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Open Access Article
1 - Identifying the impact of fit and future growth stages of the team with the level of technology on the success of knowledge-based and technology-based companies in Iran
kamal sakhdariEntrepreneurship in the field of knowledge has many problems due to rapid changes and environmental uncertainty; But these companies are the drivers and without their effective presence, significant successes in knowledge, economy and employment can not be achieved. The MoreEntrepreneurship in the field of knowledge has many problems due to rapid changes and environmental uncertainty; But these companies are the drivers and without their effective presence, significant successes in knowledge, economy and employment can not be achieved. The composition and characteristics of the team and its relevance to the stage of work in which they are and expect to reach in the future, are among the most important components of the success of these companies. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact and appropriateness of characteristics and team composition on the future success and growth of knowledge-based and technology companies in different stages of business. Findings of this research are of applied type; In terms of data collection, it was the quality-data of the foundation, the data of which were collected and analyzed from semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 21 entrepreneurs in this field in Khorasan Razavi province. The results show that the composition and characteristics of the team and its relevance to the stage of work in which they are, are among the most important components of the success of these companies, so identifying team characteristics and the impact of team dynamics and using a dual power mechanism on The success of start-ups and technology companies is crucial. In this regard, the results showed that the more complex the idea and product of companies, the more diverse members are needed, the more cohesion and the fewer changes in the team; Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - A comparison between the power of artificial neural network models and dynamic neural network in predicting exchange rate: an application of wavelet transformation
Mohammad Ali Khatib Semnani Manijeh Hadinejad Roxana KhoshouieThe present study is an attempt in applying the combination of dynamic neural network and decomposition of wavelet in order to make possible the selection of an optimized pattern for predicting considered variable. For the purpose of research, monthly time series of exc MoreThe present study is an attempt in applying the combination of dynamic neural network and decomposition of wavelet in order to make possible the selection of an optimized pattern for predicting considered variable. For the purpose of research, monthly time series of exchange rate from April 1998 to December 2012 were used including 177 observations from which 150 observations were used for modeling purpose and 27 observations were used for simulation or in other words for presenting predictions out of samples. The findings of present study imply that firstly, dynamic neural network models compared to feed-forward multilayer neural networks have better performance in predicting exchange rate out of sample, based on both criteria for prediction error calculation: MSE & RMSE and secondly, applying wavelet decomposition technique improves prediction results of mentioned models based on both criteria. The third point is that among mentioned models, the best result belongs to predictions obtained from dynamic neural networks based on decomposed data by wavelet technique. Therefore, applying this combination of models as an optimized combination is suggested to monetary researchers, analysts and decision makers of country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigation of MHD instabilities in tokamak plasmas Using biorthogonal decomposition of Mirnov coil data
Habib Mehrniya Mohammad Kazem Salem Ahmad Salar Elahi -
Open Access Article
4 - Glass surface modification using Nd:YAG laser in SF6 atmospheres
H. R. Dehghanpour P. Parvin -
Open Access Article
5 - Impedance spectroscopy and conductivity studies of KCl-doped solid electrolyte
Suhail Iqbal Wani Rafiuddin Rafiuddin -
Open Access Article
6 - Designing ethic model with Consider to the tasks of public managers with Fuzzy Expert System Approach
davoud haghkhah مرتضی موسی خانی غلام رضا معمار زادهcontext: normative ethics-oriented in recent years has been of interest to management scholars. In this paper we identify moral dimensions of public administration schools hybrid model for the use of behavior public managers is provided .Objective: To explain the identi Morecontext: normative ethics-oriented in recent years has been of interest to management scholars. In this paper we identify moral dimensions of public administration schools hybrid model for the use of behavior public managers is provided .Objective: To explain the identification of the schools hybrid model ethics ethics in public organizations is in line with management tasks.Methods: This study has been conducted applied research and research combined. In order to determine the model of society of 10 academic experts and Successful organizational executive with cluster sampling of 130 top managers of Khorasan Razavi province were studied. Model interview questionnaire was used for preliminary recognition.Results: According to the findings of the study indicate that managers in public organizations according to four normative ethical dimension can their duties at a glance combined with a focus on task-oriented approach will be effective.Conclusion: This study shows that government managers Organizers of an optimum combination for use in organizations with a focus on virtue ethics in their organizations in Iran. In addition, by changing the composition of the ethical responsibilities of managers Managers are moral priorities change Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Identifying obstacles to the implementation of public policies in the Central Bank's Deputy Supervisor Group using the meta-combination method
Mohammad Ali Bayati saeed sayadi Ebrahim Givaki sanjar salajeghe amin nikpurObjective: In order to properly perform their duties to society, governments are required to implement policies that, if not implemented properly, could lead to a reduction in the level of welfare, backwardness of the country, and public dissatisfaction .The purpose of MoreObjective: In order to properly perform their duties to society, governments are required to implement policies that, if not implemented properly, could lead to a reduction in the level of welfare, backwardness of the country, and public dissatisfaction .The purpose of this study is to identify the implementation of public policy in the Central Bank Deputy Supervisor using the meta-combination identification method.Research Method: Since reviewing and summarizing the findings of previous studies is an important step in drawing a comprehensive picture of them, their meta-combination has been considered. In the first step, by comprehensive search of sources, 150 sources were obtained, from which in a 3-stage refinement, 35 articles very related to the qualitative research method were selected. Concepts were extracted from the articles and by re-reading the concepts, the categories were extracted.Findings: Data analysis eventually led to the enumeration of 8 dimensions and 59 categories and the formation of a theoretical model.Results: The results show that policy barriers, implementation barriers, support and financial barriers, implementation barriers, managerial barriers, environmental barriers, structural and organizational barriers and regulatory barriers are among the barriers affecting the implementation of public policies in Deputy Supervisor of the Central Bank Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Presenting a Conceptual Model with an Emphasis on Effective Components in the Identity of Urban Facades based on Metacomposition Method*
Asma Barzegar Mojtaba Noorollahi Mohamadbagher ArayeshEvery day, we face architectural designs in buildings, especially in their facades, which are done without considering various factors. The facade plays the most significant role in daily life and can be regarded as one of the most important issue. The components of bui MoreEvery day, we face architectural designs in buildings, especially in their facades, which are done without considering various factors. The facade plays the most significant role in daily life and can be regarded as one of the most important issue. The components of buildings in urban spaces are said to have a heavy duty in giving identity or reflecting the essence of every society. There is no doubt about the anonymity of today's facades and to they give identity to architecture and urban planning. Spaces, first of all, efforts should be made to improve the quality of their views. The facade of the buildings creates a common visual field with all the people of the city, which the people of the municipality observe every day. Moreover, if this ordinary square has a correct and balanced composition, it will have many effects on the members of the city. The facade does not have a special place in the Iranian contemporary architectural culture, it changes into different shapes and images. That employer users, designers and municipality rules created it. The subject of urban appearance, the dominant face of the city and containing the first messages in the vision of citizens, has been the topic of urban planning discussion, especially since the last half century AD. Due to its close relationship with the category of identity and characteristics of the city, its recognition is complicated, and with the beginning of the modern era and the application of unconventional management based on urban planning law, it gained wide dimensions. A society designed and implemented apart from its culture, tradition and identity is a prelude to its destruction. In our cities, there is no common language between views. They need a familiar culture to express themselves. They use different materials and follow different styles. Every facade in the city is a sign of the economic and social status of the builder and his way of thinking and attitude towards various issues. The dimensions and identity criteria of urban facades are not stated. Therefore, the general goal of the current research is to explain the framework of the components affecting the identity of urban facades. The purpose of this research is to explain the framework for expressing the effective components of the identity of urban facades. This research is applied, and in terms of data collection, it is considered to be a meta-synthesis type of document. In order to identify the pattern of the practical components of the identity of urban views, a number of 179 articles were examined, from which 58 articles were selected for the final analysis with the help of the critical evaluation skills program. In this research, first, 123 indicators representing the identity of urban facades were identified and classified into seven concepts and one category. Based on these research findings, dimensions, components, criteria and factors of ideas, spatial identity, identity, urban identity, urban landscape, urban landscape, architectural landscape and facade are expressed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Marital Status and Crowding Intensity (The Case of Multifamily Apartments in Lagos, Nigeria)
Anthony Iweka -
Open Access Article
10 - The validity of a bioelectrical impedance analyzer, Xiaomi MI scale 2, for measurement of body composition
Yasaman Alidadi Melika Metanati Asal Ataie-Jafari -
Open Access Article
11 - Essential norm estimates of generalized weighted composition operators into weighted type spaces
A. H. Sanatpour M. HassanlouWeighted composition operators appear in the study of dynamical systems and also in characterizing isometries of some classes of Banach spaces. One of the most important generalizations of weighted composition operators, are generalized weighted composition operators wh MoreWeighted composition operators appear in the study of dynamical systems and also in characterizing isometries of some classes of Banach spaces. One of the most important generalizations of weighted composition operators, are generalized weighted composition operators which in special cases of their inducing functions give different types of well-known operators like: weighted composition operators, composition operators, multiplication operators and composition operators followed by differentiation operators. In this paper we study generalized weighted composition operators and give estimates for the essential norm of such operators on certain Banach spaces of analytic functions into weighted type spaces. The underlying Banach spaces of analytic functions include Bloch spaces, Zygmund spaces and weighted type spaces. Our estimates for the essential norms of generalized weighted composition operators imply necessary and sufficient conditions for the compactness of such operators. As another application of our results, we obtain essential norm estimates of certain well-known operators which are special cases of generalized weighted composition operators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Sustainable closed-loop supply chain network design and operations planning considering human resource employment and training
R. Vakili Motie رضا Tavakkoli-Moghaddam A. Bozorgi-Amiri F. JolaiModeling and optimal solving of supply chain management problems lead to efficient decision making in strategic planning and supply chain operations, resulting in a competitive advantage. Today, with the planning of a sustainable supply chain, in addition to achieving e MoreModeling and optimal solving of supply chain management problems lead to efficient decision making in strategic planning and supply chain operations, resulting in a competitive advantage. Today, with the planning of a sustainable supply chain, in addition to achieving economic goals, it is possible to meet social and environmental objectives and considerations. This research deal with sustainable closed-loop supply chain network design and operations planning problem in which is human resource employment and training are considered. First, a three-objective optimization model is developed in which the supply chain network is designed and strategic variables (such as location and capacity determination, technology selection, skilled or semi-skilled employment and training, and etc.) are obtained. Then, a multi-period model is proposed supply chain operations planning in which the amount of production, inventory, shortage, temporary recruitment of manpower, etc. in each period are determined. In the proposed strategic model, a trade-off between the objectives of minimizing the cost of the supply chain (economic), maximizing employment (social), and minimizing environmental impacts is done by augmented epsilon constraint method. Also, Benders decomposition algorithm is used to solve large-scaled instances. In the final section of the research, some numerical studies are presented to provide numerical results, managerial insights and evaluating the performance of the proposed model and solution approaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Tarski Number and Configuration Equations
A. YousofzadehThe concept of configuration of groups which is defined in terms of finite partitions and finite strings of elements of the group is presented by Rosenblatt and Willis. To each set of configurations, a finite system of equations known as configuration equations, is asso MoreThe concept of configuration of groups which is defined in terms of finite partitions and finite strings of elements of the group is presented by Rosenblatt and Willis. To each set of configurations, a finite system of equations known as configuration equations, is associated. Rosenblatt and Willis proved that a discrete group G is amenable if and only if every possible instance of its configuration equations admits a normalized solution. In this paper we compare the existence of such solutions for different systems. We prove that if a system of configuration equations has no normalized solution, then every system related to a refinement of the initial partition, has no normalized solution, as well. The Tarski number of a non-amenable group is the smallest number of the pieces of its paradoxical decompositions. In the present paper we also provide a relation between the Tarski numbers of the subgroups of two configuration equivalent groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - New Bases for Polynomial-Based Spaces
مریم محمدی مریم بحرکاظمیSince it is well-known that the Vandermonde matrix is ill-conditioned, while the interpolation itself is not unstable in function space, this paper surveys the choices of other new bases. These bases are data-dependent and are categorized into discretely l2-orthonormal MoreSince it is well-known that the Vandermonde matrix is ill-conditioned, while the interpolation itself is not unstable in function space, this paper surveys the choices of other new bases. These bases are data-dependent and are categorized into discretely l2-orthonormal and continuously L2-orthonormal bases. The first one construct a unitary Gramian matrix in the space l2(X) while the later construct a unitary Gramian matrix in the space L2[-1,1]. The first one is defined via a factorization of Vandermonde matrix while the latter is given by a factorization of the Gramian matrix corresponding to monomial bases. A discussion of various matrix factorization (e.g. Cholesky, QR, SVD) provides a variety of different bases with different properties. Numerical results show that matrices of values of the new bases have smaller condition number rather that the common monomial bases. It can also be pointed out that the new introduced bases are good candidates for interpolation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - A MULTI-NORM STRUCTURE ON THE FOURIER AND FOURIER STIELTJES ALGEBRAS
Marzieh Shams YousefiIn this paper, we introduce the decomposition property onlocally compact groups and we give a multi-norm structure based on the Fourier andFourier-Stieltjes algebras on locally compact groups with this property. We show that compact groups have the decomposition propert MoreIn this paper, we introduce the decomposition property onlocally compact groups and we give a multi-norm structure based on the Fourier andFourier-Stieltjes algebras on locally compact groups with this property. We show that compact groups have the decomposition property. This construction generalizesthe known multi-norm structure of L1-algebras on compact abeliangroups. Also, we study some special multi-bounded maps on the Fourier algebrasand improve some results in this theory.*********************to avoid the web error I repeat the abstract*******************In this paper, we introduce the decomposition property onlocally compact groups and we give a multi-norm structure based on the Fourier andFourier-Stieltjes algebras on locally compact groups with this property. We show that compact groups have the decomposition property. This construction generalizesthe known multi-norm structure of L1-algebras on compact abeliangroups. Also, we study some special multi-bounded maps on the Fourier algebrasand improve some results in this theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Bi-objective mathematical modeling for a green last-mile transportation network with an automated parcel locker
Amir-Hossein Zahedi-Anaraki Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam Ramin SadeghianThe purpose of this paper is to introduce a more integrated and specialized approach to address the challenging issues known as the "Last-Mile Transportation" and to provide a conceptual-mathematical framework for making a synergy and integration between theoretical con MoreThe purpose of this paper is to introduce a more integrated and specialized approach to address the challenging issues known as the "Last-Mile Transportation" and to provide a conceptual-mathematical framework for making a synergy and integration between theoretical concepts and classic urban logistics optimization issues. This is a two-echelon routing-location network consisting of an urban distributor (or warehouse), customers and potential locations to install two types of facilities (automated parcel locker and micro-distributor). After ordering based on their desirability, customers are able to receive their product at the door or at 24-hour parcel locker. A modified Bender decomposition algorithm is used to solve the proposed model, which is amplified by the strategy of rounding of master problem’s variables and local search. To prove the efficiency, we compared the properties obtained from the proposed algorithm with the results obtained from the epsilon-constraint method in the Python software environment, the CPLEX library and ILOG CPLEX Optimization Studio and the results confirms the absolute dominance of this method in large-sized instances. The results of the sensitivity analysis of the role of automated parcel lockers on the network’s cost and produced pollution indicate the efficiency and validity of the proposed model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Some properties of sums of weighted composition operators on the Fock space
Mahsa Fatehi Asma NegahdariLet H be a Hilbert space. For each f∈H, we define a multiplication operator M_φ by M_φ (f)=φf. Let φ be an entire function. For each f belongs to the Fock space F^2, the composition operator C_φ is defined by C_φ (f)=f∘φ. For entire func MoreLet H be a Hilbert space. For each f∈H, we define a multiplication operator M_φ by M_φ (f)=φf. Let φ be an entire function. For each f belongs to the Fock space F^2, the composition operator C_φ is defined by C_φ (f)=f∘φ. For entire functions ψ, φ and f∈F^2, the weighted composition operator C_(ψ,φ) on F^2 are given by C_(ψ,φ) (f)=ψ.(f∘φ). Let T be a bounded operator on H, the set W(T)={⟨Tf,f⟩:‖f‖=1} is called the numerical range of T. In this paper, we find the point spectrum of some operators C_(ψ_1,φ_1 )+C_(ψ_2,φ_2 ), when φ_1 and φ_2 have the some fixed point. Moreover, we obtain an invariant subspace for the operator (C_(ψ_1,φ_1 )+C_(ψ_2,φ_2 ) )^*. Then by these results, for compact operators C_(ψ_1,φ_1 ) and C_(ψ_2,φ_2 ), we find the spectrum of C_(ψ_1,φ_1 )+C_(ψ_2,φ_2 ). Then for φ_1 and φ_2 which have the some fixed point, we investigate the numerical range of C_(ψ_1,φ_1 )+C_(ψ_2,φ_2 ). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Mean Ergodic Weighted Composition Operator 𝝀𝑪𝝋 on Bloch Space
Fakhreddin falahat Zahra KamaliInvestigating the mean ergodicity of composition operators on various Banach Spaces has always been of interest to mathematicians and many authors studied this topics intensively, in many different spaces, such as, the space of all holomorphic functions on unit disk, Ha MoreInvestigating the mean ergodicity of composition operators on various Banach Spaces has always been of interest to mathematicians and many authors studied this topics intensively, in many different spaces, such as, the space of all holomorphic functions on unit disk, Hardy space and Bloch space. In this paper, for a self map of the unit disk, φ and λ∈ℂ, we consider weighted composition operator, (λ𝐶φ)𝑓=λ𝑓𝑜φ , for every 𝑓 in Bloch space and Little Bloch space and inquiry the conditions under which the weighted composition operator 𝜆𝐶𝜑, is mean ergodic or uniformly mean ergodic on the Bloch and Little Bloch Space. In fact, we will show, if |λ|>1,𝜆𝐶𝜑, cannot be power bounded, mean ergodic or uniformly mean ergodic, in contrast, if |λ|<1, 𝜆𝐶𝜑, is always power bounded, mean ergodic or uniformly mean ergodic. In the case, |λ|=1, we will see that it depends directly to the Denjoy-Wolff point of 𝜑. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Spectrum and essential spectrum of linear combinations of composition operators on the Hardy space H2
M. Haji Shaabani M. Fatehi M. Farzi HaromiLet -----. For an analytic self-map --- of --- , Let --- be the composition operator with composite map --- so that ----. Let --- be a bounded analytic function on --- . The weighted composition operator --- is defined by --- . Suppose that --- is the Hardy space, consi MoreLet -----. For an analytic self-map --- of --- , Let --- be the composition operator with composite map --- so that ----. Let --- be a bounded analytic function on --- . The weighted composition operator --- is defined by --- . Suppose that --- is the Hardy space, consisting of all analytic functions defined on --- , whose Maclaurin cofficients are square summable. ..... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A Heuristic Method on Extended Two-Stage Network Structures
R. Ahmadzadeh S. Kordrostami A.r. AmirteimooriData Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as a non–parametric method is used to measure relative performance of organizational units. The aim of this paper is to develop a new model to evaluate the efficiency of a general two-stage network structures proposed by Li et al. ( MoreData Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as a non–parametric method is used to measure relative performance of organizational units. The aim of this paper is to develop a new model to evaluate the efficiency of a general two-stage network structures proposed by Li et al. (2012) for measuring the performance of Decision Making Units (DMUs). In addition, this paper expands the work of Li et al. (2012) and improves the heuristic search procedure to estimate the optimal solutions of non-linear centralized models. In order to evaluate the proposed model of this study, it has been applied to a case of regional Research and Development (R&D) system related to 30 provincial level regions in China. The experimental results compared with method developed by Li et al. (2012) show that the proposed method is efficient and has much lower computational complexity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Properties of eigenvalue function
H. Alizadeh NazarkandiFor the eigenvalue function on symmetric matrices, we have gathered a number of it’s properties.We show that this map has the properties of continuity, strict continuity, directional differentiability, Frechet differentiability, continuous differentiability. Eigen MoreFor the eigenvalue function on symmetric matrices, we have gathered a number of it’s properties.We show that this map has the properties of continuity, strict continuity, directional differentiability, Frechet differentiability, continuous differentiability. Eigenvalue function will be extended to a larger set of matrices and then the listed properties will prove again. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Finding the polar decomposition of a matrix by an efficient iterative method
F. KiyoumarsiTheobjective in this paper to study and present a new iterative method possessing high convergence order for calculating the polar decompostion of a matrix. To do this, it is shown that the new scheme is convergent and has high convergence. The analytical results are up MoreTheobjective in this paper to study and present a new iterative method possessing high convergence order for calculating the polar decompostion of a matrix. To do this, it is shown that the new scheme is convergent and has high convergence. The analytical results are upheld via numerical simulations and comparisons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Analyzing the systemic risk of banking industry by using EMD and GRA based on the dynamic complex network approach.
ali NAMAKI Hadis KhaliliNowadays, the complexity and entanglement of financial markets are under the influence of various variables and problems which classical financial sciences are generally unable to solve. This has motivated new approaches in financial sciences like dynamic complex netwo MoreNowadays, the complexity and entanglement of financial markets are under the influence of various variables and problems which classical financial sciences are generally unable to solve. This has motivated new approaches in financial sciences like dynamic complex networks. The current research has used the dynamic complex network approach, empirical mode decomposition, and grey relational analysis to investigate the systemic risk of Iran's capital market banks from the beginning of 2015 to the march 2021. For this purpose, first, by building a sliding window, it has calculated the correlation coefficient of stock and then the index of the complex network. Using the results of empirical mode decomposition and grey relational analysis through Engel - Granger causality statistical test,, showed a close and long-term relationship between stock market fluctuations and systemic risk. Any momentum is of a higher speed and intensity of propagation due to the bank-oriented nature of the country's economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Investigating the mechanism of systemic liquidity risk transmission of corporate stocks in capital market of Iran
Seyed Hamid Reza Sadat Shekarab Fraydoon Ohadi صیقلی seighaly Mirfaze Fallah ShamsThis research aims to investigate the mechanism of systemic liquidity risk transmission of corporate stocks in capital market of Iran. For this purpose, 486 listed companies in Tehran stock exchange and OTC from 2011 to 2022 were sampled and the companies were divided MoreThis research aims to investigate the mechanism of systemic liquidity risk transmission of corporate stocks in capital market of Iran. For this purpose, 486 listed companies in Tehran stock exchange and OTC from 2011 to 2022 were sampled and the companies were divided into ten deciles according to the Amihud illiquidity ratio, Then by using “Diebold & Yilmaz” approach which is based on forcast error variance decomposition in the framework of the generalized VAR model, spillover mechanism and systemic liquidity risk transmission among the formed decimals was investigatd.The preliminary results indicated the existence of spillover effect and systemic liquidity risk among all deciles, with difference intensity and weakness. In such a way that the fifth decile had the highest net transmission of liquidity risk spillover effects to other deciles, and the seventh & third deciles, respectively had the highest net effects of received spillover from other deciles. The general results of the total spillover index (TSI) indicated that risk transmission processes, change and increase after the occurrence of shocks and financial crises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Investigation of relation between the currency rates of volatility on open position of Tejarat bank
H. EbrahimiThis research, Investigate the relation between the currency rates ofvolatility on open position Tejarat bank and its effects of the impulsesfrom the exchange rate volatility and other variables on open position. Inorder to do this , we have utilized open position items MoreThis research, Investigate the relation between the currency rates ofvolatility on open position Tejarat bank and its effects of the impulsesfrom the exchange rate volatility and other variables on open position. Inorder to do this , we have utilized open position items, reference rates ofCentral bank , Stock price index , Money supply and Balance ofcountry’s monthly payments over a six-year period from 1381 to1386.Foreign exchange position as it’s name signifies , shows the state ofbeing long or short in position. In other words, the differential of theassets and the liabilities of the bank in one foreign exchange is calledforeign exchange position.For this purpose, the new econometric procedures have been used.Vector Auto Regressive model has been used for variables which are inthe augmented level (Japan’s Yen and Swiss Frank) and Vector ErrorCorrection Model has been used for variables which became augmentedby a differential.(based on Dollar , Euro , Pound , and sum of foreigncurrencies).In the meantime , as per the standard pattern of SchwarzBayesian ,Akaike , and Hannan Quinn , Quantity 2 has been selected asthe optimum degree for VAR.Surveys in this research show that the reaction of open position offoreign currency against the impulse from the currency rate varianceinfluence the value of the foreign currency assets and the liabilities of thebank , and make the bank confront with the considerable risk in the valueof the foreign currency assets and liabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Long memory investigation and application of wavelet decomposition to improve the performance of stock market volatility forecasting
شمس اله شیرین بخش اسماعیل نادری نادیا گندلی علیخانیBecause of very large frequency and volatility in Financial markets Indicators, acertain type of non stationary is created that it refers to the fraction non stationary. Thiscauses, provides Long memory in this type of time series. Hence, this study has inaddition to ex MoreBecause of very large frequency and volatility in Financial markets Indicators, acertain type of non stationary is created that it refers to the fraction non stationary. Thiscauses, provides Long memory in this type of time series. Hence, this study has inaddition to examine the existence of the long memory in both mean and varianceequations in the return series of Tehran stock exchange, Pays to forecasting the volatilityof this index. For this purpose, the daily data from fifth Farvardin 1388 to eighteenthOrdibehesht 1391 is used. Our results confirm the existence of Long Memory in bothmean and variance equations. However, among others, based on the information criteriaand MSE, ARFIMA (1,2)-FIGARCH(BBM) model has been selected as the bestspecification to model and forecast the volatility of Tehran stock exchange’s return. Aswell, in order to Forecasting the volatility of this series, was used Combination of theabove model with Level and decomposed data. The results show that, according to theforecasting error criteria (MSE and RMSE), the result of model’s based on decomposeddata (with wavelet technique), more acceptable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Comparative study of impact of oil price and exchange rate volatility on stock price (case study Iran and selected countries
کامبیز پیکارجو تیمور محمدی موسی تاتارThe study examines impact of oil price and exchange rate volatility on stock price of Iran, Mexico, Canada, Norway, Chile, Australia, New Zealand and Swiss. In this study we used Multivariate VAR analysis and monthly data ranging: stock price, oil price and exchange ra MoreThe study examines impact of oil price and exchange rate volatility on stock price of Iran, Mexico, Canada, Norway, Chile, Australia, New Zealand and Swiss. In this study we used Multivariate VAR analysis and monthly data ranging: stock price, oil price and exchange rate over 2000 to 2010. The results of impulse response function show positive response of stock price to an oil price shock in all countries except Swiss. According to variance decomposition analysis in average approximately 67 percent of the variation of stock price explained by stock shocks and exchange rate and oil price contribute 30 and 3 percent respectively. The Granger causality test indicates that causation run from exchange rate and oil price to stock price in New Zealand and Swiss.. A negative response of stock price to an exchange rate shock and positive response of stock price to a generalized impulse shock in all countries except Swiss. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Analyzed changes in the energy intensity of Iran economic activity with the structural decomposition approach
مریم رشیدی زاده اسفندیار جهانگردConsidering the energy consumption saving in Iran, detecting the effective factors on energy intensity changes in Iran’s economy is crucial. The main goal of this study to break into parts the energy intensity change with the approach of SDA (structural data analy MoreConsidering the energy consumption saving in Iran, detecting the effective factors on energy intensity changes in Iran’s economy is crucial. The main goal of this study to break into parts the energy intensity change with the approach of SDA (structural data analysis) method in economic activities in Iran. The energy intensity divided into five factors including energy consumption coefficient, technology coefficient, final demand structure, final demand level, and final energy consumption coefficient. Energy consumption coefficient indicates the intensity changes and final demand structure shows the structural changes. Structural decomposition in each section is defining the share of each sub sections in total production. For this purpose the input-output data generated by Iran census organization for the period 1365-1380 is used. Results showed that from all five factors mentioned above energy consumption coefficient has the most contribution in the energy intensity changes. Also, in more industries, intensity is more effective than structure, and in most cases the intensity’s effect is increasing the energy intensity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Role of Board of Director Composition as a Corporate Governance Index in Iranian Firm Performance
Bita Mashayekhi Behnam Tootakhan BonabThis research investigates the role of some corporate governance indices on firmperformance in Iranian Firm. In this paper, we use board independence and boardleadership as corporate governance indices and ROA, ROE, and EPS as firmperformance surrogates. Data from Tehra MoreThis research investigates the role of some corporate governance indices on firmperformance in Iranian Firm. In this paper, we use board independence and boardleadership as corporate governance indices and ROA, ROE, and EPS as firmperformance surrogates. Data from Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) companies for the2002-2006 financial years were used to test this hypothesis. We find no relationbetween leadership structure and Iranian firms’ performance. Likewise, boardindependence does not promote Iranian firms’ performance. Besides, both leadershipstructure and board independence together do not impact the performance of Iranianfirms. Our examinations show the duality problem in 76 percent of sample firms.And, about 60 percent of directors on the board are non-executive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The presentation of the impact assessment pattern of Corporate Governance mechanisms on the Earnings Management in Tehran Stock Exchange
فریدون رهنمای رودپشتی فرشاد هیبتی قدرت اله طالب نیا سیدعلی نبوی چاشمیThe role of corporate governance is to reduce the divergence of interests betweenshareholders and managers. The role of corporate governance is more useful whenmanagers have an incentive to deviate from shareholders’ interests. One example ofmanagement’s dev MoreThe role of corporate governance is to reduce the divergence of interests betweenshareholders and managers. The role of corporate governance is more useful whenmanagers have an incentive to deviate from shareholders’ interests. One example ofmanagement’s deviation from shareholders’ interests is the management of earningsthrough the use of accounting accruals. Corporate governance is likely to reduce theincidence of earnings management. Corporate governance is also likely to improveinvestors’ perception of the reliability of a firm’s performance, as measured by theearnings, in situations of earnings management. Prior studies show different results ofthe association between corporate governance mechanisms and earnings management.The primary objective of this dissertation is to examine the association betweencorporate governance internal mechanisms (ownership concentration, boardindependence, CEO dominance and board size) and external mechanism (institutionalshareholders) and earnings management. Firm size and leverage are control variables.The population used in this study comprises firms listed on the Tehran StockExchange (TSE) between 2004 and 2008, the sample comprises 196 firms. Panel Datamethod is employed as technique to estimate the model. Also, hypotheses examinedin different industries. I find that firms with higher ownership concentration and boardindependence manage earnings less, while firms with higher institutional holdingsmanage earnings more, but No evidence of significant association was found betweenthe existence of CEO-Chairman duality and earnings management. This study alsofound a positive significant association between firm size and leverage and earningsmanagement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Evaluation of Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition in Seeds of Different Genotypes of Safflower
M. Vosoughkia L. Hossainchi Ghareaghag M. Ghavami M. Gharachorloo B. Delkhosh -
Open Access Article
32 - Investigating the Relationship between Knowledge Management Dimensions with Organizational Learning among Employees of Khorasan Razavi Governor's Office
morteza DEHGHANI Mohammad GhorbaniIntroduction and Purpose of the Research The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the dimensions of knowledge management and organizational learning among employees of Khorasan Razavi Governor's Office. In this regard, identifying the dimension MoreIntroduction and Purpose of the Research The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the dimensions of knowledge management and organizational learning among employees of Khorasan Razavi Governor's Office. In this regard, identifying the dimensions of KM and its relationship with the levels of organizational learning is important. In this study, this issue has been investigated in a large organization such as Khorasan Razavi Governorate as a knowledge-based organization rather than a production-oriented organization. This research focuses on it answers the basic question of whether there is a relationship between knowledge management and organizational learning in Khorasan Razavi Governorate. Methods: This descriptive - analytic research is a correlation type. The statistical population of this research is the official staff of the Governor General of Khorasan Razavi, with 303 people. The total sample size using the Cochran formula is equal to 0.59% for 169 people. The Knowledge Management and Tacchi questionnaires were used to collect data in KM. Also, to determine the reliability and validity of the research, using the standard questionnaire, we obtained Cranbach's alpha of 0.94 for all questions. To analyze the collected data, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple step gradient, multivariate analysis of variance, Shafeh test and structural equation modeling were used. Results: showed that there is a significant positive correlation between knowledge management dimensions and organizational learning. All assumptions about the dimensions of knowledge management (socialization - extermination - combination and internalization) and its relationship with organizational learning are confirmed. Conclusions: The conclusion about knowledge management and organizational learning is that these two approaches are involved in increasing intellectual capital, human capacity and capabilities for effective and complementary actions, and provide both the potential and necessary capabilities to achieve high levels of effectiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Evaluation of groundwater quality of Rokh plain (Torbat-e Heydariyeh) using geostatistic methods
حمید رضا NASERIRokh is a large plain which is located at north east of central desert of Iran. Its climate is semi-arid to arid. Inefficient management, irregular exploitation from underground resources, decreasing of raining which is resulted in decreasing water resources, are consid MoreRokh is a large plain which is located at north east of central desert of Iran. Its climate is semi-arid to arid. Inefficient management, irregular exploitation from underground resources, decreasing of raining which is resulted in decreasing water resources, are considered of concern factors from the viewpoint of quality changes in aquifer of Rokh plain. Using quality data and multi-variant statistical methods (Factor Analysis & Cluster Analysis) quality situation of Rokh plain was analyzed. Concerning the result of factor Analysis, three factors as the most effective factors control 87% of chemical composition of ground water. Geology is the most important factor in quality changes of groundwater in area. Cluster Analysis of variants shows a great similarity in the amount of sodium and chloride ions. In Cluster Analysis of area quality data, Javadyeh area data is always located in different Cluster and has less similarity with other resources, concerning chemical composition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Decomposition of efficiency in a network
Bijan Rahmani Parchikolaei -
Open Access Article
35 - Evaluation of Some Physicochemical, Rheological and Textural Properties of White-Brined Cheese (Golpayegan cheese) During Ripening
ghazaleh farahani hamid ezatpanah soleiman abbasiIntroduction: Cheese has a complex structure with differences within the same variety that depends on the compositional factors and the changes occurring during ripening. Whitebrined cheese, its production and some physical, chemical, rheological and textural properties MoreIntroduction: Cheese has a complex structure with differences within the same variety that depends on the compositional factors and the changes occurring during ripening. Whitebrined cheese, its production and some physical, chemical, rheological and textural properties were evaluated during six months ripening in this research study. Materials and Methods: Standard methods were used to examine the influence of ripening period (at the end of each month during six months) on the characteristics of White-brined Golpayegan cheese (36 samples). The rheological and textural properties of the cheese were evaluated using a rheometer (the frequency sweep test) and a texture analyzer (the uniaxial compression test). Results: During ripening pH, total solid, protein and total nitrogen in total solid (TN/TS) of White-brined cheese were decreased while the amount of titratable acidity, fat in total solid,water soluble nitrogen in total nitrogen (WSN/TN) and non-protein nitrogen in total nitrogen (NPN/TN) were increased significantly (p< 0.05). On the basis of the small amplitude oscillatory test and the uniaxial compression test during maturation, the storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G"), fracture stress (Qf) and firmness have been increased (p< 0.05) while the loss tangent (tanR) has been decreased (p< 0.05). The fracture strain (Sf) was kept constant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that ripening time significantly affected the physicochemical, chemical, reological and textural properties of White-brined cheese. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation on Body Composition, Leptin and Muscle Strength of Non-Athletic Men
Kh. Moonikh M. Kashef A. AzadIntroduction: The supplementation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in animal studies has shown to increase the lean body mass and reduces the fat mass. Few studies have been investigating the effects of CLA supplementation in human. The aim of this study is to examine the ef MoreIntroduction: The supplementation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in animal studies has shown to increase the lean body mass and reduces the fat mass. Few studies have been investigating the effects of CLA supplementation in human. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid supplementation on body composition, serum leptin and muscle strength in non-athletic men. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental, double-blind study, 24 non-athletic men were randomly assigned to two groups; the supplement (12) and placebo (n=12) groups. The supplement group took 3 gr CLA/d and the control group or placebo group received the same amount of nutrients as the supplement group but without the addition of CLA. Blood samples were taken before and after the intervention in order to determine the levels of leptin. Body fat mass, lean body mass percent and muscular strength were also measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 19 using independent and paired-samples T-test. Results: There were not significant differences in serum leptin levels between the groups examined. In addition, significant differences were not observed in muscle strength, fat and lean body mass percents. Conclusion: 6 weeks of supplementation with conjugated Linoleic Acid did not improve the body composition, serum leptin levels and muscle strength in non-athletic men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Brown Alga Cystoseria.Sp and Evaluation of Physicochemichal and Sensory Properties of Its Enriched Edible Jelly
M. Mohammadi GH. Mohebbi M. Bolourian A. Barmak E. EhsandoostIntroduction: Alga Cystoseria is a brown macroalga belonging to the Phaeophyta family. This alga with irregular branches is found in tropical, sub-tropical waters near rocks and wetlands. The aim of the study was to identify the bioactive compounds of Cystoseria brown a MoreIntroduction: Alga Cystoseria is a brown macroalga belonging to the Phaeophyta family. This alga with irregular branches is found in tropical, sub-tropical waters near rocks and wetlands. The aim of the study was to identify the bioactive compounds of Cystoseria brown algae extract and to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory properties of the edible jelly fortified with algae. Materials and Methods: The chemical compositions of the Cystoseria alga extract were detected by the GC-MS method, and the extracts were added to the jelly formulation at concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 mg, then the effects on sensory properties and synereses were studied. Sensory evaluations of oral jelly were carried out by ten evaluators and using a five-point hedonic test to examine the color, taste, texture and general acceptance of the prepared jelly. Results: The GC-MS analysis identified twelve biologically active compounds effective in food and drugs. The study indicated that the color score increased with the addition of algae extract. According to the results of acceptability, adding 50 mg of the extract to the jelly had the most effects on color, taste and texture factors. The syneresis reduction in treatments was an indication of high water content within the jelly, resulting in improving the appearance of edible jelly. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the addition of 50 mg of Cystoseria alga extract can be as criteria for the selection of the best formulation that can be used for its high nutritional value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Chemical Evaluation of Oil Extracted from Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.)
Y. Imani Motlagh M. GharachorlooIntroduction: Oils and fats play important roles in human nutrition. Due to its special and important compounds, chia oil might be employed in food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the chemical properties of the oil extracted MoreIntroduction: Oils and fats play important roles in human nutrition. Due to its special and important compounds, chia oil might be employed in food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the chemical properties of the oil extracted from chia seed. Materials and Methods: Three different varieties of chia seeds were obtained from local market and subjected to cold solvent extraction. The extracted oils were subjected to a series of chemical tests consisting of the determination of fatty acids composition, iodine and saponification values, identification and quantification of fractions present in the nonsaponifiable matter and measurement of phosphorus and phospholipid concentration. Results: The results indicated that the seeds contained approximately 31-34% oil. Linolenic acid was the predominant fatty acid present (66%) followed by linoleic, palmitic, oleic and stearic acids in respective decreasing order. Beta-sitosterol and gama-tochopherol were the predominant sterol and tochopherol present. Conclusion: Chia seed has become increasingly important for human health and nutrition because of its high content of -linolenic acid. Although the oil might be susceptible to oxidative rancidity due to high content to linolenic acid, however it might be employed in food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Relationship between Body Composition and Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
Mandana Gholami Neda Ghassembaglou Hojatollah Nik Bakht Fariba EslamianIntroduction: Osteoporosis is a skeletal system disease that is characterized by the low bone mass. The major consequence of this disease is bone fractures that occur more in weightbearing areas such as vertebrae, femur and even non weight-bearing joints such as wrist. MoreIntroduction: Osteoporosis is a skeletal system disease that is characterized by the low bone mass. The major consequence of this disease is bone fractures that occur more in weightbearing areas such as vertebrae, femur and even non weight-bearing joints such as wrist. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship of body composition and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 50 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, aged between 45 and 65 years who were recruited from Sina hospital in Tabriz. Body mass, fat mass, lean body mass, and bone mineral density at the spine and femoral neck were measured. Skinfold thickness was determined by caliper. Bone mineral density was measured by DEXA at the spine and femoral neck. Association between parameters of body composition and bone mineral density analyzed using a multiple regression analysis.Results: The body composition parameters indicated that only lean body mass had a significant relationship with osteoporosis in the femoral neck (R2 =0.271, P<0.05) and in the lumbar spine (R2=0.088, P<0.05).Conclusion: Our data indicated that from the body composition parameters, lean body mass is a powerful predictor of osteoporosis. Using this model, females at risk of osteoporosis can be identified; therefore early prevention and treatment are possible. This can also prevent unnecessary expenses of diagnostic procedures for people without the risks of osteoporosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Evaluation of the Effect of Refining Operations on Olive Oil Sterols in Iranian Oil Industry
M. Azadeh Ranjbar A. GhavamiIntroduction: Olive oil due to the unique characteristics being monounsaturated, resistant to oxidation, having considerable quantities of phenolic compounds namely α-tocopherol, being liquid at room temperature with excellent taste and aroma might be regarded as MoreIntroduction: Olive oil due to the unique characteristics being monounsaturated, resistant to oxidation, having considerable quantities of phenolic compounds namely α-tocopherol, being liquid at room temperature with excellent taste and aroma might be regarded as a healthy oil. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of refining operation on the sterol content of olive oil in Iran's oil industry. Materials and Methods: Samples were prepared before and after refining from three brands of olive oil production industries. Each sample was subjected to determination of iodine, saponification values and isolation of non saponifiable mater. The samples were also subjected to fatty acid and sterol analyses and compositions according to the standard methods defined nationally. Results: The results of this study indicated that small changes in fatty acid composition and values related to fatty acids have occurred. The study also indicated that the sterols have been affected by refining operations and has been lost and collected mainly in the distillate. Conclusion: The results of this study confirms that olive oil refining affects the quantities of sterols and these compounds with others namely tocopherols are collected in the distillate. Therefore distillate collected after deodorization of olive oil might be considered as a valuable fraction to be used in industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The Relations between Breakfast Consumption, Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in School Children
ماندانا Gholami لیلا Mohamadi AslIntroduction: The children who eat breakfast, have better cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF),and enhanced ability to learn as compared to others who do not follow this pathway. The aimof this study is to analyse the relations between the eating breakfast, body composition MoreIntroduction: The children who eat breakfast, have better cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF),and enhanced ability to learn as compared to others who do not follow this pathway. The aimof this study is to analyse the relations between the eating breakfast, body composition andCRF in school children.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out including 164 girls agedbetween 9 to 11 years. Body composition, CRF and Physical Activity level were assessedduring school time. Frequency of eating breakfast was assessed by a questionnaire andclassified as never, sometimes or always. Fitness was estimated from a 540 m test and theparticipants were classified as having low or high CRF. Body composition was evaluated andchildren were classified as obese or non-obese. PA was estimated from physical activityquestionnaire and the participants were classified as having low or high PA.Results: Frequency of eating breakfast showed that 18% of school children never hadbreakfast, 24% ate sometimes and 58% always ate breakfast. There was no significant relationbetween the frequency of breakfast and anthropometric characteristic. Breakfast consumptionwas not associated with physical activity (p=0.3) and with CRF (p=0.3).Conclusion: fitness level, body composition and PA are not associated with the frequency ofeating breakfast in schoolchildren. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Comparison of Muscle Fatty Acid Profile and Biochemical Composition in Kutum (Rutilus frisii) from the Caspian Sea in Winter and Spring in the Eastern and Western Mazandaran Province, Iran
M. Tirneitali M.K. Khalesi S. Kohestan EskandariIntroduction: Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii) is of great importance among consumers. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in the fatty acid profiles of fish caught in east of Sari and west of Noshahr. Materials and Methods: The studied fish (three fish fr MoreIntroduction: Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii) is of great importance among consumers. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in the fatty acid profiles of fish caught in east of Sari and west of Noshahr. Materials and Methods: The studied fish (three fish from each gender) were purchased in winter and spring from Sari Shahid Beheshti Cooperative and the Veterans Cooperative of Noshahr (east and west of Mazandaran province, respectively). Biochemical analysis and fatty acid profile were determined by the application of gas chromatography using standard methods. Results: Stearic acid, oleic acid, and DHA were the highest in Sari in winter being the significantly different from other fatty acids (p < 0.05). Total fatty acids in male and female fish from Noshahr and male fish from Sari were significantly lower in spring than in the others, and male and female fish from Nowshahr contained relatively higher total fatty acids in winter. Maximum DHA values were higher than EPA in both sexes, seasons, and regions. The chemical composition of male and female fish did not differ significantly in both seasons and regions (p > 0.05). SFA percentages in both sexes and regions were generally higher in winter than in spring, while PUFA percentages in both sexes and regions were higher in spring than in winter. The percentage of ω-3 fatty acids (41.12%) in winter samples of Noshahr was higher than that (30.91%) in Sari, and it was higher in spring samples of Sari (55.27%) than that of Noshahr (17.29%). The lowest total ratios of ω-3/ω-6 were obtained in Sari (3.12) in male fish in winter and in Noshahr (3.23) in spring. The highest PUFA/SFA ratios were observed in Sari (1.9) and Noshahr (0.74) kutum in spring and winter, respectively. Conclusion: Fish examined in winter contained more fatty acids (especially DHA and EPA) in the muscle and are therefore more important for human consumption. The two regions, two seasons, and two sexes had significant effects on body biochemical composition and fatty acid profile of Caspian Sea kutum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Evaluation and Comparison of Some Chemical Properties of Sesame Seed and Flaxseed
SH. Momeni بابک Ghiassi TarziIntroduction: Sesame seed and flaxseed are rich sources of the essential fatty acids and dueto their unique nutritional characteristics valuable research works have been carried out onthese oil seeds. In this study, some of the chemical characteristic of sesame and flax MoreIntroduction: Sesame seed and flaxseed are rich sources of the essential fatty acids and dueto their unique nutritional characteristics valuable research works have been carried out onthese oil seeds. In this study, some of the chemical characteristic of sesame and flaxseed areevaluated and compared to each other.Materials and Methods: Sesame and flaxseed were purchased randomly from Grand Bazaarof Tehran. The fat, fiber, protein and ash contents were determined by standard methods ofevaluation. The cold press hexane extracted oil was subjected to series of tests consisting offatty acid composition, Peroxide, acids, totax and anisidine values. The induction period, theoil resistance to oxidation was also measured.Results: This study indicated that the amounts of protein, fiber, ash and acid value in theflaxseed were significantly higher (P<0.01) while the amount of oil content, totox andanisidine values and resistant to oxidation were significantly lower in the flaxseed ascompared to the sesame seed. In respect of peroxide index, there was no difference betweenthe examined samples. The fatty acid analysis showed that linoleic acid (W6) and linolenicacid (W-3), were the predominant fatty acids in sesame seed and flaxseed oils respectively.Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that sesame seed and flaxseed are rich sourcesof essential fatty acids, proteins, fiber, minerals and other nutrients. Thus, the extracted oilsmight be considered valuable oil resources and might be employed in food formulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Evaluation of the Effect of Argan Kernel Roasting on Physicochemical Properties and Oxidative Stability of Cold-Pressed Argan oil
N. Moradi M. Gharachorloo P. Ghasemi Afshar -
Open Access Article
45 - Detection of Chemical Properties of Ghee Containing Various Levels of Palm Oil and Beef Tallow on RSM
S. H. Erfani M. Ghavami S. Shoeibi H. Rastegar A. Zand Moghaddam -
Open Access Article
46 - Chemical Analysis and Characteristics of Black Tea Produced in North of Iran
F. Abdolmaleki -
Open Access Article
47 - An Overview on Panela
S. Kouhestani M. Honarvar -
Open Access Article
48 - Optimization of Single Cell Protein Production by Aspergillus niger Using Taguchi Approach
F. Ardestani F. Alishahi -
Open Access Article
49 - Evaluation of Chemical Characteristics of Extra Virgin Olive Oils Extracted from Three Monovarieties of Mari, Arbequina and Koroneiki in Fadak and Gilvan Regions
M. Homapour M. Ghavami Z. Piravivanak E.S. Hosseini -
Open Access Article
50 - The Role of Landscape Ecology Spatial Structure Analysis in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) (Case Study: Miankaleh International Wetland)
Soolmaz Dashti Gholam Reza Sabzghabaei Kaveh Jafarzadeh Mojgan Bazmara BaleshtiBackground and Objective: The use of environmental impact assessment methods is one of the important tools in environmental management studies and the reduction of potentially harmful environmental factors in sensitive areas such as wetlands to achieve sustainable devel MoreBackground and Objective: The use of environmental impact assessment methods is one of the important tools in environmental management studies and the reduction of potentially harmful environmental factors in sensitive areas such as wetlands to achieve sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of spatial composition and distribution of Miankaleh International Wetland and also to evaluate the efficiency of land features measurements to assess environmental effects. Method: For this purpose, first Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images of ETM + and OLI sensors related to 2001 and 2016 were prepared. Then, by performing the necessary processing and preprocessing, the land use map was prepared and the raster maps were entered into FRAGSTATS 4.2 software was performed. Findings: According to the results, it can be said that the water zone of the wetland (which is the most important part of the wetland) and consequently the wetlands of the wetland have a large area and has not become fine and stained, but during the study period Deleted part of its domain. The use of vegetation and man-made lands has also disrupted the natural environment by creating new spots and fragmentation. Agricultural use has not been in the form of spots and the increase in its area has been in the form of large spots. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the stated results, proper management in the wetland environment is not implemented. Because the current management of Miankaleh wetland is a hardware and old management, also due to the location of this wetland in two provinces, it does not have an integrated management and the management plan is scattered and multiple. As a result, by creating an integrated and coherent management plan, the problems of this wetland can be overcome to some extent. The present study well showed that land use measurements are a suitable tool for assessing environmental impacts in the shortest time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Quantitative Analysis of Oak Stands in Relation to the Physiographic traits in le Goran, Kermanshah Province
Ziaedin Badehian Masoumeh Mansouri Niknam SoleymaniBackground and Objectives: In order to identify different types of forest stands, present research was carried out in Ile Goran forest located in Kermanshah province with an area of 430 ha. Method: The number of 84 square sampling plots with the area of 1600 m2 by rando MoreBackground and Objectives: In order to identify different types of forest stands, present research was carried out in Ile Goran forest located in Kermanshah province with an area of 430 ha. Method: The number of 84 square sampling plots with the area of 1600 m2 by random-systematic sampling mehod and random starting point were established in the study area. Woody species and its origin (high forest or coppice) were observed and recorded in the plots. Based on species composition and species origin, forest type classification was done. First, the map of physiographical unit (elevation, slope, aspect) and landform units were prepared in GIS environment. Findings: The results showed that high forest types (including Quercus brantii and Quercus brantii – Pistacia atlantica type seed) have a narrower range of expansion in terms of altitude than other types. Quercus brantii as an indicator species, the species has wide range of elevation. In terms of land slope, Quercus brantii – Pistacia, either high forest of coppice, have a wider range of propagation than other types and is observed in gentle slopes up to 50% slope. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study can be used by experts and planners and help to improve the Zagros forests management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Evaluation of Bank Oriented Environmental Social Responsibility in Order To Reduce Emissions in Industrial Production and Macroeconomic Levels in Iran: Application of Blanchard-Quah Decomposition (BQ) and Bootstrap Standard Error (BSE)
mahdi ghaemiasl Mohammad Nasr Isfahani Sirus CharkhBackground and Objective: Environmental responsibility as an important aspect of social responsibility is a necessary condition for survival and success ban and banks are trying to invest in activities that can improve the conditions of society and protecting the enviro MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental responsibility as an important aspect of social responsibility is a necessary condition for survival and success ban and banks are trying to invest in activities that can improve the conditions of society and protecting the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate suppliers based bank's environmental social responsibility to reduce emissions in both industrial and macroeconomic production levels. Method: In this study to investigate the contemporaneous, long-run and dynamic effects of facilities granted by the banking system to the private sector on the emission of environmental pollutants at two levels of industrial production (industry sector) and aggregated economic activities (macroeconomic), the structural VAR method (SVAR), Bootstrap Standard Error (BSE) and Blanchard-Quah Decomposition (BQ) is used. Findings: The results of contemporaneous and long-term effect matrixes in macroeconomic SVAR model shows that, A financial shock (with the size of a standard deviation) due to Bank support facilities to aggregated economic activities and from disturbance term of DLTLOA, led to a 0.0387 percent increase in the level of environmental emissions in the first period, but in the long run has no significant effect on the level of emissions. In addition, the result of industrial sector shows that a financial shock, led to a 0.0397 percent increase in the level of environmental emissions in the first period and its long-term impact on the level of environmental emissions is 0.0695 percent incensement. Estimation of dynamic effects also shows that in both industrial sector and the macroeconomic level, all shocks led to emissions incensement. Discussion and Conclusion: The banking sector with the support of sectors of the economy, especially the industrial sector, has failed to play proper role in its serious social responsibility in the area of production with clean technology and methods and in practice, has become financial supporter of unqualified pollutant industries and productions. It seems as improper support structure of the banking system from industries and pollutant producers, to be followed by increasing in environmental emissions, the reform of the banking support structure and facilities, can lead to environmental improvements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Performance to Determine the Inputs to the Artificial Neural Network for Prediction of Inflow into Alavian Dam
Saber Moazami Roohollah Noori Mohammad Reza Vesali Naseh Abbas AkbarzadehBackground and Objective: Dams play an important role in development of countries by drinking and agricultural water supply, flood control, hydropower energy supply and recreational purposes. Constructing a dam and making an artificial lake has an important effect on su MoreBackground and Objective: Dams play an important role in development of countries by drinking and agricultural water supply, flood control, hydropower energy supply and recreational purposes. Constructing a dam and making an artificial lake has an important effect on surrounding environment, so being able to forecast the inflow to the dam is an important issue for water resource management. Method: In this study artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to forecast the monthly inflow from Soofichai River to Alavian Dam. Regarding the huge amount of input data to ANN model and for optimizing its application, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) was used in order to determine the best inputs for ANN model . Finally, the application of ANN and POD-ANN models was evaluated by determination coefficient (R2), mean absolute error (MAE) and average of absolute relative error (AARE). Findings: Results of ANN and POD-ANN models indicated that although ANN output is close to the observed values of inflow to the dam, but it has significant errors. POD-ANN model showed better results than ANN model for high values of inflow. In generall, comparing R2, MAE and AARE values of two models revealed that POD-ANN model had better performance in both calibration and verification steps in comparison with ANN model. R2, MAE and AARE in verification step of POD-ANN model were 0.93, 0.79, and 0.54, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Preprocessing data contributes to better performance of POD-ANN than ANN model, especially in high values of inflow. Therefore, it can be concluded that applying data preprocessing and reducing inputs to ANN model enhances its performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Sub-Lethal Effects of Exposure to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Growth Indices and Body Biochemical Composition of Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio)
hasan sahraei Seyyed Abbas Hoseini Seyyed Aliakbar Hedayati Rasoul GhorbaniBackground and Objective: Due to the increasing use of nanoparticles in human activities, as well as its role in reducing the adverse effects of heavy metals on living organisms, at this study the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of copper nanoparticles were discuss MoreBackground and Objective: Due to the increasing use of nanoparticles in human activities, as well as its role in reducing the adverse effects of heavy metals on living organisms, at this study the effects of sub-lethal concentrations of copper nanoparticles were discussed on growth factors and biochemical composition carcass of common carp. Method: 82 carp with an average weight of 42 ± 2 g was prepared and after adaptation for the laboratory condition, were exposed at 42 days at three treatments (10, 40, 80 ppm) and three replicates respectively, also a control group were prepared with three replications under the affect of sub-lethal concentrations of copper oxide nanoparticles. Findings: Analysis of growth indices showed that all growth indices had significantly different (P<0/05) with metal treatments in compared to the control group. So the control group had the highest average body weight, percent of body weight, SGR rate, and feed conversion efficiency with averaging 2.93. The lowest specific growth rate and the highest rate of conversion were related to the treatment number three (80 ppm), respectively. The amount of ash, fat, protein and maximum moisture was observed at the control group. The highest percentage of protein and fat was at treatment (3) and concentration of 80 milligrams per litre of copper oxide nanoparticles that in this regard showed significant differences (P<0.05) with the control group. Discussion and Conclusion: The results indicate that the presence of copper oxide nanoparticles in aquatic ecosystems have negative effects on growth and biochemical composition of fish carcasses even at sub-lethal concentrations, that by increasing the concentration of the nanoparticles in aquatic ecosystems, the influence of these effects will become clearer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Study of factors affecting carbon dioxide emission in the country (With refined Laspeyres decomposition analytic method)
Hadieh Alishiri Shahrzad Mohamadkhanli Azam MohammadbagheriBackground and Objective: Current efforts to stabilize and reduce greenhouse gas emission, particularly carbon dioxide to achieve sustainable development is not at an acceptable level and more effort is needed, thus, identifying factors affecting CO2 emission is essenti MoreBackground and Objective: Current efforts to stabilize and reduce greenhouse gas emission, particularly carbon dioxide to achieve sustainable development is not at an acceptable level and more effort is needed, thus, identifying factors affecting CO2 emission is essential for the assessment of policies and strategies. Scale of economic activity, change in composition of the economy, carbon intensity and energy intensity can be considered as the most important factors in all sectors, but with the differences in the impact of these factors in each of the sectors of the economy, Iran's economy is divided into four sectors as Home and business, Industry, transport and agriculture and in the period 1380-1391 was studied. Method: A study technique is "refined Laspeyres decomposition method". Findings: The results indicate that in all sectors change in composition of the economy has caused the greatest impact on CO2 emission. Discussion and Conclusion: the obtain result shown, Positive effect of scale of economic activity also shows that with the current method of industrialization of country and due to fossil fuel consumption, CO2 emission increase is inevitable. Also, during the study period due to the efforts of the authorities to increase energy efficiency and improve fuel quality impact of carbon intensity effect in all sectors except transportation is negative. However, Growth in energy consumption in the transport sector would enervate the positive effects of these policies. During the study period, the implementation of policy Gas rationing and subsidies are the most important causes of the erratic energy intensity effect in all sectors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Assessing Land Capability for Urban Landuse by the Weighted Liner Composition (WLC) in GIS (Case Study: Zardrud Watersheds of Khouzestan Province)
Bamshad Shenavr Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Neda OrakBachground and Objective: Since the environment has a limited ecological potential for human uses, the ecological potential assessment provides a well suited bed for environmental planning. The main objective of this paper is to determine proper criteria by applying mul MoreBachground and Objective: Since the environment has a limited ecological potential for human uses, the ecological potential assessment provides a well suited bed for environmental planning. The main objective of this paper is to determine proper criteria by applying multicriteria decision-making Methods for land capability assessment to establish new cities. Methods: In this research, multicriteria assessment approach and Weighted Liner Composition(WLC) are utilized in ecological potential assessment of Zardrud basin of Khouzestan for urban development by using geographic information system (GIS) based on 13 criteria which includes:slope, evaluation, aspect , rainfall, average temperature, land type, soil, land use, distance to river, distance to industries, distance to road, earthquake bearing and fault zones. Land capability map is developed in which it shows prioritized and proper areas for urban development in the aforemeotioned range. Findings: Most importants factors on urban development were earthquake bearing, land use and soil and that R11, R4 nappies have better choices. Discussion and Conclusion: The results obtained from this study can be used as a pattern for urban planning that indicates well suited urban location with respect to environmental considerations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Investigating the Effect of Demographic Variables on Environment Quality Based on STIRPAT Model
Seyed Kamal Sadeghi Sakineh Sojoodi Fahimeh Ahmadzadeh DeljavanBackground and Objective: Population size and composition are the most important factors affecting the quality of the environment. Empirical studies of the impact of demographic factors on pollution emissions have very different results. Identifying the impact of these MoreBackground and Objective: Population size and composition are the most important factors affecting the quality of the environment. Empirical studies of the impact of demographic factors on pollution emissions have very different results. Identifying the impact of these variables on the quality of environment, can play a significant role in formulation and adoption of policies and environmental regulations. Method: Using econometric analysis, STRIPAT model and carbon dioxide emissions data among the D8 group from 1995 to 2010, the impact of demographic variables such as population size, age of population, urbanization and concentration of population and also the impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on carbon dioxide emissions have been examined in this study. Results: The results indicate that the population size and concentration of population, have no significant effect on greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, the population aged between 15 to 64 years, urbanization, and per capita real income, respectively indicating the greatest impact on carbon dioxide emissions among D8member states. Conclusion:High rate of emissions related to the population raging from 15 to 64 years old in our society is important, because age distribution of the population in this age range has become more concenterated. Since this age range has a high proportion of production, economic growth and energy consumption, it has a high impact on CO2 emissions. Therefore, the environmental damage by users should be reduced to the lowest level through some measurments such as cultural environmental training and energy efficiency increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Existing bubble stock test with Generalized Supremum Augmented Dickey-Fuller techniques and Impulse Response Function and analysis of Variance Decomposition
mohamadreza mahjoub Seyed Ali Nabavi ChashmiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the existence of bubbles in the capital market of Iran market by using Applied to Generalized Supremum Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Impulse Response and analysis of Variance Decomposition. For this purpose, using monthly data, MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the existence of bubbles in the capital market of Iran market by using Applied to Generalized Supremum Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Impulse Response and analysis of Variance Decomposition. For this purpose, using monthly data, four indices (the price / profit ratio Share, total market price index, exchange rate and inflation rate) were investigated for the period from 2011 to 2018, and the stock price bubble was discovered.The results obtained from the tests, explosive behavior and the existence of multiple bubbles in the Iranian investment market have been confirmed, both of the indicators evaluated (price / earning per share and the total price index) co-exist with the bubble in the intervals of 03.2011-07.2014and 09.2015-04.2017indicated a failure of the bubble on 08.2014 and 05.2017. The Results Response Functions (IRFs) confirmed that seeking to inflate a shock to a standard deviation and exchange rate, the stock index created a bubble, so that this created bubble in standard deviation has led to a defead in the past eleven month, but the exchange rate in the the fifteenth monthes the bubble of stock index has been flooded . The results of these prediction error (VDCs), it also indicate that the forecast error of the inflation variable on the stock index has been completely ineffective. Nevertheless this forecast error in the long-term exchange rate has had a significant impact on the index and eventually the on bursting of the bubble. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigation of Economic Effects of Energy Carriers Price Increases on the Composition of Consumption Expenditures of Urban Households
Seed Mohamad Mehdi Ahmadi Jamshid PajhuyanThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of energy carriers price increases on composition of consumption expenditures of urban households using Almost Ideal Demand System(AIDS). For this purpose, initially seven groups of goods and services includin MoreThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of energy carriers price increases on composition of consumption expenditures of urban households using Almost Ideal Demand System(AIDS). For this purpose, initially seven groups of goods and services including: food and beverage portion, shoes and clothing, transport, communication, hotels and restaurants, water, electricity, gas and other fuels, and other groups is estimated by applying seemingly unrelated regression method and data years of 1380-1389 for 10 cost deciles.Then, the average share of the groups for the years 1390 to 1392 by considering two scenarios increased by 20 and 38% of the price of water, electricity, gas and other fuels as a proxy for energy carriers is predicted. Our results indicate that despite the change in the share of each group of goods based on these two scenarios, but this does not shift in consumer preferences or combined groups of urban households in different deciles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - حل تقریبی نوسانگر غیرخطی تصادفی
طیبه دمیرجلیدر این مقاله ، معادلات غیر خطی با نویز سفید افزودنی را در نظر می گیریم ، که حل آنها با روش های تحلیلی غیرممکن است. توابع بلاک پالس به عنوان توابع پایه ای برای حل این معادلات ارائه شده است. به منظور بررسی اعتبار این روش ، از روش تجزیه آدومین برای حل تقریبی معادلات Moreدر این مقاله ، معادلات غیر خطی با نویز سفید افزودنی را در نظر می گیریم ، که حل آنها با روش های تحلیلی غیرممکن است. توابع بلاک پالس به عنوان توابع پایه ای برای حل این معادلات ارائه شده است. به منظور بررسی اعتبار این روش ، از روش تجزیه آدومین برای حل تقریبی معادلات تصادفی دافینگ استفاده شده است. نتایج نشان می دهد که روش پیشنهادی بسیار موثر است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - A Fast Strategy to Find Solution for Survivable Multicommodity Network
M. Anisi -
Open Access Article
62 - یک مدل بازه ای در شبکه جریان تحریمشده
راضیه کشاورزی حسن صالحی فتح آبادییکی از موضوعات کلیدی در شبکه های جریان، تحریم آن­هاست. کشاورزی و صالحی این مساله را با در نظر گرفتن چند مبداء و چند مقصد برای شبکه و داشتن شرایط خاص برای جریان ارسالی از مبداء­ها به مقصدها بیان کردند. علاوه بر این مساله، در حالت چند تحریم کننده معرفی و یک Moreیکی از موضوعات کلیدی در شبکه های جریان، تحریم آن­هاست. کشاورزی و صالحی این مساله را با در نظر گرفتن چند مبداء و چند مقصد برای شبکه و داشتن شرایط خاص برای جریان ارسالی از مبداء­ها به مقصدها بیان کردند. علاوه بر این مساله، در حالت چند تحریم کننده معرفی و یک روش معادل برای حل مساله بیان شده است. در این مقاله جریان شبکه تحریم شده با چند مبداء و چند مقصد به گونه ای بیان شده است که داده های مساله غیر قطعی هستند (در یک بازه با ابتدا و انتهای مشخص قرار گرفته اند). در انتها یک فاصله بهینه برای جواب مساله ارائه شده است و به حل یک مثال عددی با استفاده از نرم افزار لینگو پرداخته شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Algebraic Solving of Complex Interval Linear Systems by Limiting Factors
R. Nuraei M. Ghanbari -
Open Access Article
64 - نسخه ی محدود شده ایی از روش تجزیه کرات برای حل دستگاه های خطی مختلط فازی
M. Ghanbariدر این مقاله، نشان داده شده است که بردار جواب به دست آمده به وسیله ی روش تجزیه ی کرات کلاسیک، جواب جبری یک دستگاه خطی مختلط فازی نمی باشد. در اینجا، برای به دست آودن جواب جبری یک دستگاه خطی مختلط فازی(اگر وجود داشته باشد)، نسخه ی محدود شده ایی از روش ذکر شده را ارائه می Moreدر این مقاله، نشان داده شده است که بردار جواب به دست آمده به وسیله ی روش تجزیه ی کرات کلاسیک، جواب جبری یک دستگاه خطی مختلط فازی نمی باشد. در اینجا، برای به دست آودن جواب جبری یک دستگاه خطی مختلط فازی(اگر وجود داشته باشد)، نسخه ی محدود شده ایی از روش ذکر شده را ارائه می کنیم. دو مثال عددی برای نشان دادن کارایی و توانایی روش پیشنهادی، ارائه شده اند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Contrast of Homotopy and Adomian Decomposition Methods with Mittage-Leffler Function for Solving Some Nonlinear Fractional Partial Differential Equations
M. Jahanshahi H. Kazemi demneh -
Open Access Article
66 - عملگرهای ترکیبی مشتق پذیر وزن دار از فضاهای برگمن وزن دار با وزن های پذیرفتنی به فضاهای از نوع بلاخ
شایسته رضاییفرض کنید خودنگاشتی تحلیلی روی قرص واحد در صفحه مختلط ، یک عدد صحیح نامنفی و تابعی تحلیلی روی باشد. در این صورت برای تابع تحلیلی روی عملگر ترکیبی مشتق پذیر وزن دار به صورت تعریف می شود که . در این مقاله، کرانداری و فشردگی از فضاه Moreفرض کنید خودنگاشتی تحلیلی روی قرص واحد در صفحه مختلط ، یک عدد صحیح نامنفی و تابعی تحلیلی روی باشد. در این صورت برای تابع تحلیلی روی عملگر ترکیبی مشتق پذیر وزن دار به صورت تعریف می شود که . در این مقاله، کرانداری و فشردگی از فضاهای برگمن وزن دار با وزن های پذیرفتنی به فضاهای از نوع بلاخ را بررسی می کنیم. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - مروری نظام مند بر روش های مکاشفه ای ترکیب سرویس در محیط محاسبات ابری
محمدباقر کریمیدر دهه حاضر، مفهوم سرویس و ارائه نرم افزار به صورت سرویس بر روی معماری سیستم های ابری به عنوان دو تحول مهم، دنیای سیستم های اطلاعاتی را متحول کرده است. این تغییر، چرخه حیات تولید نرم افزار را با یک دگرگونی پارادیمی مواجه کرده است که در آن تولید نرم افزار از طریق ترکیب س Moreدر دهه حاضر، مفهوم سرویس و ارائه نرم افزار به صورت سرویس بر روی معماری سیستم های ابری به عنوان دو تحول مهم، دنیای سیستم های اطلاعاتی را متحول کرده است. این تغییر، چرخه حیات تولید نرم افزار را با یک دگرگونی پارادیمی مواجه کرده است که در آن تولید نرم افزار از طریق ترکیب سرویس های آماده در بستر ابر انجام میگیرد. یکی از الزامات ترکیب سرویس در محیط ابر این است که باید به صورت on-the-fly انجام گیرد که تحقق آن نیاز به یک مصالحه بین بهینه بودن سرویس مرکب و زمان ترکیب سرویس دارد. مسئله ترکیب سرویس با اطلاع از QoS، مسئلهای است که برای آن چندین راه حل بالقوه وجود دارد که معمولاً چند تا از آنها بهینه محسوب میشوند، بر این اساس این مسئله، یک مسئله بهینه سازی و در زمره مسائل NP-Hard به شمار میآید. با توجه به این واقعیت که به دلیل افزایش روزافزون تعداد سرویسها که منجر به بزرگتر شدن فضای جستجوی مسئله میشوند، در سال های گذشته محققان زیادی به تحقیق بر روی ارائه روش های مبتنی بر الگوریتم های ترکیباتی و مکاشفه ای برای حل مسئله ترکیب سرویس در محیط ابر، علاقه نشان داده اند و این اقبال ادامه دارد. در این مقاله، بر اساس مروری نظام مند بر ادبیات تحقیق، پرسش های مهمی که می توان در حوزه تحقیقاتی ترکیب سرویس به روش مکاشفه ای می توان مطرح کرد، استخراج شده اند. سپس با طبقه بندی پژوهش ها بر اساس رویکردهای حل مسئله، اهداف و اولویت های مورد نظر محققین، نتایج و آمارهای مفیدی ارائه شده که می تواند به تحقیقات آینده کمک کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Linear optimization of fuzzy relation inequalities with max-Lukasiewicz composition
E. Shivanian -
Open Access Article
69 - The spectral iterative method for Solving Fractional-Order Logistic Equation
A. Shoja‎ E. Babolian A. R. Vahidi -
Open Access Article
70 - SsT decomposition method for solving fully fuzzy linear systems
K. Jaikumar S. Sunantha -
Open Access Article
71 - Evaluating Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) algorithms in blocks decomposition of de-trended
K. Fathi Vajargah -
Open Access Article
72 - Evaluation of Biogas Potential from Rural Wastes (Case Study: Abyaneh Village)
Ali Daryabeigi zand Maryam Rabiee AbyanehBiogas is one of the renewable energy sources that is produced by the decomposition of organic materials as a result of the activity of anaerobic bacteria. Putrifiable materials in municipal and rural wastes are of biomass sources that can be used in biogas production. MoreBiogas is one of the renewable energy sources that is produced by the decomposition of organic materials as a result of the activity of anaerobic bacteria. Putrifiable materials in municipal and rural wastes are of biomass sources that can be used in biogas production. Establishment of biogas production units can be considered as an effective step to resolve waste management issues as well as emissions of environmental pollutants.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of biogas production from rural wastes in Abyaneh village to address waste management issues in the region. For this purpose after quantitative and qualitative study of waste production in Abyaneh village, applicable amount of waste that can be used in biogas plants was determined and the potential of biogas production from them was calculated. The amount of recoverable biogas from organic waste produced in Abyaneh village was determined to be 24407546.68 m2 per year. On average 15864905.34 m2 of methane per year can be generated, which is equivalent to 34268195.55 MJ of energy. Obtained results demonstrated that wastes generated in Abyaneh village can be considered a suitable source for biogas production based on its quantity and composition. It is suggested to establish biogas production plants in the region which can be used to reduce the volume of wastes, transportation and disposal costs and improve human health. Also the energy produced from it can be used for cooking, lighting, power generation and transportation fuel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The Influence of the Arabic Language on Fifth Century's Poetries
Ibrahim FallahLanguage and literature express the identity, originality and personality of a nation. The connection and influence between Persian and Arabic language and literature has always been reciprocal. The influence of Arabic on Persian dates back to afore the advent MoreLanguage and literature express the identity, originality and personality of a nation. The connection and influence between Persian and Arabic language and literature has always been reciprocal. The influence of Arabic on Persian dates back to afore the advent of Islam. However, by manifestation of Islam, the mentioned influence spread in Iranian thought and culture, but the fifth century which is one of the brilliant centuries of the Islamic period, the influence of Qur'an and Arabic on Persian poetry is more visible than previous periods. Since Arabic literature enriches Persian language and literature, its influence has been in various fields including words, phrases, imagination, thought, and style. As Arabic is the language of Qur'an and sacred texts, Iranians and Persian literature paid special attention to it and were greatly influenced by it. The present research entitled "The Influence of the Arabic Language on Fifth Century's Poetries" seeks to study and analyze the impact of Arabic language on fifth-century poetry as well as to examine the influential genres. The results show that the types of influence of Arabic language on fifth century's poems include applying Arabic words and phrases, contents of Arabic concepts translated into Arabic verses, rhetorical figures of speech such as quotation and simile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - The effect of caloric restriction along with functional training and acidic and alkaline diet on body composition, lipid concentration and C-reactive protein in overweight adults
Fahimeh Noori Zohreh Eskandari Mohammad Reza Shiri Shahsavar Elahe YousefiPurpose: Obesity increases inflammatory indices and creates insulin resistance, and proper diet along with regular physical exercises are effective in improving these indices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate 10 weeks of calorie restriction along with MorePurpose: Obesity increases inflammatory indices and creates insulin resistance, and proper diet along with regular physical exercises are effective in improving these indices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate 10 weeks of calorie restriction along with alkaline, acidic diet and functional exercises on lipid profile, body composition and C-reactive protein levels in obese and overweight adults.Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental research, 53 obese and overweight adults (18 men, 35 women) with an average age of 35.4±8.3 years voluntarily participated. Calorie restriction along with alkaline and acidic diet and functional exercises were applied in three experimental groups and one control group for 10 weeks. Body composition (weight, waist-hip ratio, body mass index, muscle and fat mass, visceral fat), lipid indices (fasting cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride) and C-reactive protein levels were measured. Anukova and Bonferroni tests were used to compare groups in the post-test and the significance level was 0.05.Findings: body composition (weight, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, fat mass and visceral fat) and cholesterol decreased in the alkaline diet group along with calorie restriction and functional exercises in overweight and obese people (P≥0.05).Conclusion: Calorie restriction and alkaline diet by reducing acid load along with 10 weeks of functional training lead to improvement of body composition and cholesterol in overweight and obese adults. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - A Novel Method for the Synthesis of CaO Nanoparticle for the Decomposition of Sulfurous Pollutant
Meysam Sadeghi Mir Hassan Husseini -
Open Access Article
76 - Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Octahedral Co3O4 with Solid-State Thermal Decomposition
Aliakbar Dehno Khalaji -
Open Access Article
77 - Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel by Marrubium astranicum Leaves Extracts in 1 M HCl
Banafsheh Norouzi Rahime Hajinasiri Jabber Yousefi Shahram Zabihi -
Open Access Article
78 - Apple orchard weeds management by grasses perennial cover crops
بتول صمدانی hekmat EsfandiyariPlanting permanent cover crops is an eco-friendly approach for reducing weed problems without use of chemical. In order to study effect of perennial cover crop, in comparison with annual cover crops, on weed control and weed community structure this research was conduct MorePlanting permanent cover crops is an eco-friendly approach for reducing weed problems without use of chemical. In order to study effect of perennial cover crop, in comparison with annual cover crops, on weed control and weed community structure this research was conducted in an apple orchard interrows for 2 yr in Gazvin province. Treatments were: Festuca ovina, Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perene, Bromus inermis with replant and without replant, Secale cereal and control (without weed control). In the first spring, perennial cover crops and S. cereal reduced weeds dry weight 70 and 100%, respectively, and in the second spring perennial cover crops in average and S. cereal reduced weeds dry weight 58 and 94%, respectively. In the second year Bromus inermis and Festuca ovina reduced weeds dry weight 10 and 30% more than other perennial cover crops. Replant needed for establishment of perennial cover crops. Cover crops treatments had effect on weed community structure, as weed composition in the end of second year in Bromus inermis and Festuca arundinacea was different from control. However, weed composition in Lolium perene and F. ovina was same as control. Perennial cover crops can be an effective weed management in organic orchards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The Artistic Features of the Poetry of Ibin Nobatah
Hamed Sedghi Rahmatollah Haydari ManeshThe Egyptian poet, Ibin Nobatah is one of the most renowned poets of Mamluki era who, we may say, has complained about different issues in his poetry much more than his contemporary poets. In these complaining poems he has considered issues like life and death, separati MoreThe Egyptian poet, Ibin Nobatah is one of the most renowned poets of Mamluki era who, we may say, has complained about different issues in his poetry much more than his contemporary poets. In these complaining poems he has considered issues like life and death, separation and poverty, old age and common maladies in the world surrounding him. But the present article emphasizes the poet’s attention for the artistic features which have paved the way for him to express his complaints and express a better articulation for his private pains. The important features can be pointed as the poet’s use of words, compositions and styles and a combination of rhythmic diction compatible with his complaint and the depressing atmosphere surrounding him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - The Analysis of Linguistic Elements of Qeysar Aminpour’s Poetry from Stylistic Viewpoint
Abbas Ganjali Neman Onegh &nbs More Qeysar Aminpour (1959-2007) is one of the outstanding figures in contemporary Persian poetry. One of the prominent aspects of his poetic style is the distinct language of his poems in the three areas of lexicon, compositions and syntax. Relying on these three areas, this study attempted to investigate the most important linguistic features of his poetry in order to figure out special style of the poet in the realm of language and to answer the fundamental question “What are the prominent features of Aminpour’s style of poetry that make it idiosyncratic?” Simple and modern language, innovative in lexicon and compositions, collocation of lexicon (symmetry), prominence of some words, playing on words and meanings, using codes and symbols, grammaticality and prosaic structure of sentences are among the most significant characteristics of Aminpour’s language which were examined and analyzed in this paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The Study of Modernism and Imitation in Elegiac Writings of Ibne Rumi's Compositions: Ode "Rasae Basra"
Ali Asghar HabibiElegiac writing is one of the most significant and permanent poetic aims, one of the most faithful genres to human essence whose major concern is human conscious. Due to the correspondence between elegiac composition and human mind there are rare poets who have not touc MoreElegiac writing is one of the most significant and permanent poetic aims, one of the most faithful genres to human essence whose major concern is human conscious. Due to the correspondence between elegiac composition and human mind there are rare poets who have not touched this area. Furthermore, some poets who are endowed with some inborn talent and sensitive emotion ,have been essentially successful in poetic composition, even accompanied by some extrinsic impacts such as catastrophes and miseries. Ibne Rumi ,no doubt can be classified in this category who suffered in his personal life as well. Among his outstanding poetic products both in form as well as in content one can refer to his ode "Rasae Basra" which is composed after the devastating invasion of Zangian to his city. The present paper is an attempt to analyze his ode on the level of form and style as well as content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - The Study of Music in the Arabic Compositions of Sa'di
Hamed Zakeri Abdolhamid Ahmadi Mansoorah SHiraziThe essence and the beauty of a poem relies heavily on elements such as music. Music covers a wide area which is truly grasped and applied by masters of rhetoric. Sa'di is also considered as one of the greatest Persian poets who has depicted his unique talent in this fi MoreThe essence and the beauty of a poem relies heavily on elements such as music. Music covers a wide area which is truly grasped and applied by masters of rhetoric. Sa'di is also considered as one of the greatest Persian poets who has depicted his unique talent in this field. Sa'di's poetry is genuinely musical. There have been some researches conducted in this respect. However, one feels the need to focus on his Arabic composition also. This research has focused on various levels of musicality in Sa'di's poetry. After some introductory notes on poetry and the music of poetry , the researcher has focused on different levels of music in his Arabic poetry. Kolliyate Sa'di by Abaha-ol-Dine Khorramshahi is used as the primary source of Arabic poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - A Comparison Between the Effect of Playing Games and Doing Aerobics on Some Body Composition Indices of the Obese Female Students
Mehdi Bostani Zeinab AlipourThe purpose of the present study is the comparative review of the effect of two exercising plans on some body composition indices of the obese female girls in Ahwaz. To this aim, 45 obese students in district 1 of the education administration of Ahwaz were purposefully MoreThe purpose of the present study is the comparative review of the effect of two exercising plans on some body composition indices of the obese female girls in Ahwaz. To this aim, 45 obese students in district 1 of the education administration of Ahwaz were purposefully chosen and then they were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 15 girls. In order to control the participants’ dietary plan, the nutrition remembrance questionnaire was used. Body composition indices including body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and body fat percentage in both pre-test and post-test stages were measured and registered. For inside group comparison, dependent t-test was used and for the comparison of the 3 groups, the variance analysis (ANOVA) as well as Tuckey’s Post Hoc in the significant level of 0.05 were used. The results showed that doing 8 weeks of aerobics and playing games both significantly reduced the BMI and body fat percentage but only playing games could significantly reduce the WHR (P<0.05). According to the results of the present research, it is recommended that in order to control children obesity, in addition to organized exercises, sport activities in the form of playing be used as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - A new automatic watermarking algorithm based on Fuzzy Logic and Harris Hawks optimization
Mehdi Fallah Kazemi Arash Ahmadpour Nadia PourmahdiThis paper presents a new watermarking method to improve the robustness and transparency of extracted and host images. The embedding process is based on decomposing of pyramidal directional filter bank and triangular matrix, while the watermark extraction process is bas MoreThis paper presents a new watermarking method to improve the robustness and transparency of extracted and host images. The embedding process is based on decomposing of pyramidal directional filter bank and triangular matrix, while the watermark extraction process is based on Mamdani fuzzy logic. In this design, in order to obtain efficient robustness and transparency, the Harris hawks optimization algorithm is used to find the best value of embedding factor. For this purpose, in the embedding algorithm, pyramid directional filter bank decomposition is utilized and accordingly the approximation sub-bands are divided into 8*8 non-overlapping blocks. Moreover, by decomposing the triangular matrix, which embeds the watermark bits in the matrix element, the use of Mamdani implication and the product inference engine have led to an efficient watermark extraction. The simulation results show that the quality of the watermarked image is equal to 60.6dB. Furethermore, applying the proposed algorithm is strong against attacks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Use of spectroscopic manner GC and GC/MS for chemical composition of the essential oil pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent) BOISS. From Iran
Jafar Izadi Nia Hossin BakhBakhshianUse of spectroscopic manner GC and GC/MS for chemical composition of the essential oil pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent) BOISS. From Iran Jafar Izadi Nia and Bakhshian Hossein Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch, Shahrood, Iran In this investiga MoreUse of spectroscopic manner GC and GC/MS for chemical composition of the essential oil pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent) BOISS. From Iran Jafar Izadi Nia and Bakhshian Hossein Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch, Shahrood, Iran In this investigation pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent) BOISS. Collected from ferdoos region, south khorassan province. The essential oil of plant obtain with hydrodistillation and HS-SPME. Citronellol(20.03%), 1,8-cineol(13.48%), α –pinene(6.16%) and Terpinen-4-ol(4.96%) were the main component in the essential oil abtaind with hydrodistillation. α-pinene(42.29%), 1,8- cineole(26.76%) and chrysanthenone(7.19%) were the main component of the flower essential oil. α-pinene(13.42%, 34.77% respectively) and 1,8- cineole(73.53%, 41.81% respectively) were thee main component in the essential oil of Leaf and stem (respectively) obtained with HS-SPME. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - One-Pot Synthesis of Some Heterocyclic Organic Compounds by Magnetic Nanoparticles and its Application in Electrosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
Seyed Hashem AkhlaghiHeterocyclic compounds are a subset of cyclic compounds inwhich the ring-forming atoms are composed of two or more different typesof atoms. Heterocyclic chemistry is an important part of organic chemistrythat studies the properties, production methods, and reactions ofh MoreHeterocyclic compounds are a subset of cyclic compounds inwhich the ring-forming atoms are composed of two or more different typesof atoms. Heterocyclic chemistry is an important part of organic chemistrythat studies the properties, production methods, and reactions ofheterocyclic compounds. Among the heterocyclic compounds, pirans areone of the most important and valuable categories of heterocycles that havemany applications in medicine and therapy. In this project, we intend tosynthesize three of the Pirans derivatives under temperature and refluxconditions. The purpose of synthesizing these derivatives is theimmobilization of Ag nanoparticle, with uniform distribution, on thesurface of glassy carbon electrode such that the electrocatalytic current ofAg nanoparticle be constant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - At Molana Presence Reflection on the Composition of Masnavi
Ahmad Khatami niloufar tavakoli Considering and analyzing Molana (Rumi)’s Masnavi through different approaches can be very helpful to understand this great book. The process of composing Masnavi has been always an interesting subject for Molana researchers and scholars. What is obvious i More Considering and analyzing Molana (Rumi)’s Masnavi through different approaches can be very helpful to understand this great book. The process of composing Masnavi has been always an interesting subject for Molana researchers and scholars. What is obvious is that Molana has written Masnavi intuitively but there is a little known about the quality of the process. The present paper attempts to reveal as much as possible of the process of composing Masnavi by Molana under different titles such as times, addressees, Molana’s method, Molana’s states, and etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - A Surrogate Reduced Order Free Vibration Model of Linear and Non-Linear Beams using Modified Modal Coefficients and HOSVD Approaches
Mohammad Kazem Moayyedi -
Open Access Article
89 - Modal Analysis of Complex Structures via a Sub-Structuring Approach
Vahid Heydari Mohammd Ahmadi Balootaki Mohammad Orak Mehdi Salehi -
Open Access Article
90 - Influence of growth stage on essential oil content and major chemical constituents of Artemisia pallens Bess
Channayya Hiremath Manoj Kumar Yadav M.R. Swamy Gowda A. Niranjana Kumar K.V.N. Satya Srinivas -
Open Access Article
91 - Morphological and chemical characterization of two wild Tunisian myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) populations
W. Aidi Wannes M. Saidani Tounsi B. Marzouk -
Open Access Article
92 - Essential oil composition of Terminalia ivorensis A. Chev. flowers from Northern Nigeria
Isiaka Ajani Ogunwande Roberta Ascrizzi Guido Flamini -
Open Access Article
93 - The structural model to explain the quality of life Students based on the combination of physical, social physique anxiety and mental health
mehdi molaei yasavoli zahra ghanbari hadi molaei yasavoli dariush khajaviThe purpose of this study was to explain the quality of life based on physical fitness, social anxiety, and mental health among students. The research method in this research is correlation and type of path analysis studies. 240 students from Allameh Tabataba'i Universi MoreThe purpose of this study was to explain the quality of life based on physical fitness, social anxiety, and mental health among students. The research method in this research is correlation and type of path analysis studies. 240 students from Allameh Tabataba'i University who were studying in 1994-1994 were selected using available sampling method. Participants completed Quality of Life questionnaires (World Health Organization, 1989), Mental Health (Goldberg & Hiller, 1979), and Social Anxiety (Hart et al., 1989). Body mass index was used to assess body composition. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software and 22AMOS software. The results of path analysis indicated that the highest quality of life path coefficient was obtained from social anxiety of the organs (-0.35), followed by mental health (-0.23) and body composition (-0.20), respectively. The indirect effect of body composition on the quality of life of female students was significant due to social anxiety of the limb. In addition, indirect effect of social anxiety is significant with the role of mental health intermediates on quality of life (-0.09). According to the results of this study, proper body composition can reduce the social anxiety of the limbs and increase mental health and improve the quality of life of the students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Junior high school students' and teachers' points of view on composition course
narges velayati mahboubeh arefiWith the aim of studying about the Junior high school students' and teachers' points of view in Mehriz town in academic year 2011 on composition course, this research was carried out. The statistical population of the research was consisted of Junior high school student MoreWith the aim of studying about the Junior high school students' and teachers' points of view in Mehriz town in academic year 2011 on composition course, this research was carried out. The statistical population of the research was consisted of Junior high school students and teachers in Mehriz town. Amongst them, 16 teachers and 282 students were selected thorough relative random sampling. The findings indicated that from the junior high school students' and teachers' viewpoint composition curriculum was very important and no meaningful difference was observed between their attitudes. Concerning different dimensions as purpose, content, educational methods, and method of evaluation, teachers deemed this course appropriate. There was no meaningful difference between teachers' viewpoints based on gender and grade. However, from students’ viewpoints, this course was inappropriate in terms of content and method of evaluation. There was also no meaningful difference between students’ viewpoints based on gender and grade. In terms of content and method of evaluation, the teachers found this course to be performed improperly whereas, students identified improperly performed dimensions as content, educational methods, and method of evaluation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Differential Information Extraction of Electroencephalogram Signals for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Detection
Farzaneh Manzari Peyvand GhaderyanIntroduction: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental and social disease that is prevalent in about 2 to 3% of the human population leading to cognitive impairments and affected quality of patient's life. Therefore, a reliable and timely diagnosis can he MoreIntroduction: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental and social disease that is prevalent in about 2 to 3% of the human population leading to cognitive impairments and affected quality of patient's life. Therefore, a reliable and timely diagnosis can help psychiatrists in better treating or controlling this disease.Method: Previous studies have demonstrated interdependence impairments between different brain regions in patients with OCD. Hence, this study has provided a new approach based on the decomposition of signals into intrinsic components and extraction of differential transient changes in amplitude envelope and phase spectra of the EEG signal recorded during Flanker tasks. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated using 19 healthy subjects and 11 patients by the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier.Result: The obtained results have confirmed the capability of the proposed method in diagnosing the disease with high accuracy of 93.89% using amplitude differential information of the electroencephalogram signal.Conclusion: In comparison between different regions, the statistical features extracted from the frontal lobe, the frontal-parietal network, and the inter-hemispheric features have offered better detection ability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Survey Of Digestive Enzymes Activity, Body Composition and Intestine Bacterial Flora Of Sobaity (Sparidentexhasta) Fingerling in Response to Different Levels Of Dietary Xylooligosaccharide
Vahid Morshedi Naser Agh Jasem Marammazi Farzaneh Norii Takavar MohammadianInroduction and Objective: Prebiotics, as a non-digestible food ingredient, beneficiallyaffects the host by selectively stimulating the growth, activating a limited number of bacteria, andreducing the number of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.This study i MoreInroduction and Objective: Prebiotics, as a non-digestible food ingredient, beneficiallyaffects the host by selectively stimulating the growth, activating a limited number of bacteria, andreducing the number of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.This study investigated the effects of xylooligosaccharide on digestive enzymes activity, body composition and intestine bacterial flora of sobaity (Sparidentex hastaMaterial and Methods:For this purpose, 405 individuals of sobaity fingerlings (45 in each replication) were prepared with an average weight of 7.64 ± 0.3 g from the Mariculture Research station of South Iranian Aquaculture Research Center. This study was carried out in a completely randomized design with three treatments and replications in fiberglass tanks with 300 liters volume. Fish were fed with feed containing 0, 0.5 and 1 percents of xylooligosaccharide for a period of 42 days. At the end of the experiment, body composition and intestine samples were collected for estimating digestive enzymes activity intestine bacterial flora and body composition. Results: The obtained results indicated that dietary xylooligosaccharide did not change sobaity digestive enzymes activity, including alkaline protease, amylse and lipase (P > 0.05). In this study, weak, positive and no significant correlation were observed between dietary prebiotic and alkaline protease activity, amylase activity and lipase activity (P > 0.05). The results of this study indicated that different levels of prebiotic did not affect body composition including protein, fat, ash and moisture and intestine bacterial flora (P > 0.05). Conclusion:Overall, this study showed that digestive enzymes activity was not affected by dietary prebiotic. Moreover, the diet supplemented with 0.5 and 1 percents of xylooligosaccharide had no significant effects on body composition and intestine bacterial flora of sobaity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Free Vibration Analysis of Nonlinear Circular Plates Resting on Winkler and Pasternak Foundations
M.G Sobamowo S.A Salawu -
Open Access Article
98 - Noise Effects on Modal Parameters Extraction of Horizontal Tailplane by Singular Value Decomposition Method Based on Output Only Modal Analysis
P Jalali S Varahram R Hassannejad M.H Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
99 - Tangential Displacement and Shear Stress Distribution in Non-Uniform Rotating Disk under Angular Acceleration by Semi-Exact Methods
S Jafari -
Open Access Article
100 - Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Compositionally Graded Polyethylene/Clay Nanocomposites
M.H Yas M Karami Khorramabadi -
Open Access Article
101 - Investigating the effectiveness of oxyfluorfen, cetoxydim, bentazone and penoxolam herbicides along with the use of additives in the control of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) in onion (Allium cepa)
Mahdieh Amirinejad Semane Motamedinia behrouz KHALIL TAHMASEBI Mohammad RoozkhoshPurple nutsedge is one of the harmful weeds in onion (Allium cepa L.) fields. This project aims to investigate the effectiveness of oxyfluorfen, cetoxydim, bentazone and penoxolam herbicides along with the use of adjuvant. The use of additives is one of the most importa MorePurple nutsedge is one of the harmful weeds in onion (Allium cepa L.) fields. This project aims to investigate the effectiveness of oxyfluorfen, cetoxydim, bentazone and penoxolam herbicides along with the use of adjuvant. The use of additives is one of the most important effective ways to increase the efficiency and reduce the amount of herbicides. It was carried out in the form of a randomized complete block design with 11 treatments and three replications in industrial and cultivation fields in the year of 2021. The results of the project showed that the effect of different herbicides on the traits of Cyperus rotundus was significant and significantly reduced the number of shoots, number of tubers, above and below fresh and dry weight of shoots of Cyperus rotundus. The best treatment using bentazone + oil and cetoxydim + bentazone was obtained, yeild onion highest was obtained by hand weeding (47.272 ton. ha) and Bentazone + oil: Sethoxydim: Bentazone (43.636 ton. ha). Which was not significantly different from the control treatment (weed free). Therefore, the combination of the post-emergence application of bentazon + oil and cetoxydim + bentazone can be effective for controlling the purple nutsedge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Time variations of species diversity of wheat field aphids in Saman city, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran
Fatemeh Momeni Shahraki kambiz minaei Abbas Mohammadi-KhoramabadiThis research investigated the time variation of aphid species diversity in wheat field of Saman, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province during 2017. Sampling was conducted from a 3 hectare wheat farm in Saman, twice a month, in each time 100 plants were randomly taken. Alp MoreThis research investigated the time variation of aphid species diversity in wheat field of Saman, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province during 2017. Sampling was conducted from a 3 hectare wheat farm in Saman, twice a month, in each time 100 plants were randomly taken. Alpha species diversity indexes including Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, McIntosh and Pielou, Simpson, and Macintosh uniformity species indexes were calculated in each sampling period. The diversity of aphids was compared by Renyi's diversity ordering method. Estimation of maximum species richness was done using nonparametric indices. Analyzes and calculations were performed using SDR4 software. A total of 8258 individuals were collected from aphids during the whole sampling period, which is belonging to eight species as follows: Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko, 1913), Ford hirsute (Mordvilko,1928), Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus, 1758), Rhopalosiphum sp., Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker, 1849), Sipha elegans (Del Guercio, 1905), Sipha sp. and Sitobion avenae (Fabricius, 1775). The most abundant species were the Russian wheat aphid, D. noxia and the rose-grass aphid, M. dirhodum, with 53.05 and 43.47 percent of the total aphid individuals respectively. Non-parametric methods of estimating species richness showed that additional sampling would yield at most 12 wheat aphid species in Saman wheat fields. A discussion was provided on species richness and species composition of wheat aphids during time in Saman region and also compared to other studied regions in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - A New Method for Solving Two-Dimensional Fuzzy Fredholm Integral Equations of The Second Kind
Mohsen Darabi Nouredin Parandin Mahmoud Paripour Ali Seifi -
Open Access Article
104 - Application of semi-analytic method to compute the moments for solution of logistic model
MohammadAli Jafari -
Open Access Article
105 - Essential Norm of Composition Operator as a Mapping on Weighted Bergman Space with Regular Weight
Shayesteh Rezaei -
Open Access Article
106 - Constuction of solitary solutions for nonlinear differential-difference equations via Adomain decomposition method
M.A. AbdouHere, Adomian decomposition method has been used for finding approximateand numerical solutions of nonlinear differential difference equations arising inmathematical physics. Two models of special interest in physics, namely, theHybrid nonlinear differential difference MoreHere, Adomian decomposition method has been used for finding approximateand numerical solutions of nonlinear differential difference equations arising inmathematical physics. Two models of special interest in physics, namely, theHybrid nonlinear differential difference equation and Relativistic Toda couplednonlinear differential-difference equation are chosen to illustrate the validity andthe great potential of the proposed method. Comparisons are made between theresults of the proposed method and exact solutions. The results show that theAdomian Decomposition Method is an attractive method in solving the nonlineardifferential difference equations. It is worthwhile to mention that theAdomian decomposition method is also easy to be applied to other nonlineardifferential difference equation arising in physics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Generalized composition operators from logarithmic Bloch type spaces to Q_K type spaces
Sh. Rezaei H. MahyarIn this paper boundedness and compactness of generalized composition oper-ators from logarithmic Bloch type spaces to Q_K type spaces are investigated.In this paper boundedness and compactness of generalized composition oper-ators from logarithmic Bloch type spaces to Q_K type spaces are investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - A numerical solution of Nagumo telegraph equation by Adomian decomposition method
H. RouhparvarIn this work, the solution of a boundary value problem is discussed via asemi analytical method. The purpose of the present paper is to inspect theapplication of the Adomian decomposition method for solving the Nagumo tele-graph equation. The numerical solution is obtai MoreIn this work, the solution of a boundary value problem is discussed via asemi analytical method. The purpose of the present paper is to inspect theapplication of the Adomian decomposition method for solving the Nagumo tele-graph equation. The numerical solution is obtained for some special cases sothat demonstrate the validity of method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - A numerical solution of Nagumo telegraph equation by Adomian decomposition method
H. RouhparvarIn this work, the solution of a boundary value problem is discussed via asemi analytical method. The purpose of the present paper is to inspect theapplication of the Adomian decomposition method for solving the Nagumotelegraph equation. The numerical solution is obtaine MoreIn this work, the solution of a boundary value problem is discussed via asemi analytical method. The purpose of the present paper is to inspect theapplication of the Adomian decomposition method for solving the Nagumotelegraph equation. The numerical solution is obtained for some special casesso that demonstrate the validity of method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Numerical solution of fuzzy Hunter-Saxton equation by using Adomian decomposition and Homotopy analysis methods
Sh Sadigh behzadi -
Open Access Article
111 - Investigating the rhetorical aspects of Shahnameh letters with the approach of news and essay sentences
zinat jahani Kimia Tajnia Ismail Eslamiprivileged place in speech rhetoric, and rhetorical sciences and techniques play an important role in the formation of language. According to the rules and principles of semantics, the role and importance of sentence types in conveying concepts can be examined. This sci Moreprivileged place in speech rhetoric, and rhetorical sciences and techniques play an important role in the formation of language. According to the rules and principles of semantics, the role and importance of sentence types in conveying concepts can be examined. This science divides sentence types into news and composition and studies them in terms of secondary meanings. In this research, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner and using library sources, the author intends to study the rhetorical aspects of Shahnameh letters with the approach of the position of news and compositional sentences and has reached the conclusion that in fiction and There are many Persian epics, roles and letters that are not comparable to the letters of Ferdowsi Shahnameh and the number of 250 letters used in Shahnameh is proof of this claim. These letters are mostly used in two parts: heroism and history, and Ferdowsi's goal is not only to convey the thoughts and wishes of their sender; Rather, each is an opportunity for the sage to use innovation and diversity; Sometimes quotes parts of the story from the language of the letter writer; Sometimes, by expressing one's feelings in one's own language, Shuri speaks in order to find an opportunity to pay homage to the characters of the epic heroes, and without his presence casting a shadow over the events, he conveys his analyzes and even messages to the audience and in a word The letters are the full mirror of the Shahnameh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Investigating the rhetorical intentions of news and essayism in the enchanting couplets of Bordokhoni
Sayyid Niamuddin Hosseini Seyyed Mahmoud Seyed Sadeghi Shams Alhajieh ArdalaniMeftun has effectively used rhetorical tools, especially semantics, in his couplets, songs and lyrical romances. In this research, the role of semantics in the transmission of poetic ideas in the enchanted couplets has been investigated in order to identify that when he MoreMeftun has effectively used rhetorical tools, especially semantics, in his couplets, songs and lyrical romances. In this research, the role of semantics in the transmission of poetic ideas in the enchanted couplets has been investigated in order to identify that when he wants to implicitly turn to advice and teaching in his lyrical and romantic couplets, What kind of sentences did he use and how did he use them to convey the intended themes to the audience in the best way. By using the science of meanings and its appropriate tools such as interrogative, informative and imperative sentences in an effective way, Muftun has succeeded in conveying poetic concepts and themes to his audience, and at the same time, in this way, the presence of the audience in the context of the text. It has also shown more prominently. Examining these sentences and their secondary purposes is very necessary to understand his thoughts. By examining the type of sentences used in didactic verses and their secondary purposes and meanings, it is determined how to connect the lyrical language of Mofotun with his educational goals these poems. In this research, the authors have investigated this category of sentences and their secondary meanings in a descriptive-analytical way and library tools, and the salient points of three topics of the science of semantics, i.e. imperative and informational interrogative sentences and their role and influence in The effective transmission of the poet's themes in the lyrical and romantic song has been described and explained Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The effect of aerobic training with two different intensities on body composition, aerobic capacity, and salivary hormones of overweight men
Ebrahim Safari Alireza Elmieh Maryam Safari mina safari -
Open Access Article
114 - The effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and Anethum herbal supplementation on lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease in inactive obese men
Ardeshir Zafari Taher Jalili -
Open Access Article
115 - The Effect of Concurrent Aerobic and Pilates Training on Body Composition and Glucose Hemostasis on Obese Non-Menopausal Women
Kimia Poornoruz Sara JafariIntroduction: The prevalence of obesity and overweight is very high in the north of Iran, it is a signal of serious health problems and should be the focus of special attention. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of concurrent aerobic and Pilat MoreIntroduction: The prevalence of obesity and overweight is very high in the north of Iran, it is a signal of serious health problems and should be the focus of special attention. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of concurrent aerobic and Pilates exercises on body composition and glucose homeostasis in obese non-menopausal women. Material & Methods: 28 eligible women were randomly divided into experimental (EG), and control groups (CG). The training protocol consisted of two sessions per week, and each session was 90 minutes of aerobic and Pilates exercises. body mass index (BMI), The Waist-to-hip Ratio (WHR), body fat percent (BF%), fasting blood sugar(FBS), body obesity index, muscle mass, insulin, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance(HOMA-IR) were measured before and after 12 weeks exercise training. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in subcutaneous fat (%), WHR, and Insulin in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test (p0.05). Conclusion: Concurrent aerobic and Pilates training programs probably improve body composition indices, and decrease serum insulin in obese women with normal blood glucose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Effects of exercise intervention to improve body composition and chemerin in middle-aged overweight women
Mohsen Salesi Shakiba Gani -
Open Access Article
117 - Investigation And Evaluation Of Monetary Policy Transmission Channels In The Iranian Economy
Parisa Rafiei Shamsabadi Gholamali Haji seysd fakhrodin Fakhr HosseiniMonetary policy plays an important role in managing the economy, but success in applying this policy requires that the monetary authority understands the process of monetary transmission in the economy. Thus, it is not possible to study the effects of monetary policy on MoreMonetary policy plays an important role in managing the economy, but success in applying this policy requires that the monetary authority understands the process of monetary transmission in the economy. Thus, it is not possible to study the effects of monetary policy on the economy without studying the channels of monetary policy transmission. Therefore, in this paper, the effect of a monetary policy through different channels of monetary policy transmission on inflation and production in terms of time process and extent of effectiveness by using Iran's data over the period of (1960 to 2018) through the method of new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium have been investigated. The accuracy of the model was confirmed by analysing the impulse-response functions and calculating the method of moments of the second order. The results of the model show that the effects of monetary policy shock are transmitted through the nominal growth rate of money, the real exchange rate on inflation and production without oil. Also, this effects by increasing the interest rates on bank deposits through the monetary base lead to increase production without oil, and through the monetary base, the exchange rate and the price index of domestic goods reduce inflation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of extracted essential oils of Piper nigrum and Artemisia khorassanica on Trogoderma granarium (Col.: Dermestidae)
Siavash Tirgari A. Rahimzadeh S. Imani Y. FathipourThe Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), is a serious pest of cereal grains such as wheat. In the present research, the lethal and sublethal effects of essential oils (EOs) from Piper nigrum L. and Artemisia khorassanica Podl. were MoreThe Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), is a serious pest of cereal grains such as wheat. In the present research, the lethal and sublethal effects of essential oils (EOs) from Piper nigrum L. and Artemisia khorassanica Podl. were determined against 1st instar larvae of T. granarium. To study the sublethal effects, 1st instar larvae were exposed to the LC30 of each EO, and the life table parameters of the surviving insects were assessed. Artemisia khorassanica (LC50: 39.88 μl/liter air) had higher fumigant toxicity for T. granarium when compared to P. nigrum (LC50: 71.46 μl/liter air). Furthermore, the insecticidal effects of A. khorassanica (LT50: 13.51 h) were faster than P. nigrum (LT50: 15.75 h). Significant differences in the larval and pupal durations were observed in the EO treatments when compared to the control. In addition, the exposure to sublethal concentration of the EOs tested significantly reduced immature survival rate, adult longevity and fecundity. The net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) was significantly affected by EOs tested being lowest in the insects exposed to A. khorassanica. According to our findings, both EOs tested, especially A. khorassanica, are useful for the effective control of T. granarium in warehouses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Toxicity and sub-lethal effects of Vitex agnus-castus L. essential oil as a Juvenile hormone analog on Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
Siavash Tirgari A. R. Rahimzadeh سهراب imani Y. Fathi purThe Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is a serious pest of grains such as wheat. In the present study, the lethal and sub-lethal effects of Vitex agnus-castus L. essential oil were studied against T. granarium first instar larvae. To i MoreThe Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is a serious pest of grains such as wheat. In the present study, the lethal and sub-lethal effects of Vitex agnus-castus L. essential oil were studied against T. granarium first instar larvae. To investigate the sub-lethal effects, the first instar larvae were exposed to the LC30 concentration of the essential oil and the biological parameters of the surviving insects were determined. Vitex agnus-castus essential oil had high fumigant toxicity for first-instar larvae of T. granarium (LC50: 132.14 µl/L air). In addition, V. agnus-castus L. had low mortality time (LT50: 17.27 h), indicating rapid effects of the compound. The larval period of individuals who came from first instar larvae exposed to V. agnus-castus essential oil was significantly longer than control. Also, exposure to the sub-lethal concentration of the tested essential oil significantly reduced the survival of the immature stages, adults’ longevity, and reproduction of adult females. The net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) in the population came from larvae exposed to the essential oil of V. agnus-castus essential oil were 4.02 eggs/female, 0.016 day-1 and 1.016 day-1, respectively, that was significantly lower than the control population (27.55 eggs/female, 0.055 day-1 and 1.056 day-1, respectively). Also, the mean generation time of the essential oil-treated population was about 22 days longer than the control population. According to our findings, V. agnus-castus essential oil is highly toxic to T. granarium larvae and appears to contain a Juvenile hormone analog that is useful for effective control of T. granarium populations in storage systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Petrochemical Characteristics of Neogene and Quaternary Alkali Olivine Basalts from the Western Margin of the Lut Block, Eastern Iran
S. Saadat M. H. Karimpour Ch. SternThe Nayband strike-slip fault forms the western margin of the micro-continental Lut block in Eastern Iran. Neogene and Quaternary mafic volcanic rocks collected near Tabas, along the northern part of the fault (NNF; 15 Ma), and further to the south, along the middle par MoreThe Nayband strike-slip fault forms the western margin of the micro-continental Lut block in Eastern Iran. Neogene and Quaternary mafic volcanic rocks collected near Tabas, along the northern part of the fault (NNF; 15 Ma), and further to the south, along the middle part of the fault (MNF; 2 Ma), are within-plate sodic-series alkali olivine basalts with high TiO2 and up to >16% normative nepheline. Their high MgO, Ni and Cr contents indicate that they crystallized from relatively primitive magmas. Their low La/Nb and Ba/Nb ratios are similar to oceanic island basalts (OIB) and unlike convergent plate boundary arc basalts (IAB). These alkali olivine basalts show enrichment in LREE relative to HREE and limited variation in Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic values which all plot in the range of OIB. Ce/Pb (>39), Nb/U (44-120) and P2O5/K2O (~0.4) ratios suggest that crustal contamination was not significant for MNF basalts. The data may be interpreted as indicating the participation of upwelling mantle asthenosphere and the deeper continental mantle lithosphere in the generation of these basalts. They formed by generally low, but variable degrees of partial mantle melting, which decreased with time from 15 Ma NNF relative to2 Ma MNF basalts. The small volume of melts that formed the MNF basalts rose to the surface along the deep Nayband strike-slip fault with no interaction with the continental crust. The larger volume of NNF basalts interacted to some degree with the crust and are associated with basaltic andesites and andesites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Mineralogical and geochemical investigations of chromite ores from ophiolite complexes of SE Iran in terms of chrome spinel composition
Jamal Tarrah Zahra Abedpour Karl Strauss Thomas Schirmer Kurt MengelTen chromite ores from ophiolite complexes in SE Iran were analyzed mineralogically by XRD, chemically by XRF, and mineral chemistry by EPMA. The identified paragenesis of silicate minerals of chromite ores with the X-ray diffraction is pronounced differently. It consis MoreTen chromite ores from ophiolite complexes in SE Iran were analyzed mineralogically by XRD, chemically by XRF, and mineral chemistry by EPMA. The identified paragenesis of silicate minerals of chromite ores with the X-ray diffraction is pronounced differently. It consists of secondary phases formed as serpentine, Cr-containing chlorite (kaemmererite), chromic garnet (uarovite) with preserved partly primary minerals of peridotite parent rocks such as olivine and diopside. From the total chemical analysis by XRF results, a good correlation exists between the Cr2O3 and SiO2 content (as an index of the sum of the silicate minerals). This allows an easy decision for mine ability of chrome ores. In a relatively good correlation are also the Mg and Fe oxide contents. The mineral chemisty (EPMA analysis ) of spimel mineral provides valuable information about the the octahedral layer of the spinel,. The results of the microprobe analysis show a variation in the chemical composition of the spinel phase of a mixed crystal formation consisting of: chromite (Fe2+Cr2O4), magnesiochromite (MgCr2O4), spinel (MgAl2O4), and hercynite (Fe2+Al2O4). This becomes even more complex by the mixed crystal relationship with picotite [(Mg, Fe2+)(Cr,Al,Fe3+)2O4], which contains Fe3+ in the tetrahedral position. The chrome spinel vary inCr-numbers [100 ×(Cr / Cr + Al) = 75-92] and Mg-numbers [100 * (Mg / Mg + Fe2+) = 38-57]. The partition of iron between Fe3+ und Fe2+ was made by assuming normal spinel structure, using the formula AB2O4. Correlations of microprobe analysis indicate that the mineral chemistry of the studied spinel is characterized mainly by the divalent elements of Mg and Fe2+ in the A position and trivalent elements Cr and Al in the B position. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - The effect of examining the correlation of traits and decomposition into main components, cycocel and micronutrients, on the model of stress indicators, physiological traits, oxidant enzymes, yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays cv. Sc 704) u
Seyed nouradin Ghaffari khalaf Mohammadi Alireza Shokufar Mani Mojaddam Shahram Lak aziz afarineshThis study was carried out in the two crop years of 2016 and 2017 at Safi Abad Research Center. The experiment was conducted as a factorial split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design with four replications. The main factor of the experiment was to cut MoreThis study was carried out in the two crop years of 2016 and 2017 at Safi Abad Research Center. The experiment was conducted as a factorial split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design with four replications. The main factor of the experiment was to cut off irrigation at three levels (control), cut off irrigation at the stage Silking and cut off irrigation at the stage Blister and the secondary factor wascycocel zero, 442.5 and 885 mg/l Micronutrients were zero, 1000 and 1500 gr/ha and control. The correlation results of the assessed traits with each other were determined, seed yield with plant height, number of seeds per cob, thousand seed weight had a significant positive correlation with hydrogen peroxidase, malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage rate, catalase activity, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and proline in leaves showed a significant negative correlation, the highest positive correlation was related to the number of seeds in the cob (0.893) and the highest negative correlation was from electrolyte leakage (-0.945) and hydrogen peroxide. (-0.854) was observed. The placement process of different amounts of micronutrients and cycocel was determined; So that different levels of micronutrients tend to be more towards the center; And consumption of 1000 gr/ha tends to zone III and the zone where yield and yield components are located. In general, it was found that foliar spraying with concentrations of 1500 gr/ha of micronutrients and 885 mg/l of cycocel by reducing the negative effects of stress, could be suitable treatments to increase tolerance toin corn stress at the end of the season. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Hydrogen solar fuel generation from photocatalytic decomposition of H2S-containing media via nanostructured solid-solution semiconductor
M Ghanimati Sh Afshari M Lashgari -
Open Access Article
124 - A Survey on Song Composing in Persian Literature
Mohammad Amin Mohammad poorThe song literally means wisdom and fresh originated from Avestan root “Teoroneh.” This word is a general term referred to the types or forms of poetry and music, especially, quatrains and “fahlaviat”. According to the ancient origins of the son MoreThe song literally means wisdom and fresh originated from Avestan root “Teoroneh.” This word is a general term referred to the types or forms of poetry and music, especially, quatrains and “fahlaviat”. According to the ancient origins of the song, the most ancient Persian poetry is found in this genre. Composed by Zoroaster which is recorded in the "GATT", songs are considered as the first of Iranians literary glimmer. The present study is a descriptive analysis of songs by focusing on the definition of speech, rhymes and features that songwriter applied in the constitution epoch of Iran. This paper reviews music, language and theme which can be found in songs of that period. In the eighth and ninth centuries AH the term ballad was used interchangeably with lyrics and song while it was referred as composing the music. Later, the term song was referred to words in music and singing. Song, of the tenth century onwards, refers to the poem accompanied with music containing prosodic weight and sometimes it has, more or less, rhyme. One of its most striking features of song is its aptitude of being composed. Song has been frequently consistent with prosodic lyrics until Safavid period. Song in its modern form is a reward or product of Constitutional Revolution in Iran. It has a simple and intimate language and its themes are usually popular, folk and emotional. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Secondary meaning of rhetorical sentences of the second book of Masnavi Ma'navi (interjection)
Ziba Mosadegh Mehrjardi Azizallah Tavakoli kafiabad Hadi HeydariniaThe role and importance of all kinds of rhetorical sentences in transition of theosophical concepts is very significant, and Molana like the other famous theosophists in order to teach and express theosophical experiences and emotions, has employed various linguistic to MoreThe role and importance of all kinds of rhetorical sentences in transition of theosophical concepts is very significant, and Molana like the other famous theosophists in order to teach and express theosophical experiences and emotions, has employed various linguistic tools like rhetorical sentences with spiritual concepts. It is obvious that rhetorical sentence is one the most important elements of theosophical language. In the present paper, it has been tried to diversify these sentences in great Masnavi through library and analytical methods; by studying the use of interjection methods which are the most important categories of rhetorical sentence. According to each of the spiritual meanings, the view of experts is analyzed and collected. Spiritual meanings of interjection of the second book of Masnavi according to frequency, are as follow: reverence and admiration, punishment and reprehension, guidance and training, praying and praise, supplication and litigation, prohibition and regression, abhorrence and disgust, kindness and affection, wondering and notification. The author also intends to separate various kinds of interjection which have their own spiritual meanings and phrases that come with interjection which contains the secondary meaning. Accordingly, the new categories are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Airport Human Resource Excellence Model (Comparative Approach)
Ali Yaghoubipoor Ali JafariIn the last decade, the aviation industry in the world has been considered as one of the most important axes of development and growth of developed and developing countries and has a special place in the economic, social, cultural and technological development programs MoreIn the last decade, the aviation industry in the world has been considered as one of the most important axes of development and growth of developed and developing countries and has a special place in the economic, social, cultural and technological development programs of developed and developing countries.This study was conducted to develop a model of airport human resource excellence (comparative approach). This research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of qualitative approach and especially metacombination approach. In terms of research methodology, Sandlowski and Barroso seven-step method has been used and to achieve a comprehensive model of human resource excellence, seven steps must be taken and finally the model of airport human resource excellence (comparative approach) was identified. In order to check the validity of the content validity model based on the opinion of experts and for the reliability of the model, the kappa index was used and reported to an acceptable level. In order to determine the concepts and codes, after reviewing different models in reputable domestic and foreign scientific sites, as well as reviewing different texts and books, after identifying 35 different models, 21 models were selected and analyzed. The results of the analysis are 69 adaptive codes and 15 concepts (airport leadership and specialized management, airport human resource maintenance, airport human resource organization, airport human resource management, airport human resource provision, airport human resource planning and strategy, Development of airport staff career, application of airport human resources, change and integrated use of human resource management, functional results of airport human resource management, environmental and perceptual results of airport staff, safety and health results of airport customers, social results and union reactions, organizational results and productivity Airport, identified the cultural and structural results of airport human resources) and finally the research model was presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Cubic NiO Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Characterization
A.A. Dehno Khalaji D. Das J.S. Matalobos F. Gharib -
Open Access Article
128 - Review and Study of Achilla milefollium Essential oil Compounds in Various Stages of Development
fateme zandi toghan giti barzin SANAZ SIAHLOOMilfoil with the scientific name Achillea Millefolium is perennial ,stable plant from Asteraceae family. this plant grows in different parts of Iran and world. milfoil mainly containing of essential oils, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins and have various health benefit MoreMilfoil with the scientific name Achillea Millefolium is perennial ,stable plant from Asteraceae family. this plant grows in different parts of Iran and world. milfoil mainly containing of essential oils, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins and have various health benefits. due to the extensive use of essential oils of milfoil in indifferent field of medicine, cosmetic and nutrition ,it was also suggested that the chemical compounds available in this plant could be identified in various stages of plant development. Methodology: Achillea millefolium had collected during the prior stage of flowering ,after that and fruiting stage of Dizin region in Tehran province from second half of July to the early August in 2014.the samples essential oil after completely drying the plant was extracted using by Clevenger apparatus after with water distillation method and essential percentage determination of each sample, the Gas chromatography (GC( and the Gas chromatography connected the mass spectrometry )GC/MS( to identify qualitative and quantitative combination of essential oil constituent was used. normal alkans consist of the most combination of plant essential in each 3 stage before the flowering ,flowering and fruiting which the percentage of this combination was mentioned during 3 stages 46/8%,42/1%,32/4% of the total essential components respectively..in flowering and fruiting stages also ,the oxygenation monoterpene 8 Cinoel -1 has the most abundant after nonadekan composition. based on similarity of the available percentage matter ,the essential before flowering has more alignment than the essential flowering . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Combining Iranian troops and military centers during the Qajar period(lunar1268-1292)
mehdi khanizadehIn the Qajar era are due to territorial disputes with neighboring countries and internal insecurity, meant to strengthen the military, be considered. Following this purpose, the government was forced to use military official addition, the clans soldiers in times of war, MoreIn the Qajar era are due to territorial disputes with neighboring countries and internal insecurity, meant to strengthen the military, be considered. Following this purpose, the government was forced to use military official addition, the clans soldiers in times of war, to serve. This approach archival research, analytical plans to design new topics in the field of Qajar era of military documents And using the information content of 10,000 documents of Astan Quds Razavi leaf, Military centers, geographical distribution and composition of Iranian troops during the period 1268 to 1292 to examine lunar The results show that the main stream of Iranian troops, despite the inefficient it is based on tribal forces And yet the systematic internal organization, which in the meantime have the highest concentration of troops in the regions of Azerbaijan and Khorasan were the strategic location. The Iraqi state of Ajim also has the largest number of small military units for the sake of its size. the total Qajar Qajar rank is divided into ten toman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Shahnameh of social and political needs of the Samanid’s era
sara okhravi Javad HeraviAbstract :Shahnameh is the glorious heritage of Iranian poetry and historiography, which can be considered as a rewriting of the poetry of the history of the ancients. This great work, more than anything else, contains the national narratives of Iranian history and is b MoreAbstract :Shahnameh is the glorious heritage of Iranian poetry and historiography, which can be considered as a rewriting of the poetry of the history of the ancients. This great work, more than anything else, contains the national narratives of Iranian history and is based on the mythological which have been collected since ancient times and arranged during the Samanid’s era. In this research, an attempt to analyze the social, cultural and political effects of Ferdowsi era on the creation of Shahnameh is based on the intellectual current of Shahnameh prose writing from the Sassanid era to Shahnameh poetry in the Samanid period. Ferdowsi's goal is to elevate Iranian identity in relation to the past of ancient Iran. With eloquent language, he eagerly awakens social enthusiasm in the direction of rationality and protection of political and moral identity, so that these true historical narratives are believed in the general view and preserved with epic heat.The reasons for the emergence and continuation of this historical trend, especially Ferdowsi's treatment of the cultural heritage of ancient Iran in the form of the Shahnameh, is the expression of the problem in the present study. As this research aims to answer the basic question that Shahnameh can be considered the fruit of which intellectual context and what social and political conditions led to its composition?The research method in this article is analytical-descriptive and based on historical narrations.Key words : Xodāynāma ، Composition of Shāhnāma , Samanid’s Era, Ferdowsi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Application of Numerical Iterative Methods for Solving Benjamin-Bona-Mahony Equation
Shadan Sadigh behzadi -
Open Access Article
132 - Solving linear and nonlinear optimal control problem using modified adomian decomposition method
Ahmad Fakharian Mohammad Taghi Hamidi Beheshti -
Open Access Article
133 - Disguised Face Recognition by Using Local Phase Quantization and Singular Value Decomposition
Fatemeh Jafari Hamidreza Rashidy Kanan -
Open Access Article
134 - Identify the required features of the board of directors in state-owned banks
Yousef Mobini Dehkordi Mohammadreza Dalvi Isfahani Alireza Shirvani Jowzadani Abdolmajid Abdolbaghi AtaabadiSelection of members of the Board of Directors should be transparent, perspicuous, and based on an assessment of a variety of skills, competencies, experiences, and structure. Therefore the purpose of this research is to identify the required characteristics of board me MoreSelection of members of the Board of Directors should be transparent, perspicuous, and based on an assessment of a variety of skills, competencies, experiences, and structure. Therefore the purpose of this research is to identify the required characteristics of board members in state-owned banks. The nature of this exploratory research with an inductive approach and its philosophy is a developmentally oriented interpretation. Hence for this purpose, the qualitative method of data theory was used. Also statistical population was professors familiar with the field of finance, economics and management. Thus a combination of purposeful judgment and snowball method were also used to select the sample. Research data were collected from semi-structured interviews with twelve university professors. As a result of analyzing research data by open, axial and selective coding method, variables of size, composition and criterion of board selection were extracted as main features required of board members in state-owned banks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - An Integrated Approach for Facility Location and Supply Vessel Planning with Time Windows
Mohsen Amiri Seyed Jafar Sadjadi Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam Armin Jabbarzadeh -
Open Access Article
136 - Optimizing investment of pumped hydro storage system for renewable energy future
Zohreh Goudarzi Jafar Bagherinejad Majid Rafiee Amir Abolfazl Souratgar -
Open Access Article
137 - A Risk-averse Inventory-based Supply Chain Protection Problem with Adapted Stochastic Measures under Intentional Facility Disruptions: Decomposition and Hybrid Algorithms
Sajjad Jalali Mehdi Seifbarghy Seyed Taghi Akhavan Niaki -
Open Access Article
138 - A Benders-Decomposition and Meta-Heuristic Algorithm for a Bi- Objective Stochastic Reliable Capacitated Facility Location Problem Not Dealing with Benders Feasibility-Cut Stage
AmirHossien ZahediAnaraki Gholamreza Esmaeilian -
Open Access Article
139 - A Benders' Decomposition Method to Solve Stochastic Distribution Network Design Problem with Two Echelons and Inter-Depot Transportation
Vahid Reza ghezavati -
Open Access Article
140 - A Benders� Decomposition Approach for Dynamic Cellular Manufacturing System in the Presence of Unreliable Machines
Masoud Bagheri Saeed Sadeghi Mohammad Saidi-Mehrabad -
Open Access Article
141 - A Benders Decomposition Method to Solve an Integrated Logistics Network Designing Problem with Multiple Capacities
Nadieh Sodagari Ahmad Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
142 - Reconstruction of Gappy Data for Cavity Flow Using Gappy Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
Matin Hoseini Nader Montazerin Ghasem Akbari -
Open Access Article
143 - The Impact of Syntactic Teaching Model on Improving Students Creativity in Composition Lessons
Hossein Moameni Mahmouei Ahmad Reza AujineghadThe present research was conducted to determine the effect of Syntactics model of improving student's creativity in composition classes. A quasi-experimental design was used with 100 participants in the second grade of junior high school selected through cluster samplin MoreThe present research was conducted to determine the effect of Syntactics model of improving student's creativity in composition classes. A quasi-experimental design was used with 100 participants in the second grade of junior high school selected through cluster sampling. The instruments were a Torrance Creativity Test (Form B), Syntactics Teaching Model Checklist, and Data Collection Form for Group Matching. Independent T-test was used for data analysis through SPSS version 15 and the results indicate that the use Syntactics teaching model causes developments in student's creativity. Moreover, the application of this model brings about improvements in steam of consciousnesses, flexibility, ingenuity, and thought expansion. In a comparison between the scores obtained by different genders as a result of Syntactics based instruction on the experimental group, it was found that females outperformed males significantly in creativity, ingenuity, and expansion. However, there was no significant difference between them in terms of flexibility and stream of consciousness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - بررسی مقابلهای تاثیر گفتگوی مشارکتی هم سطح و نا هم سطح بر بیشرفت مهارت نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی
پرویز مفتون ناصر غفوریبزوهش حاضر به بررسی مقابله ای تاثیر گفتگوی دوطرفه بین زبان آموزان هم سطح و نا هم سطح بر مهارت نوشتاری آنان می بردازد. شصت دانشجوی دختررشته ی آموزش زبان انگلیسی در این بزوهش شرکت نمودند. شرکت کنندگان بر اساس نمرات آزمون بسامد زبان انگلیس به دو گروه تقسیم شدند. گروه هم سط Moreبزوهش حاضر به بررسی مقابله ای تاثیر گفتگوی دوطرفه بین زبان آموزان هم سطح و نا هم سطح بر مهارت نوشتاری آنان می بردازد. شصت دانشجوی دختررشته ی آموزش زبان انگلیسی در این بزوهش شرکت نمودند. شرکت کنندگان بر اساس نمرات آزمون بسامد زبان انگلیس به دو گروه تقسیم شدند. گروه هم سطح شامل چهارده دانشجو بود که با دانشجویان دیگری که سطح بسامد انگلیسی مشابهی داشتند به گفتگو و مشارکت می برداختند درحالیکه گروه نا هم سطح شامل شانزده دانشجوی ضعیف می شد که با افرادی با نمرات بالا تر گفتگو و همکاری می کردند. دانشجویان در هر دو گروه در یک بیش آزمون و سه بس آزمون نوشتاری شرکت کردند. به منظور مقایسه ی میانگین نمرات آزمون ها از روش آ ماری تحلیل واریانس و روش کمترین تفاوت معنی دار فیشر استفاده گردید. در هر دو گروه بطور مشابه افزایش معنی داری از بیش آزمون به هر سه بس آزمون مشاهده گردید. یافته های این بزوهش بر اساس نظریه ی اجتماعی فرهنگی ویگوتسکی توضیح داده می شوند. این بزوهش شامل چندین توصیه آموزشی مهم و نیز چندین بیشنهاد برای تحقیقات آینده می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Effect of perebiotic Bio-mos (Mannan Oligosaccharide) on some of growth indices, surviving and body composition of Cyprinius carpio
mahshid shamloofar reza akramiAbstractPresent study was done in order to evaluate the effect of Bio-mos (Mannan Oligosaccharide) as a kind of prebiotic on growth and survival of juvenile wild carp. This research was designed a completely randomized design in four levels of 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% bio-m MoreAbstractPresent study was done in order to evaluate the effect of Bio-mos (Mannan Oligosaccharide) as a kind of prebiotic on growth and survival of juvenile wild carp. This research was designed a completely randomized design in four levels of 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% bio-mos and in four treatment with three replicates. 35 carp juveniles with average weight of 10.8±0.4 gr. were stocked in each tank and fed during 8 weeks. The results of statistics analysis showed the positive effect of increasing level of bio-mos on some of the nutrition and growth indices like general weight (WG), special growth rate (SGR), condition factor (CF), and survival rate (SR) of wild carp. So that in the level of 0.6 % bio-mos, the amount of mentioned factors increased in comparison with other treatments. Results of this study showed that diets with 0.6 % supplementary bio-mos has effects on increasing of operation of growth and nutrition efficiency in wild carp. The results of chemical analysis of body composition did not show any significant differences between treatments. Also this prebiotic in level of 0.4 and 0.6 can be a suitable supplementary in the diet of wild carp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Effect of heat drying on the biochemical compound, quality and sensory properties of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Hadi AlemiAbstract[1] In this study, the biochemical composition, and quality and sensory properties of rainbow trout were studied by thermal drying process. For this purpose, the amount of moisture, protein, fat, ash and dried fish were measured and stored, as well as to th MoreAbstract[1] In this study, the biochemical composition, and quality and sensory properties of rainbow trout were studied by thermal drying process. For this purpose, the amount of moisture, protein, fat, ash and dried fish were measured and stored, as well as to the impact of this process on the composition of fatty acids, fatty acid profile of fresh fish and dried were determined. To evaluate the quality of tests measuring volatile nitrogenous bases, free fatty acids, pH and TBA were used. sensory properties were carried out in five Hedonic methods. The results showed that the drying rate from 16.70 to 28.89 percent protein and fat from 4.10 to 13.09 percent as reducing the amount of water during the drying of fish. Drying increases the saturated fatty acids and mono-unsaturated (4%) and a decrease in unsaturated fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated (26.7 percent), respectively. Drying temperature had a significant effect on the level of omega-3 fatty acids found in fish rainbow trout and its rate from 1.16 percent to 7.37 percent increase. During the drying of fish generally decreased during storage, this reduction was observed with greater intensity. The TBA from 0.032 to 1.065 varied TVBN rate and pH during storage showed a significantly increased. Free fatty acid content of fresh meat rainbow trout 0.36 percent during drying maintenance and 1.56, respectively, to 1.1 percent. Sensory characteristics of fish, most fish smell sensory factors except factor, fell slightly during drying during storage at refrigerator continued to decline. *-Corresponding Authors; rezkazemi2000@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Effect of betafin as a feed attractant on growth performance, survival, body composition and resistance to stress of Caspian Roach (Rutilus rutilus)
behruz ghabeliAbstract[1]Effect of dietary betain as a food attractant on growth, survival, body composition and resistance to stress in Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) were investigated for 8 weeks. 240 individuals of Caspian roach by the weight of 6.23±0.23 g and density of MoreAbstract[1]Effect of dietary betain as a food attractant on growth, survival, body composition and resistance to stress in Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) were investigated for 8 weeks. 240 individuals of Caspian roach by the weight of 6.23±0.23 g and density of 20/tank fed in fiberglass tanks. Four treatments of different levels of betain including 0 (control), 0. 5, 1.0 and 1.5 percent added to diet (contained 41.13% protein and 8.42% fat). At the end of the study, growth and feeding factors including final weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, survival rate, body composition and resistance to environmental stressors including thermal (40 oC), alkalinity (pH=12), acidity (pH=2) and salinity stress (150 g/lit) were assessed. According to the results, there were no significant differences in growth, feeding parameters and survival rate between fish fed control and betain supplementation diets (P>0.05). No significance difference was observed in lipid and ash carcass (P>0.05), but the highest of carcass protein was obtained in 1% betain (P<0.05). The longest surviving time against thermal stress (P>0.05) and acidity stress (P<0.05) were due to 1% of betain and highest rate in salinity stress was due to control (P<0.05) and highest survival rate after alkalinity stress was due to 0.5% betafin (P<0.05). Totally considering no significant differences in most parameters betain is not recommended to improve the growth, surviving and resistance to stress in roach juveniles. * Corresponding Authors; Email: b.ghabeli@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Comparison of the chemical composition and fatty acids profile of wild carp (Cyprinus carpio) in natural and cultivated environments
sara jorjaniAbstract[1]The present paper aimed at evaluating nutritional value and fatty acid profile of muscle textures of Caspian Sea wild carp and farmed wild carp. No significant differences were found between chemical composition indices (total lipid, crude protein, moisture a MoreAbstract[1]The present paper aimed at evaluating nutritional value and fatty acid profile of muscle textures of Caspian Sea wild carp and farmed wild carp. No significant differences were found between chemical composition indices (total lipid, crude protein, moisture and ash contents) (P>0.05). Following determination of fatty acid profiles in the Caspian Sea wild carp and farmed wild carp, fatty acid compositions in two groups of fish were found to be significantly different in terms of various fatty acid groups and ratios. In both fish, Palmitic acid (C16:0) and Oleic acid (C18:1 ω-9 cis) were found to be the most abundant saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, respectively. Saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) rates were estimated to be 26.71%, 52.57% and 17.68% in farmed wild carp and 22.78%, 40.53% and 25.06% in Caspian Sea wild carp, respectively. Oleic acid was significantly higher in farmed wild carp than the Caspian Sea one (P≤0.05). Linoleic acid (C18:2 ω-6) and decosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 ω-3) were the most abundant PUFA in farmed wild carp and Caspian Sea wild carps, respectively. ω-3 fatty acids were measured to be 15.79 and 6.16 gr/100 gr lipid in wild and farmed carps, respectively. ω-3 fatty acids content in Caspian sea wild carp was significantly higher than that of farmed wild carp (P≤0.05). ω-3/ω-6 ratio 1.69 and 0.76 in Caspian sea wild carps and farmed carps, respectively, that in both group exceeded the eligible rates proposed by nutritionists. PUFA/SFA ratios were 1.10 and 0.66 in Caspian sea wild carp and framed one, respectively; the rates exceeded the eligible rate (0.45) recommended by HMSO. Considering exceeding PUFA/SFA and ω-3/ω-6 ratios in both Caspian Sea wild carp and farmed wild carps, both fish were considered invaluable fisheries and nutritional resources. It is noteworthy that Caspian Sea wild carp is more nutritious than farmed counterparts thank to its higher rates of PUFA, ω-3, EPA+DHA, ω-3/ω-6 and PUFA/SFA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Explaining the establishment of suspension contracts from the perspective of Iranian jurisprudence and public law
mohammadhosein Sayahi gholamali seifi Rahim SayahSome Islamic jurists consider the suspension of contracts to be invalid by arguing for rational and narrative argument and the lack of establishment of contradictions and contradictions with the dogma of contracts. Considering that the purpose of the contractors is to e MoreSome Islamic jurists consider the suspension of contracts to be invalid by arguing for rational and narrative argument and the lack of establishment of contradictions and contradictions with the dogma of contracts. Considering that the purpose of the contractors is to establish the obligation and fulfill the effects according to the contract, so by accepting the suspension in the source and joining it to the punitive contracts, structuring and denying the beginning of the suspension in the contracts and deviating from realism and denying the beginning of the suspension in the contracts. It is possible. On the other hand, those who believe in this theory by descriptive-analytical method and by inductive proof of homogeneous examples of suspension of contracts in jurisprudence and administrative law and the presentation of compelling arguments such as necessity, rationalism and thinking in the common realization of suspended contracts and jurisprudence Administrative contracts were suspended in Iranian law and its applicability formulation was considered necessary.The result is that the coherence of religious criticism is allowed to explore the utilitarian theory of "suspension of contracts in administrative law" with the homogeneous critique of the logic of jurisprudence and law in legalism by changing attitudes to civil sociology and focusing on theorizing theory In contracts based on rationalism, it is necessary to avoid superficiality and independence of the legal system of thought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Proximate composition and protein electrophoresis pattern of muscle from black mouth croaker (Atrobucca nibe) in the Oman Sea
S.P Hosseini-Shekarabi S.E Hosseini مهدی Soltani ابولقاسم Kamali تورج Valinassab Black mouth croaker is considered as a new and valuable resource in the deepwater of the Oman Sea. This study describes the chemical proximate composition, the fatty acid profiles of the fish oil using gas chromatography and phosphorus element (colorimetric More Black mouth croaker is considered as a new and valuable resource in the deepwater of the Oman Sea. This study describes the chemical proximate composition, the fatty acid profiles of the fish oil using gas chromatography and phosphorus element (colorimetric method) of the fish muscle. Moreover, the pattern of protein using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was carried out. Proximate composition of the fillet was calculated in wet weight as follow: 79.32±0.299% moisture, 18.19±0.145% protein, 1.01±0.032% fat and 1.434±0.047% ash. The concentration of total saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were measured 39.54±0.272%, 37.66±0.161% and 23.56±0.369%, respectively. Among PUFA, concentration of DHA (9.43±0.345%) was obtained more than EPA (1.16±0.051%) (p<0.05). Phosphorus content was 260.73±0.134 mg/100 wet weight. Based on SDS-PAGE, the 11 protein bands in the range of 10 to 200 kDa were detected. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) showed the most dense band. According to high nutritional value and lean-flesh of black mouth croaker, this species may be appropriate for the production of frozen fillet and surimi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Association of Mercury, Cadmium and Arsenic bioaccumulation with the chemical compositions of Liza auratus muscle in Anzali Wetland
SH Janatmakan مهران Javaheri Baboli ابوالفضل Askary Sary محمد Velayatzadeh This study aimed to evaluate protein, fat and ash contents as well as the concentrations of As, Hg and Cd in muscle tissues of Liza auratus cached from Anzali Wetland. Eighteen samples of Liza auratus were collected using gill net. Heavy metals were extract More This study aimed to evaluate protein, fat and ash contents as well as the concentrations of As, Hg and Cd in muscle tissues of Liza auratus cached from Anzali Wetland. Eighteen samples of Liza auratus were collected using gill net. Heavy metals were extracted using wet digestion method and the concentrations were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Concentration of Hg, As and Cd in the muscle of mullet was 57.20±7.56, 97.29±13.27 and 200.80±31.39 µg/Kg. Moreover, the percentage (mean±SD) of protein, fat and ash in the muscle of the samples were determined as 17.69±0.42, 0.74±0.08 and 1.37±0.12%, respectively. The positive and significant relationship was observed between the concentration of Hg, As and Cd in the muscle of mullet (P<0.05). Besides, the highest correlation was found between Hg and As (R=0.982, R2=0.952, P < 0.05). Results also showed a relationship between concentrations of Hg, As and Cd with the chemical compositions of the muscle (P < 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - A study on the relationship of arsenic accumulation with protein, lipid, ash and moisture contents in muscle of eight species of fish in Iran
ابوالفضل Askary Sary محمد Velayatzadeh A comparative study was conducted to investigate a relationship between concentration of arsenic with protein, lipid, ash and moisture content in Cyprinus carpio, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Aristichthys nobilis, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idell More A comparative study was conducted to investigate a relationship between concentration of arsenic with protein, lipid, ash and moisture content in Cyprinus carpio, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Aristichthys nobilis, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Scomberomorus commerson, Scomberomorus guttatus and Otolithes ruber. A total of 72 sample of common carp, Bighead carp, silver carp and grass carp fishing from Azadegan fish farming center, Ahvaz; Rainbow trout from Cheshme Dimeh and Scomberomorus commerson, Scomberomorus guttatus and Otolithes ruber caught with gill netfrom Hendijan. Wet-digestion method was performed prior to arsenic determination in the samples. The level of arsenic was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that concentration of arsenic in the muscle of fishes was 269.87 ± 20.96 µg/Kg. Moreover, levels of protein, lipid, ash and moisture in the samples were estimated at 19.67±0.78 g/100, 2.45±0.45 g/100, 1.49±0.23 g/100, 78±1.89 g/100, respectively. Results also showed a positive correlation between the accumulation of arsenic in muscle of fishes with levels of protein, lipid, ash and moisture (p<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - The Effect of Zinc Magnesium Aspartate (ZMA) Supplementation on Body Composition and One Repetition Maximum in Sprinters
Eskandar Rahimi Saeed Abedi Sarah HojjatiIntroduction: Athletes use supplements to enhance their maximal performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of zinc magnesium aspartate (ZMA) supplements on the body composition and strength of male sprinters. Materials & MethodsIn this experimental stud MoreIntroduction: Athletes use supplements to enhance their maximal performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of zinc magnesium aspartate (ZMA) supplements on the body composition and strength of male sprinters. Materials & MethodsIn this experimental study, sixteen sprinters (21-28 years old) were randomly divided into control and supplement (ZMA) groups. Control and supplement groups received dextrose and ZMA, respectively, for 8 weeks. Body composition and 1-RM of the upper body (dumbbell flat bench press and standing barbell biceps curl) and lower body (leg press machine, the lying hamstring curl with a weight machine, and leg extensions) were examined before and after 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using dependent and independent T-tests. ResultsThere was no significant difference between pre and post-intervention in control and supplement groups in body weight (Kg), body mass index (Kg/m2), body fat %, body fat (kg), fat-free mass (Kg) (p˃0.05). 1RM increased significantly post-intervention compared to pre-intervention in the supplement group (p=0. 005) but not in the control group (p= 0.02). 1RM in the upper and lower body increased significantly in the supplement group compared to the control in post-intervention (p=0.04, p= 0.03, respectively).Conclusion: According to the research findings, ZMA supplement did not improve the body composition of sprinter athletes. It can probably lead to an increase in 1RM in sprinters' lower and upper limbs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - The Effect of Eight Weeks of Anaerobic Interval Training on the Body Composition Indices of Inactive Obese Women
Elham Elahi Mehran Ghahramani Parisa BanaeiIntroduction: In recent years, the prevalence of obesity and overweight among untrained men and women has grown significantly and has now become a serious problem in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of anaerobic interval trainin MoreIntroduction: In recent years, the prevalence of obesity and overweight among untrained men and women has grown significantly and has now become a serious problem in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of anaerobic interval training on body composition indices in inactive obese women. Materials and methods: As an applied research, the present quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design was conducted with two groups of anaerobic interval training and control, in which data were collected through a field study. The statistical sample of the study included 24 obese women over 40 years of age who were assigned into two groups including anaerobic interval training group and control group. Anaerobic interval training was performed for 8 weeks, 5 sessions per week and 25 minutes per session. Before the start of the study and 48 hours after the last training session, body fat percentage, body fat mass, lean body mass and body mass index were measured. Statistical analysis of the findings was performed using independent and dependent samples t-test at a significance level of P <0.05. Findings: Eight weeks of anaerobic interval training has a significant effect on reducing body fat percentage and body mass index as well as increasing lean body mass (P≥0.05). Conclusion: It seems that eight weeks of anaerobic interval training improves the body composition of inactive obese women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - The Effect of Eight Weeks of Resistance Training on the Quality of Work Life and Body Composition in Female Physicians
azita bordbar vahid rafiee amin rayatIntroduction: Quality of work life refers to the satisfaction of employees with different needs through resources, activities and the results of being at work. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on the quality of wo MoreIntroduction: Quality of work life refers to the satisfaction of employees with different needs through resources, activities and the results of being at work. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on the quality of work life and body composition in female physicians. Materials and methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 female general practitioners referring to Shiraz Guard Sports Club were selected as the statistical sample and were divided into training and control groups. The training group performed resistance training for eight weeks and three sessions per week. Also, the control group had only their daily activities during this period. Before training and 24 hours after the last training session, body composition was measured by the body composition device and quality of work life by the Walton Quality of Life Questionnaire. Shapiro-Wilk, independent and dependent t-tests were used to analyze the findings (P≥0.05). Findings: There were significant differences in changes in total body water (P=0.27), protein mass (P=0.24), mineral mass (P=0.09), net body mass (P=0.97), fat mass (P=0.84) and no quality of work life (P=0.23) was seen in the training and control groups in the post-test compared to the pre-test. Conclusion: It seems that the resistance training protocol of the present study does not have a significant effect on improving the quality of work life and body composition of physicians. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Comparison of three training methods of working with weights, aerobics, TRX on the body composition of women in Sadra city
sama zarei Ghobad Hassanpour marya rahmanighobadiObesity and inactivity are the main causes of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; Although the role of physical activity on people's health has been reported, the type of exercise and the most favorable method of physical activity on improving body composition are st MoreObesity and inactivity are the main causes of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; Although the role of physical activity on people's health has been reported, the type of exercise and the most favorable method of physical activity on improving body composition are still of interest to researchers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare three methods of aerobic exercise, traditional resistance and TRX on the body composition of women in Sadra city. In this applied research, 24 women with an age range of 27 to 32 years and a weight range of 60 to 65 kg were selected as a statistical sample and randomly divided into groups of (1) aerobic exercise, (2) resistance exercise and (3) exercise TRX were split. Then, the subjects of each group performed the selected exercises for three sessions a week and each session lasted 40 to 60 minutes during the eight-week period. Body fat percentage, mineral mass, body protein mass, body water percentage and net body mass were measured in the pre-test and post-test of the research by BOCAX1 body composition evaluation device made in South Korea. It seems that the three methods of training did not have a significant difference in changing the body composition of women; Also, the factor of time and the number of training sessions along with daily calorie evaluation have been very important factors in the results of this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - The Effect of Pilates Training along with Saffron Consumption on Body Composition of Female
Setareh Sharafi Ghobad Hassanpour Mehdi NouraAbstract Introduction: Nutrition and exercise are two factors affecting weight control. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of selected Pilates trainings with saffron consumption on body composition of female. Materials and Methods: In thi MoreAbstract Introduction: Nutrition and exercise are two factors affecting weight control. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of selected Pilates trainings with saffron consumption on body composition of female. Materials and Methods: In this quasi- experimental study, 32 non-athlete female volunteers were divided into four groups of eight based on body weight, including 1) training, 2) saffron, 3) training + saffron and 4) placebo. Groups 1 and 3 performed Pilates trainings for 3 sessions per week . Each session lasted 60 minutes. Groups 2 and 3 consumed capsules containing 30 mg of saffron daily, and groups 4 received capsules containing placebo for 8 weeks. In the pre- test and 72 hours after the last training session and saffron consumption, the body composition of the subjects was measured using the BOCA X1 body composition device made in South Korea. To analyze the data, Shapiro- Wilk test, one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s post- hoc test were used (P≤0.05). Findings: Pilates training, saffron consumption and Pilates training with saffron consumption had a significant effect on reducing the percentage of fat mass, increasing the percentage of total body fluid and the percentage of lean body mass (P=0.001). Also Pilates training with saffron consumption compared to consumption of saffron had a favorable effect on reducing the percentage of body fat mass (P=0.01) and increasing the percentage of total body fluid (P=0.009). Discussion: Although Pilates training and saffron consumption alone improve body composition, it seems that Pilates training combined with saffron consumption has more favorable effects than saffron. Keywords: Pilates Training, Saffron, Body Composition Extended abstract Introduction The development of machine facilities, on one hand, has led to a better life and more leisure, and on the other hand, has reduced physical activity. This has led people to take an inactive life and has created a noticeable lack of movement in human life (1). Pilates is an exercise system founded in 1930 by Joseph Pilates. Today, what has made this unknown sport a complementary sport to the public and even home is the excellent performance of this sport and its application to all people of all ages and genders from a professional athlete to a housewife and its special condition like pregnancy (8). In addition to physical activity, one of the factors that can affect body composition is controlling and managing food intake. Some medical plants are more popular in today's society due to their weight loss effects. Saffron has been used as a well-known drug to treat many diseases throughout history and in different nationalities (3). Numerous therapeutic properties have been mentioned for saffron and its active ingredients, including anti-depressant, anti-anxiety and hypnotic effects, anti-seizure, muscle relaxant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti- Alzheimer's, and anti-tumor and antitussives. Today, the use of natural and traditional supplements to perform sports skills better by improving body composition and increasing strength has become very popular. Considering the popularity and prevalence of Pilates in Iran in the last decade and the high tendency of people in this sport, especially in Iranian women, and the lack of studies on the interactive effects of Pilates training and crocin consumption on body composition, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Pilates along with saffron consumption on body composition of female. Material and methods In this quasi-experimental study, 32 non-athlete women with mean age of 33±3.28 years were selected as the statistical sample. Inclusion criteria included no smoking, no cardiovascular disease and no weight loss drugs. At the beginning of the research, the informed consent form was completed by all subjects. Then, after measuring the demographic characteristics, the subjects were divided into four groups of eight based on body weight including 1) training, 2) saffron, 3) training + saffron and 4) placebo. During eight weeks, groups 2 and 3 consumed capsules containing 30 mg of saffron extract daily and group 4 consumed capsules containing placebo (13). Also groups 1 and 3 performed Pilates trainings for 3 sessions per week and 60 minutes each session (14). Each Pilates session consisted of 10 minutes of light warm- up, 15 minutes of stretching, 25 minutes of specialized exercises, and 10 minutes of cooling down. Before starting the research in the pre- test and 72 hours after the last training session and consumption of saffron, the body composition of the subjects was measured using the BOCA X1 body composition made in South Korea (2). Shapiro- Wilk, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post- hoc tests were used to analyze the data (P≤0.05). Findings The results showed that the percentage of the body fat mass in training, saffron and training + saffron groups compared to the control group in the post- test had a significant decrease than that of the pre-test (P=0.001). Also, the percentage of body fat mass in the training group + saffron in comparison with the saffron group in the post- test had a significant decrease than that of the pre- test (P=0.01). Percentage of total body fluid in the training + saffron group compared to the saffron group in the post- test had a significant increase compared to the pre- test (P=0.009). The percentage of lean body mass in the training, saffron and training + saffron groups compared to the control group in the post- test had a significant increase than the pre- test (P=0.001). The results also showed that the percentage of body fat mass in the training, saffron and training + saffron groups in the post- test was significantly reduced compared to the pre- test (P=0.001); Percentage of total body fluid in the training + saffron group in the post- test increased significantly compared to the pre- test (P=0.001). Also, the percentage of lean body mass in the training, saffron and training + saffron groups in the post- test significantly increased compared to the pre- test (P=0.001). Discussion The results of the present study showed that eight weeks of Pilates training significantly reduced the percentage of body fat mass and increased the percentage of lean body mass. Consistent with the present study, eight weeks of Pilates training resulted in a reduction in body fat percentage, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and abdominal fat (15). Regarding the use of exercises to control weight and body composition in women, it should be stated that due to the increasing prevalence of overweight in women and its consequences in adulthood, the use of an appropriate exercise to control weight and body composition is necessary. In fact, exercise can control weight and body composition by increasing calorie consumption. Also, the results of the present study showed that eight weeks of saffron consumption led to a significant reduction in the percentage of body fat mass and an increase in the percentage of lean body mass. To confirm the beneficial effects of saffron consumption, Hooshmand Moghadam and Gaini (2018) reported that daily consumption of 150 mg saffron led to a decrease in body fat percentage (12). It has been pointed out that the effects of saffron are due to the active ingredients of saffron, especially flavonoids (crocetin and crocin) as well as polyphenolic compounds, so that these substances can increase the antioxidant defense system (12). Regarding the interactive effects, the findings of the present study showed that Pilates training along with saffron consumption led to a significant decrease in the percentage of body fat mass and also a significant increase in the percentage of total body fluid and lean body mass. In addition, training along with saffron had a greater effect on reducing the percentage of body fat mass and increasing the percentage of total body fluid. Regarding these findings, it can be concluded that performing Pilates training along with saffron consumption has more favorable effects on body composition than saffron consumption alone. Conclusion Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that although Pilates training and saffron consumption alone lead to improved body composition, Pilates training combined with saffron consumption seems to have more favorable effects than saffron. Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines All subjects full fill the informed consent. Funding No funding. Authors' contributions Design and conceptualization: Setareh Sharafi, Ghobad Hassanpour; Methodology and data analysis: Setareh Sharafi; Supervision and final writing: Ghobad Hassanpour. Conflicts of interest The authors declared no conflict of interest. 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Open Access Article
158 - Electrochemical properties of iron oxide nanoparticles as an anode for Li-ion batteries
Mohammad Golmohammad Farhad Golestanifard Alireza Mirhabibi -
Open Access Article
159 - The effects of different molten salt composition on morphology and purity of ZrB2 powder obtained via direct molten salt reaction method
mohammad velashjerdi Hossien sarpoolaky Alireza Mirhabibi -
Open Access Article
160 - Evaluation of fire effect on distribution of vegetation using ordination method, Case study: Bazzakhstan Strait in Kermanshah Province
saeideh karimi Hassan Pourbabaei Yahya KhodakaramiFire is an inseparable part of most of the Zagros forest ecosystems, In order to investigate the effects of fire on the distribution of vegetation in part of Zagros forests, nine years after the fire in the early of the growing season of 2015, using a random-systematic MoreFire is an inseparable part of most of the Zagros forest ecosystems, In order to investigate the effects of fire on the distribution of vegetation in part of Zagros forests, nine years after the fire in the early of the growing season of 2015, using a random-systematic sampling method in each of the burned and control areas, 40 sampling plots with an area 8 m2 were taken .The type and percentage of herbaceous species were recorded using Van der Marel criterion. In this research, Detrended Corespondance Analysis method (DCA) was used to explore the distribution of species after the fire. The results of this study showed that most species are commonly encountered between burned and control areas, and only a few were limited to burned and control areas. In addition, the result of this analysis indicated that most species and sample plots are located in the center of the chart and in close proximity this indicates less alteration of the fire after nine years . According to the results, it can be stated that over time, many species have tended to their primary conditions in the environment. However, the fire can not be considered a safe factor to these forests, On the contrary, given the current situation and the importance of preserving and rehabilitation of the ecosystems in the Zagros forests, It is neccesary that in these forests a fire prevention and preventive policy be institutionalized through principled and rational solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Investigation of the relationship between LAI and soil carbon sequestration in pure and mixed planted stands of Oak (Case Study: the lowland forests of Chamestan)
عین اله Rouhi MoghaddamThis study done aimed to investigating of the relationship between LAI and soil carbon sequestration in Chamestan Forest and Rangeland Research Station in a completely randomized design, which Oak (Quercus castaneifolia) has been planted in pure and mixed with any MoreThis study done aimed to investigating of the relationship between LAI and soil carbon sequestration in Chamestan Forest and Rangeland Research Station in a completely randomized design, which Oak (Quercus castaneifolia) has been planted in pure and mixed with any of the species including Siberian Elm (Zelkova carpinifolia), Maple (Acer velutinum), Hackberry (Celtis australis) and Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) in 1995. For sampling of leave, six trees were selected from each species in each treatment. The leaf area index was determined by gravimetric method. The effectiveness of each forest stand on carbon sequestration was studied in two soil depths of 0-20 cm and 21-60 cm. The results showed that the highest and lowest amount of LAI was calculated for Oak-Maple mixed stand (5.96) and Oak-Elm mixed stand (3.63) respectively. Oak trees have the lowest LAI in Oak-Maple plantation. Soil carbon sequestration in pure stand of Oak was estimated 92.8 ton/hectare in the first depth and mixed stand of Oak-Hornbeam has the highest (120.16 t/ha) and bare land treatment has the lowest (75.0 t/ha) soil carbon sequestration amount. This parameter at second soil depth of 40 cm varies at the rate of 96.56 to 145.86 t/ha and different stands were not significantly different in this respect. The Pearson correlation hasn’t shown coefficient between LAI and soil carbon sequestration to this age of plantations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Study on dynamism of the main nutrient elements along litter decomposition process of Bromus tomentellus Bornm
zeinab jafarian Zahra Yuosefi Mohammad Hodjati Mohammad TayebiSince Bromes tomentellus is one of the most important species in natural ecosystems in Iran both quantitatively and qualitatively, this research investigated decomposition process of Bromes tomentellus through studying dynamism of the main nutrient elements and decompos MoreSince Bromes tomentellus is one of the most important species in natural ecosystems in Iran both quantitatively and qualitatively, this research investigated decomposition process of Bromes tomentellus through studying dynamism of the main nutrient elements and decomposition rate of leaves and stems of the plantin a period of one year. The litter bag technique with size of 20×20 cm and 2 mm pores was used in this research. Each bag was filled with 5 g dried plant specimens. A totallof 54 bags with leaf, stem, and combination of leaf and stem were placed with three replications in Hosein Abad Research Station. Bags were taken at intervals of 60 days (6 times in a year). The amount of nutrients N, C, K, P, and C/N in leaves, stems, and the combination of leaves and stems were measured after each sampling. The results showed that the percentage of N in leaf was 1.02 which was 0.65 and 0.34 more in comparison with the nitrogen content of stem and the combination of leaf and stem, respectively. Also, annual decomposition constants of leaves, stems, leaves and stems of this species were 1.22, 0.95, and 1.88 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Investigation of metabolites content and antioxidant activity of various organs of invasive weed of Ipomoea tricolor Cav. in Gonbad Kavous farms
Ebrahim Gholamalipour Alamdari Alie Syedi hossein sabouri Zeinab Avarseji Abbas BiabaniThe purpose of this study was to evaluate metabolites content (primary and secondary) and antioxidant activity of different organs of Ipomoea tricolor weed including stem, leaf, and fruit leaf, individually and in combination. The weed under study was first collected at MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate metabolites content (primary and secondary) and antioxidant activity of different organs of Ipomoea tricolor weed including stem, leaf, and fruit leaf, individually and in combination. The weed under study was first collected at fruit stage and divided into organs. Antioxidant activities of various organs of Ipomoea tricolor were measured according to the method of DPPH. Results showed that mixed organs of Ipomoea tricolor and then leaf had maximum total phenol contents in that order. In case of anthocyanins, the highest levels were obtained from leaf while the lowest content of both secondary metabolites were found in the stem. Results also showed that leaves had maximum soluble sugars and proline contents. Correlation coefficient of data showed a significant positive relationship between anthocyanin contents of various organs of Ipomoea tricolor and their soluble sugar and proline contents. According to the findings, content of protein and starch in various organs significantly decreased with an increase in the secondary metabolite contents of anthocyanins. Mean comparison of antioxidant activity of various organs of Ipomoea tricolor showed that leaf and fruit had the highest and lowest antioxidant activities for inhibiting free radicals, respectively. Regarding the effect of the type of Ipomoea tricolor weed organ on the quantity of metabolites especially secondary compounds like phenols and anthocyanins and also antioxidant activity, the plant, especially the leaves may be introduced as a notable candidate for oxidative decomposition of free radicals, improving the nutritional value of food, or as a natural herbicide due to its high biomass. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - The effect of acidity at limited irradiance on survival, growth, pigment composition and ammonium liberation of soil cyanobacterium Nostoc sp., collected from paddy-fields of Golestan province
فریبا Amirlatifi sh Shokravi مریم Safaei زهرا Hosseini kolbadiCyanobacterium Nostoc sp. can be considered as an interesting microorganism for the ability of excretion buffering compounds. With respect to possible applied potential of this strain, this ability has been studied under limited irradiance. Soil samples were collected f MoreCyanobacterium Nostoc sp. can be considered as an interesting microorganism for the ability of excretion buffering compounds. With respect to possible applied potential of this strain, this ability has been studied under limited irradiance. Soil samples were collected from paddy-fields during one year. At the first step, different acidities (pHs 5,7,9) were studied under limited carbon dioxide condition. Results showed that in all treatments, organism tends to enter logarithmic phase of growth until third day, but acidic condition cause sharp decline on growth after this. Highest specific growth rate belong to alkaline condition (pH 9). For the next step, two alkaline condition near to pH 9 (pHs 8.5 and 9.5), were selected to compare. Results showed that specific growth rate was significantly less than pH 9, and even continuous aeration couldn’t be able to enlarge specific growth rate. Pigment composition can be rearranged at different acidities and phycobilisome systems cause viability and growth under acidity fluctuations and limited irradiance in addition of low carbon dioxide concentration. Ammonium liberation showed the highest rate at pH 5 and day two too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Studing of survival, growth, pigment composition and amelioration ability in cyanobacterium Nostoc sp.FS77 collected from paddy-field of Golestan Province under different salinities
زینب بادلی Shadman Shokravi Jallal aldin Derakhshanpour رقیه بادلیCyanobacterium Nostoc sp.FS77 can be considered as an interesting microorganism for the ability of amelioration Compounds. With respect to possible applied potential of this strain, considering these purpose, viability, growth ,pigment composition and amelioration abili MoreCyanobacterium Nostoc sp.FS77 can be considered as an interesting microorganism for the ability of amelioration Compounds. With respect to possible applied potential of this strain, considering these purpose, viability, growth ,pigment composition and amelioration ability under different salinities have been studied under different salinities. Then Sample soils were cultured, after purification and identification, selected cyanbacterium Nostoc sp.FS77 and has been incubated in to BG110 culture medium and under continuous white irradiation(flourcent light) with 2 μE.m-2.s-1 illumination, 28oC temperature. Wide range of sodium chloride salinities (0,5,10,15,20,25,30%) were Treated. Survival, growth, specific growth rate, chlorophyll, phycoerythrin, phcocyanin, allophycocyanin and carotenoides have been analyzed. Results showed the specific growth rate, reach to maximum between (0-15%) salinity, though at the other salinities survival could be remained but naturally at the lower level. The amounts of EC were decreasing obviously during different days in the following salinity. Pigment composition shows the highest rate at this salinity too. As a whole, results introduce this strain as the potent one for future biofertilizer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Investigation and Comparison of quantity and quality of essential oil composition of Zataria multiflora and two species of Thymus in uniform environmental conditions
roya motallebi Saadollah Houshmand behrouz shiran Hossein Fallahi Roudabeh RavashDue to secondary metabolites, such as thymol and carvacrol, presence in Thymus and Zataria plants, they are widely used in medicine. This study was carried out to evaluate and compare the quantity and quality of the active ingredient of three genotypes of Zataria multif MoreDue to secondary metabolites, such as thymol and carvacrol, presence in Thymus and Zataria plants, they are widely used in medicine. This study was carried out to evaluate and compare the quantity and quality of the active ingredient of three genotypes of Zataria multiflora, one genotype of Thymus daenensis and Thymus armeniacus under uniform environmental conditions during 2016 at Shahrekord University. In this regard, at 50% flowering stage, each genotype was harvested from two-year-old plants and at a distance of five centimeters soil surface. The analysis of secondary metabolites was done using Headspace Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry method. The results showed that most of the identified compounds were in the form of monoterpenoid compounds. The mean of thymol and carvacrol in the three genotypes of the species Z. multiflora was higher than the Thymus species. Alpha-pinene and β-pinene materials were observed in three genotypes of Z. multiflora, and alpha-trypinol, linalool and trypinolen in Z. multiflora were comparatively more than two species of Thymus. In contrast, some compounds such as beta-bisabolin, alpha-terpinen and para-cymene, were only presented in Thymus species and were not seen in three genotypes of the Z. multiflora. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Chemical composition of three species of aromatic plants: Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet, Polianthes tuberose L. and Rosa × damascena Herrm. by method of Headspace absorption
Mohammad Bagher Rezaee Kamkar JaimandRecent progress in preparing the aromatic fragrance with new technology, including methods of trapping by Headspace trapping techniques (HTT) can be cited. In this study the design and manufactured of fragrance absorption by Vacuum headspace (VHS) were recorded with aut MoreRecent progress in preparing the aromatic fragrance with new technology, including methods of trapping by Headspace trapping techniques (HTT) can be cited. In this study the design and manufactured of fragrance absorption by Vacuum headspace (VHS) were recorded with authors and then the device to absorb aromas (herbs) were selected in three aromatic species (Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet; Polianthes tuberose L. and Rosa damascene Mill.) and the chemical compounds of absorb aromas were analyzed by by GC and GC/MS. Results were showed that the chrysanthenone (28.8%), santolina ( 22.9% ), undecanal (21.9%) and n-tridecane (11.9% ) were the main volatile components identified in Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet while in Rosa × damascena Herrm. Include: santolina (65%) (E)-2-hexenal (18%) and cis-pinene hydrate (3.5%.). In finaly the 2,4-(E, E)-hexadienal (83.4%), 3-octanol acetate (3.8%) and propyl butyrate (3.6% ) were the main component in Polianthes tuberose L. respectively. According to these results, data were confirmed that in this method we can distinguish these aromatic compounds from plants economically with this technique are advised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - The survey of the essential oil composition of Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss. from Brzok of Kashan at the first report
Hosain Batoli Abdulrasul Haghir-Ebrahimabadi Eman Karimi Asma MazoochPulicaria Gaerth. is belongs to Asteraceae family with more than 100 species in the world , it had 5 shrub species in Iran. In this investigation the aerial parts of Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss. in blooming were collected from Brzok in Kashan region-1900m in sum MorePulicaria Gaerth. is belongs to Asteraceae family with more than 100 species in the world , it had 5 shrub species in Iran. In this investigation the aerial parts of Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss. in blooming were collected from Brzok in Kashan region-1900m in summer 2014 and dried in the shade at room temperature. The essential oil was extracted by hydro distillation method (Clevenger-type apparatus) and were analysed by using GC and GC-MS. The essential oil yield of plant was obtained 0.045 % (w/w) which had 36 components. The oxygenated monoterpens such as: 1,8-cineole (22.93%), amorpha-4,9-dien-2-ol (8.36%) and myrtenol (8.13%) were the major components of the plant essential oil, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Effects of ecological factors on morphological and phytochemical characteristics of (Echium ittalicum L.) essential oil in Kurdistan natural habitats
Farnoosh Sabouri Baratali Fakheri Abdolrahman Rahimian BoogarIn order to investigate the variation of morphological characteristics and essential oil composition of Echium ittalicum L., this study was carried out in nested plot design at three different heights with three habitats of Sanandaj, Marivan and Divandareh in Kurdistan MoreIn order to investigate the variation of morphological characteristics and essential oil composition of Echium ittalicum L., this study was carried out in nested plot design at three different heights with three habitats of Sanandaj, Marivan and Divandareh in Kurdistan province. Aerial parts of plant in flowering stage were collected in summer 2013 from different regions. The plant height, fresh and dry weight, simple and rosette leaf length and width, internodes length, stem diameter, number of flower, number of leaves and branches were evaluated as physiological characteristic and chlorophyll content, measuring elements NPK in the soil, leaves and flowers. Essential oil of plant samples were obtained by Distillation with distilled water (clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GS/MS, the mucilage content were evaluated with distill water separation method and sedimentation by 96% ethanol. Results were showed that the shoot height, the internode length, stem diameter, leaf number and percentage of mucilage and essential oil decreased with the altitude increases and so decrease of temperature, while chlorophyll content increases. The borneol, comphene and hexadecanoeic acid methyl ester have been higher than other essential oil compounds and the highest essential oil yield obtained in Sanandaj ecotype at 1557 meters above sea level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Evaluation of the foliar application effect on the chemical compositions of Rosa damascene Mill. essential oil of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province
Shahram Rajabzadeh Prof. Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Mehrab Yadegari Touraj RahimiEssential oil is one of the most important natural products of damask rose petals (Rosa damascena Mill.). The presence of higher concentrations of aromatic compounds (β-citronellol and geraniol) in the damask rose essential oil indicates an important quality and st MoreEssential oil is one of the most important natural products of damask rose petals (Rosa damascena Mill.). The presence of higher concentrations of aromatic compounds (β-citronellol and geraniol) in the damask rose essential oil indicates an important quality and standard indicator that foliar spraying may be effective in promoting this effective substance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alcoholic and ketone foliar application on the chemical composition of R. damascena essential oil during 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 in a completely randomized design in a rose garden located in the south of Shahrekord, southwestern Iran. The essential oil obtained by hydro-distillation was analyzed using GC/MS. In this regard, 29 compounds were identified in the essential oil, the most important of which were β-citronellol and geraniol (alcoholic monoterpenes) and henicosan and nonadcan (alkane hydrocarbons). The results indicated that the best foliar treatment was 20% ethanol solution during two experimental years; the highest levels of β-citronellol (33%) and geraniol (18%) were obtained from the ethanol spraying (at 20%) compared to other treatments and controls. In addition, this treatment was at the lowest level in terms of the concentration of alkane hydrocarbons in essential oil as a negative indicator of aromatic compounds of the rose essential oil. The acetone foliar spraying had the highest amount of alkane hydrocarbons and the lowest percentage of aromatic compounds compared to control and other treatments. In correlation's Pearson coefficients analysis, the highest significant positive correlation was obtained between aromatic compounds (alcoholic monoterpenes) with each other and between alkane hydrocarbons, meanwhile negative and significant relationships were observed between these two groups of important compounds in the rose essential oil. Finally, it is suggested that to obtain the highest quality of the R. damascena essential oil under similar climatic conditions (cold and semi-arid), the ethanol foliar application with a concentration of 20% can be useful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Ecological Analysis of Green Space Jiroft Using Landscape Metrics
Maryam Larijani Fatemeh Ghassami Elham Yusefi Robiat Application of landscape ecology in the field of urban planning indicates the quantitative interpretability and the analysis capability of the results of such analysis which More Application of landscape ecology in the field of urban planning indicates the quantitative interpretability and the analysis capability of the results of such analysis which shows the interaction of humans and their environment which in most cases happen to be a heterogeneous and disorder one that occurs at ground level. The rapid growth of urban changes spatial patterns of land uses in particular green spaces. Therefore, in this research, to improve green spaces and integration of it to sustainable development; the composition and distribution of green space of Jiroft with the help of landscape metrics(including CAP MPS, MNN, NP)is considered. The results of this study indicate that the composition and distribution of green space in significant part of Jiroft are not favorable conditions and mosaic network of urban green space patches of extent and continuity are not required to provide ecological services. Therefore, it is suggested to improve the ecological processes in areas where there are discrete green patches with a small area in order to create continuity between them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Preparation of CdIn2S4-CdS nanocomposite via a green route and using them in dot-sensitized solar cells for boosting efficiency
Mehdi Mousavi-Kamazani -
Open Access Article
173 - Solvent influence on the interaction of cis-PtCl2(NH3)2 complex and graphene: A theoretical study
Reza Fazaeli E Ebrahimi Mokarram H Aghaei K Zare Mohammad Yousefi -
Open Access Article
174 - Distribution and Grain Size Support-Dependent Catalytic Properties of Iridium Nanoparticles
Zahra Amirsardari Akram Dourani Mohamad Ali Amirifar Nooredin Ghadiri Massoom Babak Afzali -
Open Access Article
175 - A theoretical study of the influence of solvent polarity on the structure and spectral properties in the interaction of C20 and Si2H2
Reza Ghiasi S Jamehbozorgi Z KazemiIn this investigation, the interaction of C20 and disilyne (Si2H2) fragment was explored in the M062X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory in gas solution phases. The interaction energy was obtained with standard method were corrected by basis set superposition error (BSSE) du MoreIn this investigation, the interaction of C20 and disilyne (Si2H2) fragment was explored in the M062X/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory in gas solution phases. The interaction energy was obtained with standard method were corrected by basis set superposition error (BSSE) during the geometry optimization for all molecules at the same levels of theory. Also, the bonding interaction between the C20 and Si2H2 fragment has been analyzed by means of the energy decomposition analysis (EDA). The results obtained from these calculations reveal interaction between C20 and disilyne (Si2H2) increases in the presence of more polar solvents. There are good correlations between these parameters and dielectric constants of solvents. The wavenumbers of IR-active symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of Si-H groups and 29Si NMR chemical shift values in different solvents were correlated with the Kirkwood–Bauer–Magat equation (KBM). our calculations showed the good relationship between chemical shift values of 29Si NMR, IR-active symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of Si-H groups and KBM solvent parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Facile synthesis of Ni/NiO nanocomposites via thermal decomposition
Aliakbar Dehno Khalaji Gholamhossein Grivani Shaghayegh Izadi Mehdi Ebadi -
Open Access Article
177 - Cr2O3 nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, optical, magnetic properties and photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange
Aliakbar Dehno Khalaji Pavel Machek Marketa Jarosova -
Open Access Article
178 - Solvent influence on the interaction of cis-PtCl2(NH3)2 complex and graphene: A theoretical study
Elham Ebrahimi Mokarram Reza Fazaeli Hossein Aghaei Mohammad Yousefi Karim Zare -
Open Access Article
179 - Facile synthesis of Ni/NiO nanocomposites via thermal decomposition
Aliakbar Dehno Khalaji Gholamhossein Grivani Shaghayegh Izadi Mehdi Ebadi -
Open Access Article
180 - Theoretical study of the influence of solvent polarity on the structure and spectral properties in the interaction of C20 and Si2H2
Zahra Kazemi Reza Ghiasi Saeid Jamehbozorgi -
Open Access Article
181 - Preparation of CdIn2S4-CdS nanocomposite via a green route and using them in dot-sensitized solar cells for boosting efficiency
Mehdi Mousavi-Kamazani -
Open Access Article
182 - Distribution and Grain Size Support-Dependent Catalytic Properties of Iridium Nanoparticles
Zahra Amirsardari Akram Dourani Mohamad Ali Amirifar Nooredin Ghadiri Massoom Babak Afzali -
Open Access Article
183 - A New Hybrid Model Using Deep Learning to Forecast Gold Price
Mohammad Reza Shahraki -
Open Access Article
184 - Design a Model for Measuring the Dynamics Volatility Connectedness of Tehran Stock Exchange and Global Markets
Nasser Gholami Teymor Mohammadi abdolrasoul ghasemiThe aim of this article is to measure the dynamics connectedness of Tehran stock market with stock exchanges of selected countries from the Middle East and China, oil and gold markets, the dollar index and the euro-dollar and yuan-dollar. To this end, a variance decompo MoreThe aim of this article is to measure the dynamics connectedness of Tehran stock market with stock exchanges of selected countries from the Middle East and China, oil and gold markets, the dollar index and the euro-dollar and yuan-dollar. To this end, a variance decomposition approach has been used to measure connectedness of markets between January 2008 and the end of July 2019. The findings show that the variance of forecast errors in most of markets are due to the shocks of those markets themselves. The Qatari Stock Exchange has a significant impact on Saudi and UAE stock exchanges. As the time horizon increases, Brent's oil market will be more influential than other markets, and this market will be more affected by the stock exchanges of the Arab countries and the Shanghai Composite. According to the results, investing in the Tehran Stock Exchange and the yuan-dollar exchange rate due to insignificant dynamics connectedness with other markets is recommended to hedge risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Changes in Virtual Water Trade Balance in Iran: A Structural Decomposition Analysis
Nooraddin Sharify Hossein EsmaeiliThis paper investigates the situation of foreign trade to compensate for water shortage problems in Iran. Using input-output tables of 2011 and 2016 tables, the changes in virtual water trade balance in this period were investigated. Results indicate that in spite of th MoreThis paper investigates the situation of foreign trade to compensate for water shortage problems in Iran. Using input-output tables of 2011 and 2016 tables, the changes in virtual water trade balance in this period were investigated. Results indicate that in spite of the positive trade balance in these years, international trade caused virtual water to enter the country. However, both the value of the trade balance of products and the trade balance of virtual water in 2016 decreased compared to 2011. Overall, despite the increase in the import of virtual water due to the decrease in the total backward linkage of final products and the change in the share of exports and imports in the foreign trade balance; changes in the trade balance, the intensity of direct water consumption, the structure of production, and the structure of traded goods, respectively, contributed the most to the reduction of virtual water imports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Targeting the Price of Energy Carriers and Consumption Behavior of Urban Households in Iran
S.M. Ahmadi J. Pajooyan E. GholamiThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate the composition of consuming expenditures of urban households in Iran under various scenarios of the price of energy carriers. For this purpose, initially, goods and services consumed by urban households are divided into MoreThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate the composition of consuming expenditures of urban households in Iran under various scenarios of the price of energy carriers. For this purpose, initially, goods and services consumed by urban households are divided into 7 groups and the share of total household expenditures is estimated by applying an almost ideal demand system (AIDS) and the data of the years 2001-2010 for 10 cost deciles. Then, the average of the share of each of these groups is simulated for the years 2011 -2013 under two scenarios of 20 and 85 percentage of the price. The results indicate that using either of these two scenarios does not change the consumption composition of urban households and consumers preferences before relating the price to the needs and priorities. So, if the government plans to impose steep price scenarios, it should follow supporting supplements policies to compensate the decline of consumer welfare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Education Demand and the Share of Educational in Income Inequality
Ali Falahati Shahram Fatahi Younes Goli Somayeh Goli Abstract This paper, by using household micro-level data over 2010-2014 and utilizing the generalized Logit model and Oaxaca-blinder and Machado-Mata decomposition, investigates the factor affecting educational demands and determining the share of education in More Abstract This paper, by using household micro-level data over 2010-2014 and utilizing the generalized Logit model and Oaxaca-blinder and Machado-Mata decomposition, investigates the factor affecting educational demands and determining the share of education in income inequality. The results show that increase the parents’ years of educational and decrease in number of children lead to increase the educational demand. The results of decomposition models, also, indicate the share of education in income inequality at the bottom deciles of income is 0.6 and at the top deciles is 2.5 percent. Averagely, the share of education in income inequality in 2010 was equal to 1.46 and in 2014 to 3.26 percent. To increase the efficiency of education in the country, the policies such as creation increase the relationship between university and industry, quality of education and increase investment in sectors whit higher forward and backward linkage is advised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - The effect of eight weeks of continuous-resistance training on lipid profile and body composition of overweight women
keyvan hejaziBackground and purpose: Lipid profiles play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of continuous-resistance training on lipid profile and body composition of overweight women.Material and Methods: In t MoreBackground and purpose: Lipid profiles play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of continuous-resistance training on lipid profile and body composition of overweight women.Material and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 24 overweight women were randomly assigned to control (n=12) and experimental (n=12). The program training include: 80-90 min per session, 3 times per week for 8 weeks participate in continuous-resistance. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before training and 48 hours after training session. To make intra and intergroup comparisons t-test for dependent and independent samples were used. Results: Levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein decreased significantly, while levels of high-density lipoprotein increased significantly. Body weight and body mass index values decreased significantly at the end of the period.Conclusion: Eight weeks of continuous-resistance training resulted in improved lipid profile and body composition at the end of the training period. Therefore, the results of our research suggest that a continuous-resistance training program can improve the health of overweight women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - The effect of eight weeks of TRX and CRX exercising on body composition and lipid profile indices in overweight young women
Nasim Alimoradi Haneyeh Noorolahi Fatemeh HosseiniIntroduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TRX and CRX exercises on body composition indices and lipid profile in overweight young women.Methods: 59 subjects were randomly divided into three training groups: TRX (n = 20), CRX (n = 19) and C MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TRX and CRX exercises on body composition indices and lipid profile in overweight young women.Methods: 59 subjects were randomly divided into three training groups: TRX (n = 20), CRX (n = 19) and CG (n = 20). The program of both training groups included 10 minutes of warm-up with stretching and flexibility movements and then 10 circular stationary movements for 30 to 40 minutes, which ended with 10 minutes of stretching movements to cool down. The TRX group trained with resistance bands and the CRX group with weight training. Research variables were measured before and after exercises. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05.Results: Comparison of BMI and WHR showed that these variables were significantly reduced in the TRX group compared to the CRX and CG groups. While the PBF variable in TRX and CRX groups showed a significant decrease compared to CG. Also, in lipid profile indices of TG, VLDL-C, HDL-C and TC/HDL-C, TRX group showed a significant improvement compared to CRX and CG groups. In TC, LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C indices, significant improvement was observed compared to CG in both training groups (P≥0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that an eight-week of TRX and CRX exercises is effective in improving body composition indices and lipid profile of overweight young women; But TRX exercises are more effective than CRX. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - The effect of UCP1 and PPARα genotypes on endurance performance and body composition of obese women after eight weeks of endurance training
Maryam Kamari Masoud Rahmati Mehdi BoostaniIntroduction: Considering the role of UCP1 and PPARα in fat metabolism, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of UCP1 and PPARα genotypes on endurance performance and body composition of obese women after an endurance training program.Materials MoreIntroduction: Considering the role of UCP1 and PPARα in fat metabolism, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of UCP1 and PPARα genotypes on endurance performance and body composition of obese women after an endurance training program.Materials and Methods: 23 obese women (30-45 years old, BMI=30) voluntarily participated in the research. Subjects participated in an endurance training program (8 weeks, 5 sessions per week and 30 minutes in each session, by intensity of 55-75% of heart rate reserve). The subjects' height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, waist-to-hip ratio, and VO2max were evaluated before and after the training program. In order to extract DNA and observe the genetic profile by RFLP method, saliva samples were collected. Subjects were placed in CG and GG groups for PPARα gene and CC and CT groups for UCP1 gene. The frequency of genotypes was checked with chi-square test and the difference between variables was checked with independent t-test.Results: The results of UCP1 gene in CC and CT genotype groups showed that there is no significant difference between pre to post test of VO2max (p=0.823), BMI (p=0.683), fat percentage (p=0.275), waist-to-hip ratio (p=0.113). Also, the results of PPARα gene in CG and GG genotype groups showed that there is no significant difference between pre to post test of VO2max (p=0.739), BMI (p=0.24), fat percentage (p=0.493) and waist-to-hip ratio (p=0.447).Conclusion: UCP1 and PPARα genotypes have no effect on endurance performance and body composition of obese women after an endurance training program. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Control of a Linear Distillation Column Using Type-2 Fuzzy Method Optimized by Genetic Algorithm
Abbas Asgari Gholam Reza Arab Abbas ChatraeiThe distillation process is important process in the chemical industry and has wide application in industry. Distillation tower is used by chemical engineers as a popular tool to separate materials and is the most common method for separating materials. Keeping constant MoreThe distillation process is important process in the chemical industry and has wide application in industry. Distillation tower is used by chemical engineers as a popular tool to separate materials and is the most common method for separating materials. Keeping constant the product composition in the distillation column is very important from control perspective. Control of these complicated processes need intelligent methods to adopt the appropriate decision for control based on the behavior of the system. Between intelligent methods, fuzzy technique has superior response in complex systems control and so is used in this study. In this article at first, a type-1fuzzy controller is designed for linear model of distillation tower. In design of this Fuzzy controller, genetic algorithm (GA) is used for optimization of fuzzy rules base. It has been shown that the fuzzy controller is better than conventional PI one. Then the type-1 fuzzy controller has been replaced with type-2 fuzzy controller and has been shown that the performance of type-2 is better than type-1 in various points of view. In this study, the MATLAB/SIMULINK software has been used for modeling and implementing the proposed methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - QoS-aware Optimization of Cloud Service Composition using Symbiotic Organisms Search Algorithm
Vahideh Hayyolalam Ali Asghar Pourhaji KazemNowadays, service-oriented systems according to possibility of using in heterogeneous distributed environments and being independent of the specific technology, also with the existence of large-scale dynamic system with changeable requirements, are highly regarded. Clou MoreNowadays, service-oriented systems according to possibility of using in heterogeneous distributed environments and being independent of the specific technology, also with the existence of large-scale dynamic system with changeable requirements, are highly regarded. Cloud services are one of the implementation methods of service-oriented concepts. Increasing the tendency of users to use cloud computing, encourages service vendors to provide services with different non-functionality features. Mostly single services couldn’t satisfy users’ requirements, so it’s necessary to compose some services to achieve the demand service. With the increasing of service providers, also services in the internet service pools, selecting the optimal service from a set of functionality equivalent candidates which are differ in QoS, becomes an important NP-Hard research problem. Therefore increasing the quality of composite services is a vital challenge and since the quality of cloud composite services derived from previous approaches can still be increased, in this research, we have tried to increase the quality of cloud composite services using the Symbiotic Organism Search Algorithm. Simulations are conducted in Matlab environment and the results are compared to three famous algorithms including GA, ACO and PSO. The comparisons demonstrate the remarkable superiority of SOS in result's quality, stability and scalability, also 13% improvement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Robust and Semi-Blind Digital Image Watermarking Method Based on DWT and SVD
Mohammadreza Rezayatmand Alireza Naghsh. In the handling of medical images, the main priority is to secure protection for the patient’s documents against any act of tampering by unauthorized persons. Thus, the main concern of the existing electronic medical system is to develop some standard solution t More. In the handling of medical images, the main priority is to secure protection for the patient’s documents against any act of tampering by unauthorized persons. Thus, the main concern of the existing electronic medical system is to develop some standard solution to preserve the authenticity and integrity of the content of medical images.Accordingly, digital image watermarking has many applications, one of its most important applications in Protection of medical images, engrave names, Signatures and Patient data on pictures, Videos etc. that are not so clear.There are several ways to digital image watermarking, but one of the most widely used methods to achieve robust watermarking to all kinds of attacks using the combination dwt and svd.We used in this research 2 level of haar wavelet transform on the host image and one level of single value decomposition on its low frequency subset and combined with a watermark coefficient and another level of singular value decomposition to embed the watermark and increase the watermark robustness in a way that when extracting a watermark can be done semi-blindly. With this method, we were able to improve the average peak signal to noise ratio of 55 and 7% improvement for the invisibility of the watermark and also the average correlation coefficient of 0.97 and 34% improvement to increase the resistance of the watermark to various attacks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Evaluation of Surface Electromyogram Signal Decomposition Methods in the Design of Hand Movement Recognition System
Maryam Karami Mahdi KhezriOne method for determining motor commands to control hand prostheses is to use surface electr­omy­ogr­am (sEMG) signal patterns. Due to the random and non-stationary nature of the signal, the idea of using signal information in small time intervals was inves MoreOne method for determining motor commands to control hand prostheses is to use surface electr­omy­ogr­am (sEMG) signal patterns. Due to the random and non-stationary nature of the signal, the idea of using signal information in small time intervals was investigated. In this study, with the aim of more accurate and faster detection of hand movements, two signal decomposition methods, namely discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) were evaluated. The sEMG sign­als of the Ninapro-DB1 dataset, which were extracted from 27 healthy subjects while performing hand and finger movements, were used to design the system. Simple time domain features with fast calculation capability were extracted for each subband of the decomposed signals. Also, support vector machine (SVM) using different kernel functions was applied as a classifier. The results show that the use of DWT and EMD methods with the ability to access the information of time and frequency sub-intervals of the signals, provides better results in identifying hand movements compared to previous studies. With the EMD method and eight intrinsic mode functions (IMF), the highest recognition accuracy of 83.3% was obtained for six movements. Also, the DWT with the Bior5.5 mother wavelet and five levels of decomposition, achieved 80% recognition accuracy for ten movements and with the Coif2 mother wavelet and six levels of decomposition, the accuracy was 83.33% for eight movements. The results show the better performance of the DWT decomposition method compared to EMD for the design of the hand movement recognition system using sEMG signal patterns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Estimation of Unknown Quality of Service Values to Increase the Quality of Composite Grid Service Using Bayesian Network
Ali Asghar Pourhaji Kazem Hossein Pedram Hasan AbolhasaniComputational Grids have developed as a new approach to solve large scale problems in scientific, engineering and business areas. Open Grid services architecture is an adaptation of the service-oriented architecture which presents the Grid operation a set of service-ori MoreComputational Grids have developed as a new approach to solve large scale problems in scientific, engineering and business areas. Open Grid services architecture is an adaptation of the service-oriented architecture which presents the Grid operation a set of service-oriented softwares. Grid services composition provides the possibility for users to submit their complex requirements as a single request.QoS-aware Grid service composition algorithms try to construct a composite Grid service which satisfies the user-defined constraints as well as to optimize the QoS parameters. All of the presented service composition approaches in the literature discard using the Grid services with unknown QoS values in the composition process. However, estimation of unknown QoS values of Grid services provides an opportunity for them to be selected as component Grid services in the constructed composite service. In this paper, a probabilistic QoS model is presented for estimating the unknown QoS values using Bayesian network. Experimental results indicate that estimating the unknown QoS values has high accuracy and leads to more efficient composite Grid services. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Algebraic Ricatti matrix equation and its application in structural mechanics
Mefdi nouriIn this paper the algebraic Riccati matrix equation is used for eigen-decomposition of per-symmetric matrices. This is achieved by similarity transformation and using the algebraic Riccati matrix equation. The process is the decomposition of matrices into small and spec MoreIn this paper the algebraic Riccati matrix equation is used for eigen-decomposition of per-symmetric matrices. This is achieved by similarity transformation and using the algebraic Riccati matrix equation. The process is the decomposition of matrices into small and specially structured sub-matrices with low dimensions for easy finding of eigenpairs. Example show the efficiency of the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Evaluation and Research on the methods of manufacturing and mixing of various types of smart concrete
Abdolkarim Abbasi DezfouliSmart concrete refers to structural materials that can sense and respond appropriately to changes in their environment. This is done by changing one or more parameters. The smart properties of concrete are usually achieved by modifying and upgrading the concrete mix des MoreSmart concrete refers to structural materials that can sense and respond appropriately to changes in their environment. This is done by changing one or more parameters. The smart properties of concrete are usually achieved by modifying and upgrading the concrete mix design and matrix. It is mainly obtained by improving the composition of initional materials or adding functional materials to concrete. This concrete also has bionic (biological) characteristics. Compared to conventional concrete, properly designed smart concrete can be utilized to optimize the safety, durability and proper performance of infrastructure and reducing of the maintenance costs. The costs of use, resource consumption and environmental pollution, which are the basic parameters for construcction, will be reduced. Over the past few decades, significant efforts have been made to research smart concrete and many innovative achievements in the development and application of smart concrete are obtained. Thirteen types of smart concrete, with emphasis on their capabilities, are systematically investigated in this article, which is based on the principles, composition, construction, properties, research development and structural applications. In addition, some perspectives on the development of smart concrete are discussed. Finally, thirteen compositions of smart concrete were organized into a Table. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil from Shirazi Turnip root (Brasica rappa L.) in in-vitro conditions
Ali Mohamadi Sani Khalil Behnam Mehrnaz EsmaeilpourThe aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Turnip (Brassica rapa) root in Fars-Iran. The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) whic MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Turnip (Brassica rapa) root in Fars-Iran. The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) which revealed 16 compounds in which Methyl chavicol (32.31 %), Trans anethole (19.58 %), Linalool (15.46 %), α-Pinene (9.28 %), α- Thujone (6.59 %) and β- Pinene (3.34 %) were the main components. The antimicrobial activity was measured by disk-diffusion and micro-dilution method for determination of MIC and MBC. The results showed that the essential oil of turnip has a significant effect in reducing the growth of bacteria have been tested. However the essential oil had the lowest MIC on (MIC=2.5 mg/ml) E. coli but the results showed the highest effects against (MIC=0.625 mg/ml) S. aureus. Results presented here suggest that the essential oils of turnip possesses antibacterial properties, and is therefore a potential source of active ingredients for food industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Determination of chemical composition and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of Mentha spicata L. essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
katayoon Mokhayeri Hadi Khohsari Seyyede Zahra Seyyed AlangiMentha spicata L. (Peppermint) is a widely used medicinal herb that also as a commonly herb spice has used in the food industry.This study carried out to evaluating of chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Mentha spicata L. (Peppermint) MoreMentha spicata L. (Peppermint) is a widely used medicinal herb that also as a commonly herb spice has used in the food industry.This study carried out to evaluating of chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Mentha spicata L. (Peppermint) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.Essential oil of the herb leafs was extracted by Clevenger apparatus. Chemical composition of essential oil was identified with a Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system and then Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of this essential oil were determined using micro-dilution broth method in microplate 96 pits. A total of 33 chemical constituents were identified which contained 98.5% the total of essential oil compounds. The most important components of this essential oil were: carvone (%28.35), menthol (%14.35), methylene (%14.059) and limonene (%9.303). MIC and MBC of essential oil of this herb against the S. aureus 25 and 25 µg/ml and against the E.coli was 50 and 100 µg/ml respectively. Due to antibacterial compounds of essential oil of this plant, it can be used as a natural preservative in food. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - بررسی خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی، ترکیبات معدنی و فعالیت های ضد میکروبی عصاره های اتیل استات و اتانولی Vernonia amygdalina و Morinda lucida در برابر برخی میکروارگانیسم های بیماری زا جدا شده بالینی: یک مطالعه مقایسه ای
ساویور یوسین اولواتویین دارمولا اولوابونمی اولوگ بنگا فیدلیکس ایوبامی اولایمی روتیمی ادمیلوا کریستینا آددوئین دارمولاBackground & Aim: Medicinal plants with antimicrobial activities have been used extensively in the West Africa regions. These plants of medicinal important have been proven to be very effective even where treatments with antibiotics failed. This study was aimed to e MoreBackground & Aim: Medicinal plants with antimicrobial activities have been used extensively in the West Africa regions. These plants of medicinal important have been proven to be very effective even where treatments with antibiotics failed. This study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of Morinda lucida and Vernonia amygdalina leaves extracts on some pathogenic microorganisms isolated from clinical samples.Experimental: The antimicrobial activities were assayed using the agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated using standard microbiological techniques. Phytochemical and mineral compositions of all the extracts were determined.Results: Phytochemicals such as saponins, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, anthraquinone and alkaloids were present in both extracts of the plants with alkaloids having a higher percentage. Minerals such as K, Ca, Fe, Na and Fe were presented in appreciable quantities in both extracts of the plants with the K and Ca levels in the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Morinda lucida significantly higher than that of V. amygdalina, while Na and Fe levels of Vernonia amygdalina was found to be higher than that of Morinda lucida. Heavy metals like Pb, Cd and As were presented in significant quantities in both extracts of the plants. All the extracts exhibited varying degrees of concentration-based antimicrobial activities against the tested pathogens. Both ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Morinda lucida showed a high significant antifungal activity against Trichophyton sp and Candida sp while the ethanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina showed a high significant antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella sp and Candida sp.Recommended applications/industries: The study provides information on the antimicrobial activities, phytochemical and mineral components of Morinda lucida and Vernonia amygdalina leaves. Also, it contributes to the development of alternative therapeutic agents against the pathogens tested in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - ترکیبات شیمیایی و فعالیت ضدمیکروبی اسانس بومادران علیه باکتریها و قارچهای بیماریزای شایع در ماهی
میلاد عادل آرمین عابدین امیری مریم دیوبند رضا سفری الهام خلیلیمقدمه و هدف: با افزایش مقاومت عوامل بیماریزا در ماهی نسبت به داورهای شیمیایی، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی با خواص ضد میکروبی ضروری به نظر می­رسد. در این مطالعه ترکیبات شیمیایی بخش­های هوایی اسانس بومادران وحشی پرورش یافته در رشته­کوه­های زاگرس (جنوب غربی ای Moreمقدمه و هدف: با افزایش مقاومت عوامل بیماریزا در ماهی نسبت به داورهای شیمیایی، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی با خواص ضد میکروبی ضروری به نظر می­رسد. در این مطالعه ترکیبات شیمیایی بخش­های هوایی اسانس بومادران وحشی پرورش یافته در رشته­کوه­های زاگرس (جنوب غربی ایران) تعیین و خواص ضد میکروبی آن بر روی باکتری­ها و قارچ­های بیماریزای شایع در ماهی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه، خواص ضد میکروبی اسانس بومادران علیه پنج باکتری شامل استرپتوکوکوس اینیائی، یرسینیا راکری، ویبریو آنگوئیلاروم، آئروموناس هیدروفیلا و سودوموناس آئروجینوزا و چهار قارچ بیماریزای: ساپرولگنیا، فوزاریوم سولانی، کاندیدا آلبیکنز و آسپرژیلوس فلاوس مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین، ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده اسانس بومادران با استفاده از دستگاه گاز کروماتوگرافی- طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) تعیین شد. نتایج و بحث: بازده اسانس جمع آوری شده از استان چهارمحال و بختیاری 63/0% بود. مهمترین ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده اسانس بومادران شامل: 8-1 سینئول (2/25%)، کامفور (9/18%)، لینالول (9/6%)، بارنئول (7/5%) و آرتیمزیا (3/4%) بود. همه میکروارگانیسم­های مورد مطالعه نسبت به اسانس بومادران حساسیت بیشتری را نسبت به آنتی بیوتیک­های کنترل نشان دادند. بشترین خواص ضد باکتری و ضدقارچی بومادران به ترتیب علیه باکتری یرسینیا راکری (با قطر هاله مهار رشد 4/25 میلی­متر) و قارچ کاندیدا آلبیکنز (25 میلی­متر) مشاهده شد. این در حالی است که کمترین حساسیت نسبت به باکتری استرپتوکوکوس اینیائی (4/16 میلی­متر) و قارچ آسپرژیلوس فلاوس (14 میلی­متر) مشاهده شد. علاوه بر این، حداقل غلظت مهار کنندگی رشد (MIC) اسانس مورد مطالعه در محدوده 125 تا 800 میکروگرم/ لیتر تعیین شد که قادر به مهار رشد باکتری­ها و قارچ­های بیماریزای منتخب بود. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: نتایج این تحقیق نشان دهنده آن است که اسانس بومادران می­تواند به عنوان یک منبع بالقوه جدید و موثرتر از آنتی بیوتیک­های تجاری در صنعت آبزیان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. هر چند که، انجام مطالعات بیشتر به منظور خالص سازی، جداسازی و تعیین ترکیبات دارای خواص ضد میکروبی اسانس بومادران ضروری به نظر می­رسد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس اندام هوایی گونه ای سالویا (Salvia spinosa L) جمع آوری شده از اصفهان
سعید صالحی احمد رضا گل پرور امین هادی پناهمقدمه و هدف: Salvia spinosa L. گیاه چند ساله و معطر از خانواده نعناعیان می باشد. این گونه در نواحی مختلف ایران به صورت خودرو رشد می کند. هدف از این تحقیق شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی Salvia spinosa L.در شرایط آب و هوایی اصفهان می باشد.روش تحقیق: اندام هوایی این گیاه از Moreمقدمه و هدف: Salvia spinosa L. گیاه چند ساله و معطر از خانواده نعناعیان می باشد. این گونه در نواحی مختلف ایران به صورت خودرو رشد می کند. هدف از این تحقیق شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی Salvia spinosa L.در شرایط آب و هوایی اصفهان می باشد.روش تحقیق: اندام هوایی این گیاه از منطقه اصفهان در بهار سال ١٣٩٣ جمع آوری شد. استخراج اسانس به روش تقطیر با آب و به کمک دستگاه اسانس گیری طرح کلونجر صورت گرفت. اسانس به وسیله دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مورد تجزیه و شناسایی قرار گرفت.نتایج و بحث: نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که ۲١ ترکیب در اسانس Salvia spinosa L. شناسایی شد. ترکیبات اصلی آن شامل: α-terpinolene (۷٣١/٣۲ %)، β-ocimene (٩١۵/٣٠ %)، β-patchoulene (۷۷٩/١۲ %)، β-bourbonene (۲۶٣/۴ %) و 1,8-cineol (۸۸٣/۲ %) بودند.توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: به طور کلی گزارشات اندکی در مورد ترکیبات شیمیایی این گیاه در ایران گزارش شده است. با توجه به خواص دارویی آن و فعالیت ضد میکروبی آن می توان از این گیاه در تحقیقات آینده استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - اثر کم آبیاری بر ماده خشک، عملکرد کمی و کیفی اسانس آویشن باغی و آویشن دنایی
سید محمد علوی سامانی عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی مهرداد عطایی کچویی بهزاد حامدیBackground & Aim: Drought stress, as a main abiotic stress, has a significant influence on growth and metabolic activities of plant species. In this study, the influence of reduced irrigation on dry herbage, essential oil yield, and chemical components of two thyme MoreBackground & Aim: Drought stress, as a main abiotic stress, has a significant influence on growth and metabolic activities of plant species. In this study, the influence of reduced irrigation on dry herbage, essential oil yield, and chemical components of two thyme species were investigated. Experimental: This study was done in an experimental greenhouse, I.A.U., Shahrekord Branch, Iran at 2012 in a CRD with three replications. Three irrigation levels were I1 (irrigated in field capacity or control), I2 (slight drought stress or irrigation in 75% field capacity), and I3 (mild drought stress or irrigation in 50% field capacity). Two thyme species included Thymus daenensis and T. vulgaris. The essential oils obtained by hydro-distillation and were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Results & Discussion: Results indicated that irrigation levels had a significant effect on many morphological and physiological characteristics, including dry matter, plant height, and leaf area index (LAI). In addition, levels of irrigation affected on oil yield and some major constituents in the essential oils. Carvacrol, γ-terpinene, and p-cymene contents in the essential oils were significantly increased under stressed conditions, whereas thymol amount was significantly reduced under stressed conditions. Recommended applications/industries: According to the results of this study, drought stress reduces the essential oil yields and dry herbage in both species of thyme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - اثر غلظتهای مختلف L-فنیل آلانین بر ترکیبات شیمیایی و عملکرد اسانس بادرنجبویه (Melissa officinalis)
ماهی جان بهارلو عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی فاطمه ملک پورBackground & Aim: Melissa officinalis (lemon balm), belongs to the family Lamiaceae is a known herb that has long been used in traditional medicine to treat many disorders and give fragrance to different food and beverage products. In this study, the effec MoreBackground & Aim: Melissa officinalis (lemon balm), belongs to the family Lamiaceae is a known herb that has long been used in traditional medicine to treat many disorders and give fragrance to different food and beverage products. In this study, the effects of the foliar spray of L-phenylalanine on essential oil content and chemical composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), at field condition in Horeh, Saman city of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, southwestern Iran, were investigated. Experimental: This study was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments were including three levels of the foliar application of L-phenylalanine including 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg/L. Distilled water was used as a control. Results: The essential oil contents of the treatments ranged between 0.11 to 0.19% (v/w). Statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences among treatments for essential oil contents of M. officinalis. Neral, Z-Citral, E-Citral, Geranial, Citronellal and β-Caryophyllene were the six major compounds of M. officinalis essential oil. The results indicated that the foliar application of L-phenylalanine have significant impacts on main constitutes of the essential oil and generally the application of L-phenylalanine spraying have beneficial and effective role in improving the essential oil content and some of chemical composition of lemon balm. Recommended applications/industries: The plant biostimulants as environmentally friendly products can be effective for increasing the quantity and quality of lemon balm essential oil. Application of L-phenylalanine can be a promising strategy in achieving organic production of medicinal plants such as lemon balm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی میوه گونه Rhus coriaria L از همدان
حمیدرضا اردلانی مریم حسن پور مقدم امین هادی پناه فرنوش فتوت علی عزیزی جلال سلطانی -
Open Access Article
206 - ترکیب شیمیایی و فعالیت زیستی اسانس Melissa officinalis کشت شده در جنوب غربی ایران
هاله محمدپور عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی فاطمه ملک پور بهزاد حامدیBackground & Aim: Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) a valuable medicinal plant in herbal medicine is native to the eastern Mediterranean region and western Asia. It is a traditional herbal medicine, which enjoys contemporary usage as a mild sedative, spasmolytic a MoreBackground & Aim: Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) a valuable medicinal plant in herbal medicine is native to the eastern Mediterranean region and western Asia. It is a traditional herbal medicine, which enjoys contemporary usage as a mild sedative, spasmolytic and antibacterial agent. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of climate on quality and quantity of the essential oil of M. officinalis at Shahrekord climate, southwestern (Iran) and evaluate the antioxidant activity of the oil. Experimental: Plants were cultivated during 22-25th March 2016 in the greenhouse and transferred to the main site after three months (May), and finally harvested at the full flowering stage during August.Dried plant material (100 g) was powdered and subjected to hydro–distillation for three hours using a Clevenger–type apparatus. The hydrodistillated essential oil analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. The antioxidant activity was determined by using DPPH method. Results: Results indicated that the major essential oil constituents of M.officinalis L. were β-caryophyllene (23.06%), E-citral (17.61%), Z-citral (13.64%), and caryophyllene oxide (10.83%). The antioxidant activityof the essential oil showed moderate antioxidant activity (IC50=749.60 µg/g), that was lower compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Recommended applications/industries: This potential applicability can be used as antioxidant agents for food and pharmaceutical industries Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - ارزیابی ترکیبات شیمیایی و املاح موجود در پوسته میوه Cucurbita pepo L
اولیفونسو آدینی آنه آدامBackground & Aim: The leaves, fruit pulp and seeds of Cucurbita pepo are widely consumed as vegetables, and as food additives. They are used as condiments in some part of the country and also for their medicinal properties. This study, however investigated the fruit MoreBackground & Aim: The leaves, fruit pulp and seeds of Cucurbita pepo are widely consumed as vegetables, and as food additives. They are used as condiments in some part of the country and also for their medicinal properties. This study, however investigated the fruit shell of Cucurbita pepo for its proximate and mineral composition using standard analytical methods. Experimental: The fruit shell was separated from the pulp and seeds, washed, dried and homogenized. Proximate composition was determined using standard procedures; the sample was later digested with concentrated nitric acid and perchloric acid for mineral analysis. Results: The proximate composition showed that the fruit shell is rich in carbohydrates (44.60±0.06%) and crude fiber (28.53±0.08%). Protein, ash, moisture and fat were also present in considerable amounts. Minerals such as Na, K, P, Cu, Mg, Fe, Ca and Mn were present at varying concentrations while Zn and Cr were not detected. Findings from this study which correlate with previous works show that C. pepo fruit shell is a natural repository of nutrients which play a range of important roles in different metabolisms of the body. Recommended applications/industries: The results showed that C. pepo fruit shell is nutritious and can be used in formulating feed for livestocks, hence its disposal should be discouraged. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - تغییرات در ترکیبات اسانس پونه کوهی Menthalongifolia(L.) Huds رشد یافته در ایران
احمدرضا گلپرور امین هادی پناه محمدمهدی قیصری سعید صالحی رضا خلیلی اذر امید قاسمیمقدمه و هدف :پونه کوهی با نام علمی (MenthaLongifoliaL.) متعلق به خانواده نعناع (Lamiaceae)می­باشد.هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی عملکرد اسانس و ترکیبات شیمیایی موجود در قسمتهای هوایی گیاه بخصوص برگها، ساقه و گلهای گیاهپونه کوهیدر شرایط آب و هوایی ایران می­باشد. تحقیق Moreمقدمه و هدف :پونه کوهی با نام علمی (MenthaLongifoliaL.) متعلق به خانواده نعناع (Lamiaceae)می­باشد.هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی عملکرد اسانس و ترکیبات شیمیایی موجود در قسمتهای هوایی گیاه بخصوص برگها، ساقه و گلهای گیاهپونه کوهیدر شرایط آب و هوایی ایران می­باشد. تحقیق:استخراج اسانس به روش تقطیر با آب و به کمک دستگاه اسانس گیری طرح کلونجر صورت گرفت و میزان اسانس به وسیله دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مورد تجزیه و شناسایی قرار گرفت. تفاوت معنی­داری در عملکرد اسانس از قسمتهای هوایی (برگ، ساقه و گل) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث:نتایج بدست آمده از این تحقیق نشان داد که 34/1، 76/0 و 97/0 درصد در اسانس برگ، ساقه و گلهای پونه کوهی به ترتیب شناسایی شد. تفاوت معنی داری در سطح یک درصد در بین ترکیبات شیمیایی بدست آمد. ترکیبات اصلیاسانس برگهای گیاه شامل1,8-cineole(16/37 %)،piperitenone oxide(97/18 %)،sabinene(94/13 %)، α-pinene(92/8 %) و pulegone(14/6 %) بدست آمد.ترکیبات اصلیاسانس ساقه گیاه شامل1,8-cineole(81/36 %)،pulegone(61/18 %)، piperitenone oxide(21/12 %) و sabinene(05/7 %) حاصل شد. ترکیبات اصلیاسانس گلهای گیاه شاملpiperitenone oxide(67/37 %)،1,8-cineole(02/23 %)،sabinene(56/13 %) و α-pinene(45/10 %)بدست آمد. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی:خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی می­تواند تحت شرایط فاکتورهای مختلف یعنی محیطی و ژنتیکی قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Operating condition effect on achieving higher propene yield in propane oxidative dehydrogenation process
Yousef Zeinaly Seyed Mehdi Alavi -
Open Access Article
210 - استفاده از روش تجزیه Adomian و روش تکرار متغیر برای مشکلات سیستم پویا
Babatunde Yisaروش تجزیه Adomian و روش تکرار Variational Hee برای مشکلات نوسانگر غیرخطی که شامل نوسانگرهای محافظه کار است ، اعمال می شوند. به دلیل الگوریتم هایی که اصطلاحات غیرخطی را در مشکلات پذیرفته اند ، روش ها برای موارد عمومی و خاص موثر هستند. این دو روش بر روی برخی از مشکلات خاص Moreروش تجزیه Adomian و روش تکرار Variational Hee برای مشکلات نوسانگر غیرخطی که شامل نوسانگرهای محافظه کار است ، اعمال می شوند. به دلیل الگوریتم هایی که اصطلاحات غیرخطی را در مشکلات پذیرفته اند ، روش ها برای موارد عمومی و خاص موثر هستند. این دو روش بر روی برخی از مشکلات خاص در ادبیات آزمایش شده است ، و نتایج به دست آمده در مقایسه با نتایج به دست آمده از طریق استفاده از روش تعادل انرژی مقایسه شده است. Manuscript profile -
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211 - تجزیه تکنولوژی و شدت انرژی در کشورهای عضو اوپک: رویکرد تحلیل پوششی داده و مالم کوئیست
مهدی فلاح جلودار سمیه صادقیکاهش شدت انرژی از طریق دستیابی به بهره وری انرژی یک هدف جهانی در راستای توسعه پایدار است. شواهد نشان میدهد که شدت انرژی بیشتر کشورهای صادرکننده انرژی (مانند اوپک) در مقایسه با کشورهای واردکننده انرژی و اقتصادهای صنعتی بسیار بالا بوده است. از این رو، درک عوامل اصلی (یا Moreکاهش شدت انرژی از طریق دستیابی به بهره وری انرژی یک هدف جهانی در راستای توسعه پایدار است. شواهد نشان میدهد که شدت انرژی بیشتر کشورهای صادرکننده انرژی (مانند اوپک) در مقایسه با کشورهای واردکننده انرژی و اقتصادهای صنعتی بسیار بالا بوده است. از این رو، درک عوامل اصلی (یا محرکهای) شدت انرژی در کشورهای صادرکننده انرژی برای محققان و سیاستگذاران اقتصادی مهم است. از این رو،هدف این مقاله بررسی تاثیر تکنولوژی و اجزای آن (تغییر فنی و تغییر کارایی) بر تغییرات شدت انرژی در کشورهای عضو اوپک طی دوره زمانی 17-2000 با استفاده از رویکرد تحلیل پوششی داده و شاخص مالم کوئیست می باشد. یافته ها نشان می دهد که پیشرفت تکنولوژی نقش بسزایی در کاهش شدت انرژی کشورهای عضو اوپک داشته است. علاوه بر این، نتایج پس از تجزیه بهره وری کل ( TFP) با استفاده از روش DEA نشان میدهد که اثر منفی تغییرات فنی بر شدت انرژی بسیار بیشتر از اثر تغییر کارایی است، اگرچه مقادیر برآوردی این اجزا نسبتاً ضعیف می باشند. در ادامه، مهمترین عوامل اثرگذار بر پیشرفت تکنولوژی در کشورهای اوپک مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. یافته ها حاکی از آن است که در بین عوامل مورد بررسی، باز بودن تجاری عامل اصلی بهبود بهره وری در این کشورهاست. Manuscript profile -
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212 - SOLUTION OF FUZZY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS UNDER GENERALIZED DIFFERENTIABILITY BY ADOMIAN DECOMPOSITION METHOD
ت. اللهویرانلو ل. جمشیدی -
Open Access Article
213 - COMPARING NUMERICAL METHODS FOR THE SOLUTION OF THE DAMPED FORCED OSCILLATOR PROBLEM
ع.ر وحیدی ق. اسدی کردشولی ز. عظیم زاده -
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214 - SOLVING NONLINEAR KLEIN-GORDON EQUATION WITH A QUADRATIC NONLINEAR TERM USING HOMOTOPY ANALYSIS METHOD
H. جعفری م. سعیدی م. عرب فیروزجایی -
Open Access Article
215 - DECOMPOSITION METHOD FOR SOLVING FULLY FUZZY LINEAR SYSTEMS
م. مصلح م. اوتادی A. خانمیرزایی -
Open Access Article
216 - Adomian Decomposition Method On Nonlinear Singular Cauchy Problem of Euler-Poisson- Darbuox equation
Iyaya Wanjala -
Open Access Article
217 - Morning vs. Afternoon Harvest Time of Alfalfa, Clover, and Barley Affect the Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Silage
J. Bayatkouhsar F. Rezaii F. Ghanbari R. Rahchamani -
Open Access Article
218 - القاء شیردهی در گاوهای هلشتاین با استفاده از تزریق پروژسترون یا درج واژنی پروژسترون
F. Rivera-Acuna E. Prado-Martinez P. Luna-Nevarez M.G. Mendez-Castillo L. Avendano-Reyes J.F. Hernandez-Chavez J.L. Espinoza-Villavicencio J. Hernandez-Ceron A. Correa-Calderonهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر جایگزینی تزریق پروژسترون توسط پروژسترون واژینال در پارامترهای تولیدی و تولید مثلی گاوهای با مشکلات باروری پس از دورههای طولانی مدت از تنش گرمایی بود. پانزده گاو هلشتاین به طور تصادفی به یکی از سه گروه تیماری اختصاص داده شدند: 1) تحت درمان با Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر جایگزینی تزریق پروژسترون توسط پروژسترون واژینال در پارامترهای تولیدی و تولید مثلی گاوهای با مشکلات باروری پس از دورههای طولانی مدت از تنش گرمایی بود. پانزده گاو هلشتاین به طور تصادفی به یکی از سه گروه تیماری اختصاص داده شدند: 1) تحت درمان با دو درج واژنی پروژسترون (P4-INS)، 2) تحت درمان با پروژسترون و استرادیول از طریق تزریق (P4-INJ) و 3) کنترل، گاو با آبستنی و زایمان معمول. همه گاوها با دستورالعمل زمانی تلقیح مصنوعیPresynch-Co-Synch تیمار شدند و پس از آن در 71 روز شیردهی تلقیح شدند. غلظت P4 در (P4-INS) و (P4-INJ) گاو در طول 7 روز اول القاء شیردهی مشابه بود (05/0P>) و پس از آن به صورت خطی در هر دو گروه افزایش یافت. تولید تصحیح شده شیر، تولید شیر کل، و میانگین تولید شیر روزانه در گاوهای تیمار شده مشابه بود (05/0P>)، اما گاوهای گروه (P4-INJ) تولید شیر کمتری (05/0P<) از گاوهای کنترل داشتند. روزهای شیردهی و اوج عملکرد در میان تمام گروه ها مشابه بود (05/0P>). درصد چربی شیر و پروتئین، و نیز روزهای اوج تولید شیر در هر دو گروه تحت تیمار نسبت به گروه کنترل بالاتر بود (05/0P<). نمره وضعیت بدن، خدمات در آبستنی، آبستنی در اولین سرویس، آبستنی کل، روزهای باز و نرخ حذف در پایان شیردهی در میان گروهها مشابه بود (05/0P>) تجویز پروژسترون توسط تزریق یا با درج واژنی منجر به پارامترهای مشابه تولیدی و تولید مثلی گاو شیری با القاء شیردهی شد. Manuscript profile -
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219 - اثرات دفعات شیردوشی روی تولید و ترکیبات شیر گاوهای هلشتاین
آی. بوجنانههدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر دفعات شیردوشی (روزانه دوبار در مقابل روزانه سه بار) روی مقدار شیر، چربی و پروتئین دوره شیردهی 305 روزه و درصد چربی و پروتئین گاوهای شیری هلشتاین در مراکش بود. دادههای آنالیز شده برای 31400 رکورد جمعآوری شده بین سالهای 2009 و 2016 روی 14272 Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر دفعات شیردوشی (روزانه دوبار در مقابل روزانه سه بار) روی مقدار شیر، چربی و پروتئین دوره شیردهی 305 روزه و درصد چربی و پروتئین گاوهای شیری هلشتاین در مراکش بود. دادههای آنالیز شده برای 31400 رکورد جمعآوری شده بین سالهای 2009 و 2016 روی 14272 گاو پرورش داده شده در 194 گله بودند. دفعات شیردوشی اثرات معنیداری (5.05>P) روی مقدار شیر، چربی و پروتئین 305 روزه و همچنین درصد چربی داشت. مقدار شیر، چربی و پروتئین و درصد چربی به ترتیب با مقادیر 265.1، 13.3، 5.8 و 0.3 کیلوگرم، یعنی به ترتیب 3.19، 4.48، 2.40 و 0.75 درصد برای گاوهای سه بار دوشیده شده نسبت به آنهایی که روزانه دوبار دوشیده شده بودند بالاتر بود. اگرچه، دفعات دوشش درصد پروتئین را تحت تأثیر قرار نداد (0.05<P). اثر متقابل بین زایش و دفعات دوشش برای هر صفت مطالعه شده معنیدار نبود (0.05<P). براساس نتایج این مطالعه، میتوان نتیجه گرفته شود که افزایش دفعات دوشش مقدار شیر، چربی و پروتئین و همچنین درصد چربی را بدون در نظر گرفتن زایش افزایش میدهد. اگرچه، مقدار شیر اضافی به دست آمده ممکن است هزینه کار ناشی از شیردوشی اضافی را جبران نکند. Manuscript profile -
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220 - ارزش اقتصادی و کیفیت شیر تولید شده در گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین در سیستم سبز (ارگانیک)
م. شریفی ر. پهلوان ع. آقاییدر دهههای گذشته، تقاضای جهانی برای تولیدات کشاورزی سبز به سرعت رو به افزایش است. کیفیت شیر یکی از علاقههای اصلی برای همه بخشها میباشد. بنابراین، موضوع این مطالعه مقایسه عملکرد گاوها و کیفیت شیر تولیدی در سیستمهای رایج و سبز (ارگانیک) بوده است. 20 رأس گاو هلشتاین در Moreدر دهههای گذشته، تقاضای جهانی برای تولیدات کشاورزی سبز به سرعت رو به افزایش است. کیفیت شیر یکی از علاقههای اصلی برای همه بخشها میباشد. بنابراین، موضوع این مطالعه مقایسه عملکرد گاوها و کیفیت شیر تولیدی در سیستمهای رایج و سبز (ارگانیک) بوده است. 20 رأس گاو هلشتاین در دو گروه غذایی اختصاص یافته بودند که شامل جیره رایج (CON) و سیستم سبز (ارگانیک) با علوفه بالا (OHF) بود. گاوهای چند شکمزا (شکم سوم و چهارم) به طور تصادفی در بین تیمارها قرار داده شد. علوفه مرتعی به عنوان بخشی از خوراک بکار گرفته شده بود، و به گاوها مواد متراکم و علوفه سیلویی دوبار در روز ارائه میشد. ماده خشک مصرفی و شیر تولیدی در طی 200 اول شیردهی روز اندازهگیری شد. بعلاوه، سلولهای سوماتیک شیر، ارزش خوراک و کارایی خوراک هر 20 روز در میان تعیین گردید. تولید شیر بین گاوها متفاوت بود که به ترتیب برای تیمارOHF دارای 5/22 کیلوگرم شیر در روز و تیمارCON دارای 9/28 کیلوگرم شیر در روز بود. وزن بدن گاوها بین دو تیمار تفاوت معنیداری نداشت؛ با این حال، تفاوت در نمره وضعیت بدنی قابل مشاهده بود (05/0P<). اگرچه انرژی تصحیح شده شیر، نیتروژن اوره ایی شیر، کورتیزول و اسید بتا هیدروکسی بوتیرات در گاوهای تغذیه شده در سیستم رایج بالاتر بود؛ چربی شیر، اسید فیتانیک، هیپوریک اسید و نرخ سود به هزینه گاوهای تغذیه شده از سیستم سبز بالاتر شد (05/0P<). بعلاوه، کارایی خوراک، ارزش ریالی خوراک و نیتروژن اوره ایی خون در گاوهای تغذیه شده در سیستم سبز (ارگانیک) پایین تر مشاهده شد (05/0P<). Manuscript profile -
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221 - بررسی تأثیر جای گزینی بخشی از کنجاله سویا با نخود زراعی پولکی شده بر تولید و ترکیب شیر، و میزان مصرف خوراک گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین
آ. پیرزاده نائینی م. دانش مسگران ع.ر. وکیلی ه. ابراهیمیمطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی تأثیر جایگزین نمودن بخشی از کنجاله سویا با نخود زراعی (Pisum sativum) در جیره گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین بر میزان مصرف ماده خشک، تولید و ترکیب شیر، غلظت متابولیت ­های خون، غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی و pH شکمبه صورت گرفت. تعداد 18 رأس گاو شیرده هلشتای Moreمطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی تأثیر جایگزین نمودن بخشی از کنجاله سویا با نخود زراعی (Pisum sativum) در جیره گاوهای شیرده هلشتاین بر میزان مصرف ماده خشک، تولید و ترکیب شیر، غلظت متابولیت ­های خون، غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی و pH شکمبه صورت گرفت. تعداد 18 رأس گاو شیرده هلشتاین براساس وزن بدن، روزهای شیردهی و تولید شیر به طور تصادفی در 3 گروه آزمایشی قرار گرفتند. نخود زراعی پولکی شده در سطوح صفر، 33 و 66 درصد جایگزین کنجاله سویا گردید و به مدت 33 روز در جیره گاوها مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. استفاده از جیره­ های متفاوت هیچ تأثیر معنی ­داری بر میزان ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید شیر، محتوای چربی و پروتئین شیر، متابولیت­ های خون، غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی و pH شکمبه نداشت. نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که نخود زراعی می­تواند بدون تأثیر منفی تا سطح 66 درصد در جیره گاوهای شیرده پرتولید جایگزین کنجاله سویا گردد. Manuscript profile -
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222 - ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید شیر و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب شیر گاوهای شیری تغذیه شده با جیره غذایی حاوی پنبه دانه و جایگزین آن با دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده
ح. پایا ا. تقی زادهتحقیق حاضر جهت بررسی تأثیر افزودن دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده بر میزان ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید و ترکیبات شیر، ترکیب اسیدهای چرب شیر، پارمترهای خونی و قابلیت هضم ظاهری در گاوهای تازهزا انجام شد. 9 رأس گاو شیری تازهزا و چند شکم زایش به ­صورت تصادفی یکی از سه جیره آ Moreتحقیق حاضر جهت بررسی تأثیر افزودن دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده بر میزان ماده خشک مصرفی، تولید و ترکیبات شیر، ترکیب اسیدهای چرب شیر، پارمترهای خونی و قابلیت هضم ظاهری در گاوهای تازهزا انجام شد. 9 رأس گاو شیری تازهزا و چند شکم زایش به ­صورت تصادفی یکی از سه جیره آزمایشی را در قالب طرح مربع لاتین 3 × 3 دریافت کردند. جیره­های آزمایشی شامل جیره حاوی پنبه دانه (جیره شاهد)، جیره حاوی دانه گلرنگ خام به میزان 40 گرم در کیوگرم ماده خشک جیره (جایگزین شده با پنبه دانه) و جیره حاوی دانه گلرنگ مایکروویو شده به میزان 40 گرم در کیوگرم ماده خشک جیره (جایگزین شده با پنبه دانه) بود. نتایج حاصل نشانگر عدم تأثیر معنی­دار اضافه کردن دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده بر تولید، چربی، پروتئین و لاکتوز شیر بود. افزودن دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده میزان اسیدهای چرب بلند زنجیر، اسید چرب 18 کربنه با یک پیوند دوگانه ترانس، اسیدهای چرب 18 کربنه با دو پیوند دوگانه و اسیدهای چرب با چندین پیوند دوگانه را افزایش و میزان اسید چرب 16 کربنه را کاهش داد (0.05>P). میزان اسید چرب لینولئیک کونژوگه سیس 9– ترانس 11 شیر تولیدی در اثر تغذیه دانه گلرنگ مایکروویو شده تمایل به افزایش نشان داد. در کل نتایج نشان دادند که مصرف دانه گلرنگ خام و مایکروویو شده تأثیر منفی بر راندمان تولید شیر نداشته و در مقابل توانسته کیفیت شیر تولیدی را با افزایش اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع بهبود بخشد. Manuscript profile -
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223 - Effects of Dietary Protein and Energy Levels on Productive and Reproductive Performance of Lactating Buffaloes
H.M.A. Gaafar E.M. Abdel-Raouf M.M. Bendary G.H.A. Ghanem K.F.A. El-Riedy -
Open Access Article
224 - تعیین ترکیبات شیمیایی و قابلیت هضم برون تنی و درون تنی ضایعات چای در گوسفند
م. زاهدی فر ح. فضائلی ا.ر. صفایی س.م. علویفراوری چای شامل چند مرحله است که در سه مرحله شامل، خشک کردن، فایبرمات و غربال ضایعاتی بر جای می­ماند. در این تحقیق بیست و پنج درصد از کل کارخانجات چای خشک­کنی انتخاب شدند. تعداد سه نمونه جداگانه از هر کارخانه تهیه شده و مورد تجزیه شیمیایی و تعیین قابلیت هض Moreفراوری چای شامل چند مرحله است که در سه مرحله شامل، خشک کردن، فایبرمات و غربال ضایعاتی بر جای می­ماند. در این تحقیق بیست و پنج درصد از کل کارخانجات چای خشک­کنی انتخاب شدند. تعداد سه نمونه جداگانه از هر کارخانه تهیه شده و مورد تجزیه شیمیایی و تعیین قابلیت هضم برون­تنی و درون­تنی و مصرف اختیاری قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که پروتئین خام ضایعات چای در مراحل خشک کردن، فایبرمات و غربال به ترتیب 198، 193 و 194 گرم در کیلوگرم بود و اختلاف بین آنها معنی­دار نبود. تراکم خاکستر خام در سه مرحله خشک کردن، فایبرمات و غربال به ترتیب 64.0، 62.0 و 56.0 گرم در کیلوگرم بود که خاکستر در نمونه غربال به طور معنی­داری کمتر بود (0.05>P). مقادیر پتاسیم، کلسیم، فسفر، منیزیم و سدیم برای ضایعات چای در سه مرحله ذکر شده به ترتیب 16.2، 4.2، 2.5، 2.2 و 0.73 گرم در کیلوگرم بود که اختلاف بین آنها معنی­دار نبود. میانگین ضریب قابلیت هضم برون­تنی برای DM، OM، OM/DM و GE برای ضایعات چای سه مرحله خشک کردن، فایبرمات و غربال به ترتیب 0.48، 0.44، 0.42 و 0.42 بود. نتایج آزمایشات قابلیت هضم درون­تنی نشان­دهنده روند کاهشی در ضرایب قابلیت هضم DM، OM، OM/DM و GE با افزایش سطوح ضایعات چای در جیره بود و کاهش در ضرایب قابلیت هضم برای CP و NDF معنی­دار (0.05>P) بود. میانگین انرژی قابل هضم ضایعات چای 0.10 مگاژول در کیلوگرم بود و از این جهت بین سه نمونه ضایعات چای اختلاف معنی­داری وجود نداشت. سطح 0.80 گرم در کیلوگرم ضایعات چای در جیره مصرف اختیاری خوراک را به طور معنی­داری (0.05>P) کاهش داد. ضایعات چای می­تواند بخشی از جیره دام­های نشخوار­کننده را شامل شود ولی سطح آن به واسطه وجود مواد بازدارنده باید محدود گردد. Manuscript profile -
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225 - Productive Performance of Lactating Buffaloes Fed RationContaining Sugar Beet Tops and Corn Silages
H.M.A. Gaafar E.M. Abdel-Raouf M.M. Bendary G.H. Ghanem K.F. El-Reidy -
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226 - Milk Yield and Composition of Red Sokoto and Weast African Dwarf Does Raised Intensively in a Hot Humid Environment
F.O. Ahamefule O. Odilinye E.N. Nwachukwu -
Open Access Article
227 - Assessment of Lipid Metabolism in Broilers against Plant Extract and Probiotic Substance or Their Combined Use
G. Duskaev O. Kvan I. Vershinina S. Rakhmatullin -
Open Access Article
228 - تأثیر فصل مرطوب و خشک بر ترکیب شیر شتر جماز (Camelus dromedarius) تونس
اچ. حامد ا. ال فکی ا. گرگوریاین مطالعه برای بررسی اثر فصل (مرطوب و خشک) بر ترکیب شیر شتر جماز (Camelus dromedarius) صورت گرفته است. نمونه­های شیر مربوط به فصول مرطوب و خشک برای مواد جامد کُل (TS)، چربی (F)، مواد جامد غیر چربی (SNF)، خاکستر، پروتئین خام (CP)، نیتروژن محلول در 6/4 =pH، محتوای مو Moreاین مطالعه برای بررسی اثر فصل (مرطوب و خشک) بر ترکیب شیر شتر جماز (Camelus dromedarius) صورت گرفته است. نمونه­های شیر مربوط به فصول مرطوب و خشک برای مواد جامد کُل (TS)، چربی (F)، مواد جامد غیر چربی (SNF)، خاکستر، پروتئین خام (CP)، نیتروژن محلول در 6/4 =pH، محتوای مواد معدنی (MC) و بخش کازئین (CnF) آنالیز گردیدند. محتوای چربی شیر شتر در فصل مرطوب بالاتر بود (05/0>P). مقادیر پروتئین خام، TS، SNF و SN (درصد) نیز در طی فصل مرطوب بالاتر بودند (01/0>P). مقدار خاکستر در دو فصل مشابه بود (05/0<P). غلظت Mg، Na و K تحت تأثیر فصل واقع شده ولی در مورد غلظت­های Ca و Cl این موضوع صادق نبود. نتایج حاصل از تحقیق حاضر نشان می­دهد که افزایش CnF مشاهده شده شیر در فصل مرطوب ناشی از افزایش مقادیر بتا کازئین و آلفا یک کازئین نبوده است. در بین کازئین­ها، بخش­های کاپا کازئین و آلفا دو کازئین در فصول مختلف متفاوت نبوده­اند. ولی شیر حاصل از شترها در تابستان مقادیر بالاتری آلفا یک کازئین و بتا کازئین داشته است. نتایج حاصل نشان می­دهند که اثرات فصل بر ترکیب شیمیایی شیر شتر می­تواند بر خصوصیات فرآوری این شیر تأثیر بگذارد. Manuscript profile -
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229 - مروری بر بیوهیدروژناسیون و اثرات تانن بر آن
ر. ولیزاده یونجالی ف. میرزایی آقجه قشلاق ب. نویدشاد س. کرامتی جبهدارفرآیند تحت عنوان بیوهیدروزناسیون اساساً در دام­های نشخوارکننده اتفاق افتاده و در طی آن اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع و به ویژه اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع با چند پیوند دوگانه (لینولئیک و لینولنیک) به شکل اشباع استئاریک اسید تبدیل می­شوند. برای سال­های زیادی، اثرات سو Moreفرآیند تحت عنوان بیوهیدروزناسیون اساساً در دام­های نشخوارکننده اتفاق افتاده و در طی آن اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع و به ویژه اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع با چند پیوند دوگانه (لینولئیک و لینولنیک) به شکل اشباع استئاریک اسید تبدیل می­شوند. برای سال­های زیادی، اثرات سودمند اسیدهای چرب میان مرحله­ای بیوهیدروژناسیون مانند سیس 9 ترانس 11 لینولئیک اسید، ایزومر طبیعی اصلی لینولئیک اسید مزدوج (CLA)، و ایزومر ترانس 9 ترانس 11 CLA به ویژه در پیشگیری از سرطان، اثبات شده است. محققان بسیاری تلاش در استفاده از ترکیباتی برای مداخله در بیوهیدروژناسیون و افزایش سوبستراهای CLA (مانند واسینیک اسید) داشته­اند. اخیراً، به دلیل اثرات بر جمعیت میکروبی شکمبه و بدین ترتیب بر بیوهیدروژناسیون، تانن، یک ترکیب پلی­فنولی، در مرکز توجه قرار گرفته است. به خوبی شناخته شده است که تانن به ویژه تانن متراکم جمعیت باکتری­های دخیل بیوهیدروژناسین را تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهد. در نتیجه، کاهش در بیوهیدروژناسیون از طریق افزودن جیره­ای تانن روشی سودمند برای تغییر پروفیل اسیدهای چرب شیر به سمت اسیدهای چرب مروج سلامتی است. Manuscript profile -
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230 - The Relationship between Different Body Types of Kalmyk Steers and Their Raw Meat Production and Quality
I.F. Gorlov M.I. Slozhenkina A.V. Randelin A.A. Mosolov B.K. Bolaev A.I. Belyaev E.Y. Zlobina D.A. Mosolova -
Open Access Article
231 - عوامل مؤثر بر طول دوره خشکی و تأثیر آن روی تولید و ترکیبات شیر در شیردهی بعدی گاوهای هلشتاین
آی. بوجنانهاین پژوهش با هدف تعیین عوامل مؤثر بر طول دوره خشکی و تأثیر روزهای خشک روی مقدار شیر، ترکیبات شیر و طول شیردهی در شیردهی بعدی گاوهای شیری انجام شد. دادههای استفاده شده برای آنالیز 7264 رکورد شیردهی جمعآوری شده از سال 2012 تا 2016 در 4737 گاو هلشتاین پرورش یافته در 152 Moreاین پژوهش با هدف تعیین عوامل مؤثر بر طول دوره خشکی و تأثیر روزهای خشک روی مقدار شیر، ترکیبات شیر و طول شیردهی در شیردهی بعدی گاوهای شیری انجام شد. دادههای استفاده شده برای آنالیز 7264 رکورد شیردهی جمعآوری شده از سال 2012 تا 2016 در 4737 گاو هلشتاین پرورش یافته در 152 گله را شامل میشد. مدل آماری استفاده شده برای تعیین عوامل مؤثر بر طول دوره خشکی نشان داد که گاوهای چندشکم دوره خشکی با 7/3 روز بلندتر از گاوهای شکم اول داشتند، و گاوهایی که از اکتبر تا فوریه زایش کردهاند دوره خشکی با 5/2 روز کوتاهتر از گاوهایی که از مارس تا سپتامبر زایش کردهاند داشتند. مدل مختلط استفاده شده برای ارزیابی تأثیر دوره خشکی روی مقدار شیر، ترکیبات شیر و طول شیردهی نشان داد که دوره خشکی به طور معنیداری مقدار و ترکیبات شیر را در 305 روز شیردهی بعدی تحت تأثیر قرار میدهد، اما طول شیردهی را خیر (05/0P<). مقادیر شیر، چربی و پروتئین در شیردهی بعدی با یک دوره خشکی 41 تا 60 روزه حداکثر بودند، در حالیکه دورههای خشکی کمتر از 20 روز منتج به خسارات بسیار شدیدی در عملکرد شیردهی بعدی میشوند. درصدهای چربی و پروتئین با کلاسهای دوره خشکی بیشتر از 80 روز بیشترین و کمتر یا برابر با 20 روز به ترتیب بودند. برهم­کنش بین زایش و طول دوره خشکی برای هر صفت مورد مطالعه معنیدار نبود (05/0P<)، نشان دهنده اینکه تأثیر روزهای خشکی بر مقدار و ترکیبات شیر در طول شیردهیها ثابت بود. این نتیجه گرفته شد که دوره خشکی از 40 تا 80 روز خشکی حداکثر عملکرد را در گاوهای هلشتاین فراهم میآورد. Manuscript profile -
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232 - Chemical Composition, Ruminal Dry Matter, Crude Protein andCell Wall Degradation Kinetics of Pasture Forages Dominant in the West Provinces of Iran
P. Shawrang Sadeghi Sadeghi H. Vatankhah -
Open Access Article
233 - Feeding of Safflower (Carthamus tintorius) Cake in Small Ruminant Total Mixed Rations: Effects on Growth Traits and Meat Fatty Acid Composition
V. Tufarelli A. Vicenti M. Ragni F. Pinto M. Selvaggi -
Open Access Article
234 - تعیین ارزش غذایی کمپوست و ساقه قارچ سفید دکمه ای با استفاده از روش های آزمایشگاهی
ب. بزیون ا. تقی زاده پایا پایا ع. حسین خانیتحقیق حاضر جهت تعیین ترکیبات شیمیایی، انرژی قابل متابولیسم و انرژی خالص شیردهی با استفاده از روش تولید گاز و ناپدید شدن شکمبه ‏ای ماده خشک با روش آزمایشگاهی برای کمپوست و ساقه قارچ سفید دکمه‏ ای انجام شد. تحقیق حاضر در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و با سه تیمار ساقه ق Moreتحقیق حاضر جهت تعیین ترکیبات شیمیایی، انرژی قابل متابولیسم و انرژی خالص شیردهی با استفاده از روش تولید گاز و ناپدید شدن شکمبه ‏ای ماده خشک با روش آزمایشگاهی برای کمپوست و ساقه قارچ سفید دکمه‏ ای انجام شد. تحقیق حاضر در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و با سه تیمار ساقه قارچ، کمپوست قارچ و علوفه یونجه انجام شد. داده‏ های به ­دست آمده توسط نرم ­افزار آماری SAS آنالیز گردید. ماده خشک، پروتئین خام، خاکستر خام، عصاره اتری، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی و الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی برای ساقه قارچ، کمپوست و یونجه به ‏ترتیب 10.3، 16.8، 8.6، 3.48، 31.5 و 13.4؛ 42.4، 12.8، 42.41، 3.14، 21.5 و 16.2؛ 96.4، 12.2، 9، 2.2، 36.3 و 32.3 بود. بیشترین و کمترین تولید گاز بعد از 120 ساعت انکوباسیون به ترتیب برای ساقه قارچ و کمپوست بود. پتانسیل تولید گاز برای ساقه قارچ، یونجه و کمپوست به ترتیب 223.01، 200.00 و 114.53 میلی‏لیتر گاز به ازای هر گرم ماده خشک بود. نرخ تولید گاز برای ساقه قارچ، کمپوست و یونجه به ترتیب 07/0، 03/0 و 08/0 در ساعت بود. بیشترین میزان انرژی قابل متابولیسم و انرژی خالص شیردهی برای ساقه قارچ به ترتیب با 8.01 و 4.82 مگاژول در کیلوگرم ماده خشک بود. بیشترین و کمترین میزان ناپدیدشدن شکمبه ماده خشک به ‏ترتیب برای ساقه قارچ و کمپوست بود. در کل نتایج بیانگر بالا بودن ارزش غذایی ساقه قارچ نسبت به سایر مواد خوراکی مورد آزمایش بود که می ‏تواند در تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان مورد استفاده قرار­گیرد. Manuscript profile -
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235 - اثر مکمل چربی و طول اندازه ذرات بر ترکیب شیر و تخمیر شکمبهایی گاوهای تغذیه شده از جیرههای حاوی سیلوی یونجه
م. شریفی ع. حسین خانی م. صوفی زاده ج. موسویهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر مکمل چربی بر افزایش اسید لینولئیک کانژوگه شیر (CLA) در اوایل شیردهی بدون تأثیر تخمیر شکمبهایی بر آن بود. 24 رأس گاو هلشتاین در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با فاکتوریل 2 × 4 مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. فاکتورها شامل اندازه ذرات (15 و 25 میلیمتر) Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر مکمل چربی بر افزایش اسید لینولئیک کانژوگه شیر (CLA) در اوایل شیردهی بدون تأثیر تخمیر شکمبهایی بر آن بود. 24 رأس گاو هلشتاین در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با فاکتوریل 2 × 4 مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. فاکتورها شامل اندازه ذرات (15 و 25 میلیمتر) و دو منبع مختلف یونجه همراه با و بدون چربی (یونجه خشک، یونجه خشک به علاوه 3 درصد چربی، سیلوی یونجه و سیلوی یونجه به علاوه 3 درصد چربی) بود. نتایج نشان داد که مکمل چربی هیچ تأثیری در وضعیت بدنی، عملکرد شیر، رفتارهای غذایی و اسید چرب C18 شیر نداشته است. سیلوی یونجه با چربی سبب افزایش قابل توجهی در مقدار میزان C18:1 و C18:2 در شکمبه و شیر نسبت به یونجه خشک با چربی داشته است. اندازه ذرات علوفه هیچ تأثیری بر تولید شیر، اسیدهای چرب C18 شیر، ازت آمونیاکی و بوتیرات در شکمبه نداشته است. مصرف ماده خشک، چربی شیر و اسید استیک با مکمل چربی کاهش یافته است. سیلوی یونجه اثر قابل توجهی در مصرف ماده خشک، چربی شیر، زمان نشخوار و تخمیر شکمبه داشته است. رفتار تغذیه با کاهش اندازه ذرات کاهش یافته است. نتایج نشان داد که سیلوی یونجه با چربی سبب افزایش تولید شیر، توسعه CLA شیر، بهبود متابولیتهای خونی و شکمبهایی و حفظ وزن بالاتر بدن در گاوهای شیری هلشتاین می شود Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - تأثیر نمره شرایط بدنی بر تولید و ترکیب شیر در گاوهای شیری آمیخته
م.ای. حسین تی. چندا جی.کا. دبناث م.م. حسن آ.اچ. شایکات م.آ. هکواین مطالعه بر روی 120 گاو شیری آمیخته هلشتاین فریزین در طی یک دوره 150 روزه در میانه دوره شیردهی صورت گرفت و هدف از اجرای آن کمی­سازی تأثیر نمره شرایط بدنی (BCS) بر تولید و ترکیب شیر بود. از 12 مزرعه پرورش گاو شیری با شرایط پرورشی یکسان استفاده شد. در هر یک از این د Moreاین مطالعه بر روی 120 گاو شیری آمیخته هلشتاین فریزین در طی یک دوره 150 روزه در میانه دوره شیردهی صورت گرفت و هدف از اجرای آن کمی­سازی تأثیر نمره شرایط بدنی (BCS) بر تولید و ترکیب شیر بود. از 12 مزرعه پرورش گاو شیری با شرایط پرورشی یکسان استفاده شد. در هر یک از این دو مزرعه حداقل 20 گاو شیری آمیخته که در میانه دوره شیردهی بودند، در این مطالعه استفاده شد. تأثیر نمره شرایط بدنی انفرادی گاوها در مقیاس 1 تا 5 رکورد برداری گردید. از هر گاو به صورت انفرادی نمونه شیر گرفته شد. نمونه­های جمع­آوری شده از گاوهای با BCS مشابه با یکدیگر مخلوط شدند تا نمونه مرکب به دست آید. آنالیزهای شیمیایی نمونه­ها برای چربی، پروتئین، لاکتوز، خاکستر، ماده خشک کُل (TS) و ماده خشک غیر چربی (SNF) سه بار صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که BCS تأثیر معنی ­داری بر تولید شیر، چربی شیر و خاکستر شیر در گاوهای شیری آمیخته هلشتاین فریزین دارد (05/0>P). بالاترین تولید شیر (80/1±45/13) در تأثیر نمره شرایط بدنیهای متوسط (0/3) رکورد برداری شده و پس از آن مقادیر کمتر (75/2 تا 25/2) و بیشتر (25/3 تا 00/4) قرار می­گرفتند. افزایش پروتئین، لاکتوز، TS، SNF و گرانروی مخصوص (SG) همگام با با افزایش BCS تا 4 معنی ­داری نبوده است (05/0<P). ماتریس ضرایب همبستگی نشان داد که BCS با تولید شیر همبستگی منفی دارد. ولی همبستگی بین BCS و پروتئین، لاکتوز، TS، SNF و SG شیر مثبت بوده ولی شدت این رابطه متغیر بوده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - اثر زمانهای مختلف تغذیه روی عملکرد گاوهای شیری دورگه در طی تنش گرمایی تابستان
م. گول آی. احمد ر. خان اس. ام سهیل اس. اختر آ. رحمان آ. ایجاز آ. گوهربخش پرورش حیوانات اهلی در پاکستان یک موقعیت بی­نظیر را در توسعه اقتصاد ملی این کشور شامل می­شود. مطالعه حاضر برای ارزیابی به کارگیری استراتژی کاهش استرس گرما از طریق استفاده از زمان­های مختلف تغذیه روی صفات عملکردی تولید و ترکیب شیر و خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی آ Moreبخش پرورش حیوانات اهلی در پاکستان یک موقعیت بی­نظیر را در توسعه اقتصاد ملی این کشور شامل می­شود. مطالعه حاضر برای ارزیابی به کارگیری استراتژی کاهش استرس گرما از طریق استفاده از زمان­های مختلف تغذیه روی صفات عملکردی تولید و ترکیب شیر و خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی آن در گاوهای شیری در طی فصل تابستان انجام شد. بیست رأس گاو هلشتاین فریزین به طور تصادفی در چهار گروه تیماری (G1: 80/20، G2: 50/50،G3 : 100/0 وG4 : 0/100؛ از نسبت­های روز به شب) تقسیم شدند. تولید و ترکیب شیر و خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمایی آن و سطح مالون­دی­آلدئید در سرم خون تعیین شدند. نتیجه­گیری اینکه تغییرات در زمان تغذیه، به طور معنی­داری تولید شیر را در گروه­هایی که در بخش خنک­تر روز تغذیه می­کردند افزایش داد. ترکیب شیر و خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی آن نیز از نوسانات تغذیه در زمان­های صبح و عصر تأثیر ­پذیرفته­اند. بنابراین، تغییر در زمان تغذیه در طی فصل تابستان در نواحی گرم یک روش عملیاتی مناسب برای بر طرف نمودن اثرات تنش گرمایی روی عملکرد تولیدی گاوهای شیری است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - ترکیب شیمیایی، تجزیه پذیری و قابلیت هضم پوست گردوی فرآوری شده با قارچ نوروسپورا سیتوفیلا
م. تکلوزاده ا. دیانی ر. طهماسبیدر این تحقیق ارزش غذایی پوست گردوی فرآوری شده با قارچ نوروسپورا سیتوفیلا مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ترکیب شیمیایی نمونهها به وسیله آنالیزهای آزمایشگاهی ارزیابی شد. آزمایش قابلیت هضم به روش in vitro برای تعیین ضرایب هضم ماده خشک، ماده آلی و همچنین ماده آلی در ماده خشک برای ت Moreدر این تحقیق ارزش غذایی پوست گردوی فرآوری شده با قارچ نوروسپورا سیتوفیلا مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ترکیب شیمیایی نمونهها به وسیله آنالیزهای آزمایشگاهی ارزیابی شد. آزمایش قابلیت هضم به روش in vitro برای تعیین ضرایب هضم ماده خشک، ماده آلی و همچنین ماده آلی در ماده خشک برای تخمین مقدار انرژی قابل متابولیسم پوست گردوی فرآوری شده انجام شد. تجزیه پذیری ماده آلی و مواد نامحلول در شوینده خنثی نمونهها با روش in situ در ساعتهای صفر، 3، 6، 12، 24، 48 و 72 ساعت پس از انکوباسیون تعیین شد و کینتیک آنها با استفاده از فرمول P= a + b(1−e−ct) توضیح داده شد. شاخص ارزش غذایی نمونهها با استفاده از معادله NIV= a + 0.4b + 200c محاسبه گردید. دادههای به دست آمده در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی آنالیز شدند. مقدار تانن و فنول پوست گردو به وسیله فرآوری کاهش پیدا کرد (05/0>P). هیچ تأثیر معنی داری بر پارامترهای تجزیه پذیری و شاخص ارزش غذایی پس از فرآوری مشاهد نشد. ضرایب هضمی ماده خشک، ماده آلی، ماده آلی در ماده خشک و انرژی قابل متابولیسم پوست گردوی فرآوری شده به طور معنی داری کمتر از پوست گردوی فرآوری نشده بود (05/0>P). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Comparative Effect of Different Milking Methods and Udder Hygiene on Somatic Cell Count and Milk Quality in Dairy Cows
Z. Rehman Khalil S. Akhter A. Rahman I. Ahmad S. Khan S.M. Sohail I. Amin Khalil F. Ullah -
Open Access Article
240 - بررسی بیوشیمیایی کنجاله بذر کاستور فرآوری شده در تغذیه و فیزیولوژی بلدرچینهای ژاپنی
آ.آ. آنانگیو جی.اُ. آته جی.ک. جوزف م.آ. بلوو آ.اُ. آدینا آ.اس. آکانبی آ.ت. یوسف ف.ای. سولا-اُجو اس.اُ. آجید و.اُ. چیمزی جی.اچ. اِدوهدر این پژوهش، کنجاله بذر کاستور تیمار شده و روغن­گیری شده برای آنالیز تقریبی و سنجش مواد ضد تغذیه­ای (فیتوکمیکال­ها) مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. کیک بذر توسط تکنیک بیوشیمیایی تخمیر حالت جامد با استفاده از Aspergillus niger و افزودن اکسید کلسیم (CaO) تیمار شده Moreدر این پژوهش، کنجاله بذر کاستور تیمار شده و روغن­گیری شده برای آنالیز تقریبی و سنجش مواد ضد تغذیه­ای (فیتوکمیکال­ها) مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. کیک بذر توسط تکنیک بیوشیمیایی تخمیر حالت جامد با استفاده از Aspergillus niger و افزودن اکسید کلسیم (CaO) تیمار شده و به این ترتیب کنجاله بذر کاستور تیمار شده (TCSM) به دست آمد. تعداد 120 قطعه جوجه بلدرچین ژاپنی (Coturnix coturnix japonica) در چهار تیمار شامل مقادیر صفر، 5/2، 5 و 5/7 درصد TCSM (تیمارهای 1، 2، 3 و 4) با جیره­های با سطوح یکسان نیتروژن و انرژی خوراک­دهی شدند. آزمایش تا روز 56 ادامه داشته و غذا و آب به صورت اختیاری به حیوانات ارائه شد. داه­های ترکیب تقریبی خوراک نشان داد که بذر خام بقایای چربیگیری شده (کیک) و کنجاله بذر کاستور فرآوری شده حاوی مواد مغذی ارزشمند نظیر ماده خشک، پروتئین خام، چربی، فیبر، مواد معدنی و کربوهیدرات­های محلول (NFE) است. کمی­سازی فیتوکمیکال­ها نشان می­دهد که سطوح بالایی از مواد ضد تغذیه­ای نظیر رایسین، آلرژن­ها و رایسینین در بذر خام وجود دارد. ولی با چربی­گیری و اعمال تیمار روی کنجاله کیک از طریق تخمیر حالت جامد توسط A. niger و CaO سطوح این فیتوکمیکال­ها کاهش یافته است. نتایج صفات عملکردی حاکی از کاهش در مصرف غذا، افزایش وزن، و رشد بوده و نرخ مرگ و میر نیز به طور ویژه در جیره حاوی بالاترین سطح (5/7 درصد) TCSM در مقایسه با جیره کنترل افزایش یافته است (05/0>P). ماندگاری مواد مغذی در جیره­های آزمایشی با مقادیر اندازه­گیری شده در جیره مرجع برای کربوهیدرات­های محلول قابل مقایسه نبوده و با افزایش CSM در مقایسه با جیره شاهد، کاهش یافته است (05/0>P). در پارامترهای خون­شناسی، مقدار PCV و میانگین MCH در جیره­های حاوی TCSM نسبت به جیره شاهد، به نحو چشمگیری بالار بوده است (05/0>P). ولی شاخص­های بیوشیمیایی (پروتئین سرم، آلبومین، گلوبولین، نسبت آلبومین به گلوبولین و فعالیت فسفاتاز قلیایی (ALP) تحت تأثیر CSM جیره­ای قرار نگرفتند (05/0>P). فعالیت آنزیمی آسپارتات آمینو ترانسفراز (AST) همگام با افزایش سطح CSM در جیره­ها روند کاهشی داشته است (05/0>P). پروفایل الکترولیت­ها در بلدرچین­های تغذیه شده با جیره­های آزمایشی بر مبنای TCSM تفاوت معنی­داری از نظر غلظت Ca++ و HCO3- با جیره­ شاهد داشت. به طور کلی می­توان نتیجه گرفت که علیرغم تیمار CSM توسط تخمیر حالت جامد با افزودن A. niger و CaO در جیره­های آزمایشی، به نظر می­رسد که هنوز افزودن TCSM منجر به القای مسمومیت و افزایش مرگ و میر در بلدرچین­ها می­گردد. پژوهش­های دیگر می­توانند روی سطوح قابل قبول و بالاتر پس از اعمال تیمارهای لازم متمرکز گردند. Manuscript profile -
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241 - کاربرد مدلهای ریاضی برای تخمین میزان انرژی قابل متابولیسم اقلام خوراکی انرژیزا در طیور
M. Sedghi K. Tayebipoor B. Poursina M. Eman Toosi P. Soleimani Roudiاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی امکان پیشبینی انرژی قابل متابولیسم ظاهری (AME) در طیور با استفاده از آنالیز تقریبی در نمونههای گندم (51 نمونه)، جو (56 نمونه) و یولاف (34 نمونه) انجام شد. از آنالیز رگرسیون گام به گام برای ارزیابی رابطه بین AME با نشاسته، عصاره اتری (EE)، فیبر Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی امکان پیشبینی انرژی قابل متابولیسم ظاهری (AME) در طیور با استفاده از آنالیز تقریبی در نمونههای گندم (51 نمونه)، جو (56 نمونه) و یولاف (34 نمونه) انجام شد. از آنالیز رگرسیون گام به گام برای ارزیابی رابطه بین AME با نشاسته، عصاره اتری (EE)، فیبر خام (CF)، قندهای محلول (SS)، خاکستر (ash) و پروتئین خام (CP) در نمونههای گندم و جو، و ماده خشک (DM) ، CF، Ash و CP در نمونههای یولاف استفاده شد. براساس نتایج رگرسیون گام به گام، SS، CF و Ash، بهترین متغیرهای ورودی برای پیشبینی AME در نمونههای گندم بودند. بعلاوه، نشاسته،CF و EE در نمونه های جو و CF و CP در نمونههای یولاف بهترین پارامترهای ورودی جهت تخمین AME شناسایی شدند. همچنین برای بدست آوردن بهترین مدل تخمین زننده AME در این غلات با استفاده از ورودیهای انتخاب شده از رگرسیون خطی چندگانه (MLR) و شبکه عصبی مصنوعی (ANN) استفاده شد. نتایج MLR و ANN نیز نشان داد که SS، CF و ash فاکتورهای مؤثری جهت تخمین AME درگندم میباشند. برای پیشبینی AME نمونههای جو CF، EE و نشاسته متغییرهای مستقل خوبی به شمار میآیند. همچنین CF و CP پارامترهای خوبی برای پیشبینی AME در نمونههای یولاف میباشند. در ارتباط با کارایی مدلها، دقت مدل ANN بالاتر از مدل MLR بود. بر اساس این نتایج، میتوان چنین نتیجهگیری کرد که استفاده از ترکیبات شیمیایی موجود در نمونههای گندم، جو و یولاف، همراه با مدل ANN، روش کاربردی جهت پیشبینی AME این غلات در تغذیه طیور میباشد. Manuscript profile -
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242 - اثر مکملسازی با نسبت مختلف از مخلوط کنسانتره و برگ اقاقیا تیمار نشده یا تیمار شده با هیدروکسید کلسیم بر مصرف خوراک، قابلیت هضم، ابقا مواد مغذی و پارامترهای تخمیر شکمبهای بز Bale-Arsi تغذیه شده با جیره پایه علوفه گراس
م. بایسا ت. نگس آ. تولراآزمایشی به منظور بررسی اثر جایگزینی یک مکمل کنسانتره با جیره­های پایه برگ اقاقیا در گراس Rhodes (Chlorisgayana) تیمار نشده و یا تیمار شده با هیدروکسید کلسیم (3 درصد وزنی/وزنی) بر مصرف خوراک، قابلیت هضم، ابقا مواد مغذی و پارامترهای تخمیر شکمبه با 54 بز نر یک ساله نژا Moreآزمایشی به منظور بررسی اثر جایگزینی یک مکمل کنسانتره با جیره­های پایه برگ اقاقیا در گراس Rhodes (Chlorisgayana) تیمار نشده و یا تیمار شده با هیدروکسید کلسیم (3 درصد وزنی/وزنی) بر مصرف خوراک، قابلیت هضم، ابقا مواد مغذی و پارامترهای تخمیر شکمبه با 54 بز نر یک ساله نژاد Arsi-Bale (وزن بدن 9/1±78/13 کیلوگرم و سن 12 ماه) انجام شد. آزمایش به مدت 84 روز در قالب طرح فاکتوریل 2 × 5 (فاکتور 1 تیمار قلیایی برگ­ها (تیمار یا تیمار نشده) و فاکتور 2 پنج سطح برگ در مخلوط کنسانتره) انجام شد. تیمارهای جیره­ای شامل: 0UL-: علوفه + 300 گرم مخلوط کنسانتره؛ 25UL-: علوفه + 225 گرم کنسانتره و 75 گرم برگ خشک تیمار نشده، 50UL-: علوفه + 150 گرم کنسانتره و 150 گرم برگ خشک تیمار نشده؛ 75UL-: علوفه + 75 گرم کنسانتره و 225 گرم برگ خشک تیمار نشده؛ 100UL-: علوفه + 300 گرم برگ­های خشک تیمار نشده؛ 0TL-: علوفه + 300 گرم کنسانتره؛ 25TL-: علوفه + 225 گرم کنسانتره و 75 گرم برگ خشک تیمار شده؛ 50TL-: علوفه + 150 گرم کنسانتره و 150 گرم برگ­های خشک تیمار شده؛ 75TL-: علوفه + 75 گرم کنسانتره و 225 گرم برگ های خشک تیمار شده و 100TL-: علوفه + 300 گرم برگ­های خشک تیمار شده بودند. هر دو تیمار هیدروکسید کلسیم و جایگزینی بخشی از مخلوط کنسانتره با پودر برگ اقاقیا (ALM) به طور معنی­داری (05/0­>­P) مقدار عصاره اتری (EE)، فنل کل (TP)، تانن کل (TT) و محتویات CT جیره­های غذایی را کاهش داد. در حالی که، غلظت جیره­ای خاکستر، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی (ADF)، لیگنین نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی (ADL) و کلسیم (Ca)؛ مصرف ماده خشک (DM)، پروتئین خام (CP)، فیبر نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF)، نیتروژن، کلسیم و فسفر؛ قابلیت هضم DM، ماده آلی (OM)، CP و NDF؛ غلظت نیتروژن آمونیاکی شکمبه و pH مایع شکمبه به طور معنی­داری (05/0­>­P) توسط تیمار قلیایی و جایگزینی نسبی افزایش یافت. به طور کلی نتایج قابل مقایسه مصرف خوراک، هضم و توازن مواد مغذی زمانی مشاهده شدند که کنسانتره در جیره­ها با ALM تیمار شده به مقدار 75 درصد جایگزین شد و تیمار نشده 50 درصد به ترتیب اهمیت در برابر پودر برگ تیمار نشده مشاهده شد. می­توان نتیجه­گیری نمود که که جایگزینی بخشی از پودر برگ اقاقیا در مخلوط کنسانتره همراه با تیمار هیدروکسید کلسیم در سطح 75 درصد حداکثر منافع را برای بزها نسبت به سطوح دیگر از برگ­های تیمار نشده و یا تیمار شده دارد. Manuscript profile -
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243 - تعیین ارزش غذایی انواع سویا با استفاده از روشهای آزمایشگاهی (in vitro) و تکنیکهای تولید گاز
ت. آیسان م. بوگا م. بایلان اس. ارگول اچ. کوتای اس. نعیم سابر سی. میزرک پی. کوبوکسواین مطالعه با هدف تعیین ارزش غذایی انواع سویا با استفاده از روشهای آزمایشگاهی (in vitro) و روش تولید گاز انجام شد. تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی و تولید گاز سینتیک انواع سویا در زمانهای انکوباسیون 0 ، 3 ، 6 ، 12 ، 24 ، 48 ، 72 و 96 ساعت تعیین شد. این مطالعه نشان داد که ا Moreاین مطالعه با هدف تعیین ارزش غذایی انواع سویا با استفاده از روشهای آزمایشگاهی (in vitro) و روش تولید گاز انجام شد. تولید گاز آزمایشگاهی و تولید گاز سینتیک انواع سویا در زمانهای انکوباسیون 0 ، 3 ، 6 ، 12 ، 24 ، 48 ، 72 و 96 ساعت تعیین شد. این مطالعه نشان داد که از نظر ترکیب شیمیایی و میزان تولید گاز در بین پنج نوع مختلف سویا تغییراتی وجود دارد. مقدار پروتئین خام (CP) واریته سویا از 02/34 تا 13/37 درصد متغیر بود. میزان خاکستر دانههای سویا از 42/5 تا 59/5 درصد به دست آمد. الیاف محلول در شوینده خنثی (NDF) و الیاف محلول در شوینده اسید (ADF) به ترتیب از 4/16 تا 0/25 و 0/13 تا 60/21 درصد بود. عصاره اتری (EE) از 72/18 تا 00/21 درصد بود. نرخ تولید گاز (c) از 110/0 تا 150/0 درصد بود. بالاترین میزان تولید گاز در انواع سویا در ارقام Adasoy و Nazlıcan مشاهده شد (05/0>P). میزان انرژی متابولیسمی (ME) و قابلیت هضم ماده آلی (OMD) محتویات سویا از 053/7 تا 383/7 مگاژول/کیلوگرم در ماده خشک و 953/71 تا 320/75 درصد بود. براساس نتیجه این مطالعه، از انواع سویا می توان با موفقیت برای خوراک نشخوارکنندگان استفاده کرد. تفاوتهای قابل توجهی درCP ، NDF و ADF بین انواع مختلف سویا وجود دارد. گونههای Türksoy و Nazlıcan به دلیل داشتن پروتئین و قابلیت هضم بالاتر، برای استفاده در جیره توصیه می شوند. Manuscript profile -
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244 - تأثیر سطح تغذیه علوفه بر وزن بدن، نمره وضعیت بدنی، تولید شیر و نیتروژن اورهای شیر در گاوهای هلشتاین در جیره غذایی ارگانیک
م. شریفی ع.ا. خادم ب.ج. هینس ر. پهلوان ج. موسوی م. صفدریدر دهههای گذشته، تقاضای جهانی محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک به سرعت افزایش یافته است. کیفیت شیر مورد توجه همه بخشها است. بنابراین، هدف از این مطالعه مقایسه عملکرد گاوها و کیفیت محصولات آنها در جیره های غذایی رایج و ارگانیک است. در این راستا، 72 گاو شیری هلشتاین به یکی از Moreدر دهههای گذشته، تقاضای جهانی محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک به سرعت افزایش یافته است. کیفیت شیر مورد توجه همه بخشها است. بنابراین، هدف از این مطالعه مقایسه عملکرد گاوها و کیفیت محصولات آنها در جیره های غذایی رایج و ارگانیک است. در این راستا، 72 گاو شیری هلشتاین به یکی از چهار جیره غذایی اختصاص یافت: جیره غذایی رایج (CON40)، جیره غذایی ارگانیک با علوفه کم (ORG40)، جیره غذایی ارگانیک با علوفه متوسط (ORG60) و جیره غذایی ارگانیک با علوفه زیاد (ORG80). گاوهای چند شکمزا (2 ، 3 و 4 شکم) به طور تصادفی در گروههای درمانی قرار گرفتند. علوفه به عنوان بخشی از جیره غذایی استفاده شد، و گاوها به طور جداگانه سه بار در روز مورد تغذیه قرار گرفتند و خوراک باقیمانده در انتهای روز جمعآوری شد. مقدار مصرف روزانه ماده خشک و عملکرد شیر در 308 روز بررسی و اندازهگیری شد. تعداد سلولهای سوماتیک شیر، وزن بدن گاو و بازده خوراک در فواصل هر 28 روز تعیین شد. مقدار مصرف روزانه ماده خشک برای گاوهای مصرف جیرههای غذاییORG80 (2/18 کیلوگرم در روز)، ORG60 (1/19 کیلوگرم در روز)، ORG80 (1/20 کیلوگرم در روز) و CON40 (5/20 کیلوگرم در روز) متفاوت بود. وزن بدن گاوها تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت، اما در نمره وضعیت بدنی گاوها اختلاف معنیداری (05/0>P) مشاهده شد. اگر چه عملکرد شیر در گاوهای تغذیه شده با CON40 بالاتر از سایرین بود، در جیرههای غذایی ارگانیک چربی شیر بالاتر بود (05/0>P). پایینترین کارآیی خوراک، نیتروژن اورهای شیر و نیتروژن اورهای خون در گاوهای تغذیه شده با جیرههای غذایی ارگانیک مشاهده شد (05/0>P). Manuscript profile -
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245 - Milk Production, Milk Fatty Acid Profiles and Blood Metabolites in Holstein Dairy Cows Fed Diets Based on Dried Citrus Pulp
B. Ebrahimi A. Taghizadeh Y. Mehmannavaz -
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246 - تأثیر مصرف انرژی و پروتئین جیره غذایی بر تولید و ترکیب شیر گاوهای شیری دورگه
M.E. Hossain T. Chanda G.K. Debnath M.M. Hassan M.A. Haqueبرای تعیین تأثیر انرژی و پروتئین جیره غذایی بر تولید و ترکیب شیر، مطالعهای بر روی 120 گاو شیری دورگه هلشتاین × ساهیوال طی یک دوره 150 روزه انجام شد. مجموع 12 مزرعه گاو شیری سیستمهای نگهداری مشابهی داشتند و حداقل 20 رأس گاو شیری در بین اواسط تا اواخر دوره شیردهی Moreبرای تعیین تأثیر انرژی و پروتئین جیره غذایی بر تولید و ترکیب شیر، مطالعهای بر روی 120 گاو شیری دورگه هلشتاین × ساهیوال طی یک دوره 150 روزه انجام شد. مجموع 12 مزرعه گاو شیری سیستمهای نگهداری مشابهی داشتند و حداقل 20 رأس گاو شیری در بین اواسط تا اواخر دوره شیردهی برای اهداف مطالعه انتخاب شدند. مزارع در مناطق نیمه شهری و شهری چیتاگونگ، بنگلادش واقع شده بودند. نمونه شیر گاوها انفرادی جمعآوری شد. نمونههای شیر گاوهایی که امتیاز بدنی (BCS) یکسانی داشتند، با هم مخلوط شدند. آنالیز شیمیایی نمونهها در سه تکرار برای چربی، پروتئین، لاکتوز، مواد جامد (TS)، مواد جامد غیر چربی (SNF) و خاکستر انجام شد. انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز جیره (ME) و پروتئین خام (CP) با آنالیز مقدار از کل جیره مخلوط مصرف شده توسط هر گاو به طور انفرادی اندازهگیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که، انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز مصرفی (MJ/d) به طور معنیداری (01/0P<) تولید شیر، چربی شیر و محتوای مواد جامد شیر در گاوهای شیری هلشتاین دورگه فریزین را تحت تأثیر قرار میدهد. مشابه انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز، پروتئین خام مصرفی (g/d) نیز تولید شیر، چربی، پروتئین، لاکتوز، مواد جامد و خاکستر شیر را تحت تأثیر قرار داد (01/0P<). ضریب ماتریس همبستگی نشان داد که عملکرد شیر ارتباط مثبت با انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز و پروتئین خام مصرفی دارد. با این حال، یک ارتباط منفی بین انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز و یا مصرف پروتئین خام مصرفی و پروتئین شیر، لاکتوز، مواد جامد و مواد جامد غیر چربی شیر (حتی اگر شدت ارتباط متغیر باشد) وجود دارد. بنابراین میتوان نتیجه گرفت که، انرژی قابل سوخت و ساز و پروتئین خام مصرفی و مصرف جیره غذایی مناسب برای بهینه سازی تولید شیر و ترکیب شیر در گاوهای شیری هلشتاین دورگه × شاهیوال تحت سیستمهای پرورش متراکم در مناطق گرمسیری مهم است. Manuscript profile -
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247 - Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in β-Lactoglobulin Gene and Its Association with Milk Composition in Iranian Indigenous Khalkhali Goats
ن. هدایت-ایوریق S. Zalpour R. Seyed Sharifi R. Khalkhali-Evrigh B. Navidshad K. Pourasad H. Shirzadi -
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248 - اثر پرتوتابی گاما، الکترون و مادون قرمز بر ارزش غذایی و عوامل ضد تغذیهای دانه سورگوم
M. Rousta A.A. Sadeghi P. Shawrang M. Aimn Afshar M. Chamaniمطالعه حاضر اثرات پرتوتابی بر کیفیت غذایی و عوامل ضد تغذیهای دانه سورگوم را مورد بررسی قرار میدهد. اثر پرتوتابی الکترون و گاما در سطوح 10، 20 و 30 کیلوگری و همچنین پرتوتابی مادون قرمز در مدت زمان 60، 90 و 120 ثانیه بر ترکیبات شیمیایی، میزان و قابلیت دسترسی مواد معدنی، Moreمطالعه حاضر اثرات پرتوتابی بر کیفیت غذایی و عوامل ضد تغذیهای دانه سورگوم را مورد بررسی قرار میدهد. اثر پرتوتابی الکترون و گاما در سطوح 10، 20 و 30 کیلوگری و همچنین پرتوتابی مادون قرمز در مدت زمان 60، 90 و 120 ثانیه بر ترکیبات شیمیایی، میزان و قابلیت دسترسی مواد معدنی، قابلیت هضم آزمایشگاهی نشاسته و پروتئین، مقدار کل ترکیبات فنولی، فیتات و تانن دانه سورگوم بررسی شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که ترکیبات شیمیایی دانه سورگوم تحت تأثیر پرتوتابی تغییری نخواهد کرد (05/0P>). پرتوتابی گاما، الکترون و مادون قرمز موجب افزایش قابلیت هضم نشاسته به ترتیب به میزان 8/3، 4/5 و 8/6 درصد شد. پرتوتابی مادون قرمز موجب کاهش قابلیت هضم پروتئین به میزان 23 درصد شد، در حالیکه پرتوتابی گاما و الکترون موجب افزایش قابلیت هضم پروتئین خام دانه سورگوم به ترتیب به میزان 6/6 و 5 درصد شد (05/0P>). میزان اسید فایتیک و تانن به طور معنیداری به وسیله پرتوتابی کاهش یافت در حالیکه میزان کل ترکیبات فنولی در مقایسه با نمونه شاهد افزایش پیدا کرد. نتایج نشان داد که میزان و قابلیت دسترسی مواد معدنی دانه سورگوم تغییر معنیداری نکرد به استثناء افزایش معنیدار در قابلیت استخراج کلسیم، فسفر، روی و آهن. Manuscript profile -
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249 - اثر شمارش یاختههای پیکری کُل و افتراقی، مرحله شیردهی و تعداد دورههای شیردهی بر لیپولیز و ترکیب فیزیکوشیمیایی شیر شتر (Camelus dromedaries) و گاو
اچ. حامد آ.ف. ال فکری آ. گرگوریمطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات شمارش یاخته­های پیکری (SCC)، SCC افتراقی (ماکروفاژ (MAC)، لیمفوسیت (LYM) و لوکوسیت­های چندهسته­ای (PMN))، تعداد و مرحله شیردهی بر ترکیب شیر در شیر شتر و گاو صورت گرفته است. شیر شتر به طور معنی­داری (05/0>P) حاوی مواد معد Moreمطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات شمارش یاخته­های پیکری (SCC)، SCC افتراقی (ماکروفاژ (MAC)، لیمفوسیت (LYM) و لوکوسیت­های چندهسته­ای (PMN))، تعداد و مرحله شیردهی بر ترکیب شیر در شیر شتر و گاو صورت گرفته است. شیر شتر به طور معنی­داری (05/0>P) حاوی مواد معدنی بیشتری است. سطح لیپولیز در شیر شتر مشابه شیر گاو است. سطح لیپولیز همگام با افزایش سطح MAC در شیر شتر افزایش یافته ولی در شیر گاو چنین نیست. نتایج حاصل نشان می­دهد که MAC در تجزیه چربی شیر شتر نقش­آفرینی می­کند. ترکیب مواد معدنی به طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر SCC در شیر شتر واقع می­شود. ترکیب شیر تحت تأثیر تعداد دوره شیردهی در هر دو گونه قرار نمی­گیرد. سطح کل جامدات شیر، کلسیم و سدیم در شیر شتر همگام با پیشرفت دوره شیردهی، کاهش می­یابد. Manuscript profile -
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250 - انرژی متابولیسمی وترکیب شیمیایی پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور
A. Zarei M. Mohammadi B. Hemmatiاین آزمایش به منظور تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی و انرژی متابولیسمی پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور حاصل از دو کشتارگاه صورت پذیرفت. ماده خشک، پروتئین خام، خاکستر، عصاره اتری و انرژی خام نمونهها مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. مقادیر کلسیم، فسفر، سدیم، پتاسیم، منیزیم، آهن، منگنز، مس و روی Moreاین آزمایش به منظور تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی و انرژی متابولیسمی پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور حاصل از دو کشتارگاه صورت پذیرفت. ماده خشک، پروتئین خام، خاکستر، عصاره اتری و انرژی خام نمونهها مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. مقادیر کلسیم، فسفر، سدیم، پتاسیم، منیزیم، آهن، منگنز، مس و روی اندازهگیری شدند. انرژی متابولیسم ظاهری (AME)، انرژی متابولیسم ظاهری تصحیح شده برای ازت (AMEn)، انرژی متابولیسم حقیقی (TME) و انرژی متابولیسم حقیقی تصحیح شده برای ازت (TMEn) بر حسب کیلوکالری برگرم بر اساس روش سیبالد تعیین گردید. برای این منظور از دوازده قطعه خروس نیوهمپشایر با سن 230 روزه استفاده شد. بین انواع انرژی متابولیسمی در نمونهها تفاوت معنیداری مشاهده نشد. همچنین میزان اسیدهای آمینه قابل هضم استاندارد تعیین گردید. بیشترین و کمترین میزان مربوط به لوسین و تریپتوفان بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که بین نمونههای مختلف پودر ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور تفاوت وجود دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - Medicinal pumpkin responses to Thiobacillus and sulfur under water stress.
Sadegh Masoodi Leila Hakimi -
Open Access Article
252 - Fatty Acid Composition of Canola Cultivars Affected by Different Sowing Dates
Taraneh Samarzadeh Vazhdehfar Farzad Paknejad Amir Hossein Shirani Rad Saeed Vazan &lrm;Mostafa&lrm; Oveisi&lrm; -
Open Access Article
253 - Stigmasterol alleviates the impacts of drought in flax and improves oil yield via modulating efficient antioxidant and ROS homeostasis
Mamdouh Nemat Alla Nemat Hassan Inas Budran Zeinab El-Bastawisy Ebtisam El-Harary -
Open Access Article
254 - Essential oil composition and total phenolic compounds of naked and normal seed types of different accessions of Cucurbita pepo L. in Iran .
Forouzandeh Soltani Roghayeh Karimi Abodlkarim Kashi -
Open Access Article
255 - Investigating the Religious and Moral Functions of interrogative and Imperative Sentences in Sanāi's Odes
hosein salimi Bashir AlaviAbolmajd Majdood Ibn Adam Sanāi Ghaznavi also called Hakim Sanāi (473-545 AH), is one of the greatest poets of Persian language who wrote in ode and Masnavi form. Praise, guidance and admonition are among the frequent themes of his odes. Sanāi well understands language MoreAbolmajd Majdood Ibn Adam Sanāi Ghaznavi also called Hakim Sanāi (473-545 AH), is one of the greatest poets of Persian language who wrote in ode and Masnavi form. Praise, guidance and admonition are among the frequent themes of his odes. Sanāi well understands language and is fully acquainted with its features and capabilities. Description, praise, wisdom and advice, admonition, story of the soul, blame, and reproach exist in Sanāi's odes. Many instances of compositional sentences (interrogative, imperative, exclamatory, and prohibitive) exist in Sanai's odes used in their indirect (or secondary) meanings. He has been successful in choosing the expressing methods, grammatical patterns (according to the type of message and communication), and in selecting words by considering their harmony, rhythm, and subject. The secondary meanings of the compositional sentences, in fact, express Sanāi's inner thoughts and they can be understood by analyzing the poet's thoughts. This research deals with interrogative and imperative based upon grammatical and semantic categories in Sanāi's odes in order to determine the relationship between the poet's moral thoughts and the meanings of sentences. clarifying and explaining Sanāi's aim in using such kinds of sentences analytically, the researchers use diagrams. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Automatic Service Composition Based on Graph Coloring
Sepideh Sheivandi Sima Emadi -
Open Access Article
257 - A Hybrid of Genetic Algorithm and Gaussian Mixture Model for Features Reduction and Detection of Vocal Fold Pathology
Vahid Majidnezhad Igor Kheidorov -
Open Access Article
258 - Analyzing Decompositions of a System of Boolean Functions Using the Ternary Matrix Cover Approach
Saeid Taghavi Afshord Yuri Pottosin -
Open Access Article
259 - Meta-analysis of the most important factors of place of sense in public and virtual spaces (Case study: Public space of Rasht city center)
Hoseyn Reza Keshavarz Ghadimi manouchehr Tabibian Maryam moinifarIntroduction: The concept of sense of place refers to the emotional connection that an individual has with a physical location. This connection can be influenced by personal experiences and perceptions. As virtual media continues to grow, it impacts the sense of place i MoreIntroduction: The concept of sense of place refers to the emotional connection that an individual has with a physical location. This connection can be influenced by personal experiences and perceptions. As virtual media continues to grow, it impacts the sense of place in physical and virtual spaces.Research Aim: This study aims to analyze the factors that affect the sense of place in public and virtual spaces and provide a theoretical framework for urban planners and cyber activists to promote a stronger sense of place.Methodology: The study utilizes qualitative meta-composition by analyzing selected articles through Sandlowski and Barso's methods. The research focuses on identifying the most important factors affecting the sense of place in real and virtual public spaces. Relevant literature was reviewed through scientific databases and reputable journals, with articles being selected based on their relevance to the research topic. A total of 45 articles were analyzed using qualitative or meta-combined content analysis, following the Critical Assessment Skills Program (CASP) checklist.Studied Areas: The most important public space of the city of Rasht, which is located in its central context, has been selected as a case study. This area has uses of heritage value and hence it is a valuable historical fabric of Rasht city. In addition to having rare aesthetic values and the most important place for the creation and continuation of the collective memories and identity of the city, the mentioned fabric is also known as an important pole of the city's commercial, cultural and recreational activities.Results: The study found that the issue of a sense of place in cyberspace is recognized, and the most important factors affecting the sense of place in public spaces are physical, functional, meaning, art and beauty, environmental, and demographic dimensions. The most important factors in cyberspace are physical and non-physical dimensions. The sense of place in cyberspace has similarities with the indicators in public spaces, and both impact each other.Conclusion: In conclusion, the study suggests that cyberspace creates a unique sense of place and has a significant impact on participation, critique, rationality, and communication. While physical presence is necessary in public spaces, virtual presence has expanded the possibility of experiencing space for the first time. It can increase the sense of place in that real space. Therefore, urban planners and cyber activists need to consider the factors that affect the sense of place in both physical and virtual spaces to promote a stronger emotional connection to place. Keywords for this study include sense of place, sense of cyberspace, public space, cyberspace, and qualitative meta-composition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Physiological Responses and Nutritional Implications of Physalis alkekengi L. Under Varied Salinity Stress and Si and Se Nanoparticle Treatments
Mohammad Javad Abdi Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi Seyed Najmmaddin Mortazavi Sepideh Kalateh Jari Mohammad Javad NazarideljouThis study systematically investigates the physiological responses of Physalis alkekengi to diverse conditions of salinity stress (0, 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl), coupled with the application of selenium (Se) nanoparticles at concentrations of 25 and 50 mgl-1, as well as MoreThis study systematically investigates the physiological responses of Physalis alkekengi to diverse conditions of salinity stress (0, 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl), coupled with the application of selenium (Se) nanoparticles at concentrations of 25 and 50 mgl-1, as well as silicon (Si) nanoparticles at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg.l-1. The experiment involved a thorough examination of many characteristics connected to biomass, such as antioxidant enzyme activity, fatty acid composition, and elemental content. This analysis was conducted at varying levels of salinity and with the addition of nanoparticles. The findings revealed that exposure to salt stress has a detrimental effect on both plant development and fruit output, leading to changes in vegetative and morphological characteristics. The utilization of Se and Si nanoparticles had a significant alleviating impact on stress caused by salinity. The correlation matrix analysis revealed complex correlations among the examined parameters, emphasizing the interrelated responses of P. alkekengi to environmental stressors and nanoparticle interventions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed the hidden patterns and connections between variables, highlighting the significant influence of biomass-related features, antioxidant enzymes, and fatty acid content on the observed variability. The results of this study enhance our knowledge of the physiological processes that regulate P. alkekengi's reaction to high salt levels. Additionally, it offers valuable information on the possible beneficial impacts of Se and Si nanoparticles in reducing the negative consequences of salinity stress. The study's comprehensive breadth increases its relevance to future research focused on optimizing growth circumstances and strengthening the resistance of P. alkekengi in demanding situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - Pollen Germinability and Cross-Pollination Success in Persian Cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum Mill.)
Mohammad Kermanshahani Roohangiz Naderi Reza Fattahi Ahmad KhalighiLow seed yield is a limiting factor for cross breeding and hybrid seed production in cyclamen. This study was performed to investigate pollen germination and its relation to cross-pollination success and fruit set in this plant. In order to achieve a high level of polle MoreLow seed yield is a limiting factor for cross breeding and hybrid seed production in cyclamen. This study was performed to investigate pollen germination and its relation to cross-pollination success and fruit set in this plant. In order to achieve a high level of pollen germination, the effect of different concentrations of chemical compounds were examined on in vitro pollen germination of cyclamen in modified Brewbaker and Kwack medium, containing sucrose (10 and 20%), calcium nitrate (0, 200 and 300 mg l-1), and boric acid (0, 100 and 200mg l-1 ) at two pH levels (5.5 and 6.5). Maximum pollen germination was obtained in media containing higher concentration of calcium and boron regardless of sucrose concentration and pH level. Pollen germination percentage was genotype-dependent. Cross-pollination was performed among four different genotypes characterized by various pollen germination percentages. There was a direct correlation between cross-pollination success and pollen germination percentage. Genotypes with 30% higher pollen germination led to 10% increase in fruit set. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Meta-Synthesis of Critical Thinking and Spiritual Intelligence of the Employees of the Ports and Maritime Organization of Iran
Alireza Sargolzaei Hamidreza Khodadadi DidaniThe purpose of this study was to identify new dimensions of critical thinking and spiritual intelligence of employees of the Ports and Maritime Organization of Iran. This research was conducted through meta-analysis. For this purpose, after searching databases in the pe MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify new dimensions of critical thinking and spiritual intelligence of employees of the Ports and Maritime Organization of Iran. This research was conducted through meta-analysis. For this purpose, after searching databases in the period 1980 to 2022, 38 studies that directly examined the subject of critical thinking and spiritual intelligence of employees of the organization entered the analysis stage. Selected studies for coding were entered into MAXQDA software. After the coding process, 60 distinct codes were identified. From the identified codes; Interest in having good information (18%), awareness of opportunities to use critical thinking (16%), identification of common ideas in selected areas (13%), trust in logical search process (10%), and honesty in dealing with individual biases and prejudices (9%) were the most important in terms of the number of citations in research terms, respectively. In the next step, the codes were divided into 16 themes and finally into 4 concepts (intellectual initiative, cognitive maturity, problem-solving skills, spiritual intelligence). Achieving a comprehensive model with a hybrid method is one of the innovations of this research that can be a model for other researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - A new mathematical model for gate assignment problem considering transit passengers and safety constraints: Benders decomposition approach
Alireza Rashidi Komijan Fatemeh Nasrollahpourniazi -
Open Access Article
264 - Accelerated decomposition techniques for large discounted Markov decision processes
Abdelhadi Larach S. Chafik C. Daoui -
Open Access Article
265 - Scenario-based modeling for multiple allocation hub location problem under disruption risk: multiple cuts Benders decomposition approach
Mohsen Yahyaei Mahdi Bashiri -
Open Access Article
266 - Robust uncapacitated multiple allocation hub location problem under demand uncertainty: minimization of cost deviations
Aleksejs Lozkins Mikhail Krasilnikov Vladimir Bure -
Open Access Article
267 - Numerical investigation of a new structural configuration of a concrete barrier wall under the effect of blast loads
Ahmed K. Taha Zhengguo Gao Dahai Huang M. S. Zahran -
Open Access Article
268 - Effect of changes in environmental salinity on blood parameters and body composition in Yellowfin Seabream (Acanthopagrus latus)
امیرپرویز سلاطی Reza Farshadian Saeed KeyvanShokooh Hossein Pasha-ZanoosiIn this study, the effects of changes in environmental salinity on some biochemical parameters and body composition in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) were assayed. Fish adapted to salinity of 20 ppt, then suddenly introduced in experimental salinities includin MoreIn this study, the effects of changes in environmental salinity on some biochemical parameters and body composition in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) were assayed. Fish adapted to salinity of 20 ppt, then suddenly introduced in experimental salinities including 5, 12 and 34 ppt. Each treatment was done in three replicates. In each replicate, 12 fishes with an average initial weight of 100± 10 grams per 300-liter tanks were placed. alues increased in group 12 and 34 ppt (P<0.05). A higher level of triglyceride and lower levels of high density lipoprotein were recorded in 34 ppt compared to other treatments (P<0.05). The proximate composition of body was affected by salinity as moisture was lower in 34 ppt in compare to other groups (P<0.05). In this study, A. latus survived without mortality in experimental salinities, but changes induced for osmoregulation in 5 ppt requires high energy consumption, which reduces the energy available to the fish. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Effect of Cryopreservation on essential oil of Satureja sahendica
Shabnam Shahbazi Abbas Ghamari zare Fatemeh Sefikon aliahraf jafari vahid abdossiAbstract Cryopreservation is regarded as a technology with high importance to conserve the plant germplasm for a long period. The use of this technology to preserve the plant materials is useful when it does not change the chemical composition of the essential oil. Sat MoreAbstract Cryopreservation is regarded as a technology with high importance to conserve the plant germplasm for a long period. The use of this technology to preserve the plant materials is useful when it does not change the chemical composition of the essential oil. Satureja sahendica is one of the endangered medicinal species in Iran; thus, conservation of its genetic materials is considerably important. In order to investigate the phytochemical stability and to compare the type and content of the compositions identified, the plant samples were studied under cryopreservation condition and then, the treated seeds were transferred to the liquid nitrogen at –196°C for one week. In the present study, the flowering shoots resulted from various treated seeds were collected and dried in the laboratory; then, their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation method. Afterwards, the essential oil compositions were identified using analytical gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (GC/MS) as well as retention index calculation. Finally, 15 compositions were identified in the essential oil of the study plant under cryopreservation condition. The main components in the essential oil included, p-cymene (43.3%), terpinene (21.5%), thymol (18.3%) and carvacrol (5.1%). Results indicated that regarding the number, type and percentage of compounds existing in the essential oils, there was no difference between the control and cryopreservation treatments; therefore, the seeds of this valuable endangered species can be preserved for a long period and its extinction may be avoided by using the cryopreservation technique Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - Effect of Holistic vs. Analytic Assessment on Improving Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Writing Skill
Massumeh Hosseini Bahram Mowlaie -
Open Access Article
271 - Determination of nutritional value and mineral elements of red algae Hypnea flagelliformis from Bandar Abbas , Persian Gulf
Sh. Safaeian K. Larijani M. Talebzadeh Sh. ShabaniIn this study chemical composition (protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, Ash) and mineral elements (Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na, I, P, Se, Mn, Zn, Cu) in the red algae Hypnea flagelliformis of Persian Gulf coast in winter 2010 and spring 2011 were analyzed in triplicates. Results MoreIn this study chemical composition (protein, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, Ash) and mineral elements (Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na, I, P, Se, Mn, Zn, Cu) in the red algae Hypnea flagelliformis of Persian Gulf coast in winter 2010 and spring 2011 were analyzed in triplicates. Results showed that amount of energy in100 gr of red algae H. flagelliformis in spring was 179. 962 kcal and in winter it was169.872 kcal. Chemical analysis of H. flagelliformis red algae in winter showed that average amounts of protein, carbohydrates, fat, fiber and ash were %15.366 ± 0. 0283 ,%25.851 ± 0.12037,%0.556 ± 0.0351, %0.976 ± 0.0045 and %14.873 ± 0.040 dry weight respectively. Also in spring amounts of these factors were %17.851 ± 0.0045, %26.3003 ± 0.025, %0.3733 ± 0.0057, %1.177 ± 0.052 and %15.263 ± 0.0416 dry weight respectively. Most protein, carbohydrate and fiber belonged to spring algae. This is considerable because of high amount of protein in red algae than green algae and brown. The analysis of red algae H. flagelliformis showed that the average amount of this elements in winter was respectively, Fe (290.76 ± 0.1527), Mg (1286.6 ± 2.516), Ca (2618.6 ± 0.577), K (1638.9 ± 0.776), Na (1854.3 ± 2.081), I (6.338 ± 0.2749), P (56.3 ± 0.3), Se (44.7 ± 0.3605), Mn (4.94 ± 0.305), Zn (2.16 ± 0.208) and Cu (1.16 ± 0.0251) mg per 100 gr of dry matter. The amount of these elements in spring, was Fe (233.9 ± 2.891), Mg (1028 ± 2) , Ca (4356.3 ± 2.516) , K ( 1977.6 ± 5.631) , Na ( 2898.6 ± 0.577) , I (7.16 ± 0.05715) , P (53.6 ± 0.3) , Se (40.7 ± 0.2) , Mn (8.05 ± 0.02) , Zn ( 5.2 ±0.173) and Cu( 1. 43 ± 0.0378) mg per 100 gr of dry matter respectively. results showed that there is a significant difference between the average chemical composition, macro elements and micro elemans in winter and spring (P<0.01). Average iodine elements in two seasons didn’t show significant difference (P>0.01). The results of chemical analysis in the red algae Hypnea flagelliformis suggest more investigations in case of high level of Iodine, Selenium, Iron, Magnesium, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium as a good supplement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - The effect of slow and quick freezing on quality of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × Tilapia mosambicus) fillets
B. Karami Y. Moradi A. Motalebi M. Soltani S. Hosseini S. E. HosseiniThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of slow and quick freezing on proximate compositions, drip loss, sensory properties changes, and microstructure of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × Tilapia mosambicus) fillets. For this reason, skinned MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of slow and quick freezing on proximate compositions, drip loss, sensory properties changes, and microstructure of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × Tilapia mosambicus) fillets. For this reason, skinned and deboned tilapia fillets were frozen by slow and quick frozen methods. The samples were packed and storedat -18 °C for six months. Proximate composition, drip loss, and sensory evaluation of the samples were determined every month. Microstructure of the samples was studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) every two months. Results indicated that fresh tilapia fillets had 1.68, 20.26, 1.38, 78.06 percentage of fat, protein, ash and moisture content, respectively. The proximate compositions were changed during the storageperiod. Quick frozen samples had significantly (P<0.05) lower changes than the slow frozen samples. The amount of moisture, ash, protein and fat for samples with slow freezing were 73.56, 2.76, 17.56 and 0.73 percentage and for samples with quick freezing were 76.31, 1.89, 18.01 and 1.18 percentage, respectively. The percentage of the drip in the slow frozen samples was significantly higher than quick frozen samples (P<0.05). The amount of drip was 11.4 and 6.1 percentage for slow and quick freezing samples after six month. SEM micrographs also showed that the changes in the microstructure of the samples were different in the slow and frozen samples. Slow freezing methods caused higher damage in the microstructure of the sample than quick freezing methods. Sensory evaluation of the samples indicated that there was a better acceptability in the quick frozen samples than slow frozen sample (P<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Changes of chemical composition of brown algae Padina boergesenii collected from Qeshm coastal zone
Sh. Safaeian M.H. Givianrad Sh. FarzadmaneshIn this study chemical composition (ash, protein, fiber, fat and carbohydrates) and mineral contents (Na, Ca, K, Fe, Mn, Mg, Zn, Cu, Co, Se and P) of Padina boergesenii collected from the Persian Gulf in the winter of 1389 and spring of 1390 have studied. Results indica MoreIn this study chemical composition (ash, protein, fiber, fat and carbohydrates) and mineral contents (Na, Ca, K, Fe, Mn, Mg, Zn, Cu, Co, Se and P) of Padina boergesenii collected from the Persian Gulf in the winter of 1389 and spring of 1390 have studied. Results indicate that the nutritional value of brown algae Padina boergesenii was 114.37 kilo calories in the spring and 154.208 kilo calories in the winter. Chemical analysis of the brown alga Padina boergesenii indicated these amounts of Protein, ash, carbohydrates, fat and fiber: (%12.26 ± 0.015), (%13.28 ± 0.01), (%25.97 ± 5.634), (%0.14 ± 0.036) and (%4.67 ± 0.709) DW in the spring and (%12.63 ± 0.042), (11.14 ± 0.01), (%15.24 ± 0.649), (%0.32 ± 0.032) and (%3.8 ± 0.112) DW in the winter, respectively. Difference between the means of protein, fat, ash and carbohydrates in spring and winter is meaningful (P ≤ 0.05); difference between the means of fiber in mentioned seasons is (P ≥ 0.05). Analysis of mineral contents of brown algae Padina boergesenii indicates these amounts for Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Se were (1160.333 ± 19.85), (7554 ± 29.799), (10874.74 ± 1646.958), (10594.6 ± 692.67), (5569.33 ± 11.015) and (572 ± 9) ppm in the spring respectively also these values in the winter are (2265.667 ± 224.5982), (7820.93 ± 60.9008), (8728 ± 1032.42), (4612.97 ± 609.99), (6805.33 ± 154.212) and (526 ± 14.047) ppm respectively, therefore, it can be said that Potassium, Sodium and Selenium have higher amounts in the spring and difference between the means of potassium, iron, calcium, magnesium, selenium is meaningful in the brown algae Padina boergesenii (P ≤ 0.05); difference between the means of sodium is meaningless (P ≥ 0.05). Reference made to the results of this study regarding chemical and mineral composition specially Protein percentage and amounts of Selenium, Calcium, Potassium, Padina boergesenii is a recommended candidate as food supplement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - A Review of Notable Studies on Using Empirical Mode Decomposition for Biomedical Signal and Image Processing
Fereshteh Yousefi Rizi -
Open Access Article
275 - Matching Pursuit Distribution And Minimum Cross Entropy Technique
صدیقه غفرانی احمد آیت اللهی -
Open Access Article
276 - The effects of pesticides on microbial population of saline soils using culture-dependent and next generation sequencing methods
Safoura Hashemi joker Mahmoud Shavandi Azam Haddadi Ebrahim AlaieBackground & Objectives: Despite of widely use of pesticides in agricultural industry, their ecotoxicological impacts on the environment are not still well understood. In the present study, the effects of chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin pesticides on soil microbial di MoreBackground & Objectives: Despite of widely use of pesticides in agricultural industry, their ecotoxicological impacts on the environment are not still well understood. In the present study, the effects of chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin pesticides on soil microbial diversity in different salinities were investigated.Materials and methods: Four soil samples with various salinities (0, 1%, 2% and 4%) were contaminated with 200 mg/kg of chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin. Then, the effects of these compounds were investigated by culture-dependent and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) methods. The dominant bacterial strains were isolated and compared with the results of the NGS method.Results: Remarkable groups of active soil species were destroyed. The main groups at the phylum level were, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Examination of the pattern of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) showed that the lowest abundance belonged to the group of soil samples contaminated with chlorpyrifos and the highest abundance belonged to the non-contaminated sample. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that the highest number of strains was observed in non-saline and uncontaminated soil microcosms, and the lowest number of strains was observed in the presence of deltamethrin (1% salinity) and chlorpyrifos (0% salinity).Conclusion: The results indicated that soil salinity had significant impact on the resistance of soil microorganisms to the chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin. Every soil samples will have its own microbial composition based on its physicochemical conditions under the influence of pesticide contamination. By comparison of microbial composition by culture-dependent and molecular-based methods, almost similar findings were obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Crisis Factories in Iranian Law with a Look at the Laws of the United States and France
Shahrokh Sayadian Mohammad Saghari Farid MohseniField and Aims: With the enactment of the Commercial Code in 1996, the custom of commercial usury during the constitutional period was abolished, and with the dissolution of the Commercial Court, only this bankruptcy became dominant only due to non-payment of debt at ma MoreField and Aims: With the enactment of the Commercial Code in 1996, the custom of commercial usury during the constitutional period was abolished, and with the dissolution of the Commercial Court, only this bankruptcy became dominant only due to non-payment of debt at maturity. On the other hand, the late conclusion of the composition need, due to the lack of a preventive aspect to the bankruptcy order, practically failed to prevent the liquidation of the merchant's property. The rule of law of liquidation and attention to the interests of creditors also led to the neglect of other components such as factory maintenance and employment of workers and property rights of the debtor.Methodology: The research method is comparative-analytical and the data collection method is documentary research. The data analysis method is a descriptive-analytical approach.Findings and Conclusion: In the bankruptcy regulations, efforts have been made to preserve the factory and to express the difference between stoppage and bankruptcy, but due to insufficiency and inconsistency with the provisions of the Commercial Code, it has not achieved much success in reviving crisis-prone factories. Examining the process governing the above-mentioned regulations and comparing it with the reconstruction institution confirms the necessity of changing the philosophy of bankruptcy law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - Presenting the Forecasting Model of Bitcoin Return Using the hybrid Method of Deep Learning - Signal Decomposition Algorithm (CEEMD-DL)
sakineh sayyadi nezhad Ali Esmaeil Zadeh Mohammad Reza RostamiAbstract With the increasing popularity and widespread use of cryptocurrencies, the creation and development of methods for predicting price movements in this field has attracted a lot of attention. In between, recent developments in deep learning (DL) models with stru MoreAbstract With the increasing popularity and widespread use of cryptocurrencies, the creation and development of methods for predicting price movements in this field has attracted a lot of attention. In between, recent developments in deep learning (DL) models with structures such as long-short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) have made improvements in the analysis of this type of data. Another approach that can be effective in the analysis of cryptocurrencies time series is the decomposition through algorithms such as complete integrated empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD). Considering the importance of forecasting in the cryptocurrencies field, in this research, by combining deep learning models and complete integrated empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD), The hybrid CEEMD-DL(LSTM) model has been used to forecast the bitcoin return (as the most popular currency). In this regard, the daily data of the total index of the Tehran Stock Exchange was used in the period of 2013/01/01 – 2022/05/28 and the results obtained were compared with the results of competing models based on efficiency measurement criteria. Based on the obtained results, the use of the introduced model (CEEMD-DL(LSTM)) has increased the efficiency and accuracy of bitcoin return forecasting. Accordingly, the use of this model in this field is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Comparative Study of Structures of Governance in Nigeria and South Africa and Its Impact on Developing of Two Countries
Ardeshir Sanaie Aboulghasem VafaeiIn South Africa, the combination of ethnic and racial differences more than any other factor in a centuries-old process is influenced. Transformations and changes in the country since independence in 1910 was influenced by mentioned factor. Designed system was based on MoreIn South Africa, the combination of ethnic and racial differences more than any other factor in a centuries-old process is influenced. Transformations and changes in the country since independence in 1910 was influenced by mentioned factor. Designed system was based on the segregation and apartheid and after apartheid ended in 1994; the country's political system was based on the realities of racial and ethnic indigenous. Although both Nigeria and South Africa have British colonial in their backgrounds but the differences are in the objectives of the colonists. They had chosen South Africa to stay and the industrialization process was developed normally. While in Nigeria the purpose of colonialists was domination and exploitation of resources of the country. However, ethnic diversity, adding religious diversity in forms of both Islam and Christianity in Nigeria has been the main causes of gap over the years after independence. Frequent coups and continuous military interference in politics and Governance, separatism, ethnic and religious conflicts, unfair distribution of wealth, the absence of influencing middle class, and political and bureaucratic corruption; has been the difficulties always suffered Nigeria. Since 1999, based on its new constitution, Nigeria has gone through four rounds of presidential elections and in these years there has not been a new coup. Overall all the experts agree that the Nigeria is politically underdeveloped. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Comparing Chemical Composition and Digestibility of Pedicels and Palm Leaves as a Source for Livestock Feeding by in vitro and in situ Techniques
Souhil Boufennara Lyas Bouazza Samir Medjekal Khaled Rahal Evan Mateos Marie Jos&eacute; Manilla Secundino Lopez -
Open Access Article
281 - The Impact of Continuous Grazing on Natural Rangeland in Alazzazah area- Blue Nile State, Sudan
Mohammed Ibrahim Abdelsalam Nancy Ibrahim Abdalla Mohammed Abdelkreim Mohammed Elgamri Ibrahim Mohammed Mustafa Mohammed -
Open Access Article
282 - Responses of Herbaceous Species to Fire in Persian Oak (Quercus brantii) in Coppice Forests
Saeideh Karimi Hassan Pourbabaei Yahya Khodakarami -
Open Access Article
283 - Rangeland Plants Preferred by Goats Grazing at Western Jebel Marra Locality, Central Darfur State, Sudan
Gafar Bakhit Mohammed Abdelkreim Babo Fadlalla -
Open Access Article
284 - Forage Nutritive Values of Cymbopogon olivieri before and after Essential Oil Extraction in Khuzestan Province’s Rangelands, Iran
Azadeh Afrigan Hossein Azarnivand Fatemeh Sefikon Mohammad Jafari Mohammad Ali Zare Chahouki -
Open Access Article
285 - Species Diversity of Desert and Relationship to Soil Properties in Dust Sources of Khuzestan, Southwest of Iran
Mehri Dinarvand Hashem Keneshloo Mohhamad Fayaz Farhad Khaksarian Seyed Abdolhossein Arami Kohzad Haydari -
Open Access Article
286 - Nutritional Value Determination of Five Plants Species in Darab Rangeland Using Gas Production Technique
Ebrahim Talebi Mostafa Yousef-Elahi Mohammad Reza Dehghani Asghar Salmani -
Open Access Article
287 - Effect of Environmental and Managerial Factors on Range Condition in Semi-Arid Mountainous Area of Chahar Bagh in Northeastern Iran
Khosro Shahidi Hamedani Ali Tavili Seyed Akbar Javadi Mohammad Jafary Mohammad Tahmoures -
Open Access Article
288 - Impacts of the Intensive Use of Rangeland on the Vegetation Attributes and Soil Seed Bank of Al-Baja Area, White Nile- Sudan
Mohammed Abdelsalam Hafsa MohammedNor Abdelbasit Elmagboul Hala Hassan -
Open Access Article
289 - Potential of Oat (Avena sativa), Vetch (Vicia villosa) and their Mixtures as Fodder in the Ethiopian Highland
Alemayehu Jambo Kassa S. Retta Habtamu Didena -
Open Access Article
290 - Impact of Deferment on Grassland Condition and Diet Quality of Cattle under a Short-Duration Grazing System
Raul Tacuna Enrique Flores Roberto Distel -
Open Access Article
291 - Effects of Cutting Days on Yield, Morphological and Quality Traits of Three Grass Species under Irrigation Conditions in Mecha District, Ethiopia
Tobiyaw Tsegaye Ashenafi Mengistu Yeshambel Chekol -
Open Access Article
292 - Chemical Composition and in vitro Nutrient Digestibility of Sulla aculeolata subsp. aculeolata and Sulla aculeolata subsp. mauritanica from Semi-arid Rangelands of the Mediterranean Area
Anass Elyemlahi Abdelhay Arakrak Amin Laglaoul Mohammed Ayadi Mohammed Bakkali -
Open Access Article
293 - Comparison of Plant Litter Composition in Three Range Species and its Effects on Soil Fertility (Case Study: North Eastern Islamabad Rangeland, Kermanshah Province, Iran)
Afshin Sadeghirad Mohamad Nasrollahi Hossein Azarnivand Mohamad Ali Zare Chahoki -
Open Access Article
294 - Investigation of Changes in Rangeland Vegetation Regarding Different Slopes, Elevation and Geographical Aspects (Case Study: Yazi Rangeland, Noor County, Iran)
Hamid Reza Saeedi Goraghani Mojtaba Solaimani Sardo Nabi Azizi Ali Azareh Sara Heshmati -
Open Access Article
295 - Flora, Life Form and Chorology of Winter and Rural Range Plants in the Northern Khorasan Province, Iran
Mohammad Jankju Fereydoon Mellati Zohreh Atashgahi -
Open Access Article
296 - Chemical Composition and In Vitro Digestibility of Some Range Species in Rangelands of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran
Gholamreza Shadnoush -
Open Access Article
297 - The effect of selected aerobic exercise training on quality of life, depression and Body composition women with hypothyroidism
Mahsa Safaei Mandana Gholami Keyvan MollanoruziThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of step aerobic exercise on quality of life, depression and body composition of women with hypothyroidism. Semi-experimental research was performed. Thirty women with hypothyroidism who had mild depression and taki MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of step aerobic exercise on quality of life, depression and body composition of women with hypothyroidism. Semi-experimental research was performed. Thirty women with hypothyroidism who had mild depression and taking levothyroxine sodium. three sessions per week. Body mass, fat percentage, fat mass, waist to hip ratio, body mass index, as well as quality of life and depression were evaluated before and after eight weeks of aerobic training. Independent t-test was used for the difference between the variables. Significant increase in quality of life and decrease in depression and improvement of body composition. Decreasing changes in depression and body mass BMI, skin index, fat percentage, fat mass were significant only in the experimental group and did not have a significant effect on the control group. There was no significant effect in the WHR experimental group and control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Local Derivative Pattern with Smart Thresholding: Local Composition Derivative Pattern for Palmprint Matching
Farshid Hajati Faegheh Shojaiee -
Open Access Article
299 - Investigating the Impact of Social Capital on the Economic Consumption Pattern (Case Study: Citizens of Qom)
vahid babrdel nourouz hashemzehi Mohammad RahimiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social capital on the economic consumption pattern of Qom citizens. This research has been done by survey and using the structural equation model method of partial least squares. The research tool was a question MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social capital on the economic consumption pattern of Qom citizens. This research has been done by survey and using the structural equation model method of partial least squares. The research tool was a questionnaire and had 45 items and 9 dimensions. The statistical population of the study was all citizens of Qom and to determine the statistical sample, 384 people were selected as a sample based on Cochran's formula. The collected data were analyzed with SMARTPLS software version 3. Based on the obtained results, considering the impact between the variables of social participation, membership in civic institutions, trust, broad social relations, membership in networks, commitment to social values and social norms on the level of consumer goods and its composition can be concluded. Planning for education and increasing social capital affects the type and manner of selection of consumer goods, and by recognizing and achieving this effect, more success is achieved in the desired consumption pattern, and finally with this achievement, this issue on a large scale. More can be generalized and double researched. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - Pairs trading based on wavelet decomposition
bahareh zarintaj saeed aghasi forozan baktashIn the current research,wavelet analysis is used to analyze the time series of prices in a pair of assets into general and detailed time series, and the property of collocation between different and corresponding levels of analysis of two series is checked in order to f MoreIn the current research,wavelet analysis is used to analyze the time series of prices in a pair of assets into general and detailed time series, and the property of collocation between different and corresponding levels of analysis of two series is checked in order to find collinear pairs at different levels of analysis. And then its profitability is examined. In this research, the profitability of the pair trading system based on wavelet analysis was investigated on 14 indices of the Tehran Stock Exchange betwee 2013-2022. The results show that for the second level of detail in the wavelet analysis, the results are quite impressive and the number of trading positions is more than doubled, the daily return is increased to four times and the Sharpe ratio is also increased to about two times. The system formed based on the first level of detail also has a better profitable performance than the normal aggregation, and the performance of the third level of detail is within the limits of aggregation. In addition, the average duration of the transaction also shows significant decrease in the first and second levels. Profitability performance at the level of general series is generally weaker than the aggregate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - Analytical-Approximate Solution for Nonlinear Volterra Integro-Differential Equations
M. Matinfar A. Riahifar -
Open Access Article
302 - Symbolic computation of the Duggal transform
D. Pappas V. Katsikis I. Stanimirovic -
Open Access Article
303 - Solving systems of nonlinear equations using decomposition technique
M. Nili Ahmadabadi F. Ahmad G. Yuan X. Li -
Open Access Article
304 - Numerical solution of a system of fuzzy polynomial equations by modified Adomian decomposition method
M. Mosleh -
Open Access Article
305 - Characterization of matrices using m-projectors and singular value decomposition in Minkowski space
M. S. Lone T. H. Khan -
Open Access Article
306 - Some properties of Moore$-$Penrose inverse of weighted composition operators
M. Sohrabi -
Open Access Article
307 - Compact composition operators on real Banach spaces of complex-valued bounded Lipschitz functions
D. Alimohammadi S. Sefidgar -
Open Access Article
308 - Stochastic averaging for SDEs with Hopf Drift and polynomial diffusion coefficients
M. Alvand -
Open Access Article
309 - Some algebraic properties of Lambert Multipliers on $L^2$ spaces
A. Zohri S. Khalil Sarbaz -
Open Access Article
310 - Analysis of a Single Server Queue with Working Vacation and Vacation Interruption
Shakir Majid P Manoharan -
Open Access Article
311 - Determination of a Matrix Function in the Form of f(A)=g(q(A)) Where g(x) Is a Transcendental Function and q(x) Is a Polynomial Function of Large Degree Using the Minimal Polynomial
Esmat Nikbakht -
Open Access Article
312 - Solving Differential Equations by Using a Combination of the First Kind Chebyshev Polynomials and Adomian Decomposition Method
hasan barzegar kelishami -
Open Access Article
313 - A Solution Towards to Detract Cold Start in Recommender Systems Dealing with Singular Value Decomposition
Keyvan Vahidy Rodpysh Seyed Javad Mirabedini Touraj Banirostam -
Open Access Article
314 - NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF BOUSSINESQ EQUATION USING MODIFIED ADOMIAN DECOMPOSITION AND HOMOTOPY ANALYSIS METHODS
Sh. Sadigh Behzadi -
Open Access Article
315 - HAAR WAVELET AND ADOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHOD FOR THIRD ORDER PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS ARISING IN IMPULSIVE MOTION OF A AT PLATE
I. Singh S. Kumar -
Open Access Article
316 - ADOMIAN DECOMPOSITION METHOD AND PADÉ APPROXIMATION TO DETERMINE FIN EFFICIENCY OF CONVECTIVE SOLAR AIR COLLECTOR IN STRAIGHT FINS
Tabet Ismail M. Kezzar K. Touafe N. Bellel S. Gherieb A. Khelifa M. Adouane -
Open Access Article
317 - RESOLUTION METHOD FOR MIXED INTEGER LINEAR MULTIPLICATIVE-LINEAR BILEVEL PROBLEMS BASED ON DECOMPOSITION TECHNIQUE
Habibe Sadeghi Leila Karimi -
Open Access Article
318 - A Comparative Study on the Factors of Lexical and Syntactic Cohesion in Compositions of Grade Three and Five Primary School Students’ of Shahryar in order to Offer an Appropriate Instructional Method
farzaneh farzei fatemeh mottaghi pour maryam taherzadehThe present study adopted Halliday’s (1976) approach strived to compare factors of lexical and syntactic cohesion in compositions of grade three and five primary school students. The study was based on the descriptive-analytical approach. The research questions we MoreThe present study adopted Halliday’s (1976) approach strived to compare factors of lexical and syntactic cohesion in compositions of grade three and five primary school students. The study was based on the descriptive-analytical approach. The research questions were a) development of which syntactic tool causes increased cohesion in grade five students’ compositions compared with those of third graders? And b) why fifth graders compositions enjoy lexical cohesion more than third graders? The purpose of the study was to determine writing progress of grade five students in comparison with grade three students. The population included two sets of students’ compositions. The data were qualitatively analyzed through syntactic and lexical analysis of individual sentences. The findings indicate that fifth graders used more syntactic and lexical factors. It was concluded that their richer lexical and syntactic repertoire caused them to outdo their grade three counterparts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - Physicochemical Properties of Black Walnut (Juglans nigra L.) in the Western Mid-hills of Nepal
Subas Sunar Dinesh Bhatt Bhisma Raj Regmi Badrika Devkota Shanker Raj Barsila -
Open Access Article
320 - Economic and Nutritional Values of Walnut: The Main Reason for Development of Walnut in Uzbekistan
Gayrat Pardaev Ruziboy Normamatov -
Open Access Article
321 - Consumption of Nuts and Similar Dried Foods in Portugal and Level of Knowledge about their Chemical Composition and Health Effects
Raquel Guin&amp;eacute; Paula Correia Sara Fernandes Elsa Ramalhosa -
Open Access Article
322 - Nutritional Value and Physical Properties of Syrian Pine Nuts
Hamza Radhi Shad Emad Mahmood Al-Mualm Saif A. J. Al-Shalah Talib Kh. Hussein Ghadaa Tarak Zedian Khattab Fawwaz -
Open Access Article
323 - Evaluation of Protein, Fat and Fatty Acids Content of the Pistachio (pistacia vera l.) Cultivars of Damghan, Iran
A Abdoshahi S.A Mortazavi A.A Shabani A.H Elhamirad M Taheri -
Open Access Article
324 - Investigation on nutritional value and fatty acid composition of the black Pomfret Parastromateus niger muscle tissue in Bushehr coasts
Esmaeil Pagheh Mohammad EslamiBlack pomfret is the species with high commercial value in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea. This study was aimed to determine nutritional value and fatty acid composition in the muscle of this fish. 12 fish pieces with mean weight 754 gram purchased from Bushehr fishi MoreBlack pomfret is the species with high commercial value in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea. This study was aimed to determine nutritional value and fatty acid composition in the muscle of this fish. 12 fish pieces with mean weight 754 gram purchased from Bushehr fishing ground were evaluated. Crude protein, crude lipid, ash and moisture contents were measured using AOAC (1990) standard methods, and fatty acid composition analyzed using Murph (1993) method. The results showed that the mean of crude protein, crude lipid, ash and moisture contents in the meat of this fish was 21.38, 0.25, 1.62 and 72.06 percent respectively. 29 fatty acids identified in the muscle of this species among which saturated fatty acids, mono unsaturated fatty acids and poly unsaturated fatty acids contents were 35.19, 16.73 and 41.24 percent of total fatty acids respectively. The most abundant saturated fatty acids, mono unsaturated fatty acids and poly unsaturated fatty acids were palmitic acid (20.14 percent), oleic acid (11.91 percent) and docosa hexaenoic acid (23.37 percent) respectively. The ω3 to ω6 and poly unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids ratios were 12.9 and 1.20 respectively. The results showed that this species is an excellent source of protein and lean fish but contain high amounts of ω3 and poly unsaturated fatty acids therefore can consume in Iranian families as a safe and nutritious seafood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - The effect of gelatin coating on fatty acid and proximate composition of Otlithes ruber(Bloch & schneider,1801) during refrigerated-storage(4 ± 1 ° C)
mahboobeh hassanzadehThe protective properties of gelatin have caused it to be used as a strong coating for fish, which are important sources of protein to humans. In this study, the effect of gelatin coating in the composition of the fatty acid and the chemical compounds of the body Weakfi MoreThe protective properties of gelatin have caused it to be used as a strong coating for fish, which are important sources of protein to humans. In this study, the effect of gelatin coating in the composition of the fatty acid and the chemical compounds of the body Weakfishes (Otlithes ruber) were carried out during 20 days of preservation at a temperature of 4 ± 1° C. the treatments included raw, treatment of gelatin and Gelatin-free treatment, for this purpose samples were coated with a concentration of 10 % of gelatin and then they were packed inside plastic bags and stored at 4 c in the laboratory refrigerator. in the days of 0 - 5 - 10 – 15, three replicates and 3 treatments were tested and the index changes were determined by tiobarbitoric acid, peroxide, approximate analysis, fatty acids. the results of this study showed that there was no significant difference in body composition influenced by gelatin and other group(P > 0.05). The results of the oxidation index showed that the oxidation rate in samples containing gelatin coating was higher than the observed sample. saturated fatty acids(SFA) were the main class of fatty acids followed by Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA). In general coated slices (CS) had higher content of EPA and DHA when compared to non-coated slices (NCS). The results of the beneficial effects of gelatin as a natural and safe cover in fish meat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - A Review of the Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Thymus Species in Iran
AHMAD REZA GOLPARVAR AMIN HADIPANAH -
Open Access Article
327 - Determination of Essential Nutrients in Some Indigenous Pharmacological Plants Growing in Fars Province, Iran
Hamidreza Boostani Alireza Mahmoodi Esmaiel Farrokhnejad -
Open Access Article
328 - Changes in the Level of Asprosin as a Novel Adipocytokine after Different Types of Resistance Training
Mohammad Jahangiri shahnaz shahrbanian Anthony C. Hackney -
Open Access Article
329 - Clarification of a profitable trading system based on dynamic analysis
Atefeh Bagheri Naghneh Sayyed Mohammad Reza DavoodiPurpose: The purpose of this study is to predict stock returns and ultimately present a trading strategy based on dynamic analysis.Methodology: The behavior of a stock portfolio can be considered as a complex and chaotic dynamic system in which the return of the portfol MorePurpose: The purpose of this study is to predict stock returns and ultimately present a trading strategy based on dynamic analysis.Methodology: The behavior of a stock portfolio can be considered as a complex and chaotic dynamic system in which the return of the portfolio is a state variable that reflects the state of the system. Dynamic mode decomposition is one of the methods in which with the help of available data, a linear approximation of the nonlinear operator governing the system is obtained and by calculating the main modes, the system output can be explicitly calculated in terms of time.Findings: The results of research on a portfolio consisting of 14 industries from the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2010 to 2019 and considering the 5 main modes of system guidance show that the optimal lag is six and the Sharp ratio obtained from the trading system of two Equivalent to the buy and hold system.Originality / Value: Therefore, the use of this trading system is recommended for short-term trading. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - Effect of TiO2 Content of the Slag of Electro Slag Remelting Process on Chemical Composition, Microstructure and Mechanical properties of Recycled IN713LC
مرتضی زمانی معصومه سیف اللهی سید مهدی عباسیRecycling of industrial scrap of IN317LC superalloys via ESR process is investigated in this article. The purpose of this study is reach to the best chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties according to AMS5377E standard. Different levels of TiO2 ( MoreRecycling of industrial scrap of IN317LC superalloys via ESR process is investigated in this article. The purpose of this study is reach to the best chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties according to AMS5377E standard. Different levels of TiO2 (0, 3, 6 wt %) were added to 70CaF2-30Al2O3 ESR slag. The results show that in slag wih 3 wt % TiO2, Ti loss compensate by Oxidation-Reduction reaction between slag and melt. As a result of the variation of slag activity, oxygen and nitrogen of the recycled ingot reach to 14.3 and 16 ppm, respectively. In addition, this ingot has the maximum level of γ' particle with minimum size because of high level of (Ti+Al) of this recycled alloy, the good microstructure and the stress rupture life of 47 hr obtained. In the recycled ingot by 6 wt % TiO2, despite of compensation of Ti loss and increase of Ti level, the mechanical properties reduced as a result of reduction of γ' volume fraction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - Study catalytic effect of CeO2 nanoparticle on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Esmaeil Ayoman Shahrdad Arastoo Marjan Tahriri Mozhgan TahririStudy catalytic effect of CeO2 nanoparticle on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate ABSTRACT This work studied on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate activated by addition of commercial CeO2 nanoparticles. CeO2 nanoparticles were characterized by MoreStudy catalytic effect of CeO2 nanoparticle on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate ABSTRACT This work studied on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate activated by addition of commercial CeO2 nanoparticles. CeO2 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transition electron microscope (TEM). The TEM study revealed that the majority of CeO2 particles are of 10–30 nm in size. The catalytic activities of CeO2 nanoparticles on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results imply that the catalytic performance of CeO2 nanoparticles is significant and the decrease in the thermal decomposition temperature and the increase in the heat decomposition AP. So that, adding 2 Wt.% of CeO2 nanoparticles to AP decreases the thermal decomposition temperature from 423.89 to 330.89 °C. Also, Adding 2 Wt.% of CeO2 nanoparticles to AP increases the heat decomposition from 835 to 1517.22 J/g. Keywords: CeO2 Nanoparticles, Catalytic Activity, Ammonium Perchlorate, Thermal Decomposition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - Influence of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of HVOF Sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr Coating
Pejman Zamani Moghadam Reza Ghasemi Behnaz saeedi Hamid Dahaghin Farhad Shahriari Mahmood MemariDeposition of the Cr3C2-NiCr cermet by the HVOF process results in the dissolution of Cr3C2 in the NiCr metal phase and decreasing the hardness and the elastic modulus of the resulting coating. In this study, Cr3C2-25wt% (Ni-20Cr) powder was applied to Hastelloy X super MoreDeposition of the Cr3C2-NiCr cermet by the HVOF process results in the dissolution of Cr3C2 in the NiCr metal phase and decreasing the hardness and the elastic modulus of the resulting coating. In this study, Cr3C2-25wt% (Ni-20Cr) powder was applied to Hastelloy X super alloy substrates by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) process. Influence of heat treatment on Cr3C2 phase recovery and improvement of hardness and elastic modulus of coatings was investigated. For this purpose, microstructural examination performed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and phase composition analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis on the coating before and after heat treatment. Analysis of back scattered electron microscopy images showed that up to 11% of the dissolved carbide phases in the NiCr alloy recovered during heat treatment. In the XRD patterns of the heat-treated coatings, the amorphous regions disappeared and the NiCr peaks pronounced more in the background phase pattern. Also, the hardness and elastic modulus of coating after heat treatment increased by 156 HV0.3 and 98 GPa, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - Evaluating the Effective Parameters in the Zircon Alkali Decomposition Process and Determining the Optimal Operating Conditions for Zirconium Extraction
Ali Yadollahi M. Torab-Mostaedi Kamal Saberayn Amir CharkhiAlkali decomposition with NaOH is the most commonly used method for extraction of zirconium from zircon mineral. This process includes alkali fusion, water leaching and acid leaching steps. In this study, Taguchi method was utilized to find the optimum operational condi MoreAlkali decomposition with NaOH is the most commonly used method for extraction of zirconium from zircon mineral. This process includes alkali fusion, water leaching and acid leaching steps. In this study, Taguchi method was utilized to find the optimum operational conditions of alkali decomposition process. The results showed that under the optimal conditions of NaOH/ZrSiO4 mole ratio of 6:1, NaOH concentration of 30% and fusion temperature of 650 °C, 98.6% of the initial zircon was decomposed, as no pick of ZrSiO4 was observed in the XRD pattern of the alkali fusion product. The conditions of water leaching step were investigated as well, and under the optimal conditions of, liquid–solid ratio of 5:1, leaching temperature of 30 °C and leaching three times, 96.2% of sodium and 77.9% of silica content in the alkali fusion product were removed. The crystal phase structures of ZrO2 and SiO2 were observed in the residual solid after heat treatment. In the acid leaching step, leaching with 4 mol/L sulfuric acid with liquid/solid ratio of 20 at temperature of 60 °C, resulted in 92.73% recovery of zirconium and the silica content in the acid leaching solution was obtained 31 ppm. Results of this research suggest the optimal operational conditions of the facile, low price and proper industrial method for recovery of zirconium from zircon mineral. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - The Study and Comparison of Some of Chemical Compositions in Muscle of Three Endemic Species of Cyprinidae from Hor-e-lazim Wetland in Khoozestan Province
محمد ولایتزاده مهدی بیریا سعد بازیارThe aim of this study was to assess protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture and zinc and iron in three species fish Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius voraxfrom Hor-e-lazim wetland Khoozestan Province. 27 Samples were collected of Barbus pectorali MoreThe aim of this study was to assess protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash, and moisture and zinc and iron in three species fish Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius voraxfrom Hor-e-lazim wetland Khoozestan Province. 27 Samples were collected of Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius voraxHor-e-lazim wetland. Data were analyzed with SPSS18 software in terms of t-test which determine prese or non-presence of the significant difference in level 95 precent (P=0.05).This study between of protein, ash and carbohydrate in muscle of Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius voraxfrom Hor-e-lazim wetland dosenot show significance different (Pandgt;0.05), but lipid and moisture in three species fish significance different (Pandlt;0.05). The highest of protein (17.5andplusmn;0.62), lipid (3.43andplusmn;0.2) and carbohydrate (0.61andplusmn;0.009) in muscle of Barbus pectoralis and the highest of ash (1.56andplusmn;0.15) and moisture (80.73andplusmn;0.2) in muscle ofCarasobarbus luteus. The lowest of protein (16.23andplusmn;0.25) and lipid (1.3andplusmn;0.17) were observed in muscle ofCarasobarbus luteus and the lowest ash (1.02andplusmn;0.072) and moisture (77.43andplusmn;0.45) were observed in muscle of Barbus pectoralis. Concentration of iron in muscle of Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius vorax was 10.96andplusmn;0.25, 10.46andplusmn;0.28 and 9.73andplusmn;0.2 mg Kg-1 ww.Concentration of zinc in muscle of Barbus pectoralis, Carasobarbus luteus and Aspius vorax was 11.9andplusmn;0.36, 12.9andplusmn;0.36 and 10.93andplusmn;0.27 mg Kg-1 ww. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - A Survey of Nutritional Composition in Three Fillet Areas (Head, Middle and Tail) of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
سکینه یگانه زیبنده محرابی فاطمه قوامیThe objective of the currentresearch was to investigate the distribution of lipid, protein and moisturethroughout the fillets of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Differences in lipid, protein and moisture content were found amongst different portions of the f MoreThe objective of the currentresearch was to investigate the distribution of lipid, protein and moisturethroughout the fillets of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Differences in lipid, protein and moisture content were found amongst different portions of the fillet, being lowest lipid and highest moisture (9.86andplusmn;0.72), (77.42andplusmn;1.45) in the tail area and contrast highest lipid and lowest moisture in the middle area (11.28andplusmn;0.79), (75.35andplusmn;1.90) respectively (pandlt;0.05). Also recorded the highest amount of protein (42.92andplusmn;1.52) in the tail area and lowest protein (41.23andplusmn;1.89) in the middle area (pandgt;0.05). Significant positive regression was obtained between moisture and lipid content of each area, so it seems to calculate lipid content of each area by moisture content Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - The Study of Body Composition of Boy Swimmers of Sports Supplements Consumption
M. Darvish Khadem T. Bagherpour N. NematiToday, the use of dietary supplements by athletes to perform better athletic skills has earned a special reputation through acceleration of losing weight and fat loss. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Keratin on body composition swimmer MoreToday, the use of dietary supplements by athletes to perform better athletic skills has earned a special reputation through acceleration of losing weight and fat loss. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Keratin on body composition swimmers. In this study, 20 male swimmers in aged between 20 to 30 years were selected as subjects. The participants had been explained about what they should be doing and consent was signed by them. Then, the factors of height, weight and body composition were measured. Subjects were matched regarding their age, weight and height then they were randomly assigned to the experimental group including 10 subjects and a control group including 10 subjects. The experimental group and the control group were trained during of 8 weeks (3 sessions per week, meeting one hour). The Creatine group was consumption 20 grams of Creatine in four servings of 5 grams in grape juice where in the first serving was in the morning, the second serving was before a workout at 14:15 (45 minutes before the workout), the third serving was at a few time after the exercise about 16:30 and the fourth serving was before sleeping, but the days when they had no practice, they were taking only in the morning. The placebo group, consumed four servings of 4 grams (2 grams of rice flour and 2 grams of starch) dissolved in apple juice at the same time as in the Creatine group. Body fat percentage of both groups was measured by using calipers and measured three-point method and then training protocol was carried out and all the practice sessions was done to repeat this protocol. Then after 8-weeks swimming training, percentage of body fat were measured and recorded again. After analyzing data using independent t-test and t-test results showed that the group that had consumed Creatine was significant decrease in body fat percentage in the post-test compared with pre-test and so between the two groups, group taking Creatine were significant decrease in percent body fat compared with exercise training. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - Comparison of Six Weeks of Weight Training with a Combination of Beta Hydroxy-Beta Methyl Butyrate and Creatine Supplement and Two Weeks of Non-training on Body Composition and Muscle Function Factors in male Powerlifting Athletes
Mojtaba Darvishkhadem Tahereh Bagherpour Nematollah NematiThis study aimed to compare six weeks of weight training with HMB and creatine supplementation and two weeks of non-training on body composition and muscle function factors in male powerlifting athletes Thirty-two male athletes aged 21 to 30 years were randomly divided MoreThis study aimed to compare six weeks of weight training with HMB and creatine supplementation and two weeks of non-training on body composition and muscle function factors in male powerlifting athletes Thirty-two male athletes aged 21 to 30 years were randomly divided into four groups of 8 people creatine, HMB, HMB + Cr, and weight training. The training program was designed for 6 weeks and four sessions per week. The HMB group had 3 grams of the supplement on training days and 1 gram on non-training days, the creatine group on training days in 3 servings of 5 grams and 5 grams on non-training days, HMB + Cr group HMB supplement in 3 grams per day, and Creatine was consumed in the same way as the creatine group. During the two weeks of training, the HMB group received 1 gr of the supplement daily, the creatine group received 5 gr of the supplement, and the HMB + Cr group received 1 gr of the HMB supplement daily and 5 gr of the creatine supplement. A Two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to test the hypotheses. Comparison between groups showed that there was not a significant difference in body fat percentage, lower body muscle strength, and muscle endurance between the four groups of weight training, creatine supplementation, HMB supplementation, and HMB + Cr supplementation in the post-test and two weeks of non-training. Also, the comparison between the groups showed that There was a significant difference in upper body muscle strength in the post-test, between the HMB + Cr group and the weight training group, the HMB + Cr group and the creatine group, the HMB + Cr group and the HMB group and Also in two weeks of non-training, between HMB + Cr group and weight training group, HMB + Cr group and creatine group, HMB + Cr group and HMB group, also comparison between groups showed that in two weeks of non-training, there was a significant difference in lower body muscle endurance between the weight training group, and HMB, the weight training group and HMB + Cr. It seems that six weeks of weight training with a combination of HMB and creatine supplements and two weeks of non-training can lead to a reduction in body fat percentage and improved muscle function factors in male powerlifters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - Effect of Four Weeks of Aerobic Training and Triphala Supplementation on Levels of Lipid Profile and Body Composition in Obese and Overweight Girls
N. Bijeh F. Korepaz mashhadi F. DareiniSupplementation by triphala along with aerobic exercises may affect obesity in various ways including increased metabolism. This study aimed at investigating the effect of four weeks of aerobic training with/without triphala supplementation on levels of lipid profile an MoreSupplementation by triphala along with aerobic exercises may affect obesity in various ways including increased metabolism. This study aimed at investigating the effect of four weeks of aerobic training with/without triphala supplementation on levels of lipid profile and body composition in obese and overweight girls. In this quasi-experimental study, 36 obese and overweight girls were selected based on certain criteria and randomly divided into four groups: 1) exercise + placebo 2) supplement 3) exercise + supplement 4) placebo. The first and the third groups performed the aerobic exercises for 4 weeks, and the second and third groups consumed 10 grams of triphala daily in the same period. Blood sampling and physical examination were performed to measure the variables 48 hours before and after the research's protocol. The data were analyzed by paired sample t test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey test at the significance level of 0.05. The present study significantly decreased lipid profiles including cholesterol (p = 0.0012), triglyceride (p = 0.039), low density lipoprotein (p = 0.001), high density lipoprotein (p = 0.004), very low density lipoprotein (p = 0.05), WC (p = 0.009) and body fat percent (p = 0.025) in the placebo + exercise group. Also, the significant decrease in fasting glucose index (p = 0.043), WHR (p = 0.001), WC (p = 0.042) and body fat percent (p = 0.001) was seen in the supplement group. Significant decrease was indicated in glucose level (P = 0.003), WC (p = 0.015), body fat percent (p = 0.001) and body mass index (p = 0.020) in the supplement + exercise group. Considering the significant reduction in body fat percentage and some anthropometric indices in the experimental groups, it was suggested that the obese girls use triphala supplement in addition to the aerobic exercises to improve their body composition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - A survey on the effects of different dietary levels of Acidi fire Biotronic S.A. fort® on growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Barbus Schwanen feldi
Hassan MohammadiThe aim of this research was to survey on the effects of different dietary levels of Acidi fire Biotronic S.A. fort ® on growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Babus schwanen feldi. So 4 treatments with 0, 2, 4 & 6 g/kg Acidi fire in feed were MoreThe aim of this research was to survey on the effects of different dietary levels of Acidi fire Biotronic S.A. fort ® on growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Babus schwanen feldi. So 4 treatments with 0, 2, 4 & 6 g/kg Acidi fire in feed were designed in triplicates with 10 fish Barbs juveniles with initial average weight 2.7 + 0.03 g were fed with experimental fed during 60 days. As the result showed the less BWI was observed in 4 th treatment and the most one was observed in control. The most and less length invrease were seen in 2 nd & 6th treatments respectively. The most Ash content and less one were observed in 4 th and control treatments respectively. The most moisture content and less one were observed in 6th and 2nd treatments respectively. In conclusion, control treatment was the best one Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - Effects of Dietary Nucleotide supplementation on growth Performance, some hematological parameters and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Habib Sarsangi Aliabad Salar Dorafshan Fatemeh Peykan Heyrati Mahmoud Hafeziyeh Mohammad Mohammadi Nemat MahmoudiAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary nucleotide on growth performance and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Four experimental diets were formulated by using different levels of exogenous nucleotide consist of 0 (control), MoreAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary nucleotide on growth performance and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Four experimental diets were formulated by using different levels of exogenous nucleotide consist of 0 (control), 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 percent. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish with initial average weight of approximately 52 g. Fish were fed on experimental diets during the 45 days of culturing period at the rate of 2-3 % biomass two times per day. Results showed that some growth indices such as final weight, weight gain, daily growth rate and specific growth rate significantly increased by increasing nucleotide level, while feed conversion rate decrease by increasing nucleotide level. Body composition analysis showed that protein content increased by increasing nucleotide levels but fat and ash content decreased insignificantly. There was an increasing trend in the level of some hematological parameters but there were no significant changes among groups (P>0.05). So it seems that nucleotide administration improve the growth performance but it has no effect on hematological parameters and body composition of Nile tilapia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - Comparison of effects in different enzymic levels Immnowall indices of growth, survival rate and body composition in (Rutilus firisii kutum) fingerlings
Abbas Barari Mohammad Mehdi Abbaszadeh Rahim Farnia Taghi Mohamamdi Fotemi Mazdak Pakzad Soraki Niloofar Fallah Mohammad Reza ImanpourThis study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of Immnowall on feed intake, weight gain, food conversation ratio, specific growth rate, total length and survival of juvenile Kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum. For this purpose, 300 fish were stocked in three replications at MoreThis study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of Immnowall on feed intake, weight gain, food conversation ratio, specific growth rate, total length and survival of juvenile Kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum. For this purpose, 300 fish were stocked in three replications at the VENIRO tanks and fed twice daily by 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/Kg of Immnowall for 8 weeks. Results showed that growth factors including: weight gain, specific growth rate, growth rate, feed conversion ratio and body weight index for fish administrated by 0.15 percent Immnowall showed a statistical significant differences (P<0.05) by control. Protein rate increased in probiotic treatment ( 4,5 and 6 with 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 percent Immnowall in diet )of carcass analysis and showed a statistical significant differences (P<0.05) by control. Moreover, fish fed by 0.05 percent Immnowall and 0.15 percent Immnowall multienzyme showed a significant difference (P<0.05) in higher survival rate than control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - The effect of using different levels of acidifier (Biotronic S. E. Forte) on growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Barb (Tinfoil barb)
Hassan Mohammadi Hamed ManouchehriThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of using different levels of acidifier (Biotronic S. E. Forte) on growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Barb (tinfoil barb). So food additive was used at levels of 0, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg in fo MoreThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of using different levels of acidifier (Biotronic S. E. Forte) on growth performance, survival rate and body composition of Barb (tinfoil barb). So food additive was used at levels of 0, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg in four experimental diets. A diet without acidifier was used as the control. Diets were fed to three replicate groups of 16 fish with an initial weight of 2.7±0.03 g for a period of 60 days. 0 g per kg of acid supplements. Also during this period, the highest increase was seen in the height of the treatment 4 kg of acid capacity; 2 /1cm to 6/43 cm, and the lowest rate of growth of acid capacity was 2 / 9cm which reached to 7/2 cm. Finally, different treatments for scrutiny of the amount of protein, fat, ash and moisture to specialized laboratories were analyzed by corpus, which was in the highest protein content (15/47 for the treatment of 6 g per kg of acid). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - The Effect of a Period of CrossFit Training on Anthropometric Indices, Aerobic Power and Time to Exhaustion in Female Futsal Players
maleiheh fazelan niko khosravi fahimeh kazemiCrossFit is one of the growing high-intensity functional training modes. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a CrossFit training on anthropometric indices, aerobic power and time to exhaustion in female futsal players. Twenty-four female futs MoreCrossFit is one of the growing high-intensity functional training modes. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a CrossFit training on anthropometric indices, aerobic power and time to exhaustion in female futsal players. Twenty-four female futsal players with mean age of 20 ± 2 years and mean weight of 56.12 ± 6.86 kg were randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n=12) and control (n=12). Subjects performed the tests including Bruce's test, composition assessment two days before and after the training. The training group performed CrossFit training for four weeks, two days per week and 35-40 minutes per session, and the control group performed only their daily activities during this period. Data were analyzed using paired sample t-test and independent t-test at the significant level of P<0.05. The results of paired sample t-test showed that there was no significant difference between body weight, BMI, %BF, WHR, BFM, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and time to exhaustion in control and training groups in pre- and post-test. Also, the results of independent sample t-test showed that there was no significant difference between above mentioned variables in control and training groups after 4 weeks. In conclusion, according to the findings of this study, CrossFit training for 4 weeks, two days a week had no effect on improving anthropometric indices, aerobic power and time to exhaustion in female futsal players. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - Effects of Rapeseed meal replacement by Soybean meal on productive traits of fresh Holstein cows
N. Ghobadi,The aim of in this study was effect of different level replacement soybean meal and canola meal and its effectin Dry matter, production and milk composition Glocose and BUN of dairy cow. here of 24 Holstein cows wereselected randomly.Treatments were diets containing dif MoreThe aim of in this study was effect of different level replacement soybean meal and canola meal and its effectin Dry matter, production and milk composition Glocose and BUN of dairy cow. here of 24 Holstein cows wereselected randomly.Treatments were diets containing different levels of 0,5,10 and 15 percent rapeseed mealwas replaced with soybean meal. Then The blood and milk samples from cows were then and Analyzed by Sasand Glm.The results showed no signifcant differences between any of the treatments (P≥0.50) in case of milkprotein percentage, fat percentage, the percentage of lactose, glucose levels and blood BUN. Effect of time on allcomponents of the study was signifcant (P≤ 0.50).The test results showed that the soybean meal with canola mealwithout detrimental effects on production parameters and blood metabolites in dairy cows fed soybean meal wasreplaced every level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - A review of the social and economic structure of Qajar
shahin pahnadayanA review of the social and economic structure of Qajar Shahin Pahnadayan ,PhD Department of Law and Political Science Branch,Islamic Azad University , Karaj,Iran. Summary : Productive forces and production tools reiterate the agrarian mode of production and the ty MoreA review of the social and economic structure of Qajar Shahin Pahnadayan ,PhD Department of Law and Political Science Branch,Islamic Azad University , Karaj,Iran. Summary : Productive forces and production tools reiterate the agrarian mode of production and the type of property and social stratification of the third century until the thirteenth century, almost the same and the same has been. In fact, texture, structure and composition of economic, social and former Baadvar no significant differences in the early Qajar era. For it apart from ordinary professionals stratification, composed of two distinct groups: the elite Vhakm at the top and lower non-ruling class.The reality of Iranian society mentioned in passing, The frequency with which the different European models and their own version Questions about this all the difference (developed in Europe and the decline of Iran) comes. Today the discussion of economic and social development and backwardness and confusion is common in Iran seriously, and Muslim that the root of the economic and social crisis of today is not so distant past, In this article, the question of the social structure and economic Iranian Qajar era (society in transition from old traditions to modern life) will be discussed and perhaps by examining the social and economic structure Qajar terms of providing the origins of the chaotic and explaining and describing the present time. Key words: Qajar, composition, economic, social stratification elite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - Obstacles affecting students' participation in sports activities, meta-composite and meta-analysis approach
fahimeh rivandi مهوش نوربخش مهدی کهندل پریوش نوربخشThere is a large amount of studies about students' participation in sports activities, the results of which are somewhat ambiguous and ambiguous, therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of meta-synthesis and meta-analysis of the barriers affecting stu MoreThere is a large amount of studies about students' participation in sports activities, the results of which are somewhat ambiguous and ambiguous, therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of meta-synthesis and meta-analysis of the barriers affecting students' participation in sports activities. The method of this research is a systematic review with the aim of combining quantitative and qualitative research. The statistical population of this research is the qualitative and quantitative studies that are available within the country between 1385 and 1400, which were examined based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the meta-combination of 12 studies and in the meta-analysis of 22 studies. In the meta-combination section, thematic synthesis method was used to analyze the results of primary research. The findings of the meta-composite section showed that there are three general environmental barriers in the explanation of barriers affecting students' participation in sports, namely public environment barriers, operational environment barriers, and internal environment barriers. Students participate in sports activities. In the meta-analysis, the results of the combined effect size for both the random effects model and the fixed effects model were equal to 0.35. The effective barriers of parents' attitude towards girls' sports are among the most important variables and in most cases the findings of past researches were confirmed and in some cases they were violated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - Growth Performance and Energy Utilization of broilers fed High and Low Metabolizable Energy Diets Supplemented with Multi-Enzyme
S.A. Moftakharzadeh H. Janmohammadi Samira Kian S. Sadeghi S. YousefiThis experiment was determined to investigate the effects of exogenous-enzyme addition to the high and low levels of metabolizable energy (ME), on performance, energy utilization and body composition of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal diets from 0 to 21 days of a MoreThis experiment was determined to investigate the effects of exogenous-enzyme addition to the high and low levels of metabolizable energy (ME), on performance, energy utilization and body composition of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal diets from 0 to 21 days of age. 240 one-d-old male Ross 308 broil-ers were used in a completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial design, with six replicate cages per treatment. Two metabolizable energy level: 3150 or 2750 kcal/kg and two enzyme (with xylanase beta-glucanase, and phy-tase activity) level: 0 and 200 mg/kg dry matter (DM) were used. There was a main effect of energy (P<0.05) on feed intake of broilers and feeding 2750 kcal/kg ME diet increased feed intake (FI) of broilers in the whole period. The addition of enzyme to 2750 kcal/kg ME diet significantly (P<0.05) improved the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broiler chickens on 0-21 days of age (P<0.05). While net energy for production (NEp), NE, ME, organic matter, and dry matter digestibility were improved (P<0.05) by supplementing both energy level diets with enzyme at 21 d, only addition of enzyme to 2750 kcal/kg ME diet reduced heat production (HP) of broilers in the total trial (P<0.05). On day 21, the amount of NE improvement by enzyme supplementation was greater than ME for 2750 and 3150 kcal/kg, respectively. This study showed that NE is a more sensitive energy utilization measure than ME for evaluating the response of broilers to enzyme supplementation, and the energy retained as fat and protein in the body carcass was higher for the birds fed lower energy diet supplemented with enzyme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - A study survey on the effective the socio-demographic factors on sexual preference of children (case study: working married women in central organization of Islamic Azad University in 1392)
Mahmoud Moushfegh Mohammad AtaiiAbstract There search began for find the socio-demographic factors influencing to sexual preference among employee women and the researcher used the survey method and questionnaires Techniques to identify variable affecting payments. The population of this study was em MoreAbstract There search began for find the socio-demographic factors influencing to sexual preference among employee women and the researcher used the survey method and questionnaires Techniques to identify variable affecting payments. The population of this study was employed women in the central organization Islamic Azad University. Among them, the187 in dividualswere estimated with Cochran formula, and they were selected by method of random sample. After completing the questionnaires, there were analyzed by Spss software and fit statistics and tests was used in order to test hypo theses about variables and the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. The results showed that the sex composition of children, migration, women’s age, women’s place of birth, ethnicity, and education were significant in the tendency to sexual preference. Unlike previous sides of women's socio-economic status and religious degree from independent variables in this study showed no significant relationship at the 95%confidence level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - Structure of Epic Language in Kushnameh-ye Iranshan Ibn Abilkhir
Saman Rahman Zade Fatemeh Modarresi Bahman NozhatThe structure of epic language in Kushnameh written by Iranshan AbilKhayr *Saman Rahman Zadeh PhD Student, Persian Literature, Urmia University, Iran **Fatemeh Modarresi Persian Literature, Urmia University, Iran ***Bahman Nozhat Associate Professor, Persian Liter MoreThe structure of epic language in Kushnameh written by Iranshan AbilKhayr *Saman Rahman Zadeh PhD Student, Persian Literature, Urmia University, Iran **Fatemeh Modarresi Persian Literature, Urmia University, Iran ***Bahman Nozhat Associate Professor, Persian Literature, Urmia University, Iran Date of reception: 96/12/11 Date of acceptance: 98/7/17 Abstract One of the subjects in new criticism is to investigate the structure of language in literary works. The pattern suggested for the study of epic language, studies the characteristic of poetic language used in epic in terms of music, phonetic, diction, syntax, rhetoric, content, and theme to explore how this literary genre manifest itself in language and describes the process of epic composition. For this reason taking Shahnameh as the yardstick for epic language and employing formalistic theories and the pattern provided by schloars Shahbazi and Malek Sabet in this regard this article seeks to study the epic language in Kushnameh. At every level necessary parameters are defined their manifestation in the epic language are shown providing evidence to indicate the characteristics of the epic language followed by the enquiry about how successful Iranshan Abilkhayr had been in using the epic language. Results obtained show that Abilkhayr as one of the imitators of epic language, selecting shahnameh for model had been fairly successful in employing the epic language in many instances and his work is recognized as a complete example of national epic composition after Shahnameh. * . saman207@gmail.com ** . fatemeh.modarresi@yahoo.com *** . b.nozhat@urmia.ac.ir Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - On Bahmannameh
Akbar Nahvi Sara RezapurBahmannameh is an epic account of Bahman, son of Esfandyar. Dr Afifi, proofreader of this poem specifies the author’s name as Iranshah ibn Abi’l-khair, and Dr Matini proofreader of Koushnameh, another epic of this author, for some reason assumes the name Ira MoreBahmannameh is an epic account of Bahman, son of Esfandyar. Dr Afifi, proofreader of this poem specifies the author’s name as Iranshah ibn Abi’l-khair, and Dr Matini proofreader of Koushnameh, another epic of this author, for some reason assumes the name Iranshan ibn Abi’l-khair to be correct. The exact date of composition of Bahmannameh is not clear and it is said to have been composed at the end of the fifth and beginning of the sixth century. Thus uncertainties still remain as to the exact name of the poet and date of its composition. This essay with reference to Mojmal-attavarikh-valghesas manuscripts, and also studying the events referred by the composer of the poem in its preface has proved based on certain evidence that the composition of Bahmannameh had already been completed slightly before the tenth of month of Zihijeh 495, and after Garshaspnameh it is considered as the oldest national epic of Iran. Furthermore the name of Iranshan despite its oddness is quite genuine. It is verified with reference to the Fiqh al- lughah and its meaning and other examples of similar names are also discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Rostam in Gorani epics
Arash Akbari MafakherAbstract Rostam is the preeminent national hero in Persian epics. There is no mention of Rostam’s name in Avesta and Dinkard, yet in few Pahlavi texts there are some brief references to his name all the more reason for later addition of it. Rostam&rsqu MoreAbstract Rostam is the preeminent national hero in Persian epics. There is no mention of Rostam’s name in Avesta and Dinkard, yet in few Pahlavi texts there are some brief references to his name all the more reason for later addition of it. Rostam’s tales are quite well known and popular in Parthian era and towards the end of Sassanid era in particular and had therefore an important role in transmitting and spreading the tales to the Islamic era in two branches, eastern one with Persian language as the focal point and western one with Gorani language as the main concern. The study of the role and standpoint of Rostam in western Iran is the subject matter of this article. In fourth and fifth lunar century, Piruzan Shahnameh in western branch include the mythological history of Iran from the reign of Kayumars till the reign of Bahman with numerous tales of Rostam. Shahnameh or Gordnameh composed by Larijani in Hamedan was produced following the example of Piruzan Shahnameh. In Gorani epics there is a reference to a Shahnameh in prose which seems to be that of Piruzan. Probably the fountain head of Gorani epics goes back to this Shahnameh and narratives of Gordnameh Larijani and their sources. Gorani epics encompass the full cycle of Rostam’s life from birth to his death. Apart from Rostam’s tales in Shahnameh Ferdowsi, there are extra narratives and epics added after the composition of Shahnameh, also narratives recited by the minstrels or naqqals such as Rostam and Zonoon, Rostam and Zardhang of which only their Gorani versions are available. Keywords Rostam, Shahnameh, Gorani language, Composition of Shahnameh, Rostam Nameh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - The effect of 8 weeks of Pilates exercises with and without vitamin D supplementation on body composition and osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women
Saber Rezanejad Zeynab Mehri babadi Akram khani RozvehIntroduction: The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercises with and without vitamin D supplementation on body composition and osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women. Methodology: The statistical populatio MoreIntroduction: The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercises with and without vitamin D supplementation on body composition and osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women. Methodology: The statistical population of this study included postmenopausal women with an age range (50-70 years) and a high body mass index (25 to 29 kg/m2), with 40 women in three experimental groups and one group were controlled. The first group of 10 people only did Pilates, the second group of 10 people only took vitamin D supplements, the third group of 10 people did Pilates with the supplement and the last group was considered as the control group. The subjects participated in the Pilates exercise program, which included 8 weeks of three sessions of one hour per week, and took vitamin D supplements according to the schedule. Finally, the subjects' body mass index, vitamin D level, and osteoporosis level were determined before and after the activity. To check the results, the statistical method of covariance test was used at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results: Based on the obtained results, Pilates exercises along with vitamin D supplementation had an effect on the body composition of overweight postmenopausal women and reduced the body mass index of women (P≤0.05)). Pilates exercises combined with vitamin D supplementation had an effect on osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women and the rate of osteoporosis in the subjects was reduced (P≤0.05). However, supplement consumption and Pilates exercise alone did not affect the amount of body mass index and osteoporosis (P≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results obtained from this research, it is possible to suggest Pilates exercises along with vitamin D supplementation to overweight postmenopausal women to improve body composition and prevent osteoporosis. The main goal of osteoporosis treatment is to prevent fractures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - Effects of aerobic exercise and spirulina supplementation on the lipid profile, and body’s functional variables, and composition in overweight women
Sahar Iravani Khosro Jalali Dehkordi Kamran TavakolBackground: Obesity leads to various chronic conditions and investigating its causative factors is of health and clinical and significance to humans. Doing physical exercises regularly and consuming proper diet are frequently recommended for achieving health benefits an MoreBackground: Obesity leads to various chronic conditions and investigating its causative factors is of health and clinical and significance to humans. Doing physical exercises regularly and consuming proper diet are frequently recommended for achieving health benefits and resolving the various complications of obesity. This study examined the question whether performing moderate intensity aerobic exercises combined with spirulina, a seaweed rich in probiotics and antioxidants, can improve the lipid profile, body composition and function in overweight women. Methods: We examined the associated variables linked to obesity in 20 volunteer women in a pre- and post-test design over eight weeks of intense aerobic exercises based on an established protocol, compared to the controls. We assessed cardiovascular endurance, and variables like lipid profile, weight, body mass index, and lean muscle mass in response to exercising plus spirulina consumption versus the controls. Results: The exercise combined with spirulina significantly reduced blood triglycerides and LDL while raising the HDL. The treatment significantly reduced the body weight, fat and BMI while increasing the muscle strength and Vo2max compared to those of the control group. Conclusions: Combining moderate intensity aerobic exercises with spirulina supplements significantly reduced the body weight, fat deposits, and BMI while increasing the muscle strength and Vo2max in overweight and obese women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - Explaining the establishment of suspension contracts from the perspective of Iranian jurisprudence and public law
mohammadhosein Sayahi gholamali seifi zeinab Rahim SayahUnderstanding suspended contracts and determining their place in Iranian jurisprudence and explaining their nature in various forms are challenging issues in the Iranian legal system. However, the existence of different thoughts and ideas regarding the validity or inval MoreUnderstanding suspended contracts and determining their place in Iranian jurisprudence and explaining their nature in various forms are challenging issues in the Iranian legal system. However, the existence of different thoughts and ideas regarding the validity or invalidity of suspended contracts has created doubts about their effectiveness. Some Islamic jurists consider suspension in contracts to be invalid, arguing on the basis of rational and textual arguments, the lack of establishment of enforceability, and the incompatibility with the certainty of contracts. This is because the purpose of the contracting parties in establishing contracts is to create obligations and realize the effects of the contract. It seems that with the acceptance of suspension in inception and its attachment to enforceable contracts, the justification of suspended contracts in Iranian law is possible within the framework of suspensive conditions. In this regard, those who believe in the validity of suspension, using a descriptive-analytical method and referring to examples of suspended contracts in jurisprudence and law, argue on the basis of the necessity and rationality of developing and benefiting from suspended contracts and avoiding incorrect jurisprudential insights (non-acceptance of suspended contracts) believe that it is necessary to consider the conclusion of contracts in a suspended manner in Iranian law. The conclusion is that, by analyzing and utilitarianism of suspension in contracts, and also by criticizing the identification of the logic of jurisprudence and law in legalism with a new approach to civil sociology (drafting laws that are in the best interests of society) and turning away from the misconception of the inadmissibility of using analogy in jurisprudential interpretation to explain suspension in contracts on the basis of rationality, and avoiding formalism and the independence of the system of thought of jurists is necessary. Manuscript profile
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