تاثیر سیلیسیم بر شاخص ‏های رشد و کاهش خسارت بیماری سفیدک پودری آهار (Zinnia elegans Jacq. ʻMagellanʼ)

Subject Areas : Journal of Ornamental Plants

مریم میرصفای مقدم ¹ , محمد نقی پاداشت دهکایی ²

1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، رشت ، ایران
2 - گروه پژوهشی محصولات باغبانی، مرکز آموزش و تحقیقات منابع طبیعی و کشاورزی گیلان، رشت، ایران

Received: 2016-01-30 Accepted : 2016-04-28 Published : 2016-09-01

Keywords: سیلیکات سدیم, سفیدک پودری, سیلیسیم(Si), گل آهار,

Abstract :

به منظور بررسی اثرات سیلیسیم بر شاخص‏های رشد و کاهش خسارت بیماری سفیدک پودری آهار (Zinnia elegans Jacq. ʻMagellanʼ)، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با دو عامل در هشت تیمار و سه تکرار انجام گرفت. عامل اول، غلظت سیلیسیم در چهار سطح شامل 0، 50، 100، 150 میلی‏گرم بر لیتر و عامل دوم، روش کاربرد در دو سطح شامل محلول‏پاشی و خاکی بود. بر اساس غلظت و روش کاربرد سیلیسیم با کاربرد این ماده، چندین شاخص باغبانی گیاه بهبود یافت. میزان سیلیسیم گیاهان تیمار شده (100 و 150 میلی­گرم بر لیتر سیلیسیم به روش محلول پاشی) در مقایسه با گیاهان شاهد به طور معنی­داری افزایش یافت. شدت بیماری سفیدک پودری با کاربرد سیلیسیم کاهش یافت. نتایج مطالعه ما ثابت کرد که تیمارهای محلول پاشی نسبت به تیمارهای خاکی تاثیر بیشتری در کنترل بیماری دارند.  

References:

Adatia, M. H. and Besford, R. T. 1986. The effects of silicon on cucumber plants grown in recirculating nutrient solution. Annals of Botany, 58: 343-351.

Belanger, R. R., Benhamou, N. and Menzies, G. 2003. Cytological evidence of an active role of silicon in wheat resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. Tritici). Phytopathology, 93: 402- 412.

Bowen, P., Menzies, J. and Ehret, D. 1992. Soluble silicon sprays inhibit powdery mildew development on grape leaves. American SocietyforHorticultural Science. 117: 906- 912.

Campbell, C.L. and Madden, L.V. 1990. Introduction to plant disease epidemiology. John Wiley and Sons, New York City.

Elliott, C. L. and Snyder, G. H. 1991. Autoclave- induced digestion for the colorimetric determination of silicon in rice straw. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 39: 1118- 1119.

Epstein, E. 1994. The anomaly of silicon in plant biology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 91: 11- 17.

Fauteux, F., Chain, F., Belzile, F., Menzies, J.G. and Belanger R.R. 2006. The protective role of silicon in the Arabidopsis- powdery mildew pathosystem. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA. 103: 17554- 17559.

Fawe, A., Abou-Ziad, M., Menzies, J. G. and Belanger, R. R. 1998. Silicon- mediated accumulation of flavonoid phytoalexins in cucumber. Phytopathology, 88: 369- 401.

Frantz, J. M., Locke, J. C., Datnoff, L., Omer, M., Widrig, A., Sturtz, D., Horst, L. and Krause, C. R. 2008. Detection, distribution, and quantification of silicon in floricultural crops utilizing three distinct analytical methods. CommunicationsinSoil ScienceandPlant Analysis. 39: 2734- 2751.

Ghanmi, G., McNallya, N., Menzies, G. and Belanger, R. 2004. Powdery mildew of Arabidopsis thaliana: a pathosystem for exploring the role of silicon in plant- microbe interactions. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 64: 189-199.

Hanafy Ahmed, A. H., Harb, E. E., Higazy, M. A. and Morgan, Sh. H. 2008. Effect of silicon and boron foliar application on wheat plants grown under saline soil conditions. International Journal of Agricultural Research. 3(1): 1- 26.

Hodson, M. J. and Sangster, A. G. 1988. Silica deposition in the influence bracts of wheat. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Canadian Journal of Botany. 66: 829-837.

Hwang, S. J., Hamayun, M., Kim, H. Y., Na, C. I., Kim, K. U. Shin, D. H., Kim, S. Y. and Lee, I. J. 2007. Effect of nitrogen and silicon nutrition on bioactive gibberellins and growth of rice under field conditions. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology. 10: 281- 286.

Hwang, S. J., Park, H. M. and Jeong, B. R. 2005. Effects of potassium silicate on the growth of miniature rose ʻPinocchioʼ grown on rockwool and its cut flower quality.Journal oftheJapanese SocietyforHorticultural Science. 74: 242- 247.

Kamenidou, S., Cavins, T. J. and Marek, S. 2008. Silicon supplements affect horticultural traits of greenhouse produced ornamental sunflowers. HortScience. 43: 236- 239.

Kamenidou, S., Cavins, T. J. and Marek, S. 2010. Silicon supplements affect floricultural quality traits and elemental nutrient concentrations of greenhouse produced gerbera. Scientia Horticulturae. 123: 390- 394.

Kanto, T., Miyoshi, A., Ogawa, T., Maekawa, K. and Aino, M. 2004. Suppressive effect of potassium silicate on powdery mildew of strawberry in hydroponics. Journal of General Plant Pathology, 70: 207- 211.

Kanto, T., Miyoshi, A., Ogawa, T., Maekawa, K. and Aino, M. 2006. Suppressive effect of potassium silicate on powdery mildew of strawberry in soil. Journal of General Plant Pathology, 72: 137- 142.

Lebeda, A. 1984. Screening of wild Cucumis species for resistance to cucumber powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum and Sphaerotheca fuliginea). Scientia Horticulturae. 24: 241- 249.

Liang, Y. C., Sun, W. C., Si, J. and Romheld, V. 2005. Effects of foliar and root applied silicon on the enhancement of induced resistance to powdery mildew in Cucumis sativus. Plant Pathology. 54: 678- 685.

Lu, G. and Cao, J. 2001. Effects of silicon on earliness and photosynthetic characteristics of melon. Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 28: 421- 424.

Ma, J. F. 2004. Role of silicon in enhancing the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Soil ScienceandPlant Nutrition. 50(1):11- 18.

Ma, J. F., Miyake, Y. and Takahashi, E. 2001. Silicon as a beneficial element for crop plants. In: Datnoff, L., Snyder, G. and Korndorfer, G. (Eds.), Silicon in Agriculture. Elsevier Science, New York, pp. 17- 39.

Ma, J. F. and Takahashi, E. 2002. Soil, fertilizer and plant silicon research in Japan. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Netherland.

Mattson, N. S. and Leatherwood, W. R. 2010. Potassium silicate drenches increase leaf silicon content and affect morphological traits of several floriculture crops grown in a peat- based substrate. HortScience, 45(1): 43- 47.

McAvoy, R. J. and B. B. Bernard. 1996. Silica sprays reduce the incidence and severity of bract necrosis in poinsettia. HortScience 31: 1146- 1149.

Menzies, J., Bowen, P. and Ehret, D. 1992. Foliar application of potassium silicate reduces severity of powdery mildew on cucumber, muskmelon, and zucchini squash. American SocietyforHorticultural Science. 117: 902- 905.

Moon, H. H., Bae, M. J. and Jeong, B. R. 2008. Effect of silicate supplemented medium on rooting of cutting and growth of chrysanthemum. Flower Research Journal, 16: 107- 111.

Remus- Borel, W., Menzies, J. G. and Belanger, R. R. 2005. Silicon induced antifungal compounds in powdery mildew- infected wheat. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 66(3): 108- 115.

Rodrigues, F. A., Jurick, W. M., Datnoff, L. E., Jones, J. B. and Rollins, J. A. 2005. Cytological and molecular aspects of silicon- mediated resistance in rice against Magnaporthe grisea. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 66: 144- 159.

Rodrigues, F. A., McNally, D. J., Datnoff, L. E., Jones, J. B., Labbe, C., Benhamou, N., Menzies, J. G. and Belanger, R. R. 2004. Silicon enhances the accumulation of diterpenoid phytoalexins in rice: a potential mechanism for blast resistance, phytopathol. 94: 177- 183.

Samuels, A. L., Glass, A. D. M., Ehret, D. L. and Menzies, J. G. 1991a. Mobility and deposition of silicon in cucumber plants. Plant, Cell and Enviroment, 14: 485-492.

Samuels, A. L., Glass, A. D. M., Ehret, D. L. and Menzies, J. G. 1991b. Distribution of silicon in cucumber leaves during infection by powdery mildew fungus (Sphaerotheca fuliginea). Canadian Journal of Botany, 69:140- 146.

Savant, N., Snyder, G. and Datnoff, L. 1997. Silicon management and sustainable rice Advances in Agronomy, 58: 151- 199.

Savvas, D., Manos, G., Kotsiras, A. and Souvaliotis, S. 2002. Effects of silicon and nutrient- induced salinity on yield, flower quality and nutrient uptake of gerbera grown in a closed hydroponic system. Journal of Applied Botany, 76: 153- 158.

Sivanesan, I., Son, M. S., Song, J. Y. and Jeong, B. R. 2013. Silicon supply through the sub irrigation system affects growth of three chrysanthemum cultivars. Horticulture, EnvironmentandBiotechnology, 54(1): 14- 19.

Snyder, G. H., Matichenkov, V. V. and Datnoff, L. E. 2007. Silicone. In: Handbook of plant nutrition (Eds: Barker, A. V. and Pilbean, D. J.), CRC Taylor and Francis, New York, USA, pp: 551- 568.