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Open Access Article
1 - Analysis of Kuroshio Current Converter as Renewable and Environmentally Friendly Power Plant
امیر قائدیIntroduction: Among different renewable energy sources, ocean is considered as one of the renewable energy sources that has a wide geographical range. Marine currents have different categories that tidal currents are among these currents. Near Japan, there is a current MoreIntroduction: Among different renewable energy sources, ocean is considered as one of the renewable energy sources that has a wide geographical range. Marine currents have different categories that tidal currents are among these currents. Near Japan, there is a current in the ocean known as the Kuroshio Current, which has a high potential for generating electricity. These currents have speed and consequently kinetic energy and can generate electricity by using turbines installed deep in the ocean. One of the problems that these currents have is that they change over time and therefore the power generation of energy converters of Kuroshio currents also varies. Therefore, the effect of these changes on different aspects of these converters such as reliability should be investigated. Materials and Methods: In the reliability model of the current converter, both the component failure and output power variations, which are caused by the change in the speed of ocean currents are considered. Results and Discussion: In this part, a Kuroshio Current energy converter that includes a turbine with a diameter of 2 meters is considered. In this part, the reliability indices of a sample test system are obtained, and then the effect of Kuroshio Current power plants on these indices is evaluated. The results show that as the peak load of the system increases, the reliability of the system deteriorates. Conclusion: In this paper, the reliability model of Kuroshio Current converters is obtained. Numerical results conclude that the Kuroshio Current converters can improve reliability indices of power system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The impact of CEO Characteristics and Audit Market Competition on Disclosure Quality and Financial Comparability
Samaneh Edalati ShakibObjective: Nowadays, considering the competitive environment and changing business conditions, the most important issue for companies is their credibility and level of acceptance. One of the important tools to show this is the ranking of companies. In fact, the company' MoreObjective: Nowadays, considering the competitive environment and changing business conditions, the most important issue for companies is their credibility and level of acceptance. One of the important tools to show this is the ranking of companies. In fact, the company's ranking can be a sign of its creditworthiness. Regarding this, most countries have ranked companies listed on their stock exchanges. The study examines whether the CEO’s characteristics are associated with financial information's disclosure quality and comparability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Optimal Design of Circular Concrete Water Tanks by MCMC Subset Simulation Method
Mohammad Aghaee Yasin Aghaee-ShalmaniToday, one of the favorite subjects of structural engineering researchers is the methods based on the optimization of structures called RBDO, or the optimization based on the reliability of structures. In this field, optimization problems are designed and optimized acco MoreToday, one of the favorite subjects of structural engineering researchers is the methods based on the optimization of structures called RBDO, or the optimization based on the reliability of structures. In this field, optimization problems are designed and optimized according to probabilistic constraints. In the current research, the problem of optimizing the circular water tank has been optimally designed. The target function in this research is the cost of building a reinforced concrete tank, and its possible limitations include resistance and serviceability limitations such as the ratio of demand to capacity, the amount of crack width, and deformations of the structure. Designing resistance and serviceability criteria is Regulation 123 of the country's management and planning organization. Finally, to show the efficiency and proper performance of the MCMC simulation and optimization method used in this research to solve the problem of tank design, a water tank with a volume of 113 m³ has been investigated. Also, the modeling of this reservoir has been done in SAP2000 software and computer programming by MCMC method in MATLAB software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - designing the Model of Future Organizations High Reliability (Case Study Banking Industry)
loghman rahmanpour gholamreza memarzadeh tehran mehdi alvani naser hamidiThe banking industry has a special role in the dynamics of the economy. Given the challenges and uncertainties in the business environment, the use of imagery to improve management in this sector has been prominent. Therefore, the industry, utilizing the future research MoreThe banking industry has a special role in the dynamics of the economy. Given the challenges and uncertainties in the business environment, the use of imagery to improve management in this sector has been prominent. Therefore, the industry, utilizing the future research, always needs to change its systems and processes to achieve a higher level of confidence. The present study aims to identify the dimensions and organizational components affecting high reliability banks as the face of future organizations in the industry. Banking has been done The statistical population of this research was banking and academic experts familiar with organizational issues and banking industry management in order to identify these factors influencing the fuzzy Delphi method and ultimately, the identified factors were weighed and prioritized through the network analysis process based on the fuzzy DMF method. The results showed that the factors of "rapid reaction to banking standards" on "compliance", "operational sensitivity", "failure concern", "resilience" and "perceived risk", respectively, were in a reliable bank High are effective. The "perceived risk" factor and the "timely response to customers" factors were identified as the top priority in a high reliability bank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Using the Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Reporting for Evaluating Earning Quality
هاشم Nikoomaram A. Modaress M. R. ShoorvarzyAbstractIn this study, the qualitative characteristics of financial reporting were used for evaluating earningquality. We examined 91 firms accepted in Tehran stock Exchange 1999-2007 periods. Accordingconceptual frame works in Iran, the primary determinants of accounti MoreAbstractIn this study, the qualitative characteristics of financial reporting were used for evaluating earningquality. We examined 91 firms accepted in Tehran stock Exchange 1999-2007 periods. Accordingconceptual frame works in Iran, the primary determinants of accounting information quality arerelevance and reliability, and these two dimensions make accounting information useful decisionmaking. In this study we develop a measure of earning quality that encompasses various componentsof both dimensions of earnings quality, reliability and relevance.Then, the firms with factor analysis, was classified, and firms with high and low earning quality wassegregated. Finally, ohlson’s price- earning regression for test hypotheses was applied.The results show that earning response coefficient and explanatory power of earnings are notsignificantly higher in portfolios of firms with high quality earnings compared to firms with lowquality earnings. The result shows that users, in general, prefer the reliability to the relevancedimension. Finally we show that the earnings quality does not reflect decision usefulness to users. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Customer perceptions of e-service quality in online shopping
Housein Vazifehdust Donya eskandarniaObjectiveInfluence dimensions of service quality in online stores(website design, reliability,trust, personalization, responsiveness) on the overall service quality, customer satisfaction andcustomer's perception which lead to purchase intentions,was reviewed.Methodolog MoreObjectiveInfluence dimensions of service quality in online stores(website design, reliability,trust, personalization, responsiveness) on the overall service quality, customer satisfaction andcustomer's perception which lead to purchase intentions,was reviewed.Methodology descriptive (type of survey) study, society is people who have experiencedonline shopping. Sampling method was simple random sample, and sample volume was 385person. Data collection tool was a questionnaire, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Lisrelsoftware is used For analyzing.Research results website design and Personalization in online store, have not influence onpurchase intention. Trust, reliability, and responsiveness in an online store positively influencespurchase intentions.Research Limitations non- cooperation some online shops for insert questionnaire in theirstores, and Notcommonly online shopping among people.Managerial Implications Managersof online stores to set up an online shop mostly focused toput customer's confidence. Recommended to administrators of online stores is more attentiononthesecurity oftheir ownsaleswebsite.Originality/Value All stages of the research on the web and have been done online form. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Earning persistence in Tehran Stock Exchange Listed Companies with Underscoring on Accrual Reliability
Z. Pourzamani A. Jahanshad M. kashaniIn this paper, relationship between earning persistence and accrual Reliability is studied. Atfirst a comprehensive balance sheet categorization of accruals is presented and then eachcategory according to the reliability of the underlying accruals is classified.The stat MoreIn this paper, relationship between earning persistence and accrual Reliability is studied. Atfirst a comprehensive balance sheet categorization of accruals is presented and then eachcategory according to the reliability of the underlying accruals is classified.The statistical population of this paper includes all the accepted companies in Tehran stockexchange and statistical sample contains 70 companies that have been chosen by stratifiedrandom sampling among statistical population, a period from 2002-2008. This paper includes 4hypotheses. To examine the hypothesis, panel analysis has been used. The results indicate thatless reliable categories of accruals lead to lower earning persistence and those investors do notfully anticipate the lower earning persistence, leading to significant security mispricing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Reliability Modeling applying Fuzzy Logic
M.B .AryaNejad عباس ToloeiUtilizing the fuzzy logic has already been put into practice in the operational process of the machines . Since the function of these machines depends MoreUtilizing the fuzzy logic has already been put into practice in the operational process of the machines . Since the function of these machines depends on their failure condition , utilizing the fuzzy logic in reliability engineering of machines ant their operations is also unexpected . Since now , the investigations have been done according to the fitnees of different reliability functions on the basis of binary logic , and the machines were considered either completely active or completely out of order . But the mal functional conditions between these two conditions have not been significant , although these conditions especially in mechanical machines are inevitable . This paper with a simple attitude towards thd fuzzy logic , uses it in estimating the related reliability functions and has also introduced concepts of accuracy , the belief of probability and the truth of the reliability greater in these conditions . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Reliability and Availability Improvement in Economic Data Grid Environment Based On Clustering Approach
Ali Abbasi Amir Masoud Rahmani Esmaeil Zeinali Khasraghi -
Open Access Article
10 - The role of mass media in improving awareness of civil liability sports
MohammadHossein Mirsoleymani Edris Ghaderpour Masoud Naderian Saeed YariThe main purpose of the present Article is to investigate the role of mass media in improving the awareness of civil liability in sport.The Article in terms of purpose is applied and according to the method of data collection is descriptive-analytic and correlation type MoreThe main purpose of the present Article is to investigate the role of mass media in improving the awareness of civil liability in sport.The Article in terms of purpose is applied and according to the method of data collection is descriptive-analytic and correlation type.The statistical population includes Headquarters of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, officials of the NationalOlympicCommittee and heads of sports federations(90),as well as a number of professors in the field of sports law(15), and Sampling method was also the whole number.And87people participated in this study.The Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was designed with emphasis on the opinions of managers and legal and media experts.The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by7Specialists and the reliability of the questionnaire was0.81using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmed.The data analysis method was also performed using the structural equation model in PLS software, and Friedman test was used to rank the most important media.The results show that the impact of mass media such as audio,visual, print and Internet on the promotion of awareness of the Civil Liability of athletes, coaches, managers, judges and audiences has a positive and significant effect, and these four media can make up75% of the changes in awareness to provide Civil Liability sports. In addition, the results of the ranking also showed that Internet media (websites and social networks) then the media (TV), print media (newspapers, books, etc.) And audio media (radio) were the most important in promoting awareness of Civil Liability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Using two Reliability Estimators in a Stress-Strength System
Kazem Fayyaz Heidari Einolah Deiri Ezzatallah baloui JamkhanehIn this paper, we propose an estimate of reliability in a multicomponent stress-strength system. The reliability of such a system is obtained when strength and stress variables are given by Gompertz distribution with common scale parameter λ and different shape p MoreIn this paper, we propose an estimate of reliability in a multicomponent stress-strength system. The reliability of such a system is obtained when strength and stress variables are given by Gompertz distribution with common scale parameter λ and different shape parameters α and . The system reliability is estimated using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and the best observational percentile estimation (BPE) methods in samples drawn from strength and stress distributions. Also, the asymptotic confidence interval for system reliability is obtained. The reliability estimators obtained from both methods are compared using mean squares error criteria and confidence interval length via Monte Carlo simulation. In the end, using two real data sets we illustrate the procedure. Before analyzing the data, we first show that the Gompertz distribution is fitted to this data sets using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test statistic. In general, the simulation results show that due to the increase in sample size, the average mean, mean squares error and length of confidence interval in the maximum likelihood method is decreasing compared to the best percentile estimator method. This indicates that the maximum likelihood method is more efficient. Also, in this paper, it was shown that the one out of three component system reliability is more than the one out of two component system reliability for both methods of estimation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Multicast Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Distributed Reinforcement Learning Approach
M. S. Kordafshari A. Movaghar M.R. meybodiWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are consist of independent distributed sensors with storing, processing, sensing and communication capabilities to monitor physical or environmental conditions. There are number of challenges in WSNs because of limitation of battery power MoreWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are consist of independent distributed sensors with storing, processing, sensing and communication capabilities to monitor physical or environmental conditions. There are number of challenges in WSNs because of limitation of battery power, communications, computation and storage space. In the recent years, computational intelligence approaches such as evolutionary algorithms and swarm intelligence are applied successfully to solve many problems in WSNs. Most important of these problems are data aggregation, energy-aware routing, duty cycle scheduling, security and localization. These problem are in form of distributed so distributed approaches are required to solve them. Reinforcement learning is one of the most widely used and most effective methods of computational intelligence. In this paper, we used the reinforcement learning to solve multicast Quality of Service (QoS) routing. The simulation results showed that reinforcement learning is a suitable approach to solve this problem. The algorithm is implemented easy, it has the great flexibility in topology changes and it leads to optimized results. Distributed reinforcement learning provides compatibility mechanisms that show the intelligence behavior in complicate and dynamic environment such as WSNs. Using reinforcement learning, sensors behave autonomously, independently and flexibly during topology and scenario changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - A DEA approach for investigating the effect of computerized maintenance management system on staff productivity: A case Study
M. Soltani A. Hadi-VenchehAccording to the growing trend of IT-based systems, implementation of computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) in Iran’s power industry can dramatically help in optimized management of maintenance activities, and thereby, reducing equipment failures, incr MoreAccording to the growing trend of IT-based systems, implementation of computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) in Iran’s power industry can dramatically help in optimized management of maintenance activities, and thereby, reducing equipment failures, increasing reliability, increasing product stability and, above all, increasing efficiency and productivity of the employees of this industry. The aim of this article was to examine the impact of computerizing the maintenance and repair process on efficiency of the staff of Isfahan south power plant, measure the efficiency of staff, identification of efficient and inefficient staff, rating of efficient staff, and finally, to investigate and compare the effect of factors influencing their efficiency to increase the organization productivity with job satisfaction approach. To do this, after identifying factors contributing to job satisfaction of employees through questionnaires distributed among 40 employees associated with CMMS, a DEA including four job satisfaction inputs and outputs was defined. With solving the model by CCR method, the efficient and inefficient employees were determined. The results of sensitivity analysis on model inputs determined the effect of each input on the output in accordance with the following ranking:1. Workplace safety and ergonomics2. Computerizing maintenance management system (CMMS)3. Training4. Job natureThe results indicated that the CMMS has the second ranking among other influential factors. Finally, the efficient personnel were ranked by Anderson Peterson method Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A New multi attribute Decision making Reliability Centered Maintenance in Power Transmission Systems
M. Asghari Gharakheili M. Fotuhi-FiruzabadThe present context of the electric industry, characterized by competitive markets, privatization, and regulatory of technical requirements forces the power utilities to optimize their asset management practices and develop the requisite decision plans techno-economical MoreThe present context of the electric industry, characterized by competitive markets, privatization, and regulatory of technical requirements forces the power utilities to optimize their asset management practices and develop the requisite decision plans techno-economically. Practically approaching, this paper devises a new support tool based on a multiattribute decision making (MADM) framework in combination with analytical hierarchical process (AHP) to determine the most critical components of power transmission systems. Measure of system-wide reliability performance, outage cost, Locational marginal prices demonstrative of market fairness, and network losses are among the attributes considered in this paper for component criticality assessment. With the frequent existence of qualitative and quantitative attributes, the proposed approach can effectively help to deal with the existent uncertainty and conventional judgment vagueness. As verified in a case study on the IEEE Reliability Test System (IEEE-RTS), the proposed framework introduces its applicability and efficiency for the practical asset management optimizations in electric utilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - A New Continuous Multi-State Reliability Model with Time Dependent Component Performance Rate
M.r. Shahriari M. Sharifi S. Naser KhakiA CSS1†is a system with the continues-state components. When a component has the ability to obtain all the situations from completely working to completely failed, it named continues-state component. In the real world, performance rate of elements are continuous MoreA CSS1†is a system with the continues-state components. When a component has the ability to obtain all the situations from completely working to completely failed, it named continues-state component. In the real world, performance rate of elements are continuous and decrease by time. Continuity of components causes infinite working states and grows up the system states. In this paper we propose a new method for series-parallel continues-state RAP2‡using UGF3§for multi-state systems. In this method at first we consider a binary CFR4**system. Using Weibull distribution function for the performance rate of working state, this system upgraded to a CSC. Then the UGF for a series-parallel system has been studied and a numerical example presented to illustrate the reliability and availability computation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The effect of non-commitment condition on banks' exemption in documentary documents
mohammad reza bagheri jafar jamali ali zareAbstract:Given the importance and application of this condition in banking contracts and its impact on the realization of liability or exemption of banks, it is necessary to study the concept, effects and scope and the possibility or impossibility of invoking this condi MoreAbstract:Given the importance and application of this condition in banking contracts and its impact on the realization of liability or exemption of banks, it is necessary to study the concept, effects and scope and the possibility or impossibility of invoking this condition. The question is, is such a binding condition known due to the bank's trust? How to combine it with the security duties and inherent commitment of banks to the customer's interest is also an ambiguity about which no comprehensive and independent research has been done, and at the same time, the answer is effective in fulfilling the responsibility or exemption of banks and customer rights. The ambiguity of this condition and its imposition can be criticized and pave the way for numerous lawsuits.The research method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of data collection, it is library.Considering the basis of civil liability of banks, in any case where the mentioned condition is in conflict with the trustworthiness and inherent obligation of the banks to review the documents and pay the credit, there should be no hesitation in not paying attention to this condition and deviating from it. It can be a document for breach or non-observance of the obligation to the bank and exemption from liability.Keywords: Letter of credit, non-liability condition, imposed conditions, serious fault, banks' exemption from liability Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Limits of the effect of the liability condition on the tenant without fault
Hosen valipoori seyed ebrahim mosavi hengameh ghazanfari jamshid mirzaeiAs a general rule, the tenant is not liable for any loss or defect in the lease unless there is a breach. Rented? Explaining the situation of such a condition, considering the importance and application of this contract in custom and trust, is considered a lease contrac MoreAs a general rule, the tenant is not liable for any loss or defect in the lease unless there is a breach. Rented? Explaining the situation of such a condition, considering the importance and application of this contract in custom and trust, is considered a lease contract in social relations is very necessary and essential. Some have considered the mentioned condition invalid and invalid due to its opposition to the requirements of the nature of the lease contract, and some have considered it invalid but invalid due to their opposition to the Shari'a and legal norms. It seems that the main essence of the lease agreement is the possession of the leased interest, however, being a guarantor of the tenant is not against the requirements of the lease. However, since the lease agreement is considered as an explicit provision of Articles 493 and 614 of the Civil Code, its validity may be questioned due to the imbalance between the rights and obligations of the parties under the said condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Legal analysis of the responsibility of cryptocurrency miners and exchanges
asghar khajavi Syed Morteza Ghasem Zadeh Kourosh jafarpourToday, the use of blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies in commercial transactions has raised many legal challenges, and in our country, despite the fact that the mining of cryptocurrencies is permitted by the approval of the Cabinet of Ministers, with the permissi MoreToday, the use of blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies in commercial transactions has raised many legal challenges, and in our country, despite the fact that the mining of cryptocurrencies is permitted by the approval of the Cabinet of Ministers, with the permission of the relevant authorities, an explicit position regarding cryptocurrencies has not yet been taken. Therefore, it seems necessary to identify the contacts and contracts of cryptocurrencies and subsequently formulate appropriate laws. Unlike tax laws, where the obligations and responsibilities of a person who receives cryptocurrencies or profits from transactions with cryptocurrencies are covered by specific laws in many states, in the discussion of civil liability in the field of cryptocurrency relations, there are many contradictions, ambiguities and confusions due to the newness of this The phenomenon is observed.According to the investigation of the nature of smart contracts, cloud mining contracts and the analysis of numerous consumer agreements provided by service providers in the space of cryptocurrencies, the results of this research show that the default rules regarding contractual responsibility in contractual relationships are appropriate and unique in nature. And the complexity of cryptocurrencies whose contract is discussed should not be important for the applicability of civil laws regarding validity, binding and liability issues in cases of violations. In the field of consumer protection, data privacy protection and investor protection law, favorable laws should be enacted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Compensation of Environmental Damages in the View of Civil Law
Flora Heidari Naser GhasemiThat men need to enjoy the environment health and appropriate and desirable environmental scope in all respects so as to maintain their lives has been long construed by national, transnational and international rules and regulations as one of the undeniable and indisput MoreThat men need to enjoy the environment health and appropriate and desirable environmental scope in all respects so as to maintain their lives has been long construed by national, transnational and international rules and regulations as one of the undeniable and indisputable social and life rights. Civil law is one of the criteria, which underline the necessity of responsibility of conservation of the environment. If men look for the healthy environment, they should then look for techniques that guarantee prevention and Compensation of damages to the environment that undoubtedly, the enjoyment of legal techniques, in general, and the exertion of civil liability, in particular, should be underlined. The acceptance of the civil liability arising from the damages caused to the environment and its various aspects and components as well as the obligation of the perpetrators of such damages to compensate them are deemed as one of the effective legal and supportive actions for this common legacy of the humanity. And with the damage elements being realized, one may demand the compensation of the damages to the environment of their perpetrators through a civil action in addition to the existence of criminal liability. And finally, with this liability and its obligations being accepted, future damages to the environment may be remarkably prevented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The effects of the breach of the domestic and international road transportation s contract of goods by carrier.
علی GharibehAccording to commercial code and CMR convention, the domestic and internationalcarrier of goods by road is liable for making any destruction, loss or defect of goodsand damages because of delay in carrying goods to the named destination. However,they are silent concerni MoreAccording to commercial code and CMR convention, the domestic and internationalcarrier of goods by road is liable for making any destruction, loss or defect of goodsand damages because of delay in carrying goods to the named destination. However,they are silent concerning the liability of the carrier if he refuses carrying the goodsor delivering them .Considering the general principls of law governing contracts, itseems that the carriers may be also liable when they refuse to carry or deliver thegoods. The legal effects of the carrier,s liability are not the same in all circumstancesand a distinction should be made for various types of liability. In case of loss, waste,defect and delay in delivery,the carrier has the responsibility of paying the price ascompensation and in relation to refusal of carrying or not delivering the goods,thecarrier will be bound to do so as it is a binding contract. Nevertheless, in some casesthe carrier does not have liability regarding the consequences. When the carrier mayenjoy the right of revocation of carriage contract and he/she, by application of thisright, refuses carrying the goods, the carrier can not be bound to perform theobligation as his own responsibility. This is also true in case of no responsibilityclause, the existence of defect in the goods ,hazards resulting from the nature ofgoods interference by a third party,s action, the error of the transmitter of goods,damage due to erroneous instruction of the sender or receiver of the goods andoccurrence of force majeures where the carrier is not bound to pay compensation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Inflation Risk Management in Project Finance Investments
Zahra Amirhosseini Bahman GholiporProject finance investments are a key backbone for a wide range of sustainable and bankable new infrastructures; being long term investments, they are highly exposed to inflation risk, which in Public Private Partners hips is mostly borne by the private counterpart and MoreProject finance investments are a key backbone for a wide range of sustainable and bankable new infrastructures; being long term investments, they are highly exposed to inflation risk, which in Public Private Partners hips is mostly borne by the private counterpart and its backing lenders. Prompt monitoring and resilient contractual designed as inflation risk detection, man Project finance investments are a key backbone for a wide range of sustainable and bankable new infrastructures; being long term investments, they are highly exposed to inflation risk, which in Public Private Partners hips is mostly borne by the private counterpart and its backing lenders Prompt monitoring and resilient contractual designed as inflation risk detection, management and mitigation, together with proper and flexible financial modelling, alleviating its potentially is erupting impact, especially if unpredictable or chronically enduring. Inflation risk periodically emerges as an extreme-albeit hardly perceived-event, to which infrastructural investments especially in developing countries are particularly vulnerable, creating disrupting agency costs among different take holders. An increasingly wide target audience of both practitioners and academics is interested in the precocious detection, assessment and management of this relevant interdisciplinary problem, so as to find resilient solutions able to mitigate its potentially devastating systemic repercussion segment and mitigation, together with proper and flexible financial modelling, alleviating its potentially disrupting impact, especially if unpredictable or chronically enduring. Inflation risk periodically emerges as an extreme hardly perceived-event, to which infrastructural investments especially in developing countries are particularly vulnerable, creating disrupting agency costs among different take holders. An increasingly wide target audience of both practitioners and academics is interested in the precocious detection, assessment and management of this relevant interdisciplinary problem, so as to find resilient solutions able to mitigate its potentially devastating systemic repercussions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Nature of Banks' Civil Liability in Skimming According to Jurisprudence
mohammadreza namjouyan seyedmohammadreza emamIn today's world, payments are mostly made through electronic transactions. In these exchanges, it sometimes happens that the funds do not reach the destination, or unauthorized withdrawals are made from the customers' accounts through abuse of card readers. One of the MoreIn today's world, payments are mostly made through electronic transactions. In these exchanges, it sometimes happens that the funds do not reach the destination, or unauthorized withdrawals are made from the customers' accounts through abuse of card readers. One of the issues considered in electronic banking is the growing phenomenon of cyber-attacks in cyberspace. What is certain is that building a secure network and protecting Information Technology infrastructure requires a nationwide effort. Considering the harms caused by such attacks, it is vital to be familiar with the concept of cyber-attacks and the resulting civil liabilities, and the related solutions, levels and tools involved. Banks and credit institutions, if at fault, are liable for damages incurred by the party involved (cardholder). This liability arises from the implicit obligation of the bank in such cases, and in cases resulting from negligence. Thus, the bank is obligated to compensate the customer for the losses and damages, and the burden of proof lies with the bank. In this article, while explaining the subject and specialized terminology, the nature of civil liability of banks based on jurisprudential guidelines has been dealt with. Considering the relationship between this business and professional practice it has been suggested that the legislature defines the limits of the bank's liability and the guarantee of its implementation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Impact of Teachers' Training on the Reliability of Tests and Assessments in Governmental and Non-governmental Sections
Heydar Nosratzadeh -
Open Access Article
24 - Determinants of Job Satisfaction among Government and Private Bank Employees in Sri Lanka (Case Study: Ampara Region)
A. Jahufer -
Open Access Article
25 - Surveying Factors Influencing Customers Loyalty in Private Banks Based on Fast Response Organization`s Model
A. Zamani Moghaddam K. LahijiIn this study, affecting factors on customer loyalty of Parsian Bank and EN Bank based organizations respond to rapid scale model based on service quality, reliability, speed of service, flexibility, innovation and also studied image and their influence on customers loy MoreIn this study, affecting factors on customer loyalty of Parsian Bank and EN Bank based organizations respond to rapid scale model based on service quality, reliability, speed of service, flexibility, innovation and also studied image and their influence on customers loyalty of these Banks in the six hypotheses analyzed and the level of customer loyalty was investigated. Population research, customers of the Bank Persians and EN Bank in Tehran based on sample stage cluster random is number of 270 customers of each bank. Based on data analysis of this research, all factors considered in the on customer loyalty of Parsian Bank and EN Bank was effective and factors of service quality, reliability, speed of service, flexibility, innovation and also studied image were the highest effect on customer loyalty. Also based on this study of samples studied, the reliability of service and image with customers in the Parsian Bank is than better of EN Bank, in other aspects these banks are almost similar conditions. According to research, though private banks in terms of service quality, reliability, speed of service are in good condition and largely have been successful to create the appropriate image in the mind of own customers, but the factors of flexibility and innovation are so important characteristics of organizations to respond quickly, in terms of their customers than other factors are at lower level. Therefore, more attention to use the innovation and flexibility in providing services, it seems necessary to reinforce the strengths and eliminate weaknesses of Private Bank based on these questionnaires; in this study recommendations are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Evaluating the Service Quality of Police + 10 Offices Using SERVQUAL
Sh. Nayebzadeh M. M. Fatahi ZarchThe purpose of this paper is to assess the quality of services delivered in “Police+10 offices” through the application of the SERVQUAL approach, which is an instrument for measuring service quality and identifying and analyzing the existing g MoreThe purpose of this paper is to assess the quality of services delivered in “Police+10 offices” through the application of the SERVQUAL approach, which is an instrument for measuring service quality and identifying and analyzing the existing gaps between the expectations and perceptions of those who receive these services. In this paper, we examine the extent of existing gaps between the expectations and the services perceived by the customers of “Police +10 offices” in each of the five service quality dimensions, and then ranking these service quality dimensions on the basis of their relative importance from the customers’ viewpoints. The present research method is applied in its goals and objectives, and is descriptive with regard to the type and nature of the issue, goals, and research questions. We used a surveying method to gather information. All customers of the “Police +10” offices in Tehran form the statistical population of this investigation. Of this population, a statistical sample of 283 people was selected; they were given a standard questionnaire, which is referable in international studies, and the data collected by statistical methods were used for testing the research assumptions. The results of this investigation showed that there are gaps in the customers’ expectations of services and services delivered to them by the “police +10 offices” in all five service quality dimensions. As to the relative importance of each of these dimensions, assurance was the most important dimension, followed in order by reliability, responsibility, and empathy. Tangibles were the least important dimension. Moreover, the largest gap between expectations and perceptions was in tangible dimension, and the smallest gap between these areas was associated to the reliability dimension. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Jurisprudential and legal review of public damages
مطلبی گلعذانی Motalebi GalgezaniIn cases where in a complex with multiple stakeholders, heavy damage occurs in the occurrence of honor and by causing less damage, heavy damage can be prevented, the compensation of this damage is less on all stakeholders, which is called joint damage. In this research, MoreIn cases where in a complex with multiple stakeholders, heavy damage occurs in the occurrence of honor and by causing less damage, heavy damage can be prevented, the compensation of this damage is less on all stakeholders, which is called joint damage. In this research, the jurisprudential and legal nature of this type of lawsuit has been studied. This study was conducted to investigate the jurisprudential and legal nature of preventive claims. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method with the tool of collecting filing materials. In our country, this type of damage is mentioned only in maritime law and is not explicitly mentioned in other similar matters. In Western countries, especially in the French legal system, the principle of joint damages is recognized. Jurisprudential principles based on the rule of no harm and repulsion of corruption, have accepted this rule and all stakeholders share in the compensation according to the extent of their interests. In the current silence of the law, there is a need to recognize this type of damage in all civil matters under Article 167 of the Constitution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Civil and Criminal Liability of Judges in Violation of Privacy in Iranian and Canadian Law
Ali Rafiei Bakhtiar Abbaslou (corresponding author) Isa AminiToday, the arbitration system in commercial affairs, along with the judicial system, is known as the authority for handling claims in most legal systems. Countries have different approaches regarding responsibility. In some countries, judges are not responsible for comp MoreToday, the arbitration system in commercial affairs, along with the judicial system, is known as the authority for handling claims in most legal systems. Countries have different approaches regarding responsibility. In some countries, judges are not responsible for compensating the damages caused to the parties in an absolute or limited manner. In Iranian law, judges under certain conditions according to Article 171 of the Constitution, if they cause harm to the litigants during the proceedings and the source of the harm is the judge's mistake or negligence, they will not be responsible for compensating the damages. It is obvious that if the cause of the loss is intentional fault combined with the intention or knowledge and awareness of the judge in the loss, the civil liability will be imposed on him without a doubt. All legal systems have confirmed the existence of the contract and the judicial duty of the judge. Failure to perform the duty of arbitration can result in disciplinary, criminal and civil liability, but the legal systems of the world do not agree on the principle of the civil liability of the arbitrator. In the Canadian legal system, a judge enjoys the principle of immunity from civil prosecution in the performance of arbitration duties, just like a government judge, unless he has bad faith or leaves the arbitration without permission. Arbitrations based in Canada are governed primarily by provincial and not federal law. Every Canadian province, except Quebec, has passed legislation to ratify the UNCITRAL Model Law. Additionally, each province has its own laws to regulate domestic trade. In this research, the laws supporting information privacy in Iran and Canada have been compared in a comparative manner, and solutions have been proposed to reduce Iran's gap with global standards in this arena. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Principles and Evolutions of Twelver Shia Jurisprudence about Urgency
Rasoul Jalali Rahmat Farahzadi (corresponding author) Abdoreza FarhadianUrgency is one of the secondary titles in Shia jurisprudence, because of which the primary ruling is removed, and urgency is sometimes in action and sometimes in abandonment. In other words, urgency refers to being forced to do an act voluntarily with lack of heart sati MoreUrgency is one of the secondary titles in Shia jurisprudence, because of which the primary ruling is removed, and urgency is sometimes in action and sometimes in abandonment. In other words, urgency refers to being forced to do an act voluntarily with lack of heart satisfaction or complete deprivation of free will. Urgency is the fear of unbearable loss in relation to an act or abandonment. Urgency is a state in which, despite the fact that there is no threat from the outside, a pressure from inside forces him to do something that he is not completely willing to. That is, although he has the will to do it, but this will is not accompanied by inner satisfaction. A person who is forced to sell his house to treat his child is an example of urgency. In this case, he does it against his inner desire and in an emergency, but with will and intention. The jurists have discussed the issue mainly in the book It’amhu va Ishrabhu. The roots of urgency are reluctance, Taghiya, loss and necessity. In this article, we will examine the views of the jurists and the developments of this issue from the past until now using descriptive-analytical methods. The goal is to identify the reasoned and justified point of view among jurists. The result of the article shows the superiority of Ayatollah Khoi's point of view compared to other jurists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Contemplation on the ratio between the obligation to provide the information and no warning
Reyhaneh Hassanpour Asadullah Lotfi Marzieh PilevarThe need for today's society and the need for consumers to be informed of the basic commodity information have led the lawyers to propose a "commitment to provide information in the contract" theory. Based on this theory, the party that is aware of the contract is oblig MoreThe need for today's society and the need for consumers to be informed of the basic commodity information have led the lawyers to propose a "commitment to provide information in the contract" theory. Based on this theory, the party that is aware of the contract is obligated to provide the uninformed party with information about the subject of the contract. Certainly, part of this information is dedicated to the dangers and disadvantages of the correct and incorrect use of the goods; therefore, silence can give rise to the responsibility of the supplier or the manufacturer of the goods, and the provision of information can be taken away as a liability. This concept is akin to the abundance of altruism, since under this rule, any warning and inerrancy results in the elimination of responsibility. Therefore, the main question of the present research can be summarized as follows: the ways of sharing and differentiating the underlying principle and the obligation to provide information. We arrive at the results that there is a general and absolute relation between the inertia and the obligation to provide information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Investigating the criminal responsibilities of carriers of infectious diseases due to negligence from the perspective of Imami jurisprudence with an emphasis on the corona virus
Zaman Sandoghdar Reza Abbaspour (corresponding author) Seyed Mohsen RazmiSometimes the disease rises above the individual level and spreads. This epidemic may be irregular and irregular in terms of time (Sporadic) or in a small area such as a city or village (Outbreak), and sometimes its spread extends beyond a region or country (Epidemics) MoreSometimes the disease rises above the individual level and spreads. This epidemic may be irregular and irregular in terms of time (Sporadic) or in a small area such as a city or village (Outbreak), and sometimes its spread extends beyond a region or country (Epidemics) and sometimes the level of its spread becomes global (Pandemic). )). Facing each of these cases requires different health arrangements and requires different legal rules and planning. Dealing with the disease in the national arena requires a model consisting of coordinated, targeted and legitimate measures. This model is formed in paradigmatic structures based on many philosophical, legal and ethical principles and is designed according to the social structure of each society. What is needed to design the model is the explanation of basic rights and values that must be supported, and the other is the explanation of the goal and purpose in carrying out activities and programs and designing processes. All this is in an inherently variable state; Therefore, from the moral and legal point of view, the question is, which human rights has been threatened and endangered by the disease with the characteristics of Covid-19, and what is the justified set of behavior considering the contagiousness and the spread that has occurred or is occurring? It should be done in return to achieve the goals of control and health provision. According to the rule, for such a model, various goals may be considered for the patient and the disease, and accordingly, various behaviors can be envisioned to achieve these goals. Moral and legal norms will determine the limits of behavior. As a result, it may be effective to implement a program or behavior in the face of illness, but it is not justified in legal and moral terms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - A Comparative Study of the Liability for the Profits Derived from Usurped Property in the Islamic Law
Akbar AhmadiThe issue of the liability of the usurper in respect of the profits derived from ‎the usurped property has long been a bone of contention among Muslim jurists. Differences of opinion among the Islamic jurists, and the variety and ‎insufficiency of the previous a MoreThe issue of the liability of the usurper in respect of the profits derived from ‎the usurped property has long been a bone of contention among Muslim jurists. Differences of opinion among the Islamic jurists, and the variety and ‎insufficiency of the previous arguments are the reasons for ‎writing this article. On this issue, Abu Hanifa and his early followers believe that the usurper is by no means liable for the profits derived from the usurped property. ‎Malik b. Anas also believes that the usurper shall not be liable in the case of not using. The Shafi'iyya, the Shi'a and the Hanbali, however, believe that the usurper shall be ‎liable whether or not he derives benefit from the property. ‎The inaccuracy of applying usurpation to profits, the opinion that profits are not capable of being owned (property), the tradition of Al-kharaj bial-ziman (profits against ‎liability), and deductive analogy ‎(qiyas) form the basis of the arguments posed by the jurists who believe in the non-liability of the ‎usurper.‎ On the other hand, assessment of profits, profits being customarily considered as capable of being owned (property), the rule of the sanctity of Muslim property, the permission to similar transgression, accuracy of applying usurpation to profits, the conduct of the wise and the ‎liability for the forfeiture resulting therefrom, the rule of “no harm” (la zarar) in addition to ‎authentic traditions and consensus among the jurists are the most important arguments by the jurists who believe in the liability of the usurper for the profits derived from the usurped property provided that profits are capable of being bartered in a rent contract. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Electronic Contracts in Islamic Jurisprudence and Law in Iran
Kamran Khani Naser MarivaniWith establishment speed of computer systems, people in modern society are increasingly dependent on hardware and software systems. And when the demand for computer systems increased, the possibility of crisis and failure of the computer will increase. Thus, the reliabi MoreWith establishment speed of computer systems, people in modern society are increasingly dependent on hardware and software systems. And when the demand for computer systems increased, the possibility of crisis and failure of the computer will increase. Thus, the reliability of computer systems has become a key concern for our life. According to The IEEE defines, software reliability is probability of failure-free software operation for a specified period of time in a specified environment. The problem is that currently most accurate method of software has error, and unfortunately still cannot completely prevent all errors. And software maintenance cost and elimination of errors is expensive, and even because of these reasons may be allowed error to remain in the system. This has reduced the reliability of the software. Previous solutions and procedures to enhance software assurance in various elimination forecasting and fault tolerance techniques has problems such as the complexity of formal methods (nominal) single version and version redundancy techniques, testing costs and the reuse of software code changes. The aim of this study is provide a method to increase software reliability and redundancy without the complexity of the software. In this study emphasize on the use of the capabilities inherent in the algorithm to reduce the complexity of software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - To Condition to the Result in Unnecessary Cosmetic (Fantasy) Surgeries
Ali Reza Mashhadizadeh Mansour AminiIssues related to physician's liabilityis as old as the science of law itself. This article has been written while considering abundant studies carried out on the principle of physician's liability with presuppositions like doctor's responsibility, the requirement to pr MoreIssues related to physician's liabilityis as old as the science of law itself. This article has been written while considering abundant studies carried out on the principle of physician's liability with presuppositions like doctor's responsibility, the requirement to prove the doctor's failure case of obtaining innocence, etc. which has turned into common statement and jurisprudence. The current study is trying to prove that the relation between doctor and patient is contractual in most cases. Even in unnecessary cosmetic (fantasy) surgeries, the doctor is obliged to the result; and in case of failing to obtain the [expected] result, the doctor is considered as the defiant of the contract and the guarantor of breaching the contract commitments. No reasons exempting physician's liability such eshesan principal cannot be enforced in this commercial relation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Constructing and Validating the Cultural Accounting Measurement Scale to Present a Local Model
Elham Mansourinia Khosro Faghani Makerani Ghorbanali AghaahmadyValidity and reliability are important issues in the field of testing concepts and research variables. "Cultural Accounting" is one of the concepts with many functions that considers the social and cultural interaction between individuals and domains in the accounting e MoreValidity and reliability are important issues in the field of testing concepts and research variables. "Cultural Accounting" is one of the concepts with many functions that considers the social and cultural interaction between individuals and domains in the accounting environment, and must be developed in a way to enable implementation and operationalization in field studies. The present study has been done through descriptive-survey method, aiming to construct and validate cultural accounting scale. In this regard, using expert opinion and content analysis, the reports of the board of directors of the companies were reviewed, and finally a researcher-made cultural accounting questionnaire was completed by the experts to obtain the required validity and reliability. After collecting data, the reliability index of the test was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0.866). The factor analysis of cultural accounting questions suggested that more than 63.516% of the variance is explained by the components of this questionnaire. After a turnaround of the Varimax type factors, the correlation between each question with each component was determined at the optimal state, and based on it, eleven components (the distance of power and authority, individualism versus collectivism, assurance or uncertainty, maleism versus feminism, long-term versus short-term viewpoint, communism versus specificism, analysis versus synthesis, concentrism versus eccentrism, time sequence versus temporal symmetry, acquired versus assigned status, equivalence versus hierarchy) were extracted and selected as components of cultural accounting.According to the research findings, this questionnaire (checklist) can be used to measure the level of cultural accounting in organizations and companies admitted to the stock exchange. Using this tool, one can create a more accurate and more logical accounting environment, and generally provide a scientific method of employment of this environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Constructing and Validating the Cultural Accounting Measurement Scale to Present a Local Model
Elham Mansourinia Khosro Faghani Makerani Ghorbanali AghaahmadyValidity and reliability are important issues in the field of testing concepts and research variables. "Cultural Accounting" is one of the concepts with many functions that considers the social and cultural interaction between individuals and domains in the accounting e MoreValidity and reliability are important issues in the field of testing concepts and research variables. "Cultural Accounting" is one of the concepts with many functions that considers the social and cultural interaction between individuals and domains in the accounting environment, and must be developed in a way to enable implementation and operationalization in field studies. The present study has been done through descriptive-survey method, aiming to construct and validate cultural accounting scale. In this regard, using expert opinion and content analysis, the reports of the board of directors of the companies were reviewed, and finally a researcher-made cultural accounting questionnaire was completed by the experts to obtain the required validity and reliability. After collecting data, the reliability index of the test was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0.866). The factor analysis of cultural accounting questions suggested that more than 63.516% of the variance is explained by the components of this questionnaire. After a turnaround of the Varimax type factors, the correlation between each question with each component was determined at the optimal state, and based on it, eleven components (the distance of power and authority, individualism versus collectivism, assurance or uncertainty, maleism versus feminism, long-term versus short-term viewpoint, communism versus specificism, analysis versus synthesis, concentrism versus eccentrism, time sequence versus temporal symmetry, acquired versus assigned status, equivalence versus hierarchy) were extracted and selected as components of cultural accounting.According to the research findings, this questionnaire (checklist) can be used to measure the level of cultural accounting in organizations and companies admitted to the stock exchange. Using this tool, one can create a more accurate and more logical accounting environment, and generally provide a scientific method of employment of this environment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Review of environmental factors on the adoption of new technology in the secondary school teachers in the education area, eight Tehran
کریم حمدی معصومه غفوریObjective: This study aimed to determine the environmental factors in the adoption of new technology in the education of secondary school teachers in Tehran was conducted in eight districts. Methods: In this study were used in the study. The population of this study, 2 MoreObjective: This study aimed to determine the environmental factors in the adoption of new technology in the education of secondary school teachers in Tehran was conducted in eight districts. Methods: In this study were used in the study. The population of this study, 20 patients were schoolteachers Tehran, boot strip using a sample selected And the necessary data using the TAM questionnaire Poald Rose (2004), Han (2004), cymbals and Patton (2002) Amoroso and Gardner (2004) obtained was collected and analyzed using PLS Smart Case were analyzed. Conclusion: The results showed that the adaptation of new technologies has not been effective. Effect on perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness, impact of trust on new technologies, the ease of use of new technologies have been more effective Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - International Responsibility of the Sponsoring State for Exploitation of the Area Resources in Light of the Requirements of International Environmental Law
Javad Salehi Hossein AlekajbafThe obligations of the Sponsoring State are subject to liability arising from the requirements of international environmental law. The obligations of the Sponsoring State in protecting the environment of the area are of an appropriate nature, assessment, precaution, pre MoreThe obligations of the Sponsoring State are subject to liability arising from the requirements of international environmental law. The obligations of the Sponsoring State in protecting the environment of the area are of an appropriate nature, assessment, precaution, prevention, control and compensation. However, if the Sponsoring State has taken all necessary and appropriate measures to the best of its ability to bind the sponsored contractor, it will not be liable for damages resulting from the contractor's activities. This situation means that the damages resulting from the contractor's activity to exploit the resources of the area are not compensated. However, the international community should not, in any case, suffer the damage caused by the contractor's activities to the marine environment. Undoubtedly, the inability of the Sponsoring State to control and oblige the contractor to fully comply with international standards in the exploration and extraction of marine resources should not be taken into account by the international community. It is imperative that the Sponsoring State be absolutely responsible for the damages caused by the contractor. If the damage is due to the fault of the contractor, the Sponsoring State shall compensate it and then deduct it from the contractor's bail. If the damage caused by the negligence of the Sponsoring State, it should compensate the same damage so that in any case the damage to the marine environment is not left unattended and the damage is not inflicted on the international community body. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Consolidating the role of private plaintiff in environmental lawsuits against the government
Rohallah Karimi Abbas Pahlavanzadeh hossein JalaliAlthough today we see the protection and protection of the environment is very important and a manifestation of legal protection for it, but environmental claims in our country have not yet found their separate place. The fifth principle of the constitution and other la MoreAlthough today we see the protection and protection of the environment is very important and a manifestation of legal protection for it, but environmental claims in our country have not yet found their separate place. The fifth principle of the constitution and other laws protecting the environment in the context of their own, but have not been crystallized with the operation of the legal system of liability and litigation support private approach. This research is adorned with up-to-date library resources and in the form of Descriptive-analytical notes and the role of the pen. In line with the present study, it is intended to discuss the claims of private individuals and therefore we want to explain the current situation of the position of private litigants in environmental lawsuits by answering the question "What is the power of private individuals to claim and sue in accordance with the legal framework?" With this description, in this study, by explaining the position of the private plaintiff, the compensation frameworks as well as the role of the competent authorities in resolving the dispute have been examined and the private stakeholder as a plaintiff can file a lawsuit against the government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Civil Liability Sanctions about Environmental Pollution in Iran and US Law
Babak Sadeghi alireza lotfi doudaran Mozaffar BashokouhThe legal confrontation with environmental pollution and the many and various losses resulting from it, which endangers human life in the present generation and future generations, requires appropriate and efficient legal enforcement guarantees. Civil Liability, as a br MoreThe legal confrontation with environmental pollution and the many and various losses resulting from it, which endangers human life in the present generation and future generations, requires appropriate and efficient legal enforcement guarantees. Civil Liability, as a branch of legal science, has provided valuable executive guarantees in this field, which has a preventive and compensatory role. The purpose of choosing the topic of this article is to introduce and review and complete the executive guarantees of civil liability caused by environmental pollution in Iran and US law. According to the studies conducted in this research, the executive guarantees of civil liability in US law are more complete than the legal executive guarantees of Iran, because punitive damages, joint and several liability and referendum have been accepted in US law. But even the executive guarantees of US law also have shortcomings that the authors have pointed out, and by theorizing and examining the issues of this area, the authors have created new executive guarantees, such as the cancellation of contracts that pollute the environment and the return of property. It has also presented the results obtained from the polluting activities in order to provide better means of compensation and prevention of the losses caused by environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Quality of Management Performance, Information Confidence and market Confidence
mohammad hashemikhah asgar pakmaram nader rezaei ahmad mohammadiThe impact of information on prices is the core of the market. This means that as soon as new information is released, an immediate and immediate response occurs, and prices change. Research on how stock prices react to market-level information and the company's specifi MoreThe impact of information on prices is the core of the market. This means that as soon as new information is released, an immediate and immediate response occurs, and prices change. Research on how stock prices react to market-level information and the company's specific information in the financial literature has received special attention. The main purpose of the present experimental study is to determine the effect of quality of management performance on information confidence indicators and market confidence indicators. To measure the quality of management performance from the management ability index of Demerjian et al (2012), to measure information reliability from the interaction between information quality assurance and cash flow reliability and to measure market confidence from three indicators of arbitrage risk, stock volatility and value risk. The stock market has been used. The statistical population of this study includes companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the data studied in this study include 150 Firm from 2008 to 2018. The research method is correlational and postoperative causality and the hypothesis testing method is correlation and regression test. The results of this study showed that the quality of management performance has a positive and significant effect on market confidence and no evidence was obtained on the effect of quality of management performance on information confidence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Effect of asset-liability management on credit risk
hadi farnian Fraydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti taghi torabiBanks as the biggest and most important active institutions in money market as well as having financial intermediary role including resource saving and financing play a significant role in the economy. Banks face with different challenges to play their role in the socie MoreBanks as the biggest and most important active institutions in money market as well as having financial intermediary role including resource saving and financing play a significant role in the economy. Banks face with different challenges to play their role in the society. One of these challenges is the optimal asset-liability management along with evaluating the related risks including credit risk which derives from lending facilities. The present study aimed to implement asset-liability management model for managing the credit risk of the banks. The ratio of lending facilities to asset and the ratio of delayed debts to facilities and capital adequacy were the variables of the study to assess the credit risk. In addition, the value at risk was calculated. In this study, data were collected from all 14 banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2016. The results indicated that it is essential to implement asset-liability management model for effective management and reducing the credit risk for the banks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Examining the Effects of Healthy Banking Indicators in Determining the Asset-Liability Management (ALM) Strategy by Focusing on Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) Index
Mohammad Hossein Setayesh Mohammad Hossein FathehThe aim of the present study is to examine the impact of healthy banking indicators in determining the asset-liability management (ALM) strategy. In order to achieve this objective, 20 bank branches with specific considerations were studied between 2009 and 2014. Pearso MoreThe aim of the present study is to examine the impact of healthy banking indicators in determining the asset-liability management (ALM) strategy. In order to achieve this objective, 20 bank branches with specific considerations were studied between 2009 and 2014. Pearson correlation and multivariate regression model were used to analyze the data. The bank size (bank balance and trade volumes) was considered as the asset/liability index, and the indicators of a healthy banking system such as asset quality, management (efficiency), profitability and liquidity were considered as independent variables. The results of this study suggest that indicators of capital adequacy, return on assets and return on capital have a positive and significant impact on asset and liability management. Management (efficiency) and liquidity indexes showed no significant effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Using the Utility Theory for Finding an Optimal Structure of Bank Asset Liability
M. E. Pourzarand M. Alborzi F. Hosseinzade Lotfi M. ShahriariA classic bank Asset - Liability problem tries to find an optimal solution that maximize the return and minimize the risk simoltaneously. But there is an obvious conflict between these objectives that makes it impossible. Based on this situation, there are too many stud MoreA classic bank Asset - Liability problem tries to find an optimal solution that maximize the return and minimize the risk simoltaneously. But there is an obvious conflict between these objectives that makes it impossible. Based on this situation, there are too many studies that try to propose some helpful method; But most of them lie on decision makers empirical ideas. This paper proposes a novel method that use a utility theory as a more quantitative approach for solving the problem. At first, it measures the utility function of the related managers and then the problem reduce to a solvable one for finding the optimal solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Using a Hybrid NSGA-II to Solve the Redundancy Allocation Mmodel of Series-Parallel Systems
Mohammadreza Shahriari -
Open Access Article
46 - Solving a Joint Availability-Redundancy Optimization Model with Multistate Components and Metaheuristic Approach
A. H. Borhani Alamdari‎‎‎ M. Sharifiمشکل تخصیص افزونگی (RAP) یکی از مهمترین و کاربردی ترین مسائل در زمینه قابلیت اطمینان است. هدف از این مشکل یافتن پیکربندی مطلوب اجزای سیستم به منظور بهینه سازی قابلیت اطمینان سیستم تحت برخی محدودیت­ها است. در مدل کلاسیک، اجزای مولفه سیستم باینری است، به عنوان مثال، ه Moreمشکل تخصیص افزونگی (RAP) یکی از مهمترین و کاربردی ترین مسائل در زمینه قابلیت اطمینان است. هدف از این مشکل یافتن پیکربندی مطلوب اجزای سیستم به منظور بهینه سازی قابلیت اطمینان سیستم تحت برخی محدودیت­ها است. در مدل کلاسیک، اجزای مولفه سیستم باینری است، به عنوان مثال، هر مولفه آن است که آیا جزء در حال کار است یا هراب شده است. در مطالعات جدید تحقیقاتی، اجزاء به عنوان اجزاء چند حالته در نظر گرفته می شوند، به عنوان مثال، هر جزء می­تواند برخی از حالت­های عملکردی بینابینی از سالم تا خراب را دارا باشد. در این مقاله، ما بر روی مسئله RAP با اجزاء چند حالته کار کرده و نرخ عملکرد اجزاء در هر یک از حالت­های عملکردی با صرف هزینه و انجام فعالیت­های فنی و سازمانی قابل افزایش می­باشد. به دلیل آنکه مسئله تخصیص افزونگی از جمله مسائل سخت می­باشد، ما برای حل مدل ارائه شده از دو الگوریتم فراابتکاری ژنتیک و شبیه سازی تبرید استفاده کرده و همچنین از تابع مولد عمومی برای محاسبه قابلیت اطمینان سیستم استفاده کرده­ایم. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The Effects of Technical and Organizational Activities on Redundancy Allocation Problem with Choice of Selecting Redundancy Strategies Using the memetic algorithm
M. Sharifi MR. Shahriari A. Zaretalab -
Open Access Article
48 - New Arithmetic Operations on Developed Parabolic Fuzzy Numbers and Its Application
F. Abbasi -
Open Access Article
49 - مساله مکان یابی هاب تک تخصیصی ظرفیت دار دو هدفه با فرض ایمنی مسیرها
فروغ معین مقدس فرزانه فولادیمسائل مکان یابی هاب به دلیل کاربردهای بسیارشان در سیستم های حمل ونقل و توزیع از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار هستند. پیچیدگی های مسائل واقعی امروزی اغلب کاربرد مسائل تک هدفه را به چالش می کشاند. به منظور واقعی تر شدن مدل، در این مقاله مسئله دو هدفه مکان یابی پوشش هاب ظرفیت دار Moreمسائل مکان یابی هاب به دلیل کاربردهای بسیارشان در سیستم های حمل ونقل و توزیع از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار هستند. پیچیدگی های مسائل واقعی امروزی اغلب کاربرد مسائل تک هدفه را به چالش می کشاند. به منظور واقعی تر شدن مدل، در این مقاله مسئله دو هدفه مکان یابی پوشش هاب ظرفیت دار تک تخصیصی با در نظر گرفتن قابلیت اطمینان مسیرها مورد بررسی قرار می گیرد. در این مقاله علاوه بر ظرفیت برای هاب ها، هزینه های ثابتی نیز برای احداث آنها در نظرگرفته می شود. تلاش می شود همزمان با می نیمم سازی هزینه ها، امنیت ضعیف ترین مسیر شبکه نیز ماکسیمم شود. برای مسئله مفروض، سه مدل ریاضی پیشنهاد شده است. ابتدا عملکرد مدل های تک هدفه ارزیابی و پس از تعیین مدل مناسب تر، مدل دو هدفه پیشنهادی با استفاده از روش ε-محدودیت حل می شود. در این مقاله هزینه های ثابت احداث با دو روش متفاوت یکی براساس فاصله از مرکز جرم سیستم و دیگری بر اساس ظرفیت هاب ها محاسبه می شود. نتایج محاسباتی نشان می دهد که از میان سه مدل، سومین مدل ارائه شده و با هزینه های ثابت بر مبنای فاصله از مرکز جرم، دارای عملکرد بهتری است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Redundancy Allocation Optimization Based on the Fuzzy Universal Generating Function approach in the Series-Parallel Systems
Mohammadreza Shahriari -
Open Access Article
51 - Characterization of some distributions by inequalities on failure rate
M. Rajaei SalmasiCharacterizing distributions is the process of finding the unique properties that distinguish a particular distribution from others. There are various methods for doing this, such as using moments, maximum entropy, hazard rate, and so on. Nanda (2010) used failure rate MoreCharacterizing distributions is the process of finding the unique properties that distinguish a particular distribution from others. There are various methods for doing this, such as using moments, maximum entropy, hazard rate, and so on. Nanda (2010) used failure rate and mean residual life functions to characterizing some distributions. In this paper, we extend the results of Nanda (2010). We characterize the Pareto, exponential, and Rayleigh distributions by refining the main results of that paper. We take some inequalities from that paper and propose a new inequality. Then, we raise both sides of the inequalities to some power and show that equality holds if and only if certain distributions are characterized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Set a bi-objective redundancy allocation model to optimize the reliability and cost of the Series-parallel systems using NSGA II problem
M. R. Shahriari‎ -
Open Access Article
53 - Civil Liability Regime for Environmental Damage
Maryam Afshari Sobhan Tayebi Roholla KarimiPurpose context: Nowadays, the position of environmental protection is considered as an important and desirable matter. This issue becomes important to the extent that legal indicators are considered for it. The explanation and discussion of civil responsibility and the MorePurpose context: Nowadays, the position of environmental protection is considered as an important and desirable matter. This issue becomes important to the extent that legal indicators are considered for it. The explanation and discussion of civil responsibility and the recognition of rightness and wrongness and the selection of each of its topics, including the theory of fault or risk, as well as citing jurisprudential theories such as harm, are among the important matters investigated in this structure. The purpose of this research is to examine environmental issues within the framework of civil responsibility and the procedure of instruments and responsibility as well as the existing legal regime. This research seeks to present and analyze the theoretical foundations of the necessity of civil responsibility evolution due to environmental destruction using the sources and foundations available in the theories of civil responsibility with a view to the existing legal regime. Research method: The present research was written based on library studies, descriptive and analytical method, and based on review findings. Findings: The weakness of civil liability rights guarantees and the inadequacy of administrative measures strengthen the aforementioned necessity, however, the application of civil liability rights to protect the environment requires consideration of requirements that cannot be considered without paying attention to them. The rights were hopeful. Discussion and conclusion: In this research, an attempt has been made to show why civil responsibility in the field of environmental damage needs to evolve, especially based on jurisprudence and legal doctrines. The most important achievement of this research is to recognize those theories of civil responsibility for environmental protection from the point of view of jurisprudence and law, which are compatible with the fundamental philosophy of maximum environmental protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Analyzing the Mechanisms of Civil Liability for Compensating Environmental Damages
Hossein jalaliPhysical, material, and moral damages incurred by a person following the occurrence of environmental damages make provisioning and implementing a proper civil liability system a necessity more than ever before. Although, there are lots of literature on the subject matte MorePhysical, material, and moral damages incurred by a person following the occurrence of environmental damages make provisioning and implementing a proper civil liability system a necessity more than ever before. Although, there are lots of literature on the subject matter, it is essential to explore the relationship between the two subjects of “civil liability” and “environmental protection” to analyze the mechanisms of the former in determining the compensation of damages incurred by the latter. This is a descriptive-analytic research using library and note-taking and by referring to laws and regulations and literature. The findings showed that due to the failure of mechanisms of offense-based civil liabilities in compensating environmental damages, it can be beneficial to use strict civil liability based mechanisms, environmental responsibilities, insurance, and environmental damages fund. However, the approach of international environmental law in this field is to humanize the category of environment. Lack of mandatory environmental responsibilities for polluting businesses and lack of regulations on environmental damages fund are the most important challenges for a civil liability system in Iran to be effective in compensating for environmental damages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Review of development in international liability resulting from environmental damages regarding to Basel Convention
leila RaisiOne way to develop the implementation ofenvironmental regulations at international levelis to expand international liability scope of statesthat breach regulations. In this regard, seriousefforts have been done in past years, as considerableevaluations have been occurre MoreOne way to develop the implementation ofenvironmental regulations at international levelis to expand international liability scope of statesthat breach regulations. In this regard, seriousefforts have been done in past years, as considerableevaluations have been occurred. Nowadays, evaluationsin case of international liability resultingfrom environmental damages such as developmentin scope of liability (changes from error- basedliability to principle of danger- based liability),expanding environmental liability to privatesector, acceptance of criminal liability for whodamage to environment, and so on. Generally, allof them express change in liability regime in thecase of environment at international level. AndBasel Convention is a good sample of these evaluations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Civil liability of judges and the basis of Quran and traditions
Amanullah Alimoradi Seyyed Jalaluddin al- Taha MakkiDespite the conditions and strict regulations governing verdicts issued by judges, there is the possibility of mistakes, misunderstanding and errors from them and subsequently causing damages to the parties. The personal responsibility of judges has been expressed in pr MoreDespite the conditions and strict regulations governing verdicts issued by judges, there is the possibility of mistakes, misunderstanding and errors from them and subsequently causing damages to the parties. The personal responsibility of judges has been expressed in principle 171 of Iranian Constitution and in other laws such as Article 58 of the Islamic penal code. If the judge, who caused damages by its wrong judgment, is at fault, he has the personal responsibility for damages, and recovery for damages against him can be claimed through the disciplinary court of Judges. But if there is no fault on behalf of the judge, the responsibility for damages is on the government. This article is mainly concerns with base and origin of the responsibility of judges in case of erroneous judgments in Quran and tradition. Furthermore the various types of damages arisen from a mistaken judgment and the legal procedure for recovery of damages shall be studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Investigating the Principle of Compensation from the Perspective of Quran, Imami Jurisprudence and Iranian Law
Fatemeh Negahdari Nasir Mashayekh Gandas KolaiIn Iranian law, the issue of compensable damages is one of the most controversial issues in civil liability law and various opinions have been presented in this regard. These issues and disagreements have found new dimensions, especially with the victory of the Islamic MoreIn Iranian law, the issue of compensable damages is one of the most controversial issues in civil liability law and various opinions have been presented in this regard. These issues and disagreements have found new dimensions, especially with the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the jurisprudential approach to law. In our law, there are two general methods and views on compensable damages: On the other hand, most Imami jurists, without devoting an independent discussion to this category and establishing general rules in this regard, are exposed to the issue of compensable damages in various jurisprudential discussions and have raised issues in every position; In contrast, many new Iranian jurists who, despite using and paying attention to jurisprudential principles and jurisprudential issues, use a new method in legal discussions, in the manner of French jurists, they discuss the general compensable damages in civil liability law and under the chapter of the pillars of liability, they have dealt with the issue of harm and expressing the issues surrounding it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Criminal liability of legal persons in cyber theft
احمد مرادخانی سید محسن رضوی اصلCyber theft is among the crimes that occur in cyberspace, and although the substantive conditions and constituent elements of a crime, no different from the traditional theft, but the difference in the crime, distinguishing the two types is stealing from each other. The MoreCyber theft is among the crimes that occur in cyberspace, and although the substantive conditions and constituent elements of a crime, no different from the traditional theft, but the difference in the crime, distinguishing the two types is stealing from each other. The perpetrators of Internet piracy as well as other crimes can be both natural and legal persons. The perpetrators of Internet piracy as well as other crimes, can be both natural and legal persons and the issue of criminal liability of legal persons in the Penal Code Act of 1392 explicitly accepted, in the computer crimes law in Articles 19 to 23 Has been studied and It is seen that in this law, penalties far more severe than the punishment prescribed for the legal person designated for the theft of computer and internet is a real person. and It is seen that in this law, penalties far more severe than the punishment prescribed for the legal person designated for the theft of computer and internet is a real person. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Civil liability arising from the implementation of the Law extermination keep users
ali noorani سید مهدی میرداداشی ابراهیم دلشاد معارفBased on increase of changing the garden and agricultural land usage of country and the decision of government to counter fronting this issue and protecting the usage of agricultural lands for substantial development, and based on law, the agricultural (Jahad-Keshavarzi MoreBased on increase of changing the garden and agricultural land usage of country and the decision of government to counter fronting this issue and protecting the usage of agricultural lands for substantial development, and based on law, the agricultural (Jahad-Keshavarzi) organization of provinces is chosen as the responsible of this important issue.Since the implementation of tin and cut illegal land use changes Mtabqtbsrh 2 Article 10 of the said law, Rasavbdvn judicial sentence carried out (by the authority of law)In most cases because the damage done by mechanical devices Inevitably brings damage. The purpose of this studyExplaining the government's civil liability Or his staffIn the lawBased on jurisprudence and legal rules whichIt looks at whereGovernment employee on purpose or gross errorThe damage caused to othersIs responsibleOtherwiseIn the case of State responsibilityAnd in most casesaccording toWarningruleThe government will have no liability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The damages of debt payment delay resulting from civil liability
Ali Azizi ebrahim delshad maaref Mahdi MirdadashiThis thesis applies an attempt to find out whether the damages of payment delay include debts resulting from civil responsibility with the article 522 Gh. A. D.M. In this regard, we faced to two basic questions and tried to have persuasive answers to them. Some believe MoreThis thesis applies an attempt to find out whether the damages of payment delay include debts resulting from civil responsibility with the article 522 Gh. A. D.M. In this regard, we faced to two basic questions and tried to have persuasive answers to them. Some believe that the damages of payment delay belong to debts resulting from civil responsibility because debt should be paid in all situations and there should be no distinction. According to the principle of the full compensation for damages in civil liability, the damages of debt payment delay resulting from civil liability can be claimable. Others consider the claim of such damages undue. Among these two points of views, it can be believed that the damages of payment delay include debts resulting from civil liability. However, the beginning of payment delay estimation is not the time of damages occurrence, but it is the time of issuing court judgment that has acquired the conditions of civil liability implementation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The role of the rule of loss in proving civil responsibility of the state
mohammad daneshnahad abolfazl alishahiThe "wasting" rule is one of the basic rules of civil responsibility in the state, which in some circumstances is the guarantor of the state, and in some other cases the state is not responsible and the person concerned, whether it is a state official or other persons w MoreThe "wasting" rule is one of the basic rules of civil responsibility in the state, which in some circumstances is the guarantor of the state, and in some other cases the state is not responsible and the person concerned, whether it is a state official or other persons who have worked in the realization of the concept of source wasting, Guarantors. In this research, based on jurisprudential issues and considering the role of this rule in the laws, the position of the principle of loss in the civil responsibility of the state has been addressed, such as the loss of state property, the wasting of the property of the people, the loss caused by non-enforcement of law, the resulting loss The implementation of the false rules and losses caused by the commission in the government guarantee has been investigated and criticized. One of the results of the research is that if a government official misidentified the government, he will be the guarantor of compensation, and if the loss is not the same, the state will be the guarantor of the compensation; if the municipal officials, with the permission and observance of the points Safety, loss, will not be guarantor; otherwise, the guarantor will incur damages; in the implementation of false rules, if the implementers of these policies are aware of its detriment, should partly compensate for the damage, and the other part by the government, As one of the factors causing damage, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Civil Liability of the State from the Viewpoint of No-Loss Rule
Abolfazl Alishahi Mohammad DaneshnahadThe No-Loss Rule is of the very important jurisprudential rules within the concept of civil liability, however, a basic vacuum is lack of explanation about the place of this rule in the Public Law and civil liability of the state, while the Guilt Theory or the Risk Theo MoreThe No-Loss Rule is of the very important jurisprudential rules within the concept of civil liability, however, a basic vacuum is lack of explanation about the place of this rule in the Public Law and civil liability of the state, while the Guilt Theory or the Risk Theory have been mentioned many times.The present research deals with the No-Loss Rule and its role in the State Civil Liability, in an analytical-descriptive method, with reference to original jurisprudential and legal sources.The first section compares the No-loss Rule with two well-known theories on Civil Liability and deals with the differences and reasons behind the advantage of the No-Loss Rule over the other two. In the second section, the role of the No-Loss Rule in regard to the state civil liability, is elaborated, which includes three categories: common methods of the approval and denial of the state civil liability; exclusive methods of the approval and exclusive methods of the denial of the state civil liability.Some concepts explaining the role of the No-Loss Rule in the compliance and waiver of the state civil liability: verifying the conditions for quoting the tradition, the meanings of non- loss and denial of the loss judgment, to regard the No-Loss Rule as a state edict and to force the speculator to sell the hoards. One of the findings of the research is the fact that the state is liable for the conflict of the rights of individuals with one another; every loss which takes place in the society is has the capacity of indemnification, which is solvable via state public insurance and individual private insurance. The state is not liable for losses to belligerent states and in preference of public law to the private law, losses must be compensated as much as possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Economic Dispatch Problem for Minimizing Cost and Improving Reliability Consifering Uncertainty
saeed naseri Mojtaba Najafi mostafa esmaeilbeigThe purpose of the economic load distribution problem is to find a suitable design for the output of power plants in order to supply the consumption load in a certain time horizon, so that it ensures that the proposed design will meet the load demand at an acceptable le MoreThe purpose of the economic load distribution problem is to find a suitable design for the output of power plants in order to supply the consumption load in a certain time horizon, so that it ensures that the proposed design will meet the load demand at an acceptable level of reliability. With the advent of energy management and power consumption methods, the load growth trend has decreased, but there is still a need to optimize the issues of optimal operation in the production, transmission and distribution networks to supply and transfer power from producers to consumers. Therefore, solving the problem of economic load distribution in an optimal way and at an acceptable level of reliability is essential. The main purpose of this issue is to reduce operating costs. Operating costs include the cost of operating power plants and maintaining the network. In addition to cost, there are other goals such as network reliability that have not been carefully and seriously examined, so this article examines these goals. In this paper, a safe multi-objective optimization framework for dispatching power plants is presented. Cost minimization, redistributed energy were considered as optimization objective functions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Improving Storage in Distributed Cloud Data Centers by Increasing Reliability Using Collective Intelligence Algorithms
Alireza Chamkoori Serajdean KatebiData security and privacy in data centers is an important issue. The major anxiety in security and privacy is the result of the fact that the topography of important operas can be available to sensitive information. To improve storage in distributed cloud data centers, MoreData security and privacy in data centers is an important issue. The major anxiety in security and privacy is the result of the fact that the topography of important operas can be available to sensitive information. To improve storage in distributed cloud data centers, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm has been used to copy data between data centers. This paper summarizes the objectives and constraints of the cloud storage problem in order to achieve good performance by considering the shortest data transmission distance, obtaining optimal storage in distributed data centers with reliability based on PSO algorithm between two central data sets. And then it provides an intelligent cryptographic approach that cloud service operators cannot directly access partial data. Numerical results show that the proposed method can provide a good cloud storage strategy when the number of distributed data centers is equal, the defense of the main threats in the clouds can be done effectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Participation of units taking into account the possible rotational storage and intermittent load
Amirhossein Babaali Mohammadali AmeliThis article discusses possible discussions in UC, where rotating and intermittent loading reservations are considered exploitation reservations. Expected Unsupplied Energy (EENS) is considered as a criterion for probability and a new method has been proposed to calcula MoreThis article discusses possible discussions in UC, where rotating and intermittent loading reservations are considered exploitation reservations. Expected Unsupplied Energy (EENS) is considered as a criterion for probability and a new method has been proposed to calculate this index in the presence of uninterruptible load. The credibility of issue 1Unit Commitment (RCUC) is expressed mathematically based on linear composition (MIP) programming. The most important economic constraint is the cost of energy. And technically, by considering intermittent loads and rotating reservations, with the help of possible topics, the amount of unsecured energy can be reduced and, of course, the reliability of the units' participation can be increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Time-Dependent Reliability Analysis of Mechanical Structures using an Analytical Approach
Mohammad Reza Moarefzadeh -
Open Access Article
67 - Validation of Managers’ Promotional Assessment Center in Isfahan Gas Company
Mahdiehsadat Khoshouei Hamidreza Oreyzi Afshin JahanbaziThe goal of this research was validation of manager’s promotional assessment center in Isfahan Gas company.In order to achieve the goal, according to assessment center designed Isfahan Gas company (khoshouei, Oreyzi and Nouri, 2014) eight mid-level managers MoreThe goal of this research was validation of manager’s promotional assessment center in Isfahan Gas company.In order to achieve the goal, according to assessment center designed Isfahan Gas company (khoshouei, Oreyzi and Nouri, 2014) eight mid-level managers of companyas participant and thirteen experts with masters’ degree at industrial and organizational psychology as expert and assessorselected purposefully (homogeneous sampling). Then, experts were completed the training course effectiveness questionnaire and simulation exercise effectiveness questionnaire, assessors were completed the simulation exercise effectiveness questionnaire and behaviorally anchored rating scale and managers were completed the simulation exercise effectiveness questionnaire and managerial dimensional questionnaire (Khoshouei, 2012). Therefore, standardization (by survey of experts and managers), face validiy (by survey of experts and assessors), content validiy (by survey of managers), concurrent validiy (by correlation of simulations ratings and managerial dimensional questionnaire) and construct validiy (multi-trait multi-method analysis) were established.Reliability of assessment center were found to be confirmatory by inter- rater reliability, intra-rater reliability, reliability of same dimensions in different exersices, and behaviorally anchored rating scale reliability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The Psychometric Properties of Generalized Pathological Unternet Use Scale(GPIUS) in Internet Users Students of Isfahan Universities
سید سلمان علوی فرشته جنتی فرد محمدرضا مرآثی حسین رضاپورThis study investigated reliability and validi-ty (psychomet- ric properties) of GPIUS. This is a descriptivea- nalytical research. For this pur-pose 400 Isfahan university students were sub-jected. Sampling method was quota sampling .samples completed demographic ques- MoreThis study investigated reliability and validi-ty (psychomet- ric properties) of GPIUS. This is a descriptivea- nalytical research. For this pur-pose 400 Isfahan university students were sub-jected. Sampling method was quota sampling .samples completed demographic ques-tionnaire, IAT, YDQ and GPIUS. finally clinical interview (based on DSM-IV-TR) was per-formed for all of the samples. For data analysis we have used factor analysis, internal consis-tency, split half, and Kronbach’ ROC Curve by SPSS Software. Factor analysis by principal component and Varimax rotation revealed seven factors for GPIUS .It has acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach =0/90), split half (r=0/81) relia- bility, discriminative validity (r=0/55) and concurrent validity (0/55 ,0/61).best cut of point for this questionnaire is 63 There-fore GPIUS has acceptable psychometric properties and this is a valid and reliable in-strument that may be used in research on inter-net addiction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The Reliability, Validity and Factor Structure of the Revised Islamic Scale of Envy (ISE-R)
Abbas Ali Haratiyan Mohammad Reza Ahmadi ابوالقاسم ولی زادهThe present research was conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of the revised version of the original Islamic Scale of Envy. This is a correlational research, in which from 30000 college students associated with the Consultation Department of the Supreme Le MoreThe present research was conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of the revised version of the original Islamic Scale of Envy. This is a correlational research, in which from 30000 college students associated with the Consultation Department of the Supreme Leader’s Office at universities, 1918 persons were randomly selected. The students completed the original test of Envy Scale (Vali-Zadeh, 2010/1389s.c.). For the validity of the scale, factor analysis methods (exploratory and confirmatory) and concurrent validity were used. Factor analysis of the data showed that the revised form of the Islamic Scale of Envy have four factors (including sense of irritation by others’ success, sense of deprivation and inferiority, tendency to deprive others of their blessings, and sorrow of being compared) and have a good concurrent validity. To avaluate the reliability of the scale, internal consistency was measured by Cronbach’s Alpha yielding 0.93 which means a highly reliable scale. Based on findings of the reseach, it can be concluded that this questionnaire has a high reliability and validity, which can assist us in investigating people’s temperamental and personality envy-related traits and it can be employed for clinical activities and future studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Validation of Marriage Satisfaction Inventory
مهدی تبریزیMarriage satisfaction has been always of importance to most of the practitioners and family counselors. Marital Satisfaction Inventory is one of the most applied tools which is developed to diagnose marital conflicts. In order to evaluate validity and reliability of t MoreMarriage satisfaction has been always of importance to most of the practitioners and family counselors. Marital Satisfaction Inventory is one of the most applied tools which is developed to diagnose marital conflicts. In order to evaluate validity and reliability of this questionnaire it was translated into Persian language and was given to couples who had marital satisfaction problems, and couples who had no marital satisfaction problems. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and internal consistency of individual scales was , which is really high. Reliability coefficients demonstrate the high stability of individual scales with the highest one, . Differential reliability was computed to compare the two groups of satisfied and non-satisfied couples and it could be said that the difference between two groups is significant at . This test can really differentiate between two groups successfully. This study showed that the questionnaire can be used as a reliable diagnostic means of screening, treatment and clinical research about couples who have conflicts over and unsatisfied with their marital lives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of The Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS)
Mehdi Chamikarpour Abbas Pourshahbaz Behrouz Dolatshahee Nahaleh MoshtaghThis study was planned to determine the reliability and construct validity of the Persian version of the gender role conflict scale. Statistical population of the study includes all male students of the universities of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences and Te MoreThis study was planned to determine the reliability and construct validity of the Persian version of the gender role conflict scale. Statistical population of the study includes all male students of the universities of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences and Tehran University in 2010. 190 male students, ages ranging from 21 to 40 years old with educational levels from B.S to Ph.D were selected. They completed an inventory including demographic variables and Persian version of the gender role conflict scale. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS (11.5). Pearson correlation coefficients showed that the “restrictive emotionality”, among four factors of gender role conflict, had the greatest correlation with GRCS total score (P < 0.01) and “success, power and competition” had the weakest one (P < 0.01). Also, results from the present study showed that the Persian version of the gender role conflict scale and its four factors had a good reliability (with Chronbach’s alphas ranging from 0.70 to 0.81) among Iranian college students. Finally , four-factor structure of the Persian version of the gender role conflict scale was justified in the present study through confirmatory factor analysis with varimax rotation (K2=2029.147, df=666, & P=0.000). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Investigation of Relationship between Disordered Eatings and Body Checking Behaviors in the Students of Islamic Azad University of Arsanjan
بهناز سروره عظیمزاده اصغر رضویه محمدرضا محرریEating disorders, the most common psychiatric disorders, which are located on a continuum and at the beginning of its healthy eating, disordered eatings in the middle and at the end of continuum anorexia and bulimia. Research purposes: a) Relationship between disordered MoreEating disorders, the most common psychiatric disorders, which are located on a continuum and at the beginning of its healthy eating, disordered eatings in the middle and at the end of continuum anorexia and bulimia. Research purposes: a) Relationship between disordered eatings and behavior of body checking b) differences in the behavior of men and women of disordered eating and body checking behavior. Since the factors of eating disorders have major role in prevention programs, has conducted research necessary appears. Method: 140 men and women students of azad university of arsanjan to the random sampling method cluster were selected. The tool includes a body checking questionnaire (BCQ) eating attitude test( EAT-26) were. For statistical analysis information correlation cofficient and stepwise regression and independent t-test groups were used. Results: In the total sample (P ≤0/0001) and women with excess disordered eating, body check more (P ≤0/001). Also, the total sample (P ≤0/0001) and women (P ≤0/001) and men (P ≤0/02), increasing in signs of dieting was observed with more body checks. body checking behavior in women than men more (P ≤0/03) and in men more than women Bulimia and Preoccupation with food (P ≤0/02) was observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The Reliability and Validity of Raven's Progressive Matrics Test Among the Studentsof Azad Khorasgan University
جهانبخش رحمانیRavens progressive matrices test is a reliable and valid intelligence test for mental testing and general intelligence. The advanced form (APM) of test was made for measuring the mind ability of superior and gifted people. The aim of this study was to test the reliabili MoreRavens progressive matrices test is a reliable and valid intelligence test for mental testing and general intelligence. The advanced form (APM) of test was made for measuring the mind ability of superior and gifted people. The aim of this study was to test the reliability and validity of this instrument for intelligence testing in undergraduate student, and make a norm table of intelligence quotient (IQ). A randomized sample (n= ) of undergraduate students of Islamic Azad university (khorasgan branch) population were selected and were tested, results showed that: The advanced form of Raven's progressive matrices (APM) test had significant reliability and validity (P < ) for measuring intelligence of undergraduates. distribution of raw scores in this study was normal, therefore, we can obtain z scores (standard score) and compute IQ scores according to Wechsler scale (m= , s= ). results showed no significant difference between male and female. different ages showed no significance differences after years old. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Factor structure, Validity and Reliability of the Maternal Emotional Styles Questionnaire (MESQ)
Hamideh Soleimani Layya BashashThis research intends to examine the psychometric properties of the Maternal Emotional Styles Questionnaire (MESQ) amongst mothers. The research method was descriptive-survey and validation through developing an instrument and reliability assessment. The sample consis MoreThis research intends to examine the psychometric properties of the Maternal Emotional Styles Questionnaire (MESQ) amongst mothers. The research method was descriptive-survey and validation through developing an instrument and reliability assessment. The sample consisted of 400 mothers selected by cluster multi-stage random sampling method. Measuring instruments were the Maternal Emotional Styles Questionnaire (MESQ) (Lagacé-Séguin & Copla, 2005), and Strength, and Difficult Questionnaire (SDQ) (Gooodman, 1997). Data analysis was done using SPSS and Amos software’s version 16. The (MESQ) demonstrated high internal consistency. A re-administration of the measure 1 month later yielded high correlation (P < 0.001). The scale was assessed using factor analysis and principle component method (KMO = 0.78). In total, these two factors accounted for 45.44% of the total variance. Confirmative factor analysis approved the results of exploratory factor analysis. In addition, this model was found fit with the data. Pearson’s correlation between (MESQ) and (SDQ) were respectively confirming their convergent and divergent validity. Results of this study showed that Farsi version of (MESQ) has good psychometrics particularity in measuring mother’s emotional styles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Investigating the Reliability and Validation of Luchiano and His Collegues` Thought Control Ability Questionnaire
hajar barati hamidreza oreyziAccording to pervious researches it seems that thought control ability is a one-dimensional trait and it differs from one person to another. The aim of the current study was to investigate the reliability and validation of Thought Control Ability Questionnaire –TCAQ- (L MoreAccording to pervious researches it seems that thought control ability is a one-dimensional trait and it differs from one person to another. The aim of the current study was to investigate the reliability and validation of Thought Control Ability Questionnaire –TCAQ- (Luchiano et al., 2005) among students. The statistical population of the study included all the students of psychology and educational sciences, in the University of Isfahan. 275 students were selected as sample through simple random sampling and responded to TCAQ and Penn State Worry Questionnaire-PSWQ-(Meyer et al., 1990). Factor analysis and correlation coefficient used for analyzing data. Findings indicated that factor analysis with one dimension explains 43.7 percent of variance and the factor loadings of 23 items is higher than 0.59 (P < 0.01) and therefore suitable. Concurrent validity of Thought Control Ability Questionnaire with Penn State Worry Questionnaire was confirmed (P < 0.01). Also, the results showed that men compared to women and old people compared to younger people have higher thought control (P < 0.01). According to findings, researchers can use a new and short instrument that makes comparing and assessing individual’s thought control easier. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - A Study of Reliability and Validity of Depression-Happiness Scale (DHS)
علیاصغر بیانیThe main objective in this study was to examine the reliability and validity of Depression-Happiness Scale (DHS). Therefore, a sample of students from Islamic Azad University of Azadshahr was randomly chosen. The reliability of DHS was tested through three methods of MoreThe main objective in this study was to examine the reliability and validity of Depression-Happiness Scale (DHS). Therefore, a sample of students from Islamic Azad University of Azadshahr was randomly chosen. The reliability of DHS was tested through three methods of Cronbach's alpha, test-retest. The correlation coefficients were and respectively. The validity of DHS was evaluated through construct validity and administration of both Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) and Beck depressing Inventory (BDI). A significant positive correlation coefficient of emerged between DHS and OHI this correlation for BDI was with . In general, The Persian Version of Depressing-Happiness Scale showed to have fairly acceptable level of reliability and validity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - The Study of the Factorial Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Auckland Individualism-Collectivism Scale
abbas shakiba fateme bahrami zabihollah kave farsaniThe objective of this study was to obtain a factorial structure for the Auckland Individualism- Collectivism Scale (AICS), among Iranian students. A correlation method was employed with a sample of graduate students. Participants were 274 graduate students of Isfahanu MoreThe objective of this study was to obtain a factorial structure for the Auckland Individualism- Collectivism Scale (AICS), among Iranian students. A correlation method was employed with a sample of graduate students. Participants were 274 graduate students of Isfahanuniversity, who were selected through convenience sampling. They answered the 26-item version of the AICS. Data was analyzed through explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis and the Cronbach alpha of internal consistency. The explanatory factor analysis of 26 items yielded 5 clear factors and the examination of the 5 factor model by confirmatory factor analysis showed the best fit with the data, the Cronbach alpha as 0.81-0.93 of AICS factors was estimated and it was acceptable. The Auckland Individualism- Collectivism Scale could be used as a valid and reliable instrument in later Iranian psychological & psycho-sociological research . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Standardization and Study of the Psychometric Properties of Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire
Mahsa Movahed Abtahi Shole Amiri Golita EmsakiThe purpose of the present study was standardization and study of the psychometric properties of Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire in Isfahan. This study was a survey research and was implemented among 7 to 12 year old students of Isfahan. Among statistical p MoreThe purpose of the present study was standardization and study of the psychometric properties of Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire in Isfahan. This study was a survey research and was implemented among 7 to 12 year old students of Isfahan. Among statistical population, 340 students were selected using multistage sampling, and their parents responded to the items in Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire . Due to percentile ranks and ROC table, the score of 30 was selected as the best cut off point which was equal to percentile rank 90. The face validity and construct validity of the questionnaire was approved by experts. The discriminant validity was studied using discriminant analysis. The reliability was desirable (0.83) using Cronbach’s alpha. Exploratory factor analysis approved 3 distinct factors in the questionnaire structure that were titled as bullying, impulsiveness and antisocial behaviors. According to the results obtaining from the validity and reliability analysis of Randolph attachment disorder questionnaire, this instrument is reliable and valid and is capable to be used in Iranian society in order to investigate attachment disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Psychometric properties of active procrastination scale among students at Kharazmi University in Karaj
sana panahipour mehdi arabzadeh Fereshte CheraghiThe aim of this study was to investigate of psychometric properties of the active Procrastination scale, including reliability, validity and confirmatory factor analysis in order to prepare the test for Educational and cognitive research. This descriptive-correlation st MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate of psychometric properties of the active Procrastination scale, including reliability, validity and confirmatory factor analysis in order to prepare the test for Educational and cognitive research. This descriptive-correlation study was a type of validation and the sample size of this study was 273 students (127 girls and 146 boys) selected through random cluster sampling among Students at Kharazmi University and they were tested by the Active Procrastination and Passive Procrastination scale. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirm that the structure of the scale has an acceptable fit with the data. Internal consistency in term of the ordinal Theta and cronbach’s alpha coefficients in the sample group has been computed and confirmed. The Results of factor analysis, conducted in the main culture, reliability and validity coefficients were similar to the previous studies. According to the psychometric property, this present scale can be applied in Active procrastination research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Validation and standardization of Four Factor Parenting Questionnaire in mothers of elementairy school students
mojtaba rahimi hossein molavi Mojtaba Ansarishahidi akram dehghaniThe purpose of this study was to determine validation and standardization of Four Factor Parenting Questionnaire in mothers of elementary school students. Therefore 200 mothers who referred to the Psychological Services and counseling center of Isfahan ministry of MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine validation and standardization of Four Factor Parenting Questionnaire in mothers of elementary school students. Therefore 200 mothers who referred to the Psychological Services and counseling center of Isfahan ministry of Education were randomly through convenience sampling selected and were asked to answer the Baumrind Parenting Style Inventory (Baumrind) and the items of Four Factor Parenting Questionnaire that is designed by Shyny (2017) based on the eastern parenting cultural context. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the four factor model fitted the data on the factors were named: Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive and Uninvolved (P-VALUE=0.00000). Also the concurrent validity coefficients of the questionnaire with the Baumrind Parenting Style Inventory were satisfactory. The cronbach alpha coefficients of the factors were also higher than .80. The results show that the Four Factor Parenting Questionnaire has appropriate characteristics and totally can be used in the Iranian sample and can use it for treatment aims and research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Developing, Validation, Reliability and Normalization of Expectancy- Value- Benefit- Cost Scale among Bu-Ali Sina University Students
khosro Rashid Arezou Delfan BeiranvandThis study was conducted with the aim of developing, validation, reliability, and normalization of Expectancy- Value – Benefit - Cost Scale among students of Bu-Ali Sina University. The research method was descriptive-correlational, and the statistical population MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of developing, validation, reliability, and normalization of Expectancy- Value – Benefit - Cost Scale among students of Bu-Ali Sina University. The research method was descriptive-correlational, and the statistical population included all students of Bu-Ali Sina University in the academic year of 2019-2020. The sample size included 395 students were randomly selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method, and they completed the researcher-made scale. Methods of analysis included: exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, content validity, and concurrent validity, and Cronbach alpha coefficient. The results of exploratory factor analysis extracted 5 factors named expectation, value, benefit, psychological cost, and situational cost. Moreover, first and second order confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the results of exploratory factor analysis of the scale. The estimated Cronbach alpha reliability coefficients for the whole scale was 0.848, and for expectation, value, benefit, psychological costs, and situational costs were 0.898, 0.899, 0.793, 0.862, and 0.778 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Reliability and Validation of the Short Version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-56) in University Student
Farzaneh Ranjbar Noushari Abbas Abolghasemi Majid Baradaran Samereh Asadi Majreh mehri mowlaieThe aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of short version of temperament and character inventory in University student. This descriptive study was a survey type. The statistical population of the study included all undergraduate students of Payam MoreThe aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of short version of temperament and character inventory in University student. This descriptive study was a survey type. The statistical population of the study included all undergraduate students of Payame Noor University of Guilan in the academic year 1396-97, that 350 students (217 females and 133 males) were selected by multi-stage clustering sampling. The Temperament and Character Inventory (Adan & et al, 2009) and the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1989) was used for collecting the data. The coefficients obtained for the subscales through Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability showed the appropriate reliability of this instrument. Convergent validity were examined by correlating with NEO-Five Factor Inventory that results were significant. Also, based on the results of confirmatory factor analysis, The seven factors proposed in the Cloninger's model (innovation, harm avoidance, reward reward, perseverance, perseverance, self-direction, cooperation, self-avoidance) have a good fit. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the short version of TCI has a good reliability and validity in Iranian samples and it is suitable for use in research and clinical fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - (Dis)empowerment Role of Assessment in English Section of Iranian University Entrance Exam: EFL University Students Perspective in Focus
Mahbubeh Mahmudi-Nasrabadi Omid Tabatabaei Hadi Salehi Mahmud Mehrabi -
Open Access Article
84 - Psychometrics Revisited: Recapitulation of the Major Trends in TESOL
Mohammad Ali Salmani Nodoushan -
Open Access Article
85 - The Validity and Reliability of Teaching Evaluation Questionnaire among High School Students
reza jafariharandi Susan BahramiThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a teaching evaluation questionnaire among high school students. The research method is descriptive-analytical and its approach is applied. The study population was all first grade students in Isfa MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a teaching evaluation questionnaire among high school students. The research method is descriptive-analytical and its approach is applied. The study population was all first grade students in Isfahan in the academic year of 2018- 2019. The sample consisted of 380 first grade high school students (198 girls, 182 boys) who were selected by multistage stratified random sampling. The research tool was Camber & Long (2008) Teaching Evaluation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, face validity, content validity, factor analysis, correlation of items with total score, correlation of components with each other and with total, internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and test-retest. Based on the results, the Teaching Evaluation Questionnaire has 9 components and 49 items and has good validity, reliability and fitness in psychometric evaluation. The confirmatory factor structure confirmed the proposed nine-factor model. In other words, face validity, content, factor, item correlation and component correlation, effective teaching questionnaire were confirmed. The overall reliability and reliability of the nine components of the questionnaire were also confirmed. Therefore, the effective teaching questionnaire, due to the robustness of the factor structure and the appropriate psychometric properties, is usable by other researchers and is recommended for use in teaching evaluation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Clustering Methods Survey in VANET on Roads and Mountain Trails with High Reliability
Mohammad Ali Pourmina Babak Mosharmovahed Sam Jabbehdari -
Open Access Article
87 - A Comparative Overview of Electronic Devices Reliability Prediction Methods-Applications and Trends
Frederick Ehiagwina Titus Adewunmi Emmanuel Seluwa Olufemi Kehinde Nafiu Abubakar -
Open Access Article
88 - Revised EECBSR for Energy Efficient and Reliable Routing in WBAN
Aarti Sangwan Partha Bhattacharya -
Open Access Article
89 - A Comparative Study of Civil Liability for Sporting Accidents (Based on Fault) between Iranian and Common Law
Meghdad Mahmoodi Alami Vahid Shojaei Mohammad Hami Mohammad SanaeiIn private law, it is very important to define the basis of civil liability. As Stark puts it, it is no exaggeration to say that civil liability is the most important thing in private law. In civil liability, it is said that no one should harm another and no harm should MoreIn private law, it is very important to define the basis of civil liability. As Stark puts it, it is no exaggeration to say that civil liability is the most important thing in private law. In civil liability, it is said that no one should harm another and no harm should be left without compensation. The rules of civil liability are so flexible in some cases that they pass by some damages without compensation. In other words, some activities, the most prominent of which are sports activities, on the one hand, cause harms, and on the other hand, have found so much social, spiritual and material value that they force the rules of responsibility to comply with their rights. Civil liability, which demands compensation for all damages, should give up its slogan.Injured consent was initially considered a complete defense in the Commonwealth. Violence and injury are unintended consequences of the increasing spread of sport. An important part of the losses and injuries are related to sports operations (games and sports competitions). This research seeks to examine the responsibility of athletes in sporting events and to determine the circumstances in which a person is held responsible. The role of fault in sports accidents in Iranian and common law is also examined. In common Law when a person does the job carelessly and the result is harm to another according to the law, the offender is responsible for any damage she has caused. Determining the basis of liability and the athlete responsible for injury in sports accidents is an important issue in civil liability. In fact, civil liability seeks to restore the right to the victim and leave no harm without compensation. To identify the person responsible for sports accidents, one must refer to two important features of sports activities, namely, the doctrine of inherent dangers and the doctrine of risk acceptance. The principle of inherent risk and acceptance of risk is also accepted in our law and the ability to cite is considered a criterion of responsibility, but this criterion does not negate the principle of fault and fault is at the heart of this concept of citation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - A Review on the Technical Challenges of Connecting Wind Energy Conversion Systems to the Grid
Majid Tavoosi Ehsan Heydarian-Forushani Mohammad Hassan Amirioun Mohsen Parsa MoghaddamWind power generation is making an increasingly significant contribution to global electricity production. The high penetration of wind power poses many operational and control challenges that affects the reliability and stability of power systems. In this Paper, the re MoreWind power generation is making an increasingly significant contribution to global electricity production. The high penetration of wind power poses many operational and control challenges that affects the reliability and stability of power systems. In this Paper, the reported technical challenges caused by the grid integration of wind energy conversion system (WECS) and the proposed solutions methodologies represents. The wind-generating system components and architecture are investigated at the beginning of this article for analysis and stability studies purposes, then are addressed various technical challenges; each challenge is discussed individually, focusing on the bulk integration of wind energy into the power systems. Some solutions, including grids code, energy storage technologies, appropriate control strategies, and other methodologies employed to mitigate the effects of the integration, are also included. This review is ready-reckoner of essential topics for further research of wind energy and available technologies in this field. This review provides ready-reckoner of essential topics for grid integration of wind energy and available technologies in direction of overcome the related difficulties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Emergence of Spirituality and Mysticism in Shurideh Shirazi's Poetry
Shirin BaghaiFasih al-Mulk, Shourideh Shirazi (died 1345 AH) has been called the last poet of the literary return style, who is considered one of the bright-hearted geniuses in Persian literature, the turbulent period of his life at the end of the Qajar era and the beginning of the MoreFasih al-Mulk, Shourideh Shirazi (died 1345 AH) has been called the last poet of the literary return style, who is considered one of the bright-hearted geniuses in Persian literature, the turbulent period of his life at the end of the Qajar era and the beginning of the Pahlavi era and the events of the constitutional revolution, his poetry has a high And it makes descents that show tendencies towards spirituality and mysticism. In this article, with the analytical method and referring to the first-hand sources and poet's poems, hymns that were related to spirituality and mysticism have been analyzed, and divine love and desire for the unity of existence have been analyzed. And self-cultivation is followed in it until becoming a Perfect Human, and his Sufi poems about Imam Ali (a.s.) are especially impressive, which are completed with devotion to Imam Hussain (a.s.) and Imam Reza (a.s.) and make these imams as Perfect human. draws and it is This poet had spiritual and mystical tendencies and this tendency increased during his maturity and the last decades of his life. He puts spiritual principles at the head of his teachings in most of his poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Fairness of an EFL test: the Case of the English Section of Konkour in Iran
Sanaz Behboudi Nazhame Massoud Siyyari Gholamreza AbbasianAlthough many studies have documented the impact of fairness on enhancing students’ learning, only a few have been done in language learning situation in general and in the Iranian EFL context, in particular. Therefore, this study sought to investigate fairness in MoreAlthough many studies have documented the impact of fairness on enhancing students’ learning, only a few have been done in language learning situation in general and in the Iranian EFL context, in particular. Therefore, this study sought to investigate fairness in the context of the Iranian General English University Entrance Examination (Konkoor) to see the extent to which it is a fair measure of the candidates’ English language ability in terms of admission requirements, format, structure, and content. The researchers developed a questionnaire called EUEE, containing two sections: a demographic box and close-ended items with a 5-point Likert-type scale asking respondents to express their opinions. The findings showed that while the majority of respondents agreed that the EUEE met the standards of corporate responsibility and no-test product services, there were significant concerns about its validity, fairness, reliability, test design, equating, linking, norming, cut score, test administration, scoring, reporting, and test takers’ rights and responsibilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Modelling of Random Geometrical Imperfections and Reliability Calculations for Thin Cylindrical Shell Subjected to Lateral Pressure
N Rathinam B Prabu -
Open Access Article
94 - Stochastic Multiplicative DEA for Estimating Most Productive Scale Size
Hossein Dibachi -
Open Access Article
95 - The Effects of the CEO’s Perceptual Bias in Economic Decision-Making and Judgment on the Capabilities of the Financial Reporting Quality
Mohsen Heydari Mohammadreza Abdoli -
Open Access Article
96 - Development of closed-loop supply chain mathematical model (cost-benefit-environmental effects) under uncertainty conditions by approach of genetic algorithm
Sadegh Feizollahi Heresh Soltanpanah Ayub Rahimzadeh -
Open Access Article
97 - Designing the Optimal Model of Banking Assets and Liabilities Management based on System Dynamics Approach
fatemeh Taheri Mohammad Setayesh mohammad hasan janani mahmoud hematfar -
Open Access Article
98 - Replacing IFRS instead of Iranian accounting standard
Seyyed Mohammad Ali Mirmasoumi Roya Darabi -
Open Access Article
99 - Investigation of Effects of Corporate Reporting Quality, Timeliness and Quantity for Disclosure and Reliability of Financial Reports on Stock Price Delay
Ahmad Hoseini -
Open Access Article
100 - Comparison of bauxite resources – geo-economical considerations
G. Komlóssy W. B. MorrisonIn order to meet the significantly increased metal demand of the world market, it has been decided to expand the capacity of the existing alumina refineries and to set up new plants (more than 2 Mt/a each). The selection among the bauxite sources is based on previous ex MoreIn order to meet the significantly increased metal demand of the world market, it has been decided to expand the capacity of the existing alumina refineries and to set up new plants (more than 2 Mt/a each). The selection among the bauxite sources is based on previous exploration data, such as: tonnage, grade, mineralogy, etc., the geographical position of the deposit, existing natural and constructed infrastructure and the distance from deep water ports. Environmental and political risks are also investigated. Decision making is a complex task in which the close co-operation of professionals of the bauxite-alumina industry is needed. The authors specify the most determinant factors which are investigated for decision making and call attention to the fact that, in many cases, inconsistent data are compared as if they were equal in value or identical such as: the reliability of explorations made for deposits in various countries, and at different times is also different, the methods applied in reserve calculation and resource estimate are different, the qualitative criteria used for commercial grade ores are different, no numeric data are available showing the possible error in reserve calculation the terminology used for bauxite categories is also different.Adequate attention is never given for the further development of possible prospects; their investigation may be neglected in the selection. As a consequence, when different resources are compared, the geological risks (stability in bauxite production) cannot adequately be taken into account. For minimizing the transport costs (either the bauxite supply to the alumina plant or the alumina shipping to the smelter or both) the geographical position of the raw material is one of the most significant economic factors in the value of the deposit. There are several regions in the world which are so rich in bauxite potential (West Africa, edge of the Guyana Shield in Venezuela and Brazil, the Amazon Basin in Brazil, Weipa Gove in Australia, Eastern Ghats in India, etc.) where new deposits should be explored as a function of their geographical position. The landsat interpretation has proved to be an excellent tool for establishing priorities among the options. The authors give a short review and comparison of the most significant regions and deposits focusing their interests on the: tonnage, grade and mineralogy, further prospects (undiscovered) deposits, infrastructure, distance from mine/deposits to the deep water ports, available alumina content (for a low or a high temperature procedure) for estimating the bauxite consumption per ton of alumina, soluble silica content for estimating the caustic soda consumption per ton of alumina, beneficiation cost in some cases, risk factors (geological, environmental, political and national) The authors conclude, that in spite of the fact that about 30 - 35 billion tons of bauxite have been registered so far as proved + probable reserves and a further 55 – 60 billion tons can be estimated as possible resources in the world, finding new resources in better geographical locations and their exploration may be advantageous. The new exploration data must be more reliable, as well. The costs of reconnaissance and exploration may be far below the haulage costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Construction and Validation of Dimensions and Components of the Organizational Anomie Scale in Order to Provide a Native Model in Government Hospitals
soodeh rafierad hasan ali aghajani Ghorbanali Agha ahmadi maryam rahmaty -
Open Access Article
102 - Implementation of two assessment models Based on Failure Rate and NDEA in production supply chains with the approach of choosing the right supplier
mehdi latifiee Morteza Shafiee -
Open Access Article
103 - Designing and implementation of a fuzzy-dynamic model to evaluate system’s risk and reliability
Majid VaziriSarashk Sohrab KhanMohammadi Mahmood Alborzi Seyed Mohammad Seyed Hoseini -
Open Access Article
104 - The Improvement of System Reliability Optimization Model and Finding an Optimal Solution
Seyed-Jafar Sadjadi Saeed Jafari -
Open Access Article
105 - The Improvement of System Reliability Optimization Model and Finding an Optimal Solution
Seyed Jafar Sadjadi Saeed Jafari -
Open Access Article
106 - The Validity، Reliability and Factor Structure of the Short Version of Attitude toward Women Scale
Negar Sadeghi Negar Sadeghi Alireza Moradi Shahram MohammadkhaniThe aim of the present study was to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the 15-items short version of Attitude toward Women Scale (AWS) (Spence & Helmreich, 1978). The Persian short version of AWS was administrated on Kharazmi students (150 fem MoreThe aim of the present study was to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the 15-items short version of Attitude toward Women Scale (AWS) (Spence & Helmreich, 1978). The Persian short version of AWS was administrated on Kharazmi students (150 females, 100males)that was selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling. The validity of the scale was assessed by Explanatory factor analysis and convergent validity. Explanatory Factor analyses indicated one factor model. Moreover, convergent validity of the AWS with the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) was satisfactory .also The Cronbach’s alpha(0/60) and item-rest correlations indicated that reliability of the scale was satisfactory. According to these results, The Persian short version of Attitude toward Women Scale (AWS) may be a useful tool in assessing gender role attitudes and can be used gender studies in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - برآورد و بررسی آبدهی مطمئن مخزن سد اکباتان بر اساس سطح اعتمادپذیری نیازهای شرب و کشاورزی شهر همدان
کوشا خاتونی رضا فرزادبا رشد روز افزون خشکسالی­ های اخیر در کشور، مدیریت صحیح و درست منابع آب و اولویت ­بندی تخصیص بخصوص در شهر­هایی که وضعیت بحرانی قرار دارند از مسائل مهم و ضروری هستند. مقدار تخصیص آب در سدهای مخزنی در ماه­ های مختلف با توجه به ذخیره مخزن تعیین می ­شود. Moreبا رشد روز افزون خشکسالی­ های اخیر در کشور، مدیریت صحیح و درست منابع آب و اولویت ­بندی تخصیص بخصوص در شهر­هایی که وضعیت بحرانی قرار دارند از مسائل مهم و ضروری هستند. مقدار تخصیص آب در سدهای مخزنی در ماه­ های مختلف با توجه به ذخیره مخزن تعیین می ­شود. بنابراین هدف از انجام این پژوهش، برآورد و بررسی میزان اعتمادپذیری سد مخزنی اکباتان شهر همدان بر اساس نیاز آب شرب و کشاورزی است؛ که با توجه به آماره­ی بارش­ های سالانه این حوضه و مدل کردن شبیه ­سازی آبدهی مطمئن در محیط نرم ­افزاری MATLAB به بررسی این امر مهم و اساسی می ­پردازد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می ­دهد با شبیه­ سازی آبدهی مطمئن سد اکباتان، آبدهی این مخرن با توجه به داده آماری بارش، با هدف تـامین ۹۰ درصد نیـاز شرب و 80 درصد نیاز کشاورزی مخزن سد قادر به تامین این نیازها خواهد بود و می­توان گفت مدل آبدهی تعریف شده در این تحقیق با توجه به توانایی در کاهش کمبودها و جلوگیری از وقوع کمبودهای شدید، جهت تهیه منحنی فرمان بهره­ برداری از سدهای مخزنی مناسب می ­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Joint Maintenance and Spare Parts Inventory Planning (Case Study : Pre – Paint Shuttle Robot of an Automotive Company)
seyd mohamad reza aboalaghaey Davood Mohammaditabar Sadigh RaissiCarrying out maintenance planning for machine tools is one of the critical factors in reducing operating costs. Inventory management is a key element on the performance of the maintenance policy. Through current research, an integrated inventory control of spare parts a MoreCarrying out maintenance planning for machine tools is one of the critical factors in reducing operating costs. Inventory management is a key element on the performance of the maintenance policy. Through current research, an integrated inventory control of spare parts and maintenance scheduling is proposed to determine the maximum inventory level as well replenishment cycle (S,T), along with the determination of the optimal preventive maintenance period. The total cost associated with the maintenance system, such as the cost of periodical and emergency orders and the costs of inspections and repairs are minimized via the model objective function. To illustrate the capability and performance of the model, the results of applying the model into a case study is reported in an automotive pre-paint line for determining inventory control policies of a critical item. In addition, in order to analyze the stability of the results, the sensitivity of the variables to the changes in input parameters has been investigated. Based on the results, the total cost is affected by the failure rate, the lead time period, and the cost of replacing defective items. In this regard, the system is more sensitive to failure rate and the lead time. In the case of constant failure rates, applying the proposed method might be successful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Presenting a New Approach to Improve Effectiveness and Select the Most Critical Equipment Using Data Mining, Fuzzy DEMATEL, FMEA and FTA Approaches
Mohammad Ehsanifar Nima Hamta Parisa BolhasaniTaking attention to reliability and maintenance management conception has substantially significantly increased over the recent decades. This paper proposes and integration of DATA MINING, Fuzzy DEMATEL, and FMEA technique in order to improve the reliability and effecti MoreTaking attention to reliability and maintenance management conception has substantially significantly increased over the recent decades. This paper proposes and integration of DATA MINING, Fuzzy DEMATEL, and FMEA technique in order to improve the reliability and effectiveness of maintenance management in Shazand Petrochemical Company. Firstly, the most critical cluster is selected among final clusters obtained from software by utilizing DATA MINING technique. Secondly, Fuzzy DEMATEL technique is used to identify a collection of most critical and most effective equipment of critical cluster under fuzzy condition. Finally, the FMEA and FTA techniques applied to identify the risks numbers and the main causes of the failure and then the solution will be proposed to solve the problems and improve the system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Development and Evaluation of Divorce Fields Questionnaire according to Iranian Social and Cultural Conditions
Parastoo Taghavi Dinani Fariborz Bagheri Javad KhalatbariiDivorce is an increasingly destructive phenomenon in today's societies that has many negative economic, social, emotional and psychological consequences for divorced people. Therefore, present study aimed to development and evaluation of divorce fields questionnaire acc MoreDivorce is an increasingly destructive phenomenon in today's societies that has many negative economic, social, emotional and psychological consequences for divorced people. Therefore, present study aimed to development and evaluation of divorce fields questionnaire according to Iranian social and cultural conditions. The present study was mixed (qualitative and quantitative) of exploratory type with a testing approach. The study population in the qualitative part was the divorced men and women and in the quantitative part were the married women and men of Tehran city in 2018 year. The research sample in the qualitative part was 15 divorced people who were selected by purposeful sampling method and were semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part were 560 married people who were selected by multistep cluster sampling method and responded to research-made tool of divorce fields. Data were analyzed in qualitative section with Straus and Corbin method and in quantitative section with exploratory factor analysis method in SPSS-21 software. Initially the instrument had 145 items which 3 items were deleted based on pilot on a 30 people and 142 items version was administered on 560 people. The face and content validity of instrument was confirmed by expert opinion. After factor analysis 11 items were deleted and the final version designed with 141 items and 5 factors including effective psychological factors on conflict, external criterion, affective-criterion perplexity, emotional immaturity and avoidance problem solving style. The reliability of factors of effective psychological factors on conflict 0/97, external criterion 0/72, affective-criterion perplexity 0/72, emotional immaturity 0/74 and avoidance problem solving style 78/0, which indicate the appropriate reliability of the factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Standardization of Averill's Emotional Creativity
Mehrdad SabetBackground: Creative emotional responses have different levels and types. At the lowest level, emotional creativity is an application of previous emotions which are accepted in a culture. At the more complex level, the responses include moderation and alteration of the MoreBackground: Creative emotional responses have different levels and types. At the lowest level, emotional creativity is an application of previous emotions which are accepted in a culture. At the more complex level, the responses include moderation and alteration of the standard emotion. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the reliability, validity, and standardization of Averill's Emotional Creativity scale among undergraduate students in Islamic Azad University (IAU) Roudehen Branch. Method: It is a descriptive study. The sample included 300 students in Islamic Azad University, Roudehen branch who were randomly selected using staged sampling method. Findings: The results of the study indicated that the coefficient of relationship between Torrance Test of Creative Thinking and Averill's emotional creativity scale was 0.74 which showed a concurrent validity. In order to test the reliability, the index of any item was compared with the total index. Factor analysis was run with maximum likelihood solution, Varimax method, and Eigen value over 1. The results of KMO-Bartlett revealed the sample size adequacy. To determine the appropriate number of factors for Averill's Emotional Creativity, the matrix of explained variance was used. In this matrix, the factors over 1 were considered as independent factors. The results indicated 8 constructs (items) with high loading factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Validating and Factor Structure of Basadr Creative Problem Solving Test
Hossein Zare Hamid Reaz Imanifar Imanifar Ali Mostafaee Majid Baradarn Background: creative problem solving model began in1926 with Wallace's work and, now one of the most respected creative problem solving model is owned by M Basadr. Purpose: the purpose of this study is validating and the factorial structure of questionnaire of a More Background: creative problem solving model began in1926 with Wallace's work and, now one of the most respected creative problem solving model is owned by M Basadr. Purpose: the purpose of this study is validating and the factorial structure of questionnaire of a 16 item of Basadr Creative Problem Solving. Method: research community, were all students of Payam Noor University of Fasa. Some 180 girls and 140 boys were selected with cluster sampling method. Results: test - retest (r = 0/762) and alpha ( = 0/884) showed an acceptable Reliability of the test. The results of Cronbach Alpha test showed that there is no need to remove any item. Torrance Creativity Test was correlated with Flexibility subscales (p <0/01 & r = 0/603), Fluency (p <0/01 & r = 0/596)) and Originality (p <0/01 & r = 0/464) demonstrated acceptable validity of Basadr creative problem solving. Factor analysis indicated that five factors greater than 1, have 71/049% of the variance in the 16 items to explain. The rotation matrix of the data indicated that all items are included and need not it be removed from the questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis results also showed that the chi-square per degree of freedom, goodness of fit index increased (CFI) and root mean square residual (RMSEA) is acceptable. Conclusion: Basadr 16-question test is a valid tool for the assessment of creative problem solving. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Environmental hazards of construction debris caused by earthquakes on the outskirts of Tehran
Aliasghar Amir KardoustIn the event of an earthquake environmental hazard, reinforced concrete buildings in Tehran, in addition to destroying and inflicting extensive human and financial losses, will lead to the production of construction debris and mass debris. In this study, the reliability MoreIn the event of an earthquake environmental hazard, reinforced concrete buildings in Tehran, in addition to destroying and inflicting extensive human and financial losses, will lead to the production of construction debris and mass debris. In this study, the reliability analysis in 110 concrete buildings running in area one of Tehran with the assumption of variable compressive strength of concrete and yield strength of rebar has been investigated. That is, it has compared the flexural frame and the flexural frame with the shear wall. And this is slightly higher in shear walls. Also, in all tested rebar’s (environmentally friendly), the average yield strength was higher than the nominal strength. Regarding seismic performance, shear wall structure has less general and relative displacement than flexural frame structure. The results of reliability analysis showed that the use of shear wall system instead of bending frame can reduce damage to non-structural components and consequently reduce the production of construction debris and preserve the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Determination of Optimal Capacity and Location of Distributed Generations in Radial Distribution Systems using Krill Herd Algorithm
Aref Karimi Hossein shayeghi -
Open Access Article
115 - Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Units to Maintain CompleteObservability Considering Maximum Reliability by Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II)
bahman taheri Farzad Ghasemzade Payam Farhadi -
Open Access Article
116 - An analytical model for estimating the reliability of critical software systems by considering the self-healing property of bottleneck components
Ali Tarinejad Habib Izadkhah Mohammad Reza MollaHosieni Kamal Mirzaie -
Open Access Article
117 - Raising Power Quality and Improving Reliability by Distribution Network Reconfiguration in the Presence of Renewable Energy Sources
Mohamad Taghi Babajani BaghmisheZad Hosein NasirAghdam -
Open Access Article
118 - Psychometric indicators of the “students’ perceptions of classroom activities questionnaire”
mohammad mohammadipourAbstract: The present study aims to investigate the factorial validity and reliability of a “students’ perceptions of classroom activities questionnaire” made by Gentry, Gable and Rizza (2002). In this regard, the students’ perceptions of classro MoreAbstract: The present study aims to investigate the factorial validity and reliability of a “students’ perceptions of classroom activities questionnaire” made by Gentry, Gable and Rizza (2002). In this regard, the students’ perceptions of classroom activities questionnaire was carried out on 360 students (252 girls and 108 boys) who were selected through stratified sampling method from among the students of the Faculty of Humanities at Islamic Azad University of Quchan. In order to assess the questionnaire reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, and to determine the factorial validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was applied. In line with the results obtained by Gentry, Gable and Rizza (2002) and Karshky, et al. (2009, 2011), the present study showed that this questionnaire has acceptable internal consistency and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the test is 0.901 and for the subtests, it is between 0.662 and 0.91. Also, the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicate that the questionnaire structure has acceptable fit to the data and all the goodness of fit indices confirm the model (AGFI= 0.85, GFI= 0.90, RMSEA= 0.056, RMR= 0.07, CFI= 0.91). So, this questionnaire can be a useful tool for assessing students’ perceptions of classroom activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Study the effect of moral culture on the amount of reliability of internal auditors.
mohammad shorvarzi ali taghavi moghaddam hosein parsian Amir Shams KoloukhiThe research aimed to study the effect of moral culture on the amount of reliability of internal auditors. The population in the research is all internal auditors who work in Tehran Securities Exchange Corporations . Sampling in the research is cluster- accidental. The MoreThe research aimed to study the effect of moral culture on the amount of reliability of internal auditors. The population in the research is all internal auditors who work in Tehran Securities Exchange Corporations . Sampling in the research is cluster- accidental. The sample was determined from limited population with error level of 0.05 which waz about 113 people . There were four hypotheses . Measurement tool waz a standard questionnaire. The result reveals that perceptions of auditors from moral culture of an institute have effect on the amount of reliability of internal auditors and also its elements which are unwavering confidence ,confidence based on honesty , pervasive confidence. Due to the effect of important in moral culture on increasing the amount of reliability of internal auditors , it is shown that improvement of auditors' perception from moral culture can be a great step in promoting auditing job and should be considered by companies and managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Investigating psychometric characteristics of school attachment questionnaire
ali pezhohandeh valiallah farzad parvin kadivarThe present study tries to investigate psychometric characteristics of attachment to school questionnaire. To do this, a random sample of 380 high school students, both female and male, was selected. Cronbach alpha was used to determine the reliability and explora MoreThe present study tries to investigate psychometric characteristics of attachment to school questionnaire. To do this, a random sample of 380 high school students, both female and male, was selected. Cronbach alpha was used to determine the reliability and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out to determine the validity. The results show that the questionnaires has an acceptable internal consistency, the same as Mouton, et al.(1996). Factor analysis results also show that the questionnaire has fitting with the data. All Goodness of Fit Indices confirm the model. The questionnaire is consequently an effective instrument to study attachment to school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The investigation of validity and reliability of the School Attachment Questionnaire (SAQ)
علی Pajhohandeh ولی االله Farzad پروین KadivarThis study has investigated the validity and reliability of the SchoolAttachment Questionnaire (SAQ). 380 high school students inMashhad were completed the SAQ. Using Cronbach's Alpha forreliability and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, resultsshowed that, t MoreThis study has investigated the validity and reliability of the SchoolAttachment Questionnaire (SAQ). 380 high school students inMashhad were completed the SAQ. Using Cronbach's Alpha forreliability and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, resultsshowed that, the SAQ has appropriate internal consistency and a rangeof Alpha for the subscales in 0/80 to 0/83. Also, the results ofexploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and the Goodness offitness Indexes, demonstrate the structure of SAQ. So, this instrumentis a good questionnaire for evaluating the student's attachment toschool. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Psychometric indicators of the “students’ perceptions of classroom activities questionnaire”
mohamad mohamadiporThe present study aims to investigate the factorial validity and reliability of a “students’ perceptions of classroom activities questionnaire” made by Gentry, Gable and Rizza (2002). In this regard, the students’ perceptions of classroom activit MoreThe present study aims to investigate the factorial validity and reliability of a “students’ perceptions of classroom activities questionnaire” made by Gentry, Gable and Rizza (2002). In this regard, the students’ perceptions of classroom activities questionnaire was carried out on 360 students (252 girls and 108 boys) who were selected through stratified sampling method from among the students of the Faculty of Humanities at Islamic Azad University of Quchan. In order to assess the questionnaire reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, and to determine the factorial validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was applied. In line with the results obtained by Gentry, Gable and Rizza (2002) and Karshky, et al. (2009, 2011), the present study showed that this questionnaire has acceptable internal consistency and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the test is 0.901 and for the subtests, it is between 0.662 and 0.91. Also, the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicate that the questionnaire structure has acceptable fit to the data and all the goodness of fit indices confirm the model (AGFI= 0.85, GFI= 0.90, RMSEA= 0.056, RMR= 0.07, CFI= 0.91). So, this questionnaire can be a useful tool for assessing students’ perceptions of classroom activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - A Comparative Study of US, EU, and Iran Legal Approaches to Anti-Competitive Civil Liability
majid khalilpourgorgani javad niknejad behnam ghanbarporIn a free market economy, competitive rules are determined by the market itself. Competition causes the producer to improve the quality of the product, the consumer to provide it with the most suitable conditions. However, there are vertical and horizontal anti-competit MoreIn a free market economy, competitive rules are determined by the market itself. Competition causes the producer to improve the quality of the product, the consumer to provide it with the most suitable conditions. However, there are vertical and horizontal anti-competitive practices that are detrimental to this competition. The main question of the present study is what legal approaches at the level of the United States, the European Union and Iran to civil liability arising from anti-competitive practices? In the United States, there is currently a more legal approach to civil liability arising from vertical agreements. It is horizontally focused, while the European Union has the opposite position. Iran's legal approach can be considered as an intermediate approach according to the jurisprudential rules as well as the prevailing laws such as civil law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Guarantee Arising from Conducting Transactions Based on Confidential Information in the Stock Exchange
Shervin Zahedmanesh Alireza Rajabzadeh Estahbani Mohammad SadeghiConsidering the last part of Article 52 of the Securities Market Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as well as the existence of general rules and principles that exist regarding the necessity of acquiring property through religious and moral means, in principle, civil MoreConsidering the last part of Article 52 of the Securities Market Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as well as the existence of general rules and principles that exist regarding the necessity of acquiring property through religious and moral means, in principle, civil liability using confidential information does not seem doubtful, However, the principles of civil liability for damages in such an assumption are challenging and require careful discussion; Because the existence of civil liability requires proof of its basis. Rules such as the sanctity of false property in jurisprudence and the prohibition of unjustified possession in the law in question are the foundations that can be examined to prove the guarantee of persons who make a transaction based on such information. As a result, the cause that adds to the assets of the person using the confidential information is not legitimate, and such money must be returned according to the law and custom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Principles of Civil Liability for Harassment of Individuals' Financial Rights
farzad heidari alireza sharifi mohammad molodiIn principle, the harms of proximity to social life are inseparable and customary unity is tolerable. Property law has tried to regulate neighborhood relations in various ways (easement, neighbors' legal obligations); But if the neighbor's harassment causes harm, the is MoreIn principle, the harms of proximity to social life are inseparable and customary unity is tolerable. Property law has tried to regulate neighborhood relations in various ways (easement, neighbors' legal obligations); But if the neighbor's harassment causes harm, the issue of compensation arises. In many cases, no negative intent or misuse in the exercise of the right can be proven. However, on what basis should the damage to the neighbor be compensated? In Islamic law, various principles have been expressed to compensate for losses. Examining the issue in an analytical-descriptive manner, this result has been obtained. In all cases, with customary truth, the attribution of damages to the perpetrator of the loss, based on the No-Loss Rule, must compensate the damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Breach of Obligation to Provide Information in the Contractual Relations of Iranian-British Law
Shahram Ghasemi Seyyed Hekmatollah Askari Ranjbar Sahraiey MassoudRezaThe parties of a contract are required to express their available information to the other party. What is the legal nature of the obligation to inform, the fulfillment conditions and cases of its violation? The principle of good faith and the necessity of cooperation in MoreThe parties of a contract are required to express their available information to the other party. What is the legal nature of the obligation to inform, the fulfillment conditions and cases of its violation? The principle of good faith and the necessity of cooperation in contracts and agreements in creating a balance in the knowledge and position of the parties is the basis for the birth of this contractual obligation. The goal is to support the elimination of one-sided ignorance and establish balance and exchange justice. Based on the type of contracts, depending on whether we consider the obligation to provide information as an obligation by the means or the result, the violation of the obligation is of two types: positive (failure to express information effective in the conclusion or execution of contracts) and negative (failure to express information effective in the conclusion and execution of works). Divided and refrained from stating the facts, the civil liability of the contract is established based on the principle of full compensation for the damage and the balance of the position of the ignorant party against the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - The relationship between Interaction Types and Language Learning Styles
Zeinab Nazari Bahram Bagheri -
Open Access Article
128 - Reliability Measurement’s in Depression Detection Using a Data Mining Approach Based on Fuzzy-Genetics
Mohammad Nadjafi Sepideh Jenabi Adel Najafi Ghasem Kahe -
Open Access Article
129 - Improving the Performance of RPL Routing Protocol for Internet of Things
Zahra Aslani Hadi Sargolzaey -
Open Access Article
130 - Evaluation of Support Systems and Maintenance of Machinery for Road Construction and Construction Projects
Mohammad Safipoor Mohsen MohammadizadehRoad construction machinery has considerable importance in construction projects. Among the issues related to machinery, maintenance and repair are very important because maintenance and repairs (machines) are directly related to their costs as well as the overall cost MoreRoad construction machinery has considerable importance in construction projects. Among the issues related to machinery, maintenance and repair are very important because maintenance and repairs (machines) are directly related to their costs as well as the overall cost of the project. The repair method after the failure is replaced by other maintenance and repair methods that are currently used in many organizations. Reliable Maintenance and Maintenance (RCM) is a process that determines the maintenance and repair needs of equipment and machinery in working conditions so that each of this equipment performs its core tasks in the best possible manner. Instead of concentrating on cost reduction, this method focuses on increasing reliability, which means that costs have been reduced by improving reliability. Reducing maintenance costs is a good and timely maintenance. In this study, a case study of this method has been carried out during a one-year period at Jahad Nasr Sirjan Company and compared with a sample of Sarcheshme Copper Company, which would be acceptable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Monte Carlo Simulation to Compare Markovian and Neural Network Models for Reliability Assessment in Multiple AGV Manufacturing System
Hamed Fazlollahtabar Mohamma Saidi-Mehrabad -
Open Access Article
132 - Using NSGA II Algorithm for a Three Objectives Redundancy Allocation Problem with k-out-of-n Sub-Systems
mani sharifi Pedram Pourkarim Guilani mohammadreza shahriari -
Open Access Article
133 - Developing a New Decision Support System to Manage Human Reliability based on HEART Method
Rasoul Jamshidi -
Open Access Article
134 - A New Bi-objective Mathematical Model to Optimize Reliability and Cost of Aggregate Production Planning System in a Paper and Wood Company
Mohammad Ramyar Esmaeil Mehdizadeh Seyyed Mohammad Hadji Molana -
Open Access Article
135 - A Benders-Decomposition and Meta-Heuristic Algorithm for a Bi- Objective Stochastic Reliable Capacitated Facility Location Problem Not Dealing with Benders Feasibility-Cut Stage
AmirHossien ZahediAnaraki Gholamreza Esmaeilian -
Open Access Article
136 - Modelling and optimization of a tri-objective Transportation-Location-Routing Problem considering route reliability: using MOGWO, MOPSO, MOWCA and NSGA-II
Fariba Maadanpour Safari Farhad Etebari Adel Pourghader Chobar -
Open Access Article
137 - Availability analysis of a cooking oil production line
Afshin Yaghoubi Saeed Rahimi Roya Soltani Seyed Taghi Akhavan Niaki -
Open Access Article
138 - Design of Accelerated Life Testing Plans for Products Exposed to Random Usage
Kamyar Sabri-Laghaie Rassoul Noorossana -
Open Access Article
139 - Reliability Analysis of a Mounted Moldboard Plow Bottom Standard using the FORM Method
Seyed Mohammad Reza Nazemosadat Mojtaba Naderi-Boldaji Davoud Ghanbarian Mohammad Amin Nematollahi -
Open Access Article
140 - Stochastic analysis of k-out-of-n: G Type of Repairable system in Combination of Subsystems with Controllers and Multi Repair Approach
Vijay Singh P.K Poonia -
Open Access Article
141 - Failure Mode and Effect Analysis using Robust Data Envelopment Analysis (Case Study: Automobile Oil Filter)
Nasser Safaie Seyed Amir Nasri -
Open Access Article
142 - A Benders� Decomposition Approach for Dynamic Cellular Manufacturing System in the Presence of Unreliable Machines
Masoud Bagheri Saeed Sadeghi Mohammad Saidi-Mehrabad -
Open Access Article
143 - Reliability Modelling of the Redundancy Allocation Problem in the Series-parallel Systems and Determining the System Optimal Parameters
Mani Sharifi Mohsen Yaghoubizadeh -
Open Access Article
144 - Structural Drift Corresponding to the Critical Excitations
Mohammad Hosein Soltani Seyed Hooman Ghasemi -
Open Access Article
145 - The Assessment of the Relationship Between Resiliency and Hardiness with Imposter Syndrome.
Shohre Ghorban ShiroudiThe present research aims in standardizing a multidimensional anxiety scale in children among Iranian students. In this study, when the original transcript of MASC was translated into Persian, it retranslated then reviewed for correction and the final form provided for MoreThe present research aims in standardizing a multidimensional anxiety scale in children among Iranian students. In this study, when the original transcript of MASC was translated into Persian, it retranslated then reviewed for correction and the final form provided for implementation. The participants in this study include 10-16 Year old students (353 girls, 347 boys) studying in Tonekabon. The multi-stage procedure was used to pick up sample (classified and clustered random). To investigate the convergent validity, the students answered the questionnaires in Revised children’s manifested anxiety scale (RCMAS). To control scale reliability, it was utilized Cronbach coefficient. To calculate scale validity, factor analysis was used as main components analysis. To prepare the norm table, there were utilized Z & T balanced scores. Cronbach coefficient also was recorded 0.91 for the total scale. Implementing exploratory factorial analysis through varimax rotation revealed a robust eight-factor structure. Correlation coefficient was significant between the total score in multidimensional anxiety scale in children and RCMAS. The children’s multidimensional anxiety scale showed an appropriate validity and internal homogeneity among Iranian students, therefore it can be used for further studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Construction and examined the reliability and validity of diagnostic spelling test for students in the fourth grade of elementary school
Behrouz KarimiPurpose of this study examined the reliability and validity and spelling diagnostic test for fourth grade students is based. To do so, first from read the book based on fourth grade spelling test is that the two parts were designed. The basis of all fourth grade student MorePurpose of this study examined the reliability and validity and spelling diagnostic test for fourth grade students is based. To do so, first from read the book based on fourth grade spelling test is that the two parts were designed. The basis of all fourth grade students in Kermanshah were have been studying in 92-1391. 34 normal students and 33 LD students in the fourth grade who were dictated disorder were randomly selected. Test was designed to be read slowly and they wrote them. Data analysis showed that Cronbach's alpha reliability of the total test calculated with 97/0 to the desired reliability is obtained. In order to test the validity of Differentiated groups and the distinction between normal and LD power cut using ROC curve was used. Test results showed that the mean of the normal group was prepared in 16/97and mean group LD, 6/48 score of 20 is considerably different from each other and the p < 0/05 is significant. Hence, the validity of the test was verified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Psychometric properties of the Ryff,s scales psychological well-being among of firefighting employees
Hamid Ali Houmani Shirin Koshki Arezo Saemian This study psychometric properties of the Ryff,s scales psychological well-being and relationship with job Burnout Inventory among of Firefighting employees. For this purpose, among all Firefighting employees in Teh More This study psychometric properties of the Ryff,s scales psychological well-being and relationship with job Burnout Inventory among of Firefighting employees. For this purpose, among all Firefighting employees in Tehran, the number of 427 participants were selected by accidental sampling method. Ryff,s scales psychological well-being which is made of 71 items, was administrated on the sample. Because of the negative and weak correlation with total score and weak factor loading, one items were omitted. The reliability coefficient of Cronbach’s α for 70 item was 0.895. Using the principle component analysis and oblimin rotation, six factors extracted which explain 43.12 percent of the total variance of variables.These six factors include self acceptance, positive relation with others, envoironmental mastry, purpose in life, autonomy, personal growth. For concurrent validity, the correlation between the Ryff,s scales psychological well-being and job Burnout Inventory(Maslach)was calculated. Correlation between Ryff,s scales psychological well-being factors with job Burnout Inventory(Maslach)was statistically significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - The Survey Psychometric Properties of Quality of Marriage Questionnaire
Hayedeh Sabery Khadijeh Abolmaali This study was conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the quality of marital satisfaction scale in Iran. In a cross-sectional study, 520 couple in Tehran were assessed using Index of marital satisfaction (IMS) Hudson and quality of marita More This study was conducted to examine the psychometric properties of the quality of marital satisfaction scale in Iran. In a cross-sectional study, 520 couple in Tehran were assessed using Index of marital satisfaction (IMS) Hudson and quality of marital satisfaction. Data were analyzed with correlation coefficients and factor analysis. The results of the factor analysis revealed one factor for quality of marital satisfaction. The results of the other convergent scales showed confirmatory validity and pertinent exploration of the questionnaire. To determine the reliability, Kronbach,s alpha was used, and it was 0/92. The findings of this study show that the Persian version of the quality of marital scale is reliable and valid for Iranian couples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Analysis of psychometric properties of the Persian version of the scale of parents' educational expectations and aspirations
Hamideh Abaszadeh Malahat Amani Tyibe RahimiThis study was conducted to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of parents' educational expectations and aspirations scale. The method is survey type. The statistical population was parents of the first secondary school students in Faruj city MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of parents' educational expectations and aspirations scale. The method is survey type. The statistical population was parents of the first secondary school students in Faruj city in 2021. The samples were selected using the cluster sampling method. Two separate samples were used to perform exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The number of samples in the exploratory analysis was 329 people and in the confirmatory factor analysis 250 people. The parents of the students completed the scale of educational expectations and aspirations of the parents. Internal consistency, test-retest, and split-half methods were used to check reliability. Reliability values for internal consistency, split­- half, and test-retest were obtained 0.82, 0.77, and 0.74, respectively. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used for construct validity. In the exploratory analysis, the range of factor loadings was at an acceptable level. The calculation results of the KMO test were equal to 0.882 and the result of the Bartlett test was equal to 3775.677. In the confirmatory factor analysis were confirmed factors of expectations and valuing education, readiness for academic progress, educational evaluation, and stability of expectations and aspirations. The results of fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model had an acceptable fit. Therefore, the scale of educational expectations and aspirations of parents has the necessary psychometric properties for the Iranian sample. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Construction and Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the Moral Characteristics Scale in Girls
Ali KhademiThe purpose of this study was to construct and investigate the psychometric properties of the Moral Characteristics Scale. The research method was correlational and exploratory factor analysis. The study population included all female high school students in Urmia MoreThe purpose of this study was to construct and investigate the psychometric properties of the Moral Characteristics Scale. The research method was correlational and exploratory factor analysis. The study population included all female high school students in Urmia. In this study, 528 people were selected by cluster sampling method and the Linden Moral Characteristics Scale and Moral Transformation Test were used. In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis was used. Based on exploratory factor analysis, 12 ethical factors were extracted based on punishment, reward, social approval, law, social contracts, internalized ethics, command, cognitive inference, religious etiquette, observational learning, moral sensitivity and moral executive skills. In total, the extracted factors were able to explain 61.01% of the total variance of the test. Content validity, structural validity and factor analysis were used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. The obtained indices showed acceptable validity. Cronbach's alpha method was used to calculate the reliability. The reliability of the whole scale was 0.72. The results of this study show that the psychometric properties of the prepared scale have the necessary capabilities and can be used in the field of measuring the moral characteristics of female high school students. The existence of this instrument (scale) can be useful in producing research on the psychology of ethics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Validity and Reliability of Quality of life test among Ahwaz Older Adults in 2016
Abdolrahim Asadollahi Ali Ismaeli Laleh Fani-SaberiThis study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of SF-36 within aged population of Ahwaz city in the southwest of Iran in 2016. The method of the study is descriptive. The samples size is 763 older adults from the 8 municipal zones of Ahwaz city. The internal v MoreThis study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of SF-36 within aged population of Ahwaz city in the southwest of Iran in 2016. The method of the study is descriptive. The samples size is 763 older adults from the 8 municipal zones of Ahwaz city. The internal validity and homogeneity of variances were confirmed and using factor analysis the internal contingency of factors verified. The results show that, there is significant relation between general health and quality of life and it was affected respectively by frailty, mental health, and social activity. The general health was the main factor which enhances and predicts the quality of life of elders. It means that the healthy older adults have the better quality in their everyday life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Investigating the Fundamentals and Dimensions of juridical , Legal Responsibility in Sport
Jafar Moazen_ Raziyan Elahe Medadi _Nansa Ebrahim HamzehzadehLaw science deals with all aspects of human life. Increasing the legal awareness of the sports community in order to prevent the occurrence of sports incidents. Sports rights are defined as the set of materials that clarify the legal duties and responsibilities of all t MoreLaw science deals with all aspects of human life. Increasing the legal awareness of the sports community in order to prevent the occurrence of sports incidents. Sports rights are defined as the set of materials that clarify the legal duties and responsibilities of all those involved in sports activities. In this article, in addition to the jurisprudential office, the legal in order to prevent and sport by raising the legal awareness of the sports community and informing the society about the legal consequences of the violations in the field through familiarity with the laws and jurisprudential laws Gets According to the laws of Iran and jurisprudence, in sporting activities, there will be no criminal liability with respect to related laws, but there is no reason to remove civil liability from such a person, but if there are civil liability elements in him, according to the materials contained in his civil liability law Will be responsible. In the event that the athlete's mistakes are triggered and the assailant is forced to pay the Diyah, civil and criminal liability will be mixed. Many lawyers, paragraph E, also consider Article 158 of the Islamic Penal Code of 1392 civil liability. The results of this paper have been obtained by using the documentary method and also by collecting information from the library method and studying the jurisprudential and legal texts and the regulations of the sports federations and some rules such as the legislator's permit, the act of giving and the principle of vindication. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Civil liability in competition law and intellectual property law in Islamic law and the European Union
yahya mirzamohammadi fard garakhanlou naser masuodi مصطفی نوراللهیDue to the many formal and substantive differences in competition law and its consequent impact on intellectual property, it has been very difficult to achieve international coordination in this area. In today's civil liability systems, pure and proxy responsibilities a MoreDue to the many formal and substantive differences in competition law and its consequent impact on intellectual property, it has been very difficult to achieve international coordination in this area. In today's civil liability systems, pure and proxy responsibilities are increasing day by day, while such a responsibility does not have much deterrent effect, because in pure liability, a person who is cautious may still be held responsible, and in proxy liability, such as The fault is committed by another person, the person in charge, no matter how careful, can not prevent the damage. Personal responsibility is also based on objective guilt in many cases, they can not help prevention. The Civil Liability Law in 1339, by inserting Article 8, declared any damage to the dignity and credibility of individuals to be claimable. In 1983, the Law on Penalties for Conspiracy and Fraud in Business and Commerce allocated Articles 120 to 125 to this issue. With the approval of the section on punishments and deterrents to the Islamic Penal Code in 1375, only Articles 529 and 530 have been mentioned regarding forgery. EU law also provides for civil liability in competition law and intellectual property rights, and provides for remedial action for damages resulting from errors and omissions. This article seeks to examine the issue of civil liability in competition law and intellectual property law in Islamic law and the European Union in a descriptive-analytical manner. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - The role of an irregularity in the civil liability of producers
ronak sharifi reza nikkhah siamak afarzadehConstitutive provisions imply the removal of liability through warning. According to this rule, if the behavior of a dangerous action does not give sufficient and sufficient warnings to the endangered audience, it is not responsible for the harm caused by the action. In MoreConstitutive provisions imply the removal of liability through warning. According to this rule, if the behavior of a dangerous action does not give sufficient and sufficient warnings to the endangered audience, it is not responsible for the harm caused by the action. In the context of the manufacturer's responsibility, the warning is considered to be a harmful substitute for the supply of goods and the collapse of the potential risks and disadvantages of the goods is a clear indication of the manner in which the cucumber can be traded to terminate the transaction and in addition to the customer any damage caused by This item can claim compensation and, on the other hand, if the seller or the manufacturer provides the necessary warning, he will not be held liable to the customer by virtue of a statutory liability. The amount of warnings required for consumer awareness according to the type of product offered is the standard behavior of the manufacturer of the same type of goods, according to the standards for each section. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - A Legal and Jurisprudential Perspective on the Challenge of Financial Compensation for Spiritual Damage in Courts
فاطمه السادت حسینی Mahmoud Ghaumzadeh Mohamm RahbarPourIslam,like every ideological or belief system is based on a philosophy, the entirety of which,from its existence to its general perspective to human, society, and the world beyond, indicates the specific intellectual system of the adherents of that school. Besides, law, MoreIslam,like every ideological or belief system is based on a philosophy, the entirety of which,from its existence to its general perspective to human, society, and the world beyond, indicates the specific intellectual system of the adherents of that school. Besides, law, due to its own philosophy,has a particular attitude toward the element of loss in human relations, since it is a source of violation of the rights of individuals and society.Thus, what we aim to say in the field of legislation and Tashri'(Islamic legislation), in the first place, is that in case of damage, if the divine legislator(God)does not establish a rule,it cannot be inferred that the issue is out of the domain of the legal system, because the lack of guarantee in compensation for spiritual damage causes the aggrieved party to suffer loss, and therefore,the no-harm rule will deny the lack of guarantee. However, rational unconsciousness holds that there is a guarantee and the damaging party will, in general, be liable to pay compensation.In this paper, with an approach to the no-harm rule, we attempt to study the way of its practical application in the face Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - A Comparative Study on the Theoretical Foundations, Objectives and Practices of Compensation in Civil Liability; in Iranian, French and British Laws
Ahmad Mirzaei Garmi Alireza Lotfi Dodaran Mozaffar BashokouhThe most important purpose of civil liability is compensation, but examining the theoretical underpinnings of compensation is the introduction to the discussion of compensation for loss. However, the principle of bindingness for compensation, as one of the fundamental p MoreThe most important purpose of civil liability is compensation, but examining the theoretical underpinnings of compensation is the introduction to the discussion of compensation for loss. However, the principle of bindingness for compensation, as one of the fundamental principles of civil liability law, has been accepted in Iranian law by some jurists and legal systems, including France and the United Kingdom. However, each of the aforementioned legal systems has adopted different approaches to achieving such a goal. On the contrary, the Iranian legislator did not have a clever and systematic view of civil liability and its objectives, and has not established a coherent system, so that neither the conventional theories nor the judicial procedures in Iranian civil liability law are in line with nature of compensation. Therefore, in this article, in a descriptive-analytical and comparative approach, theoretical foundations, goals and methods of compensation are reviewed, to help establishing a proper civil liability system and remedy legal gaps in the proper implementation of the provisions on compensation in Iranian legal system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Jurisprudence and Legal Investigation non- government liability for acts of authority
yaser rezaee Ali asghar HadidiAbstractNon-Government liability for acts of authority that result of article 11of civil liability low is a jurisprudential and legal topic. Non- government liability results in overthrow of right of ordinary citizen, so this paper tries to explain and criticize law of MoreAbstractNon-Government liability for acts of authority that result of article 11of civil liability low is a jurisprudential and legal topic. Non- government liability results in overthrow of right of ordinary citizen, so this paper tries to explain and criticize law of Iran's Non- government liability for acts of authority. It has observed that this topic has history and jurisprudential and legal aspect. According to history point, Non- government liability for acts of authority is unacceptable because base of it is abolished. . According to legal point, Government’s Immunity from responsibility conflicts with some other Iranian laws and leads to i Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Examining the jurisprudential rule of tasbib in creating a guarantee for third parties in vehicle accidents
ramez abedi parvin akbarine Ali gharibeIn traffic accidents , liability is attributed to the person who is directly involved in the chain of legal acts , and is the perpetrator of the offence ( recklessness, negligence, lack of skills , and failure to observe governmental rules) according to the doctrine of MoreIn traffic accidents , liability is attributed to the person who is directly involved in the chain of legal acts , and is the perpetrator of the offence ( recklessness, negligence, lack of skills , and failure to observe governmental rules) according to the doctrine of fault ( with certain exceptions) . There are no provisions in Iranian Law for civil liability of third parties(owner, possessor, contractor , etc. ) who provides the vehicle to a person without a driving license . However , civil liability for such persons is expected according to the religious principle of "causation ,” which follows the sequence of other causes . In other words , although these persons were not directly involved in the accident, their action in “providing the vehicle” is a prelude and cause for the act . This article will evaluate such a cause in a sequence of other causes according to the religious principle of causation.The result of the present research shows that basically third parties (owners, occupiers, employers, dependents, etc.) are responsible for the occurrence of an accident and, accordingly, they are responsible for compensating for the damage caused by the legal and jurisprudential basis and as a cause during the causes. It is an accident. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - The legal juridical examining of issuing check to representation and the resulting responsibility in securing the place of check
Seyed Mohsen Jalali afsaneh Khakshoor gharagegheh mohammad ali saeediAbstractA check is a commercial, valid and legal document with a certain amount by the bank, which, as a religious document, indicates that the issuer owes the amount of the check.Due to the difference of opinion among jurists regarding the nature of the check, they are MoreAbstractA check is a commercial, valid and legal document with a certain amount by the bank, which, as a religious document, indicates that the issuer owes the amount of the check.Due to the difference of opinion among jurists regarding the nature of the check, they are known for being draftThe conclusion of this research, which has been compiled by descriptive-analytical method based on library data and content analysis, is that the validity of the issuance of a check by a legal representative depends on its completion within the scope of delegation authority and legitimacy to issue it.in provision 19 and waver 2& 3 of provision 5 The law of check Issue amendment approved 97 considers the liability of exporters as a guarantee, that its reason can be considered in the protection of the rights of the creditor in the event of insolvency or bankruptcy or escape of one of the exporters.Although in the jurisprudence of Imamiyyah and civil law, the theory of quotation of acquittance prevails for joint and several liability, but in the jurisprudence of general jurisprudence and the law of commerce, the theory of quotation of acquittance ofaddition prevails for the joint and liability.The novelty of this article is liability of the account holder and the legal representative to the holder of the check as a global commercial document based on jurisprudence and the law in question.Keywords: Check, Remittance, Representation, Securities, Liability Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Insurability of the loss Cossed by the State of the Art from the perspective of Islamic law and jurisprudence
Hadi Aghapour hosein bieghi mokhtar NeamAbstractThe emergence of new and emerging risks and the resulting damages caused by these risks have made the insurance industry face various challenges. One of these existing risks that is unknown and covers a wide range of issues is the risk of the development of scie MoreAbstractThe emergence of new and emerging risks and the resulting damages caused by these risks have made the insurance industry face various challenges. One of these existing risks that is unknown and covers a wide range of issues is the risk of the development of science and technology as possible. In the field of production and supply of goods, there are risks that the current human knowledge is unable to recognize, but with the progress of science, the defects and dangers of the said goods can be discovered, these risks cause huge and sometimes irreparable financial and physical losses due to Failure to predict such risks in Iran's legal system has practically kept the method of compensating the mentioned damages silent and is part of the challenging issues in the field of civil liability, which is appropriate for the legislature to include the damages caused by development risks under insurance coverage.Therefore, the current research aims to support production and knowledge-based companies and restore the economic system and by using the experiences of other existing legal systems in the field of covering damages caused by the described risks in an analytical and descriptive manner using library tools and relying on applications. And jurisprudential generality and the use of legal capacities intend to emphasize the insurability of damages caused by the risk of science and technology development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Jurisprudential-legal review of the responsibility of sports coaches with an emphasis on martial sports coaches
Reza Noori Ali Chahcandi mohammad razaviExercise is one of the effective educational and moral ways, especially for young people. Exercise strengthens and excels human beings both physically and mentally. Politically and socially, victory in sports fields and campaigns is a useful way to propagate and prove n MoreExercise is one of the effective educational and moral ways, especially for young people. Exercise strengthens and excels human beings both physically and mentally. Politically and socially, victory in sports fields and campaigns is a useful way to propagate and prove national credibility. With the increasing number of sports operations and the widespread acceptance of sports by people and, consequently, the increase in the rate of injuries during sports, the issue of civil liability in sports is emerging. Among these, martial arts are different from other sports in terms of causing physical injuries due to the many physical conflicts that they have during exercise. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical, which has been done mainly by using first-hand research sources and reading jurisprudential-legal sources. Martial arts coaches have responsibilities for performing their duties in the field of sports, if they do If their duties are neglected, they will have civil liability, which may be due to the coach's act or omission. The responsibility of a martial arts instructor is the instructor's obligation to compensate the damage caused to another as a result of his or her act or omission. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that directly cause the responsibility of martial arts instructors. Therefore, by defining the duties of coaches, the scope and scope of these responsibilities will be determined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - The role of fault in causality authentication in the physician's civil liability
FARHAD ESMAEILI Hassan pashazadeh mokhtar Neam rahim vakilzadeIn line with the main approach of other legal institutions for maintaining public discipline, the philosophy of civil liability is also based on compensation and providing the maximum possibility of restoring the situation to the previous state before the loss and final MoreIn line with the main approach of other legal institutions for maintaining public discipline, the philosophy of civil liability is also based on compensation and providing the maximum possibility of restoring the situation to the previous state before the loss and finally achieving the lost discipline. Meeting the mentioned philosophy, the importance of causality relationship has been less considered from the beginning so that it has been thought that proving no fault will remove the defendant’s liability. The difficulty of proving fault caused by the multitude of unknowns in physician’s civil liability claims and lack of familiarity of plaintiff with medical subtleties- as expected - has caused the discussions to focus on the fault and neglect the element of causality relationship. Therefore, this focus has increased the rejected lawsuits of physician’s civil liability and has disturbed the philosophy of physician’s civil liability. The fact is that in the area of the discussed liability, fault is not the only possibility of authentication of causality relationship and it is possible for the physician to be recognized as liable even without committing the fault because of special nature of medicine. It is available in the juridical records and legal texts.This research is theoretical and research methodology is descriptive and analytical and data collection method is library research by referring to the documents, books and papers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - بررسی تماس بین فرهنگی بین دانشجویان زبان خارجی ایرانی: اعتبارسنجی پرسشنامه
بهروز سربخشیان مهناز سعیدی توران آهوردر سالهای اخیر ارتباط بین فرهنگی در بین دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار شده است. بنابراین این مطالعه تلاش برای اصلاح و اعتبارسنجی پرسشنامه ای است که به عنوان ابزاری برای استخراج منابعی استفاده شود که دانشجویان زبان خارجه ایرانی اطلاعات بین فرهنگی خو Moreدر سالهای اخیر ارتباط بین فرهنگی در بین دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار شده است. بنابراین این مطالعه تلاش برای اصلاح و اعتبارسنجی پرسشنامه ای است که به عنوان ابزاری برای استخراج منابعی استفاده شود که دانشجویان زبان خارجه ایرانی اطلاعات بین فرهنگی خود را به دست می آورند. برای رسیدن به این هدف ، نسخه اصلاح شده پرسشنامه پنگ و وو با 26 گزینه و پنج عامل در بین 200 دانشجوی دختر و پسر زبان خارجه ایرانی از موسسات مختلف زبان اجرا شد. برای بدست آوردن پایایی و روایی پرسشنامه اصلاح شده، تحلیل های آماری مدل و برازش پرسشنامه از طریق نرم افزار Smart PLS3 انجام شد. نتایج تحلیل های پایایی با استفاده از سه مقیاس آلفای کرونباخ، پایایی ترکیبی و شاخص متوسط واریانس استخراج شده نشان داد که پرسشنامه دارای پایایی خوبی می باشد. بعلاوه، نتایج شاخص Q² نشانگر روایی سازه پرسشنامه می باشد. همچنین نتایج ماتریس ضریب همبستگی و مقادیر p برای همه متغییرهای پنهان نشان می دهد که همه مسیرها و روابط مدل معنی دار هستند و مدل دارای برازش مناسبی می باشد. این مطالعه همچنین کاربرد چنین پرسشنامه ای را در آموزش زبان انگلیسی آشکار می کند و پیشنهاداتی را برای مطالعات آینده ارائه می دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - بررسی تاثیر میزان درک وتجربه مصححان برسنجش مهارت نگارش در زبان دوم
هومن بیژنیآموزش مصححان در اعتبار سازه ی آزمون های نگارش بسیار حائز اهمیت است. دلیل این اهمیت این است که از طریق آموزش، مصححان به استفاده از توانایی دانش آموزان بجای معیار های شخصی در ارزیابی مهارت نگارش تغییر رویه می دهند. با وجود آنکه مباحث زیادی در رابطه با سنجش مهارت نگارش مطر Moreآموزش مصححان در اعتبار سازه ی آزمون های نگارش بسیار حائز اهمیت است. دلیل این اهمیت این است که از طریق آموزش، مصححان به استفاده از توانایی دانش آموزان بجای معیار های شخصی در ارزیابی مهارت نگارش تغییر رویه می دهند. با وجود آنکه مباحث زیادی در رابطه با سنجش مهارت نگارش مطرح شده، اما تحقیقات بسیار کمی به برسی نحوه ی نگرش مصححان و شیوه ی برخورد ایشان با برنامه ی آموزشی پرداخته اند. همچنین، مطالعات بسیار کمی تفاوتهای بین مصححان آموزش دیده و مصححان آموزش ندیده در ارزیابی مهارت نگارش را مورد برسی قرار داده اند. علاوه بر آن، مطالعات کمی در حوزه ی سنجش مهارت نگارش، از متد قبل و بعد آموزش استفاده کرده اند. در این تحقیق به برسی میزان تاثیر و نحوه ی عملکرد برنامه ی آموزشی بر روی مصححان با تجربه و مصححان بی تجربه پرداخته شد. 12 مصحح شرکت کننده در این مطالعه تعداد 45 برگه نگارش را در سه مرحله ی قبل، بعد و در خلال برنامه ی آموزشی تصحیح کردند. همچنین، این برگه ها توسط مربی دوره ی آموزشی به منظور استفاده به عنوان معیار سنجش نیز تصحیح شدند. یافته های این تحقیق نمایانگر وجود ناهماهنگی گسترده تری در میان مصححان بی تجربه نسبت به مصححان با تجربه در مرحله ی قبل از اجرای برنامه ی آموزشی بود. اما پس از اجرای برنامه ی آموزشی، نتایج از وجود هماهنگی بسیار بالاتری در میان مصححان بی تجربه در مقایسه با مصححان با تجربه در این مرحله از برنامه ی آموزشی حکایت دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - بررسی پایایی و ساختار عاملی مقیاس فارسی ظرفیت خودتنظیمی در یادگیری لغت در محیط انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه در ایران
مریم طالب دعایی سید امیر حسین سرکشیکیان سید عبدالمجید طباطبائیمطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی پایایی و ساختار عاملی مقیاس فارسی ظرفیت خود تنظیمی در یادگیری واژگان درمحیط زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه در ایران انجام شد. برای این منظور، ابتدا پرسشنامه اصلی با استفاده ازروش ترجمه/ پس ترجمه به زبان فارسی ترجمه ونسخه فارسی در بین 43 دانش آ Moreمطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی پایایی و ساختار عاملی مقیاس فارسی ظرفیت خود تنظیمی در یادگیری واژگان درمحیط زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجه در ایران انجام شد. برای این منظور، ابتدا پرسشنامه اصلی با استفاده ازروش ترجمه/ پس ترجمه به زبان فارسی ترجمه ونسخه فارسی در بین 43 دانش آموز دبیرستانی پایلوت گردید ،و مشخص شد که ابزار مورد مطالعه پایایی درونی قابل قبول دارد ( 0,81 =آلفا) . در مرحله اصلی این مطالعه، یکنمونه متشکل از 1167 دانش آموز (پایه های نهم تا دوازدهم دبیرستان) در پانزده مدارس در سه شهرستان ایرانبه مقیاس فارسی پاسخ دادند. بر اساس نتایج، نسخه فارسی این مقیاس پایایی درونی قابل قبولداشت( 0,81 =آلفا). همچنین، ساختار عاملی نسخه فارسی با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایجنشان داد که مقیاس ترجمه شده از یک بعد با پنج زیر بعد تشکیل شده است که با ساختار عاملی پرسشنامهاصلی تفاوت دارد. یافته های این مطالعه نشان می دهد که نسخه فارسی مقیاس ظرفیت خود تنظیمی درراهبردهای یادگیری واژگان ابزاری با پایایی و روایی لازم برای اندازه گیری راهبرد های خود تنظیمی در یادگیریلغت در ایران است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Relation between Permission and Civil Liability
mohammad hadi mahdaviThere is an important issue in legal and jurisprudence discussions: Does possession of others' property permitted by the owner, with no voluntary waste, also brings about civil liability? Or does owner's permission remove liability? From the purport of some jurists' sta MoreThere is an important issue in legal and jurisprudence discussions: Does possession of others' property permitted by the owner, with no voluntary waste, also brings about civil liability? Or does owner's permission remove liability? From the purport of some jurists' statements, it is implied that possession of others' property permitted by the owner does not bring about civil liability. Some other jurists have also stipulated that permitted possession enjoys a fiduciary nature. On the other hand, from the statements of some jurists in some cases, it is inferred that possession of permitted property brings about civil liability. In permitted possession, although the possessor possesses a property with owner's permission, he will be liable for it. Jurists' statements in terms of the fact that whether or not owner's permission negates civil liability is not thus much clear and self-descriptive. They differ in different situations and implications. In this research, types of (absolute, trust, liability) permission were dealt with and this result was obtained that absolute permission does not negate liability. Therefore, those who believe that absolute permission brings about trust possession or removes possessor's civil liability are not right. Yet, if possession is free of charge, with no compensation, the permission will not be liable. On the other hand, is has been reviewed that if permission is granted in trust, this type of permission will cause possessor's removal of civil liability and trust possession, whether this permission is granted in the form of determinate or indeterminate contracts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Lapse and Vengeance Right
ali akbar izadifard mohammad mohseni fatemeh babniaprescription is a law principle which oversees the verdicts, trials and pronouncements and according to the significant effects it has in people's commercial and law relationship, it enjoys a particular judicial position based upon this principle's tenets, if the person Moreprescription is a law principle which oversees the verdicts, trials and pronouncements and according to the significant effects it has in people's commercial and law relationship, it enjoys a particular judicial position based upon this principle's tenets, if the person doesn't ask for the lawsuit during the determinate time in order to regain his rights, his rights will be evanesced or at least it may cause his lawsuit not to be listened and consequently this will result in negation of the person's ownership domination over his right. On the counter point, according to Shiite religious jurists, the right for taking vengeance will not be integrated and whenever the qualifications exist and there is no contradiction, it will be applicable. Since taking vengeance is considered as a right of creditor over debtor, presuming that we accept "prescription" there will be an evident conflict between the prescription principle and the right for taking vengeance. Religious jurists by referring to this principle that " الØقّ قدیم، لا یبطله الشئ" do not include the exertion of the right for vengeance within the 'prescription principle', so they consider it preferential to the 'prescription principle'. It seems that by affirming symptoms evidence, the right for vengeance will be negated and will not be applicable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - The Sanction for Breach of Contractual Obligations in Detriment of Third Parties
Reza Fotohi Rad Seyyed Mohammad Ghaboli Saeed MohseniAccording to the principle of privity of contract and that the contract does not establish any right or obligation with respect to third parties except in exceptional cases, this question arises that if breach of contractual obligation result in damages to the third par MoreAccording to the principle of privity of contract and that the contract does not establish any right or obligation with respect to third parties except in exceptional cases, this question arises that if breach of contractual obligation result in damages to the third parties what action or actions they can to do to prevent the losses or to claim compensation of damages? This study after analysis of different aspects about this issue, has achieved to this consequence that in cases that the sole solution for the prevention of damages to the third parties is binding the promisor to specific performance of contract, using such solution by the third party does not face any barrier. Moreover, in the case of occurrence of damages to the third party, he/she can exploit some rules such as deception and causation to claim the damages from the promisor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Nullity of Liability Condition in Limited Partnership Contract in Islamic Banking
Sadiq Elham hosseinali saadi hamid assadiOne of the bank contracts which is significant in both allocation and equipping of sources is limited partnership contract. The agent in this contract is considered as trustee and his claim on termination of stock without being excess or negligent is accepted. He would MoreOne of the bank contracts which is significant in both allocation and equipping of sources is limited partnership contract. The agent in this contract is considered as trustee and his claim on termination of stock without being excess or negligent is accepted. He would be agent‘s associate in both benefits and losses. Therefore this contract won’t have an economic justification in banking operations, so in order to keep limited partnership contract in banking contracts and also put the liability of stock on the agent, the Islamic researchers have suggested some solutions like condition of liability to be brought as an implicit alternative contract. However, two aspects are to be considered for validity of condition of liability first, it should not be against the exigency of the contract of liability and second it should not be opposing with Quran and narrations. Although some are arguing about the nullity of condition of liability if it is against the exigency of contract, we will try to review and discuss about that theory based on narrations and approaches of lawyers and Islamic scholars and finally we would suggest a new theory which is called “disaccord of condition of liability with Quran in limited partnership contractâ€. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Evaluating Juvenile Penal Code in Islamic Jurisprudence in Iran
jalalodin Ghiasi masoud heidariLimiting an exact age by presenting a determined criterion as to the beginning of the period when an under aged begins to behave like an adult and is considered as a liable person is of necessity in all legal orders, including the criminal law of the Islamic republic of MoreLimiting an exact age by presenting a determined criterion as to the beginning of the period when an under aged begins to behave like an adult and is considered as a liable person is of necessity in all legal orders, including the criminal law of the Islamic republic of Iran. Here, the issue of coming of age and being a responsible person in front of law, according to Quran verses is analyzed and compared with the legal and psychological opinions regarding the presented standards by the impeccable’s on puberty through verses in Quran specially the level of its comparison with puberty criterion and penal liability that exists in Iran which is implemented according to the ideological nature of religious laws in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Liability Caused by Nullity of Exchangeable Lawful Acts(in Law of Iran, Egypt, France and Imamieh Jurisprudence
nasrollah shameli ehsan aliakbari mohsen shakeriThe legislator, in all legal systems, considers some special conditions for the validity of lawful acts. In case of non – compliance of such conditions, we will meet various sanctions in terms of intensity and weakness, including: nullity (absolute or relative), lake MoreThe legislator, in all legal systems, considers some special conditions for the validity of lawful acts. In case of non – compliance of such conditions, we will meet various sanctions in terms of intensity and weakness, including: nullity (absolute or relative), lake of force, etc. In this dissertation, the concept of nullity of contracts and unilateral legal acts, and the consequences of their nullity will be studied. Furthermore, the dissertation conducts a comparative study in order to have more consideration on subject matter and also to make use of other legal systems, laws and regulations and their legal doctrines. Then we will carry out a comparative study of the laws of Egypt and France. The reason of choosing Egypt law for a comparative study, is its similarity with Iranian legal system from the viewpoint of following codified legal system and the effects of French legal system on civil and commercial regulations, as well as the attempts of both countries in utilizing jurisprudential doctrines in their legislating process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - The Islamic Verdict for the Larceny charge of Stealing Cooperative Properties
Aliakbar Izadifard Hassan Gholipour Ali Faghih Habibi Mojtaba Hosseinnezhad There is a disagreement among jurists about the Islamic verdict on those who are attained to a part-proprietorship, but one or more committed to steal those properties from the others. After reviewing the testimony and evidence received from jurists, More There is a disagreement among jurists about the Islamic verdict on those who are attained to a part-proprietorship, but one or more committed to steal those properties from the others. After reviewing the testimony and evidence received from jurists, the authors arrive at the conclusion that although the narrative developed by Abdullah bin Sanan implies that if one of the partners indulged to steal others properties by knowing that there is no permissibility for him to seize property without permission of the other partners, he would be subjected to HAAD punishment and that is when the stolen properties reach a quorum namely the one-fourth of a dinar which is required to make him worthy of hand amputation (according to correct quote) and if otherwise, he will not be subjected to hand amputation, it depends on whether or not the type of ownership has been specified in each part of property; according to cooperative properties policies. It also should be specified if there is a doubt whether the type of ownership, after the larceny is in compatible with that of before the larceny in each part of property. The Principle of Istishab (Presumption of Continuity) says that at the time of passing the verdict, it is necessary to consider the type of ownership even after the larceny. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - The Kind of Responsibility and Consequences of the Nullity of Commutative Contracts
Behzad Pourseyyed Mostafa Shafizadeh Mohammad SadeghiA discussion of sanctions relates to nonconformity with authenticity conditions of contracts called encounter such as invalidity and corruption. Basically, if the contract follows without substantive terms and such form conditions prescribed to be valid, it will be inva MoreA discussion of sanctions relates to nonconformity with authenticity conditions of contracts called encounter such as invalidity and corruption. Basically, if the contract follows without substantive terms and such form conditions prescribed to be valid, it will be invalid and respectively has no implication to this contract and subsequent enforcement has no effect. This study aims to review the concept of invalidity in Imamieh jurisprudence, Iranian law and the impact of these sanctions on swap contracts. Based on the concept of invalidity and responsibility arising from swap contracts, it can be concluded that with regard to the use of related concept between “invalidity” and “corruption”, we cannot cite compensation as a result of the invalidity of swap contracts, because there is no agreement to be regarded that person as person is liable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Fundamentals of Civil Liability of Government Financial Affairs according to Relative Jurisprudence and Law
Mohammad Adibi Mehr Eynollah SotaniThere are two well-known theories regarding the basis of civil liability presented by experts fault theory and risk theory. However these theories have problems preventing them from being responsive to today complicated relations. There are Hadiths and narratives in jur MoreThere are two well-known theories regarding the basis of civil liability presented by experts fault theory and risk theory. However these theories have problems preventing them from being responsive to today complicated relations. There are Hadiths and narratives in jurisprudence identifying the foundations of government civil liabilities, the most important of which is no-harm principle. In law, including constitution as well as other rules, there are principles and articles dealing with governmental civil liabilities. However, these articles recognize governmental civil liabilities merely in special cases. In the present study, first the general foundations of civil liabilities are studied; then the legal and jurisprudential principles of civil liabilities in financial affairs of the government are investigated. Finally, some considerable suggestions are presented in this regard indicating government failure in financial affairs; hence the government should take legal and official arrangements, so that no legal and real entities are harmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Legal Analysis of the Time`s Role in Occurrence of a Crime, Determining a Penalty and its Execution
Yavar Jalaeyan Saleh Mehdi momeni Ali Reza Sabrian Mohammad Rouhani MoghadamThis present paper has been written for the purposes of knowledge and evaluating the importance of the time`s role in committing a crime according to the legal view point; its data is collected by documentations method, and its data analysis is used wi MoreThis present paper has been written for the purposes of knowledge and evaluating the importance of the time`s role in committing a crime according to the legal view point; its data is collected by documentations method, and its data analysis is used with descriptive-analytical way. While examining the points of strength and weakness of the existing criminal statutes on the subject matter, it will be tried in this research to discuss the area of the concept of time requirements, its effect on the validity of penal code, lapse of time, analysis of relationship between time and criminal liability, the influence of time element on the punishment process and manner of adaptation a punishment to the time requirements, finally considering the relationship of time with some causes of punishment abolition. The results of this study states that the phenomenon of time and its requirements play a part, sometimes as a causative or procuring factor of a crime from a criminological perspective, and occasionally, its role is as a condition for the realization of the physical element of the crime, mitigating or aggravation of criminal liability and the factors of commutating, modifying, suspending or delaying the punishment from the criminal perspective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - The Nature and Effects of the Consent of the Lost in Imamieh Jurisprudence and Iranian Law
Ali Taghipourian javad niknejad Mehdi EsmaeiliThe most important position of civil responsibility in societies is more tangible and sensitive. On the other hand, the relationship of contracts with public order has also caused some restrictions. The effect of the consent of the lost in civil liability conflict, even MoreThe most important position of civil responsibility in societies is more tangible and sensitive. On the other hand, the relationship of contracts with public order has also caused some restrictions. The effect of the consent of the lost in civil liability conflict, even though is led to satisfaction. It is effective in some places and ineffective in other ones due to being against public order. Therefore, the accurate cognition of the lost satisfaction before and after occurrence of the loss in terms of effect and lack of influence and understanding other theoretical frameworks seem to be essential. On the other hand, the satisfaction of the lost with the assumption of maturity and accuracy which is not prohibited by law is also accepted by the intellectuals, rational, and the custom and conforms to the basis of the principle of sovereignty, and the will be in the rights and norm of the owner permission Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - An Investigation of Judicial and Legal Principles of Murder Par Omission in the Law of Iran with a Consideration of the Common Law Legal System
Hmzeh Baygi Harbagh Kumars KalantariMost jurisprudents believe that murder by omission gives rise to liability for the doer of the action in case of intent and with the assumption of capability. Jurisprudents have studied murder by omission (failure to act) under different rules of jurisprudence, such as MoreMost jurisprudents believe that murder by omission gives rise to liability for the doer of the action in case of intent and with the assumption of capability. Jurisprudents have studied murder by omission (failure to act) under different rules of jurisprudence, such as the no loss principle, beneficence (Ihsan) and causation (Tasbib). There are, however, different comments on the issue. Despite developments and changes established in the law of Iran at different legal periods, there was no clear regulation regarding the criminal liability of the person who failed to act (Tarik), until by virtue of paragraph 1 of the unified article the law for the refusal to provide assistance to injured persons and to eliminate the risks of life in 1354, this issue was subject to legislative prediction; on the other hand, in 2013, pursuant to Article 295 of the Islamic Penal Code of 1392 and according to the present conditions in the aforementioned article, the person who failed to act is held to have criminal liability. In some countries, based on common law, the criminal liability of the person who refuses to act is relatively admitted; in countries under common law, omission is considered as a material element only when there is a legal requirement and responsibility to act and failure to act leads to the commitment of the crime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - The Legal and Juridical Study of the Concept and Conditions of Necessity and its Effect on Civil Liability
Hamid Abhary Mohammad Farzanegan Somayeh ZohoriNecessity is the one of the circumstances that causes one person to avoide an existence or near risk enter to damage on the other person. For realization, the necessity must exist in some conditions and with existing these conditions, at the time of enforcing of waver o MoreNecessity is the one of the circumstances that causes one person to avoide an existence or near risk enter to damage on the other person. For realization, the necessity must exist in some conditions and with existing these conditions, at the time of enforcing of waver of article 55 of the former Islamic penalty code, there will be different opinions among the lawyers. With elimination that waver in new penalty code, the question is that whether necessity is one of factors that raises the civil liability or not? In this article, the author consider the concept, conditions, effects and cases of necessity in civil liability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Duress to Murder and its Documentations in Imamieh Jurisprudence & law of Iran
Hassan Hajitabar Firozjaei Amin FallahBased on rules of Imamieh jurisprudence and Iranian criminal rights (including Article 151 of Islamic Penal Code ratified in 2013), one of the eliminating factors of criminal liability is duress. Duress includes “mental pressure imposed on a person through whom hi MoreBased on rules of Imamieh jurisprudence and Iranian criminal rights (including Article 151 of Islamic Penal Code ratified in 2013), one of the eliminating factors of criminal liability is duress. Duress includes “mental pressure imposed on a person through whom his free will and authority (consent) is waived at the time of committing that behavior”. The present paper discusses determining intentional murder judgment resulting from duress and its documentations in Iranian rights (Articles 375 to 380 of Islamic Penal Code ratified in 2013) and Imamieh jurisprudence. This study concluded that firstly, the failure in elimination of criminal liability from the person subject to reluctance in the status of duress to murder is based on the distinction without reference and principle of human being lives equality. Secondly, the basis of eliminating criminal liability from the person subject to reluctance to murder in the case of being minor or insane is the rule of stronger cause from the foreman. Thirdly, Imamieh jurists’ opinions concerning permission or prohibition of killing in terms of duress to murder are not the same; however, the most well-known idea of Imamieh Jurists and consequently, Islamic Penal Act (IPA) ratified in 2013 is principally based on prohibition of murder in the case of duress to killing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Civil Liability of Concise Cause of Medical Team in Iran's and England's law
Ali Ravanan Seyyed Mehdi Mir Dadashi Mohammad Sadeghi Ebrahim Delshad MaarefMedical team of concise cause is among the most difficult issues of jurisprudence. Legal causation relationship is of high significance and there is no clear and certain answer according to that in law systems. In Iran law, there is a special attention towards scientifi MoreMedical team of concise cause is among the most difficult issues of jurisprudence. Legal causation relationship is of high significance and there is no clear and certain answer according to that in law systems. In Iran law, there is a special attention towards scientific regulations of choice, paying to treasure, drawing rule, justice and fair rule and liability distribution and in England law, there is attention towards some theories like the rule of all or nothing and financial cooperation, damage and harm risk, simultaneous causation and extensive corporate responsibility. Concise cause in England law is of relative liability and proving the subject is of high significance. The governor proceeds to develop rules according to intrinsic and transverse regulations of law using Islamic law so that the task of courts is defined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - The study of Legal and Judicial Necessity Effects in Non-Contractual Liability (A Comparative Study(
Yasser AbdiThe substantiation of some titles is justifying and legitimating of harmful act and in other words, eliminating fault. One of these categories is necessity in non-contractual civil liability. Unlike contractual civil liability that referred to in Article 206 of Civil co MoreThe substantiation of some titles is justifying and legitimating of harmful act and in other words, eliminating fault. One of these categories is necessity in non-contractual civil liability. Unlike contractual civil liability that referred to in Article 206 of Civil code, It has not been raised on the necessity in law expressly. Without any doubt, necessity removed the fault from the harmful act and action which is illegitimated in the normal position and is unlawful and makes it lawful and permissible. But whether committing damaging action in necessity mode, exempts from civil liability or not, there are two views. In the first view, necessity does not remove civil liability and must be compensated damage. In the second view, necessity removes civil liability because of prevention of harmfulness around yourself or others. This article accepts the First view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Civil responsibility of the owner of a ground motor vehicle in Iranian law and the teachings of Islamic jurisprudence with a comparative approach in common law.
mohammad sadegh hafezi ghahestani shokrollah nikvand abdol-ali mohammadi jozaniWith emergence of vehicles, one of the essential needs of humankind was met and an important step was taken in the field of speeding up the transportation of people and goods. Along with all developments, the vehicle still has a special position in transportation, but a MoreWith emergence of vehicles, one of the essential needs of humankind was met and an important step was taken in the field of speeding up the transportation of people and goods. Along with all developments, the vehicle still has a special position in transportation, but at the same time, the damages caused by vehicle accidents and its compensation are always considered in different countries so that the annual statistics of damages caused by vehicles are more than any other factors. Accordingly, the necessity of having regulations that easily guarantee the rights of the victim is felt more than before. The civil liability of the owner is always raised in emergence of the damages caused by these incidents. Contrary to Iranian law, except for the provisions of the Compulsory Insurance Law approved in 2016 that seems the responsibility of the owner is subject to the general rules of civil liability, the responsibility of the owner is determined in the laws of the common law countries in such a way that the damages caused by vehicles are compensated as much as possible. In addition to expressing the concept of the owner and his/her civil responsibility, the present paper deals with foundations and obstacles of civil liability and determining the person responsible for the damages caused by these devices, according to the relevant laws of the applicable countries and the evidences of Islamic jurisprudence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Examining the relevance of ignorance to the Shari'a ruling in criminal liability
seyed mohammad sadri Abedin Momeni Mohammad Mehdi Karimi Salimi Ignorance is one of the less frequent but very important concepts in Iranian criminal law. The legislator did not provide a precise definition of ignorance, and in Article 155 of the Islamic Penal Code, the meaning of ignorance is used in an indefinite manner, as More Ignorance is one of the less frequent but very important concepts in Iranian criminal law. The legislator did not provide a precise definition of ignorance, and in Article 155 of the Islamic Penal Code, the meaning of ignorance is used in an indefinite manner, as it considered ignorance of the ruling as a legitimate excuse. In Article 217, one of the conditions for the implementation of the limit is the awareness of the criminal about the sanctity of his behavior. Therefore, the meaning of ignorance should be obtained in jurisprudence, because the fundamental concepts of Iranian Islamic law originate from jurisprudence and the principles of Twelver Imam Shia jurisprudence. By examining the history of the debate from ignorance to judgment in the two sciences of jurisprudence and jurisprudence, this research seeks to find an answer to the definition of ignorance in the Islamic penal law of Iran, especially Article 155 of the Islamic Penal Code on the issue of ignorance to judgment from a Sharia point of view. The summary of the research is that according to Sharia, if the ignorant person is incapable or the guilty party is not complicit, his ignorance is considered as an excuse in Sharia and is punishable. Otherwise, his claim of ignorance will not be accepted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Strict Liability in Destruction of Environment according to Islamic Jurisprudence
Abbas Gohari Mehdi BizhaniDestruction of environmental is one of the most important subjects in the Islamic jurisprudence and law. In jurisprudence view, it is accepted that the destructors of environment have strict liability but unfortunately practical procedure of the courts is based on MoreDestruction of environmental is one of the most important subjects in the Islamic jurisprudence and law. In jurisprudence view, it is accepted that the destructors of environment have strict liability but unfortunately practical procedure of the courts is based on proving of Fault. The wasting of common natural heritage is one of the types of the wasting of another person’s property, although in environment case the concept of property should be extended to encompass the matters such as air. Acceptance of civil responsibility for destructors of environment is based on the impediment of the damages, by contrast the biocentric and Antrocentric approaches in the field of the protection of environment, jurisprudence approach is a Antro-biocentric approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Position of Restitutionary Liability Theory in Jurisprudence
majid abbasi Ali Gharibeh Esmaeil Saghiri Hassan PashazadehIn Imamieh jurisprudence, the purpose of the rules of civil liability is to compensate for losses and for this reason the liability assessment criterion (wrongdoer) is based on the losses incurred to the loser. While there is a different responsibility from civil liabil MoreIn Imamieh jurisprudence, the purpose of the rules of civil liability is to compensate for losses and for this reason the liability assessment criterion (wrongdoer) is based on the losses incurred to the loser. While there is a different responsibility from civil liability that its purpose is to prevent the defendant of unjust enrichment rather than to compensate the plaintiff for loss suffered. The existence of numerous examples of this feature has led to the development of a new theory of "restitutionary liability " against civil liability in the legal system. The question now is that the basis of this theory with the purpose and the criteria, for which it was said, is capable of designing and defending in the Imam's jurisprudence? If the answer is yes which principles and rules of jurisprudence can entail the theorem? The author believes that the basics and examples of this theory are in the form of rules such as prohibition of eating another property and if it's true binding corrupt it is binding and in some topics liability, such as, risk and confiscation. Because the primary purpose of these rules is preventing of unjust enrichment and the result of using it is primarily the return of the property or its owner. This goal is more consistent with the characteristics of restitutionary liability (which is gain based), not with the indicators of civil liability that is damage based. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - The place of criminal growth in criminal liability from the perspective of Imami jurisprudence and Iranian law
amin fallah hasan hajitabar firozjaeeIn Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2013, Iran's legislator has implicitly considered it necessary to verify the criminal maturity of the perpetrator in order to impose the maximum punishment or retribution on adults under the age of 18 years, which has MoreIn Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2013, Iran's legislator has implicitly considered it necessary to verify the criminal maturity of the perpetrator in order to impose the maximum punishment or retribution on adults under the age of 18 years, which has caused disagreements among jurists and judicial practice. and it is not clear that upon reaching the age of puberty, is the principle of penal growth or the principle of non-penal growth? The authors, using the descriptive-analytical and library method and with the aim of providing a logical solution in this regard, while expressing different views, came to the conclusion that the sentence contained in Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code has a Sharia precedent and He is a jurist and the legislator under the title of "growth and perfection of intellect or understanding the nature of the crime committed or its sanctity" by accepting the opinion of the minority of the ancient jurists as well as the opinion of the contemporary jurists, implicitly raised the issue of penal growth in crimes requiring hadd or retribution committed by adults. Under 18 accepted. Also, in this legal article, the legislator has considered the principle of non-attainment of growth for these people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Civil liability for omission of officials due to lack of time.
mostafa keikha shaghayegh amerian abd-al-reza mohammad hosein zadehThe warranty due to the lack of time is one of the controversial issues that is raised under the issue of the authorities' omission. The loss of time due to the abandonment of the action has raised the question of whether it is possible to consider the loss of time as a MoreThe warranty due to the lack of time is one of the controversial issues that is raised under the issue of the authorities' omission. The loss of time due to the abandonment of the action has raised the question of whether it is possible to consider the loss of time as a type of damage and condemn the abandonment of the action to civil liability. The present research has organized its discussions with the descriptive-analytical method based on the hypothesis that if the omission of officials leads to the death of people, it will be covered by the guarantee of execution. The conclusion of this research is that, although there is no chapter in Iranian law about the omission of officials due to the passing of time, there are examples such as mudaraba, jaala, delay in crisis management and delay without legal and justified reasons in issuing business licenses, and so on. .. It implies the civil responsibility of the officials, leaving the verb. In addition, from a jurisprudential point of view, rules such as non-harmful, wasteful and vindictive, reprimanding the usurper, respecting inalienable property and justice, indicate this type of responsibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Designing and Validating a Questionnaire of Competency Model of Educational Administrators of Executive Organizations of East Azerbaijan Province
alireza rajebi sadegh maleki avarsin Zarrin DaneshvarThe purpose of this study is to design and validate a questionnaire on the competency model of educational administrators of executive organizations. The research method was descriptive which was conducted in two phases of design and validity and reliability of the ques MoreThe purpose of this study is to design and validate a questionnaire on the competency model of educational administrators of executive organizations. The research method was descriptive which was conducted in two phases of design and validity and reliability of the questionnaire in 2019. CVR and CVI coefficients were used to evaluate the content validity. According to the obtained CVRs, out of 115 indicators, 21 were removed and 94 were selected to continue the study. Also, its reliability was determined using the method of calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intra-cluster correlation index. In the present study, the content validity index was 0.736 which is an acceptable number for this questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also 0.979 the intra-cluster correlation index was 0.997, which indicates the stability of reliability and high reproducibility of the questionnaire. Based on the results of the questionnaire 94 approved indicators in three main categories related to technical-professional competencies (including subcategories of skills: training needs assessment, educational planning, training implementation, training effectiveness evaluation, educational leadership and knowledge management ability), General competencies (including subcategories of competencies: individual, personality and morality and intelligence) and managerial competencies (including subcategories: organizational commitment, goal orientation, responsibility, team building, communication skills, analytical thinking, strategic thinking, flexibility Acceptability, foresight, creative thinking and systemic thinking) were divided. All of them have good validity and reliability for examining the competencies of the educational directors of the executive organizations of East Azerbaijan province Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Social-Emotional Competence Questionnaire and its Relationship with Academic Buoyancy in Iranian Middle School Students
kamyar azemi Manijeh Shehni Yailagh Mehrdad KhoshnamvandThe aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of social-emotional competence questionnaire and determine its relationship with academic buoyancy in Iranian students. In the present study, confirmatory factor analysis, i MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of social-emotional competence questionnaire and determine its relationship with academic buoyancy in Iranian students. In the present study, confirmatory factor analysis, item-total correlation, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis and multivariate analysis of variance with a sample of 348 middle school students in Ahvaz (196 girls and 152 boys) which were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. The results findings of confirmatory factor analysis showed a model with a good fit for the five-factor structure of the social-emotional competence questionnaire. In addition, the findings indicated that the questionnaire had high internal consistency reliability. Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between social-emotional competence and academic buoyancy. Finally, the results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there was a statistically significant difference between girls and boys in the dimensions of the social-emotional competence questionnaire. These findings suggest that the Persian version of the social-emotional competence questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for assessing social-emotional competence in the population of Iranian middle school students. Practical implications, limitations, and future research needs for professionals, researchers, teachers at the classroom and school level are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Designing and Developing a Questionnaire of Academic Stability among Elementary School Students
Shahla Babaei Gholamreza Golmohammad Nazhad Bahrami Behboud Yarigholi Parvin BahariThe purpose of this research is to design and develop a questionnaire of academic stability among elementary school students. The research method was Mixed Method with an Exploratory Sequential Design (Tool compilation model). The participants in the qualitative section MoreThe purpose of this research is to design and develop a questionnaire of academic stability among elementary school students. The research method was Mixed Method with an Exploratory Sequential Design (Tool compilation model). The participants in the qualitative section were 25 persons who were selected by purposive sampling from university lecturers of educational sciences, teachers, elementary school students and parents of students. The population of research in the quantitative section was all of elementary students in Marivan city, of which 373 persons were selected with using proportional stratified random sampling method. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed by qualitative content analysis method and 238 codes were obtained that were summarized in the form of 5 main themes and 44 sub-themes. In order to analyze criterion validity, first the correlation of each item with the criterion was calculated and 38 items were omitted. Then, the correlation of the scores of questionnaire with the criterion was calculated, which was significant at the level of 0.01. The construct validity of the questionnaire was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis. The result of the analysis showed that six factors explain a total of 68.442% of the total variance of the questionnaire. Also, Cronbach's alpha was 0.883 for the total questionnaire and 0.901, 0.841, 0.855, 0.740, 0.577 and 0.600 respectively for each of the components. In general, the results showed that the academic stability questionnaire with 23 items has high validity and reliability in order to assessment and predict the amount of academic stability in elementary school students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - The Factor Analysis, validity, Reliability and Standardization of Teacher Violence Scale (TVS) among High School and Pre University Students
Tahereh Pazhoohi Mohammad Ali NadiThe aim of this research was to construct and validate the teacher violence scale, which measures different forms of violent behaviors displayed by teachers against students. 374 students were selected from Gachsaran through randomized categorical sampling as a sample, MoreThe aim of this research was to construct and validate the teacher violence scale, which measures different forms of violent behaviors displayed by teachers against students. 374 students were selected from Gachsaran through randomized categorical sampling as a sample, which responded to Piskin et al.ʼs (2014) teacher violence scale and Nadi and Alsafiʼs (2013) teachersʼ retaliatory behaviors questionnaire. The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients were found to be 0.90 for the entire scale, and 0.87, 0.79, 0.85, 0.72 and 0.77 for physical violence, taunting, critics, oppress and sexual violence respectively. The exploratory factor analysis of the scale showed that it has five factors with opimal fit indices (p>0.05). Moreover, this scale can be used as a diagnostic instrument to determine the extent of teacher violence at schools Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Psychometric Characteristics of Work Domain Goal Orientation Questionnaire Farsi Version in Iranian Teachers
Yasser RezapourThis study was to Psychometric characteristics of work domain goal orientation questionnaire Farsi Version in Iranian Teachers. As a descriptive study, populations were all Ashkezar and Meybod city teachers, 448 ones were selected by categorical random sampling. Data we MoreThis study was to Psychometric characteristics of work domain goal orientation questionnaire Farsi Version in Iranian Teachers. As a descriptive study, populations were all Ashkezar and Meybod city teachers, 448 ones were selected by categorical random sampling. Data were gathered by work domain goal orientation questionnaire (VandeWalle, 1997), Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire (Weiss et al., 1967), and job performance questionnaire (Patterson, 1992) and then analyzed utilizing Pearson correlation and confirmatory factor analysis. Face validity was checked via item impact approach showing the appropriate face validity of questionnaire. Content validity was confirmed by CVI and CVR indexes. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three factor structure of the questionnaire including learning goal orientation, performance-prove, and performance-avoid. Correlation between this questionnaire, job satisfaction, and job performance showed the questionnaire possesses an appropriate divergent and convergent validity (p<.05). Finally, reliability of the questionnaire using test-retest method for learning, performance-prove, and performance-avoid goal orientation was.81,.76, and.75, respectively (p<.05) and using Cronbach alpha was.92,.88, and.85, respectively. It can be concluded Farsi version of work domain goal orientation questionnaire in Iranian teachers possesses an appropriate validity and reliability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - The Preliminary Psychometric Properties of Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – Adolescent Short Form (TEIQue-ASF)
Ali Asghar BayaniThe main aim of this research was to examine the reliability and validity of the psychometric properties of Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – Adolescent Short Form (TEIQue-ASF, Petrides, et al, 2006) among the second grade high school students. In a des MoreThe main aim of this research was to examine the reliability and validity of the psychometric properties of Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – Adolescent Short Form (TEIQue-ASF, Petrides, et al, 2006) among the second grade high school students. In a descriptive study, 345 second grade high school students of Gorgan who were selected using cluster sampling method, completed the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire – Adolescent Short Form (TEIQue-ASF, Petrides, et al, 2006), the School Burnout Inventory (SBI, Salmela-Aro, Kiuru, Leskinen, & Nurmi, 2009), and the Oxford Happiness Inventory(OHI, Argyle, Martin, & Crossland, 1989). The test – retest reliability and Cronbach's Alfa were. 0.58 and. 0.78. The correlation coefficients of TEIQue-ASF with OHI and BSI were also found to be. 0.59 and -. 0.34. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit for the measurement model Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Factor Structure, Validity and Reliability of School Organizational Health Questionnaire (SOHQ) in a Sample of Iranian Teachers
Yasser RezapourThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate the factor structure, validity and reliability of school organizational health questionnaire (SOHQ) in a sample of Iranian teachers. From among all teachers of Ashkezar and Meybod, 448 teachers were selected by ca MoreThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate the factor structure, validity and reliability of school organizational health questionnaire (SOHQ) in a sample of Iranian teachers. From among all teachers of Ashkezar and Meybod, 448 teachers were selected by categorical random sampling who completed school organizational health (Hart, et al, 2000), organizational commitment (Mowday, et al, 1979) and School Level Environment questionnaires (Rentoul & Fraser, 1983). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, Pearson correlation, and independent t test. The results showed that SOHQ has good face and content validity. The factor structures of 54-, 38-, and 16-item questionnaires of SOHQ were confirmed using confimatory factor analysis. The SOHQ had significant discriminatory validity and also a significant convergent validity with teachersʼ organizational commitment and school organizational climate. Test-retest reliability of 54, 38 and 16- item forms of SOHQ were .71, .78 and .81 respectively. The Cronbach alphas of SOHQ were .94, .87 and .76 in 54, 38 and 16- items forms, respectively. Generally, the results show that the Farsi version of SOHQ has a good validity and reliability in the sample of Iranian teachers participated in the present study Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Psychometric Characteristics of Academic Locus of Control Scale (ALCS) in High School Students
Hamid Reza Aryanpour Yaser Rezapour MirsalehThe purpose of present study was to investigate the psychometric characteristics of academic locus of control scale (ALCS) in high school students. The population of the study includes all high school students of Ardakan and Meybod city. A total of 604 students were sel MoreThe purpose of present study was to investigate the psychometric characteristics of academic locus of control scale (ALCS) in high school students. The population of the study includes all high school students of Ardakan and Meybod city. A total of 604 students were selected by categorical random sampling. The data gathered by academic locus of control, E-I locus of control scale and grade point average, and then analyzed by Correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and independent t-test. The results showed that Face and content validity of the scale were confirmed. ALCS had a significant convergent validity with Rotter’s locus of control scale and grade point average (p<.01). The ALCS discriminated between students with high grade point average from those with low grade point average. Investigating of construct validity of ALCS showed one factor structure of the scale was confirmed. Test-retest reliability after a two week interval and Kuder-Richardson alpha coefficient of the ALCS were .83 (p<.01) and .71 respectively. With regarding the results can concluded that Persian version of ALCS has appropriate validity and reliability in participants of present study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Standardization of Perceived Social Support Questionnaire for High School Students
H. A. Hooman S. Livarjani This study has been done with the aim of consideration of reliability, validity and normal finding of perceived social support questionnaire. The scale was administered on 535(258 girls and 277 boys) students whom were chosen sing luster random sampling method. Th More This study has been done with the aim of consideration of reliability, validity and normal finding of perceived social support questionnaire. The scale was administered on 535(258 girls and 277 boys) students whom were chosen sing luster random sampling method. The reliability coefficients of the scale were determined using Cronbach’s coefficient alpha. The total reliability coefficient of questionnaire was 82%. The scales validity was measured by factor analysis. There was enough coordination among the questions and the scale’s questions were saturated by general factor, also no significant sex difference exists in the total score. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Construction, Reliability and Validation of Life Philosophy Questionnaire
Gholamreza Golmohammadnazhad Bahrami Behbood YarigoliThe purpose of this research was construction, reliability and validation of life philosophy questionnaire and it has been done by mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) and its design was exploratory. The population of research was the students of Azarbaijan Shahi MoreThe purpose of this research was construction, reliability and validation of life philosophy questionnaire and it has been done by mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) and its design was exploratory. The population of research was the students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University which 484 of them were selected by stratified random method as a sample and participated in it. Initial form of life philosophy questionnaire had 36 statements and 6 subscales which had been prepared on the basis of philosophical approaches and theories of Utilitarianism, Epicureanism, Existentialism, Secularism, Nihilism and Determinism. For implementation of its validity and reliability, the confirmatory factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, correlation coefficients and Cronbach's alpha were used. Also, to contemplate discriminative validity of questionnaire, the mean scores of female and male students were compared by using multivariate analysis of variance. On the basis of achieved results, the final questionnaire which consisted of 28 statements (8 statements were omitted) had reliability and relatively acceptable validity. So, the prepared questionnaire has efficiency for use in scientific research. Also it delineates a philosophic profile for each person that could be used in explaining and interpreting the life philosophy of person. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Examining the psychometric features of Academic Flow Questionnaire in Students
Farrokhroo Jalili Mozhgan Arefi Amir Ghomrani Golamreza ManeshiFlow occurs when individuals are engaged in controllable but challenging activities and tasks which Requires considerable skill and associates with intrinsic motivation (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990). The current study aims to consider psychometric features (reliability and v MoreFlow occurs when individuals are engaged in controllable but challenging activities and tasks which Requires considerable skill and associates with intrinsic motivation (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990). The current study aims to consider psychometric features (reliability and validity) of Martin & Jackson’s flow short scale (2008) in academic field. Research plan is descriptive cross -sectional and 291 students of Farhangian University Southern Khorasan branch participated voluntarily in this study. Persian version was presented via translation and back translation. Reliability of scale and construct validity were evaluated by internal consistency, split-have’s method and correlation with academic motivation scale (intrinsic motivation and a motivation Dimension), respectively. Total internal consistency coefficient of scale according to Cronbach’s coefficient alpha was 0.85 and Gutman coefficient for assessing reliability was obtained 0.82. Positive correlation of this scale with internal motivation (0.83) is representative of convergent validity and its correlation with a motivation (-0.85) is demonstrator of divergent validity of scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirms single- factor structure. Results obtained from present study showed that Persian version of flow scale in academic field enjoys good validity and reliability, foresaid scale can be used to consider students’ academic flow in teaching – learning situations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - The relationship between profit management and the performance Of companies studied in Bourse securities of Tehran
mohammadreza javaheri Majid ZanjirdarMany research Findings emphasis that investors in their investments decisions will prefer smooth profit with low fluctuation. In this regards managers will try to manage the benefit and its growth. Managers either with tampering the information's for the sake of their b MoreMany research Findings emphasis that investors in their investments decisions will prefer smooth profit with low fluctuation. In this regards managers will try to manage the benefit and its growth. Managers either with tampering the information's for the sake of their benefit or transferring and reporting confidential information about management. The study tries to investigate the effect of benefit management by using negative correlation between the optional obligatory items change and anticipated changes of benefit. The essential performance indicators which include cash flow fund, earning per share, liability items and dividend yield have been considered and these components are considered as efficiency indicators in this research.The statistical population included all the listed companies in securities bourse in Tehran during 1384-1392. Using systematic call-off sampling method 89 companies was selected as the sample size. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the profit management and companies performance. The profit management is also effective in forecasting future cash fund, in forcing solidarity between running and future yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - New Strategic View on Brand: The Effect of Congruity, Reliability and Attachment on Customer Loyalty
mojtaba khansabbakh shahnaz nayebzadeh reihane sadat bakhshayesh -
Open Access Article
201 - Analysis of civil liability of stakeholders in forestry projects in domestic laws and international documents
zeynab karimimaneshCivil liability in the direction of forestry plans is one of the most important issues which has always been considered in the documents between the international and domestic law . the difference in the civil liability of stakeholders persons in the plan of forestry in MoreCivil liability in the direction of forestry plans is one of the most important issues which has always been considered in the documents between the international and domestic law . the difference in the civil liability of stakeholders persons in the plan of forestry in domestic law and comparing them with international law is the difference in the principles and conditions of this kind of responsibility so that the basis of this kind of responsibility in the law of iran is more than jurisprudence and law . in the subjects of this kind of responsibility in iran 's law and the documents between the international , we can examine various regulations including legislation of iran in 1962 by ratifying laws of protection and protection of them . and in 1967 , by ratifying the laws of protection and exploitation of forestry and pastures , the government obliged to prepare forestry plans to protect and safeguard it . the international law on the international law is also referred to as the 1972 , rio 1992 , johannesburg 2002 . therefore , the purpose of the present study is to investigate the principles of civil liability of stakeholders persons in the civil law and the international documents . with we concluded that the civil liability of persons is different in the basis of international law and is common in the purpose and the works that protect the forests and compensation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of a Communicative Scale for Translation Quality Assessment
Sepeedeh Hanifehzadeh Farzaneh Farahzad -
Open Access Article
203 - Validity and Reliability Reports in Applied Linguistics Research Articles: The case of tests and questionnaire
khalil Tazik -
Open Access Article
204 - The Compatibility of Parametric Software Reliability Growth Models in PRGA
Reza Roshani Homayun Motameni Hosein Mohamadi -
Open Access Article
205 - Smart Power Distribution Network Reconfiguration based on the Graph Theory and Particle Swarm Optimization
Hassan Chahi Javad Mashayekhifard Ghasem Faezian -
Open Access Article
206 - Developing and Examining Psychometric Properties of the Teacher-Student Relationship Questionnaire in High-school Students
Ehsan Daliri Zahra Zeinaddiny Meymand Amanollah Soltani Najmeh Hajipour Abaei -
Open Access Article
207 - Standardizing and Estimation of Teacher Empowerment Assessment Tool
Habibeh Najafi -
Open Access Article
208 - Techno-Economic and Environmental Base Approach for Optimal Energy Management of Microgrids Using Crow Search Algorithm
Sajad Gorji Saeed Zamanian Majid MoazzamiBy incremental deployment of renewable energy sources on microgrid frameworks, new technical and economic issues have emerged in the power system industry. The optimal operation of microgrids in the presence of intermittent renewable sources has been counted as a new ch MoreBy incremental deployment of renewable energy sources on microgrid frameworks, new technical and economic issues have emerged in the power system industry. The optimal operation of microgrids in the presence of intermittent renewable sources has been counted as a new challenge within the last decade. Microgrids are off-grid or grid-connected power systems on a very small scale encompassing different types of distributed generation sources and local loads. Generally, in isolated microgrids, the demanded energy of consumers is maintained by hybrid models of internal energy sources. The principal purpose of hybrid systems is to supply the electrical power demanded by consumers instantaneously as well as storing surplus energy for critical conditions. In this paper, a techno-economic and environmental base approach for optimal energy management of microgrids using crow search algorithm is presented. Under study microgrid include renewable energy resources, battery and diesel generator as backup power generator. Annual cost and the released emission are considered as the objective function of the proposed method. The crow search algorithm calculates power dispatch scheduling among generation units. Simulation results of the proposed method show the appropriate configuration of the hybrid system that lead to decrease the annual cost of the system and the released emission. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Optimal placement and sizing of distributed generations and capacitors for reliability improvement and power loss minimization in distribution networks
Majid Salari Fariborz Haghighatdar FesharakiOptimal placement and sizing of equipment in engineering systems is one of the most important and challenging practical problems. Installation of capacitors and distributed generations (DGs) in distribution systems has many benefits, such as improving the reliability as MoreOptimal placement and sizing of equipment in engineering systems is one of the most important and challenging practical problems. Installation of capacitors and distributed generations (DGs) in distribution systems has many benefits, such as improving the reliability as well as reducing the power loss, however, includes high investment costs. Hence, the maximum use of these benefits highly depends on choosing suitable locations for installation. In this paper, the Success Rate Group Search Algorithm (SRGSO) is used for optimal placement and sizing of DG sources and capacitor banks simultaneously in distributed systems. The used objective function includes costs of Expected interruption (ECOST), Energy Not Supplied (ENS), active power losses and DG and capacitor investment, operation and maintenance. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in finding the optimal solution, various capacitor and DG placement scenarios are simulated on the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution test system. The simulation results show that the proposed method is more effective and has higher capability for solving the problem of capacitor and DG placement, compared to previously proposed methods. Using the proposed method in this paper, the value of active power losses as well as bus voltage profile are improved more than other investigated methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - A New Estimation Method of Parallel Power Transformers Expected Failure Cost
Hadi Shams solari Behroz Majidi Majid MoazzamiRisk level evaluation of power systems and reduction of its related destructive effects costs have been transformed to one of the basic challenges in power industry’s operation and scheduling. In this paper a new method for mathematical modeling of failure correla MoreRisk level evaluation of power systems and reduction of its related destructive effects costs have been transformed to one of the basic challenges in power industry’s operation and scheduling. In this paper a new method for mathematical modeling of failure correlation of parallel transformers using Poisson process and multi-Gaussian Copula function is presented. In this method, by using computation of selected reliability indices and related costs, a modeling method for estimation of expectation value of failure cost of parallel transformers with failure correlation and also cost of annual risk of power system has been proposed. According to the capability of production of stage-gate process of the system real mode and failure correlation and probability of parallel transformers, sequential Monte Carlo method for calculation of system’s reliability indices and related costs estimation has been employed. Simulation results of the proposed method show that annual increase of failure correlation probability of parallel transformers in power stations, will lead to increase of expectation value of their failure, level and cost of power system’s risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - High-Reliability Electric Power Generation System for Aircraft Based on Generators Smart Droop Control Method
Amir KhaledianAdvances in power electronic applications, high reliability power distribution systems and flight control propulsion technologies, have increased the utilization of electric power in modern aircrafts. This has led to the concept of more electric aircraft. In this paper, MoreAdvances in power electronic applications, high reliability power distribution systems and flight control propulsion technologies, have increased the utilization of electric power in modern aircrafts. This has led to the concept of more electric aircraft. In this paper, a new structure is proposed to generate the electric power in aircraft. The aircraft power generation and consumption system is modeled as a microgrid. The proposed more-reliable power generation system is based on induction generator, rectifier and voltage source inverter. Induction generator is coupled with turbojet motor. The smart active power sharing between generators is achieved by using improved droop control method. Optimal droop coefficients are assigned by combining mathematical approaches including descending gradient method and minimizing the mean squares of the frequency deviation. The aircraft electrical network is simulated with the proposed controller in MATLAB and its performance is analyzed. The simulation results show the proper power sharing between generators. The advantages of the proposed method over the conventional structure include the elimination of the mechanical constant speed drive which increase reliability and proper power sharing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Optimal Maintenance Algorithm for Distribution Network in Presence of Incentive Regulation
Iman Khonakdar Tarsi Mahmud Fotuhi Firuzabad Hosein Mohammadnezhad-Shourkaei Mehdi EhsanDue to the complexity of distribution networks, preventive maintenance is very important. Incentive regulation is also one of the factors influencing the performance of distribution companies, which in turn complicates maintenance planning. This paper addresses the issu MoreDue to the complexity of distribution networks, preventive maintenance is very important. Incentive regulation is also one of the factors influencing the performance of distribution companies, which in turn complicates maintenance planning. This paper addresses the issue of preventive maintenance planning to enhance reliability in the presence of reward and penalty as a motivational factor. Therefore, the profit function of the distribution company, which includes the cost of repairs and reward-penalty, is optimized. In the incentive model for measuring the performance, reliability indices are compared by feeders, and in contrast, the repair program is obtained for each feeder separately. Due to the different causes of feeder failure such as their structural properties and weather conditions, increasing the accuracy of performance comparison from companies to feeders, in addition to penalties and rewards assigning leads to maximise the impact of maintenance at the level of their reliability and is accompanied by cost savings. For this purpose, the information of a real network including 194 feeders is considered as primary data. After categorizing the feeders and calculating penalties and rewards, the profit from the provision of services are optimized by BPSO method. As a result, the preventive maintenance program is obtained separately for feeders for three general categories of frequent failures, which includes substation failure, line failure and tree branch collision in a period of 5 years. The optimization results show that the proposed method, while maximizing the profits of distribution companies, also improves their performance in terms of reliability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - A Robust and Smart Approach to Message Broadcasts in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks for Emergency
Mohammad Sadegh Azhdari Ali Barati Hamid BaratiVehicular ad hoc networks are designed to provide safety and comfort for drivers and passengers. In these networks, many topological changes create many challenges for efficient data delivery. The data dissemination method can meet the needs of emergency message broadca MoreVehicular ad hoc networks are designed to provide safety and comfort for drivers and passengers. In these networks, many topological changes create many challenges for efficient data delivery. The data dissemination method can meet the needs of emergency message broadcasting. Disseminating data on these networks is a complex and vital task because the highly variable speeds of vehicles increase communication gaps. In these networks, fast and guaranteed high delivery of packets is essential. In this paper, a method is proposed in which the dedicated short range communication (DSRC) channel is divided into three different types of priorities for beacon messages. A dynamic receiver is defined for each class to broadcast the message. The technique of considering the intermediate condition between the source node and the sender node is used to prevent the broadcast of redundancy and the optimal use of bandwidth. The proposed method does not require any hardware or central controller. In order to analyze the efficiency, the proposed method is compared with ASPBT and aadaptive data dissemination protocol (AddP) methods. The analytical evaluation and simulation results show that our proposed method is superior to other methods in terms of efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Operation of Micro-Grid for Provide Clean Energy Constrained to System Optimal Reliability
Hosein Hasan Shahi Mehdi Nafar Mohsen SimabIn this paper, the problem of micro-grid (MG) energy management in the presence of distributed generations (DGs) and active loads (ALs) considering operation, economic, pollution and reliability is presented. This scheme includes objective function that is minimized the MoreIn this paper, the problem of micro-grid (MG) energy management in the presence of distributed generations (DGs) and active loads (ALs) considering operation, economic, pollution and reliability is presented. This scheme includes objective function that is minimized the summation of expected operation cost of MG and DGs, expected pollution cost and outage cost in the N-1 contingency. This problem is constrained to AC power flow equations, MG operation and reliability limits, and operation formulation of DGs and ALs including the demand response program (DRP) and battery. Also, this paper uses the stochastic programming to model uncertainties of load, energy price, renewable DGs (RDGs) generation power and Availability of MG Equipment. Then, to achieve unique reliable optimal solution, it uses hybrid solver of ant-lion optimizer (ALO) and crow search algorithm (CSA). Finally, by implementing of the proposed strategy on a standard MG and obtain numerical results, the capability of the scheme in improving technical and economic indices of the MG along with procuring clean and reliable energy is confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Economical Evaluation of N–1 Safe Criterion and Load Shedding Index in Transmission System Expansion Planning
Mohammadhadi Karimi Mehdi Ehsan Faramarz FaghihiTransmission system reliability is an important issue in transmission network expansion planning (TNEP). Most of papers and research about TNEP employed N–1 safe criterion to formulate the transmission reliability, while a few of them have considered load shedding MoreTransmission system reliability is an important issue in transmission network expansion planning (TNEP). Most of papers and research about TNEP employed N–1 safe criterion to formulate the transmission reliability, while a few of them have considered load shedding (LS) index to meet the required reliability of consumers for electric demand. Thus, an economic evaluation is necessary to clear which of these reliability criteria is more appropriate for transmission expansion planning studies. This paper tries to compare these reliability indices to each other and show that which of them are more economic and better for expansion planning of a transmission system. The aim is to compromise between transmission lines and substations expansion cost, network losses, and system reliability considering maintenance and repair expenses as well as replacement cost of timeworn lines. To formulate the network reliability, first deterministic reliability criterion of N–1 was employed and embedded in the problem formulation and results were discussed, then N–1 criterion was replaced by probabilistic reliability index of load shedding in TNEP formulation and the results were compared with results of first model. Both of TNEP models are tested on well known as Garver’s 6-bus network and IEEE reliability 24-bus test system (IEEE RTS). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Reliable Relay Node Selection to Real-Time Messaging in Vehicular Networks
Yaser Taj Bahador BakhshiSareskanrood Hessam ZandHessamiOne of the intelligent transportation systems' goals is to improve safety and increase the quality of service on road journeys. Transmitting the message in critical situations with minimal delay and on time is essential for ensuring the health and safety of citizens on MoreOne of the intelligent transportation systems' goals is to improve safety and increase the quality of service on road journeys. Transmitting the message in critical situations with minimal delay and on time is essential for ensuring the health and safety of citizens on road trips. Frequent topological changes pose significant challenges to the operation of safety programs and reduce the probability of sending critical messages in real-time. This article proposes the reliable relay node selection to real-time messaging (RRRM) routing algorithm to increase the reliability of sending real-time messages in vehicular networks. To expedite the transmission of information, by introducing three indicators for selecting intermediate vehicles entitled "Record of vehicle displacement", "Similarity of vehicle velocity with the velocity average of neighbor vehicles", and "Amount of trusty adjacent vehicles", the route vehicles are scored. The worthiest vehicles are selected as members of the route. RRRM measures the temporal conformity of the vehicles' previous presence in the current route and the stability of their connection with neighboring vehicles. It avoids route failure, increased delays, and failure to send critical messages to the destination by preventing the selection of unreliable vehicles as relays. Extensive simulations with multiple scenarios in the NS-3 and SUMO demonstrate the superiority of the RRRM in reducing route-failure, mean latency, and control overload, as well as increasing packet delivery rates in urban and highway environments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Placement of Phasor Measurement Units in Power Networks and Optimal Distribution of Measurement Redudancy
Ali Ansari Fariborz Haghighatdar FesharakiAbstract: In this thesis in addition to optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs) a new method is proposed for optimal distribution of measurements redundancy. Since the buses having first order redundancy degrade the system observability by missing their mea MoreAbstract: In this thesis in addition to optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs) a new method is proposed for optimal distribution of measurements redundancy. Since the buses having first order redundancy degrade the system observability by missing their measurements, this method is used to reduce the number of these. On the other hand, the proposed method, in spite of the previous methods, is used to enhance the system observability by improving the redundancy order of the other low order redundancy buses without increasing the number of the lower orders. .In addition, by using this method, the optimal PMU placement can be obtained considering the contingencies such as PMU outage or line outage. It should be noted that the proposed methods are implemented on the IEEE 14-, 30, 57- and 118- bus power networks. The simulation results are compared with previous methods. In addition, simulations are performed with and without considering the effect of zero injection buses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Presenting a Novel Hybrid Approach for Multi-Objective Distribution Feeder Reconfiguration Considering the Importance of Reliability
Benyamin Katanchi Ali Asghar Shojaei Mahdi YaghoobiSince it might delay making significant expenditures in substations and generation, increasing the efficiency of power systems is an important priority. By altering the status of switches, the distribution feeder reconfiguration (DFR) can reduce system losses in this re MoreSince it might delay making significant expenditures in substations and generation, increasing the efficiency of power systems is an important priority. By altering the status of switches, the distribution feeder reconfiguration (DFR) can reduce system losses in this regard. Power loss and voltage deviation of buses are frequently taken into account as objective functions while solving the distribution feeder reconfiguration problem, however reliability indices have received less consideration. The proposed reliability index, coupled with power loss and switching number in the presence of distributed generators, are used in this study to address DFR as a multi-objective problem. The DFR problem is complex inherently, considering impacts of distributed generators makes the problem more be complex than before. For this purpose, an evolutionary method based on the combination of particle swarm optimization and modified shuffled frog leaping has been used to solve the nonlinear optimization problem in this study. Two 33-bus and 70-bus systems are evaluated to gauge the effectiveness of the suggested hybrid algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Assessment and Improving Methods of Reliability Indices in Bakhtar Regional Electricity Company
Saeed Shahrezaei Ali Asghar Ghadimi Majid Gandomkar Majid Moazzami Sanaz Shaheidari Ali Reza Afshari MoghadamReliability of a system is the ability of a system to do prospected duties in future and the probability of desirable operation for doing predetermined duties. Power system elements failures data are the main data of reliability assessment in the network. Determining an MoreReliability of a system is the ability of a system to do prospected duties in future and the probability of desirable operation for doing predetermined duties. Power system elements failures data are the main data of reliability assessment in the network. Determining antiseptic parameters is the goal of reliability assessment by using system history data. These parameters help to recognize week points of the system. In other words, the goal of reliability assessment is operation improving and decreasing of the failures and power outages. This paper is developed to assess reliability indices of Bakhtar Regional Electricity Company up to 1393 and the improving methods and their effects on the reliability indices in this network. DIgSILENT Power Factory software is employed for simulation. Simulation results show the positive effect of improving methods in reliability indices of Bakhtar Regional Electricity Company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Reliability Evaluation of Power System SVC Types Using a Markov Chain
Ali Behdan Bahador Fani Ehsan AdibStatic reactive power compensator (SVC) plays an important role in power system reliability stems. In evaluations of reliability, only reactive power is considered as a constraint network is placed in the SVC BrrsyHa impact on power system reliability evaluation techni MoreStatic reactive power compensator (SVC) plays an important role in power system reliability stems. In evaluations of reliability, only reactive power is considered as a constraint network is placed in the SVC BrrsyHa impact on power system reliability evaluation techniques are still not considered. This type of SVC, the TCR-FC, TSC and TCR-TSC examined and the information wrong or repair parts of the states of the user. μ) is expressed.This type of SVC, the TCR-FC, TSC and TCR-TSC examine the error occurs and information HaltHay or repair parts used by our participants .Static reactive power compensator (SVC) plays an important role in power system reliability stems. Thus it is clear that λ is a parameter that indicates the error to each component, and μ is a parameter which indicates the service or go into the same circuit components and repair goes wrong. After the static reactive power compensator (SVC) plays an important role in power system reliability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Coordination Between Wind Power, Hydro Storage Facility and Conventional Generating Units According to the Annual Growth Load
Shahrokh Shojaeean Hadi AkramiConsidering the growing trend of the consumption of the electric power and the global tendency to substitute new renewable sources of energy, this paper proposes a Monte Carlo based method to determine an optimal level of this change. Considering the limitation of the w MoreConsidering the growing trend of the consumption of the electric power and the global tendency to substitute new renewable sources of energy, this paper proposes a Monte Carlo based method to determine an optimal level of this change. Considering the limitation of the wind farms in continuous supply of electric power, hydrostatic power storage facilities are used beside wind farms so that the electric power could be stored and fed in a continuous flow into power systems. Due to the gradual exclusion of conventional generators and 5 percent annual load increments, LOLE index was used in order to calculate the amount of the wind power and the capacity of the necessary power storage facility. To this end, LOLE index was calculated for the first year as the reference index for the estimation of the amount of wind power and the capacity of the storage facility in consequent years. For the upcoming years, calculations have been made to account for the gradual exclusion of conventional generators in proportion to load increments. The proposed method has been implemented and simulated on IEEE-RTS test system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - A Historical Analysis of Views on the Role of Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf Thaqafī in Establishing the Final Text of the Holy Qurʾan
Hadi Gholamrezaii Kavous RoohibarandaghIn the books of Quranic sciences, we see numerous and sometimes contradictory materials about the role of Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf in the recognition of the current text of the Holy Qurʾan. Ḥajjāj's character and especially Sajestāni's narrative of his eleven changes have becom MoreIn the books of Quranic sciences, we see numerous and sometimes contradictory materials about the role of Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf in the recognition of the current text of the Holy Qurʾan. Ḥajjāj's character and especially Sajestāni's narrative of his eleven changes have become an excuse to doubt the authenticity of the Qur’an. In this article, we collected, criticized and analyzed the sayings of Muslim scholars and orientalists with descriptive-analytical method and analyzed what Ḥajjāj did in relation to the Qurʾan and what was his motivation for this work. According to this research, Sajestāani's narrative is acceptable by providing explanations and does not contradict the validity of the Qurʾan. The main work of Ḥajjāj has been promoting the ʿUttomān Muṣḥaf and completing the project of Tawḥīd Muṣaḥaf and eliminating incorrect recitations, especially the recitations of ibn Masʿūd. A goal that Ḥajjāj, like ʿUthmān, could not fully achieve. His motivation was also the love of ʿUthmān and the hatred of the Qariyans and Mawālī for appearing in the war of ibn Ashʿath; A war that was about to destroy not only Ḥajjāj and Banī Umayyad but also the Islamic Caliphate forever. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Sensitivity based Reliability Analysis of Steel Moment-Resisting Frame Structures under the Impact of the Heavy Vehicle Collision
Abbasali Sadeghi Hamid kazemi Maysam SamadiOver recent decades, regarding the spread of unusual events such as fires, explosions, and vehicle collisions, the study of the behavior of structures subjected to abnormal loadings has been taken into account by the researchers and structural engineers. In this study, MoreOver recent decades, regarding the spread of unusual events such as fires, explosions, and vehicle collisions, the study of the behavior of structures subjected to abnormal loadings has been taken into account by the researchers and structural engineers. In this study, 2 and 5-story steel moment-resisting frame structures have been considered under the heavy vehicle collision impact. They are modeled in OpenSees software two-dimensionally with regarding to uncertainty in materials and applied loads and the sensitivity based reliability analysis of the studied random parameters is performed in Matlab software. Then, the effect of each of the variables is investigated using simulation-based methods according to limit state functions based on the maximum permitted beam rotation of damaged bay of frames. The results of this study presented that the random variables such as mass and velocity of vehicle and yield strength of material were the most influential parameters in calculating the failure probability in representative structures. Also, the control variates-based subset simulation (CSS) method compared to Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) approach estimated the failure probability with permissible error rate, less sample number and the minimum computer processing time duration. Furthermore, the results of this research indicated that by increasing the number of stories of the building, the probability of its failure due to vehicle collision increased. According to the results of this study, the value of beam rotation of damaged bay parameter of the 5-story frame compared to 2-story one has increased by 55, 18 and 33% under the LSF1, LSF2 and LSF3 functions, respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Evaluation and reliability performance determination of double- curved concrete dam (Karun 4)
peyman shademan mehdi amriThis paper seeks to design and shape a method for analyzing the functional reliability of the double-arch concrete dam. The quasi-stimulation was used to analyze the characteristics of possible concrete dam under seismic loading random stimulation is calculated. Meanwhi MoreThis paper seeks to design and shape a method for analyzing the functional reliability of the double-arch concrete dam. The quasi-stimulation was used to analyze the characteristics of possible concrete dam under seismic loading random stimulation is calculated. Meanwhile, response surface methodology based on the weighted regression method, combined with the reliability, performance calculated double-arch concrete. Finally, according to data from a random sample, was considered to be the convergence and stability of this method validation and analysis. Karun 4 earthquake-prone area of high seismic risk areas and the risks of earthquakes in this area is high. Keywords: concrete dam; random times, reliability function; quasi-stimulation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Scale Validation of Persian Basic Psychological Needs Scale in E-learning Setting
Akram Kharazmi Hossein Kareshki Mahdi MoshkiThe aim of this research was providing Persian version of the basic psychological needsquestionnaire (Sorebo et al., 2009) and investigating its factor structure, reliability and validity among Iranian students in virtual courses. This was a cross sectional, descriptive MoreThe aim of this research was providing Persian version of the basic psychological needsquestionnaire (Sorebo et al., 2009) and investigating its factor structure, reliability and validity among Iranian students in virtual courses. This was a cross sectional, descriptive and correlational study conducted on 218 e-learning students of Hadith Sciences University in Mashhad. The sampling was performed with available sampling method. First, BPNS was translated from English to Persian and its face validity was confirmed by three e-learning specialists and three e-learning students. Then it was filled by the e-learning students. The validity of the questionnaire was examined by internal consistency and structure reliability with both methods of confirmatory factor analysis and heuristic analysis using SPSS and LISREL softwares. The Chronbach's alpha coefficients for all subscales and total scale were satisfied in terms of psychometric properties. The factor structure of BPNS using the exploratory factor analysis supported the 3 main factors model which explained 41 percent of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis results also indicated that items are good fit.Then, according to the evidence, BPNS in e-learning setting has good reliability and validity in Iranian population and is an appropriate tool for assessing the motivational and psychological aspects of learning in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Testing the Validity of Internet Attitudes Questionnaire in Selected Sample of University Students
Mohammad Ali ZakiInternet is an important part of everyday life of the present society. The Technology Acceptance Model of Davis tries to give analysis of how to use internet. Attitudes towards internet are one of the variables of the model. The present paper tries to test validity of a MoreInternet is an important part of everyday life of the present society. The Technology Acceptance Model of Davis tries to give analysis of how to use internet. Attitudes towards internet are one of the variables of the model. The present paper tries to test validity of attitudes towards internet. The data in this study was collected among BA and MA male and female students from Isfahan University and Islamic Azad University, Dehaghan Branch using survey research. The tool used was Jones and Clark questionnaire on attitudes towards internet. The results indicated that the students’ attitudes towards internet were expressed at a high level. Significant difference in attitudes towards the internet based on sex, kind of university and level of education was not observed. The reliability of the research tool was 0.84. The factor analysis confirmed that all 40 items of the tool could be reduced to three factors, which indicates the constructor validity of the tool. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Testing and Validating of the Computer Anxiety Scale (CAS) among Male and Female Trainees of Computer Institutes in Esfahan
Mohammad Ali ZakiComputer anxiety is one of the current issues in computer researches. The starting point in computer anxiety analysis is the use of precise and reliable tools in measurement. The purpose of the study is testing and validating computer anxiety scales. The research method MoreComputer anxiety is one of the current issues in computer researches. The starting point in computer anxiety analysis is the use of precise and reliable tools in measurement. The purpose of the study is testing and validating computer anxiety scales. The research method was a survey one. The statistical population included all male and female trainees of computer sciences in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 200 male and female trainees were selected through multi-stage simple random sampling method. Bandalos and Benson Computer Anxiety scale (1990) was used as the instrument to gather data. The reliability of the instrument was estimated through Cronbach Alpha for all male and female trainees 0/815; 0/84 and 0/78 respectively. Construct validity (factor analysis) showed that CAS can be reduced to two factors (positive and negative factor trend). CAS among the trainees was under estimated and there was no significant difference between male and female trainees. The results showed that the more the trainees use computer, the less anxiety they would have. There was no significant difference between computer anxiety and the level of education among the subjects; however, having a computer at home had significant effect in reducing anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Designing a Model to Determine the Reliability and Ranking of Suppliers of Electronic Components Based on the Failure Rate
Mehdi Latifi Morteza ShafieeChoosing the right suppliers is the basis of a successful supply chain and a key factor for improving competitiveness. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the quality and failure rate of the parts that provided by the suppliers. In doing so,&nb MoreChoosing the right suppliers is the basis of a successful supply chain and a key factor for improving competitiveness. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the quality and failure rate of the parts that provided by the suppliers. In doing so, the evaluation approach based on the failure rate was used and the reliability of the suppliers was determined and their ranking was done. As a result, the research method used is applied in nature and its method is contextual-case. Moreover, for the purpose of a case study, the suppliers of seven separate supply chains of an electrical appliance manufacturing company in Shiraz were examined that each of the chains included eight suppliers. Besides, in order to evaluate and establish the supplier's reliability model based on the failure rate, a parallel system was used. Finally, by calculating the reliability, the failure rate of the supplier's manufactured product was obtained. The results showed that this failure rate is a suitable criterion for comparing the output quality or the products of suppliers. Thus, it is possible to rate the suppliers based on this obtained model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Software Rejuvenation Technique-An Improvement in Applications
Zahra Rahmani Ghobadi -
Open Access Article
230 - Reliability Evaluation in Tree-structured Grid Services with Colored Petri Net
Mirsaeid Hosseini Shirvani Mahdie Khanramaki -
Open Access Article
231 - Evaluation of reliability of object-oriented systems based on Cohesion and Coupling Fuzzy computing
Samira Kalantari Masoomeh Alizadeh Homayoun Motameni -
Open Access Article
232 - Multi-objective Placement of Capacitor Banks in Distribution System using Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm
Abbas Baghipour Saeed Fallahian -
Open Access Article
233 - Codifying and reliability measuring of Ecotourism Entrepreneurship Development indexes in Rural Region
حمدالله سجاسی قیداری عبدالرضا رکن الدین افتخاری مهدی پورطاهریEcotourism Entrepreneurship Development indexes are one of strategic criteria for planning and assessment of Ecotourism Entrepreneurship Development project in rural region. Thus, could assessed amount of proceed or effect of Ecotourism Entrepreneurship projects on achi MoreEcotourism Entrepreneurship Development indexes are one of strategic criteria for planning and assessment of Ecotourism Entrepreneurship Development project in rural region. Thus, could assessed amount of proceed or effect of Ecotourism Entrepreneurship projects on achieving to goals in each stage, with using of these criteria. The present gaps in this phase, cause that Ecotourism Entrepreneurship Development planning, codified far from considering the native and precise indexes and then, it difficult targeting and assessment of plans. Therefore, this article, try to codify and measuring reliability of Ecotourism Entrepreneurship Development native indexes in Iran rural region, to planners and Ecotourism Entrepreneurship researchers could use of this approved index by aware elites and expert in rural Ecotourism Entrepreneurship studies and even rural tourism Entrepreneurship or assessment of related project.For attain to this goal, descriptive and analytical methodology using data from a questionnaire in the expert's level. Thus, 36 indexes extract from Theatrical base and judged by 42 aware elites and expert through questioner. Reliability measuring and elites and expert agreement obtain by using of TOPSIS technique and other technique of ranking. Also, had been used of Uman Witnwey sample in SPSS software for compare the view of university elites with expert in other organization related with tourism Entrepreneurship. The result show that all of indexes are more than moderate and among of variety dimension, policies and law procedure dimension is the most important rather other dimensions of Ecotourism Entrepreneurship. From other side, the weight of each index was separately calculated that Eco touristic opportunity index with 0.112 is upper and green physical infrastructure index with 0.001 is lowest weighted index.Ecotourism and ecotourism economic, in it’s actually concept has not been considered in Iran. Therefore, in the future researches could emphasis on tourism entrepreneurship spatially in ecotourism.Finally, the result of Uman Witney sample show that all of indexes are agreed by elites and expert, then are approved and applicable for the future studies. This study is innovation for emphases to the ecotourism entrepreneurship index, and can use by rural planning, tourism development and entrepreneurship researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Civil liability of the Iranian government in misdiagnosis and collection of taxes and its social effects on the trust of taxpayers
mohamadali noormohamadi Seyd Mohamadmehdi ghamami Askar JalalianThe subject was examined using the qualitative content analysis method.The issue of social trust of actors (taxpayers) was explained using legal and sociological perspectives such as Bourdieu, Coleman, Putnam, Fukuyama.First of all,it should be noted that taxes are the MoreThe subject was examined using the qualitative content analysis method.The issue of social trust of actors (taxpayers) was explained using legal and sociological perspectives such as Bourdieu, Coleman, Putnam, Fukuyama.First of all,it should be noted that taxes are the main source of government revenue for the performance of its duties,and in accordance with Article 51 of the Constitution,no taxes are levied except in the case of exemptions and tax deductions are specified by law.One of the most fundamental goals of taxation is to increase social welfare, which due to the declining law of ultimate desirability of money by taxing economic actors and reaching lower incomes and the poor, social welfare increases and is closer to justice.Studies show that whenever tax payment loses its social justification, is obedience becomes generally accepted and replaces tax compliance as a pervasive social norm in the relationship between formal and informal institutions of society.The findings indicate that the lack of transparency in tax laws and its social effects on the confidence of taxpayers means that there are different interpretations and directives for legal materials that confuse taxpayers and tax officials.herefore, transparency in the field of taxation will lead to social trust and also to the growth of social capital, and in a society where social capital is difficult, economic anomie will be created and economic anomie will lead to the maximum non-tax government selling raw It will be less accountable, so the more transparent the tax system, the more fundamentally it will transform the political economy and lead to the growth and development of a justice-based society.Since everything is political today, the role of governments in the transparent taxation process will be decisive, otherwise it will lead to the erosion of social trust, which will be a threat to the living world of tax actors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Reliability Analysis of Distributed System for Enhancing Data Replication using Gumbel-Hougaard Family Copula Approach Joint Probability Distribution
Ibrahim Yusuf Abdulkareem Ismail Nasir Sufi Faruku Ambursa Abdullahi Sanusi Muhammad Isa -
Open Access Article
236 - Reliability and Cost Analysis of Sachet Water Plant Using Copula Approach
Abdulkareem Ismail -
Open Access Article
237 - A dynamic approach for maintenance evaluation and optimization of multistate system
Zakaria Dahia Ahmed Bellaouar Jean-Paul Dron -
Open Access Article
238 - Copula Approach for Reliability and Performance Estimation of Manufacturing System
Ibrahim Yusuf Abdullahi Sanusi -
Open Access Article
239 - Performance assessment of a complex repairable system with k-out-of-n: G operational scheme and copula repair approach
Dhruv Raghav Suresh Sahani Vijay Singh Shakeeludeen Chaudhary -
Open Access Article
240 - Assessing the reliability of dynamic systems for safety units recovering flare gas, considering covariates
Abolghasem Nobakhti Sadigh Raissi Kaveh Khalili Damghani Roya Soltani -
Open Access Article
241 - Performance Assessment of a Serial System with Human Operators Attended by Repair Machines
Ibrahim Yusuf Hamisu Ayagi Wan Zhong Abdulkareem Ismail -
Open Access Article
242 - Optimization of single outsourcer–single subcontractor outsourcing relationship under reliability and maintenance constraints
Mohammed Haoues Mohammed Dahane Nadia Kinza Mouss -
Open Access Article
243 - Reliability optimization problems with multiple constraints under fuzziness
Neha Gupta Sanam Haseen Abdul Bari -
Open Access Article
244 - Fuzzy Reliability Optimization Models for Redundant Systems
ل Nematian -
Open Access Article
245 - A reliability-based maintenance technicians’ workloads optimisation model with stochastic consideration
D. E. Ighravwe S. A. Oke K. A. Adebiyi -
Open Access Article
246 - Optimizing the preventive maintenance scheduling by genetic algorithm based on cost and reliability in National Iranian Drilling Company
Habibollah Javanmard Abd al-Wahhab Koraeizadeh -
Open Access Article
247 - Qualitative and quantitative approaches to analyse reliability of a mechatronic system: a case
Rajiv Kumar Sharma Pooja Sharma -
Open Access Article
248 - Developing a cellular manufacturing model considering the alternative routes, tool assignment, and machine reliability
Sayyed Mahdi Sadat Khorasgani Mahdi Ghaffari -
Open Access Article
249 - Markov modeling and reliability analysis of urea synthesis system of a fertilizer plant
Anil Kr. Aggarwal Sanjeev Kumar Vikram Singh Tarun Kr. Garg -
Open Access Article
250 - A maintenance system model for optimal reconfigurable vibrating screen management
O. A. Makinde K. Mpofu B. I. Ramatsetse M. K. Adeyeri S. P. Ayodeji -
Open Access Article
251 - Developing an economical model for reliability allocation of an electro-optical system by considering reliability improvement difficulty, criticality, and subsystems dependency
Maryam Mohamadi Mahdi Karbasian -
Open Access Article
252 - Reliability analysis of repairable systems using system dynamics modeling and simulation
M. Srinivasa Rao V. N. A. Naikan -
Open Access Article
253 - The investigation of supply chain's reliability measure: a case study
Houshang Taghizadeh Ehsan Hafezi -
Open Access Article
254 - Systematic integrated approach to quantifying preventive diagnostics in a “smart” transport system
Natallia Yankevich -
Open Access Article
255 - Mathematical modeling and fuzzy availability analysis for serial processes in the crystallization system of a sugar plant
Anil Kr. Aggarwal Sanjeev Kumar Vikram Singh -
Open Access Article
256 - Reliability assessment of power distribution systems using disjoint path-set algorithm
Abdrabbi Bourezg H. Meglouli -
Open Access Article
257 - Reliability analysis of a robotic system using hybridized technique
Naveen Kumar Komal Komal J. S. Lather -
Open Access Article
258 - Redundancy allocation problem for k-out-of-n systems with a choice of redundancy strategies
Mahsa Aghaei Ali Zeinal Hamadani Mostafa Abouei Ardakan -
Open Access Article
259 - A stochastic model for the cell formation problem considering machine reliability
Bahman Esmailnezhad Parviz Fattahi Amir Saman Kheirkhah -
Open Access Article
260 - An interactive weighted fuzzy goal programming technique to solve multi-objective reliability optimization problem
Tanmay Kundu Sahidul Islam -
Open Access Article
261 - A fuzzy reliability model for series-parallel systems
S Sardar Donighi S Khanmohammadi -
Open Access Article
262 - A fuzzy approach to the evaluation of human factors in ultrasonic nondestructive examinations
J Domech Moré A.S Guimarães G Bonorino Xexéo R Tanscheit -
Open Access Article
263 - Reliability Index For Reinforced Concrete Frames Using Nonlinear Pushover And Dynamic Analysis
Ahmad A. Fallah Abdoreza S. Moghadam Saeed Mohammadzadeh -
Open Access Article
264 - What kind of test is suitable for measurement of Students’ Information Literacy skills at Payame-Noor University?
Fereidoon YazdaniObjective: the general aim of this research was to make a reliable and valid test for assessing the students’ information literacy at Payame-Noor University. Methodology: the method of this research was descriptive (survey) research, and statistical population of MoreObjective: the general aim of this research was to make a reliable and valid test for assessing the students’ information literacy at Payame-Noor University. Methodology: the method of this research was descriptive (survey) research, and statistical population of it included all students that enrolled in all branches of Payam-Noor University of Hamedan province. The total number of those were 28530 people. For sampling ofpopulation, a cluster sampling method was used. On the basis of this method, the 387 subjects were selected. For gathering of dada a research-made questionnaire was used. This questionnaire has made based on the Likert scale (very high, high, moderate, low, and very low). The component of scale (questionnaire) included 5 standard competency of ACRL. The questionnaire included 30 items in the form of self-report statements. For becoming suitable of items, the discriminative power method was used and formal, content and constructive (convergent validity and factor analysis) methods were used for validating of it. Based on the convergent validity, the correlation coefficient between my questionnaire and Asgharnia’s Questionnaire (2009) was 0.77. Also, results of explanatory factor analysis on the items of questionnaire lead to extraction of 6 factors with a total cumulative variance explained nearly 66/5%. Also, on the basis of confirmatory factor analysis, the 5 factors with a total cumulative variance explained nearly 63%, were extracted. For making items reliable, the Cronbach’s alpha was used (α=0.94). Findings: in general, results show that the research-made scale (information literacy questionnaire) is a suitable and reliable instrument for assessing the information literacy of distance learner. Also, other result of research shows that the level of students’ information literacy skills at Payam-e-Noor University is moderate. Conclusion: one of the results of this study was that the instrument (scale) is valid & reliable, so using this scale is proposed for assessing of Students’ Information Literacy at other branches of Payam-e-Noor University. Another result of research was that level of students’ information literacy in PNU isn’t desirable and there is a gap between status quo and desirable situation; therefore some interventions (such as: formal and informal instruction) for rising of students’ information literacy is proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - The Effect of Conservatism on Accounting Information Quality of Corporations Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
Fezeh Valizadeh Oghni Younes Badavar Nahandi Rasool Baradaran HasanzadehThis research focuses on the effect of conservatism on the accounting information quality. In this study the effect of conservatism on dimensions of relevancy and reliability of accounting information is surveyed. Earnings conservatism is measured using Givoly and Ha MoreThis research focuses on the effect of conservatism on the accounting information quality. In this study the effect of conservatism on dimensions of relevancy and reliability of accounting information is surveyed. Earnings conservatism is measured using Givoly and Hayn model, ernings relevancy is measured using predictability of future income by current income regression, and earnings reliability is measured using earnings stability. The purpose of this research is applied, and the research method is causal or ex-post method. The research population is the corporations listed in Tehran Stock Exchange since 2004 to 2011 of which 70 companies has been selected using systematic deletion method as samples. Regression model, Kolmogrov–Smirnov and Durbin-watson tests are used for testing research hypotheses.For analyzing data, SPSS statistical software and Excel spreadsheet are used. The research results represent that the earnings conservatism has no effect on the relevancy and reliability of information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - The Impact of the Auditor’s Tenure on the Quality of Information Disclosure in the Companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)
Yadollah Noorifard FatemehZahra SharbatiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the auditor’s tenure and the quality of information disclosure. The sample of the research consists of 94 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years between 2004 to 2012. The MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the auditor’s tenure and the quality of information disclosure. The sample of the research consists of 94 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years between 2004 to 2012. The results of theoretical research suggested that auditor’s tenure may influence on the quality of information disclosure through an effect on the auditing quality and independence. To measure the variable of disclosure quality, the advantages of each company are utilized. These advantages have been extracted by Tehran Stock Exchange Organization through notifications on the quality of information disclosure and proper informing. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between auditor tenure and disclosure quality with the use of multiple linear regression analysis and the separation of auditor tenure duration period into two short-term and long-term periods. The results indicated the existence of a significant and positive relationship between auditor’s tenure and disclosure quality. In other words, an increase in auditor’s tenure duration period will substantially lead to an increase in the disclosure quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - Replacement of International Accounting Standards with Iranian Accounting Standards: The Auditor’s Opinion to Stop Providing False Financial Statements
Roya Darabi Seyyed Mohammad Ali MirmasoumAccounting standards are rules governing how to do the accounting work. Accounting standards specify what information should be provided in financial reporting. The main objective of this study was to investigate the replacement of the Iranian accounting standards and i MoreAccounting standards are rules governing how to do the accounting work. Accounting standards specify what information should be provided in financial reporting. The main objective of this study was to investigate the replacement of the Iranian accounting standards and international accounting standards instead of surveys of auditors to avoid providing false financial statements. The population of this research include institutions that are members of the Accountants Community formed in 1394 to gather necessary information. To collect the theoretical foundation and statistical information of the research, library studies and questionnaires were used, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients was used for validity and reliability. Furthermore, benefits have been taken from Friedman test and software SPSS21 to analyze the data. It was concluded that in terms of the auditors’ judgments, compared to international accounting standard, Iranian accounting standards have more degree of reliability, intelligibility, appropriate functionality and will prevent rendering of false financial statements Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Evaluation of Relationship between Net Operating Asset and Return Stock
Mohammad Reza Askari Leila Baee LashakiAny decision on investment is considered as one of the most important decisions in terms of financial management. Since, the future benefits could not be certainly determined, investment necessarily bears risk. Therefore, it has to be evaluated through its expected v MoreAny decision on investment is considered as one of the most important decisions in terms of financial management. Since, the future benefits could not be certainly determined, investment necessarily bears risk. Therefore, it has to be evaluated through its expected value and the level of risk. As a result, deciding on investment indicates total assets of a company together with the composition of such assets and business risk in the eyes of the investors. This paper tends to study the relationship between the net operating asset and the share returns in the companies subscribed in Tehran stoke exchange during 2001 and 2008. This study can contribute to the investors and users in the best selection of shares groupout of various shares of stock Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - نقش استراتژیهای اجتماعی عاطفی مدرسین زبان انگلیسی در تمایل به ارتباط زبان آموزان: دیدگاه زبان آموزان
Nahid Zarei مهناز سعیدی سعبده آهنگریمطالعه حاضر با هدف طراحی و ارزیابی روایی سازه و پایایی پرسشنامه تمایل به ارتباط که استراتژی های اجتماعی-عاطفی مدرسین زبان انگلیسی را هدف قرار می دهد انجام شده است. شرکت کنند گان در این مطالعه، که با روش نمونه گیری غیر محتمل انتخاب شده بودند، 153 زبان آموز از سه آموزشگاه Moreمطالعه حاضر با هدف طراحی و ارزیابی روایی سازه و پایایی پرسشنامه تمایل به ارتباط که استراتژی های اجتماعی-عاطفی مدرسین زبان انگلیسی را هدف قرار می دهد انجام شده است. شرکت کنند گان در این مطالعه، که با روش نمونه گیری غیر محتمل انتخاب شده بودند، 153 زبان آموز از سه آموزشگاه معتبر انگلیسی در ایران بودند. پرسشنامه اولیه با 45 گویه با رجوع به مصاحبه متمرکز مدرسین زبان که قبلا توسط نویسندگان حاضر انجام شده بود و همچنین پیشینه طراحی شد. پس از تکمیل پرسشنامه توسط زبان آموزان، تجزیه تحلیل عامل اکتشافی انجام گرفت. نتیجه تحلیل منتهی به 37 گویه و شش عامل شد: الف) ایجاد تعامل مثبت (8 گویه) ، (ب) اشتیاق معلمان (6 گویه) ، (ج) رفتار منصفانه معلمان (5 گویه) ، (د) حضور و تمرکز معلمان ( 6 گویه) ، صمیمیت معلمان (6 گویه) و مهارتهای تدریس و مشارکت در فعالیتهای گروهی (6 گویه). معیارهای پایا یی نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و نتایج رضایت بخش بود. پس از مقایسه شش عامل با همدیگر، نتایج نشان داد که میزان اشتیاق و رفتار منصفانه معلمان مهمترین عامل در ارتقا تمایل به ارتباط زبان آموزان می باشند. در آخر پیامدهای این نتایج برای مدرسین و تربیت مدرسین و برای تحقیق بیشتر مورد بحث قرار گرفت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - Examining the doctor's responsibility in surgery by looking at jurisprudence
mohammadkazem rostami kafaki ebrahim yaghoti amrollah nikomaneshThe civil liability of the doctor, as one of the discussed categories in the field of civil liability and private rights, is very important. Civil liability in Iranian law is based on the theory of loss and accrual, according to the majority of jurisprudence. Based on t MoreThe civil liability of the doctor, as one of the discussed categories in the field of civil liability and private rights, is very important. Civil liability in Iranian law is based on the theory of loss and accrual, according to the majority of jurisprudence. Based on this, most of the jurists have justified the doctor's responsibility by relying on these two rules. The result of this is that the doctor is responsible in any case if he is responsible for harming the patient, whether it is prescribing the wrong medicine, or negligence in surgery, etc. It is known, and in case of incurring a loss, he is liable only in the case that he is at fault.According to the review of the historical course of the approved laws regarding the responsibility of the doctor in Iranian law, according to the Penal Law of 2012, if the doctor is not at fault in knowledge and action, there is no guarantee for him, even if he has not been acquitted (Comment 1, Article 495); In fact, the new penal law has accepted the basis of guilt. This is despite the fact that before this, the doctor was the guarantor of any damage caused to the patient during the treatment, even if he did not commit negligence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - The position of fault in civil and criminal regulations (analysis of the rule of loss and causation)
Muhammad Heidari Farahnaz Afzali QadiAbstract One of the rules that has been legislated to create civil liability and coercive guarantee and the legislator has formulated legal materials and compensation according to this rule, is the rule of loss and causation. The purpose of this study is to investigate MoreAbstract One of the rules that has been legislated to create civil liability and coercive guarantee and the legislator has formulated legal materials and compensation according to this rule, is the rule of loss and causation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of guilt in criminal and civil regulations and as the pillars of the perpetrator's responsibility from the perspective of jurists and jurists. Jurists consider fault as one of the pillars of responsibility, but believe that in the guarantee of loss, fault is not a condition, but attribution is a condition, but in addition to attribution, fault is also a condition. Therefore, in the lawsuits filed under the heading of causation, the injured party must, in addition to proving the loss, also prove the existence of fault. But Imami jurists do not differentiate between loss and causation and believe that the perpetrator of harm is the direct agent or agent of causation, it does not change anything and what is important is to achieve the loss and the need to compensate it even if the fault is not realized and the current It can also be done involuntarily. And it is not important to separate the loss into direct (direct factor) and causal (indirect factor). The results of research show that the rule of causation is closely related to the rule of loss and as such is one of the effective jurisprudential rules in guarantee. And in cases where the cause is stronger than the steward, that is, it was the perfect cause for loss, instead of the rule of loss, the rule of causation applies. In both rules, there are elements of responsibility and the difference in the cases should not be confused with the difference between the two generals and the general principle in compensation is that the damage can be attributed and customarily attributed to the perpetrator of the damage and can be claimed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - Criminal liability of telemedicine service providers
Amir Samawati Piruz Sogand AsgariToday, there is no clear boundary between the sciences, many specialties are located between the sciences, including e-health and telemedicine. Of course, in general, this science can not be considered specific to health sciences or only in the field of information tech MoreToday, there is no clear boundary between the sciences, many specialties are located between the sciences, including e-health and telemedicine. Of course, in general, this science can not be considered specific to health sciences or only in the field of information technology. However, telemedicine is one of the technologies that is expected to dramatically change the pattern of health care delivery, as it has already revolutionized many areas of this science, namely medicine. This technology is used as a communication tool that connects healthcare professionals and patients in different areas through telephone, wireless, fax, video conferencing and the Internet and many other means of communication and the possibility of providing medical services to patients without need. Provides for their physical presence. On the other hand, many other problems and issues related to the relationship between the patient and the physician, events and incidents that may occur in this regard and following various medical and therapeutic operations, although in traditional medicine and in other words where between the physician And the patient is not a barrier and the distance is largely resolved, but in relation to telemedicine this issue is debatable and needs to be studied and pondered. In medical services provided to the patient through the medical system remotely, the medical center where these services are provided is a party to the patient's contract, although in this case the contractual relationship between the patient and the telemedicine is not assumed, Subordinate form and based on principles such as employer responsibility, replacement responsibility and apparent representation with the medical center is discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Criminal liability of the surgical team in remote and robotic surgeries
Amir Samawati Piruz ُSogand AsgariTelemedicine covers a wide range of services such as teleconsultation, teleradiology and telecurgery; Providing telemedicine services to patients requires their informed satisfaction with the way services are provided, the treatment method and the potential risks of thi MoreTelemedicine covers a wide range of services such as teleconsultation, teleradiology and telecurgery; Providing telemedicine services to patients requires their informed satisfaction with the way services are provided, the treatment method and the potential risks of this method; the advancement of technology and the use of robotic surgery services is an effective step in medical science, including the benefits of patient access. Areas deprived of the expertise of this science do not need to travel long distances through the Internet and related technologies, but the potential dangers of this new technology require clarification of related laws, regulations and legal interpretations to maximize patients' rights. And better supported. Software and hardware disorders disrupt the surgical process and cause injury to the patient and may lead to the patient's death, so it should be considered separately and according to the consequences of each of these disorders, The differential criteria explained the criminal responsibility of the surgical team. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - The rule of "expulsion with guarantee" and the civil liability of the government, according to the views of Imam Khomeini
Fariba Qanbarian Zadeh Mahabadi Sayyed Muhammad Musawi BujnurdiThe rule of expulsion with guarantee is one of the prophetic rules; The meaning of this noble hadith which is narrated from the Holy Prophet (PBUH); It means that: benefits are against guarantee. Whoever becomes the guarantor and responsible for something will benefit f MoreThe rule of expulsion with guarantee is one of the prophetic rules; The meaning of this noble hadith which is narrated from the Holy Prophet (PBUH); It means that: benefits are against guarantee. Whoever becomes the guarantor and responsible for something will benefit from it and benefit from it. In the works of the great jurists, this rule is limited to guaranteeing the interests of the Mostafa and the transaction sector. However, according to the different views of Imam Khomeini and Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi Bojnourd, this rule is one of the rulings of the government and Soltanieh and can be one of the specific principles of government civil liability. In this sense, the tax that the government collects from the people in the form of khums, zakat, etc., in return, has obligations to regulate public affairs. The purpose of this study is to first present the jurisprudential and legal concept of the expulsion rule with guarantee and then to examine the application of this rule according to the views of Imam Khomeini and Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi Bojnourd in relation to government civil liability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Review of the types of collateral and its effects in commercial documents
Sam Sawadkuhi Far Susan Yusuf Zadeh HashiOne of the most important civic responsibility in society that many taxpayers subject to business rules in place, solidarity in its various forms. Warranty is one of the important aspects of business documents. The payment guarantee more business documents through the g MoreOne of the most important civic responsibility in society that many taxpayers subject to business rules in place, solidarity in its various forms. Warranty is one of the important aspects of business documents. The payment guarantee more business documents through the guarantee comes into action. Document holders, especially when banks receive from the issuer or quitter, guarantee reliable and demand have signed up to the donor facilities are responsible for the different types of liability for owners of solidarity with it or not and the responsibilities or works in business documents in question met this article is to address these questions has Tfsl. It seems that guarantee business documents according to multiple liability partnership may have different effects in a study conducted at the following this paper reviews the concept of we Vmsdaqy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Investigating the Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale
Mohsen mohammadpour somayeh pourshams marzieh kolivand Bahareh Moradhasel samira moradithe present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale. The method of descriptive-correlation research. 321 people were investigated by the available sampling method. Participants completed the In Morethe present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale. The method of descriptive-correlation research. 321 people were investigated by the available sampling method. Participants completed the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale (Pratcher et al., 2019), Basic Empathy Scale (Farrington, 2006), and Kessler& Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2002 to examine convergent and divergent validity. For data analysis, the internal consistency method was used using Cronbach's alpha method, and for construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis was used. The results of factor analysis showed that the Cronbach& alpha coefficient for the total score of the scale was 0.87 and for the sub-components of presence, awareness of self and others, non-judgmental acceptance and non-reactivity were 0.69, 0.83, 0.69 and 0.72, respectively. The interpersonal mindfulness scale showed a significant positive correlation with the basic empathy scale (0.429) and a negative correlation with psychological distress (-0.356). Based on the obtained results, interpersonal mindfulness can have positive relationship consequences in interpersonal interactions. In general, the Iranian version of the interpersonal mindfulness scale showed a 4-factor structure and good reliability and validity, and it can be used in various research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - The Mediation Roles of Self-System Processes and Academic Emotions in Relationship between Autonomy Supportive Environment and Academic Engagement
Farideh Yousefi Maryam Bordbarpurpose of present study was to investigate the mediating roles of self-system processes and academic emotions in the relationship between autonomy supportive environment and academic engagement. The sample consisted of 461 Shiraz University students. The research instr Morepurpose of present study was to investigate the mediating roles of self-system processes and academic emotions in the relationship between autonomy supportive environment and academic engagement. The sample consisted of 461 Shiraz University students. The research instruments included academic engagement questionnaire (Reeve, 2013), basic psychological needs scale (Gagne, 2003), autonomy supportive environment questionnaire (Assor et al, 2002 & Assor 2012), hope scale (Pekrun et al, 2002), curiosity questionnaire (Litman et al, 2010), and empathy questionnaire (Vossen et al, 2016). The findings showed that autonomy supportive environment had direct effects on self-system processes and academic engagement and an indirect effect on academic engagement by mediating of self-system processes and academic emotions. Autonomy supportive environment had an indirect effect on academic emotions by mediating of self-system processes. Self-system processes had direct effects on academic emotions and academic engagement, furthermore by mediating of academic emotions had an indirect effect on academic engagement. Academic emotions had a positive and significant effect on academic engagement. Accordingly, self-system processes and academic emotions played mediating roles in relationship between autonomy supportive environment and academic engagement Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - The Psychometric Properties of Cattell Fluid Intelligence Scale in Gifted Students
Marzieh Rahmani Haidar Ali Hooman Emad Ahmadi SartakhtiThe present research examined the practicality, reliability, validity and norming of Cattell's Fluid Intelligence Scale (Scale 3, Form A). 435 gifted high school students (215 girls, 220 boys) in the academic year of 2010-2011 were selected by multistage random sampling MoreThe present research examined the practicality, reliability, validity and norming of Cattell's Fluid Intelligence Scale (Scale 3, Form A). 435 gifted high school students (215 girls, 220 boys) in the academic year of 2010-2011 were selected by multistage random sampling method and completed Scale 3, Form A of Cattell Fluid Intelligence Scale (Cattell, 1978). Based on the correlation coefficient of each item with the overall score of the scale and factor analysis of the scale items, no item was omitted. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was estimated at 0.783. Results of principal component analysis and oblique rotation for determining construct validity led to the extraction of four factors: memory span, perception accuracy, perception speed and reasoning by induction. Findings were in accordance with the Cattell Fluid Intelligence Theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Developing a scale for measuring ego identity
Mohammad Taghi DelkhamoushThe development of a valid and reliable ego identity scale which takes into account the cultural characteristics of the Iranian society is a fundamental matter. To develop such scale, 442 female (N = 249) and male (N = 193) university students were administrated a resea MoreThe development of a valid and reliable ego identity scale which takes into account the cultural characteristics of the Iranian society is a fundamental matter. To develop such scale, 442 female (N = 249) and male (N = 193) university students were administrated a researcher-devised questionnaire, originating from Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (Adams, Bennion & Hugh, 1989, Adams, 1998). The structure and content of scale were analyzed, using the Smallest Space Analysis (SSA) technique. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Findings suggest the accuracy of four identity statuses of the questionnaire (achieved, moratorium, foreclosed and diffused) derived through internal consistency (alpha coefficients ranged from 0.77 to 0.85), and the reliability of Marcia’s theoretical model (1966) of ego identity (exploration and commitment) for measurement in Iranian culture. Content and structural analysis of ego identity made possible the identification of all above mentioned status of ego and showed that the constituted areas of identity status were clearly distinguishable. Data suggest that the developed scale of Ego Identity Measurement can be a reliable instrument for measuring ego identity in both genders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of the Devereux Student Strengths Assessment Scale
Mandana Sepanta Mahboobe Hashemi JuzdaniThe aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Devereux Student Strengths Assessment (DESSA; Lebuffe, Shapiro & Naglieri, 2009) scale in Iranian children. Seven hundred forty four children aged 5 to 14 years (384 girls and 360 boys) w MoreThe aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Devereux Student Strengths Assessment (DESSA; Lebuffe, Shapiro & Naglieri, 2009) scale in Iranian children. Seven hundred forty four children aged 5 to 14 years (384 girls and 360 boys) were selected by multistage random sampling method from Isfahan city in 2015-2016 academic year. The reliability of the DESSA was assessed via internal consistency, inter-item correlations. Factor structure of the scale was assessed by explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis. The validity of the DESSA was examined by the correlation between the subscales and divergent validity. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients in all subscales and the total scale for the participants of both genders had acceptable psychometric properties and most of the correlations range were more than .40. Explanatory factor analyses indicated eight factors model. Confirmatory factor analysis indices also indicated that items had good fit. Moreover, divergent validity of the DESSA with the Ratter's Child Behavior Questionnaire for parents was satisfactory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Psychometric Properties of the Academic Entitlement Scale
Mina Mahbod Mahboubeh FouladchangT he present study aimed to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Academic Entitlement Scale (AES) among Iranian university students. 451 university students were selected from Shiraz University in 2016 academic year using cluster rand MoreT he present study aimed to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Academic Entitlement Scale (AES) among Iranian university students. 451 university students were selected from Shiraz University in 2016 academic year using cluster random sampling method. To assess the reliability and internal consistency of the inventory, the correlation coefficient among items with the total score of factors, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis, the correlation coefficient among the subscales and discriminant validity were used. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed embedding items and the two-factor structure of the scale including externalized responsibility and entitled expectation. The correlation of perceived control scale’s dimensions and academic entitlement scale’s dimensions were -.24 to -.55. These results show the discriminant validity of the scale. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was in satisfactory level for each factor (for entitled expectation .72 and for externalized responsibility, .81) and the total score of the scale (.81). The findings suggest that the AES is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing executive functions of Iranian university students and can be used as a suitable instrument in psychological research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Psychometric properties of UPPS impulsive scale in high school students
Haidar Ali Hooman Shirin Kooshki Mahsa Amirbagloie DaryaniIn order to investigate the practicality, reliability, validity, and norming of UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale46 items Whiteside & Lynam, 2001), 560 high school students (281 females, 279 males) of Tehran were selected by multistage random sampling method. The resul MoreIn order to investigate the practicality, reliability, validity, and norming of UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale46 items Whiteside & Lynam, 2001), 560 high school students (281 females, 279 males) of Tehran were selected by multistage random sampling method. The results indicated that two items were omitted because of the negative and weak correlation with total score and weak factor loading. The reliability coefficient using Cronbach’s was 0.77. Using the principle component analysis and varimax rotation, four factors: lack of premeditation, sensation seeking, urgency and lack of perseverance, extracted which explained 33.9 percent of the total variance. Correlation between sensation seeking factor of the Impulsivity Scale with Zukerman Sensation Seeking Scale (Zackerman et al., 1978) was significant (r=0.45). Other factors of the Impulsivity Scale didn’t have significant correlations with Zukerman Sensation Seeking Scale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Validating the scale measuring attitude toward smoking among students
Gholam Reza Rajabi Zahra NaderiIn order to validate the Attitudes towards Smoking Scale Chamran University and Islamic Azad University, Arsenjan branch, participated in this study. Data were indicative of a high level of Internal Consistency of the ASS. MoreIn order to validate the Attitudes towards Smoking Scale Chamran University and Islamic Azad University, Arsenjan branch, participated in this study. Data were indicative of a high level of Internal Consistency of the ASS. All the items of the scale were significantly correlated with the total score of Principal Components Analysis (Varimax Rotation) resulted in !" # $ %& " the variance. This research showed that for measuring people’s attitudes toward smoking, researchers can rely on ASS. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - psychometric properties of the behavior rating inventory of executive functioning-perschool version(teacher form)
Ali Mashhadi Jafar Hassani Zarrin Barerfan Parisa Njafi Gol Sharareh Daneshvarhe aim of the present study was to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P; Teacher Form). Three hundred and ninety preschool children between ages two and five were sele Morehe aim of the present study was to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P; Teacher Form). Three hundred and ninety preschool children between ages two and five were selected using multistage random sampling from Mashhad in 2011-2012 academic year. The participants’ teachers completed the BRIEF-P. The reliability of the inventory was assessed by internal consistency and item-rest correlations. In order to investigate the validity of the inventory, factor analysis and concurrent validity were used. The Cronbach’s alpha and item-rest correlations indicated satisfactory reliability of the inventory and its subscales. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated five factor (inhibition, shift, emotional control, working memory, and planning/organization) and three factor (inhibitory self-control, flexibility and metacognition) models. Moreover, convergent validity of the BRIEF-P (teacher form) with the CBCL was satisfactory. The findings suggested that the BRIEF-P(teacher form) may be a useful tool in assessing preschoolers’executive functioning and can be used in Iranian psychological research and clinical settings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Washington University Sentences Completion Test (WUSCT)
Ashraf Sadat Mousavi Parviz Azad Fallah Mohsen Dehghani, Hojatolah FarahaniThis study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties (validity, reliability and factorial structure) of the Persian version of the Washington University Sentences Completion Test (WUSCT; Hy & Loevinger 1996) for evaluating ego development. Two hundred and eig MoreThis study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties (validity, reliability and factorial structure) of the Persian version of the Washington University Sentences Completion Test (WUSCT; Hy & Loevinger 1996) for evaluating ego development. Two hundred and eighty nine undergraduate students (143 females, 146 males) were selected from different disciplines of Tehran University using convenience sampling. The guilt subscale of the Personal Feeling Questionnaire (Harder & Zalma, 1990) and the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale (Kelley, et al., 1985) were used for studying divergent validity. The results indicated that the WUSCT had appropriate internal consistency (ranged from 0/118 to 0/326). The Cronbach α and 2-weeks test-retest reliability were .781 and .876, respectively. The negative correlation of the WUSCT with self-destructiveness demonstrated the divergent validity of the WUSCT. The WUSCT could discriminate the group with high ego development from the group with low guilt and self-destructiveness which indicated the discriminant validity of the WUSCT. The factorial analyses indicated that the WUSCT was unidimensional. The findings suggest that the Persian version of the WUSCT is a valid and reliable tool for assessing ego development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - psychometric testing of the multidimensional perfectionism cognitions inventory
Negin Motamed Yeganeh Omid Shokrithe present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory-English (MPCI-E; Kabori, 2006) among Iranian students. Three hundred university students (156 males, 144 females) completed the MPCI-E and the P Morethe present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory-English (MPCI-E; Kabori, 2006) among Iranian students. Three hundred university students (156 males, 144 females) completed the MPCI-E and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988). The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and internal consistency were used to assess factorial validity and reliability of the MPCIE, respectively. The divergent validity of the MPCI-E were assessed through correlations between MPCI-E scales and past-week positive and negative affect. The results of principal component analysis (PC) and oblique rotation indicated that the MPCI-E consisted of three factors: personal standards, concern over mistakes, and pursuit of perfection. Goodness-of-fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three extracted factors. A differential pattern of significant correlations between the MPCI-E and positive and negative affect demonstrated divergent validity of the MPCI-E. Internal consistencies of the MPCI-E subscales were good. In sum, these findings provided evidence for the validity and reliability of the MPCI-E as a multidimensional measure of perfectionism cognitions in Iranian students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Exp;oring the validity,reliability and factor structure pf adolescent coping strategies
Parirokh Dadsetan Marzie Hajizadegan Ahmad Alipour Ali AsgariThis study investigated the validity, reliability and factor structure of Adolescent Coping strategies (Frydenberg & Lewis, a e through multi-stage sampling method and administe MoreThis study investigated the validity, reliability and factor structure of Adolescent Coping strategies (Frydenberg & Lewis, a e through multi-stage sampling method and administered the ACS and Persian version of Defense Mechanism Questionnaire (Andrews, Singh, & Bond, - sults based on item analysis (item-total correlation & ! the total) constituted a sub-scale (apathetic withdrawal) whit alpha coefficient " # $ % & - retest coefficient for the scale were "'' & " respectively. The result of principle component analysis (PC) and Promax rotation suggested the structure of the scale in && &( try & anticipation, focus of the positive, denial, passive aggression, seek spiritual support, physical recreation). Goodness-of-fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis ) of second-order factor analysis showed the model of two first order factors as adjusted (with - djusted (with one-factor model. The positive correlation coefficients between the factors of ACS and Defense Mechanism Questionnaire confirmed the convergent validity of the scale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Psychometric Properties of the Self-Esteem Contingency Questionnaire for Adolescents
Sohrab Amiri Amir Ghasemi Navab Yuosef JamaliThis study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties the Self-esteem Contingency Questionnaire for Adolescents (SCQA; Wouters, & et al., 2016 ) among student population. Two hundred and eighty six students were selected by using multi-stage cluster sampling. The MoreThis study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties the Self-esteem Contingency Questionnaire for Adolescents (SCQA; Wouters, & et al., 2016 ) among student population. Two hundred and eighty six students were selected by using multi-stage cluster sampling. The participants completed the SCQA, the Conditional Self-Worth Scale (Croker, & et al., 2003) and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Frost, et al., 1990). The validity of the SCQA was assessed by Cronbach's alpha, test-retest and splitting methods. The criterion validity of the SCQA was assessed using the Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. The results indicated that the discriminant and convergent validity of the SCQA were desirable and the stability of the SCQA. The factor structure of the was assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the factor analysis indicated that the Self-esteem Contingency Questionnaire for Adolescents (SCQA) had eight factors. Overall, the findings suggests that the Self-esteem Contingency Questionnaire for Adolescents has a good psychometric properties in a sample of Iranian Adolescent Students and can be used in the Iranian culture -related studies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Psychometric Properties of the Self-Esteem Inventory for Children
Raana Ravan Parsa Mohtaram Nemat TavousiThe study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory (CFSEI; Battle, 2002). The inventory was administered to 600 students (300 girls, 300 boys) aged between 6 and 8 years. The participants were selected from public preschoo MoreThe study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory (CFSEI; Battle, 2002). The inventory was administered to 600 students (300 girls, 300 boys) aged between 6 and 8 years. The participants were selected from public preschools, and from the first and the second grade of public primary schools located in northern and southern parts of Tehran using stage sampling method. The results of criterion validity, differential validity, and construct validity of the CFSEI were analyzed. To examine the convergent validity of the CFSEI, the Piers-Harris Children’s Self Concept Scale (PHCSCS; Piers, 1984) was used. The results indicated that CFSEI had a positive and significant association with the PHCSCS. To establish the divergent validity of the CFSEI, the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS; Spence, 1998) was used. The results indicated that the CFSEI had a negative and significant association with the SCAS. Except for one question which didn’t have an acceptable coefficient of determination which was removed from the CFSEI, the validity of the CFSEI was confirmed. To establish the reliability of the CFSEI, split half, test-retest and Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 were used. The results indicated that the CFSEI had good reliability. The findings suggest that the CFSEI is a reliable and valid tool to employ with Iranian children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Psychometric Properties of Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire
Hamid Barani Mahboobeh Fooladchang Mohsen Arbezi Ziba KabiriThe aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Kraaij & Garnefski's behavioral emotion regulation questionnaire (BERQ). The present study was a correlational study, and more precisely the validation of the test. The study participants MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Kraaij & Garnefski's behavioral emotion regulation questionnaire (BERQ). The present study was a correlational study, and more precisely the validation of the test. The study participants were 291 people (121 male, 170 female) who were studying in 1398-99 academic year at Shiraz University and completed Kraaij & Garnefski's behavioral emotion regulation questionnaire (2019), Garnefski et al.'s cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (2001), Chen et al.'s Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (2015) and Costa & McCrae'sNeuroticisim subscale (1992). After translating the BERQ, Confirmatory factor analysis and correlation with other scales were used to determine the validity. Cronbach's alpha method was also used to evaluate the reliability. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the five factors of Seeking Distraction, Withdrawal, Actively Approaching, Seeking Social Support and Ignoring. The results of correlation with other tests also confirmed the convergent validity of the scale. Also, all Cronbach's alpha coefficients indicated a high internal consistency of the factors. The results show that the BERQ has a very good validity and reliability in Iranian students, and is effective in measuring behavioral emotion regulation in the five dimensions mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Factor Structure, Reliability and Validity of the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Questionnaire: Children Form-The Persian Version
Tayebeh Shahmoradifar Hossein Karsazi Ali Fathi Ashtiani,The aim of this study was to provide Persian version of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Questionnaire (Cooper, Stirling, Dawe, Pugnaghi, & Corr, 2017). in children and the factor structure, reliability and validity in Iranian children. The English version MoreThe aim of this study was to provide Persian version of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Questionnaire (Cooper, Stirling, Dawe, Pugnaghi, & Corr, 2017). in children and the factor structure, reliability and validity in Iranian children. The English version of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Questionnaire was performed on 314 (135 boys and 179 girls) students from third to sixth grades of primary school at 2016-2017 in Tehran and the reliability of Persian version of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Questionnaire in children was assessed via internal consistency and item-rest correlations. Factor structure of the scale was examined using exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysisextraction method and the validity of questionnaire was examined via correlation between the subscales and criterion validity. The exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire supported the 3-factor model of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Questionnaire in children which explained 37.78% of the variance. The factors included Behavioral Inhibition System, Behavioral approach system and Fight-Flight-Freeze System. The results showed that 3 subscales of Persian version of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Questionnaire in children had a good internal consistency and most of the correlations range more than 0.4 and only question 18 was deleted from the questionnaire due to factor load below 0.30%. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis also indicated a good fit of the items. In addition, the pattern of subscales correlation coefficients and Concurrent criterion validity of the questionnaire with the child version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski, Rieffe, Jellesma, Terwogt, & Kraaij, 2007)indicated a good validity of this scale. According to the results of this study, it can be said that the Persian version of the reinforcement sensitivity questionnaire of children has a good reliability and validity in Iranian society and is an appropriate tool for identifying children's basic motivational and emotional traits Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - Preliminary Properties of Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale (Parent Version)
Naeime Talaeinejad Saeed Ghanbari MohammadAli Mazaheri Ali AsgariThe aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale-ParentVersion (SAAS-P) (Hahn, Hajilian, Eisen, Winder, & Pincus, 2003) among 4-6 year old children. Three hundred and two preschool children selected MoreThe aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale-ParentVersion (SAAS-P) (Hahn, Hajilian, Eisen, Winder, & Pincus, 2003) among 4-6 year old children. Three hundred and two preschool children selected by available sampling from sixteen kindergartens in district 1 of Tehran, Iran. The children’s mothers completed the SAAS-P and the Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) (Spence, Rapee, McDonald, & Ingram, 2001). The reliability of the scale was examined usingthe internal consistency estimation. All subscales of the SAAS-P displayed moderate to high internal consistency (0.62 to 0.74). In order to investigate the validity of the scale, factor analysis and concurrent validity were used. Concurrent validity of the scale was supported by high correlation with the Preschool Anxiety Scale. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyse ssupported the four-factor model of the scale. The analyses of the psychometric properties suggested that the SAAS-P is a promising measure of separation anxiety that can be employed in clinical situations and to be used to screen children with separation anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Core Self-Evaluations Scale: The Formation of a Construct
Mohtaram Nemat Tavousi Mahboobeh MohammadAli SharifiThis study investigated reliability, validity and confirmatory factor structure of the Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES; Judge, Erez, Bono & Thoresen, 2003). Six hundred and twenty two students (198 males, 424 females) were selected using multi-stage sampling metho MoreThis study investigated reliability, validity and confirmatory factor structure of the Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES; Judge, Erez, Bono & Thoresen, 2003). Six hundred and twenty two students (198 males, 424 females) were selected using multi-stage sampling method. The participants completed the CSES, the Personal Views Survey (PVS; Hardiness Institute, 1985), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965), the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES; Judge, Locke, Durham & Kluger,1998), the Internality, Powerful Others and Chance Scale (IPC; Levenson,1981), the Youth Coping Index (YCI; McCubbin, Thompson & Elver, 1996), the Neuroticism Scale of the Eysenck Personality Inventory (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1968),the Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form (BDI-SF; Beck & Beck, 1972). The factor structure of theCSESwas assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.The results indicated that the CSES had a good internal consistency. The Cronbach α and 2-weeks test-retest reliability were .87 and .82, respectively. The positive correlation of the CSES with the Personal Views Survey, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, the Internality, Powerful Others and Chance Scale, and the Youth Coping Index indicated the convergent validity of the CSES. The negative correlation of the CSES with the Neuroticism Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory indicated the divergent validity of the CSES. The factorial analyses indicated that the CSES Scale was unidimensional.The findings suggest that the Core Self-Evaluations Scale has a good psychometric properties in a sample of Iranian Students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - The reliability and validity of the satisfaction with life scale
Ali Asghar Bayani A. Mohammad Koocheky Hossnieh GoodarziThe reliability and validity of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et a - - pleted the SWLS. The reliability of the SWLS was tested ! "# MoreThe reliability and validity of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et a - - pleted the SWLS. The reliability of the SWLS was tested ! "# !- plying the method of test- "$ % - dity of the SWLS was evaluated through convergent validity with the application of both Oxford Happiness Inve- "&'() * + , - ! - "+-(+ , SWLS showed a positive correlation with OHI and a negative one with BDI. The research suggest that SWLS is a useful scale in Iranian psychological research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - Validation a scale for measuring entrepreneurship of managers in governmental organizations
Nasrin Sohrabifard Ali Akbar Khosravi Heidar Ali Hoomanthis study attempted to devise and validate a scale for measuring entrepreneurship among managers of the Tehran area’s governmental organizations. A random of Iran, participated in this research. In the first stage, Morethis study attempted to devise and validate a scale for measuring entrepreneurship among managers of the Tehran area’s governmental organizations. A random of Iran, participated in this research. In the first stage, a -item questionnaire scale from one to four was used. The results of this stage of the study showed that the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ! d the item-total Polyserial correlations of seven items were not significant. In " lacked significant factor loading were omitted from the # $ reliability %& & analysis, using a varimax rotation, resulted in the following components: endeavor risk taking, locus of control, fluency, creativity and innovation, flexibility, and uncertainty and ambiguity tolerance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - Reliability and validity of the oxford happiness inventory among iranians
Ahmad Alipour Mojgan Agah HerisIn order to test the reliability and validity of the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI; Argyle, 2001), a sample of 142 Iranian males and 227 Iranian females, age 18-53 (Mean = 25), completed the OHI, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck et al., 1979), and the Eysenk P MoreIn order to test the reliability and validity of the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI; Argyle, 2001), a sample of 142 Iranian males and 227 Iranian females, age 18-53 (Mean = 25), completed the OHI, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck et al., 1979), and the Eysenk Personality Questionnaire (EPQ, 1999). Test of the internal con- sistency of the OHI revealed that all 29 items were highly correlated with the total score. The Cronbach’s alpha for the inventory was 0.91. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the OHI and the BDI and Extraversion and Neuroticism of EPQ subscales were respectively -0.48, 0.45, and -0.39, confirming their convergent and divergent validity. Factor analysis extracted five factors including life satisfaction, self-esteem, subjective well-being, self satisfaction, and positive affect, with an eigenvalue of greater than one that could explain 49.7% of the total variance. The Iranian participants’ mean score on the OHI (M = 42.07) differed from that of participants in the Ar- gyle’s study (M = 35.6). The results showed that the OHI is a reliable and valid inventory for measuring happiness among Iranians. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - The Psychometric Properties of the Adolescents' Positive Development Inventory
Khadijeh Moradi Hassan Asadzadeh Abolfazl Karami Mahmod NajafiThe aim of the present study was to examine psychometric properties of the Positive Youth Development Inventory (PYDI; Arnold, Nott, & Meinhold, 2012). Four hundred students were randomly selected from senior high schools of Tehran city using multistage sampli MoreThe aim of the present study was to examine psychometric properties of the Positive Youth Development Inventory (PYDI; Arnold, Nott, & Meinhold, 2012). Four hundred students were randomly selected from senior high schools of Tehran city using multistage sampling method. The participants completed the PYDI. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability were between 0.74 and 0.83. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the PYDI had an acceptable fit. All fit indices supported the model. The results indicated the construct validity and factorial structure of the PYDI as well. The composite reliability of second order latent factor had a coefficient of 0.91 which indicated a good reliability for the second order factor and whole inventory. The findings suggest that the PYDI has acceptable psychometric properties in Iranian adolescents and can be employed as a valid and reliable instrument in this population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Assessing the psychometric properthes of the ouality of life scale for diabetics(developing over aged 20-60)
Saeedeh Bazazian Asadollah RajabT his study assessed the reliability and validity of Quality of Life Scale for patients with diabetes (D-39, Boyer & Earp, 1997). 263 female and 197 male diabetic patients (age range 20-60 years) of the Iranian Diabetes Society completed the D- 39 and psychological MoreT his study assessed the reliability and validity of Quality of Life Scale for patients with diabetes (D-39, Boyer & Earp, 1997). 263 female and 197 male diabetic patients (age range 20-60 years) of the Iranian Diabetes Society completed the D- 39 and psychological well-being subscale of the Mental Health Inventory (Besharat, 1388). The coefficients of internal consistency and test-retest reliability, done in a 4 week interval, were 0.89 and 0.75 respectively. Results of principle component analysis using Promax rotation and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the structure of the D-39 scale contains the following factors: diabetes control, energy and mobility, social burden, anxiety and worry, diabetes complications and other illnesses, and sexual functioning. These factors accounted for almost 64% of the variance. A significant negative correlation between the total score of the D-39, scores from its extracted sub-factors and the psychological well-being subscale of Mental Health Inventory confirmed the convergent validity of the scale. Differences among factors in the original scale and the Farsi version are discussed based on the age range of patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Cognitive Failures Questionnaire
Mahnaz ShahgholianThis study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the persian version of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. 300students (123 male and 177 female) were selected by cluster random sampling method. The subjects responded to the Cognitive Failures Questionna MoreThis study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the persian version of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. 300students (123 male and 177 female) were selected by cluster random sampling method. The subjects responded to the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire(Broadbent, Cooper, Fitzgerald & Parkes, 1982), Metacognition Questionnaire (Wells & Cartwright-Hatton, 2004), and Barkley Deficits in ExecutiveFunctioning Scale (Barkley, 2011). The results of the explorative factor analysis showed the 4 factors with an eigenvalue higher than 1 that wereexplaining 76.81% of variance together. Fit indexes of the confirmatory factor analysis model confirmed the fit of this questionnaire. The results of thecorrelation coefficient showed a significant positive relationship between cognitive failures with metacognition inefficiency and executive dysfunction.Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of Cognitive Failures Questionnaire subscales and the overall score were obtained in the range of 0.65-0.81. Based onfindings, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire appears to be reliable and valid in Iranian populations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - Psychometric properties of the positive and negative affect scales in an iranian sample
Ali Bakhshi Fatemeh Daemi Bita AjilchiThis study investigated the factor structure, and construct validity of Positive and Negative Affect Scales (Mroczek & Kolarz, 1998) among Iranian students. A sample of 88 male and 117 female students of Tehran University completed the Positive Affect, Negative Affe MoreThis study investigated the factor structure, and construct validity of Positive and Negative Affect Scales (Mroczek & Kolarz, 1998) among Iranian students. A sample of 88 male and 117 female students of Tehran University completed the Positive Affect, Negative Affect, Psychological Well-being (Ryff, 1989) and Social Wellbeing (Keys, 1998) Scales. The results of exploratory factor analyses showed the unidimensional factor structure of the positive and negative scales, but the goodness-of-fit indexes of confirmatory factor analysis were not apropriate, expecially for the negative scale. The convergent and discriminate validity (with Psychological Well-being and Social Well-being Scales) and internal cosistency of both scales were acceptable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - Construction and Standardization of a School Maladjustment Scale for High School Students
Mahsa Amirbagloie Daryani Hamzeh Ganji Hassan Pasha SharifiIn order to construct and standardize a School Maladjustment Scale, 405 students (261 girls, 144 boys) were selected from junior high schools of City of Tehran by cluster sampling method. The participants completed the School Maladjustment Scale. Examining the item-tota MoreIn order to construct and standardize a School Maladjustment Scale, 405 students (261 girls, 144 boys) were selected from junior high schools of City of Tehran by cluster sampling method. The participants completed the School Maladjustment Scale. Examining the item-total correlation led to elimination of 23 items. The results of principle components analysis and varimax rotation indicated that 24 items had factor loading less than 0.3, so these items were eliminated. The Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient for 88 item scale was 0.979. The results of factor analysis led to extraction of six factors: 1) academic indifference and lack of attention, 2) inappropriate behaviors toward teachers and classmates, 3) destructive and indiscipline behaviors, 4) bullying and antisocial behaviors, 5) deception and violation of rules, and 6) withdrawal and victimization by bullies, which explained 57.80 percent of the total variance. The concurrent validity of the scale using comparison to the Student Adjustment Inventory (Sinha & Singh, 1993) was 0.405. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the 6-factor model was supported by more than seven fit indices. All of the six components yielded high reliability coefficient Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - Validation and reliability of the wechsler intelligence scale for children-IV
Ahmad Sadeghi Mohammad Rabiee Mohammad Reza AbediThis study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) among students between the ages of 6 and 16 from Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari State. In order to examine the validity of WISC-IV, the Rave MoreThis study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) among students between the ages of 6 and 16 from Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari State. In order to examine the validity of WISC-IV, the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) (Raven, 1938) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R; 1974) were used. The validity results indicated significant correlations among WISC-IV, SPM, and WISC-R in related sections. The scale reliability was examined using test – retest and split-half methods. The split-half reliability coefficients of all subscales were adequate to very good. The test-retest reliability coefficients showed that all subscales except picture concepts were adequate to very good too. In addition of assessing IQ of individuals between the ages of 6 and 16, this scale can be used for diagnosing learning disorder, attention deficit disorder, brain injury, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - Psychometric Properties of the Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Functions (BRIEF-P) among Preschool Children
Aliakbar Ebrahimi Ahmad Abedi Ahmad Yarmohammadian Salar Faramarzi More The present study aimed to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Function-Preschool (BRIEF-P) (Parent’s Form) among Iranian children. Five hundred and ninety two children ages between 2 and 5 years were selected from preschool centers of the City of Isfahan in 2014 academic year using cluster random sampling method. The children’s parents completed the BRIEF-P. To assess the reliability and internal consistency of the inventory, the correlation coefficient among items with the total score of factors, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis, and the correlation coefficient among the subscales were used. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed embedding items and the five-factor structure of the inventory including inhibition, shift, emotional control, working memory, and planning. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was in satisfactory level for each factor and the total score of the inventory. The findings suggest that the BRIEF-P is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing executive functions of Iranian preschoolers and can be used as a suitable instrument in psychological research and clinical situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - Psychometric Adequacy of Compassion for Others Scale (CS)
elham hadian mahboubeh foolad changThis study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Compassion to Others Scale which was devel- oped under the title Compassion Scale (CS) by Pommier, Neff & Tóth-Király (2020). Participants included 278 adults (209 females an MoreThis study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Compassion to Others Scale which was devel- oped under the title Compassion Scale (CS) by Pommier, Neff & Tóth-Király (2020). Participants included 278 adults (209 females and 69 males; mean age = 28.65, SD= 9.40) from Shiraz. They completed the questionnaires electronically. To check the validity, after a pilot study and doing backward translation, the Persian version of this scale was provided to the participants. The factor structure of the scale was examined by AMOS-22 software. The results confirmed that there are four factors in the Persian version. Also, factor loads and Fit Indices were desirable. Convergent validity was assessed by the correlation between the scores of this scale and the Short Form of the Self-Compassion Scale (Raes, Pommier, Neff & Van Gucht, 2011). The results showed a moderate correlation between the two constructs. The results of the internal con- sistency study by calculating the correlation of subscales with each other and the total score also indicated the construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient showed the scale (alpha= 0.82) and subscales (minimum alpha= 0.58) have acceptable reliability. A comparison of gender differences showed that women have higher scores in the kindness subscale. In general, according to the findings, it can be concluded that the Persian version of the Compassion Scale has psychometric adequacy and can be used in Iranian society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - Presenting Comprehensive Algorithm for Long Term Scheduling of Preventive Maintenance in the Electric Transmission Networks
Niki Moslemi Mostafa Kazami Seyyed Mostafa Abedi Hadi Khatibzadeh Mohamad Jafarian Saeed Salimi -
Open Access Article
306 - Improving Reliability by Optimal Allocation of Protection Devices and Distributed Generation Units
حمیدرضا اکبری Amirhosein Bolurian Mahmoud Modaresi -
Open Access Article
307 - Resource Allocation in Volunteer Computing Networks Based on Node Reliability
Jafar Khakpour Mir Mohsen Pedram -
Open Access Article
308 - Adequacy Assessment of the Power Systems Containing Combined Heat and Power Plants
Amir Ghaedi Mehrdad Mahmoudian Reza Sedaghati -
Open Access Article
309 - Optimal Scheduling of a Renewable-based Micro Grid Considering Reliability Effect
Amir Ghaedi Reza Sedaghati Mehrdad MahmoudianIn the microgrids, it can be used from the renewable energy resources (RERs) such as photovolta-ic panels, wind turbines, wave energy converters and current type tidal turbines to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission arisen from fossil fuel-based generation units. H MoreIn the microgrids, it can be used from the renewable energy resources (RERs) such as photovolta-ic panels, wind turbines, wave energy converters and current type tidal turbines to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission arisen from fossil fuel-based generation units. However, the generated electrical power of these RERs are dependent on the wave height and wave period, solar radiation, the wind speed, and the tidal current speed. Due to the wide variation in the RERs, the generated electrical power of these generation units changes a lot and so, to supply the local load in the isolated microgrid, the conventional generation units and the energy storage sys-tems (ESSs) can be utilized. In this paper, optimal scheduling of a microgrid containing conven-tional generation units, ESS and RERs including wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, current type tidal turbines and wave energy converters is performed to determine the generated power of each generation unit provided that the cost function is minimum. In the cost function, the operation cost of the generation units based on fossil fuel and the penalty cost associated to the load cur-tailment as the reliability cost are considered and using of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, the cost function is minimized. To study the capability and effectiveness of the pre-sented approach, the numerical results associated to the optimal scheduling of a microgrid con-taining battery, RERs, and conventional units are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - Analysis of jurisprudential principles of criminal responsibility of governments
mahmood mohamadi jorjafaki Ruhollah afzali goroh majid khazaeiBackground and Aim: In Islamic jurisprudence, there is no explanation about the criminal responsibility of the government as a legal entity, and only in the works of some great jurists, there are discussions about proving the legal personality of institutions such as wa MoreBackground and Aim: In Islamic jurisprudence, there is no explanation about the criminal responsibility of the government as a legal entity, and only in the works of some great jurists, there are discussions about proving the legal personality of institutions such as waqf, treasury and government; However, using the logic of inference, solid reasons can be provided for this issue with strong jurisprudential support. In this article, the authors seek to answer the question of what jurisprudential basis is the attribution of criminal responsibility to governments?Method: The present study has been compiled by descriptive-analytical method with library study.Findings and Results: The authors, while typologizing government crimes and expressing the acceptance of the legal personality of the government in Islamic jurisprudence and also accepting the ability to assign criminal responsibility to governments, to general jurisprudential principles such as the book and tradition and specific jurisprudential principles including the rule of ta'zir The Deputy Prime Minister, the rule of expediency, the rule of invalidity, the responsibility for the conduct of another person, the rule of maintaining order, criminal justice and finally the morals have been discussed and the research results confirm that the criminal responsibility of governments - They have been legislated after 1392 - from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, it also has validity and legitimacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - Civil liability for damages caused by the transportation of oil and gas through pipelines
amin alboshokeh Abdolhossein Shirvi KhozaniField and Aims: transportation through pipelines is one of the emerging ways of transporting materials and goods in the world, which is in the center of attention day by day due to its special and unique advantages and capabilities in moving materials such as oil, gas a MoreField and Aims: transportation through pipelines is one of the emerging ways of transporting materials and goods in the world, which is in the center of attention day by day due to its special and unique advantages and capabilities in moving materials such as oil, gas and other condensates. The growth and development of the transport sector is placed in the countries. But this method may cause damages that will result in civil liability.Method:The present research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: The relevant rules in the field of responsibility of the carrier in the field of oil and gas transportation through pipelines in Iran's legal system and also in the international legal system are not very developed. We are general transporters. In the transportation of oil and gas through pipelines, the nature of the transportation contract in commercial law also applies to it in such a way that according to the contract concluded between the shipper and the carrier of the cargo (oil and gas), the carrier is required to comply with all the provisions of the agreement. is in the contract, and if he has been negligent in this regard, he is responsible for the consequences and damages caused by this failure, unless the damages were caused by factors outside of his authority (such as the authority of Cairo), in which case he is also required to To prove this external factor is for exemption from responsibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - The legal system governing the fraternity and responsibility of holding companies in the legal system of Iran and France
nahid kamrazadeh mostafa mandegar mahsa hoseini moqadamBackground and Aim: Due to the role and importance of holding companies, today we are witnessing the growing expansion of these companies. Due to the special structure of these companies, their management and responsibilities in the laws need to be considered. Therefore MoreBackground and Aim: Due to the role and importance of holding companies, today we are witnessing the growing expansion of these companies. Due to the special structure of these companies, their management and responsibilities in the laws need to be considered. Therefore, in this research, we examine what system governs the brotherhood and responsibility of holding companies in the law of Iran and France?Method: This research has been descriptively-analytically analyzed.Findings and Results: In Iranian law, in several cases, including paragraph 22 of Article 1 of the Securities Market Law, the Fourth Development Plan Law, paragraph 18 of Article 1 of the General Policy Implementation Law 44 and Article 266 of the new Commercial Code bill as described by the holding company Paid. In Iranian law, if we want to hold other subsidiaries, which operate under the management of a holding, liable for the liability of a subsidiary in addition to the holding, we can, in addition to relying on the jurisprudential rule "I am for the current grain". He also sought help from the wise institution. Under French law, it is not easy for the parent company to prove the fault if the subsidiary commits the fault. It can be argued that the parent company has the most open duty to care for itself, and as a result it is easier to accept responsibility for the harmful actions of the affiliated company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - Civil and criminal liability of the physician towards the patient in Iranian and French law
seyede lona mohamadi pariya karamzadehBackground and Aim: Physicians' liability for medical malpractice is one of the oldest issues in medical law, which is accepted as a principle, the patient has the right to seek redress from a physician under a contract or crime. Over the years, the French legal system MoreBackground and Aim: Physicians' liability for medical malpractice is one of the oldest issues in medical law, which is accepted as a principle, the patient has the right to seek redress from a physician under a contract or crime. Over the years, the French legal system has regarded the relationship between the patient and the physician as a contractual relationship under which the physician will be liable in the event of a fault on his part.Methodology: The present research has been done by descriptive-analytical method through library studies and in the form of taking notes.Findings: Although the Iranian legislator, following the famous saying of the jurists, considered the doctor's commitment as a commitment to the result, this is contrary to the goal of medical science and patient treatment and justice, and the doctor should have a fault-based responsibility to avoid any fear. , Make every effort to treat the patient. Accordingly, the new Islamic Penal Code, like the French regulations, considered the doctor's liability to be based on fault.Conclusion: By comparing the physician's responsibility in the Iranian and French legal systems and what we found from the research findings, the French law provisions addressed the issue of treatment and the patient-physician relationship much more broadly, while only blaming the physician. , The officials know that they tried in various ways to support the patient by establishing an insurance system and prompt treatment outside the framework of the judicial system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Analysis of the civil responsibility of the cause and the steward in the legal system
ali babaei alireza Rajabzadeh Isthabanati alireza mazlom rahniField and Aims: Civil liability have specific functions both in relation to the victim and in relation to the cause of the loss and in relation to the target society. Perhaps the principle of the necessity of compensation can be considered the most important principle g MoreField and Aims: Civil liability have specific functions both in relation to the victim and in relation to the cause of the loss and in relation to the target society. Perhaps the principle of the necessity of compensation can be considered the most important principle governing civil liability. The issue of multiplicity of causes is dedicated to examining the effect of various causes in relation to a single loss. This may be in the form of a collection of the above-mentioned causes that form a single source independently in a longitudinal or transverse way to guarantee the creation of damage, or that multiple causes are independent and each cause is considered. The condition for the realization of responsibility is the existence of a relationship of causation, and this means that the relationship of causation is placed next to other conditions of responsibility. That is, if the relationship of causation is not established, there will be no responsibility.Method: The present research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: In this research, an attempt has been made to compare the mentioned issue in the laws of Iran and Islamic jurisprudence, as well as in the current laws, including the civil law, the Islamic Penal Code approved in 1370 and the Islamic Penal Code approved in 1392. With the changes brought about by Article 526 of the Islamic Penal Code of 2013, in the state of community, the cause and the steward are basically both responsible, with the difference in the impact of the intervention, the responsibility will be relative and the trend with material and objective factors in Iranian law is more It is one of the blameworthy and immaterial factors. The guarantee of the first cause in the effect, which is famous in the case of long association of causes in Iranian jurisprudence and law, is not dissimilar to the same guarantee of the cause and the primary agent against the dependent intervening agent. A steward who commits a crime and harm under the influence of the primary factor is responsible in Iranian law, as long as he is not deprived of his will. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - Civil liability of classification institutions in Iranian law Looking at international court cases
zahra eliasy Masoud shirani dawood nassiranField and Aims: Classification institutions play an important role in relation to the insurable nature of a ship. This issue is referred to as the private duty of rating agencies. Legal systems have a different approach to the issue of civil liability in the above issue MoreField and Aims: Classification institutions play an important role in relation to the insurable nature of a ship. This issue is referred to as the private duty of rating agencies. Legal systems have a different approach to the issue of civil liability in the above issue. On this basis, in this research, we will examine the issue of what is the position of the civil responsibility of classification institutions in Iranian law and international conventions?Method: This research was carried out in terms of practical purpose and in terms of gathering information by documentary method and through the study of valid laws and sources, and the obtained information was analyzed in a descriptive-analytical manner.Finding and Conclusion: Those who believe that there is no civil responsibility for the classification institutions believe that the institutions only have the duty to provide advice and suggestions and have no guarantee for their performance, and the duty of the institutions is only to provide standards according to legal and international standards, and their compliance is also It is the owner's responsibility. But on the opposite point, the legal systems that gave absolute civil responsibility to institutions considered the duty of said institutions to be more than giving advice, and according to the contractual relationship that exists for institutions, they are like standardization organizations that have the duty of instilling rules and regulations between They know the international rules of work safety at sea and environmental protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - An analytical investigation of the concept and nature of the intellectual virtues with focus on Zagzebskys views
farkhunde disnad seyed jalal hashemi seyed mansur mareeshi masoud safaeimoghadamcontrolled Intellectual virtues are stable traits of human ego, achievement of the knowledge of world, intellectual habits and attitudes., Virtue epistemologists believe that the epistemic status of a belief is dependent upon certain characteristics of the agent (intell Morecontrolled Intellectual virtues are stable traits of human ego, achievement of the knowledge of world, intellectual habits and attitudes., Virtue epistemologists believe that the epistemic status of a belief is dependent upon certain characteristics of the agent (intellectual virtues), and it is only through the application of intellectual virtues that truth is achieved in the epistemic process. However there is no consensus among virtue epistemologists regarding the general nature of the intellectual virtues. While some scholars such as Sosa consider these Virtues to be a kind of innater competence and cognitive talents, , other scholars such as Zagzebsky view intellectual virtues as intellectual character traits and a subset of moral virtues. Using an analytical approach this study set out to investigate the nature of intellectual virtues from both perspectives. While epistemic reliablism consider intellectual virtues as a kind of innate skill or cognitive faculty enabling individual to be epistemologically efficient, analyses suggest that so far as the concept of praise is deemed necessary in the epistemic analysis of the agents, and so far as the achievement and expansion of avirtue is considered out of control of the epistemic agent, it would be a better option to reject the understanding of intellectual virtues as skilles and innate cognitive faculties, and accept that the character- based approach provide a batter account of the nature of intellectual virtues by considering motive and reliability as two essential criteria for the presence of these virtues, that are admirable charater traits sufficiently by the agent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - The Effect of Authorized Professional Judgment’s Application in Iran Accounting Standards on Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information
Hashem Nikomaram Mousa Bozorg Asl Mehdi Taghavi Ali Asghar MahmoudzadehFinancial statements have been considered as the most significant part for contributing the financial reporting process, assessing financial position, performance and flexibility of companies. In general, the field of activities of companies is very various and these ar MoreFinancial statements have been considered as the most significant part for contributing the financial reporting process, assessing financial position, performance and flexibility of companies. In general, the field of activities of companies is very various and these are always faced with so many economical events, so it is not possible to define some specific regulations for reporting those events. In this case, there is an emphasis for financial statements preparers to apply professional judgment in accounting standards. In this study, we are going to elaborate whether the application of professional judgment in Iran accounting standards will affect the quality of financial information such as comparability and reliability of them? And if accountants intend to change the financial information for his benefit, does the professional judgment let them to do that and work as an appropriate tool for their goals? For considering the subject of this research, we have used a combined design in order to measure the effects of financial statements preparers’ decisions on comparability and reliability of the information by using professional judgment. The empirical evidences have been collected to demonstrate whether the level of applied professional judgment in Iran accounting standards, can have any influence on comparability of financial statements. Findings of this research show that using professional judgment in accounting standards will decrease comparability of financial reporting. Empirical findings of this research show that the accountants which are put in an suitable circumstance for moral hazard in comparison to other people who are not in such situation, use their professional judgment to demonstrate better performance for their company and gain more benefits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Earnings Management Model by Using Deferred Tax Asset and Deferred Tax Liability Strategies
Vahid Tavasoli Yadollah TariverdiAbstract According to agency theory, the government and business enterprises have different interests in paying taxes. The motivation for using deferred tax asset and liability to identify earnings management is that there is usually more discretion in generally accept MoreAbstract According to agency theory, the government and business enterprises have different interests in paying taxes. The motivation for using deferred tax asset and liability to identify earnings management is that there is usually more discretion in generally accepted accounting principles than in tax laws. Managers may have an incentive to increase income in the financial statements without increasing income in the tax report. A possible reason why managers do not want to increase taxable income is that this will lead to an increase in tax costs. Therefore, one of the things that probably affects the earnings management is deferred taxes. The aim of the research is to investigated whether the deferred taxes resulting from the financial statements reported based on accounting standard 35 as a strategy for managers to achieve earnings management or not. To achieve the goal of the research, the data of 169 sample companies from the Tehran Stock Exchange, were collected using the systematic elimination approach and were analyzed using the method of descriptive-correlation analysis by performing logistic regression test. The findings showed that the deferred tax assets have an effect on earnings management, but deferred tax liabilities have no effect on earnings management. The obtained results indicate that managers use deferred tax assets to manipulate earnings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - The Introducing of Effective Factors in Absorption of Liabilities
Saeed Jabbarzadeh Kangarluei Anvar Bayazidi Amjad RahmanzadehThe aim of this research is to introduce of effective factors in financing by liabilities in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Time period of the research is 2003-2008 and it’s been ed 360 firm-years as sample. To analyze of research data in pooled status MoreThe aim of this research is to introduce of effective factors in financing by liabilities in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Time period of the research is 2003-2008 and it’s been ed 360 firm-years as sample. To analyze of research data in pooled status were used multiple regression models with fixed effect in econometric software EViews 6. In this research, Debt structure (financial leverage of total liabilities to total assets) was applied as dependent variables and percentage of institutional ownership as independent variable, and it’s used effective control variables on liabilities structure such as dividend pay out ratio, profitability, business risk, assets structure, liquidity, growth rate (market-to-book ratio) and company size, too. Findings show that there isn’t relation between liability absorption and percentage of institutional ownership; however, with entering control variables to regression model, explanatory power of it increases 27% to 46%. The results too indicate that profitability, business risk, assets structure, liquidity, growth rate and size of firm have been effective factors on liability absorption during research period. It should be mentioned that among research variables, business risk variable has had the highest effect on liability absorption based on its high regression coefficient in comparing to other variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - The Differing Effects of firm Size and Industry on Firm Profitability
Mahnaz Mollanazari Yadollah Nourifard Shaghayagh Ghashghaei AbdiThe aim of this research is study about the different effects of firm size and Industry on firm profitability in Tehran Stock Exchange during 1385 to 1389. The natural logarithm of book value of assets is used as an indicator to measure firm size. Also, the type of indu MoreThe aim of this research is study about the different effects of firm size and Industry on firm profitability in Tehran Stock Exchange during 1385 to 1389. The natural logarithm of book value of assets is used as an indicator to measure firm size. Also, the type of industry, the separation of industries with high fixed costs and low on the stock exceeds the number of industries that were concentrated in the categories above. Furthermore profitability is calculated based on three indicators(net operating assets, return on net operating assets and return on operating assets. ) the Results of hypothesis tests indicates that there is no significant relationship between high fixed costs and profitability of large companies in various industries. there is no significant relationship between low fixed costs and profitability of small companies in various industries. there is no significant relationship between operating liability leverage and profitability indicators(return on net operating assets and return on operating assets) of small and large companies in industries with low fixed costs(chemical products , cement , lime and gypsum , basic metals and other non metallic mineral products). there is a significant negative relationship between operating liability leverage and two profitability indicators(return on net operating assets and return on operating assets) of small and large companies in industries with high fixed costs(Vehicle and parts manufacturing and Pharma). There is a significant positive relationship between operating liability leverage and return on common equity of small companies in industries with low fixed costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Multi-objective Dynamic Planning of Substations and Primary Feeders Considering Uncertainties and Reliability
Masoumeh Karimi Mahmoud Reza Haghifam -
Open Access Article
322 - Multi-Objective Distribution Network Analysis Reconfiguration Considering Reliability of Power Supply based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Mostafa Karimi -
Open Access Article
323 - Fixed Capacitor Magnetically Controlled Reactor Reliability Modelling Considering Environmental Conditions
Morteza Haghshenas Rahmat-Allah HooshmandThe fixed capacitor-magnetically controlled reactor (FC-MCR) is a type of static var compensator (SVC) that can greatly contribute to the availability and stability of power systems. This paper proposes a comprehensive reliability model for the FC-MCR using the Markov p MoreThe fixed capacitor-magnetically controlled reactor (FC-MCR) is a type of static var compensator (SVC) that can greatly contribute to the availability and stability of power systems. This paper proposes a comprehensive reliability model for the FC-MCR using the Markov process approach. The modeling process adheres to actual operational principles and divides the MCR structure into two sections: electro-magnetic section and core magnetization section. Subsequently, the Markov models proposed for these sections are integrated with the Markov model of the fixed capacitor bank to derive the FC-MCR reliability model. Recognizing the impact of environmental conditions on electrical equipment failure rates, the proposed reliability model takes into account temperature variations and assesses their influence on the probabilities of the FC-MCR operating state. By examining the simulation results and conducting sensitivity analysis, it was found that the availability of the FC-MCR is influenced by various components and environmental conditions, which necessitates different reliability enhancement measures. Moreover, a comparison between the reliability indices of the FC-MCR and its counterpart (FC-TCR) in diverse environmental conditions revealed that the FC-MCR is less affected by temperature variations compared to the FC-TCR. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - Adequacy studies of different renewable resources using Monte Carlo simulation method
Amir Ghaedi Reza Sedaghati Mehrdad MahmoudianProduced power of wind, solar, run of the river, ocean thermal, tidal and wave power plants is respectively, dependent on wind velocity, sun radiation, river flow, temperature of ocean upstream, period & height of waves, tidal level or tidal stream velocity. Due to wide MoreProduced power of wind, solar, run of the river, ocean thermal, tidal and wave power plants is respectively, dependent on wind velocity, sun radiation, river flow, temperature of ocean upstream, period & height of waves, tidal level or tidal stream velocity. Due to wide change in these quantities, produced power of these renewable resources changes a lot over time. As the penetration level of renewable resources in electric network is increased, reliability and other aspects of electric network may be affected that should be studied. Analytical method is not suitable to study uncertainties of output power of renewable resources in reliability analysis of electric network with these renewable power plants. Thus, the current research suggests Monte Carlo simulation method to study effect of renewable power plants on reliability indices. Renewable power plants studied in the research are wind turbines, solar farms, wave energy converters, run of the river power plants, both types of tidal units, and ocean thermal energy conversion systems. Numerical studies are performed on test electric networks, to study these renewable resources impact on reliability indices of electric networks with renewable power plants. It is concluded from numerical outcomes that these renewable power plants improve reliability performance of electric network. However, due to the variation of renewable resources, the impact of renewable power plants on reliability performance of the electric network is less than the conventional units with the same capacity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - Loss of Load Expectation Assessment in Deregulated Power Systems Using Monte Carlo Simulation and Intelligent Systems
H Haroonabadi M.-R Haghifam -
Open Access Article
326 - Investigating and Improving the Effect of Distributed Generation on Reliability in Wind Systems by ARMA Method
Omid Feizollahzade -
Open Access Article
327 - Determination of Composite System Adequacy Equivalents Using a Reduction Technique: a Case Study on a Regional Electric Company
Reza Keypour Hessam Golmohamadi M. S. Jahan Saeed Saeedi Asghar Akhundi -
Open Access Article
328 - TC-FLSFCL Provision for Improvement of Distribution System Reliability by TOPSIS based NSGA-II Method
Yashar Hashemi Khalil Valipour -
Open Access Article
329 - Investigate and Improve the Reliability of Small Size Wind Energy Conversion Systems Connected to the Network
Omid Feizollahzade -
Open Access Article
330 - Reliability Assessment of Power Generation Systems in Presence of Wind Farms Using Fuzzy Logic Method
Shohreh Monshizadeh Mahmoud Reza Haghifam Ali Akhavein -
Open Access Article
331 - Power System Reliability Analysis with Emergency Demand Response Program
Rahmat Aazami Nosratallah Mohammadbeigi Hadi Mirzaei Ali Mansouri Ehsan Mohamadian -
Open Access Article
332 - Power System Reliability Analysis with Emergency Demand Response Program
Rahmat Aazami Nosratallah Mohammadbeigi Hadi Mirzaei Ali Mansouri Ehsan Mohamadian -
Open Access Article
333 - rejection of the exclusion theory of usurpation from the general rules of civil liability
rasool malakootiTheory of severe encounter with the usurper causes the rules of the usurped institution to be considered strict, while in other sources there is no such civil liability. This attitude and the lack of need for harm and causation, has caused most lawyers to analyze the ru MoreTheory of severe encounter with the usurper causes the rules of the usurped institution to be considered strict, while in other sources there is no such civil liability. This attitude and the lack of need for harm and causation, has caused most lawyers to analyze the rules governing this institution apart from the general rules of civil liability. In this article, an attempt has been made to invalidate the fegh attitude and pay attention to the structure of the civil law, and to prove the impossibility of this separation. It seems that the difference between dealing with the usurper and other sources of civil liability is not due to a difference in the nature or rules of this institution, but to an imperfect view of the concept of financial guarantee in jurisprudence. Guarantee in jurisprudence means creating an obligation against another, the guarantee of its implementation is crystallized in three longitudinal forms of equal return, retribution and payment of price. In law, however, the concept of civil liability, which is equivalent to the term guarantee, is merely narrow to the third form, the obligation to pay damages. This self-made constraint in the concept has led to the impossibility of applying the rules and pillars of the usurpation institution to the general pillars of the guarantee and its severity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - The responsible behavior of lawyers in Iran's legal system
farideh Asgari mostafa namdar pourbengarOne of the most important legal categories that is linked to responsibility and accountability is the civil responsibility of the lawyer. The need to respect this right is one of the issues that have not been addressed; Therefore, it is necessary to know the basics and MoreOne of the most important legal categories that is linked to responsibility and accountability is the civil responsibility of the lawyer. The need to respect this right is one of the issues that have not been addressed; Therefore, it is necessary to know the basics and areas of civil responsibility of a lawyer. Assuming that the fault is realized by the lawyer and its compensation through the mechanism of civil liability, the discussion of how to compensate, the amount and type of compensation and the person responsible for compensation, etc., arises. Some of these challenges can be answered by referring to the civil liability law of 1339, but the answer to some others requires a comprehensive law in this area so that in case of violation of the client's rights, the lawyers are responsible and required to compensate the damages. The main research question is what is the basis of the civil responsibility of the lawyer. In answer to this question, it can be said that the basis of responsibility in this field is the theory of fault. Therefore, in the light of referring to the general law of civil liability, we can expect compensation for the damage caused by the lawyer's civil liability by writing a comprehensive law, with a comparative approach to the laws of other leading countries in this field, as well as applying self-regulation rules. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - Jurisprudential-legal study of Arsh al-Bakareh and Mehr al-Mathl
Hojat Arab Sheybani Abdolazim khoroshiArsh al-Bakareh and Mehr al-Mathl as compensation for the removal of virginity are among the concepts that are discussed in the two areas of criminal law and civil law. In this research, with a descriptive-analytical method and by considering various regulations in the MoreArsh al-Bakareh and Mehr al-Mathl as compensation for the removal of virginity are among the concepts that are discussed in the two areas of criminal law and civil law. In this research, with a descriptive-analytical method and by considering various regulations in the mentioned fields and also by considering the jurisprudential teachings, we have reached the conclusion that the basis for paying the dowry is intimacy and the basis for paying the throne of virginity is the removal of virginity. In addition, although the proverb in the words of the jurists and the appearance of the narrations does not indicate the compensation of moral damages and is paid to a virgin or a woman due to the benefit of the woman in adultery by rape or reluctance, but from the point of view of civil liability law Some cases are compatible with moral damages. In addition, there is no conflict between Articles 658 and 231 of the Islamic Penal Code of 1392, and in accordance with the rules of civil liability, if the removal of virginity is done with sexual intercourse or non-sexual intercourse and with consent, there is no guarantee. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - Theory of stewardship in civil liability From the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and Iranian law
nader pourarshadTheory of stewardship in civil liability From the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and Iranian law(with emphasis on the analysis of new dimensions of recognizing the criteria of stewardship)Nader PourarshadAssistant Professor of Department of law , Shahrekord Branch MoreTheory of stewardship in civil liability From the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and Iranian law(with emphasis on the analysis of new dimensions of recognizing the criteria of stewardship)Nader PourarshadAssistant Professor of Department of law , Shahrekord Branch , Islamic Azad University , Shahrekord , IranThe terms direct and causal have been used in the jurisprudential rule of loss (superb and causal). These two terms are also used in Articles 332 of the Civil Code and 492 et seq. of the Islamic Penal Code. However, in jurisprudential texts and civil law, there is no definition that indicates all the important and significant features of these two. The Islamic Penal Code, which defines the two in Articles 494 and 506, does not list all their important and significant features either. The present article, therefore, aimed to fill this gap by exploring and expressing the characteristics of the trustees and the conditions for assigning damages to them in terms of Islamic jurisprudence, case law, legal doctrine, and judicial procedure in Iran in a way that facilitates the diagnosis of the cause and other factors related to the damageKeywords: loss - civil liability - agent - manager - cause Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - "Feasibility of obtaining a guarantee for non-satisfied interests in corrupt contracts In Iranian Law and Imami Jurisprudence"
Alireza Mohammadbeyki hoseein asadzadeh Meisam jamaliAlthough the principle necessarily is that the legal subjects´ assets to be protected; but today, we see that due to different reasons some gap intervenes between an owner and their assets. Examples for this issue are usurpation and also delivery by an invalid con MoreAlthough the principle necessarily is that the legal subjects´ assets to be protected; but today, we see that due to different reasons some gap intervenes between an owner and their assets. Examples for this issue are usurpation and also delivery by an invalid contract. There is no doubt about the requirement of recovering or substituting a property usurped or delivered by an invalid contract. Also, there is little doubt about the guarantee for the received benefits. But, regarding the fact that whether it is feasible for the unused benefits to be realized or not, we see a diversity of comments, i.e., we see that the law falls silent about these issues, and there is a diversity of jurisprudential rules along with lack of comprehensiveness of subjects, therefore, the necessity of the present research becomes justified. Thus, by descriptive-analytical methods, the present research tried to review and analyze the jurisprudents´ and lawyers´ positions regarding realization of unused benefits claims in an invalid contract. The results showed that the issue in Islamic jurisprudence has been a disputed issue since the past, although, by adducing evidences such as the rule of presumption of possession, consensus, and rule of equality of rules received for an invalid contract with usurped institution, accepting the rule of liability for unused benefits in an invalid contract seems to be reasonable; moreover, from the legal perspective, although civil code provides no expressed rule on unused benefits in invalid contracts, by correct interpretation of the available rules, it can be ruled for liability for unused benefits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - Restorative strategies for the disruptive acts of obtaining bank credits, focusing on the criminal policy of Iran and the European Union
Omid Ebrahimi Hasan Poorbafrani Mohsen Shekarchizadehthe role of bank credit in giving liquidity into the economy, necessitates need for legal protection of credit and the adoption of remedial measures against its disruption. the analytical and comparative study of "arbitration in banking lawsuits", "bank l Morethe role of bank credit in giving liquidity into the economy, necessitates need for legal protection of credit and the adoption of remedial measures against its disruption. the analytical and comparative study of "arbitration in banking lawsuits", "bank liability" and "mechanisms related to the bankruptcy of creditors" as the most important remedial measures against the disruption of bank lending in the criminal policy of Iran and the European Union, shows that in comparison with the stipulation of arbitration in (CFR), article 139 of the iranian constitution, has faced a challenge reference claims related to obtaining loans from state-owned banks to arbitration. Regarding the bank's civil liability, both legal systems have tended to the theory of "fault-free liability". Regarding the bankruptcy of the creditor, the wide applicability of the EU regulations on bankruptcy and the special rules of credit institutions and the granting of privileges to creditors with collateral in the Iranian legal system indicate the importance of the rights of creditors in both legal systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - Designing the optimal asset-liability model using the multi-objective decision-making method with the approach of liquidity, credit, balance sheet, and capital adequacy risks.
mostafa khosroyani Gholamreza zomorodian mirfiz fallahshamsIn this research, asset and liability management, which is one of the most important things done by banks, is examined. The methods and complexity of the process used to manage assets and liabilities depend on the size and complexity of the portfolio. Bank Mellat, as on MoreIn this research, asset and liability management, which is one of the most important things done by banks, is examined. The methods and complexity of the process used to manage assets and liabilities depend on the size and complexity of the portfolio. Bank Mellat, as one of the most central banks in the country, in line with its organizational goals and missions, needs accurate economic planning and high-yield investments in order to maintain the value of depositors' reserves and provide the necessary resources to fulfill its long-term and short-term obligations. According to the stated content, the main problem of this research consists in the fact that due to the importance of asset and liability management with the approach of liquidity risks, credit, balance sheet, capital structure as a comprehensive approach that includes different types of important risks and It includes the important, it should be noted. In this research, we consider asset and debt management with more important factors in this matter, so that the model is more efficient than the previous models presented, which has been taken into account with the approach of goal programming. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - Developing Asset Correlation Risk Model (ACR) with Asset- Liability Management (ALM) Approach with using of VECM model
Mahdi Hemmati Asiabaraki Mohammadhasan Gholizadeh Seyed Mozafar MirbargkarBanks, as levers in macroeconomic policies, by regulating and adjusting the bank's interest rates, enforce monetary policies and controls inflation and unemployment, which is one of the most important macroeconomic goals. One of these tools is asset-debt management. The MoreBanks, as levers in macroeconomic policies, by regulating and adjusting the bank's interest rates, enforce monetary policies and controls inflation and unemployment, which is one of the most important macroeconomic goals. One of these tools is asset-debt management. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop the Asset Correlation Risk Model (ACR) with the Asset- Liability Management approach (ALM). This research is descriptive in nature and in terms of its purpose. The statistical population of the research is the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange and the sample of the banks accepted in this collection, which can be extracted from the research data. The research period is from 1391 to 1396, with 20 banks selected as research samples. This research has a theoretical model and a vector error correction model was used to test the hypotheses. According to the t-statistic and the coefficient of estimation of the VECM model, it is determined that the effect of using the debt-asset management approach on the asset-liability correlation risk in a long-term equilibrium is decreasing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - CONSTANT STRESS ACCELERATED LIFE TESTING DESIGNWITH TYPE-II CENSORING SCHEME FOR PARETO DISTRIBUTION USING GEOMETRIC PROCESS
Mustafa Kamal -
Open Access Article
342 - Herbal Research: Gaps Affecting the Quality and Validity of Research Findings
Arezou Rezaei Atefe Amirahmadi Vahid PoozeshTraditional and herbal medicines are rich and promising sources for drug development. The number of articles published on traditional medicines and their applications is rapidly increasing. However, despite the extensive ongoing research on herbal medicines, the results MoreTraditional and herbal medicines are rich and promising sources for drug development. The number of articles published on traditional medicines and their applications is rapidly increasing. However, despite the extensive ongoing research on herbal medicines, the results of such research are not remarkable. Against this background, this study aims to highlight some existing research gaps, the bridging of which will increase the quality and validity of the results of herbal research. To this end, Iranian and non-Iranian articles on Allium sativum L. were reviewed for compliance with standards and requirements for herbal research. Botanical nomenclature, processing and extraction procedures, and history of traditional medicine were identified as the main gaps in the reviewed herbal research. Researchers and authors should keep in mind that familiarity with the history, characteristics, and potential of traditional medicine systems is a key factor accelerating the process of developing nature-based medicines. Essential standards that have a great impact on the validity and reliability of the results of herbal research should not be ignored, either. In addition, there are still numerous areas that need to be considered by scientists and researchers, including the status of medicinal herbs, toxicological assessments, biological and pharmacological mechanisms of diseases, and research issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - ارائه الگوریتم جدیدی برای تعیین سهم قابل تبدیل نیروگاههای سنتی به نیروگاههای انرژی تجدید پذیر به روش مونت کارلو
هادی اکرمی شاهرخ شجاعیان مهری لطفیبا توجه به روند جایگزینی نیروگاه های سنتی با نیروگاه های تجدید پذیر در شبکه های قدرت مدرن، در این مقاله آلگوریتمی ابتکاری مبتنی بر قابلیت اطمینان برای این منظور پیشنهاد شده است. در ابتدا شاخص LOLE سیستم بدون ظرفیت توان بادی محاسبه و به عنوان شاخص مرجع انتخاب گردید. سپس Moreبا توجه به روند جایگزینی نیروگاه های سنتی با نیروگاه های تجدید پذیر در شبکه های قدرت مدرن، در این مقاله آلگوریتمی ابتکاری مبتنی بر قابلیت اطمینان برای این منظور پیشنهاد شده است. در ابتدا شاخص LOLE سیستم بدون ظرفیت توان بادی محاسبه و به عنوان شاخص مرجع انتخاب گردید. سپس به بررسی جایگزینی واحد های توربین بادی به جای نیروگاه های سنتی پرداخته شده و در هر مرحله، از تولید ظرفیت سنتی کاسته، و ظرفیت تولید توان بادی جایگزین آن گردیده است. میزان ظرفیت تولید توان بادی مورد نیاز برای جایگزینی مناسب، با اتکا به روش مونت کارلو و از مقایسه شاخص LOLE در هر مرحله با شاخص LOLE مرجع، بدست آمده است. در آخر، روند رشد بار 5% در استراتژی توسعه با تمرکز صرف روی تولید بادی بررسی شده و میزان تولید مورد نیاز به ازاء هر رشد بار معین تعیین گردیده است. روش پیشنهادی بر روی شبکه IEEE-RTS پیاده سازی شده است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - Designing and Determining the Validity and Reliability of a Typology of Teacher Support Strategy Tool in Sport Management
shapur anvari Mohammad Ataee Habebolah Taherpur KalantaryTeacher support strategy is among human behaviors that influences student's beliefs and development. But according to studies, despite the importance of this strategy in educational settings, there is no measure to identify its type and intensity. Therefore, in this stu MoreTeacher support strategy is among human behaviors that influences student's beliefs and development. But according to studies, despite the importance of this strategy in educational settings, there is no measure to identify its type and intensity. Therefore, in this study, based on the existing theoretical definitions, the operational definition of this concept was investigated and finally, there was an attempt to measure this concept by defining a questionnaire tool. For this purpose, the present study, using a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional approach, in the year 1398 surveyed the views of 1071 female teachers of physical education in 19 districts of Tehran. According to Cochran formula, 387 people were designated and randomly selected based on the classification of Tehran city. Validity of the implement was assessed by CVR and CVI for content validity, paired sign test for criterion validity and factor analysis for construct validity. Also, test-retest and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to assess reliability. Data analysis was one using SPSS and Smart PLS software. The results showed that the tool designed in this study has the ability to measure and typify teacher support strategy with acceptable validity and reliability based on 4 vectors and 10 pair-scale constructs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - Designing and determining the validity and reliability of a typology of Teacher Support Strategy tool in Sport Management
leila hori Mahvash Nourbakhsh Sayad Nematolal Khalifeh Parivash NourbakhshTeacher support strategy is among human behaviors that influences student's beliefs and development. But according to studies, despite the importance of this strategy in educational settings, there is no measure to identify its type and intensity. Therefore, in this stu MoreTeacher support strategy is among human behaviors that influences student's beliefs and development. But according to studies, despite the importance of this strategy in educational settings, there is no measure to identify its type and intensity. Therefore, in this study, based on the existing theoretical definitions, the operational definition of this concept was investigated and finally, there was an attempt to measure this concept by defining a questionnaire tool. For this purpose, the present study, using a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional approach, in the year 1398 surveyed the views of 1071 female teachers of physical education in 19 districts of Tehran. According to Cochran formula, 387 people were designated and randomly selected based on the classification of Tehran city. Validity of the implement was assessed by CVR and CVI for content validity, paired sign test for criterion validity and factor analysis for construct validity. Also, test-retest and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to assess reliability. Data analysis was one using SPSS and Smart PLS software. The results showed that the tool designed in this study has the ability to measure and typify teacher support strategy with acceptable validity and reliability based on 4 vectors and 10 pair-scale constructs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - Meta-Analysis of Articles in the Quarterly Journal of Intercultural Studies (Volumes 10-14)
ali akbar saberi hasan bashirGiven the growth in the humanities and social sciences, researchers have come to the conclusion that mastering all aspects of any problems is not possible to some extent. They have conducted combined research to provide them with the essence of research on a partic MoreGiven the growth in the humanities and social sciences, researchers have come to the conclusion that mastering all aspects of any problems is not possible to some extent. They have conducted combined research to provide them with the essence of research on a particular topic in a systematic way. This article seeks to address the practical framework of quarterly articles in research, sampling, methodology and data collection methods. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively combine the results of the researches and the course of the research stages and using meta-analysis method. 43 articles related to the period 10 to 14 of the Quarterly Journal of Intercultural Studies and with the opinion of experts in the field of culture. The results of meta-analysis show that the approach of quarterly articles is to meet the goals and objectives of the quarterly and more than 80% of them have dealt with cultural aspects. Of course, there are some shortcomings in this direction that need to be addressed. Including: Adopting more combined research methods, using interview methods and similar methods in social research, limiting and determining validity and reliability Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - Optimal Recloser Placement by Binary Differential Evolutionary Algorithm to Improve Reliability of Distribution System
Maryam Falah nezhadnaeini Mohammad Hajivand Reihaneh Karimi Mohammad Karimi -
Open Access Article
348 - Providing a Simple Method for the Calculation of the Source and Target Reliabili- ty in a Communication Network (SAT)
S. Babaee E. Kheirkhah -
Open Access Article
349 - Reviewing the criminal responsibility of committing crimes by robots
Nahid Dehghan AfifiRobots are man-made machines designed for various purposes. The advancement of technology has envisioned different uses for them. Their deployment in wars and as weapons is a legal and jurisprudential question, which requires criminal liability for deliberate destructio MoreRobots are man-made machines designed for various purposes. The advancement of technology has envisioned different uses for them. Their deployment in wars and as weapons is a legal and jurisprudential question, which requires criminal liability for deliberate destruction through them. Understanding the concepts of robot, criminal offenses, cause and agent, commander, destruction, instrument, will be of great help in tackling this problem. Documents in proof of criminal responsibility can be verses that indicate a suretyship through the public. And the application and generality of hadiths, as well as the rule of indirect destruction, which is derived from reason and narration, are the other reasons in this context. Commander’s verity to the designer of such machines, the attention of the surety to non-addicted robots and the attention of the surety to multiple designers, as well as the investigation of causality or stewardship in intelligent robots and assaulting (warrior) robots are other jurisprudential branches of this issue. The role of the robot in performing such actions is a rational concern and cannot be doubted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - Construct and finding factors of team working leadership questionnaire in high school female students
Khadijeh Abolmaali Motahareh YaghobiAbstract The purpose of this study was to construct and finding factors of team working leadership questionnaire in high school female students. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty female students from first to third grade, in Shahid Motahari School in district 12 MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to construct and finding factors of team working leadership questionnaire in high school female students. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty female students from first to third grade, in Shahid Motahari School in district 12 of Tehran in 1394 were selected randomly. Team working Leadership questionnaire based on balanced roles, , definite goals, inter group relationship, intra group relationships, leadership, cooperation, trust and support, commitment and responsibility, consulting, integration, develop of personal capability, collaborative decision making, and regular review of matters was made. Participants completed the questionnaire of team working leadership. Results: Exploratory factor analysis with principal components analysis identified four factors: the climate (8 items), leadership in team (with5 items), support (with 6 items) and shared decision making in team (with 5 items). The contribution of each factor identified in the total variance was 674/12, 502/11, 379/11 and 148/10, respectively. The components of internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 741/0, 735/0, 693/0 and 662/0, respectively, which represents an acceptable internal consistency of extracted factors. . Conclusion This questionnaire was made for measuring of team working leadership in students. Based on this questionnaire could be identify strength and weakness of using team working leadership. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - Development and Validation of Sport Aggression Styles Inventory: An instrument based on Millon’s personality theory
S. Mohammadreza Alavizadeh Naser Qara Maleki Shahram Mami Jahansha Mohammadzadeh Vahid Ahmadi Somaye EntezariIntroduction: Anger is a basic emotion that it is known as popular phenomenon. Aggression is any verbal or physical behavior that proceed from anger and it has intentional or unintentional destructive dimension. These behavior can express to self or another object activ MoreIntroduction: Anger is a basic emotion that it is known as popular phenomenon. Aggression is any verbal or physical behavior that proceed from anger and it has intentional or unintentional destructive dimension. These behavior can express to self or another object actively or passively. The aim of present study was development and validation of Sport Aggression Style Inventory (SASI). This instrument have developed based on Millon personality theory. Method: The sample include 99 participants that they randomly selected from 284 athletes which they selected in snowball sampling method, and they completed Sport Aggression Style Inventory (SASI) twice in two week. Data were analyzed in SPSS, AMOS and Smart-PLS environments. Findings: The results of this study illustrate, the inventory has good internal consistency according to Cronbach's alpha for subscale as sadistic aggression style (external-active, ά=0.62), passive aggression style (external-passive, ά=0.84), masochistic aggression style (internal-active, ά=0.84), somatic aggression style (internal-passive, ά=0.82), and total score (ά=0.72); and good test-retest reliability in the SASI's subscales in a 2-week period (0.70-0.81). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported four factors model of SASI; and finally the results indicate that the SASI has acceptable convergent validity, discriminant validity, and composite reliability. Conclusion: According to the present findings, The SASI has acceptable validity and reliability. Implications for research and clinical applications of the SASI in an Iranian athletic population is discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Psychometric properties of Internet addiction test and its relationship with aggression among 20-30-year-old youth in Tehran
Saeed Almasi Rita Liaghat Morteza HoseiniThe excessive and inaccurate use of the Internet poses the risk of "Internet addiction" (Young, 1998). The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of Young's Internet addiction test and its relationship with aggression among 20-30-year-old you MoreThe excessive and inaccurate use of the Internet poses the risk of "Internet addiction" (Young, 1998). The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of Young's Internet addiction test and its relationship with aggression among 20-30-year-old youth in Tehran. For this purpose, all of the 20-30 year-olds in Tehran who were living in one of Tehran's districts in 1394 participated in this study and424 people selected by available sampling method. For data collection, demographic questionnaire, Yang's Internet addiction and bass and perception aggression were used. For data analysis, internal consistency, exploratory, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis were used by SPSS and AMOS software. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole test is 0.94 indicating the intrinsic consistency and expression of the excellent value of Internet addiction. To determine the factors, exploratory factor analysis was performed and finally, three factors were named as difficulty in control, social problems and control impairment. To determine the best model for data of this research, a confirmatory factor analysis was used and according to the fit indices it was concluded that the 3 factor extractive model of this research is better fitted with the data. Finally, according to the findings of this study, Young's Internet addiction test has good psychometric properties, but has no relation to aggression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - ate the psychometric properties of Personality Inventory for DSM-5—Brief Form (PID-5-BF) in a sample of RoodehenIslamic Azad University students.
BEHNAZ ABAIEAbstract The present study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the APA 2013 Personality Characteristics short form profile in a sample of students at Islamic Azad University, Roudhen Branch.The applied research method was descriptive and Correlational. Th MoreAbstract The present study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the APA 2013 Personality Characteristics short form profile in a sample of students at Islamic Azad University, Roudhen Branch.The applied research method was descriptive and Correlational. The sample consisted of 300 students from the Islamic Azad University of Roodehen who were selected by hand. The research data were collected using the Neo-60 questionnaire and the APA Personality Characteristics Short Person Profile Form (APA 2013).After initial screening, 280 uestionnaires remained for the final analysis.The findings of exploratory factor analysis revealed that there were 5 factors and 24 questions that indicated the validity of the tool structure. Also, the Cronbach's alpha and Gatman's Lambda 2 showed an appropriate instrumental reliability. In this way, the APA Personality Characteristics Short Form (APA) short form has appropriate psychometric properties in the present study. The results of this research can lead to the use of this tool in clinical and subclinical environments.Keywords: Psychometric Properties, PersonalityCharacteristics, Reliability, Validity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - The Psychometric Characteristics of Teacher's Self-efficacy Scale
سمیه سالاری سیاوش طالع پسندself-efficacy beliefs refer to individuals’ beliefs about their capabilities to successfully carry out a particular course of action. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric indices of teacher’s self-efficacy questionnaire (Schwann-Moran & Wolfowlk, 20 Moreself-efficacy beliefs refer to individuals’ beliefs about their capabilities to successfully carry out a particular course of action. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric indices of teacher’s self-efficacy questionnaire (Schwann-Moran & Wolfowlk, 2001). The population of the study consisted of 220 teachers from secondary schools in the third district of Mashhad which were randomly selected by cluster sampling. All of them answered a teacher’s self-efficacy, an emotional intelligence, and job satisfaction questionnaire. Structural validity was verified through factor analysis, convergent validity was verified through correlation with emotional intelligence and job satisfaction scores, and validity was assessed by Cronbach's alpha method. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the data with three factor structure, including participation of learners in academic affairs, the effectiveness of training strategies and efficiency in classroom management had acceptable fit to data in the teacher’s sample. The convergent validity of self-efficacy questionnaire was confirmed by emotional intelligence and job satisfaction questionnaires. In general, self-efficacy questionnaire has appropriate validity and is appropriate for measuring self-efficacy in the teachers’ community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - Validity & Reliability of Post-traumatic Growth Questionnaire in veterans by Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the City of Saveh
Atefeh Hosseinloo Hooman NamvarThe present research aims at Validity & Reliability of Post-traumatic Growth Questionnaire in veterans by Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the City of Saveh. Due to restrictions & limitations regarding the population of injured devotees affected by Post-traumat MoreThe present research aims at Validity & Reliability of Post-traumatic Growth Questionnaire in veterans by Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the City of Saveh. Due to restrictions & limitations regarding the population of injured devotees affected by Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the City of Saveh, 300 individuals were chosen by the Census Method. Participants completed questionnaire of post-traumatic growth (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996). The questionnaire regarding Post-traumatic Growth Questionnaire Which Occurred to Devotees consists of 21 questions, in which two questions were omitted after Factor analysis using AMOS software, and the credit coefficient was estimated as 0.85 by using Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient. For validity of the agent, Factor analysis Method was applied. The findings of the study indicate that five factors have been extracted which demonstrate 79/53 percentage of total variance. These five factors include Personal strength, New possibilities, Relating to Others, Appreciation of life, Spiritual change. Validity & Reliability of Post-traumatic Growth Questionnaire Which Occurred to Devotees Affected by Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the City of Saveh enjoys a proper validity for measuring responses of all individuals after the trauma. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - Psychometric Properties of the Colorado Test (CLDQ) in the students of Roodehen male vocational schools in the academic year of 97-98
Ghadir Ghadiri Alamdari Hossein Bigdeli Reza HosseinpourThe aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Colorado test (CLDQ). Due to the nature of their field of study, vocational school students must have perseverance, focus on purpose, perceptiveness and deep problem-solving power in order to ac MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Colorado test (CLDQ). Due to the nature of their field of study, vocational school students must have perseverance, focus on purpose, perceptiveness and deep problem-solving power in order to achieve the goals of vocational schools curricula. The research method was exploratory factor analysis. The statistical population included 367 students of Shahid Chamran and Ayatollah Rafsanjani male' vocational schools in the academic year of 97-98 in the city of Roodehen. After screening, 120 people were selected by convenience sampling. The validity of the Colorado questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.90 and using the retest method is 0.94, which indicates high internal consistency and reliability. Three factors were identified, which included all five factors of reading, social cognition, social anxiety, and spatial and mathematical problems. According to the obtained results, this scale has high validity and reliability and can be used as a useful self-assessment tool for learning disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - Instrumentation for the Measurement of Factors Affecting Social Control of Cybercultural Transgressions among Social Media Users
Shalaleh Meraji Oskuie Kamran Mohamadkhani Ali Delavar Ali Akbar FarhangiAbstractDespite all the advantages to human life, computer-mediated communication has provided a fertile ground for transgressive behaviors. Transgression is a behavior that goes beyond boundaries, conventions, laws, and accepted practices. The way societies confront tr MoreAbstractDespite all the advantages to human life, computer-mediated communication has provided a fertile ground for transgressive behaviors. Transgression is a behavior that goes beyond boundaries, conventions, laws, and accepted practices. The way societies confront transgressive behaviors, and the social control methods they employ to decrease these behaviors and reduce their mal-effects are of a high significance. Hence, the current research aimed at instrumentation for the measurement of the factors affecting social control of cybercultural transgressions. In the current research, six steps of instrumentation are presented as follows: 1) Identification and extraction of constructs from literature; 2) Validation of constructs and variables; 3) Validity assessment of item pool; 4) A priori reliability and 5) Post hoc reliability assessment; 6) Construct validity assessment; and also, the results of the instrument implementation including final model’s goodness-of-fit, and power analysis are presented. The results of instrumentation process showed an acceptable validity and reliability for the instrument. The steps outlined in the current research can lead to development of better instruments by researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - Investigatoin of factor structure, validity and reliability of Maslach Burnout Inventory ( MBI ) among Football referees
Hamid Reza Shams Ravandi Hasanpasha Sharifi Hamzeh GangiMaslach Burnout Inventory is the most commonly used measure of burnout. The main purpose of this study was to investigate validity and reliability of Maslach Burnout Inventory among professional Football and Futsal referees of the country. The Statistical Society of thi MoreMaslach Burnout Inventory is the most commonly used measure of burnout. The main purpose of this study was to investigate validity and reliability of Maslach Burnout Inventory among professional Football and Futsal referees of the country. The Statistical Society of this study consisted of all active male and female referees in the Premier League and first Division Football and Futsal of the country in including 341 persons ( 229 male and 112 female referees ). The Sample was considered equal to the entire studied society.To verify the validity of this scale, confirmatory factor analysis method was used and for reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha was used. Factor analysis findings showed that the questions of this scale have high factor load and largely correspond to the questionnaire and findings of other research. Also, the reliability of this tool is confirmed by Cronbach's alpha at the test and retest stage. The results of this study indicate that MBI can be used for measuring of burnout among referees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - Normalization assessment of occupational health literacy questionnaire among mining industries employees of Iran
nazem sedighi ناظم صدیقی amin rafiepoor mehrdad sabetAbstract Objective:: Due to special working conditions, mine workers face various occupational risks and accidents. Considering that unsafe behaviors play a role in the occurrence of accidents in industrial environments, dealing with the occupational health of employee MoreAbstract Objective:: Due to special working conditions, mine workers face various occupational risks and accidents. Considering that unsafe behaviors play a role in the occurrence of accidents in industrial environments, dealing with the occupational health of employees, which indicates the capacity and ability to access, communicate and understand health and safety services and information, This leads to healthy decisions in the workplace. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of standardizing occupational health literacy questionnaire among employees of Imidro's mining industries in Iran. Method: The present study was a correlational descriptive study and it was conducted on 283 employees of 15 units of Imidro Mining Industries in Iran using available sampling method. The data was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha and exploratory factor analysis using SPSS24 software. Findings: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed the existence of 4 factors of ability to obtain information, understand information, evaluate information and use information in occupational health and safety, which in total explain 43.018% of the total variance. Also, the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha indicated good reliability for the whole scale (0.91) and for the 4 mentioned factors between 0.752 and 0.852. The norm of the questionnaire was done with the standard T score, which can be interpreted in 4 levels of occupational health literacy (weak, medium, high and very high). Conclusion: the occupational health literacy questionnaire is sufficient and can be used in future researches, and this questionnaire has sufficient reliability and validity to measure this construct in Iranian samples. Keywords: occupational health literacy, reliability, validity, norm Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - Investigation of the Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of "Quality of Life Questionnaire" in Secondly Elementary School Students
Mohammad Reza Yekta Fatemeh Zahra Nazari Majid BarzegarQuality of life today is one of the most important health outcomes that is necessary to measure in cases such as the evaluation of health interventions in many health researches. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the "quality MoreQuality of life today is one of the most important health outcomes that is necessary to measure in cases such as the evaluation of health interventions in many health researches. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the "quality of life questionnaire" for elementary school students. The statistical population of the present study was the second grade students of Khorramabad and the statistical sample was 480 students who were selected by convenience sampling. The instrument used in the research was the "Quality of Life Questionnaire" of Chou et al. (2017). Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire and confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the identified factors. The results showed that the Persian version of the "quality of life questionnaire" for elementary students consists of 4 factors and all 4 factors show acceptable Cronbach's alpha and the validity of the tool is confirmed. Therefore, it can be said that the Persian version of the "quality of life questionnaire" is valid and reliable in the second grade elementary students (fourth, fifth and sixth grade) and can be used in academic counseling centers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - Construction and Primary Standardizing of the Desire for High-Risk Behaviors Scale among Adolescent Girls
fatemeh paki, zahra yosefi gol parvar mohsenThe purpose of this study was to construct and primary standardize of the high risk behaviors scale among second high school girls students. Research method was survey and instrument construction. The statistical population of this study consisted of all adolescent girl MoreThe purpose of this study was to construct and primary standardize of the high risk behaviors scale among second high school girls students. Research method was survey and instrument construction. The statistical population of this study consisted of all adolescent girls aged 15-18 years in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 340 secondary school girls who were selected through convenience (accessible) sampling. Researcher made High-Risk Behaviors Scale (HRBS), Iranian Adolescent's Risk Scale (IARS- Zadeh Mohammadi & Ahmadabadi, 2011) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ- Goldberg, 1970) were used to gather the data. Data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, Pearson correlation and exploratory factor analysis. The results showed that internal consistency, test-retest reliability and questions and subscales coordination were appropriate. Evidence of divergent and convergent validity with Iranian adolescents' risk behaviors and mental health showed that high risk behaviors scale had divergent and convergent validity. Factor analysis confirmed construct validity of the scale. Providing percent norms and standard can help to determine normative judgment. Given these findings, it can be concluded that the high-risk behaviors scale for Adolescent girls has desirable psychometric properties and can be used in educational and research fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - Psychometric properties of the Domestic Violence Questionnaire in women
Bahman ShafieeIntroduction and goal: Domestic violence, a type of relationship between the sexes is unusual and unconventional. Domestic violence, a phenomenon in which the woman due to the force of the man placed his gender. With the recent popularity, cost and consequences need to MoreIntroduction and goal: Domestic violence, a type of relationship between the sexes is unusual and unconventional. Domestic violence, a phenomenon in which the woman due to the force of the man placed his gender. With the recent popularity, cost and consequences need to address this problem is evident. Ineffective and inefficient methods of fighting against domestic violence, could be retaliation, angry a long time, leaving home and noted. And effective coping methods can be used to silence one of the parties, talking after relaxation, help seeking guidance from the elders visiting family counseling centers, bearing a mention. Questionnaire design how to deal with domestic violence on women is particularly important to reduce the side effects of domestic violence on women. This study aimed to determine the psychometric questionnaire designed to deal with domestic violence against women. Methods: In this study, the methodology, after a review of existing studies and literature, basic phrases and then design the questionnaire validity and reliability was determined using different methods. To determine the validity of the method of face validity, content validity and construct validity were used. The internal consistency reliability and test-retest methods through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient was calculated. Results: After reviewing the literature, the questionnaire's content validity. The results of exploratory factor analysis 69/34 Hara percent of variance explained. Reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0/82 and 0/81 Test-retest reliability coefficient. Conclusion: The validity and reliability of 32 words, how to deal with domestic violence against women was confirmed. This is a tool to measure how to deal with domestic violence on women used in other studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - Psychometric properties of The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory- Adolescent- Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF) in adolescents referred to counseling centers in Tehran
Reihaneh Reihani Kambiz Kamkary Firouz KioumarcyIn this study, "Psychometric properties of The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory– Adolescent - Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF) in adolescents referred to counseling centers in Tehran" has been done and the main question of the research that arises is whethe MoreIn this study, "Psychometric properties of The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory– Adolescent - Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF) in adolescents referred to counseling centers in Tehran" has been done and the main question of the research that arises is whether this instrument has desirable psychometric properties or not? The present research design is survey of descriptive method. The statistical population consists of all adolescents aged 12 to 18 who have referred to counseling centers in Tehran. 300 adolescents were selected by nonrandom sampling method using incidental and convenient sample. The instrument used in this study is The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent-Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF) which has been standardized by Kamkary and Shokrzadeh. In order to determine the validity coefficient of the inventory, two methods of Cronbach's alpha and the split-half reliability have been used; Also in order to evaluate the concurrent validity, The Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory-II (MACI-II) have been used. Findings showed that the validity coefficients with Cronbach's alpha and split-half in the scales of emotional dysfunction, demoralization, dysfunctional negative emotion, self-doubt, negative school attitudes, shyness, aggressiveness, psychoticism, and introversion were higher than 0/70, which indicates the desirable validity coefficients of these scales in adolescents referred to counseling centers in Tehran. Also, Findings showed that this instrument has concurrent validity with The Million Adolescent Clinical Inventory-II. Finally, it can be concluded that this Inventory has desirable psychometric properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Psychometric properties academic hardiness for late elementary school children
Zahra Nasseri Fatemeh Shaterian mohammadiThe purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of School Related Hardiness Scale (SHRS) in Saveh’s late elementary school Students. The research method was descriptive type based on exploratory-survey method. Statistical population was contai MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of School Related Hardiness Scale (SHRS) in Saveh’s late elementary school Students. The research method was descriptive type based on exploratory-survey method. Statistical population was containing all of Saveh’s late elementary school students in 2017-2018 academic years. Sample of research was consisted of 399 students of late elementary schools who were selected using stratified random sampling. A total of 221 people, 55.4% of male and 178 male participants, 44.6%, are female. Assessment instruments consisted of School Related Hardiness Scale (SRHS). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) based on principles component analysis and Varimax rotation and Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA) was conducted. Exploratory factor analysis showed a three main factors measurement model(tree factor of control, commitment, and challenge) and nine subsidiary factors confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The total value of reliability with the value of 0.778 represents the internal validity of the hardiness questionnaire. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - Investigating the Psychometric Indices of the Academic Factors Scale Affecting the Research Experience in Graduate Students of Chamran University of Ahwaz
yaser garavand alireza hajiyakhchaliThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric Indices of the scale of academic factors affecting the research experience in graduate students of Chamran University of Ahwaz. The statistical population of this study included all graduate students o MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric Indices of the scale of academic factors affecting the research experience in graduate students of Chamran University of Ahwaz. The statistical population of this study included all graduate students of Shahid Chamran University in Ahwaz in the academic year 1365-96, whose number was 1130. From this, 325 people were selected as a research sample by stratified random sampling method. The scale used in the study was the Tarban and Logue scale (2012), which has 32 materials and includes five sub-scales of research thinking, academic thinking, teacher support, peer support and research methods. The Reliability of the scale was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and Test retest That's respectively in satisfactory coefficients of 0.85 and 0.82, Was obtained. To verify the validity of the scale, the confirmatory factor analysis method was used that the fitting indices of the model indicated a suitable fit for the model and therefore the validity of the scale, the results of t-test showed that there is no significant difference between male and female students regarding the overall score of academic factors affecting research experience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Construction and validation of interpersonal intelligence test on children aged 7 to 12 years in Hamadan
Safoura Atarod Khosro Rashid Abolghasem Yaghoobi Syed Ali Hosseini AlmadaniAim of this research was construct and validate an Interpersonal intelligence test in 7-12-year-old children in Hamadan city. The current research was a descriptive-survey method and a test validation type. The research population included parents of elementary school c MoreAim of this research was construct and validate an Interpersonal intelligence test in 7-12-year-old children in Hamadan city. The current research was a descriptive-survey method and a test validation type. The research population included parents of elementary school children in Hamedan. The research sample was 577 parents of elementary school students who were randomly selected and answered the researcher-made test and the Mackenzie Multiple Intelligence Test (1999). Pearson correlation, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha method were used to analyze the data. The Results obtained from the exploratory factor analysis showed that the researcher-made test consists of two factors: attention to the emotions of others and empathy. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the two-factor structure of the researcher-made test. Content validity was obtained using the opinion of experts and 0.81. The correlation between the researcher-made test and the McKenzie interpersonal intelligence test was 0.59, which was significant (p<0.01). The reliability of the whole test was 0.90 using Cronbach's alpha method and 0.91 for attention to the emotions of others, 0.88 for empathy. Thus, it can be said that the researcher-made test of interpersonal intelligence in the sample of 7-12-year-old Iranian children has acceptable psychometric properties, and experts in the fields of psychology can use this tool in their research Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Determing determining psychometrice characteristics of Brief Core Schema Scales (B C S S)
Zahra Hoseinpour Adis KraskianMojmbaryThe aim of study was to evaluate The psychometric characrteristics of the Brief Core Schema Scales (BCSS) in Iranian society This study was from descriptive_type research The study. Sample consisted of 542 students(280 female and 262 male). Selected in randomly mu MoreThe aim of study was to evaluate The psychometric characrteristics of the Brief Core Schema Scales (BCSS) in Iranian society This study was from descriptive_type research The study. Sample consisted of 542 students(280 female and 262 male). Selected in randomly multi_step random students of Karaj Azad University In order to answer the reserch questions analyses of classical psychometric Theory incoluding analysis of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis with principal components were used Also to check The validity of the scale Some methods were used in coluding The correlation between The total score andSubscale criterion _referenced validity And cronbach’s alpha coefficiend to estimale the In ternal consistency and tables of norm scale for Presenting the Z sigma _aligned scores The T score and rating percentin SPSS software. The results showed that exploratory Factor analysis and confirmatory factor Analysis showed The Validity of The Brief Core Schema Scales in the Iranian community The results of this study Confirmed the crite rion_refernced Validity Of dissociative Experiences scule of Juveniles in Iran.Estimated coefficients showed reliability of scale and Subscales in both dimension of in ternal in both dimension, of internal consistency and reliability. Also regarding the results of Comparison of juveniles Dissociative Experiences scores and subscalein Gender . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Construction and Primary Standardizing of the Desire for High-Risk Behaviors Scale among Adolescent Girls
fatemeh paki, zahra yuosefi, gol parvar mohsenThe purpose of this study was to construct and primary standardize of the high risk behaviors scale among second high school girls students. Research method was survey and instrument construction. The statistical population of this study consisted of all adolescent girl MoreThe purpose of this study was to construct and primary standardize of the high risk behaviors scale among second high school girls students. Research method was survey and instrument construction. The statistical population of this study consisted of all adolescent girls aged 15-18 years in Isfahan. The sample consisted of 340 secondary school girls who were selected through convenience (accessible) sampling. Researcher made High-Risk Behaviors Scale (HRBS), Iranian Adolescent's Risk Scale (IARS- Zadeh Mohammadi & Ahmadabadi, 2011) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ- Goldberg, 1970) were used to gather the data. Data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, Pearson correlation and exploratory factor analysis. The results showed that internal consistency, test-retest reliability and questions and subscales coordination were appropriate. Evidence of divergent and convergent validity with Iranian adolescents' risk behaviors and mental health showed that high risk behaviors scale had divergent and convergent validity. Factor analysis confirmed construct validity of the scale. Providing percent norms and standard can help to determine normative judgment. Given these findings, it can be concluded that the high-risk behaviors scale for Adolescent girls has desirable psychometric properties and can be used in educational and research fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Psychometric properties of mathematical self-efficacy scale in elementary students
Mehdi Hasani Reza Dastjerdi Mohamadreza Asadi Yoonesi Majid PakdamanThe purpose of this study was to validate the Mathematical Self-efficacy Questionnaire developed by the American Longitudinal Studies Association based on the Liu & Koirala (2009), and May (2009) Mathematical Academic Self-efficacy Questionnaires for high school stu MoreThe purpose of this study was to validate the Mathematical Self-efficacy Questionnaire developed by the American Longitudinal Studies Association based on the Liu & Koirala (2009), and May (2009) Mathematical Academic Self-efficacy Questionnaires for high school students. According to the need and necessity, the statistical population of Birjand's elementary school students was administered in the school year of 97-98. Multistage random cluster sampling was used to select 24 schools and from each schools select one class to answer the math self-efficacy questionnaire. In order to overcome the problem of missing single data, in SPSS statistical software, with the help of Hot-Deck Imputation method, data were completed and out of 460 subjects, 441 subjects answered as sample size. The final was analyzed. The findings of this study were analyzed using SPSS 21, LISREL 8.80 and R 3.6.1 statistical methods and two descriptive findings and the research hypothesis test and structural equation modeling in the measurement model section. The RMSEA was lower than 0.08 and all GFI, AGFI, NFI, NNFI, and CFI indices were above 0.90, confirming the validity of the math self-efficacy questionnaire for elementary students Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Intercultural Comparison of Resilience Construct
noor mahe haj mohamad rezaResilience is the ability of human beings to adapt and overcome threats and hardships. Resilience is affected by different factors. The present study uses the descriptive method that was carried out with the aim of intercultural comparison of resilience. Sample populati MoreResilience is the ability of human beings to adapt and overcome threats and hardships. Resilience is affected by different factors. The present study uses the descriptive method that was carried out with the aim of intercultural comparison of resilience. Sample population included all of the university students of Tehran. 400 students were chosen through cluster sampling. Evaluation tool was the resilience questionnaire (Connor-Davidson, 2003) that was analyzed by factor analysis after completion by students. Findings showed that the resilience construct has a proper validity and reliability and includes five factors of purposivism, self-control, problem solving ability, belief and optimism. A comparison of the obtained results with the factor analysis results of the questionnaire in other countries (Spain, India and South Korea) showed that: the number of components and the questions related to each component of resilience construct is different in different countries. In addition, the purposivism and ability to self-control are more important in Iranian culture. So, intercultural differences should be taken into account while considering the resilience of people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - An Investigation into Psychometric Properties of Trust in Nurses Scale
Roghieh Nooripour Mojtaba Habibi Nikzad Ghnabari Ali Hossein Zade OskoeiIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to assess reliability and validity of Trust in Nurses Scale in Patients of Qazvin City.Results: Findings revealed that Cronbach’s alpha is acceptable(α=0.84), Factor analytic investigations using LISREL have sugges MoreIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to assess reliability and validity of Trust in Nurses Scale in Patients of Qazvin City.Results: Findings revealed that Cronbach’s alpha is acceptable(α=0.84), Factor analytic investigations using LISREL have suggested that 1subscales is extracted from the 5items scale. Conclusion: Based on these findings, Trust in Nurses Scale has acceptable validity and reliability and can be used in the Iranian population. More samples with next studies are recommended. Identify and improve trust between nurses and patients can very positive results for the medical staff and the quality of their care Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - This research is to study the psychometric features of Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire (MSQ) on the staff of manufacturing companies in Tehran and its suburbs who worked on the years 1392 & 1393
nastaran sharifi lila najarThis research is to study the psychometric features of Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire (MSQ) on the staff of manufacturing companies in Tehran and its suburbs who worked on the years 1392 & 1393. To this end, a number of 403 men and women individuals from t MoreThis research is to study the psychometric features of Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire (MSQ) on the staff of manufacturing companies in Tehran and its suburbs who worked on the years 1392 & 1393. To this end, a number of 403 men and women individuals from the staff of these companies were selected through multistage random sampling. The entire participants were tested and evaluated using the long form (100 questions) of Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire. This is an exploratory descriptive survey type of research in correlation directory studied based on the classic methods of psychometrics. Using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, the validity values of internal consistency of internal and external factors of job satisfaction questionnaire were derived at 0.971 and 0.971 for 61 and 37 questions, respectively. The validity coefficients for the entire questionnaire of Minnesota job satisfaction were calculated at 0.983 following the removal of two questions in the factor analysis (98 questions). Structural reliability of questionnaire was studied using factor analysis and the KMO indicator was equal to 0.935 while the significance of Bartlett’s sphericity indicated the presence of necessary conditions for application of factor analysis. Results of factor analysis through varimax rotation led to extraction of two factors that explains nearly 43% of the total variance. The first factor (internal factor) and the second factor (external factors) constitute 22.889% and 19.842%, respectively. Ratings percentage was calculated in order to draft the norm for job satisfaction questionnaire and as a result, the table of norm was drawn up for both factors and the entire questionnaire. Results of this research suggest that the Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire may be used as a relatively valid and reliable means for measurement of occupational satisfaction in industrial units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Factor structure and validation of Self-Differentiation Inventory Short Form (SDI-SF)
mohsen rasoli mohamad hosein asodeh farzaneh tamrchi zahra hoseiniIntroduction: Self-differentiation as the core concept of Bowen’s family systems theory refers to individual’s ability of differentiating between affective and mind processes. In other words, achieving a degree of emotional independence so that one is able n MoreIntroduction: Self-differentiation as the core concept of Bowen’s family systems theory refers to individual’s ability of differentiating between affective and mind processes. In other words, achieving a degree of emotional independence so that one is able not be drawn in to the emotional pool of emotionally laden situations, and decides in an autonomous and rational manner. Purpose: The present study aimed at investigating the factor structure and validation of Drake et al.(2015) ’s Self-Differentiation Inventory Short Form (SDI-SF)in Iran. Method: Using convenience sampling procedure, a national sample of 1503 people( 433 males and 1070 females) whose age range was 14 to 62 for males and 18 to 59 for females was selected among internet social networks users. Then the selected users answered the electronic version of DSI-SF. Results: Using principal components method and Varimax rotation, five factors were extracted. So the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor structure of the inventory had a good fitness to the gathered data. In addition to checking for the content validity of the inventory, the reliability index was calculated(α= 0.741), showing an acceptable internal consistency. Discussion: the results of factor analysis confirmed the original factor structure of the inventory, the reliability indices were similar to the results of previous research. Therefore according to the results of the study SDI-SF is an reliable and valid measure for determining the level of self-differentiation in the Iranian population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - The consideration of validity and reliability of computer literacy and its comparison among virtual and non-virtual students.
leila leila bagher por khadijeh abolmaali ali akbar seyfThe main purpose of this study was to investigate validity and reliability of Son, Robb, Charismiadji's computer literacyquestionnaire among virtual and non-virtual students inScience and Technology University of Tehran in 2013. A random-stratified method was applied to MoreThe main purpose of this study was to investigate validity and reliability of Son, Robb, Charismiadji's computer literacyquestionnaire among virtual and non-virtual students inScience and Technology University of Tehran in 2013. A random-stratified method was applied to select the sample (n=250). Participants completed two questionn- aires: Sonand et al.'s Computer Literacy Scale (2011) and Herczeg and Kindsmüller'scomputer literacy test. Based on The results of exploratory factor analysis with principal axis factoringmethod and Varimax rotation was identified two integrative and significant factors. The first and second factors were named application and ability, respectively. These two factors were explained 46.279% of total variance of this test. The correlation of this test with Herczeg and Kinds- müller's computer literacy test was significant and positive (.791) and also its internal consistency (α= 0.869) and test -retest reliability (r=0.958) were satisfactory. The results of multivariate analysis of variance indicated that virtual students had better function in terms of computer literacy in comparison with the non-virtual students (p<.01) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - Investigating the Psychometric Indices of the Academic Factors Scale Affecting the Research Experience in Graduate Students of Chamran University of Ahwaz
Yaser Garavand Alireza Haji YakhchaliThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric Indices of the scale of academic factors affecting the research experience in graduate students of Chamran University of Ahwaz. The statistical population of this study included al MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric Indices of the scale of academic factors affecting the research experience in graduate students of Chamran University of Ahwaz. The statistical population of this study included all graduate students of Shahid Chamran University in Ahwaz in the academic year 1365-96, whose number was 1130. From this, 325 people were selected as a research sample by stratified random sampling method. The scale used in the study was the Tarban and Logue scale (2012), which has 32 materials and includes five sub-scales of research thinking, academic thinking, teacher support, peer support and research methods. The Reliability of the scale was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and Test retest That's respectively in satisfactory coefficients of 0.85 and 0.82, Was obtained. To verify the validity of the scale, the confirmatory factor analysis method was used that the fitting indices of the model indicated a suitable fit for the model and therefore the validity of the scale, the results of t-test showed that there is no significant difference between male and female students regarding the overall score of academic factors affecting research experience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Psychometric properties of Internet addiction test and its relationship with aggression among 20-30-year-old youth in Tehran
Saeed Almasi Rita Liaqat Morteza HosseiniThe excessive and inaccurate use of the Internet poses the risk of "Internet addiction" (Young, 1998). The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of Young's Internet addiction test and its relationship with aggression among 20-30-year-old you MoreThe excessive and inaccurate use of the Internet poses the risk of "Internet addiction" (Young, 1998). The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of Young's Internet addiction test and its relationship with aggression among 20-30-year-old youth in Tehran. For this purpose, all of the 20–30-year-olds in Tehran who were living in one of Tehran's districts in 1394 participated in this study and424 people selected by available sampling method. For data collection, demographic questionnaire, Yang's Internet addiction and bass and perception aggression were used. For data analysis, internal consistency, exploratory, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis were used by SPSS and AMOS software. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole test is 0.94 indicating the intrinsic consistency and expression of the excellent value of Internet addiction. To determine the factors, exploratory factor analysis was performed and finally, three factors were named as difficulty in control, social problems and control impairment. To determine the best model for data of this research, a confirmatory factor analysis was used and according to the fit indices it was concluded that the 3-factor extractive model of this research is better fitted with the data. Finally, according to the findings of this study, Young's Internet addiction test has good psychometric properties, but has no relation to aggression Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Finding Factors and Reliability of Ribeiro's Satisfaction of Social Support Scale in Mothers
khadijeh Abolmaali Fatemeh FghhieAbstract: Aims: The purpose of this study was to find factors and obtain reliability of The Ribeiro's Satisfaction with Social Support Scale in mothers referred to health centers in Tehran in 1394. Materials and Methods: Five hundred women were selected randomly via m MoreAbstract: Aims: The purpose of this study was to find factors and obtain reliability of The Ribeiro's Satisfaction with Social Support Scale in mothers referred to health centers in Tehran in 1394. Materials and Methods: Five hundred women were selected randomly via multi-period method and completed The Ribeiro's satisfaction of social support scale. Results: Exploratory factor analysis with principal components analysis identified four factors for satisfaction with social support: Satisfaction with friends (with 4items), satisfaction with family / intimacy (with 6 items), perceived social support of friends (with 2 items) and the satisfac- tion of the community (with 2 items). The contribution of each factor identified in the total variance was 33.74, 19.395, 12.638, and 7.836respectively. The components of internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficient was equal to 0.953, 0.843, 0.888, 0.648 respectively, which represented an acceptable internal consistency of extracted factors. Conclusion This scale was made for measuring of satisfaction with social support in women. It is recommended that psychologists and counselors can use this scale for measuring the satisfaction with social support in women. Key words: Findings factors, Reliability, Satisfaction of social protection Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - A Study of Factorial Structure (Construct Validity) and internal consistency of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory in Iranian teenage population
محمود khAbstract The present study aimed to investigate the factor structure and determining the internal consistency of the Bam Sex-Role Inventory (form 30 items). The study method is descriptive and correlation research for the analysis of covarianc MoreAbstract The present study aimed to investigate the factor structure and determining the internal consistency of the Bam Sex-Role Inventory (form 30 items). The study method is descriptive and correlation research for the analysis of covariance matrix. Data were collected from 402 students of high school in 2017-2018 by stratified-cluster sampling. To determine the factorial validity, Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were used. In order to determine the internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. The findings showed that Bam's theoretical model was not fitted with collected data, In contrast to the obtained model from exploratory factor analysis showed acceptable fit with data. The Cronbach alpha coefficient in the whole inventory, the masculinity and femininity subscales was respectively 0.70, 0.70 and 0.61. The results of the research repeated the findings of some previous studies about the BSRI-dependent culture and the extraction of a different factorial structure than theoretical logic. Regarding the non-fit of Bam's theoretical model, the inappropriate patterns of the coefficients in some items and the low correlation of some items with the whole scale, the BSRI Form 30 should be revised to evaluate the gender characteristics of Iranian adolescents Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - Investigation of factor structure, validity and reliability of perceived Learning Climate Questioner (LCQ)
مریم متقیان مالک میرهاشمی h.p shAbstract Identifying and measuring the emotional factors affecting academic achievement is one of the most active and important areas in educational psychology. In this study, the standardization, validity and rel MoreAbstract Identifying and measuring the emotional factors affecting academic achievement is one of the most active and important areas in educational psychology. In this study, the standardization, validity and reliability of perceived Learning Climate Questioner (LCQ) have been investigated. The questionnaire contains 15 questions that have been used to assess the classroom Climate and teacher perceived support for autonomy. The subjects were 368 high school students who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. To verify the validity of this scale, confirmatory factor analysis method was used and for reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha was used. Factor analysis findings showed that the questions of this scale have high factor load and largely correspond to the questionnaire and findings of other research. Also, the reliability of this tool is confirmed by Cronbach's alpha at the test and retest stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - Psychometric properties of the 3×2 achievement goals: Factor structure, reliability and validity
ثنا پناهی پور مهدی عرب زاده پروین کدیورPsychometric properties of the 3×2 achievement goals: Factor structure, reliability and validityPsychometric properties of the 3×2 achievement goals: Factor structure, reliability and validity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
381 - Validation of Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale in Iran
Nieusha alaii fardzari Adis kraskebanThe aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES) in Iranian society. This study was form descriptive-type research. The study sample consisted of 530 students (280 female and 250 male) selected i MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES) in Iranian society. This study was form descriptive-type research. The study sample consisted of 530 students (280 female and 250 male) selected in a multistage random cluster among students of Alborz Province high schools;After the translation of the Dissociative Experiences Scale of teens and revert back to the original language, the scale was translated into Farsi again. After final approval, surveys were taken for implementation of questionnaires in the sample. In order to answer the research questions and examine the hypotheses of research, analyses of classical psychometric theory including analysis of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis with principal components were used. Also to check the validity of the scale, some methods were used including the correlation between the total score and subscales as convergent validity, dividing method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient to estimate the internal consistency and tables of norm scale for presenting the Z sigma-aligned scores, the T score and rating percent in SPSS software. The results showed that exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis showed the validity of the test to measure the Dissociative Experiences of teens in the Iranian community. The results of this study confirmed the convergent validity of Dissociative Experiences Scale of juveniles in Iran. Estimated coefficients showed reliability of scale and subscales in both dimensions of internal consistency and reliability. Also regarding the results of comparison of juveniles Dissociative Experiences scores and its subscale in gender groups, norm scale was drafted based on the percentile ranks and Z and T-standard scores for all subjects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - Psychometric Properties of the Sexual Self-awareness Scale in Iranian Society
Mahboubeh Nasiri Simin BashardostThe purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of sexual self-awareness questionnaire in Iranian society by applying confirmatory factor analysis. In this research, samples of 315 (180 females) and (135 males) of &nb MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of sexual self-awareness questionnaire in Iranian society by applying confirmatory factor analysis. In this research, samples of 315 (180 females) and (135 males) of married students studying at the University of Science and Research were selected by cluster sampling method. In order to investigate the confirmatory factor structure, we used the method of estimating the least amount of weighted squares and for measuring the adequacy of model fit with the data, ، RMSEA، CFI، AGFI، GFI، 2c، /df2c و 2Dc were used. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was more than 0.70 in terms of sexual self-awareness and was satisfactory. The factor structure of this scale was also confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Correlation coefficients between the components of the self-awareness questionnaire were positive and significant at 0.01 level. The mean of correlation coefficients between components was equal to 0.317. This finding indicates the optimal internal correlation of sex-self-knowledge questionnaire .Based on the results of this study, the level of sexual self-knowledge for measuring this structure in Iranian samples is sufficiently reliable and reliable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - The standardize Social Skills Rating System for Parents and Teachers ,Preschool Level (SSRS-PT) Gresham & Elliott in AMOl
Ali Asghar Abbasi Asfjir Fereshteh KhatibiThis study was done to standardize Social Skills Rating System for Parents and Teachers ,Preschool Level (SSRS-PT) Gresham & Elliott (1990) in a sample of 420 (210 males,210 females) prescoolers, 4-6 years in the city of Amol.Children were chosen based on multi stag MoreThis study was done to standardize Social Skills Rating System for Parents and Teachers ,Preschool Level (SSRS-PT) Gresham & Elliott (1990) in a sample of 420 (210 males,210 females) prescoolers, 4-6 years in the city of Amol.Children were chosen based on multi stage Cluster Sampling method and rated by Parents and Teachers with SSRS-P and SSRS-T questionnaires. In order to determine the Reliability of questionnaires,Cronbach’s alpha and Retest method was used.Content related and Construct Validity was used to assess the Validity of questionnaires.Construct Validity was evaluated by Factor Analysis.Datas were analysed by ststistical T-test, Chi Square and Correlation Coefficient .Cronbach’s alpha for both SSRS-P and SSRS-T reports was 0.93 and for behavorial problems was 0.87 that reveal Parent and Teacher’s reports are reliable and show high Internal Consistency.The results of Retest method confirmed the Reliability of both reports with high Correlation.. Factor Analysis of Social Skills addressed three factors of Cooperation,Assertion and Self Control in Teachers reports and four factors of Cooperation , Assertion , Responsibility and Self Control in Perent report . For Behavorial Problems obtained Internalized and Externalized factor in both reports.Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) showed that theoretical and experimental pattern was good. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - Psychometric Properties of Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory among Nurses in Tehran city
Roghayeh Norei pour lieavali Siemin Hoseyniyan Mojtaba Habibi Alireza Salimi niya Mahdi Dehestani Masoud Hejazi Research on perfectionism has evolved from initial presentation of unidimen- sional construct to development of several independent multidimensional conceptualizations of perfectionism, this itself has developed numerous measu- ring tools to measure key and esse More Research on perfectionism has evolved from initial presentation of unidimen- sional construct to development of several independent multidimensional conceptualizations of perfectionism, this itself has developed numerous measu- ring tools to measure key and essential characteristic features of perfectionism; therefore this research was aimed to investigate psychometric properties of Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory-English version (Stoebe & Kobori,2010). This was descriptive survey research and practical in term of purpose. The population of all the public hospitals in Tehran that sample of 190 nurses at Tehran’s hospitals was selected by using cluster random sampling from Milad Hospital, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Sadr Hospital, Kashani Hospital and Shahid Modarres Hospital completed inventory in 2015. Results: Findings revealed that Cronbach’s alpha is acceptable (α=0.79), factor analytic by using LISREL have extracted 3subscales from 15 items of inventory.Conclusion: Based on these findings, Multidimensional Perfectionism Cogni- tions Inventory has acceptable validity and reliability and can be used in Iranian population specially nurses. Further studies are recommended with a larger sample. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - Survey on validity and reliability of Emotion awareness questionnaire in primary school students of Tehran
Atefeh Gholamreza Hayedeh saberiOne of the indicators of behavioral problems in children and adolescents is the emotional intelligence. The most important component of emotional intelligence is emotional awareness. One of the novel tools for measuring emotional awareness in childr MoreOne of the indicators of behavioral problems in children and adolescents is the emotional intelligence. The most important component of emotional intelligence is emotional awareness. One of the novel tools for measuring emotional awareness in children and adolescents is Rieffe emotional self-awareness questionnaire. The aim of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of this questionnaire. For evaluating the reliability of this questionnaire, internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha, was used. For checking the validity of the questionnaire, Face Validity and confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation modeling were used. The results showed that this questionnaire with 30 questions in three measures has not been sufficient reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient less than 6.0) and with eliminating a question of each subscale, validity condition was provided. As a result, recommended the modified version with 27 questions, that fits Iranian children and adolescents, to be used for future studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - Standardization of Intrinsic Motivation for Free Study Scale
Nahid Hamldar Masood GeramipoorThis study aimed to standardize and examine the psychometric character- ristics of intrinsic motivation of free study scale in Tehran. The instrument was administered on 1000 people (15 and older) in 2014-2015 which were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. T MoreThis study aimed to standardize and examine the psychometric character- ristics of intrinsic motivation of free study scale in Tehran. The instrument was administered on 1000 people (15 and older) in 2014-2015 which were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The type of research is psychometric based on classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT). Data analysis, reliability, hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis, percentile ranks, Z and t scores were performed. Reliability of the total Scale was calculated using the Cronbach's alpha 0.92, Guttman’s Lambda 0.92, classified alpha 0.92, split-half 0.75, Omega 0.88, Theta 0.93, Composite 0.91, local0.84. Confirmatory factor analysis shows that the structure of scale has acceptable fit to the data and all indicators confirm the fitness of the model. The norms table was prepared and Z, t, and percentages were calculated. Based on research findings it can be concluded that intrinsic motivation of free study tool has stability, internal consistency, reliability and validity and it can be used in Iranian population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - A preliminary study on the psychometric properties of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ30)
Seyed javad Seyfi ghozlou Ali REzaii Marziyeh sadat Ale yasin Sara TirgarAbstract: Moral psychology has experienced a “renaissance” in recent years. Research on the emotional, cognitive, and social determinants of moral judgment has surged in recent years. The development of moral foundations theory (MFT) has played an importan MoreAbstract: Moral psychology has experienced a “renaissance” in recent years. Research on the emotional, cognitive, and social determinants of moral judgment has surged in recent years. The development of moral foundations theory (MFT) has played an important role, demonstrating the breadth of morality. Moral psychology has responded by investigating how different domains of moral judgment are shaped by a variety of psychological factors.The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian form of Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ30). For this end, 250 teachers (125 male, 125 female) were selected randomly among the teachers of the Moghan city, and responded to Moral Foundations Questionnaire and Schwartz Value Survey (SVS). Psychometric Properties of the moral foundations questionnaire were evaluated. Results Cronbach's alpha for Moral in general was about 79% and for the subscales care / harm, fairness, loyalty to the group, respect for authority and purity were respectively, 58%, 79%, 61%, 70% and 73% . Results of confirmatory factor analysis also showed that this questionnaire has a good fit. The convergent validity of the question- naire, along with the simultaneous implementation Schwartz Value Survey (SVS) evaluated and convergent validity of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire was confirmed. Overall Persian form of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire has a good reliability and validityand it can be used in different investigations in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - Structure,factorialvalidityand Reliability ,quality of teaching instrument inthe Behavioral Science
Ahmad Rezaii Masoud Grami pourAbstract.Background : quality of instruction in the classroom learning environment plays an important role not only as an important element in the learning process and the learning process is also studied. Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate t MoreAbstract.Background : quality of instruction in the classroom learning environment plays an important role not only as an important element in the learning process and the learning process is also studied. Objective: The main objective of this study was to investigate the hierarchical factor structure and reliability of teachingquality assessment ofinstrument in behavioral science. Methods : This study is descriptive and correlationreaserch. the method of this study to investigate correlation and internal consistency and hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis. The study population consists of incoming students in behavioral sciences ( Educational Sciences , Psychology , Social Sciences , Management ), University of Tehran, AllamehTabatabai, Khrazmi , shahed and shahidBeheshti was the 90-1389 school year. population of this study including students of final year of undergraduate study universities are listed in the second semester of the academic year 93-92 was educated (1162N =). The sample consisted of 500 subjects from the target population. As regards this papereRetrieved fromMasters thesis of ScholarThe instruments usedwere aquestionair with49questionsaskedbyresearchers usinga qualitativeapproachand analysiswas madeonthe first stage. Coefficient alpha, Guttman Lambda, 2 split- half,tetaandStratified AlphaComponentofthe questionnaire andthe Total questionnairewas found tobe acceptable. Results: The measurement model and the corresponding coefficients , between the indicator and the first order and first-order factors with second-order general are significant and a good fit . Conclusion: The results of this study with previous studies that have reported a similar item and component coordination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - Standardization of Marriage Satisfaction Test
Ali Akbar SalahiAbstract:The attention paid to the quality of life satisfaction has been of interest to many scholars and experts in this area since the past few years. Therefore, standardization of marriage satisfaction test is the main objective of this research. This test can be con MoreAbstract:The attention paid to the quality of life satisfaction has been of interest to many scholars and experts in this area since the past few years. Therefore, standardization of marriage satisfaction test is the main objective of this research. This test can be considered as one of the most widely used tests in this field. For standardization, first, a translation test was performed on 150 satisfactory couples and 150 disappointed couples. The validity of the marriage satisfaction test through Cronbach's alpha was 0.92, which indicates good credit. The internal correlation method was used to determine the validity of the scales and the maximum was 0.84. The difference in validity was obtained by comparing the two groups with satisfaction and dissatisfaction and with a confidence of 0.95 there was a significant difference between the two groups Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - Investigate reliability and validity hardiness psychological scale
فوزیه الهام پور حمزه گنجی Investigate reliability and validity hardiness psychological scale Investigate reliability and validity hardiness psychological scale Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - Psychometric properties of Pintrich and De Groot Educational Self-Efficacy Beliefs Scale
Ali Mohammad Rezaii Hoseyn Seirii Fahimeh RashidiAbstact The present study aims to evaluate the Pintrich and De Groot Educational Self-Efficacy Beliefs Scale at the students of Semnan University. For this purpose, 300 students (109 males and 191 females) were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method and answ MoreAbstact The present study aims to evaluate the Pintrich and De Groot Educational Self-Efficacy Beliefs Scale at the students of Semnan University. For this purpose, 300 students (109 males and 191 females) were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method and answered and Educational Self-Efficacy Scale.To determine the construct validity of Educational Self-Efficacy Scale, factor analysis and convergent validity methods were used. A factor with a special value greater than one was achieved based on scree test which shows the special values graph which this factor together explained 85/44% of the total variance of the test. The concurrent implementation of Pintrich and De Groot Educational Self-Efficacy Scale with students Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (CASES) was used to calculate the convergent validity of Educational Self-Efficacy Scale. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between these two measures is 42/0 which is significant at the level 5 / 0≥P. The reliability ofEducational Self-Efficacy Scale was calculated the internal consistency method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient.The results showed that the reliability of Educational Self-Efficacy is scale is 845/0 that is acceptable and satisfying. It is concluded according to appropriate validity and reliability as well as having globally reputable research background thatPintrich and De Groot Educational Self-Efficacy Scale is a perfect tool to measure self-efficacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - Civil liability of governmental, educational institutions arising from the loss of opportunity
alehealsadat ghanriz Hossein mehrpoor Abbas karimiAbstractThe issue of loss of opportunity and the possibility or impossibility of damages resulting from is crucial civil liability issues. However, there is still no specific text or judicial procedure in Iranian law. When the loss of opportunity arises from government MoreAbstractThe issue of loss of opportunity and the possibility or impossibility of damages resulting from is crucial civil liability issues. However, there is still no specific text or judicial procedure in Iranian law. When the loss of opportunity arises from government subsidiaries' performance, this legal vacuum manifests more clearly. The concept of subordinate responsibility of the government is a way to fill this legal gap. At first glance, however, there is a conflict between the institutional principle of personal responsibility and the subordinate responsibility of the state. But the formulation of two distinct arguments is capable of resolving this conflict; Those arguments are mainly ascertained on intrinsic duties and mechanisms at the government's disposal. The subordinate responsibility of the government is founded on national and international rules and regulations. Also, in the Islamic legal system, the subordinate responsibility of the ruler is considered and emphasized. Derived from Article 30 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic, the provision of effective and efficient educational management should be deemed as a part of government governance duties, i.e., Providing a coherent set of knowledge derived from the application of scientific methods to characterize and explain organizational elements and relations between them in educational organizations. If the citizens have lost the opportunity and the resulting losses due to the inefficiency of the academic management of government institutions, the government has civil liability for those cases, as in other similar cases. Keywords: Loss of Opportunity, Civil Liability, Subordinate Liability, Citizen, Educational Management, Public Education Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - effect of the quality of after sales services of Kia Motors Automobile Dealers in Tehran using the Servqual Model
ali shafiei mina jamshidiQuality service assessment is the prerequisite of the programming in order to qualitative improvement of the organizations’ services. Hence, the study of the quality in different aspects of the organization’s services from the consumers’ perspective ha MoreQuality service assessment is the prerequisite of the programming in order to qualitative improvement of the organizations’ services. Hence, the study of the quality in different aspects of the organization’s services from the consumers’ perspective has been the subject of many studies historically. Users of the organizations’ services have expectations about the received services, and the major key for the organizations to reach to the desirable quality of service is presenting the services and functions that are matched with expectations or even beyond the expectations of users. This study surveyed the quality of the after-sale service for Kia automobile manufacture, by using the SERVQUAL model, in Tehran. The statistic society of the current study was the owners of Kia cars. According to Morgan table, 384 questionnaires had been collected, and the collected data were analyzed by LISREL8.5, and SPSS20 software. The results showed that Kia agencies in Tehran failed to meet their customers' expectations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - Validity, reliability and factor structure of theexperiences ofclose relationships questionnaire - the relationship structure (ECR-RS)
Mino Poravari Saeid GHanbari Ali Zadeh Mohammadi Leila PanaghiThe experiments scale related to close relationship, structure of the relationship, is based on attachment dimensional approach and it is one of the most widely used tests in the field of adult attachment. The present study examined the reliability, validity and factor MoreThe experiments scale related to close relationship, structure of the relationship, is based on attachment dimensional approach and it is one of the most widely used tests in the field of adult attachment. The present study examined the reliability, validity and factor structure of the experience of close relationship-relationship structure questionnaire. For this purpose, a sample size of 340 unmarried young adults aged 18 to 30 years living in various parts of Tehran, were selected from available samples and they were evaluated in terms of closed relationship- relationship structure , anxiety, depression and stress. The result of factor analysis revealed that a two-factor model using both factor of avoidance and anxiety in every field fit in Iranian society. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, was higher than 0.70 and was satisfactory; in addition, the test-retest coefficient of the questionnaire after two weeks intervals was between 69.0 to 80.0 respectively. Correlation efficient analysis indicated that the scores of close relationship-structure of relationship has positive and significant relationship with anxiety, depression, and stress. This relationship indicates convergent validity of the close relationship-relationship structure questionnaire. We can say that the aforesaid questionnaire is a valid and useful tool for carrying out related research in various fields associated with attachment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - Study of factor structure, reliability and validity of the sexual self efficacy questionnaire
Shahram Vaziri Farah LOtfi kashaniSexual problems in women are highly prevalent and it is continuously related to individual’s stress and destruction of quality of life. In assessment of women’s sexual problem and determining its nature, assessment of sexual drives, study of growth, sexual d MoreSexual problems in women are highly prevalent and it is continuously related to individual’s stress and destruction of quality of life. In assessment of women’s sexual problem and determining its nature, assessment of sexual drives, study of growth, sexual development and in amidst information, sexual self efficacy as an intervening variable plays a decisive role. Regarding the importance of recognizing the assessment of this subject, the aim of the current study was to build and study the properties of psychometric of the sexual self efficacy questionnaire in women. Therefore, in a survey study of cross – sectional, 594 women with the age range of 20-40 entered the study after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were tested with sexual self-efficacy -researcher constructed questionnaire. Factor analysis using principal components analysis with varimax rotation indicated two factors in this questionnaire. Psychometric evaluation of this study confirmed the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Our results indicated that sexual self-efficacy questionnaire; in the Iranian society has good psychometric roperties and can be used in diagnostic and interventional procedures. Keywords: sexual self efficacy, validity, reliability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - Factor Structure, Reliability and Validity of Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (VOCI)
Zahra Izadi Mohammad reza Abedi Samane MoienDepression stands amongst the most prevalent disorders and its accurate and early diagnosis and assessment is of crucial importance for the clinical specialist. Therefore, the research purpose is to assess the psychometric properties of Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive MoreDepression stands amongst the most prevalent disorders and its accurate and early diagnosis and assessment is of crucial importance for the clinical specialist. Therefore, the research purpose is to assess the psychometric properties of Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (VOCI) amongst the obsessive-compulsive students. Hence, a sample of 82 obsessive-compulsive patients were selected through convenience sampling and tested by Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (VOCI), The Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive scale, Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire. Results have confirmed the reliability and validity of Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (VOCI). Moreover, the factor structure employing the main components’ analysis with promax rotation confirmed the factor structure of Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (VOCI). Overall, the Persian version of Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (VOCI) proved to possess adequate psychometric properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - Evaluation of psychometric and factor structural properties of Experiential Avoidance multidimensional questionnaire (short form)
Nasrin Esmaeilian Mohsen Dehghani Fatemeh Akbari Marjan HasanvandExperiential avoidance is the attempt to change the shape, frequency, and duration of events that are perceived as negative and retreat from situations that provoke such occurrences. Experiential avoidance is contributory in the development, persistence and exacerbation MoreExperiential avoidance is the attempt to change the shape, frequency, and duration of events that are perceived as negative and retreat from situations that provoke such occurrences. Experiential avoidance is contributory in the development, persistence and exacerbation of many of psychological disorders and problems in interpersonal relationships. The aim of this study is to investigate the validity and reliability of the short form of Experiential Avoidance multidimensional questionnaire among the Iranian university students. For this purpose, 335 students were selected through availability sampling method and evaluated by multidimensional questionnaires of Experiential Avoidance, Acceptance & Act, and the World Health Organization’s Quality of Life. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the questionnaire contains six factors including: cognitive avoidance, emotional avoidance, behavioral avoidance, mental confusion aversion, procrastination, and psychological pressure tolerance. Positive correlation between psychological pressure tolerance and physical health, mental health, and acceptance demonstrate the convergent validity of the questionnaire. The results, also, indicated desirable internal consistency of the questionnaire among the Iranian students; and that it can be used to predict mental health and identify individuals prone to various physical and psychological disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - Abstract Investigating the possibility of adjusting contractual obligations in Iran's jurisprudence and law with regard to public order
Saman Askari Sara Adibi Sedeh Behroz Majdzadeh KhandaniThe main purpose of concluding any contract is its implementation. After concluding the contract, the first issue that arises is; It is possible to implement it. Obligation, which is interpreted as a condition of damages, liquidated damages or contractual damages, and s MoreThe main purpose of concluding any contract is its implementation. After concluding the contract, the first issue that arises is; It is possible to implement it. Obligation, which is interpreted as a condition of damages, liquidated damages or contractual damages, and sometimes it is also called a penal condition, is an agreement by which the parties agree on the amount of damages that must be paid in case of non-performance of the contract or causing a loss. They determine in advance. In this research, which has been carried out using a descriptive and analytical method, it has been considered to examine the possibility of contractual obligations in Iranian law with regard to public order. The findings of the research show that the deposit in the contracts where the subject is cash, which is called the damage of late payment, is legally permissible, but the deposit in the contracts where the subject is the fulfillment of the obligation or the abandonment of the present, which there is no problem in its legitimacy. Adjustment is prohibited. Although the approach of different legal systems in dealing with the adjustment of the contractual obligation is different, but when the amount of contractual damages is unrealistic and unfair, it can be ruled invalid based on public order. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - Narrative-Rijāli Personality of Mohammad ibn Isa ibn Ubaid with Emphasis on His Herritage in »Kashī's Rijāl«
Kowsar Yousefi Najaf Abadi Hosein Sattar Rouhollah Shahidi Mohammad Hadi Yousefi GharaviThere are no traces left of the Shia chain of narrators (Rijāl) before the 4th century before, and other than the titles of the books, there is no report of their contents. The thought of early Rijāli scholars recount the Rijāli evaluations taken from and influenced by MoreThere are no traces left of the Shia chain of narrators (Rijāl) before the 4th century before, and other than the titles of the books, there is no report of their contents. The thought of early Rijāli scholars recount the Rijāli evaluations taken from and influenced by the Imams' opinions about the companions. Mohammad ibn Isa Ubaid is of influential textualist Rijālis whose al-Rijāl used to be a source for Mohammad ibn ʿUmar al-Kashī in authoring his Rijāl. This research is to come to an understanding of Ubaidi's Rijāli thought. Therefore, the criterion for reliance or weakness in the two general groups is complimentary or reproaching reactions of the Imam toward the narrator as well as the latter's characteristics, in each of which group there's a meaningful relationship with the type of the criteria. In disagreement points, it does not contain any weak Rijāli leaders (Mashāyīkh). It has preferred scientific relations to in-sectarian disagreements. Whatever is gathered here is an outcome of a geographical stretch of Iraqi school as well as the works of Fataḥīs, Ghulāt, Wāqifīs and weak and reliable narrators, also works unrelated with Rijāl such as Nawādir. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - Examining jurisprudential opinions on the criminal responsibility of individuals in cyberspace
seyyed aliakbar bozorgnia Ali Faqihi Akbar FallahJurisprudence is one of the most extensive Islamic sciences and knowledge that have a constructive role in the lives of Muslims. In religious traditions, it is emphasized on "jurisprudence" and the learning of halal and haram issues and its significant role in human lif MoreJurisprudence is one of the most extensive Islamic sciences and knowledge that have a constructive role in the lives of Muslims. In religious traditions, it is emphasized on "jurisprudence" and the learning of halal and haram issues and its significant role in human life, so that prosperity and evolution Humanity depends on it. Among other things, in some narrations, learning the "laws of halal and haram" is mentioned as a duty of every Muslim, which should be learned from his family. It has provided advanced technologies, but at the same time, it has also created favorable conditions for the emergence of cybercrimes, which are committed by both natural and legal persons. The method of this article is analytical-descriptive, and the author in this article is looking for the question that Islamic jurists based on fourth evidences, what are their views on cyber issues centered on legal entities? Is it possible to point out some examples of legal entity issues related to cyber space in jurisprudence or not? It seems that considering the existence of legal entities and criminal liability in cyber space, although these issues are not directly discussed in jurisprudential sources, it is possible to justify the legality of criminal liability of legal entities in cyberspace with jurisprudential evidence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - Seismic Reliability of Stone Arch Bridges Considering the Uncertainty of Material Properties Based on the Response Surface Method
ََAmirhossein Mehrbod Farhad Behnamfar Armin Aziminejad Hamid Hashemol-HosseiniMasonry arch bridges are built using masonry materials such as brick or stone with or without mortar. Their mechanical properties due to the variety of materials used, the quality of construction, and the effect of the passage of time can be inconstant and have signific MoreMasonry arch bridges are built using masonry materials such as brick or stone with or without mortar. Their mechanical properties due to the variety of materials used, the quality of construction, and the effect of the passage of time can be inconstant and have significant uncertainties. Therefore, to ensure the ability and performance of the structure against the loads, especially earthquakes, adopting more accurate modeling methods and considering these uncertainties is fundamental issue of structural engineering. For a stone arch bridge of Iran's railway network, the mechanical properties of the materials including the normal and shear stiffness coefficient of the stone block joint as well as the internal friction angle of the joints were considered as quantities with uncertainty and as random variables. According to the discrete environment of the bridge, incremental dynamic analysis has been performed under the influence of eleven selected earthquake records using the discrete element method. After analyzing more than 2,600 bridge samples with different material properties, based on the response surface method, the limit state functions of the bridge failure in terms of three random variables have been determined for all records. Using FORM and MSC reliability methods, the reliability index and probability of bridge failure were calculated. The results showed that for the selected earthquake records, the spectral acceleration of the bridge collapse threshold were reduced by 30% to 50% considering the uncertainties compared to the case where the uncertainty in the materials is not considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - Civil liability of abandoning the legal duties of executive directors from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence
mohammad javad maleka ashtiyani saed hsan abadean kalghran alireza asgariOne of the challenging issues in the field of public rights enforcement is compensation for the damages caused to the people through the omission of government officials. Islamic jurists do not have a clear opinion on this issue, but they have mentioned under the discus MoreOne of the challenging issues in the field of public rights enforcement is compensation for the damages caused to the people through the omission of government officials. Islamic jurists do not have a clear opinion on this issue, but they have mentioned under the discussion of "abandonment". Using the descriptive-analytical method, this article seeks to analyze the evidence and elements of civil liability and methods of compensation for damages caused by executive directors' omissions, based on the foundations of Islamic jurisprudence. Following the expressions of Islamic jurisprudence shows that the meaning of "abandonment" is a person's refusal to fulfill the duties and responsibilities assigned to him in a conventional way, which causes the breach of warranty. According to the opinion of famous jurists, abandoning the act according to the duty and obligation causes the civil responsibility of the abandoner. That is, Turki creates a responsibility whose act is possible and obligatory according to the existing contract, law or custom in that field and refraining from it is in the form of omission; Therefore, mere omission does not give rise to civil liability. In case of establishing the elements of civil responsibility due to the omission of the executive managers, the damage can be compensated through methods of compensation, especially objective compensation (financial and legal), equivalent compensation - cash and non-cash (replacement or similar) - from the government in case of collective error or Negligence or demand from the person himself assuming the inability or fault of the executive director. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - Standardization of Excitement Questionnaire in Farhangians of Ilam
falaknaz havas bigi Samane Mirhodaei Rahele MontazeriExcitement is a personal trait that causes people to show different emotional reactions in similar situations. The quantitative data collection part of the present study is a quantitative research that descriptive research methods of normative type will be used. In this MoreExcitement is a personal trait that causes people to show different emotional reactions in similar situations. The quantitative data collection part of the present study is a quantitative research that descriptive research methods of normative type will be used. In this study, the excitability scale for appropriate subsequent measurements in Iran; Was standardized. Therefore, this research is an applied research. The results showed that the overall average of excitement in teaching was higher in female teachers than male teachers. In the present study, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to calculate the reliability of the Excitement Questionnaire in the teaching of elementary teachers. The Cronbach's alpha range was between the boredom subscale (0.902) and the pride and pleasure subscale (0.537). Cronbach's alpha for general excitement is 0.875, which indicates the reliability of the questionnaire for teachers. Confirmatory factor analysis method was used to measure the excitement in the teaching of elementary teachers. For this purpose, to determine the suitability of the data for factor analysis, KMO coefficient and Bartlett test were used, which showed the suitability of the sample for research. The results showed that five factors with eigenvalues higher than 2 were extracted, which explained 55.365% of the total variance of the factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
404 - Choosing the best method of estimating reliability parameter for grain harvesting machines in Markazi province, Iran
Mohammad Reza Vafaee hamid Mashhadi Meighani mortaza Almasi saeed MinaeeThe main goal of this study was finding an appropriate pattern for estimating reliability of cereal harvester specially John Deer 955 combine in Farahan region. In this purpose, five steps including: selecting the statistical community, recording of data related to repa MoreThe main goal of this study was finding an appropriate pattern for estimating reliability of cereal harvester specially John Deer 955 combine in Farahan region. In this purpose, five steps including: selecting the statistical community, recording of data related to repairs and their abundance with the time of operation, choosing a suitable distribution function which fallow repairs, estimating the parameter of distribution function, and using estimated functions for determining of reliability were considered. In this case, five JD955 combine with 1800, 1000, 900, 800 and 445 worked hours were selected, randomly. Combines were divided to five main parts including: cutting and feeding unit, belts and chains, engine, hydraulic system and rest of combine mechanisms including: threshing system, separating system, cleaning system and transmition system. All of repairs were recorded based of time duration of work and systems. Repairs were divided into major and minor levels. Finally, time duration between impairments and their abundance types were recorded separately for each system. Based on data distribution and their variations, coefficient β>1, and general form of graph inferred from survival function, Weibull distribution function was selected as the best equation to make clear of impairments. The general form of Weibull function was selected with three parameters, but it changed to F(X)=1-EXP(-X^(β/α))form because first impairments could occurre in initial time of combine operation. In order to estimating of Weibull function parameters, maximum likelihood estimated (MLE) method was used. For anticipating the time between repairs, Mont carlo method was used. Results showed that reliability of studied combines was zero after 130 hours operation and time duration between repairs of combine was calculated by 42.8 hours. Manuscript profile
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