Evaluation of the foliar application effect on the chemical compositions of Rosa damascene Mill. essential oil of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province

Subject Areas : Phytochemistry

Shahram  Rajabzadeh ¹ (PhD student, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran)
Prof. Abdollah  Ghasemi Pirbalouti ² (Professor, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Mehrab  Yadegari ³ (Associate Professor, Medicinal, Spicy and Aromatic Plants Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran)
Touraj  Rahimi ⁴ (Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)

Received: 2022-02-02 Accepted : 2022-04-17 Published : 2022-08-21

Keywords: Damask rose, Geraniol, Alkane hydrocarbons, Aromatic composition, β-Citronellol,

Abstract :

Essential oil is one of the most important natural products of damask rose petals (Rosa damascena Mill.). The presence of higher concentrations of aromatic compounds (β-citronellol and geraniol) in the damask rose essential oil indicates an important quality and standard indicator that foliar spraying may be effective in promoting this effective substance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alcoholic and ketone foliar application on the chemical composition of R. damascena essential oil during 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 in a completely randomized design in a rose garden located in the south of Shahrekord, southwestern Iran. The essential oil obtained by hydro-distillation was analyzed using GC/MS. In this regard, 29 compounds were identified in the essential oil, the most important of which were β-citronellol and geraniol (alcoholic monoterpenes) and henicosan and nonadcan (alkane hydrocarbons). The results indicated that the best foliar treatment was 20% ethanol solution during two experimental years; the highest levels of β-citronellol (33%) and geraniol (18%) were obtained from the ethanol spraying (at 20%) compared to other treatments and controls. In addition, this treatment was at the lowest level in terms of the concentration of alkane hydrocarbons in essential oil as a negative indicator of aromatic compounds of the rose essential oil. The acetone foliar spraying had the highest amount of alkane hydrocarbons and the lowest percentage of aromatic compounds compared to control and other treatments. In correlation's Pearson coefficients analysis, the highest significant positive correlation was obtained between aromatic compounds (alcoholic monoterpenes) with each other and between alkane hydrocarbons, meanwhile negative and significant relationships were observed between these two groups of important compounds in the rose essential oil. Finally, it is suggested that to obtain the highest quality of the R. damascena essential oil under similar climatic conditions (cold and semi-arid), the ethanol foliar application with a concentration of 20% can be useful.

References:

1. Adams, R.P. 2007. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/ quadruple mass spectroscopy. Illinois: Allured publishing corporation, Carol Stream.


2. Akbarpour, V., Motaharinejad, M., Bahmanyar, M. 2022. Investigation of morpho-physiological properties of peppermint (Mentha piperita ) affected by carbon sources of ethanol and methanol, Journal of Horticultural Science, DOI: 10.22067/jhs.2022.61778.0 (In Persian).


3. Akram, M., Riaz, M., Munir, N., Akhter, N., Zafar, S., Jabeen, F., Shariati, M.A., Akhtar, N., Riaz, Z., Altaf, S.H. et al. 2020. Chemical constituents, experimental and clinical pharmacology of Rosa damascena: a literature review. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 72: 161–174. DOI:10.1111/jphp.13185.


4. Alavi Samany, S.M., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Malekpoor, F. 2022. Phytochemical and morpho-physiological changes of hyssop in response to chitosan-spraying under different levels of irrigation. Industrial Crops and Products, 176: 114330.


5. Alizadeh Z, Fattahi M. 2021. Essential oil, total phenolic, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids and antioxidant activity of cultivated Damask Rose (Rosa damascena) from Iran: With chemotyping approach concerning morphology and composition. Scientia Horticulturae, 288: 110341. DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110341.


6. Baydar, H., Baydar, N. G. 2004. The effects of harvest date, fermentation duration and Tween 20 treatment on essential oil content and composition of industrial oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.). Industrial Crops and Products, 21: 251-255.


7. Erbas, S. and Baydar, H. 2016. Variation in scent compounds of oil bearing Rose (Rosa damascena) produced by headspace solid phase micro extraction, hydro distillation and solvent extraction record. Natural Records of Products, 10(5): 555-565.


8. Farahani, H., Sajedi, N.A., Madani, H., Changizi, M., Naeini, M.R. 2020. Effect of foliar-applied silicon on flower yield and essential oil composition of Damask Rose (Rosa damascene Miller) under water deficit stress. Silicon, DOI:1007/s12633-020-00762-1.


9. Fatemi, F., Golbodagh, A., Hojihosseini, R., Dadkhah, A., Akbarzadeh, K., Dini, S., Malayeri, M.R.M. 2020. Anti-inflammatory effects of deuterium-depleted water plus Rosa damascena essential oil via cyclooxygenase-2 pathway in rats. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 17: 99–107. DOI:10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.24381.


10. Ghavam, M., Afzali, A., Manconi, M., Bacchetta, G. Manca, M.L. 2021. Variability in chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Rosa× damascena from mountainous regions of Iran. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, 8(1): 1-16.


11. Gorji Chakespari, A., Nikbakht, A.M., Sefidkon, F., Ghasenmi Varnamkhasti, M. 2017. Classification of essential oil composition in Rosa damascena genotypes using an electronic nose. Journal of Applied Research in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 4(1): 27-34.


12. Hadaddi, H., Moradi, P., Motalebi, E. 2016. The Effect of methanol and manganese sulfate spraying on quantity and essential oil components of (Melissa officinalis). Journal of Medicinal Plants, 15 (58):80-88. (In Persian).


13. Khaleghi, A., Khadivi, A. 2020. Morphological characterization of Damask rose (Rosa damascena) germplasm to select superior accessions. Genetic Research Crop Evolution, 67: 1981-1997.


14. Kheiri, A., Mohajjel shoja, H., Sarajoughi, M. 2020. Study on the effect of drought stress and methanol spraying on dehydrine1 gene expression in Carthamus tinctorius. Genetic Engineering and Biosafety Journal, 9(1): 67-75. (In Persian).


15. Kumar, R., Sharma, S., Kaundal, M., Sood, S., Agnihotri, V.K., 2016. Variation in essential oil content and composition of damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill) flowers by salt application under mid hills of the western Himalayas. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 19(2): 297-306.


16. Liu, W.Y., Chen, L.Y., Huang, Y.Y., Fu, L., Song, L.Y., Wang, Y.Y., Bai, Z., Meng, F.F. and Bi, Y.F.2020. Antioxidation and active constituents analysis of flower residue of Rosa damascena. Chinese Herbal Medicines, 12: 336-341. DOI:10.1016/j.chmed.2020.05.005.


17. Moghaddam, M., Narimani, R., Rostami, G., Mojarab, S. 2018. Studying the effect of foliar application of methanol and ethanol on morphological and biochemical characteristics of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum cv Keshkeni luvelou). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 16(2): 345-354, DOI:22067/GSC.V16I2.57520 (In Persian).


18. Mousavi, S.M., Akbarpour, V., Moradi, H., Sadeghi, H. 2021. Effect of methanol and ethanol foliar application on some growth characteristics and some of secondary metabolites thyme (Thymus vulgaris). Journal of Plant Production Research, 28(1): 213-229.DOI: 10.22069/JOPP.2021.18130.2685 (In Persian).


19. Nasiri, M., Torkaman, M., Feizi, S.H., Beigom Bigdeli Shamloo, M. 2021. Effect of aromatherapy with Damask rose on alleviating adults’ acute pain severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 56: 102596, 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102596


20. Nourafcan, H., Kalantari, Z., Sefidkon, F. 2018. The effect of methanol and ethanol foliar application on essential oil composition of peppermint, Agroecology Journal, 14(2): 9-18. DOI: 10.22034/aej.2018.543125(In Persian).


21. Seify, Z., Yadegari, M., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. 2018. Essential oil composition of Rosa damescena produced with different storage temperatures and Horticultural Science and Technology, 36(4): 552-559.


22. Shabbir, , Hanif, M.A., Ayub, M.A., Jilani, M.I., Rahman, S.H. 2020. Damask Rose. Medicinal Plants of South Asia, 217-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102659-5.00017-3.


23. Thakur, M., Kumar, R. 2020. Foliar application of plant growth regulators modulates the productivity and chemical profile of Damask rose (Rosa damascena ) under mid hill conditions of the western Himalaya. Industrial Crop Products, 158: 113024.


24. Vojodi Mehrabani, L. 2019. The effects of methanol and ethanol foliar application under salinity stress on some physiological characteristics of Pelargonium graveolensJournal of Plant Physiology and Breeding, 9(1): 63-73.