Analysis of the impact of hydrogen storage on power system reliability
Subject Areas :
1 - Department of Electrical Engineering, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
Keywords: Reliability, electrolyze system, hydrogen tank, fuel cell, energy storage system,
Abstract :
In today's power systems, renewable energy sources such as wind farms, solar power plants, wave energy, tidal energy, and others have experienced significant growth. The share of these energies in meeting the grid's required load is increasing day by day. On the other hand, the power generated by renewable power plants is constantly changing over time, making it impossible to predict their output with 100% certainty. The power generated by wind farms depends on wind speed, solar power plants on solar radiation intensity, tidal power plants on tidal height or current velocity, and wave power plants on wave height and period. Since these quantities vary over time, the power generated by these plants also fluctuates. Therefore, the power output of renewable power plants, unlike traditional power plants, is not controllable and changes over time. These fluctuations in the output power of these plants affect various aspects of modern power systems, including reliability. Nowadays, reliability studies in power systems have become crucial to prevent power outages. This is because for electricity consumers who demand a high level of social welfare, power outages, even for a short duration, are unacceptable. Based on this, this paper proposes the use of a storage system in the power grid, comprising a water electrolyzer, a hydrogen storage tank, and a fuel cell device. When the power generated by renewable energy sources is high and the grid load is low, the surplus power from renewable sources is used by the water electrolyzer to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen. The produced hydrogen is then stored in the hydrogen storage tank. When the grid load is high or the power generated by renewable energy sources is low, the hydrogen stored in the tank is fed into the fuel cell device to produce electrical power and compensate for the power deficit. In this paper, the impact of the electrolyzer-hydrogen storage tank-fuel cell system on power system reliability is investigated. To determine the reliability indices of the power system with the presence of hydrogen storage, the load duration curve is modified. To examine this impact, simulations are also performed in the MATLAB software environment. The simulation results demonstrate that hydrogen storage improves reliability indices.
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