Effects of salinity stress on some physiologic characteristics of dill, Anethum graveolens L.

Subject Areas : Agroecology Journal

Hamid Noorani Azad ¹ , Mohammad Reza Hajibagheri ²

1 - Scientific Boards of Islamic Azad University, Estahban Branch
2 - M. Sc. Student and Member of Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Estahban Branch

Received: 2008-01-27 Accepted : 2008-08-05 Published : 2008-10-22

Keywords: NaCl, Salinity, Chlorophyll, Dill, leaf area,

Abstract :

In order to study the effect of NaCl salinity on some phisiological characteristics and accumulation of some mineral and organic matters in dill plant, Anethum graveolens L., a completely randomized design was arranged with five salinity levels (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl) with four replications. Seeds culturing was done in greenhouse and plants irrigated by Hoagland nutrition solution. Total dry weight, stem length, leaf area, total leaf chlorophyll, total soluble sugars and Na+, K+ and Cl- were measured at the final leaf growth stage. Results showed that total chlorophyll, dry weight, K+ in leaves, leaf area, and stem length significantly decreased with increasing salinity levels, while total soluble sugars increased. In addition, the significant increase of Na+ and Cl- accumulation in the leaves, particularly at high salinity levels caused nutrient deficiency and ionic toxicity. The sugar accumulation at high salinity levels showed their importance in osmoregulation. 

References:

1- امامی، ع. 1375. روش‏های تجزیه گیاه. انتشارات مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، نشریه فنی شماره 82 ، 128 صفحه.

2- حیدری شریف آباد، ح. 1380. گیاه و شوری. انتشارات مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‏ها و مراتع، چاپ اول، 199 صفحه.

1. Alam, S. M. 1996. Allelopathic effects of weeds on the growth and development of wheat and rice under saline conditions. Ph.D dissertation, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan, 180 pp.


2. Ashraf, M. 2001. Relationship between growth and gas exchange characteristics in some salt–tolerant amphidiploid Brassica species in relation to their diploid Parents. Environmental and Experimental Botany 45: 155 – 163.


3. Brugnoli, N. and M. Lauteri. 1991. Effect of salinity on stomatal conductance, Photosynthesis capacity and carbon isotope discrimination of salt tolerant (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and salt sensitive (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) C₃ non–halophytes. Plant Physiology 95:628 - 635.


4. Ejazrasll, A. W. and A. Rao. 1997. Germination responses of sensitive and tolerant sugarcane lines to sodium chloride. Seed Science and Technology 25: 465-471.


5. Epstein, E. 1972. Mineral nutrition of Plants, Principles and Perspectives. John Wiley and Sons Inc, 210 pp.


6. Epstein, E. and D. W. Rains. 1987. Advance in salt tolerance. Plant and Soil 99:17-29. 


7. Fougere, F. 1991. Effects of salt stress on amino acids, organic acids, and carbohydrates composition of roots, bacteroides, cytosol of alfalfa. Plant Physiology 96: 1228-1239.


8. Ghoulam, C., A. Foursy, and K. Fares. 2002. Effects of salt stress on growth, inorganic ions and proline accumulation in relation to osmotic adjustment in five sugar beet cultivars. Environmental and Experimental Botany 47: 39-50.


9. Greenway, H. and R. Munns. 1980. Mechanism of salt tolerance in non–halophytes. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 31: 141-190.


10. Gunes, A., A. Inal, and M. Alpaslan. 1995. Effect of salinity on stomatal resistance, Proline and mineral composition of pepper. Journal of Plant Nutrition 19: 389-396.

13. Johnson, J. M. and A. Ulrich. 1975. Analytical methods for use in Plant analysis. Bulletin 766. Berkeley: University of California, Agricultural Experiment station. PP. 26 -78.

14. Kaya, C., H. Kirnak, D. Higgs, and K. Saltali. 2002. Supplementary calcium enhances plant growth and fruit yield in stawberry cultivars grown at high (Nacl) salinity. Scientia Horticulture 93: 65 – 74.

15. Kingsbury, R. W., E. Epstein, and R. W. Pearcy. 1984. Physiological responses to salinity in selected lines of wheat. Plant Physiology 74: 417– 423.

16. Kochert, G. 1978. Carbohydrates determination by the Phenolsulfuric acid method. Hand book of Physiological methods. J. S. Craigie Cambridge University press. 96-97.

17. Leopoid, A. C. and R. P Willing. 1984. Evidence for toxicity effects of salt on membranes. In: R. C. Staples and G. H. Toenniessen (eds.): Salinity tolerance in plants. strategies for crop improvement, PP. 67-76.

18. Munns, R. and A. Termaat. 1986. whole – plant responses to salinity. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 13:143-160.

19. Naidoo, G. and R. Rughunanen. 1990. Salt tolerance in the succulent coastal halophytes, Sarcocarnia natalensis. Journal of Experimental Botany 41: 497-502.

20. Navarro, J. M., V. Martinez, and V. Carvajal. 2000. Amonium, bicarbonate and calcium effects on tomato Plants grown under saline conditions. Plant Science 157: 89-96.

21. Pakniyat, H., A. Kazemipour and G. A. Mohammadi. 2003. Variation in salt tolerance of cultivated (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wild (H.spontanum C. Koch) barley genotypes from Iran. Iran Agricultural Research 22: 45-62.

22. Papp, J. C., M. C. Ball, and N. Terry. 1983. A comparative study of the effects of Nacl Salinity on resoiration, Photosynthesis and leaf extension growth in Beta valgaris L. Plant, Cell and Environment 6 : 675-677.

23. Qadar, A. 1995. Potassium and sodium contents of shoot and laminae of rice cultivars and their sodicity tolerance. Journal of Plant Nutrition 18: 2281–2286.

24. Rao, G. G. and G. R. Rao. 1981. Pigment composition and chlorophyllase activity in Pigeon Pea and gingelly under Nacl Salinity. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 19: 768-770.

25. Reggiani, R., B. Bozo, and A. Bertani. 1995. The effect of salinity on barley seedling growth of three wheat cultivar. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75: 175–177.

26. Rosa- Ibara, M.D.L. and R.K. Maiti. 1995. Biochemical mechanism in glossy sorghum lines for resistance  to salinity stress. Journal of Plant physiology 146:515-519.

27. Shimose, N. and N. Hayashi. 1983. Salt tolerance of Parsley, Welsh onion, radish and cabbage. Scientific Reports of the Faculty of Agriculture. Okayama University. Japan, 62: 25–30.

28. Simon, J. E., A. F. Chadwich and L. E. Craker. 1984. Herbs: An Index bibiography. Archon books, 770 PP. Hnden CT.

29. Singh, R., and G. P. Haragava. 1995. Response of safflower and dill to soil salinity. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 65(6): 442 -444.

30. Staple, R. C. and H. T. Gray. 1984. Salinity tolerance in plants. John Wiley and Sons Inc.

31. Strain, H. H. and W. A. Svec. 1966. Extraction, separation, estimation and isolation of chlorophylls. In: L. P. Vernon, and G. R. Seely, (eds.): The chlorophylls. Academic press. New York. PP. 199 – 244.

32. Turner, N. C. and M. M. Jones. 1995. Turgor maintenance by osmotic ad justment: A review and evaluation. In: N. C. Turner, P. J. Kramer (eds.): Adaptation of Plants to water and high temperature stress. John Wiley and Sons. New York. 87-103.

33. Volkmar, K., and H. Steppuha. 1998. Physiological responses of Plants to salinity: a review. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78: 19-72.

34. Yassen, B. Y. and J. A. Jurgees. 1998. The response of sugar beet leaf growth and its ionic composition to sodium chloride. Journal of Agriculture and water Resource Research, Soil and Water Resources 7 (1): 47 – 59.

35. Yeo, A. R., K. S. Lee, P. Izard, P. J. Bousier, and T. J. Flowers. 1991. Short and long – term effects of salinity on leaf growth in rice. Journal of Experimental Botany 42: 881-889.