased K+ in shoot and root and enhanced antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, catalase, ascorbic peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, so that the most severe salt stress caused 147.4% increase in Na+ and 44.1% reduction in K+ . Nevertheless, SA in priming and foliar application could compensate some of these changes and so increased grain yield. For example, seed priming and foliar application at complete establishment, double ridges and anthesis increased K+ by 72.7%, 77.3%, 22.7% and 18.2% and decreased Na+ by 37.8%, 40.5%, 27.0% and 13.5%, respectively. Overall, it can be concluded that the highest positive effect f SA was observed in seed priming and foliar application at establishment, which showed that SA might induce more salt stress tolerance if applied at early growth stages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
457 - Screening for salt tolerance via assessment of ion levels and nutrient contents in Iranian alfalfa ecotypes
Masoud TorabiAn experiment was conducted in order to screening salt tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) ecotypes on the ion levels (Na+, Cl-) and nutrient contents (N, P, K) in University Putra Malaysia during 2008-2010. Five Iranian alfalfa ecotypes including Rehnani, Ghargholog MoreAn experiment was conducted in order to screening salt tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) ecotypes on the ion levels (Na+, Cl-) and nutrient contents (N, P, K) in University Putra Malaysia during 2008-2010. Five Iranian alfalfa ecotypes including Rehnani, Gharghologh, Shorkut, Bami and Nik-Shahri were evaluated for their response to salt stress in a split plot trial, where five ecotypes were as main plots and levels of salinity including 2, 6, 12, and 18 dS/m were as subplots. To assess of ion levels and nutrient contents the samples from shoots were obtained at each stage of salinity including 6, 12 and 18 dS/m. The results showed that the nutrients content and ion levels were affected by salt concentration and there were varying responses between ecotypes. Salt stress affected the concentration of Na+, Cl-, N, K+ but the concentration of P was not significantly affected by salinity levels. In terms of Na+, Cl-, N and K+ concentrations in shoot the ecotypes were significantly different, vice versa phosphorus concentration in shoot among the ecotypes was not significantly different. It is concluded that ecotype number 2 (Gharghologh) identified as the most tolerant ecotype because of minimum accumulation of Na+ and Cl- and maximum absorption of nutrients in its shoots. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
458 - The effect of magnetic saline water on absorption of sodium and potassium in Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) leaves
امین الله باقری فرد یوسف حمیداوغلیArtichoke (Cynara Scolymus L.) is a medicinal plant that is relative adaptation to salinity. This experiment was conducted as a completely randomized factorial design with three salt irrigation treatments including 0 (control), 3, 6 dS/m NaCl and four magnetic water lev MoreArtichoke (Cynara Scolymus L.) is a medicinal plant that is relative adaptation to salinity. This experiment was conducted as a completely randomized factorial design with three salt irrigation treatments including 0 (control), 3, 6 dS/m NaCl and four magnetic water levels (Zero, 3000, 6000 and 10000 Gauses) with three replications in green house. Seeds were sown into round plastic pots. 120 days after planting, growth, dry weight and sodium and potassium concentration were measured. Analysis of variance showed that salt and magnetic stress had significant effects on morphological parameters and potassium concentration. Salinity (non-magnetic) reduced plant height and increased dry weight. The use of water magnetization increased growth parameters and amount of potassium. Salinity decreased plant height and increased fresh and dry weight of leaves. Statistical comparison showed that with increasing salinity, reduced amount of potassium but there was no significant difference in amount of sodium. Although, the levels of magnetic field had different effect on potassium absorption. But, generally, the field of 6000 gauss showed better performance than all of treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
459 - Investigation on the effect of seed priming with rhizobium bioinoculant and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on chlorophyll, nutrients and grain yield in lentil under rainfed condition
Alireza Seyyed-Moradi Afshin MozaffariTo study the effect of seed priming with rhizobium bioinoculant and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on chlorophyll, nutrients and grain yield in lentil rainfed, a factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates MoreTo study the effect of seed priming with rhizobium bioinoculant and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on chlorophyll, nutrients and grain yield in lentil rainfed, a factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates in Karazan districts of Sirvan located in Ilam province during 2016-2017. Experimental treatments include the application of PGPR consists of five levels: inoculation seed with Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Pseudomonas individually, inoculation of seeds with mixed PGPR (Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Pseudomonas) and non-using of PGPR, and rhizobium bacteria factor at two levels: seed inoculation with rhizobium and non-use of Rhizobium. Simple and interaction effects of Rhizobium bacteria and PGPR bacteria application on all studied traits (except for interaction effect of experimental factors on grain yield and chlorophyll b content) showed highly significant (P <0.01). In general, the results of the experiment showed that the use of Rhizobium bacteria with PGPR bacteria, in particular, combined consumption treatment (Azotobacter + Azospirillum + pseudomonas), increased the grain yield, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and chlorophyll a, b and a+b contents of leaf compared to Non-use rhizobium and PGPR bacteria. With regard to synergistic effects of Rhizobium and PGPR bacteria in improving the growth and grain yield of lentil plant, it is recommended to use the combination of Rhizobium and PGPR bacteria in the inoculum formulation used under arid and dry land areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
460 - Determining resistant wheat varieties to salinity stress with using multivariable statistical methods
younes dowlat abadi Hamid Najafi Zarini Gholamali Ranjbar Hadi Darzi RamandiIn this regard, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on different varieties of wheat was conducted at the Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Sari in 2015. The study was conducted in two separate experiments. the effec MoreIn this regard, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on different varieties of wheat was conducted at the Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Sari in 2015. The study was conducted in two separate experiments. the effect of three levels of salinity (0, 60 and 120 mM) on 117 varieties at germination stage was investigated and Using data from the first experiment, in second experiment the effects of four salinity levels (0, 60, 120, 180 mm) on 10 varieties at reproductive stage were studied. Both factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Using principal components analysis, 75.56 percent of germination traits by two components and 78.31 percent vegetative traits by three components were interpreted. The results showed that in the vegetative stage, pbt positive correlations between shoot dry weight, shoot length and root dry weight with the total dry weight and in reproductive stage a positive correlation between the total number of seeds and seed yield were observed. Some of the varieties that had high tolerance to salinity stress at germination stage in the growth phase weren't resistant to salinity. According to the results of this research, traits of root length, shoot length, root dry weight and shoot dry weight, are salt stress tolerance traits. Roshan zemestan, Aria and Chamran 2 varieties were identified as tolerant to salt stress and ghahte sarogh, keshe farahan and neyshabur varieties were sensitive to salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
461 - Effect of humic acid application on growth characteristics and changes in the active ingredients of medicinal plant
Maryam Bahador Abdolhossein Aboutalebi Jahromi Behnam Behrooznam Vahid RoshanThe use of humic acid fertilizer had a positive effect on the measured characteristics of Iranian sage and also the percentage of essential oil compounds. Dry weight of leaves (0.5 g) and number of inflorescences (35) and inflorescence weight (1.8 g) due to the use of 1 MoreThe use of humic acid fertilizer had a positive effect on the measured characteristics of Iranian sage and also the percentage of essential oil compounds. Dry weight of leaves (0.5 g) and number of inflorescences (35) and inflorescence weight (1.8 g) due to the use of 15 g of humic application was obtained. The amount and type of essential oil constituents were determined by GC and MS/GC devices and a total of 62 compounds were isolated from Iranian sage essential oil under the influence of experimental treatments, of which 18 similar compounds were present in all treatments. The most important compounds in Iranian sage essential oil was reported 5-neo-Cedranol (20.11%), Linalyl acetate (16.52), Terpinyl acetate (14.28%), Linalool (5.22) and Bicyclogermacrene (4.68%). Compounds Percentage increased with increasing humic acid density. As a result of using a concentration of 15 g / l of humic acid, the 5-neo-Cedranol, α-Terpinyl acetate, Bicyclogermacrene and Linalyl acetate compounds increased by 37.5, 22.5, 32.7 and 20.5 percent compared to control. The total phenolic compounds in the plant extract due to the use of 15 g / l humic acid increased significantly and by 72.8% compared to the control without fertilizer (516.43 mg / l). The highest phenolic composition in Iranian sage extract in this study was Rosmarinic acid at the rate of 421.64 mg / l at the level of 15 g / l humic acid. The use of humic acid caused a significant increase in the amount of antioxidants in the plant extract. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
462 - Comparison of bread and durum wheat photosynthesis and yield under salt stress and salicylic applying condition
A.R. BagheriIn order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid as a salinity reverse effects retardant, an outdoor pot investigation was carried out in Islamic Azad University, Eghlid branch from Nov. 2010 to May 2011. The experiment was conducted as triple factorial based on com MoreIn order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid as a salinity reverse effects retardant, an outdoor pot investigation was carried out in Islamic Azad University, Eghlid branch from Nov. 2010 to May 2011. The experiment was conducted as triple factorial based on complete randomized design with three replications. The first factor comprised of two salinity levels (non saline irrigation water [EC=0] and saline irrigation water [EC=10ds/m]) and the second one consisted two morphologically similar wheat cultivars, Dena as durum and Shiraz as bread type, and the third factor was application or not the salicylic acid solute. The salt treatments were accomplished four weeks after seed sprouting. The salicylic acid treatments were applied a week prior to salinity application i.e. 3-4 leaf stage. The measured parameters were biological (BY) and grain yield (GY), photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll content, relative water (RWC) and protein content. The results showed that salicylic acid application caused GY, BY, RWC, Chlorophyll and photosynthesis to increase, but it remains ineffective on protein content. Salinity caused reduction in BY, GY, RWC and photosynthesis, but increased protein and chlorophyll content. Bread cultivar showed higher GY amounts than durum one. Durum's GY was more susceptible to salinity than bread's. SA was more effective in durum wheat than in bred type. SA also had different effects under various salinity levels. It was more effective uner lower levels of salinity. Generally the highest and he lowest GY amounts were respectively seen in bread wheat under nonsline condition and with application of 0.5 mM SA, and in durum wheat under salinity without SA application. LTR>o a>���(=LTR>(ZGS=13) گیاه بود. صفات اندازه گیری شده شامل فتوسنتز، میزان کلروفیل، محتوای نسبی آب، عملکرد و میزان پروتئین بودند. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد سالیسیلیک اسید باعث افزایش BY و GY ، RWC و میزان کلروفیل و فتوسنتز شد و روی پروتئین بی تاثیر بود. شوری باعث کاهش BY و GY ، RWC و فتوسنتز شد و میزان پروتئین و میزان کلروفیل را افزایش داد. گندم نان عملکرد دانه بیشتری داشت. بین ارقام و مصرف سالیسیلیک اسید اثر متقابل معنی دار مشاهده شد. در حقیقت SA در گندم دوروم بیشتر از گندم نان اثر گذاشت. عملکرد دانه گندم دوروم بیشتر تحت تاثیر شوری قرار گرفت. اثر کاربرد سالیسیلیک اسید در تیمار شاهد شوری و در تیمار 10 دسی زیمنس تا حدودی متفاوت بود. با افزایش شوری اثر SA کمتر شد. همچنین بین سه تیمار بکاربرده شده اثر متقابل معنی دار درجه سوم مشاهده شد. به طور کلی بیشترین عملکرد در گندم نان و در تیمار شوری شاهد با افزودن SA (5 گرم در بوته) مشاهده شد و کمترین میزان عملکرد در تیمار شوری 10 دسی زیمنس و در گندم دوروم بدون کاربرد SA مشاهده شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
463 - Survey on the effects of iron nano oxide foliar application on mineral nutrients uptake in potato tuber
A. Barghi A. Gholipoori A. Tobeh S. Jahan Bakhsh Sh. Jamaati -
Open Access Article
464 - Root morphological response of two corn inbred lines to salinity stress
Sh. Majdi M. Jami Moeini M. HokmabadiSalinity is one of the increasing problems in the world which include the wide area of our country. In response to salinity, multiple morphological, physiological and biochemical changes can be created in plants. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect MoreSalinity is one of the increasing problems in the world which include the wide area of our country. In response to salinity, multiple morphological, physiological and biochemical changes can be created in plants. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of salinity derived from NaCl (0, 50 and 100 mM) on morphological characteristics of two corn inbred lines, MO17 and B73. Experiment was performed using sand culture method at greenhouse of Agricultural Faculty, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar Branch during 2011-12 growing season. Experimental treatments were replicated three times lied out in a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement. Results showed that there were significant difference between corn inbred lines for total root volume, total root area, root diameter, root dry weight, root/shoot ratio and root specific weight. MO17 genotype was superior than B73 in relation to all characteristics. Salinity stress significantly decreased total root volume, root area, root length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and root/shoot ratio, but increased root diameter and specific root weight. Response of corn inbred lines to salinity stress showed that MO17 inbred line was more sensitive to salinity compared to B73. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
465 - مقایسه اثرات هندلینگ پس از صید، بر کیفیت و راندمان میگوی پرورشی استان هرمزگان
یوسف آفتاب سوار سید حسن جلیلی محسن ملکوتی حجت الله فروغی فرد شهروز طاهری -
Open Access Article
466 - ارزیابی برخی از شاخص های زیستی بچه فیل ماهیان نگهداری شده در کارگاه شهید مرجانی و سد وشمگیر قبل از رهاسازی به رودخانه های استان گلستان
حسین پیری طیبه عنایت غلامپور -
Open Access Article
467 - بررسی آلودگی انگلی دیپلوستومیازیس در ماهیان سد مهاباد آذربایجان غربی
داریوش آزادیخواه سهراب رسولی علی نکوئی فرد سیروان رحیم پور امین خدادادی نیما بهبودی -
Open Access Article
468 - اثرات ضداکسیداسیونی و ضدباکتریایی پوشش آلژینات سدیم با عصاره جلبک Entromorpha sp.) ( بر افزایش زمان ماندگاری فیله ماهی کپور معمولی نگهداری شده در یخچال
سید روح الله جوادیان فاطمه غریبی سعید سلطانی سمیه بهرام -
Open Access Article
469 - تاثیر استفاده از پوشش ترکیبی پروتئین آب پنیر و سدیم آلژینات بر تغییرات کیفی ماهی کیلکا(Clupeonella delicatula) در زمان نگهداری سردخانه ای
مینا سیف زاده عباسعلی مطلبی -
Open Access Article
470 - بررسی تاثیر زمان، درجـه حـرارت و غلظت متـابی سولفیت سـدیم بر میــزان جذب SO2باقیمانده در عضله میگوی سفید هندی پرورشی(Fenneropenaeus indicus) تیمار شده در آب دریا
مجید محمد نژاد شموشکی بهزاد رسولی محسن خلیلی -
Open Access Article
471 - مقایسه اثرات کلریدسدیم و متیلن بلو بر فلور باکتریایی محیط پرورشی، پوست و آبشش بچه تاس ماهی ایرانی Acipenser persicus
رقیه فتح الهی حسین خارا ذبیح الله پژند علیرضا شناور ماسوله بتول مشتاقی زهرا منافی -
Open Access Article
472 - The effects of salinity on germination of three clover species(Trifolium spp.)
N. AbdiThe effects of salinity levels of NaCl were examined on seed germination of three clover species: Trifolium pratense, T. resupinatum and T. repens. Salinity levels comprised of 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 milimolar NaCl. Treatments were arranged factoria MoreThe effects of salinity levels of NaCl were examined on seed germination of three clover species: Trifolium pratense, T. resupinatum and T. repens. Salinity levels comprised of 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 milimolar NaCl. Treatments were arranged factorial design and were compared in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Results showed clover species, salinity levels and their interactions had a significant effect on germination percentage of clovers. As the level of salinity increased, seed germination decreased. In regard to salinity tolerance at germination stage,T. resupinatum was the most tolerant species and T. pratense and T. repens, were ranked as the second and third grade respectively. As the level of salinity increased,the percentage of abnormal seedling on T. resupinatum, the percentage of hard un-germinated seeds On T.pratense and the percentage of smooth un-germinated seeds on T. repens, were increased Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
473 - Salinity effect on some nutrient concentration of rice crop (Oryza sativa L.) tissues and total biomass in different growth stages
A. Fallah E. Farahmandfar F. MoradiSalinity stress causes change in absorption and transformation of nutrients in rice plants. In order to determine of salinity, affect in different growth stages of rice crops on the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and leave MoreSalinity stress causes change in absorption and transformation of nutrients in rice plants. In order to determine of salinity, affect in different growth stages of rice crops on the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and leaves, was carried out pot experiment in the greenhouse of rice research institute of Iran(Amol) in 2014. The experiment as a split plot factorial in base of completely random design with three replicates, with two rice varieties, hybrid rice (Dialam) and PSBRC88 as main plots, and three levels of salinity (0, 6, 12 ds.m-1) with three growth stages (Tilling, Stem elongation, Flowering) as sub-plots factorial. Hydroponic culture was done in pots with 6 L Yoshida solution. The content of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and leaves were measured that salinity treatments were done about 20 days for each stage. The results showed that the content of potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and leaves were decreased with increasing of salinity level at each growth stage. In check treatment, the highest of ions concentration was at flowering stage and the ions content of roots was always less than stems and leaves. The concentration amount of potassium, calcium and magnesium were higher in PSBRC88 variety than hybrid rice (Dialam). Therefore, PSBRC88 variety had higher ions uptake efficiency of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in slat stress and had more biomass. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
474 - The effect of salinity on concentration of some elements of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) tissues and biomass in different growth stage
E. Farahmandfar F. Moradi A. FallahSalinity stress causes change in absorption and transformation of nutrients in rice plants. In order to determine of salinity affect in different growth stages of rice crops on the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and MoreSalinity stress causes change in absorption and transformation of nutrients in rice plants. In order to determine of salinity affect in different growth stages of rice crops on the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and leaves, was carried out pot experiment in the greenhouse of rice research institute of Iran(Amol) in 2014. The experiment as a split plot factorial in base of completely random design with three replicates, with two rice varieties, hybrid rice (Dialam) and PSBRC88 as main plots, and three levels of salinity (0, 6, 12 ds.m-1 ) with three growth stages (Tillering, Stem elongation, Flowering) as sub-plots factorial. Hydroponic culture was done in pots with 6 L Yoshida solution. The content of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and leaves were measured that salinity treatments were done about 20 days for each stage. The results showed that the content of potassium, calcium and magnesium ions of roots, stems and leaves were decreased with increasing of salinity level at each growth stage. In check treatment, the highest of ions concentration was at flowering stage and the ions content of roots was always less than stems and leaves. The concentration amount of potassium, calcium and magnesium were higher in PSBRC88 variety than hybrid rice (Dialam). Therefore, PSBRC88 variety had higher ions uptake efficiency of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in slat stress and had more biomass. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
475 - Effect of salinity on ion content, plant pigments, soluble sugars and starch of halophyte plant (Aeluropus littoralis)
Fatemeh Mehrinfar Ghorban ali Nematzadeh Hematollah Pirdashti Hamidreza Mobaser In this research some of physiological parameters and ion uptake and accumulation of halophyte plant Aeluropus littoralis were investigated. Experiment design was randomized complete block design in greenhouse condition in Gene More In this research some of physiological parameters and ion uptake and accumulation of halophyte plant Aeluropus littoralis were investigated. Experiment design was randomized complete block design in greenhouse condition in Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Universitywith with five salt levels (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 dS/m) and three replicates in 2010. Some parameters such as plant pigments٫ soluble sugar concentrations and starch and sodium and potassium content in three parts of plant (leaves, stems and roots) were determined. Results indicated that increasing of salinity significantly decreased chlorophyll a٫ b٫ a+b and carotenoeids content. Starch amount increased up to 20 dS/m and then markedly declined. By contrast٫ soluble sugars decreased up to 20 dS/m and then significantly increased. Salinity also significantly affected sodium and potassium content in plant organs so that with increasing salinity, sodium content significantly increased but potassium content declined. Results also showed that in high levels of salinity, sodium concentrations in roots are more than shoots. Under salt stress, sodium might returns from aerial organs to roots or maybe it is because of limiting transfer of sodium from roots to shoots and save it in roots as a mechanism of salt resistance. These results showed that Aeluropus littoralis as a halophyte plant could resistants salinity up to 20 dS/m and then with increasing salt stress, starch was broken down and produce soluble sugars to help osmotic adjustment to tolerate against salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
476 - Effect of seed priming on the germination of forage maize under salt stress
M. Zadehbagheri SH. Javanmardi M. KamelmaneshGermination and seedling establishment of the major stages in the life cycle of plants is influenced by various environmental factors. This study was designed to investigate the effect of seed priming on germination characteristics of forage maize plant was done. Primin MoreGermination and seedling establishment of the major stages in the life cycle of plants is influenced by various environmental factors. This study was designed to investigate the effect of seed priming on germination characteristics of forage maize plant was done. Priming treatments included four levels (zero, 1, 2 and 3 mM), salicylic acid and salinity of 4 concentrations (zero, 1, 2 and 3%) sodium chloride, respectively. Factorial experiments in completely randomized design with three replications at the Research Lab of the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz was performed. Priming with salicylic acid improve percentage rate, the germination index. The results showed that the effect of priming with salicylic acid and salinity on the percentage, speed of germination index, see Index Seed, Seedling and rootlet weight was significant. Highest percentage, speed of germination index of seeds by salicylic acid, 1 and 2 mM prim and salinity was free environment. Vigor index of seeds by salicylic acid, 1 and 2 mM prim and salinity conditions were 1% had the maximum value. Salicylic acid concentration increased to 3 mM reduced traits was assessed in this study. Seedling fresh weight of the seeds by the concentration of 2 mM prim and salinity conditions were 2 percent was highest. Interaction among different concentrations of salicylic acid and sodium chloride showed no significant difference in terms of weight rootlet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
477 - Effect of drought stress, zeolitand and selenium on yield and yield Components on sunflower
P. Yousefvand N. Sajedi M. MirzakhaniIn order to study the effect of drought stress, zeolitand and selenium on yield and yield components of sunflower a field experiment was carried out in factorial split plot using RCBD with four replications. Experiment was done at research farm of Arak Islamic Azad Univ MoreIn order to study the effect of drought stress, zeolitand and selenium on yield and yield components of sunflower a field experiment was carried out in factorial split plot using RCBD with four replications. Experiment was done at research farm of Arak Islamic Azad University in Iran during 2009-2010. The experimental factors included three levels of irrigations (irrigation equal to 100% crop water requirement as control, irrigation equal 75% and 50% of crop water requirement) and zeolit in three levels (0, 4 and 8 t/ha) and sodium selenit in two levels (0 and 18 g/ha). The result showed that, irrigation significantly effected on observed in irrigation equal to 100% crop water requirement + 8 ton/ha Zeolit + 18 g/ha sodium selenit, that with treatment of 75% crop water requirement + 8 ton/ha +18 g/ha sodium selenit with yield equal to 3000.2 kg/ha on significant. Application of 8 ton/ha Zeolit +18g/ha sodium selenit in irrigation of 75% crop water requirement, increased grian yield equal 34.16% as comprer with without zeolit and sodium selenit, also application of this treatment in condition of 50% crop water requirement increased grain yield equal 24.61% as compared with without zeolit and sodium selenit. It is concluded that with irrigation equal to 75% water requirement + 8 ton/ha Zeolit +18 g/ha sodium selenit obtain optimum yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
478 - Effectives of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and different times of disinfestations on wheat chamran variety
M. Khayat M. H. Gharineh M. Shirin N. A. Sajedi Early, fast and uniform seed germination results in favorable emergence and greater early vigor, which in turn leads to more radiation interception and higher yield. In order toinvestigation of effectives of different concentrations of sodium hypochlo More Early, fast and uniform seed germination results in favorable emergence and greater early vigor, which in turn leads to more radiation interception and higher yield. In order toinvestigation of effectives of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and different times of disinfestations on wheat seed of infection to Aspergillus fungi, testing in the laboratory seed Technology in National Date Research center. This study was performed by factorial in random complete deign whit three block. These treatments are utilized four concentrations 2, 4, 6, 8 sodium hypochlorite percentage and four times 2, 5, 7, 10 min and two witness (healthy seed and lack of infection and infection seed to Aspergillus fungi and without treatment). The results of variance analyzing indicated that there was significant (p<0.05) effectives of concentration and times of utilized sodium hypochlorite on length rootlet, length shoot let, dry weight shoot let, dry weight rootlet. The most length is rootlet concerned to concentration 4% and length shoot let is concerned to concentration 6% , 7 min and dry weight shoot let and dry weight rootlet are concerned to concentration 8% , 5 min. It was concluded that it is possible to use the concentrations differences found in this research to improve the components of germination under suboptimal temperatures and it is also possible to improve the base and optimal temperatures in wheat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
479 - ساخت و مشخصهیابی غشای پلیکاپرولاکتونفومارات- ژلاتین الکتروریسی شده برای کاربرد بازسازی هدایت شدهی بافت پریودنتال
تهمینه احمدی احمد منشی وجیه السادات مرتضوی محمد حسین فتحی بتول هاشمی بنی -
Open Access Article
480 - Investigation of kinetics behavior high temperature isotherm oxidation MCrAlY coatings applied by HVOF method
Seyed sina khalifeh soltani Reza ebrahimi kahrizsangi Farid naeimiToday, in Power plant industry, especially gas turbine hot corrosion and oxidation resistance of high temperature superalloys used. These superalloys good resistance to attack and entry of hot gases and ash fines resulting from fuel combustion, as well as atmospheric co MoreToday, in Power plant industry, especially gas turbine hot corrosion and oxidation resistance of high temperature superalloys used. These superalloys good resistance to attack and entry of hot gases and ash fines resulting from fuel combustion, as well as atmospheric corrosion of the show. As a result of these superalloys used in Power plant industry, especially are considering today. The thermal spray coating on these superalloys can be hot corrosion resistance and high temperature oxidation increase. In this research isothermal oxidation behavior of CoNiCrAlY coating and kinetic of growth thermally grown oxide layer (TGO) was investigated. For deposit of the CoNiCrAlY Amdry 9954 coating on superalloy nickel-base (Inconel 738) substrate used to the high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) technology. These specimens coatings were oxidized at 1100°C for 5 upto 100 h in a normal electric furnace under air atmosphere. The test specimens were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry analysis (EDS) together with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Microstructural characterization showed that the growth of continuous and uniform TGO scale onto bond coat. Also, in oxidation process observed the formation of mixed oxides (as spinel) CoCo2O4 and Ni(Cr,Al)2O4 and CrO3 and Y3Al5O12 onto Al2O3 (TGO layer). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
481 - Synthesis of Lanthanum Hexaaluminate (LaMgAl11O19) Powder in order to plasma spary coating on the nickel superalloy as Thermal Barrier coating
mohammad mehdi khorramirad محمد رضا رحیمی پور سید محمد مهدی هادوی کوروش شیروانی جوزانیLanthanum hexaaluminate (LaMgAl11O19) as a new thermal barrier coating due to the properties and superior features is selected as a preferred composition instead of yttria -stabilized zirconia (YSZ) Composition. In this paper, synthesis of this composition by solid stat MoreLanthanum hexaaluminate (LaMgAl11O19) as a new thermal barrier coating due to the properties and superior features is selected as a preferred composition instead of yttria -stabilized zirconia (YSZ) Composition. In this paper, synthesis of this composition by solid state reaction method was investigated then it was prepared to coat by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) method. Scanning electron microscope with X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS), differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize of the synthesized powder, granules and free standing as-sprayed LaMgAl11O19 coating. In this research first, α-Al2O3 powder was used as a raw material. The results showed that this material was not suitable for the synthesis of this compound. Therefore γ-Al2O3 powder was used. As a result of that, a single phase compound with plate-like morphology was formed and the synthesis temperature was 1330 Cº. Also α-Al2O3, LaAlO3 and MgAl2O3 compounds were formed at 850-1100 ºC that the final phase transformation was occurred due to reaction between these three compounds. From the phase analysis results, it can be concluded that the main role of γ -Al2O3 phase in structure is to reduce the synthesis temprature of MgAl2O4 spinel phase to a temperature of less than 1100 ºC. Also chemical analysis results of granules and APS coating with optimal parameters indicated the existence of single phase structure and the second phase was not found. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
482 - Investigating of High Temperature Oxidation and Thermal Shock Properties of YSZ/Al2O3 Composite Thermal Barrier Coatings with Alumina Made by Solution Precursor Thermal Spray
Saeid Taghi-ramezani Zia Valefi Naser EhsaniIn this research, a double layer thermal barrier coating was applied and then an alumina diffusion barrier layer was deposited on the YSZ by two solution precersore plasma and solution precersore flame spraying. High temperature oxidation and thermal shock resistance te MoreIn this research, a double layer thermal barrier coating was applied and then an alumina diffusion barrier layer was deposited on the YSZ by two solution precersore plasma and solution precersore flame spraying. High temperature oxidation and thermal shock resistance tests were done at 1100˚C. Microstructure of coatings were studied by optical Microscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. Comparison of the microstructures of coatings showed that applying of Alumina with the solution precursor flame spray process upgrades the thermal properties. High temperature oxidation and thermal shock resistance of YSZ/Al2O3 coatings with Alumina applied by the solution precersoure thermal spray with the same compound were studied. Findings showed that applying alumina with the solution precursor flame spray process leads to increase the amount of the deposited splats and proper contact between them, causes to decrease the diffusion of O2 and as a result TGO thickness decreases and also thermal shock resistance increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
483 - Comparison of Oxidation and Thermal Shock Properties of YSZ/Nanoal2o3 Composite Thermal Barrier Coatings Made By Plasma Spraying of Un-Pyrolyzed Precursor and Aglomerated Nanocrystalline Alumina Powder
Saeid Taghi-ramezani Zia Valefi Naser Ehsani masud mirjaniIn this research, firstly amorphous Alumina powder was produced by co-precipitation method. Then YSZ/Al2O3 coatings were applied by plasma spraying process in two types of pyrolyzed and crystalline nano-alumina. High temperature oxidation and thermal shock resistance te MoreIn this research, firstly amorphous Alumina powder was produced by co-precipitation method. Then YSZ/Al2O3 coatings were applied by plasma spraying process in two types of pyrolyzed and crystalline nano-alumina. High temperature oxidation and thermal shock resistance test were done at 1100˚C. Microstructure and phase analysis of coatings were studied by optical and electron microscopes and XRD method. Comparison of the microstructure of coatings showed that the use of crystalline nano-alumina powder in the YSZ/Alumina layer composite upgrades the thermal properties. High temperature oxidation and thermal shock resistance of plasma sprayed YSZ/Al2O3 with un-pyrolysed nano-alumina and coatings with same composition with crystalline nano-alumina to created by plasma spraying were studied. Findings showed that the use of un-pyrolyzed nano-alumina powder in YSZ/Al2O3 layer composite resulted in increased porosity and shrinkage cavities in the coating, which increased the diffusion of O2 that causes the TGO growth rate. Also, high density and proper contact between the splats made of crystalline nano-alumina powder results in higher resistance of thermal cycles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
484 - Thermal shock behavior of thermal barrier coatings YSZ, YSZ/mullite and gradient coating YSZ/mullite on nickel base superalloy prepared by plasma spray (APS) method
Nader Soltani iman mobasherpour Esmail Salahi Ali Sedaghat AhangaryIn this research, thermal shock behavior, three types of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), yttria-stabilized zirconia and mullite coating (YSZ/Mullite) and gradient coating of yttria-stabilized zirconia and mullite (YSZ/Mullite) thermal barrier coatings on Inconel 738 l MoreIn this research, thermal shock behavior, three types of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), yttria-stabilized zirconia and mullite coating (YSZ/Mullite) and gradient coating of yttria-stabilized zirconia and mullite (YSZ/Mullite) thermal barrier coatings on Inconel 738 low carbon nickel base superalloy along with bond coated by plasma spray method was compared.Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), microstructure and phase analysis were done. The percentage of porosity and thermal shock of coatings at 1100°C temperature was investigated and compared. The results showed that with the increase of mullite in layer and gradient on YSZ coatings, the number of holes and porosity decreases, which is due to the increase in the amount of melted mullite particles. The percentage of porosity related to layer and gradient coating of mullite was obtained as 8 and 3.5% respectively. Using the results of the thermal shock test, it was determined that the lifetime of the mullite layer coating is longer than the mullite gradient coating and the YSZ coating. The maximum lifespan of the layered coating of mullite was recorded as 70 cycles of 10 minutes in a furnace with a temperature of 1100°C. The gradient coatings of mullite showed a higher percentage of shrinkage in thermal shock than the layered mullite coating. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
485 - Investigation of the Wear Corrosion and Hot Corrosion Properties of Alumina Coating Applied on Steel Substrate via High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Method
seyed Ali Khosravifard Amirhosein Yaghtin Amin Akhbarizadeh Alireza AraghiIn the present work, Alumina coating with an approximate thickness of 240 µm was applied via high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) method on a 4340 hot-work tool steel substrate. The morphology of the coating and the influences of the corrosive medium which contained hydr MoreIn the present work, Alumina coating with an approximate thickness of 240 µm was applied via high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) method on a 4340 hot-work tool steel substrate. The morphology of the coating and the influences of the corrosive medium which contained hydro-chloric acid (5-15 vol.%) were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Afterwards, the wear behavior of the coatings in dry and acidic wet environments were studied using a pin-on-disk wear apparatus and the wear mechanism was analyzed through SEM studies. The results of the wear tests showed that the wear rate in the 5% acidic medium was approximately the same as that of the dry test. Furthermore, the results showed that increasing the concentration of acid in the wear medium (up to 15%), leads to a continuous increase of the wear rate which was ascribed to increased corrosion rate. The dominant wear mechanism in all the tested situations was determined as sticking wear. As the wear rate increased, the wear surfaces showed increased roughness. Finally, hot corrosion experiments were carried on the coated specimens at the temperature of 880 ˚C. At this condition, the coating lasted for about 460 hours. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
486 - تأثیر سدیم دودسیل سولفات بر ریخت شناسی و مقاومت خوردگی پوشش تبدیلی نانوزیرکونیایی روی ورق فولاد گالوانیزه
علی پیامی گلهین رضا اسلامی فارسانی حمید خرسند -
Open Access Article
487 - Evaluation of the Effect of Sedar (Ziziphus spina-christi) Extract on Biochemical Parameters of Skin Lesion in NMRI Mice
Shokooh Sharbatdar Nasim Hayati Roodbari Parichehr YaghmaeeThe skin is one of the largest organs of the body and acts as a protective barrier against external harmful factors including microorganisms. It can be damaged and sometimes if the damage is too much, the hypoderm is also involved, so more time is needed for restoration MoreThe skin is one of the largest organs of the body and acts as a protective barrier against external harmful factors including microorganisms. It can be damaged and sometimes if the damage is too much, the hypoderm is also involved, so more time is needed for restoration. The purpose of this research is to investigate cedar plant on skin wound healing in NMRI laboratory mice. 24 mice with a weight of approximately 25-35 grams were bought and after wounding the skin on days 3, 6, 12, 21 they were treated with ointment prepared from cedar and oserin. Mice were randomly divided into three groups: sham, experimental 1, experimental 2. These groups were treated with oserin and Cedar ointment with a dose of 2 mg and 4 mg respectively. Wounds were measured after 3 weeks and their tissue was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Biochemical indices of SOD, MDA and TAC were also investigated. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 22 software and Tukey's test. The wound size in Cedar 1 and 2 groups had a significant decrease compared to oserin (p < 0.05). The concentration of MDA in cedar groups 1 and 2 had a significant decrease compared to oserin (p < 0.05). In addition, the activity of SOD and TAC were significantly increased in cedar groups 1 and 2 compared to oserin (p < 0.05). Also, there was a significant increase in the thickness of epidermis and dermis in cedar 1 and 2 compared to oserin (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels in cedar 1 and 2 compared to oserin (p < 0.05). According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that cedar extract was effective in wound healing by increasing SOD, TAC and decreasing MDA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
488 - Effects of Alcoholic Extract of Aerial Parts of Rue onMale Mice (NMRI) Organs of Reproduction
عبدالحسین شیروی شهلا روزبهانی سمانه حبیبیIntroduction The plants have close relation to the culture of humans . most of plants have recovery effects Ruta graveolens L. is the plant which was used for increasing period , abortion in women, rhomatysm In this study,the effects of the alcoholic extract of Rue MoreIntroduction The plants have close relation to the culture of humans . most of plants have recovery effects Ruta graveolens L. is the plant which was used for increasing period , abortion in women, rhomatysm In this study,the effects of the alcoholic extract of Rue are experimentally examined on the reproductive organ of male mice. Method In this study which is functional and fundamental uses small mice NMRI. The weight of testicles , epididym, vaso deferan and the volume of testicles and the number of sperm was identified. Results Comparing testiclesand#39; weight, epididym,deferan, show a significant decrease (pandlt; .05) in 350 and 450 of doses in control and experimental groups. . Size of the testis and number of sperms show a significant decrease (pandlt; .05) in experimental groups, sham and control. Conclusion The results have shown alcoholic extract RG Can effect on activity in organs of male generation . and probably can be used to control reproduction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
489 - Investigation of Grows Condition of Salmo trutta fario in Lar Reservoir Lake v
سیدمحمد صلواتیان کیوان عباسی قباد آذری تاکامی مهدی مرادی شاهین بختیاری آق مسجدFor this study which is done in2008-2009, 140Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta fario) fish were grows condition, in Lar Reservoir Lake. During the study, some biometric specification such as length, weight, age, gonad weight and condition factor of Fulton and Clark in both s MoreFor this study which is done in2008-2009, 140Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta fario) fish were grows condition, in Lar Reservoir Lake. During the study, some biometric specification such as length, weight, age, gonad weight and condition factor of Fulton and Clark in both sexes were examined. The male fish in the water source(85samples), with total body length15to32.6cm, Fork length14.3to31.9cm and body weight40to451.3gr. Body weight without offal29to393.3gr, and Fulton index 0.84to1.60, Clark0.68to1.35, absolute weight of gonad15to 28.03gr. Weight of gonad respectively was0.17to12.56per cent of body weight. And age2to6years were variable. Lar female fish of water source (55sample), with total body length14.2to46.2cm, Fork length13.7to44.8cm, body weight 28.6to893,94gr, body weight without offal25.0to762gr, Fulton index0/89to1/56, Clark index0.74to1.19, the absolute weight of gonad0.08to59.86gr, the respective weight of gonad0.12to20.03body weight, absolute fecundity119to1088eggs, Age2to7years were variable. Gonad fish maturity whether in male or female in this study were between 2to5. By the Kruskal-Wallis test, Fulton index values between the two sexes , male(1.26 ± 0.01) and female(1.21 ± 0.02) and also in Clark index between two sexes male(1.06 ± 0.02) and female(0.99 ± 0.01) statistical differences were observed (P0.05). But the variance analysis differences between the male and female from the perspective of indices absolute and respective weight of gonad were showed (P vvvvvv Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
490 - Effects of a Single bout of Cycling Exercise with and without Blood Flow Restriction on Serum Concentrations of Testosterone, Cortisol and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Healthy Men
Eidi Alijani Mahsa Mohsen Zadeh Fatemeh AghasiThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a single bout of cycling exercise with and without blood flow restriction on serum concentrations of testosterone, cortisol and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in healthy men. For this purpose, 16 members of R8 MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a single bout of cycling exercise with and without blood flow restriction on serum concentrations of testosterone, cortisol and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in healthy men. For this purpose, 16 members of R8 Niavaran Gym were selected. Subjects were divided into two groups according to their power: cycling with foot arteries blockage and cycling without foot arteries blockage. The training session consisted of 3×3-minutes cycling with 50% Wmax intensity, with a rest interval of 30-45 seconds. The group without arteries blockage performed the same protocol, except that there were no blood flow restrictions. Blood samples were taken 24 hours before the start of the training period and 24 hours after the last training session. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and dependent t-test at the significant level of P <0.05. The obtained results showed that within-group changes in testosterone and TNF-α in the arteries blockage group and without arteries blockage group showed no significant changes (P≥0.05). Also, between-group changes showed no difference between the two groups (P≥0.05). the within-group changes of cortisol significantly increased in the arteries blockage group (P≤0.05) and did not show a significant change in the group without arteries blockage (P≥0.05). Between-group changes showed a difference between the two groups (P≤0.05). The present study showed that blood flow restriction activity had no significant effect on serum testosterone and TNF-α levels in healthy men in relation to the same activity without blood flow restriction, but this difference was significant in cortisol level. As a result, people who are reluctant to do intense and long-term exercise can increase testosterone and reduce inflammatory factors using a less intense restricted blood flow exercise. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
491 - Investigating the Effects of Aqueous Extract of Carum Copticum on Renal Indices and Serum Sodium and Potassium Levels in Male Wistar Rats
Marzieh Niakan Bijan Akbarpour Ameneh KhoshvaghtiDue to the compounds such as thymol, para-fat, Lfapnyn, D Pntn, Gamatrpnyn, Btapnyn, limonene, myrcene and carvacrol, Ajowan is widely used in the treatment of various diseases. This study aims at evaluating the effect of aqueous extract of Carum copticum on renal indic MoreDue to the compounds such as thymol, para-fat, Lfapnyn, D Pntn, Gamatrpnyn, Btapnyn, limonene, myrcene and carvacrol, Ajowan is widely used in the treatment of various diseases. This study aims at evaluating the effect of aqueous extract of Carum copticum on renal indices in male wistar rats. In this study 72 rats were divided into 6 groups, including control, sham and experimental groups (1 to 4). The control group didn’t receive any treatment while the sham received 0.2 ml distilled water daily and 1 to 4 experimental groups received 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/ kg/day of aqueous extract of C. copticum intraperitoneally, respectively. After lapse of 16 and 32 days, serum samples were collected. Renal indices were measured by Autoanalayzer (with Pars Azmoon kits) and sodium and potassium were measured by flame photometer. Data was analyzed by ANOVA statistical tests and Tukey test (p <0.05). Regardless of the dosage of the extract, it increased the renal function in short-term and long-term. Compared to the control group, while serum concentrations of sodium in exp. groups 1 and 3 (200 and 400 mg/ kg/day) was decreased in the short term, it was increased in the all experimental groups in long term. Administration of extract in both short and long terms increased serum concentrations of potassium in all experimental groups compared to the control group. This study suggests that increased consumption of aqueous extract of C. copticum increases renal function, although its effects are somewhat different in the short term and the long term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
492 - The Effect of Two-Component Coating of Sodium Caseinate and Marjoram Extract on Fat and Oxidative Degradation Indices of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) at Refrigerator Temperature
Mehran Moslemi Meghdad Aminirad Masoud HedayatifardThe present study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using two-component oral coating of sodium caseinate and marjoram extract on fat and oxidative corrosive indices of silver fish at refrigerator temperature. These coatings included: coating with sodium ca MoreThe present study was conducted to investigate the possibility of using two-component oral coating of sodium caseinate and marjoram extract on fat and oxidative corrosive indices of silver fish at refrigerator temperature. These coatings included: coating with sodium caseinate and marjoram extract with dilution of 1 and 2% and non-extracted sodium caseinate. In order to investigate the effect of coatings, a group was considered as control and non-coating treatment. Fish fillets are immersed in the prepared solution for each treatment and then at room temperature to make the coating appropriate on them. The measurement of chemical parameters of FFA, TVN, TBA, PV and FAT was performed on zero, five and fifteen days. Based on the data obtained in FFA values, there was no significant difference in the zero day between treatments. But in the fifth, tenth and fifteenth days, there was a significant difference between treatments (p < 0.05). For TVN values, there was no significant difference in zero day between treatments, but in the fifth and fifteenth days, there was a significant difference between treatments (p < 0.05). For TBA values, there was no significant difference in the zero day between treatments, but this difference was significantly observed on the fifth, tenth and fifteenth days between treatments (p < 0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in the zero day for PV values. During the fifth, tenth and fifteenth days, there was a significant difference between treatments (p < 0.05). Based on data, this process was repeated for FAT values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
493 - Effects of Replacing Mineral Selenium Supplement with Selenium Nanoparticles on Blood Parameters of Dairy Calves
Mohammad Karimi mehdi Ganjkhanlou farhang fataheiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of replacing mineral selenium supplements with nano selenium particles in the feeding of dairy calves and its effects on blood metabolites, and improving the growth performance and skeletal structure of infant cal MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of replacing mineral selenium supplements with nano selenium particles in the feeding of dairy calves and its effects on blood metabolites, and improving the growth performance and skeletal structure of infant calves. The number of 32 newborn Holstein calves with an average body weight of 37.85 ± 4.35 kg in the form of a completely randomized design with 4 treatments (eight calves in each treatment) for 83 days according to the supplemental consumption of milk or drinking water with sources Different selenium were placed. Treatments include: 1) inorganic selenium: providing 0.3 mg of selenium per kilogram of dry matter with sodium selenite, 2) low level of nano selenium: providing 0.15 mg of selenium per kilogram of dry matter with nanoparticles prepared from selenium, 3 (Medium level of nano-selenium: providing 0.3 mg of selenium per kilogram of dry matter with nanoparticles prepared from selenium, 4) High level of nano-selenium: providing 0.45 mg of selenium per kilogram of dry matter with nanoparticles prepared from selenium. The results showed that the calves that received nano selenium had no significant difference in the parameters of aspartate transferase and alanine transaminase compared to sodium selenite. The concentration of glutathione peroxidase in 42 days in nano selenium treatments increased and malondialdehyde decreased linearly significantly compared to mineral selenium (P=0.03). The results of this study showed that nano selenium was effective in improving the antioxidant status of calf blood during post-weaning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
494 - Effects of Replacing Mineral Selenium Supplement with Selenium Nanoparticles on Feed Digestibility and Ruminal Parameters of suckling Dairy Calves
Mohammad Karimi mehdi Ganjkhanlou farhang fatehiThis study aimed to investigate the effects of replacing mineral selenium supplement with nano-selenium particles in feeding infant calves and its effects on nutrient digestibility and, rumen fermentation characteristics. The number of 32 newborn Holstein calves with an MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effects of replacing mineral selenium supplement with nano-selenium particles in feeding infant calves and its effects on nutrient digestibility and, rumen fermentation characteristics. The number of 32 newborn Holstein calves with an average body weight of 37.85 ± 4.35 kg in the form of a completely randomized design with 4 treatments (eight calves in each treatment) for 83 days according to the supplemental consumption of milk or drinking water with sources different selenium were placed. Treatments include: 1) mineral selenium: providing 0.3 mg of selenium per kilogram of dry matter with sodium selenite source, 2) Low level of nano selenium: providing 0.15 mg of selenium per kilogram of dry matter with nanoparticles prepared from selenium source, 3 (Medium level of nano-selenium: providing 0.3 mg of selenium per kilogram of dry matter with nanoparticles prepared from selenium source, 4) High level of nano-selenium: providing 0.45 mg of selenium per kilogram of dry matter with nanoparticles prepared from selenium source. The results showed that improve the digestibility of protein and insoluble fibers in neutral detergent with nano-selenium. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration in calves fed with rations supplemented with nano-selenium tended to decrease (p = 0.08) in a quadratic way, and its average level was the lowest. Acetate concentration for calves fed nano-selenium decreased (p < 0.01), while propionate concentration increased (p < 0.05) for calves fed nano-selenium. The results of this study showed that nano-selenium was effective in improving feed digestibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
495 - The effects of replacing mineral selenium supplement with selenium-nano particles on the performance of dairy calves
Mohammad Karimi mehdi Ganjkhanlou farhang fatahei aboulfazl zali sadeghi mostafa ronak rafiporThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of replacing mineral selenium supplement with nano selenium particles in the feeding of infant calves and its effects on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, blood metabolites, and improving MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of replacing mineral selenium supplement with nano selenium particles in the feeding of infant calves and its effects on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, blood metabolites, and improving the growth performance and skeletal structure of infant calves. The number of 32 newborn Holstein calves with an average body weight of 37.85 ± 4.35 kg in the form of a completely randomized design with 4 treatments (eight calves in each treatment) for 83 days according to the supplemental consumption of milk or drinking water with sources Different selenium were placed. Treatments include: 1) inorganic selenium: providing 0.3 mg of selenium per kilogram of dry matter with sodium selenite, 2) low level of nano selenium: providing 0.15 mg of selenium per kilogram of dry matter with nanoparticles prepared from selenium, 3 (Medium level of nano-selenium: providing 0.3 mg of selenium per kilogram of dry matter with nanoparticles prepared from selenium, 4) High level of nano-selenium: providing 0.45 mg of selenium per kilogram of dry matter with nanoparticles prepared from selenium. . The results showed that supplementing milk with selenium nanoparticles had no effect on the performance of calves during the pre-weaning period, but significantly improved it after weaning compared to calves that were fed sodium selenite. The feed efficiency in the second period increased exponentially (P<0.01) and the average level was the highest. Improve the digestibility of protein and insoluble fibers in neutral detergent with nanoselenium. Some parameters of skeletal growth were improved by supplementation with selenium nanoparticles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
496 - The Effect of Stem Cell Factor and Retinoids in Spermatogonial Cell Differentiation of Testicular Tissue of Obstructive Azoospermia Model Adult Rats
Mahnaz Nasimi Esmaeil Fattahi Sayed Gholamali Jorsaraei Maryam Gholamitabar Tabari Ebrahim Zabihi NeyshabouriRetinoids and stem cell factor play an important role in the stem cells proliferation, survival, and differentiation into sperm. Therefore, in this study, the effect of stem cell factor and retinoids on the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial cells in te MoreRetinoids and stem cell factor play an important role in the stem cells proliferation, survival, and differentiation into sperm. Therefore, in this study, the effect of stem cell factor and retinoids on the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial cells in testis seminiferous tubules of obstructive azoospermia model adult rats was investigated using the tissue culture system. The testicular tissue fragments were cultured in the culture medium supplement with retinoids or stem cell factor, or a combination of both at the temperature of 34.5 °C and 5% CO2 for 25, 30, and 35 days. Then, the stained tissue sections prepared at the mentioned times were evaluated using PAS and hematoxylin staining methods. The cell counting per unit area was done using ImageJ software, and the statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. The number of spermatogonia, spermatocyte, and Leydig cells increased significantly on day 25, 30 and 35 of culture; additionally, the number of round and elongated spermatid increased significantly on day 35 of culture in the testicular tissue of the obstructive azoospermia compared to the experimental and control groups (p < 0.001). Histological examination of testicular tissue in different culture conditions revealed pathological changes in the epithelialmaking cells. Retinoids played a more effective role on day 35 of culture compared to other factors in maintaining and proliferation of cell lines of the spermatogenesis process. As these factors are not alone the cause of proliferation and differentiation induction, therefore optimizing the culture medium is recommended to achieve adult sperm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
497 - An Essay on Maghbarat – Al – Shoara ( Tomb of Poets ) in Tabriz
Maryam Mohammad ZadehAbstract Biographies and history books agree about the prosperity of Maghbarat-Al-Shoara until the 10th century, but have not agreed on the history of its destruction. In the second half of the tenth century, Hafez Hussein&nbs MoreAbstract Biographies and history books agree about the prosperity of Maghbarat-Al-Shoara until the 10th century, but have not agreed on the history of its destruction. In the second half of the tenth century, Hafez Hussein Karbalaee announced in the Rozatol Janan that the tomb was destroyed, while in the early eleventh century, Mulla Hashri speaks of the clarity of the tomb of poets like Khaghani and Assadi in it, and the most recent sources such as the Avladol At'har and the history of the Darol Saltaneh of Tabriz, from here, are considered as an extinct cemetery.This article, by content analysis, critiques available, comments about the destruction of the Maghbarat al Shoara, while introducing a new documents, proves that the writing of the Rozatol At'har about the destruction of the tomb is accurate and original in the eleventh century. This paper, also, after introducing the poets who certainly have been buried there, shows that Asyroddin Akhsiketi and Nayyer Tabrizi have not been buried there for sure and the burial of Anvari and Falaki Shervani in this place in uncertain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
498 - The Tohfatolajam, a Newly Discovered work from Seyyed Hossein Shah ( Haghighat )
Mahdieh Razavizadeh Ahmad Reza Yalameha Maryam MahmoodiAbstract The cultural transcendence of every society is in the pledge of understanding the numerous achievements and cultural works and material and spiritual heritages of the past and having knowledge in relation with those w MoreAbstract The cultural transcendence of every society is in the pledge of understanding the numerous achievements and cultural works and material and spiritual heritages of the past and having knowledge in relation with those works. By the reviving the manuscripts, recognizing the struggles and scientific capabilities of the previous thinkers become available and answering to some scientific needs of new researchers become possible. By correction and renewal of old works and returning them to the cycle of the people's investigation, one can have the precise recognition and judgment about the history of the culture and literature of this nation, Iran. This necessity is more felt in the language and literature domain, because every text reveals us a corner of the structure and the development of literature. Tohfatolajam is of 13th c copies which have not been corrected yet, and its correction and printing can make us familiar with its lingual specifications. So far, three manuscripts of this work have been known; and this research is based on the copy registered by the number of 1427 which exists in the parliament library. No doubt, introducing and correcting it will be a valuable duty in reviving and returning one of the rhetoric and grammatical texts of the 13th century to the great collection of Persian literature. This research can provide a suitable bases for the researchers, students and the adherents of Persian literature and also be familiar with one of the literary character of that time who has not been presented to the literary community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
499 - Effect of planting date and cultivar on yield and the early flowering in autumn sowing of sugar beet varieties
ebrahim jahani moghadam soheil parsa sohrab mahmoudi masoud ahmadiDevelopment of autumn sowing of sugar beet is viewed as an important strategy for supplying required sugar nationwide. In order to investigate the effects of varieties and sowing date on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of sugar beet, an experiment was condu MoreDevelopment of autumn sowing of sugar beet is viewed as an important strategy for supplying required sugar nationwide. In order to investigate the effects of varieties and sowing date on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of sugar beet, an experiment was conducted in a form of split plot based on the Randomized Complete Block design in crop year 2014-15 in a research farm of Agricultural and Natural Resources Center in Khorasan Razavi province with four replications. The major factor included sowing data; the minor factor included. The studied characteristics contains number of roots, bolting percent, root yield, gross sugar yield, white sugar yield, sugar percent, alkalinity, sodium, potassium, and nitrogen. Analysis of variance indicated that interactive effect of variety and sowing date on bolting percent, root yield, gross sugar yield, root number, white sugar yield, and sugar was significant. The highest root yield in the first sowing date was related to Merak and Monatono; the lowest root yield was related to Sharif and Monatono in the second sowing date. Also, the highest gross sugar yield and white sugar was obtained for Merak in the first sowing date. In addition, it was found that the first sowing date was superior to the second. Due to the multiplicity and diversity of the autumn cultivars and their favorable adaptation to cultivation in different Beet cultivation regions of the country, it seems that the development of the autumn sowing beet, while supply the country sugar requirements, causes significant savings in water consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
500 - The effects of salinity stress and vermicompost application on some morpho-physiological characteristics, yield and amount concentration of elements of Borago (Borago officinalis L.)
Ahmad AfkariInorder to evaluate the effect of salinity and vermicompost application on some morpho- physiological charactristics, yield and concentration of the elements of borago. A pot experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design with four replicati MoreInorder to evaluate the effect of salinity and vermicompost application on some morpho- physiological charactristics, yield and concentration of the elements of borago. A pot experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design with four replications in the greenhouse of the Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University in 2015. The study treatments consisted of four vermicompost levels (V1= 0, V2= 5, V3= 10 and V4= 15 wt % potted soil in dry weight) and four salinity levels (S1= 0 (control), S2= 4, S3= 8 and S4= 12 ds/m NaCl). The results also showed that different levels of salinity significantly increased all measured traits except for the phosphorus concentration. The impact of salinity and vermicompost interaction on magnesium, sodium and chloride traits was significant at 1 percent level and the impact of their interaction on dry flower yield and chlorophyll content was significant at 5 percent level. Comparison of treatments mean showed that with any increase in salinity levels, soluble carbohydrates, proline, phosphor, sodium and chlorine will increase, but plant height, yield of the air organs in the plant, dry flower yield, chlorophyll, potassium and nitrogen will decrease. In the meantime, the highest values of physiological traits and nutrients of borage were obtained from the treatment with 15 percent wt. vermicompost. Therefore, the use of vermicompost as an organic fertilizer, not only increases plant growth, but can be a good strategy to reduce the negative impacts of high soil sodium and chlorine concentrations on growth of borage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
501 - Study of improvements in the biological yield and the physiologic indicators of Ajwan (Carum copticum L.) as affected by application of polyamines under salt stress conditions
Ali Reza Dadgar Mohamad Rahim OwjiThis experiment was conducted to study the improvement of biological yield and physiological indicators of Ajwan by application of polyamines under salt stress conditions in 2018. A factorial study was conducted with a randomized complete design with two factors and thr MoreThis experiment was conducted to study the improvement of biological yield and physiological indicators of Ajwan by application of polyamines under salt stress conditions in 2018. A factorial study was conducted with a randomized complete design with two factors and three replications. The first factor included four levels of water salinity including the control (without salt stress) and salinities of 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/l. The second factor included five levels of using zero polyamine, 0.5 and 1.5 mmol/l putrescine and 0.5 and 1.5 mmol/l spermidine. The results showed that increasing the salinity levels resulted in a reduction of the height, the biological yield, the lateral branch and the number of umbels in the plant. The lowest amount of chlorophyll a and b and the highest sodium and chloride content in the salt stress of 3000 mg/l was observed. Under salt stress of 2000 mg/l, the spermidine treatment as 1.5 and 0.5 mmol/l led to an increase in the proline content to the amounts of 44.56 and 40.16% as compared with that of the control. Also, the highest peroxidase in the spermidine treatment of 1.5 and 0.5 mmol/l was observed in the amounts of 3.60 and 3.20 micromoles per minute protein. Therefore, the polyamine compounds lead to the reduction of the salt stress effects through improvement in the physiologic characteristics, including increase in the osmotic adjusting compounds and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, the polyamine compound of spermidine has a better function than putrescine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
502 - The Comparison of MRCP and ERCP findings in obstructive jaundice
Saeid Naghibi Niloofar Nasr Abadi Abbas Esmaeil zadehIntroduction: Obstructive jaundice is a type of jaundice that due to blockage in the flow of bile from the liver to the duodenum caused. Obstructive jaundice in the West as there is a common disease in %15 of cases and has several causes, including hepatocellular carcin MoreIntroduction: Obstructive jaundice is a type of jaundice that due to blockage in the flow of bile from the liver to the duodenum caused. Obstructive jaundice in the West as there is a common disease in %15 of cases and has several causes, including hepatocellular carcinoma, carcinoma of the pancreas and biliary tract stones. Measures such as ultrasound, CT scan, ERCP, PTC and recently MRCP determine to help. Despite being the gold standard diagnostic is ERCP but not a hundred percent right. So today is trying to make more use of MRCP. Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the results of ERCP and MRCP, both inside and outside diameter of the bile ducts of the liver, the presence or absence of defects within the duct, diameter of pancreatic duct, presence or absence of space-occupying lesions of the gallbladder. Materials and Methods: The study included 36 patients over three years for MRCP Imaging Center Corp went was. Imaging results are interpreted by a skilled radiologist and the data were recorded into the questionnaire. After definite diagnose of obstructive jaundice, the patient undergo ERCP and saved that data. The results of the two methods were compared with each other.\ esults: Among the 36 patients with obstructive jaundice within 3 years, 13 women (%36.1) and 23 men (%63.9) had a mean age of 56.8 years and men 61.5 years. The sensitivity and specificity of MRCP in the diagnosis of CBD diameter Abnormality compared to ERCP (the gold standard), respectively, %97 and %100, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MRCP in the diagnosis of the common hepatic duct and cystic duct diameter Abnormality compared to ERCP (the gold standard), respectively, %100 and %100, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MRCP in the diagnosis of hepatic duct internal diameter Abnormality compared to ERCP (the gold standard), respectively, %87 and %100, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MRCP in the diagnosis of biliary tract filling defect, respectively, %71 and %97, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MRCP in the diagnosis of space-occupying lesions were both %100 sensitivity and specificity of MRCP in the diagnosis of a filling defect in the gallbladder, respectively, %100 and %68, respectively. Conclusion: MRCP has the high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of abnormalities of biliary system and reduces the need for invasive imaging techniques that have morbidity and cost a lot for patient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
503 - Optimization of Hydropower Reservoirs Operation Using Water Cycle Algorithm
Amir robatiGiven the fact that hydropower energy is the third largest source of electricity generation and also the most important renewable energy producer, the optimal use of the huge and expensive source of water is essential. In this study, water cycle metaheuristic algorithm MoreGiven the fact that hydropower energy is the third largest source of electricity generation and also the most important renewable energy producer, the optimal use of the huge and expensive source of water is essential. In this study, water cycle metaheuristic algorithm was used for optimization of the hydropower operation of Jiroft reservoir located in Halilrood basin (south of Iran) for a period of 223 months (from October 2000 to April 2019). After verifying the reliability of the WCA algorithm using several standard benchmark functions, a model was developed for optimal hydropower operation. The results of the algorithm were compared with the results of known metaheuristic algorithm and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). The WCA and ICA algorithms were capable to generate energy 7203.29, and 7138.66 MW during the statistical period, respectively. Also, the objective function value for WCA and ICA, was obtained 4.78, 5.82, respectively. The results were indicated high performance of the WCA in optimization of the hydropower operation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
504 - Study of foliar application sodium nitroprusside on quality and quantity characteristics of basil medicinal plant under different levels cadmium of soil.
mahsa Vafaei meysam Oveisi mohamad NasriTo investigate the effect of different levels of sodium nitroprusside and cadmium on green basil cultivar, a pot experiment was conducted in the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch in 2017 as a factorial experiment in a completely rand MoreTo investigate the effect of different levels of sodium nitroprusside and cadmium on green basil cultivar, a pot experiment was conducted in the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch in 2017 as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. Experimental treatments include: three levels of sodium nitroprusside foliar application at the rate of: zero (control of pure water foliar application) (N1),50μM (N2), 100 μM (N3) and four levels of cadmium in the amount of: Zero (control) (C1), 10 ml G / kg soil (C2), 20 mg/kg soil (C3) and, 30 mg / kg soil (C4). The results showed that the interaction effects of the treatments on the studied traits were significant. With increasing cadmium, the amount of leaf chlorophyll decreased and finally the rate of assimilation decreased and the leaf weight decreased. The highest plant height, leaf dry weight per plant, essential oil percentage and essential oil yield, methyl cavicol percentage were achived from 100 μM sodium nitroxide and control (N3*C1) treatment and the lowest plant height, leaf dry weight were obtained. In plant, cytoplasmic membrane stability, essential oil percentage and essential oil yield were obtained from control treatment (spraying with pure water) and application of 30 mg / kg cadmium in soil (N4*C4). The results showed that the negative effects of cadmium stress were largely eliminated by the use of sodium nitroxide Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
505 - The effect of sodium silicate on yield and yield components of pea (Cicer arietinum L.) under salinity stress
Mahdi Jalali Amin Fathi Massoumeh Namrvari Somayeh . Karami Chameh Sadegh BahaminPeas are the second most important plant families with high quality protein and important role in increasing soil nitrogen. The plant is sensitive to salinity and given that a large part of our land and the passion necessary to make possible the necessary measures to be MorePeas are the second most important plant families with high quality protein and important role in increasing soil nitrogen. The plant is sensitive to salinity and given that a large part of our land and the passion necessary to make possible the necessary measures to be taken to prevent a decrease in performance. In this regard, one of the elements that can improve plant water status, the effects of salinity amend, is silicon. For this purpose, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted. Treatments consisted of soil salinity at levels 2, 4 and 6 dS/m and sodium with levels of 0, 1 and 2 mM. The results showed that salinity had a significant effect on the number of pods per square meter, number of seeds per square meter, grain weight, grain yield and dry matter, so that increasing salinity level would be to reduce the amount of these traits. The yield on the EC 6 dS.m to the 41.4 grams per square meter, respectively. Silicon is also a significant effect on the number of pods per square meter, seed weight and seed yield. The highest grain yield in 2 mM sodium consumption to the amount of 99.7 grams per square meter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
506 - Study of sodium nitroprusside spraying on the agronomic and physiological traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in arsenic contaminated soils.
meysam oveysi mansour faragi pourang kasraeiIn order to investigate the effect of sodium nitroprusside levels on growth and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in arsenic contaminated soils, a pot experiment was conducted in a research greenhouse of Faculty of Agric MoreIn order to investigate the effect of sodium nitroprusside levels on growth and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in arsenic contaminated soils, a pot experiment was conducted in a research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, in 2016-2017 in factorial experiment and in the form of design Completely randomized in 3 replications. The experimental treatments included of sodium nitroprusside spraying at three levels: (0, 50 and 100 μm) and soil contamination with arsenic at four levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 mg of arsenic per kg of soil). The results showed that arsenic and sodium nitroprusside had a significant effect on grain yield, 1000 grain weight, catalase enzyme, malondialdehyde content, proline content and safflower arsenic content. The highest grain yield was obtained in sodium nitroprusside treatments in application of 100 μM (with an average of 1.01 g / plant), and the lowest was related to control treatment (no application) with mean of 0.83 g / plant. By increasing the concentration of arsenic, yield and yield components decreased, and the plant increased its proline content to cope with stress. Application of sodium nitroproside reduced stress in plants under arsenic toxicity. No significant differences were observed between the concentrations of sodium nitroprusside spraying. With increasing arsenic levels, the amount of arsenic content increased and sodium nitroprusside reduced the amount of arsenic in the seed. In general, use of sodium nitroprusside as a regulator in the metabolism of free oxygen radicals reduces the effects of oxidative stress caused by soil contamination with arsenic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
507 - The effect of foliar application of brassinosteroid (BR) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on pigment content of Borago (Borago officinalis L.) under salinity stress conditions
S.M Mahdaei رضا Monem A.R PazokiIn order to investigate the effect of Effect of brassinosteroids and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) foliar application on physiological, biochemical and morphological traits of Borago (Borago officinalis L.) under salt stress conditions, based on a greenhouse experiment was MoreIn order to investigate the effect of Effect of brassinosteroids and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) foliar application on physiological, biochemical and morphological traits of Borago (Borago officinalis L.) under salt stress conditions, based on a greenhouse experiment was conducted in Shahriar region in 2016-2017. The experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design with four replications. In which salinity stress from the source of Nacl at three levels (0, 40 and 80 mM), Nitroprosium sodium sulfate was applied at three levels (0, 75 and 150 μM) and brassinosteroids at two levels (0 and 1.5 μm) Were considered. The simple effect of brassinosteroid and sodium nitroprusside on all experimented traits and the interaction effect of experimental factors on carotenoid and xanthophyll content were significant. In these conditions, after increase in salinity stress, the pigment content decreased and these traits improved with anti-stress compounds consumption. So the highest amount of carotenoid and xanthophyll with 1.6667 mg/g and 0.3344 mg/g were obtained with 150 μM sodium nitroprusside and 1.5 μM brassinosteroids consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
508 - The effect of foliar application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and brassinosteroids (BNs) on root and shoot vegetative traits of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) under salinity stress conditions
S.S GhazaeiDue to study the effect of foliar application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and brassinosteroids (BNs) on root and shoot vegetative traits of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) under salinity stress conditions, a greenhouse experiment was done at shahr-e-rey region 20 MoreDue to study the effect of foliar application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and brassinosteroids (BNs) on root and shoot vegetative traits of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) under salinity stress conditions, a greenhouse experiment was done at shahr-e-rey region 2016-2017. The experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design with four replications. In which salinity stress from the source of Nacl at three levels (0, 40 and 80 mM), Sodium nitroprusside at three levels (0, 75 and 150 μM) and Brassinosteroids at two levels (0 and 1.5 μm) were considered. The analysis of variance results showed that the simple effects of salinity stress, application of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid were significant on all investigated subjects, and among these traits, root length, number of leaves and root dry weight were influenced by the triple interaction of salinity stress, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. The results of mean comparison showed that in 95 mM sodium chloride consumption the lowest plant height (41.93 cm), root length (9.79 cm), leaves number (4.62), leaf area of plant (140.73), shoot fresh weight (12.93 g/plant), shoot dry weight (2.46 g/plant) and root dry weight (1.42 g/plant) were observed. The results of mean comparison double interaction effects confirmed that maximum amount of shoot dry weight (11.8867 g/plant), root dry weight (3.7811 g/plant) and leaf area (675.63 cm2) were obtained at 150 μM of sodium nitroprusside and 1.5 μM of brassinosteroid. Therefore, it can be concluded that consumption of sodium nitroprusside and brassinosteroid improved all morphological traits tested in rosemary medicinal plant through the occurrence of anti-stress effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
509 - Effect of Nano-selenium particles and sodium selenite on performance, carcass characteristics and antioxidant enzymes of quails under heat stress
Ebrahim Talebi Reyhane Ghazanfarpoor This study was designed to investigate the effects of Nano-Selenium and Sodium Selenite on performance, carcass characteristics, Glutathione Peroxidase and Superoxide dismutase of Japanese quail under heat stress condition. In this investigation, 300 Japanese qua More This study was designed to investigate the effects of Nano-Selenium and Sodium Selenite on performance, carcass characteristics, Glutathione Peroxidase and Superoxide dismutase of Japanese quail under heat stress condition. In this investigation, 300 Japanese quail chicks were used and the chickens were raised to 21 days in the same condition. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 treatments and 5 replicates of 20 chicks per replicate. The chickens daily were included under heat stress condition for 8 h at 34± 0.5oC. The results showed that weight gain and feed intake of chicks fed diets with Selenium Nano particles compared to the other two groups was significant (p < 0.05) as well as the FCR between different groups was no significant difference (p>0.05). The all three different treatments showed no significant effect on carcass composition (p>0.05) and increase in use of Nano-Selenium was more tender than sodium Selenite group, but not significant. The results revealed that glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly in second experimental group using selenium (p < 0.05). In the present study, superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased after adding 0.2 mg sodium selenite and nano-selenium (p < 0.05). The group of hemoglobin using selenium sources was significantly increased, but not significant increase in hematocrit. Results in this investigation revealed that Nano-Selenium is a better alternative compare to sodium Selenite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
510 - Investigation of buffering capacity of some buffer additives and an optimized buffer and its effect on gas production parameters of diets with different concentrate levels
Vahid Shahsanam Saeed Sobhanirad Kamran Reza Yazdi Parham Moslehifar In this study, the buffering resistance pattern of sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, sodium bentonite, and zeolite were statistically compared by plotting the titration curve and comparing the slope of the curves. Ac More In this study, the buffering resistance pattern of sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, sodium bentonite, and zeolite were statistically compared by plotting the titration curve and comparing the slope of the curves. According to the results of the buffer capacity, raw materials and their percentages were determined to produce the optimized multi-component buffer. The produced buffer acid-pH curve slope was compared with other slopes. No significant difference was observed in the slope of the optimized buffer with sodium bicarbonate (p <0.05). To ensure optimal buffer performance under ruminal conditions, experimental diets of low concentrate diet without buffer additive (CF), high concentrate diet without buffer additive (CC), low concentrate diet + 1% sodium bicarbonate (NF), high concentrate diet + 1% sodium bicarbonate (NC), low concentrate diet + 1% optimized buffer (BF) and high concentrate diet + 1% optimized buffer (BC), were examined with gas production test at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 24, 48, 72 and 96 after incubation in ruminal fluid. The use of buffer additives has positive effects on maintaining acid-base balance in the rumen and thus improving the ecology of rumen microorganisms, which was accompanied by a significant increase in gas production (p <0.05). The use of buffer supplements will improve the fermentation process and can significantly increase the digestibility of organic matter and feed metabolizable energy (p <0.05). In addition, the results showed that the optimized buffer has a similar function to sodium bicarbonate and can be used as a suitable alternative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
511 - اهمیت انسدادهای اختناقی روده بزرگ در کولیک اسب
alireza ghadrdan mashadi -
Open Access Article
512 - Rapid cataract induction by Sodium Selenite in rabbit
Voria Tohidi Saeed AzimpourFor the clear and precise vision, it is necessary that the light way in your eyes to be transparent and the cornea and lens focus light on the retina correctly. In cataract, less light passes through the lens as a result of blurring of the lens. The ability of lens adap MoreFor the clear and precise vision, it is necessary that the light way in your eyes to be transparent and the cornea and lens focus light on the retina correctly. In cataract, less light passes through the lens as a result of blurring of the lens. The ability of lens adaptation reduces with time. As a result, the sensitivity of subtraction will go away. The aim of this study was to try to make a rapid cataract in rabbits by injection of sodium selenite. For this purpose, 12 rabbits were kept for two weeks prior to injection for assuring of being clinically healthy and their eyes were examined for being free of cataract and other disorders by means of ophthalmoscopy, slit lamp biomicroscopy and ultrasonography. Rapid cataract was induced by subcutaneous injection of 1 mg/kg bw of sodium selenite and repeated two more times with 2 days interval (3 mg/kg bw totally). All rabbits were examined by ophthalmoscopy and B-mode ultrasonography daily and slit lamp biomicroscopy with three days interval until cataract was developed at day 9. At this time, Linear Cortical and posterior subcapsular cataract were observed in all rabbits. 4 rabbits were euthanized at day 23 for histological examination of the lenses and Induction of cataract was confirmed histology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
513 - Effect of temperature, drought and salinity stresses on germination of ten medicinal plant seeds
Mehrab Yadegari Abdollah GhasemiTo study the effects of salinity, temperature and drought stresses on germination indices in seeds of alyssum, dill, borage, marigold, saint john's wort, lemon balm, purslane, feverfew, thyme, and fenugreek, factorial experiments in laboratory conditions were performed MoreTo study the effects of salinity, temperature and drought stresses on germination indices in seeds of alyssum, dill, borage, marigold, saint john's wort, lemon balm, purslane, feverfew, thyme, and fenugreek, factorial experiments in laboratory conditions were performed in laboratory conditions in completely randomized design with 4 replication. The treatments contained of salinity at 4 NaCl concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 mM), Drought (PEG in 0, -0.6, -0.9, -1.2 bar) and Temperature (10/20, 15/25, 20/30, 25/35 °C night/day). The results showed that the treatments had significant effect on germination indices. By comparisons between species, the greatest seed vigour and germination percentage were made in seeds of purslane, then purslane seeds were the most tolerant to drought and salinity and other hand, the seeds of lemon balm and thyme in most of measured characters had the minimum values. By increasing salinity and drought levels, root dry/fresh weight, stem dry/fresh weight, root/stem length and vigour of seeds were decreased in all species. Germination percentage was increased by higher level of temperature but decreased by upper levels of salinity and drought stresses. The highest seed vigour was made in temperature of 20/30°C night/day and no salinity and drought stress (control) and the least related to the temperature degrees of 10/20°C night/day and concentration of 0.75 mM of NaCl and -1.2 bar of PEG. Then the seed of plants for example purslane can introduce for planting in salinity and drought regions, and seed of plants such as thyme and lemon balm ought not to suggest for sowing in this regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
514 - The Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Hakim Sabzevari University Faculty Members
Hassan Nodehi Zohre Sadat Sadr -
Open Access Article
515 - The study of Asadi Tusi’s anxiety of influence from the Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh based on Harold Bloom’s viewpoint
vaahid mobarakAbstract Among Shahnameh followers, Garshasbnameh composed by Asadi Tusi has an important standpoint. By going to Azarbayjan and staying in its favorable grounds Tusi aspired to complete the Shahnameh and like Nezami he embarked on composing parts of the national MoreAbstract Among Shahnameh followers, Garshasbnameh composed by Asadi Tusi has an important standpoint. By going to Azarbayjan and staying in its favorable grounds Tusi aspired to complete the Shahnameh and like Nezami he embarked on composing parts of the national narratives in Shahnameh not previously composed. Completing the work of predecessors are often accompanied by the anxiety of influence and imitation, and the poets attempt to relieve themselves from the shadow of their precursors. The purpose of this article is to determine the attempts made by Asadi Tusi to exit from the arena of influence posed by form, language and thoughts in Shahnameh as the model according to Harold Bloom’s argument. The results show that due to the anxiety of influence experienced by Tusi he wanted to overcome this anxiety by being different from Shahnameh, and escape from its circle of influence. By introducing Brahman in place of Mobad or priest and including ideological questions posed by Garshasb regarding the creation of life and man, and also by turning to verbosity, and beautiful solid descriptions, governing new perspective and philosophy different from the ancient Persian thought regarding the main issue of justice in government and justice of kings, also selecting theatrical functions such as egotism, prowess in battle, and placing scenes and numerous sea battle episodes, repetitive dragon killing spectacles, and most important of all, attributing abilities such as trial of the preeminent hero to Zahhak and setting the story in Zahhak’s era under the surveillance of a dragon who feeds on humans, and a father killer render this work different from Shahnameh. However various signs of dependence, manifested in the repetition of the hemistiches and verses attest to the influence of Shahnameh over Garshasbnameh. Asadi in dialectic of “dependence on swerving from the poetic language of his precursor had been dependent on Shahnameh and at the same time departed from it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
516 - Analysis of natural mythological mysterious phenomena in Garshasp nameh with emphasis upon the relationship of three axes of animism, Mana, and Fetishism
AFSANEH NOORI mohammad nader sharifiIn order to be safe from the nature’s wrath man started to worship manifestations of nature and this matter made primitive men to attach the power of magic and spell, supernatural force or spirit to the natural phenomena. In this way fetishism sect (power of MoreIn order to be safe from the nature’s wrath man started to worship manifestations of nature and this matter made primitive men to attach the power of magic and spell, supernatural force or spirit to the natural phenomena. In this way fetishism sect (power of magic) Mana (supernatural force) and Animism (spirit) took form. Certain myths are inherent in the nature and religious beliefs of a land since according to the view of some scholars epics are born from myths therefore the existence of mysterious phenomena in them is a natural affair. Asadi Tusi’s Garshasp nameh is a fine example. Using descriptive analytic method the purpose of this article is to analyze the natural phenomena in Garshasp nameh which has mysterious characteristics. The results obtained show that mirror has the healing power, stone has the power to make rain and make women fertile, belt increases warrior’s might, tree has the power to heal patients, bird’s feather also cures patients, spring both heals and offers help, plant has the power of bravery, has healing properties, tends to be a promoter of sleep and an aphrodisiac, water revives, and Garshasp’s mace has extraordinary power. It is concluded that mysterious natural phenomena act as a force and a fetish, and the spirit within them has the role of Mana and Animism. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
517 - The Relationship between Negative Meta-Emotion and Fatigue with Cognitive Failures in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Mediating Role of Ego Depletion
Fateme Moradi Masoud BagheriChronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as one of the most common lung diseases, has a progressive and debilitating nature and affects patients' psychological performance. It is often accompanied by decline in cognitive abilities. The purpose of this study was to investi MoreChronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as one of the most common lung diseases, has a progressive and debilitating nature and affects patients' psychological performance. It is often accompanied by decline in cognitive abilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of ego depletion in the relationship between negative meta-emotion and fatigue with cognitive failure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. For this purpose, in a descriptive-correlational study, 204 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Kerman were selected by convenience sampling and were evaluated for cognitive failure, ego depletion, negative meta-emotion, and fatigue. The results of data analysis showed that negative meta-emotion, fatigue and ego depletion have significant positive relationship with cognitive failure. Also, the results of path analysis also suggested that ego depletion plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between negative meta-emotion and fatigue with cognitive failure. That is, part of the relationship between negative meta-emotion and fatigue with cognitive failure occurs through ego depletion. It means, part of the relationship between negative meta-emotion and fatigue with cognitive failure occurs through ego depletion. Therefore, according to the results of the present study, we can reduce the ego depletion in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by providing therapeutic interventions based on reduction in negative meta-emotion and fatigue, thus preventing or controlling cognitive failure in these patients Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
518 - Evaluation of different methods of extraction and micropropagation of lemon grass on physicochemical properties of the extract
Sanaz Kamel Abdollah Alizadeh dariush khademi ShurmastiThis research was conducted to evaluate the extraction methods and also the encapsulation of lemon grass extract on the efficiency of extraction of effective components and some physical properties of the extract. Extraction was done by Soxhlet and ultrasonic methods. T MoreThis research was conducted to evaluate the extraction methods and also the encapsulation of lemon grass extract on the efficiency of extraction of effective components and some physical properties of the extract. Extraction was done by Soxhlet and ultrasonic methods. The extracts were encapsulated using solutions of wall materials including cyclodextrin and sodium caseinate. The extraction efficiency of the extract was measured and compared in two methods. The results showed that ultrasonic extraction significantly increased the extraction efficiency of citronellol, eugenol, linalool, and betacaryophyllin B compared to the Soxhlet method (p<0.05). Encapsulation of the extract with sodium caseinate compared to beta-cyclodextrin increases the production efficiency of microencapsulation (85.7 vs. 84%), increases moisture content (4.86 vs. 3.9%) and decreases mass density (250.21 vs. 547 kg/ M3) (p<0.05). The score of the sensory properties of lemon grass extract, including colour, smell and taste, was higher in the ultrasound method than in the Soxhlet method, and in sodium caseinate microcapsules, it was higher than beta-cyclodextrin. In general, ultrasonic extraction increased the efficiency of extracting effective substances and coating with sodium caseinate improved the physical and sensory properties of lemon grass extract. Therefore, it is recommended to extract lemon grass by ultrasonic method and cover the extracted extract with sodium caseinate to improve its use in food, cosmetic and medical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
519 - The reaction of balm mint ( dracocephalum moldavica ) to the salinity levels from sodium chloride in germination and plantlet stage
Alireza Pirzad رضا درویش زاده رئوف سیدشریفی محمد صدقیTo study the germination and plantlet growth in heterotrophic stage of balm mint, an experiment was carried out in complete random plots in four replications 0, 4, 12, 16 and 20 DC Siemens on sodium chloride. In this study the impact of sodium chloride on the percentage MoreTo study the germination and plantlet growth in heterotrophic stage of balm mint, an experiment was carried out in complete random plots in four replications 0, 4, 12, 16 and 20 DC Siemens on sodium chloride. In this study the impact of sodium chloride on the percentage and speed of germination , and the percentage of the reduction of germination in balm mint was not meaningful, but it was significant for the index of germination, time to %50 germination, the length of stalk and rootlet to the length of the stalk and rootlet and the dry and wet weight of plantlet. The highest ( 122 hours ) time of germination, 50 percent of the seeds related to the salinity of 4 and 20 DC Siemens to meter respectively. The longest stalklet (3.91cm ) and rootlet ( 1.97cm ) were obtained from control treatment and the lowest stalklet length ( 1.11cm ) and rootlet (0.46cm ) of 20 DC Siemens to meter. This difference in the process of length changes, led to the maximum and minimum ratio of stalklet length to rootlet respectively in the salinity of 4 and 16 DC Siemens to meter. The highest wet weight ( 95.7 mg ) and dry ( 7.68 mg ) of the plantlet were obtained from salinity of 4 and lowest wet weight ( 64.5 mg ) and dry ( 5.73 mg ) of the plantlet were 20 DC Siemens to meter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
520 - Paying a bribe in order to achieve the right (criticism of popular opinion, with a social approach to jurisprudence)
Alireza Norouzi seyed mojtaba mirdamadi Ebrahim SafikhaniThe sublime laws of Islam are legislated with the aim of perfection and happiness of the society and its people. The sanctity of bribery is one of the divine commandments that has been stated to prevent social and economic corruption and violation of rights. The sanctit MoreThe sublime laws of Islam are legislated with the aim of perfection and happiness of the society and its people. The sanctity of bribery is one of the divine commandments that has been stated to prevent social and economic corruption and violation of rights. The sanctity of bribery is common among all Muslim sects. However, an issue that has always been a subject of debate is the ruling on paying bribes in order to fulfill the right, especially in the case of exclusive rights. By analyzing and criticizing the bases and arguments of the views proposed in this field, the present research has chosen the unpopular theory and reached the conclusion that bribery in order to achieve justice is absolutely forbidden for the bribe giver and the bribe taker. In order to find the answer to the problem, after analyzing and correctly addressing each of the points of view, and in addition to applying the principles of Muslim jurisprudence, finally, with the governmental and social approach to jurisprudence, as well as using the method of gathering suspicion, the problem has been solved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
521 - Effect of sillicium priming on seed germination and initial growth of melon seedlings under salinity stress
Zakieh Azari Mohammad Sadeqe Sadeqi Hassan Bayat Hossein ArooieThe main goal of current experiment was evaluation of the effects Si priming on germination characteristics of melon under salt stress. For this purpose, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three levels of Si 0 as control, 1 a MoreThe main goal of current experiment was evaluation of the effects Si priming on germination characteristics of melon under salt stress. For this purpose, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three levels of Si 0 as control, 1 and 2 mM and 3 levels of NaCl (0, 75 and 150 mM) with three replications. Measured traits were germination percentage and rate, mean germination time, radical and plumule length, radical to plumule ratio, radical and plumule fresh weight. The salinity of 150 mM decreased germination percentage and rate, radical and plumule length by 9, 35, 69 and 71X comparing to the control, respectively. Seed priming with Si of 1 mM increased germination rate, radical and plumule length by 20, 33 and 35% comparing to the control, respectively. Seeds treated with Si (1 mM) had the highest germination percentage and rate at 75 mM of NaCl. On the whole, seed priming with Si could improve germination characteristics and seedling growth of melon under salinity stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
522 - Susceptibility of immature stages of parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to pesticides
Houshang Rafiee-Dastjerdi mirjalil hejazi gadir Nouri,Ghanbalani mosa saber naser mohebaliporCotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a polyphagous pest which attacks a wide variety of agricultural crops. Habrobracon hebetor Say is one of the most important natural enemies of H. armigera in Iran. Adults of H. hebetor were obtained from insectary o MoreCotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a polyphagous pest which attacks a wide variety of agricultural crops. Habrobracon hebetor Say is one of the most important natural enemies of H. armigera in Iran. Adults of H. hebetor were obtained from insectary of Plant Protection Bureau of Bilehsavar in Ardabil Province and reared on Anagasta kuehniella larvae in laboratory. Rearing condition was 26 ± 2 ˚C, 70 ± 5 % RH, and photoperiod of 16: 8 hours (L: D). The effect of field recommended doses of Hexaflumuron, Profenofos, Spinosad and Thiodicarb were assessed on immature stages and the adult emergence of H. hebetor. Profenofos, Spinosad and Thiodicarb caused 73.62, 39, and 29.25 % reduction in adult emergence, respectively, and were classified as moderately harmful pesticides based on International Organization of Biological Control (IOBC) pesticide classification method. Hexaflumuron with 9.87 % reduction in adult emergence in spray method was classified as harmless. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
523 - The effect of halo- and hydropriming on germination and initial growth of corn cv. SC704 under salinity and drought stress conditions
Alyeh Rokhfirooz Soleiman Jamshidi Naser MohebbalipourThis study was conducted during thesummer of 2013 in Islamic Azad University, Dezful branch in a completely randomized design with three replications in a factorial base in order to determine the effect of hydro and halopriming pretreatments on germination, early growth MoreThis study was conducted during thesummer of 2013 in Islamic Azad University, Dezful branch in a completely randomized design with three replications in a factorial base in order to determine the effect of hydro and halopriming pretreatments on germination, early growth and establishment of maize 704 single cross cultivar under salinity and drought conditions. To this end, the corn seeds pretreated with potassium nitrate (halopriming) and distilled water (hydropriming) in terms of germination index and growth of seedlings under salt stress by sodium chloride and drought conditions caused by poly ethylene glycol 6000 in water potentials of 0, -0.2, -0.4 and -0.6 MPa in greenhouse were studied in vitro. Seeds were able to germinate in all concentrations of sodium chloride solution, but germination was not observed only in -0.6 MPa osmotic potential. Pretreatment of seeds caused better seed germination and seedling growth under salinity and drought stresses. The application of hydro and osmotic pretreatments could compensate the negative effects of salinity and drought stresses and had positive effect on germination indices and also caused rapid seed germination. Generally, pretreatment practices are recommended for the improvement of germination and initial establishment of maize seedling. �مام غلظت­های محلول کلرید­سدیم بودند، اما تنها در پتانسیل اسمزی 6/0- مگاپاسکال جوانه­زنی مشاهده نشد. پیش­تیمار بذر باعث جوانه­زنی بهتر و رشد گیاهچه­ها تحت تنش­های شوری و خشکی ­شد. استفاده از روش پیش­تیمار اسمزی و آبی توانست اثرات منفی تنش­ها را جبران نماید و اثر مثبت بر شاخص­های جوانه­زنی داشت و باعث شد تا جوانه­زنی بذرها سریعتر انجام شود. در کل، اعمال پیش­تیمار برای بهبود جوانه­زنی و استقرار اولیه گیاهچه­ ذرت تحت تنش توصیه می­شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
524 - Salinity tolerance of two marigold genotypes to salt stress at germination and adult stages
Aylin Hajipour Fard Davoud Sadeghzadeh-AhariIn this study, the effect of two sodium chloride concentrations of 4 and 8 g/L on two marigold sparse petal and compact petal genotypes evaluated at germination and adult stages using factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design. There were differences MoreIn this study, the effect of two sodium chloride concentrations of 4 and 8 g/L on two marigold sparse petal and compact petal genotypes evaluated at germination and adult stages using factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design. There were differences between genotypes in some germination indices, vegetative and reproductive morphological and physiological traits. Some traits were reduced by increasing sodium chloride concentration to 8 g/L in both growing stages. Interactional effects of salt × genotype were significant on germination percentage and leaf water saturation deficient at seedling and adult stages, respectively. Sparse petal and compact petal genotypes were more tolerant to salinity in seedling and adult stages, respectively. Therefore, cultivation of compact petal marigold genotype in areas with water salinity problem up to 4 g/L NaCl is suitable and advisable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
525 - Effect of salt stress on antioxidant enzymes, photosynthetic pigments and proline in commercial varieties of maize (Zea mays L.)
Davar MolazemThis study was conducted to determinethe effect of different levels of salinity on some physiological traits in eight cultivars of corn in factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design in three replication and several traits of sodium ion (N MoreThis study was conducted to determinethe effect of different levels of salinity on some physiological traits in eight cultivars of corn in factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design in three replication and several traits of sodium ion (Na+)concentration in leaf, chlorophyll a, and b, proline and antioxidant enzymes were measured. K3653/2 cultivar was blighted in salinity concentration of 50 mM which showed its sensitivity to salinity and was removed from the study. There was a significant difference between different salinity on chlorophyll a and b, the content of sodium in leaf, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. The highest amount of chlorophyll a was obtained in K3615/1 in normal condition. The amount of superoxide dismutase increased with increasing salinity and the highest amount of this enzyme was observed in salinity concentration of 100 mM. There wasn't any significant difference among cultivars in terms of superoxide dismutase in salinity concentration of 100 mM. The increase of salinity concentration level increased the amount of proline in most cultivars. The highest level of \proline was obtained from K3545/6, Zaqatala, SC302 and SC704 cultivars in salinity concentration of 100 mM. The maximum amount of ascorbate peroxidase enzyme was obtained from SC302 and Waxy cultivars in normal conditions. There wasn't any significant difference among cultivars in terms of Na+ content in normal condition. Two cultivars of Zaqatala and SC704 showed more resistance to salinity, Therefore they can be used in breeding programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
526 - Effect of selenium and some organic materials on morphophysiological traits and secondary metabolites of dill (Anethum graveolens L.)
Parviz Samavati pour Vahid Abdossi Reza Salehi Saeid SamavatSelenium, known as a key ingredient for human and animal health, can play an important role in the antioxidant mechanism in plants. Unfortunately, many plants fail to have enough selenium, which has led to selenium enrichment. The aim of this study was t MoreSelenium, known as a key ingredient for human and animal health, can play an important role in the antioxidant mechanism in plants. Unfortunately, many plants fail to have enough selenium, which has led to selenium enrichment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of selenium combined with fulvic acid and humic acid on nutritional value of dill. To this end, an experiment based on a completely randomized factorial design with three levels of fulvic acid and humic acid (0, 50 and 150 mmol/L) and selenium application at 5 levels (0, 6, 8, 12 and 16 mg/L) with three replications was conducted in a greenhouse. The results of this experiment showed that the effect of 50 mmol/L fulvic acids + 12 mg/L sodium selanate, was significant on morpho-physiological traits such as shoot and root dry weight, plant height, chlorophyll, essence, amount of selenium,and antioxidant enzymes. The results indicate that selenium along with the acids increased and improved essential oilconstituents such as alpha-pinene (3.129%), beta-myrcene (2,231%), alpha-phellandene (46.14%) and carvone (74.83%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
527 - The effect of salinity stress on traits related to germination of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
Hadi Salek Mearaji Afshin Tavakoli Soheila Ghanimati Parvin KasirlouSalinity is one of the most abiotic stress that cased reduce the yield of crops. Quinoa has role importance in human nutrition and have a high resistance to salinity stress. In order to investigate the effects of salinity stress on germination characteristics of quinoa MoreSalinity is one of the most abiotic stress that cased reduce the yield of crops. Quinoa has role importance in human nutrition and have a high resistance to salinity stress. In order to investigate the effects of salinity stress on germination characteristics of quinoa cultivar Q26, experiment was conducted based a complete randomized design (CRD) with four replication. The treatments consisted of different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) (0,4, 8,12,16,20, 30and40 dS/m) on the germination seed of quinoa under laboratory conditions. Salinity haveundesirable effects ontraits study such as germination percentage, germination rate, shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight, stem-to-root ratio (Coefficient of Allometry), germination uniformity and time to 50 percent germination.The percent germinationsignificantly reduce in 30 dS/m salinity,but many traits reduced in concentration 40 dS/m of NaCl. The percentage of germination was not significant between control and 30 dS/m treatment, but at 40 dS/m concentration reduced to 75 percent. With increase salinity levels, time to 50 percent germination increased significantly. Germination rate also reduced significantly by salinity levels.The shoot-to-root ratio decreased with increasing salinity up to 20 dS/m but reached a maximum at 30 dS/m The results showed that quinoa cultivar Q26 has high resistance to salinity stress in germination stage,therefore it can be said that thiscultivar have a good resistance to 30 dS/mof sodium chlorideand can be thebest cultivar for saline conditionafter field evaluation and appropriate climate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
528 - The effect of seed priming by salicylic acid and nano-iron chelate on germination and initial growth of lentil under salinity stress
Hassan Nourafcan Masoumeh ShahmoradiTo study the effect of seed priming by salicylic acid and nano-iron chelate on germination and initial growth of lentil under salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments was contained pr MoreTo study the effect of seed priming by salicylic acid and nano-iron chelate on germination and initial growth of lentil under salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments was contained priming with salicylic acid and nano-iron chelate each with three levels (1000, 2000 and 3000 mg.L-1), hydropriming with distilled water and control (non-priming) and four salinity levels (control, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg.L-1). The results showed that seed priming by salicylic acid and nano-iron chelate had significant effect on germination percentage and rate, emergence percentage and rate, mean of germination and emergence time mean, plumule length, fresh and dry weight under salinity stress. The sodium chloride salt with 3000 mg.L-1 rate caused significant decrement in seedling germination and initial growth characteristics, comparing to control. In the present study, salicylic acid showed positive effect on germination and growth characteristics of lentil seedling under salinity stress with and without nano-iron chelate, so that germination and initial growth characteristics of lentil seedling were increased by application of salicylic acid in sole and under salinity stress, comparing to control. Therefore, applying seed priming by salicylic acid with 3000 mg.L-1 to improve germination and establishment of seedling with or without salinity stress condition is going to be recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
529 - Effect of nitrogen on germination, initial growth, proline and nitrate reductase activity of Borage under salinity stress
Mehdi Aghighi Shahverdi Heshmat Omidi Abdolamir BostaniABSTRACT The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the nitrogen on borage seed germination under saline stress. The experiment was in a factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors were sa MoreABSTRACT The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the nitrogen on borage seed germination under saline stress. The experiment was in a factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors were salinity stress including 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 ds.m-1 and five ratio of nitrogen source nutrition, NO3-:NH4+ (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100). The effect of salinity and also effect of salinity and nitrogen source on growth and physiological traits including dry weight, proline content, nitrogen and nitrate reductase activity was investigated. Increasing salinity levels caused a significant decrease of seed germination and seedling dry weight. Nitrogen nutrition with ratio 50% of ammonium with increasing proline in high salinity conditions, to moderate the negative effects of stress, in contrast, by increasing the amount of ammonium than nitrate, nitrate reductase activity and total seedling growth decreased and salinity showed more negative effects, so that the seedling growth of 75 and 100% ammonium was stopped. Amount of nitrogen in terms of more nitrate than ammonium negative correlation with salinity, and conversely by increasing the amount of ammonium than nitrate showed a positive relationship. Applications of nitrogen source with NO3- by rate of more 50% is suggesting for obtaining uppermost germination indices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
530 - Effect of salicylic acid on salinity stress tolerance improvement of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) in greenhouse
Hassan NourafcanPeppermint (Mentha piperita L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants belonging to the Lamiaceae. In order to study the effect of different concentration of salicylic acid (SA) and salinity stress on peppermint morphological characteristics, an experiment was co MorePeppermint (Mentha piperita L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants belonging to the Lamiaceae. In order to study the effect of different concentration of salicylic acid (SA) and salinity stress on peppermint morphological characteristics, an experiment was conducted as a factorial design based on completely randomized design with four replications. To investigate the interaction of salicylic acid and salinity stress, the following treatments were used: four NaCl concentrations of 0, 50,100 and 150 mmolL-1 and four salicylic acid 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mmolL-1. The plants were grown in pots until they grow to harvesting stage. At the end of experiments, various traits such as height of plants, number of lateral branches, node and leaf, diameter of main shoot and shad of canopy, dry and fresh weight of shoot, fresh weight of root, length of internodes and root were measured. Plants that were under salinity stress level of 150 mmolL-1 died before end of experiments. The results showed that effects of salinity stress on number of lateral branches, number of node and leaf, shoot diameter, dry and fresh weight of shoot, length of internodes and root and fresh weight of root, SA on number of lateral branches and dry weight of shoot and their interaction on height of plants and shad of canopy were significant on peppermint. The highest suppress effect in salinity stress was obtained in 100 mmolL-1 NaCl and the effective in SA were 0.1 and 0.5 mmolL-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
531 - Analysis of effective parameters on water head over the underground dams and an innovative methodology for estimation of it
Omid Tayari Abolfazl ShamsaeiUnderground dams have been considered for ground water resources development and prevention of ground water losses all around the world especially in arid and semi-arid regions. A physical model with dimensions of (4x0.85x1.3m) accompanied by a numerical model, MODFLOW, MoreUnderground dams have been considered for ground water resources development and prevention of ground water losses all around the world especially in arid and semi-arid regions. A physical model with dimensions of (4x0.85x1.3m) accompanied by a numerical model, MODFLOW, were used to simulate the flow in the reservoir of ground water dams and thus the head of water over the crest was determined. Numerical model was calibrated based upon more than 200 data, which are carried out on the physical model in different conditions. Studies clarified that the most important factors which control the height of water on underground dams are: discharge, the height of dam, initial level of water table, hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer,dam thickness and finally bed rock slope. Also a formula for estimating the height of water on underground dam (H) was derived form: H=S*F in which S is a factor reflects the condition of discharge, hydraulic conductivity, dam thickness and bed rock slope and can be computed by the equation of S=ST.Sq.Sk.Ss and F is a power product of dam height (Hdam) to initial water table level (H0) ratio and were calculated from formula F=2.0632(Hdam/H0)-0.379100. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
532 - Effects of salinity stress on some physiologic characteristics of dill, Anethum graveolens L.
Hamid Noorani Azad Mohammad Reza HajibagheriIn order to study the effect of NaCl salinity on some phisiological characteristics and accumulation of some mineral and organic matters in dill plant, Anethum graveolens L., a completely randomized design was arranged with five salinity levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM MoreIn order to study the effect of NaCl salinity on some phisiological characteristics and accumulation of some mineral and organic matters in dill plant, Anethum graveolens L., a completely randomized design was arranged with five salinity levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl) with four replications. Seeds culturing was done in greenhouse and plants irrigated by Hoagland nutrition solution. Total dry weight, stem length, leaf area, total leaf chlorophyll, total soluble sugars and Na+, K+ and Cl- were measured at the final leaf growth stage. Results showed that total chlorophyll, dry weight, K+ in leaves, leaf area, and stem length significantly decreased with increasing salinity levels, while total soluble sugars increased. In addition, the significant increase of Na+ and Cl- accumulation in the leaves, particularly at high salinity levels caused nutrient deficiency and ionic toxicity. The sugar accumulation at high salinity levels showed their importance in osmoregulation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
533 - Study of salinity different levels effects on sodium and potassium amounts of rosemary medical plants
Abbas SheibanianAbstract:Drought is one of the environmental stresses that has destructive and harmful effects on most stages of plant growth, organ structure and activity, and considering the increasing trend of developing saline lands and the lack of suitable arable lands for agricul MoreAbstract:Drought is one of the environmental stresses that has destructive and harmful effects on most stages of plant growth, organ structure and activity, and considering the increasing trend of developing saline lands and the lack of suitable arable lands for agriculture, more knowledge of the effects of priming in the conditions of salinity stress is needed. It is very important. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized block design at the Dana Medicinal Plants Research Center in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. The results showed that with the increase in salinity, the amount of sodium increased and the lowest amount of sodium was related to the control treatment (28.74 mg/fresh weight) and the highest amount of sodium was related to the treatment with salinity of 8 dS/m (38.39). Also, with increasing salinity, the amount of potassium decreased, and the lowest amount of potassium is related to the salinity treatment of 8 dS/m (3.82 mg/fresh weight) and the highest amount of potassium is related to the control treatment (4.55 mg/fresh weight). According to the above information, it can be said that by increasing the osmotic pressure of the soil solution, the sodium element disturbs the balance of the ions needed by the plant by increasing the osmotic pressure of the soil solution.Abstract:Drought is one of the environmental stresses that has destructive and harmful effects on most stages of plant growth, organ structure and activity, and considering the increasing trend of developing saline lands and the lack of suitable arable lands for agriculture, more knowledge of the effects of priming in the conditions of salinity stress is needed. It is very important. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized block design at the Dana Medicinal Plants Research Center in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. The results showed that with the increase in salinity, the amount of sodium increased and the lowest amount of sodium was related to the control treatment (28.74 mg/fresh weight) and the highest amount of sodium was related to the treatment with salinity of 8 dS/m (38.39). Also, with increasing salinity, the amount of potassium decreased, and the lowest amount of potassium is related to the salinity treatment of 8 dS/m (3.82 mg/fresh weight) and the highest amount of potassium is related to the control treatment (4.55 mg/fresh weight). According to the above information, it can be said that by increasing the osmotic pressure of the soil solution, the sodium element disturbs the balance of the ions needed by the plant by increasing the osmotic pressure of the soil solution.Abstract:Drought is one of the environmental stresses that has destructive and harmful effects on most stages of plant growth, organ structure and activity, and considering the increasing trend of developing saline lands and the lack of suitable arable lands for agriculture, more knowledge of the effects of priming in the conditions of salinity stress is needed. It is very important. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized block design at the Dana Medicinal Plants Research Center in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. The results showed that with the increase in salinity, the amount of sodium increased and the lowest amount of sodium was related to the control treatment (28.74 mg/fresh weight) and the highest amount of sodium was related to the treatment with salinity of 8 dS/m (38.39). Also, with increasing salinity, the amount of potassium decreased, and the lowest amount of potassium is related to the salinity treatment of 8 dS/m (3.82 mg/fresh weight) and the highest amount of potassium is related to the control treatment (4.55 mg/fresh weight). According to the above information, it can be said that by increasing the osmotic pressure of the soil solution, the sodium element disturbs the balance of the ions needed by the plant by increasing the osmotic pressure of the soil solution.Abstract:Drought is one of the environmental stresses that has destructive and harmful effects on most stages of plant growth, organ structure and activity, and considering the increasing trend of developing saline lands and the lack of suitable arable lands for agriculture, more knowledge of the effects of priming in the conditions of salinity stress is needed. It is very important. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized block design at the Dana Medicinal Plants Research Center in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. The results showed that with the increase in salinity, the amount of sodium increased and the lowest amount of sodium was related to the control treatment (28.74 mg/fresh weight) and the highest amount of sodium was related to the treatment with salinity of 8 dS/m (38.39). Also, with increasing salinity, the amount of potassium decreased, and the lowest amount of potassium is related to the salinity treatment of 8 dS/m (3.82 mg/fresh weight) and the highest amount of potassium is related to the control treatment (4.55 mg/fresh weight). According to the above information, it can be said that by increasing the osmotic pressure of the soil solution, the sodium element disturbs the balance of the ions needed by the plant by increasing the osmotic pressure of the soil solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
534 - س
احسان نظربیگی نازنین بلوچی
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