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Open Access Article
1 - Social Spider Optimization Algorithm in Multimodal Medical Image Registration
Zahra Hossein-Nejad Mehdi NasriMedical image registration plays an important role in many clinical applications, including the detection and diagnosis of diseases, planning of therapy, guidance of interventions. Multimodal medical image registration is the process of overlapping two or more images ta MoreMedical image registration plays an important role in many clinical applications, including the detection and diagnosis of diseases, planning of therapy, guidance of interventions. Multimodal medical image registration is the process of overlapping two or more images taken from the same scene by different modalities and different sensors. Intensity-based methods are widely used in multimodal medical image registration, these techniques register different modality images that have the same content by optimal transformation. The estimation of the optimal transformation requires the optimization of a similarity metric between the images. Recently, various optimization algorithms have been presented that the selection of appropriate optimization algorithms is very important in determining the optimal transformation parameter. The Social Spider Optimization (SSO) algorithm is one of the meta-heuristic methods that prevents premature convergence. In this paper, medical image registration technique is suggested based on the SSO algorithm. The Mutual Information (MI), Normalization of Mutual Information (NMI), and Sum of Squared Differences (SSD) are used separately as cost function (objective function) and the performance of each of these functions is checked in multimodal medical image registration. The simulation results on Brain Web data set affirm Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Effect of rapid thermal annealing on structural and optical properties of ZnS thin films fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering technique
M. S. Bashar Rummana Matin Munira Sultana Ayesha Siddika M. Rahaman M. A. Gafur F. Ahmed -
Open Access Article
3 - Diagnosis of hyperlipidemia in patients based on an artificial neural network with pso algorithm
asma naeimi minoo soltanshahi amir rajabi -
Open Access Article
4 - Offline Auto-Tuning of a PID Controller Using Extended Classifier System (XCS) Algorithm
Ehsan Abbasi Nader Naghavi -
Open Access Article
5 - Quadrotor Control Using Fractional-Order PI^λ D^μ Control
Reham Mohammed -
Open Access Article
6 - Decentralized Fuzzy-PID Based Control Model for a Multivariable Liquid Level System
Olatunji Adigun -
Open Access Article
7 - A MATLAB / SIMULINK BASED FAULT ANALYSIS OF SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANT
Innocent Wofuru Ameze Big-Alabo -
Open Access Article
8 - Performance Evaluation of the Effect of Optimally Tuned IMC and PID Controllers on a Poultry Feed Dispensing System
Jibril Bala Olayemi Olaniyi Taliha Folorunso Tayo Arulogun -
Open Access Article
9 - A framework for learning policy in the field of health
Vajholah Ghorbanizadeh Sayyed Mohsen Allameh Hadi Khanmohammadi Hamid Reza Mohammadi SiahboomiBackground:The system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, like other systems of government, must have on its agenda for health issues, policies and strategies; applications that guarantee thehealth and optimal life for human beings. In late 2019, the world faced a pandemic MoreBackground:The system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, like other systems of government, must have on its agenda for health issues, policies and strategies; applications that guarantee thehealth and optimal life for human beings. In late 2019, the world faced a pandemic phenomenon called corona It affected all human, goal:organizational and eveninternational relations and challenged health policy makers and decision makers. To ensure the health of human society with planned policies. metofology:The present method is a multi-case study method which isa qualitative methodand the content analysis strategy and MaxQDA software have been used toanalyze the data. finding:The statistical population of the study includes 12 experts and policy makers. Healthat the Ministry of Health, which collected data using semi-structured interviews and purposeful samplingand snowballs. After collecting the data and reaching it. Theoretically, the analysis was performed. After studying the extracted data and information, 431 open source code / IDs, 152 basic themes, 39 organizing themes and 11 comprehensive themes were identified.Results: These themes and concepts were mainly obtained from interviews and upstream documents and were reviewed and corrected many times by the researcher and similar themes were placed in the same category and a conceptual framework was presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Checking the historical context of the main components that influence environmental security of tourists (Case study: Ardakan, Charkhab neighborhood)
Zeinab Mirhoseini Heydar JahanbakhshUpgrading environmental security o f historical context that are going to be abandoned , due to main components in addition to creating peace from being in a safe environment , also it cause to attract tourists . Success and sustainable growth of tourism depends o MoreUpgrading environmental security o f historical context that are going to be abandoned , due to main components in addition to creating peace from being in a safe environment , also it cause to attract tourists . Success and sustainable growth of tourism depends on well - functioning and coordinated numerous elements and factors which are interconnected . One of the most important of these factors is the safety of tourists and tourist destination . Accordingly , by recreating in accordance with maximum efficiency and increasing security , the environments abandoned provide people optimal activities background in these environments . Th e development of tourism industry in Iran as a way of diversification of revenue of the country should be considered more than ever by planners and policy makers , because Iran with the ancient civilizations of history and diverse cultural and historical attractions of the advantages of this industry is still in place and proportion is not used . Unfulfilled the security needs of the audience with historical context cities security , not only prevents from reaching to higher level needs such as self - actualization , aesthetic , knowing and understanding , but also reduce social interaction and ultimately they are followed by vacant and abandoned historic neighborhoods . In this study , the impact of the main components in increasing environmental security in two groups o f neighborhood residents and tourists o f Charkhab neighborhood is targeted . The used method in this study is causal-comparative and by means of questionnaires and observation to analyze the views of residents and tourists and by taking advantage of existing library resources and collecting information , Charkhab neighborhood is selected as the sample and it is periodic . Data analysis was performed by using SPSS software that student T test for independent groups o f the assumption of homogeneity of variances was used to check the effect o f THE main components of environmental security . Statistical population of the study , due to the uncertainty of tourists' population , is available sampling method considered , as 120 people were used ( 60 people per group ) . Finally , research indicates that between environment main components that include: Form and size of the space, environmental visual comfort , spatial organization and permeability , quality of buildings and land use perspective from two groups there is a difference and in terms o f tourists compared to Charkhab neighborhood residents is less secure. However , in prioritizing the main components in terms of both groups , visual comfort is in highest rank and permeability is in the bottom rank . S o , in the end by presenting the main strategies t o promote environmental security has been provided, So that the threat of spatial opportunities to reduce the security feeling cause increasing presence of more tourists in historic neighborhoods that have strong potential for tourism in Iran , and promote the dynamism and vitality in historic neighborhoods . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Environmental Review in Renovating Dilapidated Urban Areas to Increase Local Security (The Case of Nematabad, 19th Municipality of Tehran)
Hadise Asgari Tafreshi Bahman Adib Zade Mojtaba Rafiyan Seyed Ebrahim Hooseini Physical, economical, social Inattentiveness beside vanished sense of attachment have prepared way for social harms in dilapidated areas. Thus, one of the primary objectives in residential or commercial architecture is preservation of “peace and safety&rdqu More Physical, economical, social Inattentiveness beside vanished sense of attachment have prepared way for social harms in dilapidated areas. Thus, one of the primary objectives in residential or commercial architecture is preservation of “peace and safety” which can solely be achieved through the expansion of physical “security”. Researches have shown that the proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in both the opportunity for crime and fear of crime. Through their involvement in design can influence the creation of safer neighborhoods and communities. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) approach may pave the way for alleviation and prevention of urban crimes, including dilapidated ones, by using general elements such as mixed land use, provision of predictable routes, proper urban lighting, creation of defensible spaces, etc... . CPTED is part of a comprehensive approach to crime prevention. By emphasizing modifications to the physical environment, it complements community-based policing, Block Watch, and social programs that address some of the root causes of criminal behavior. There are four primary obstacles to the adoption of CPTED. First is a lack of knowledge of CPTED by environmental designers, land managers, and individual community members. For this reason, allocating substantial resources to community educational programs are often required. The second major obstacle is resistance to change. Many specifically resist the type of cooperative planning that is required to use CPTED. Beyond that, skeptics reject the research and historic precedents that support the validity of CPTED concepts. The third obstacle is the perception that CPTED claims to be a panacea for crime that will be used to displace other more traditional approaches rather than a small complementary tool in deterring offender behavior. The fourth obstacle is that many existing built areas were not designed with CPTED in mind, and modification would be expensive, politically difficult, or require significant changes in some areas of the existing built environment. CPTED works best when fully supported by the community. Other key partners include: neighborhood residents: who can make their communities safer through participation in the development and implementation of CPTED-based strategies for crime prevention new home buyers: who can ask for a home built to CPTED principles apartment building managers: who can organize the safety of tenants elected officials: who can encourage the integration of CPTED principles into official plans, zoning by-laws and development permits police officers: who can conduct CPTED assessments in existing neighborhoods and review applications for new developments insurance companies: who can offer discounts for safe designs Nematabad as a dilapidated urban area with vast abandoned lands has crucial problems in terms of crime rate and its spread throughout public areas. Therefore, the present paper with collection of existing data for given area and certain questioners filled out by residents that processed via GIS and SPSS as comprehensible graphic maps, tries to explore complex areas and categorizes their specifications, in addition to introducing their generative factors and the environmental design approach to regularize these areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Effects of synbiotic consumption on lipid profile in diabetic patients
Jafar Aldaghi Ariyo Movahedi -
Open Access Article
13 - The association between dietary inflammatory pattern and body weight, lipid profile in Iranian diabetic adults
Maryam Mohamadi Narab Fereydoun Siassi Fariba Koohdani -
Open Access Article
14 - Effect of selenium supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: A review on current evidence
Raheleh Kamalzadeh Yazdi Ghazaleh Shakeri Motahareh Hatami Marbini Behnood Abbasi -
Open Access Article
15 - Numerical solution of the SIR epidemic model using the non-standard finite difference method
Abdulrahman Yaghoubi Hashem Saberi NajafiIn this paper, a special case of the finite difference method which is called non-standard finite difference method is studied for the numerical solution of a mathematical model of epidemic diseases. The constructed non-standard finite difference schemes have the main p MoreIn this paper, a special case of the finite difference method which is called non-standard finite difference method is studied for the numerical solution of a mathematical model of epidemic diseases. The constructed non-standard finite difference schemes have the main properties of the continuous model such as positivity, boundedness, and stability. The stability of the equilibrium points of the system is investigated. The proposed non-standard finite difference schemes are convergent to the equilibrium points of the system. In solving nonlinear problems, one of the important advantages of this method is that nonlinear term discretized with nonlocal approximations. In most cases, non-standard finite difference schemes are stable even when large step sizes are considered. Therefore, using non-standard method will be cost-effective in dynamical systems that are studied over a large time interval. Numerical examples confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the non-standard finite difference method.Keywords: Non-Standard Finite Difference Method, SIR Model, Equilibrium Points. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Sociological Perspective of Examination Malpractices in Nigerian Universities
Omoyibo Kingsley Ufuoma -
Open Access Article
17 - Epidemiological Study of Patients with Congenital Cleft Palate in 31 Provinces Covered by the Charity Foundation for Supporting Children with Congenital Malformation (MOHKAM): A Registry-Based Study
Salahadin Delshad Abazar Hajavi Farkhondeh Asadi Seyed Mohsen Laal Mousavi maryam alidadiIntroduction: Oral clefts are common congenital malformations and their incidence varies among racial or ethnic groups. Despite the importance of congenital abnormalities, accurate statistical information about this disease is not available, so by using registry systems MoreIntroduction: Oral clefts are common congenital malformations and their incidence varies among racial or ethnic groups. Despite the importance of congenital abnormalities, accurate statistical information about this disease is not available, so by using registry systems, enough information can be provided to decision makers to control this disease.Methods: The current study is a cross-sectional descriptive study of registry system data; that the data of 1461 patients with cleft palate have been analyzed in a period of 15 years. The collected data includes various variables along with geographical distribution.Findings: The findings of the present study indicate that the gender ratio of boys to girls is 1.3 to 1. In 4.79% of the mothers of babies with cleft palate, there was a history of underlying disease, of which hypothyroidism was the highest with 0.9%. In 54% of cases, parents were related. 58.31% of babies with cleft palate had other abnormalities in addition to this problem.Conclusion: The incidence rate of cleft palate is different in different parts of the world and in our country this variation may be affected by social and racial factors in different regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Constructing social issues in risky conditions: analysis of the comments under the posts related to the corona of rulers on Instagram
Abbasali shekardoost Hamed sajadi MohammadBagher Akhondi As one of the most influential events of the current century, the spread of the Corona epidemic, inaddition to the health field, involved all aspects of contemporary human life. In fact, this epidemic put the societyin a risky situation that was unprecedented. The More As one of the most influential events of the current century, the spread of the Corona epidemic, inaddition to the health field, involved all aspects of contemporary human life. In fact, this epidemic put the societyin a risky situation that was unprecedented. The purpose of this research is to understand the construction ofsocial issues related to the Corona epidemic under the posts of social pages of Iranian rulers on Instagram.Based on this, the present research analyzed the opinions of users under the content related to the corona of therulers using a qualitative method with the traditional content analysis approach. The sample of the research wasselected in a targeted manner to the number of eight Iranian rulers who were most related to the Corona crisis,and the data analysis continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The findings of the research showedthat social issues related to Corona can be classified under the sub-categories of confusion in finding the cause,indeterminacy of the risk, spreading the limitlessness of the risk from illness to life, doubting the authority of theinstitution of power and governance, doubting the authority of the institution of religion, doubting the authorityThe health and treatment institute and classified two main themes "infinity of risk and confusion caused by it"and "doubt in institutional authority and legitimacy" which shows the centrality of the components related torisky society in the construction of social issues by the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Effects of magnesium sulfate on atherogenic indices in cholestatic male rats using Bile duct ligation method
Eshraghi, T., Eidi, A., Mortazavi, P., Asghari, A., Tavangar, S.M. .Cholestasis is defined as a decrease in bile flow due to impaired secretion by hepatocytes or to obstruction of bile flow through intra or extrahepatic bile ducts that leads to retention of bile acids, bilirubin and cholesterol. Magnesium, the second most abundant intra MoreCholestasis is defined as a decrease in bile flow due to impaired secretion by hepatocytes or to obstruction of bile flow through intra or extrahepatic bile ducts that leads to retention of bile acids, bilirubin and cholesterol. Magnesium, the second most abundant intracellular cation, plays an essential physiological role in many functions of the body. The aim of this study was evaluating the effects of magnesium sulfate on atherogenic indices in cholestatic male Wistar rats. In this experimental study, 81 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 9 groups. Bile duct ligation was done by standard method. MgSo4 (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 g/kg bw) was administered intragastrically, once a day, for 28 consecutive days. Serum samples were collected and serum lipid profile was measured using standard methods. Then atherogenic indices were calculated. Cholestasis led to a significant increase in atherogenic indices and treatment of cholestatic rats with magnesium sulfate significantly reduced atherogenic indices.Magnesium sulfate may improve serum lipid profile and reduce atherogenic indices in cholestatic rats by reducing oxidative stress and increasing the activity of enzymes involved in the metabolism of lipoproteins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Histopathological comparison of the effect of Salvia sharifi and Salvia virgata extracts on hyperlipidemia in adult male rat
Shahraki Mojahed, L., Davari, S.A.*, Hajinezhad, M.R. .This study was aimed to compare the effects of Salvia Sharifi and Salvia Virgata on serum lipids and histopathology of liver in hyperlipidemic rats. Forty male adult Wistar rats were distributed into four groups as follow: (1) control, (2) hyperlipidemic rats, (3) hyper MoreThis study was aimed to compare the effects of Salvia Sharifi and Salvia Virgata on serum lipids and histopathology of liver in hyperlipidemic rats. Forty male adult Wistar rats were distributed into four groups as follow: (1) control, (2) hyperlipidemic rats, (3) hyperlipidemic rats received hydroalcoholic extract of S. Virgata (200 mg/kg bw) and (4) hyperlipidemic rats received hydroalcoholic extract of S. Sharifi (200 mg/kg bw). A high-fat diet was administered to rats for one month.Then, two rats were selected from each diet group and hyperlipidemia was confirmed by measurement of serum triglyceride and serum cholesterol levels. Groups 3&4 were orally treated by S. Virgata and S. Sharifi respectively for 21 days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were obtained by heart puncture and used to determine serum triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels and liver specimens were obtained for histopathological investigations. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. The results showed that S. Sharifi extract significantly reduced serum triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL levels and increased serum HDL compared to untreated hyperlipidemic rats. Treatment with S. Virgata reduced serum triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL levels but serum HDL of rats in this group had no significant effect in comparison to hyperlipidemic group. In addition, S. Sharifi extract decreased hepatic lesions in comparison to hyperlipidemic rats received S. virgata. These results showed the protective effect of S. Sharifi and S. Virgata extracts on hyperlipidemia-induced liver injury and this protection was more pronounced in the group received S. Sharifi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Effects of thymol on atheroma plaque, concentration of blood lipids and atherogenic indices serum in male NMRI mice fed with a high-cholesterol diet
Karkhaneh, L., Yaghmaei, P.*, Ebrahim-Habibi, A., Parivar, K., Sadeghizadeh, M. .Atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of fat and inflammatory response in the artery intima and can cause narrowing or complete blockage of the artery. Thymol is a phenolic monoterpene with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this stu MoreAtherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of fat and inflammatory response in the artery intima and can cause narrowing or complete blockage of the artery. Thymol is a phenolic monoterpene with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of thymol on blood lipids, atherogenic indices and atheroma plaque of NMRI mice fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD). 45 NMRI male mice were divided into 5 groups (n=9): Animals of the control group received a normal diet. Whiles in the HCD group received a diet containing 2% cholesterol for 18 weeks. Animals of the sham group received HCD for 12 weeks and then normal diet for 6 weeks with a thymol solvent (oil). The experimental groups 1 and 2 received HCD for 12 weeks and then received a normal diet with thymol at doses of 12 mg/kg and 24 mg/kg for 6 weeks, respectively. At the end of study, concentration of serum lipids and atherogenic indices were measured. Also aorta was measured microscopically. In the present study, consumption of HCD resulted in the formation of atheroma plaque, increased serum triglycerides, total cholesterol concentration, atherogenic indices and significantly decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Treatment with both doses of thymol significantly reduced these changes and improves blood lipids, atherogenic indices was normal and atheroma plaques. The results of this study suggest that thymol can be used for treatment of increased total cholesterol and triglycerides and to improve the atheroma plaque. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Molecular epidemiology of isolated Mycoplasma bovis strains from clinical mastitis infections in Cattle
Imandar, M., Pourbakhsh, S.A.*, Jamshidian, M., ZahraeiSalehi, T. .Mycoplasma bovis is one of the main pathogenic species and the most common cause of pneumonia, mastitis and arthritis in cattle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological factors (age, level of production,herd size, type of discharge, drop in p MoreMycoplasma bovis is one of the main pathogenic species and the most common cause of pneumonia, mastitis and arthritis in cattle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological factors (age, level of production,herd size, type of discharge, drop in production and a history of clinical mastitis) in isolated Mycoplasma bovis strains from clinical mastitis infection in cattle. Samples from 328 cows with clinical mastitis were taken by purposive samplingmethod, and were sent with ice and up to 24 hours to Mycoplasma reference laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Institute of Karaj. Isolation and identification by culture and PCR methods was done, Mycoplasma bovis was isolated and 31 isolates were confirmed by nucleotide sequencing method. One of the isolates had 100 percent genetic relationship with reference strain of Mycoplasma bovis PG45 ATCC25523. Also, one of the isolates was different in nucleotide sequence with other isolates and the rest had 99.7% homology. Most positive cases were present in the age group 4-6 years and 800 cattle herd size and in this sense there was a statistically significant difference between samples (P<0.05). In terms of production and consequent drop in production mastitis infection, there was no significant difference between positive samples (P>0.05). The results showed that the mammary secretions could not be definitivediagnosis of this type of mastitis. Also, more positive samples had one of mastitis in their history. The results showed the presence of Mycoplasma bovis in milk samples is significant in clinical mastitis of cows in Iran and principles of biosecurity and quarantine should be at the top of Mycoplasma bovis infection control programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Molecular identification of subtilisin genes (SUB3 and SUB6) in Epidermophyton floccosum
, E. Khedmati , SJ. Hashemi Hazaveh , M. Bayat , K. AminiEpidermophyton floccosum is one of the worldwide anthropophilic dermatophytes that invade keratinized structures such as hair, skin, and nail, causing dermatophytosis by secreting important proteases such as subtilisin. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of SUB3 MoreEpidermophyton floccosum is one of the worldwide anthropophilic dermatophytes that invade keratinized structures such as hair, skin, and nail, causing dermatophytosis by secreting important proteases such as subtilisin. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of SUB3 and SUB6 encoding serine proteases in the isolate, which received from the fungi culture collection of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health. Special primers designed according to the highly conserved regions of similar genes in other dermatophytes. Genomic DNA and designed primers used in PCR, then PCR products sequenced with ABI PRISM®3730XL automated Sanger sequencer, and presence of 2 new subtilisin genes (SUB3 and SUB6) were confirmed and recorded in NCBI(with the accession numbers MN206114, MN177931 respectively). The coding sequence of SUB3 found to contain 861 nucleotides, which encodes a polypeptide with 287 amino acids. The coding sequence of SUB6 found to contain 699 nucleotides that encode a polypeptide with 233amino acids. Comparing the sequences with Gene Bank database information, revealed significant homology with other dermatophytes. Achieving a better understanding of the molecular characteristics of virulence genes may help develop effective therapies and prevention strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Chemical Evaluation of Oil Extracted from Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.)
Y. Imani Motlagh M. GharachorlooIntroduction: Oils and fats play important roles in human nutrition. Due to its special and important compounds, chia oil might be employed in food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the chemical properties of the oil extracted MoreIntroduction: Oils and fats play important roles in human nutrition. Due to its special and important compounds, chia oil might be employed in food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the chemical properties of the oil extracted from chia seed. Materials and Methods: Three different varieties of chia seeds were obtained from local market and subjected to cold solvent extraction. The extracted oils were subjected to a series of chemical tests consisting of the determination of fatty acids composition, iodine and saponification values, identification and quantification of fractions present in the nonsaponifiable matter and measurement of phosphorus and phospholipid concentration. Results: The results indicated that the seeds contained approximately 31-34% oil. Linolenic acid was the predominant fatty acid present (66%) followed by linoleic, palmitic, oleic and stearic acids in respective decreasing order. Beta-sitosterol and gama-tochopherol were the predominant sterol and tochopherol present. Conclusion: Chia seed has become increasingly important for human health and nutrition because of its high content of -linolenic acid. Although the oil might be susceptible to oxidative rancidity due to high content to linolenic acid, however it might be employed in food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The Antioxidant Activity of Black Tea Extract and its Synergism with Soyabean Oil Phospholipids
E. Daryayee Sh. ShahriariIntroduction: Oils and Fats are important components in human daily nutrition and have been consumed by man daily to a considerable quantity. The oxidative stability of oils and fats are affected by various factors namely oxygen, light, heat and prooxidant metals. The a MoreIntroduction: Oils and Fats are important components in human daily nutrition and have been consumed by man daily to a considerable quantity. The oxidative stability of oils and fats are affected by various factors namely oxygen, light, heat and prooxidant metals. The aim of the present investigation is concerned with the antioxidant activity of black tea extract and its synergistic activity with phosphatidy cholene (lecithin) on tail and tallow. Materials and Methods: Black tea extract and lecithin were obtained and prepared. The antioxidant activity consisting of total phenolic content and radical scavenging effect were performed using tail-end tallow as the substrate. The stability was compared with the addition of BHT, the synthetic antioxidant at different concentrations. Commercial phospholipid (lecithin) was also employed to investigate the synergism between the phospholipids and the phenolic compounds present in black tea extract. Results: The results indicated that black tea extract at the concentration of 900 ppm and lecithin at the concentration of 500 ppm improved the peroxide value and induction period of tail-end tallow. Conclusion: The addition of black tea extract and lecithin in combination improves the stability of oils and fats and might be employed and substituted for synthetic antioxidants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Effect of Using Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose With Extract of Royal Oil (Lepidium sativum) in Reducing Oil Absorption and Quality of Fried Common Carp Fish Fillet (Cyprinus carpio(
Z. Latifi z. Ghafuri Sh. Manochehri S. Khaki Arani M. Daneshniya L. Roozbeh Nasiraie S. JafarianIntroduction: In recent years due to the health consumers are attracted to meat products with decreased levels of fat, cholesterol and energy value. Therefore, in the present study, the feasibility of producing superfine fried fish using hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose MoreIntroduction: In recent years due to the health consumers are attracted to meat products with decreased levels of fat, cholesterol and energy value. Therefore, in the present study, the feasibility of producing superfine fried fish using hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose coated and Lepidium sativum extract was studied. Materials and Methods: Control samples (without coated), treatment 2: hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, treatment 3: Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose with Lepidium sativum extract of 500 ppm, treatment 4: hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose with Lepidium sativum extract of 1000 ppm and treatment 5: hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose with Lepidium sativum extract of 2000 ppm were prepared and the oil absorption, moisture content, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid and Sensory analysis of fried fish produced were evaluated. Results: The results of physicochemical test showed that hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose with Lepidium sativum extract increased the moisture content and reduced the absorption of oil compared to the control treatment, and was more effective to delay lipid oxidation in fried fish fillet by decreasing peroxide and thiobarbituric values. The best results in relation to these parameters were observed in treatment 5 and then in treatment 4. Sensory score of treatment 4 was higher than the sensory rating of treatment 5. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and 1000 ppm concentration of Royal extract can enhance the nutritional value of fish fillet by reducing the oil absorbtion and intreasing the moisture content of fried fish. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Effect of Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare) on Appetite Hormone; Ghrelin and Adiponectin
S. M. Amiri M. Rahmani M. Barati L. Kooshesh F. Golab M. Movahedi M. Yadegari -
Open Access Article
28 - Phytochemical and antioxidant screening of Lepidium latifolium L. extract: Function in fish product preservation
Nastaran Samadian M. NouriThe aim of present study is to investigate physicochemical attribute, antioxidant function, antimicrobial activity and sensory feature in Lepidium latifolium L. (L. latifolium) extract on fish burgers during the shelf life. Initially, L. latifolium was extracted using s MoreThe aim of present study is to investigate physicochemical attribute, antioxidant function, antimicrobial activity and sensory feature in Lepidium latifolium L. (L. latifolium) extract on fish burgers during the shelf life. Initially, L. latifolium was extracted using soxhlet (LES), ultrasound (LEU) and supercritical water (LEW) as well as the major components were assessed using more performance liquid chromatography, which sinigrin and glucosinolates constituents were identified. The results illustrated that satisfactory values were obtained for these values in the treated sample by LEU; in next step, 0.2 % of each extract was added to fish burgers. The control and treated samples were tested to determine pH level, cooking yield, color features, thiobarbituric acid (TBAR), peroxide value (PV), microbial population, sensory evaluation and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The lowest TBAR and PV levels were found to be 0.38 and 0.40 (mg malonaldehyde) as well as 4.22 and 4.28 (meqO2/kg) for treated fish burgers by LEU and LEW, respectively (p < 0.05). The most sensory desirability was observed for treated sample by LEU, which also exhibited the uniform structure in SEM images compared to others. In conclusion, fish burgers obtained by LEU and LEW can be considered as optimal samples to preserve burgers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Investigating the environmental consequences of tourism development by the Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix method (Case study: Costal area of Chaf-Chamkhaleh, Guilan)
Somae Golchin Bahman RamezaniBackground and Objective: The topic of tourism as a new phenomenon and a source for development can be investigated from different aspects of political, economic, social, cultural and environmental policies. It is one of the main sources of income for countries at prese MoreBackground and Objective: The topic of tourism as a new phenomenon and a source for development can be investigated from different aspects of political, economic, social, cultural and environmental policies. It is one of the main sources of income for countries at present. Unfortunately, due to improper planning as well as weak infrastructure and management of tourism, development of tourism has led to large negative environmental impacts. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impacts caused by the residences and tourist accommodations in the coastal area of Chaf-Chamkhale using the Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix method (RIAM) in operation phase of physical-chemical, ecological-biological, social-cultural and economic- operational environments. Method: Rapid impact assessment matrix method (RIAM) is one of the methods used for assessing the environmental impacts. Using this method, the standard data of important criteria have been assessed in this study. Findings: The results show that tourism development has positive effects on economic-operational and social-cultural environments. The minimum negative effects were seen on health and traffic and the maximum effects were noticed on physical environment. Discussion and Conclusion: Although tourism development in the study area has seemingly increased economical income and employment, it has posed a much larger destruction and negative views such as degradation of physical environments, land use change and environmental conservation as a result of employing the existing methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Estimating the amount of fuel consumption and air pollution caused by the traffic of buses rapid transit using agent-based modeling
rahman noormohammadi seyed mohammadali khatami firoozabadi akbar alamtabriz Reza Ehtesham Rasi amir daneshvarBackground and Objective: The increased traffic has been followed by many problems in metropolitans, the key of which is air pollution and excessive fuel consumption. Paying attention to public transportation, particularly the bus rapid transit (BRT) system is one of th MoreBackground and Objective: The increased traffic has been followed by many problems in metropolitans, the key of which is air pollution and excessive fuel consumption. Paying attention to public transportation, particularly the bus rapid transit (BRT) system is one of the measures that may be taken, since besides reducing social expenses, it may be very effective in declining air pollution. The main objective of the present research is to study the fuel consumption rate and the emissions rate of various air pollutants including CO2, CH4, and N2O gases in various scenarios of BRT system. Material and Methodology: Since traffic and congestion phenomena are complex and dynamic, it is very difficult and sometimes impossible to model them with common mathematical models. To this end, agent-based technologies, highly compatible with these characteristics, can be utilized. In the current research, BRT system’s performance, the fuel consumption rate, and the amount of air pollutants production are estimated using agent-based modeling. This study emphasizes what changes should be made in effective parameters such as bus speed and bus stop time at stations, as well as bus dispatch timing in order to control fuel consumption and reduce pollution factors. This research uses NetLogo software to code the model and run its simulation and considers three different scenarios in line one of BRT system in Tehran (Iran). Findings: following the analysis and comparison of different scenarios, suggestions are made to decline fuel consumption and air pollutants, such as minor changes in the parameters of bus stop times at stations as well as changes in the dispatch time of buses from the terminal in order to reduce fuel consumption and air pollution rates. The results indicate that one of the improved situations was related to the situation of increasing the bus dispatch time parameter and in the bridge scenario, CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions are 1458.6, 1.122, and 11.781, respectively, in one hour of peak passenger time. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, achieving the goal of reducing fuel consumption and air pollution rates is more suitable in the bridge scenario compared to the other two scenarios. Furthermore, if possible, it is suggested to build bridges at intersections with high traffic, or put the smart traffic light system on the agenda. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Investigating the effects of height, effective size and uniformity coefficient of rapid sand filters on removal of turbidity and coliform bacteria in water treatment plants of Tehran
Mohammad Bozorgmehr Ali Torabian Amir Hesam Hasani Malihe Alinagi Noushin Osouleddini Mohammad AbdollahzadehBackground and objective: Drinking water supply with proper quality is one of the main goals of water treatment plants. Filtration is a process which has the largest share of quality making in water treatment plants and about 20% of the cost is allocated to this process MoreBackground and objective: Drinking water supply with proper quality is one of the main goals of water treatment plants. Filtration is a process which has the largest share of quality making in water treatment plants and about 20% of the cost is allocated to this process. The main indicator used for filters efficiency is water turbidity at outlet. Methods: In this research, the effect of various heights (20-50-70-90 cm), effective sizes (0.75-1) and uniform coefficients (1-1.5) sand filter’s packing on turbidity removal and coliforms has been studied for four months from May 2010. Sampling was performed according to standard procedures and the samples were analyzed immediately in Tehran Islamic Azad University of Science Research laboratories and water treatment plant laboratory. Finding: Results of coarse packing filter show the maximum efficiency of turbidity reduction was 83.58% for turbidity of 5 NTU and packing height of 90cm. The minimum turbidity reduction was 29.25% for turbidity of 10 NTU and packing height of 20cm. The maximum coliform reduction was about 87.92% for turbidity of 2 NTU and packing height of 90cm and the minimum coliform reduction was about 38% for turbidity of 10 NTU and packing height of 20cm. The effective height which causes maximum turbidity and coliform reduction is 90cm. The longest operation time in the context of a coarse bed was 35 hours in turbidity of 2 NTU and the shortest operation time in the context of a coarse strainer was 23 hours in turbidity of 10 NTU. Conclusion: Results of fine packing filter show the maximumefficiency of turbidity reduction which was 93% for turbidity of 2 NTU and packing height of 90cm. The minimum turbidity reduction was 54.9% for turbidity of 7 NTU and packing height of 50cm. The maximum coliform reduction was about 91.92% for turbidity of 2 NTU and packing height of 90cm and the minimum coliform reduction was about 45% for turbidity of 10 NTU and packing height of 20cm. The effective height which causes maximum turbidity and coliform reduction is 90cm. According to the results, efficiency of the fine bed and coarse bed filter directly depends on outlet turbidity and operation of previous unit (sedimentation). The maximum and minimum operation times in fine bed were about 28 hours (NTU=2) and 14 hours (NTU=10) respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Impact Assessment of Candidate Landfill Sites for Zanjan City Using Improved RIAM Method
Ghazal Monzavi Abdolrassoul Salmanmahiny Habibollah YunesiBackground and Objectives: In Zanjan city, no research has been conducted for selection of asuitable site for sanitary disposal of solid waste. At the moment, a traditional landfill site is used forsolid wastes disposal in the vicinity of the city. The site has high pot MoreBackground and Objectives: In Zanjan city, no research has been conducted for selection of asuitable site for sanitary disposal of solid waste. At the moment, a traditional landfill site is used forsolid wastes disposal in the vicinity of the city. The site has high potential to pollute the environmentdue to the open air practice of waste disposal. Hence, it is urgent to select a site for this purpose fromamongst the proposed ones.Unsuitable landfill sites may have many negative impacts. Using environmental impact assessmentcan highly help mitigate the negative effects and arrive at a sound environmental management plan.RIAM is an approach that guarantees a sound and at the same time fast and clear evaluation of themain environmental impacts of development projects. This approach has many advantages and somedisadvantages, and of the latter the subjectivity has been targeted in this research.We used the RIAM that was upgraded with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to lower thesubjectivity implicit in the scoring of the impacts and introduce more objectivity to the process.Method of study: We used suggested landfill sites in Zanjan City and assessed their environmentalimpacts through integration of AHP and RIAM methods. Comparing the effects of each of theselandfills on the environment helped us in selecting the least impacting one.Results: In the process, we integrated the RIAM with the AHP and found the present landfill site stillholds some edge over other suggested sites. The possibility of improving the original RIAM methodwith the AHP was also shown to be applicable and promising.Discussion and conclusion: This study shows that RIAM method can be upgraded throughintegration with the AHP method. The integration transformed challenging ideas on the scoring of theimpacts and provided an opportunity for inclusion of expert opinion and greatly enhancedachievement of a unified impact score. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Study of land use and urban development effects on rapid mass transportation system
Mohsen Aghdas Vatankhah Fereydoun GharibA rapid mass transportation system refers to a complex of transportation means in special corridors, which takes travelers from a specified point to a certain destination in the least amount of time and with sufficient safety. Such a system often uses high technologies MoreA rapid mass transportation system refers to a complex of transportation means in special corridors, which takes travelers from a specified point to a certain destination in the least amount of time and with sufficient safety. Such a system often uses high technologies and usually rails. The role of such systems and their effect on urban planning and residential areas development are important because often they do not have the limitations of other modes of transportation; therefore, they minimize the time of travelling from the city’s main administrative and trade centers to major residential areas. And this factor has mutual effects on travel demands on the one hand and urban development on the other hand. This article is part of a more comprehensive study and only investigates the effects of various land uses and urban design role in decreasing or increasing transportation demands and the three important factors affecting such demands. Theses factors are spatial organization, density zoning, and urban design and its effects on transportation demands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Contagious topological dynamics in the Iranian stock market
samad sedaghati Ruhollah Farhadi Mir Feyz FallashamsContagion in financial markets takes place both because of fundamental or non-fundamental reasons like herd behaviors that can increase market risk levels and even end in inefficient allocation of financial resources. Thus, understanding the contagion and its dynamics w MoreContagion in financial markets takes place both because of fundamental or non-fundamental reasons like herd behaviors that can increase market risk levels and even end in inefficient allocation of financial resources. Thus, understanding the contagion and its dynamics will be critical for the participants of financial market. Hence, using network-based epidemic modeling, the study examined the dynamics of contagion in the Iranian stock market from 2011 to 2019 and short-term and long-term scales. To this end, first the correlation network of 46 Iranian stock market groups was developed and then analyzed using short-term and long-term contagion dynamics simulations. The results showed that the extent and speed of contagion is much higher in the short-term than in long-term and in long-term a significant number of groups can be immune to the contagion. However, in long-term the rate of return to pre-contagion status is shorter than in short-term Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Symbol spider and bees in the Qur'an and Masnavi
Mehdi Momtahen Fatemeh GhorbaniMaulana animals and their tales to tell And teach the doctrine of moral, philosophical and mystical art of the poem, Analogy, password and wish to create beautiful images and words in a beautiful park exhibits, and the Kenai, proverbs and folk beliefs about each animal MoreMaulana animals and their tales to tell And teach the doctrine of moral, philosophical and mystical art of the poem, Analogy, password and wish to create beautiful images and words in a beautiful park exhibits, and the Kenai, proverbs and folk beliefs about each animal uses to express this doctrine. Accordingly, the present paper a comparative study of two pet spiders and bees have studied the Quran and the Masnavi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The Reverberation of Eastern Mysticism and the Reverberation of Western Surrealism in the Poetry of Sohrab Sepehri
Mehrdad Aghaei Fazel Abbaszadeh Susan GhayebzadehModern poetry is considered as a remarkable source for the imaginary and hyperreality world or what is called surrealism. Surrealism, with all its doubts and confusions, has influenced literature in such a way that it has turned the East like the West like a devastating MoreModern poetry is considered as a remarkable source for the imaginary and hyperreality world or what is called surrealism. Surrealism, with all its doubts and confusions, has influenced literature in such a way that it has turned the East like the West like a devastating flood and influenced whole world. Sohrab Sepehri, an Iranian poet, painter, and naturalist, during his travels to the East and the West, as well as his acquaintance with Eastern mysticism and the schools of Western literature caused surrealistic inspirations appear in his poetry. This article while introducing the school of surrealism examines its features in Sepehri's poem "Sedaye Paye Ab". According to the evidence in this famous poem, it was concluded that Sepehri in his poetic style in " Sedaye Paye Ab" has influenced many surrealist principles and foundations and entered the realm of hyperrealities that even Westerners themselves have not acquired it. The purpose of this research is to draw the real world with hyperreality language and to reach the supreme truth through mental and spiritual affairs, using the school of surrealism in this work of the mentioned poet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Evaluation of serum IgM anti-phosphatidyl choline antibody level in Boo Ali hospital referred Tuberculosis patients in Zahedan
Abbasali Niazi Fateme Kourkinejad Gharaei Nezarali Moulaei Setare Azizi Zahra Kourkinejad GharaeiBackground and purpose: Tuberculosis is diseases which has been threatening man’s health. It is estimated that every 4 seconds one person is infected and every 10 seconds one person dies by TB worldwide. The objective of this study is comparing the level of Anti p MoreBackground and purpose: Tuberculosis is diseases which has been threatening man’s health. It is estimated that every 4 seconds one person is infected and every 10 seconds one person dies by TB worldwide. The objective of this study is comparing the level of Anti phosphatidyl choline in blood before and during the treatment of an infected person in order to monitor the treatment. Materials and methods: In this study, the infected people who were transferred to Zahedan’s Bou’ali hospital in 1391 and 1392 and whose diseases were confirmed were taken under observation before and after the treatment. existence or lack of cavity was determined and blood was taken from the patients in order to measure the IgM of Anti phosphatidyl choline. After 2 months, the steps mentioned above were repeated and changes was specified, allays machine and the kit bought from Generic Assey company, were used for measuring the level of IgM in Anti phosphatidyl choline and the achieved data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The number of patients was 76. All the patients were esmir positive at the beginning of the test. After the treatment the esmir in 71 patients (93.42%) was negative (P< 0.0001). 67.1% of them had lung cavity. Conclusion:Considering the result of this study, using the IgM of Anti phosphatidyl choline can be taken advantage for following the response to the patients’ treatment, even for the patients with cavity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - A real-time dosimetry study in radiation therapy using an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) to evaluate treatment quality assurance
Saeed Davoodi Hasan Tashakori Elham Saeedzadeh Ahmad ShakeriPurpose: Quality assurance and quality control are integral elements in radiation therapy for cancer patients, the purpose of which is to ensure the high quality of radiation therapy for patients so that the treatment results are optimal. In this regard, the aim of the MorePurpose: Quality assurance and quality control are integral elements in radiation therapy for cancer patients, the purpose of which is to ensure the high quality of radiation therapy for patients so that the treatment results are optimal. In this regard, the aim of the current research is real-time dosimetry with an electronic portal imaging device to obtain the midplane dose.Materials and Methods: Intracorporeal dosimetry is one of the quality control methods and the most direct method for monitoring the dose delivered to the patient during radiation therapy, which is the biggest challenge in radiation therapy. Intracorporeal dosimetry is usually performed in the initial stages or during treatment; that if an error occurs in any of the treatment steps, this error is identified and it is possible to compensate for it and continue the treatment correctly. In the present study, the midplane dose was obtained by three methods: arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and transmission dose in the form of gate simulation, and its results were compared with the clinical data obtained from the practical part.Findings: After comparing all the results obtained from the applicable methods and summarizing the data compared to the current research, according to the passing of the acceptance criteria in the comparison of the practical part and the simulation, it can be said that doing dosimetry using Epid is an acceptable method to move forward. A comprehensive system for more accurate dosimetry calculations in radiotherapy centers that are equipped with EPID.Conclusion: According to the results obtained from the practical part as well as the simulation of the project, the results with gamma index less than 1% were presented for Midplan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Comparison of bioactive ingredients and anatomical structure of Fumaria vaillantii Loise and F. asepala Boiss
Monir Mohseni Azra Ataei Azimi Babak Delnavaz HashemloianObjective: Persian sedge (Fumaria vaillantii) and sepalless sedge (F. asepala) are two annual herbaceous plants that grow separately or together in plant communities. The aim of this research was to compare the biochemical composition and anatomical structure of these t MoreObjective: Persian sedge (Fumaria vaillantii) and sepalless sedge (F. asepala) are two annual herbaceous plants that grow separately or together in plant communities. The aim of this research was to compare the biochemical composition and anatomical structure of these two species in order to determine the proximity of their medicinal properties. Materials and methods: The studied plant species were collected from the central part of Saveh in May 2018. In order to compare the medicinal value, some characteristics of two Fumaria including effective substances and the anatomical structure of leaves, stems, roots and fruits were compared. The amount of lipid, protein, organic matter, sugar, phenol, alkaloid, types of chlorophyll, minerals and peroxidase activity were identified and measured by calorimetry, spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography methods. Anatomical structure was made by preparing transversal sections, stained with methylene blue and Carmen Zaji and studied with a light microscope. Findings: The differences in the content of lipid, protein, chlorophyll a and stem minerals, root phenol, fruit alkaloid, sugar and chlorophyll b were significant in two species, but the differences in the composition of other organs were not significant. The activity of peroxidase and the number of phenolic compounds in the organs of the two species were significantly different. Fatty acids were almost similar in all organs except the stem of the leafless shoot. The anatomical structure of the two Fumaria was also completely similar. Conclusion: The findings of this research showed that Iranian Shatre and Bekasbarg are rich in effective substances and the anatomical structure is almost similar. This result shows that their medicinal value is the same. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The effect of caloric restriction along with functional training and acidic and alkaline diet on body composition, lipid concentration and C-reactive protein in overweight adults
Fahimeh Noori Zohreh Eskandari Mohammad Reza Shiri Shahsavar Elahe YousefiPurpose: Obesity increases inflammatory indices and creates insulin resistance, and proper diet along with regular physical exercises are effective in improving these indices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate 10 weeks of calorie restriction along with MorePurpose: Obesity increases inflammatory indices and creates insulin resistance, and proper diet along with regular physical exercises are effective in improving these indices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate 10 weeks of calorie restriction along with alkaline, acidic diet and functional exercises on lipid profile, body composition and C-reactive protein levels in obese and overweight adults.Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental research, 53 obese and overweight adults (18 men, 35 women) with an average age of 35.4±8.3 years voluntarily participated. Calorie restriction along with alkaline and acidic diet and functional exercises were applied in three experimental groups and one control group for 10 weeks. Body composition (weight, waist-hip ratio, body mass index, muscle and fat mass, visceral fat), lipid indices (fasting cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride) and C-reactive protein levels were measured. Anukova and Bonferroni tests were used to compare groups in the post-test and the significance level was 0.05.Findings: body composition (weight, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, fat mass and visceral fat) and cholesterol decreased in the alkaline diet group along with calorie restriction and functional exercises in overweight and obese people (P≥0.05).Conclusion: Calorie restriction and alkaline diet by reducing acid load along with 10 weeks of functional training lead to improvement of body composition and cholesterol in overweight and obese adults. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - A new strain of Rhodotrula mucilaginosa producing sophorolipid biosurfactant as an effective agent in microbial oil extraction
Zahra Ganji Keyvan Beheshti-Maal Ahmadreza Massah Zarrindokht Emami-KarvaniObjective: Biosurfactants have wide applications in the microbiology of food and oil. The aim of this research was to investigate the production of stable biosurfactant in high temperature and salinity from yeasts isolated from oil-contaminated soil.Materials and method MoreObjective: Biosurfactants have wide applications in the microbiology of food and oil. The aim of this research was to investigate the production of stable biosurfactant in high temperature and salinity from yeasts isolated from oil-contaminated soil.Materials and methods: Bushnell Haas culture medium was used to screen biosurfactant producing yeasts. The presence of biosurfactant was evaluated using oil dispersion and surface tension reduction tests.Findings: The best biosurfactant producing strain of Radotrulla mucilaginosawas named GBMEIAUF1 and its 5.8s-rDNA gene sequence was registered inthe NCBI gene bank under accession number CBS11162. The results of thin layer chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the extracted biosurfactant was sophorolipid with significant surface activity. Purified sophorolipid decreased the surface tension of water from 72 mN/m to 1.29 mN/m. The highest emulsification index, E24%, the extracted biosurfactant was 53% and retained 63.71 to 58.09% of its initial activity at 80 to 120 degrees Celsius. This biosurfactant also retained 82.67 and 89.41% of its initial activity at pH 10.5, and 12, 59.66% of its initial activity at 10% salinity.Conclusion: This research is the first report of sophorolipid production by the yeast Redotrula mucilaginosa.Due to its thermal stability and high pH and salinity tolerance, sophorolipid produced by Redotrula mucilaginosa can be strongly recommended as an effective emulsifying agent for application in microbial enhanced oil extraction programs as well as food industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Investigation and analysis of human identity in the poems of Sipdeh Kashani and Qaisar Aminpour.
samira dolatkhah mohammadreza shadmanamen Khodabakhsh AsadollahiMan shapes his identity according to his living conditions and his influence on the environment and the difficult events of social life. This identity is born of individuality and confrontation inside and outside him. The confrontation that has arisen in the beginning f MoreMan shapes his identity according to his living conditions and his influence on the environment and the difficult events of social life. This identity is born of individuality and confrontation inside and outside him. The confrontation that has arisen in the beginning from the ignorance of the soil of his existence and the divine spirit, and has itself created other confrontations, so man, by tending to each of these two elements, determines his own destiny and his happiness and cruelty. In the face of severe disasters, he displays more innate and acquired characteristics than normal. One of these defining events is the war that is imposed on man and puts him at the crossroads of resistance or surrender to show his virtue or vices. In this article, we will find out what characteristics people have during the war, from the point of view of Sepadeh Kashani and Qaisar Aminpour, and how they can reveal their divine and hidden nature with these characteristics. The data of this article are provided using the library method and are described and analyzed in a qualitative way. The most important achievement of this research is that at the beginning of the war, the divine nature of human beings always deprives the devil, but with the end of the war, the devil gradually finds a way to penetrate them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - An Expeditious One-pot Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines using ZnCl2.SiO2 as a Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst under Solvent-free Condition
Haleh Sanaeishoar Mina Bashirpour Fouad Mohave -
Open Access Article
44 - Design of Optimal PID, Fuzzy and New Fuzzy-PID Controller for CANSAT Carrier System Thrust Vector
A. Kosari H. Jahanshahi A. A. Razavi -
Open Access Article
45 - Pareto Optimal Design of Passive and Active Vehicle Suspension Models
Mohammadjavad Mahmoodabadi Seyed Mehdi Mortazavi Yazdi -
Open Access Article
46 - Comparative Study and Robustness Analysis of Quadrotor Control in Presence of Wind Disturbances
Reham Mohammed -
Open Access Article
47 - Investigation of the Stability of the Ball and Beam by the PID Controller
Mojtaba Hadipour Ali Hosseinzadeh Mohsen Sadidi -
Open Access Article
48 - Lipid and volatile composition of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) leaf
Wissem Aidi Wannes Baya Mhamdi Moufida Saidani Tounsi Brahim Marzouk -
Open Access Article
49 - Secondary metabolites of Hypericum richeri Vill. collected in Central Italy: chemotaxonomy and ethnomedicinal relevance
Alessandro Venditti Armandodoriano Bianco -
Open Access Article
50 - Mental health of elementary students in Corona pandemic: A key role of health literacy
Najmeh Jafari alireza araghieeh Alireza Asareh Mehdi Davaei Hamid MoghaddasiThe aim of this study was to evaluate the mental health of primary school students in Corona pandemic with emphasis on health literacy. The research method is applied based on the purpose and based on the nature and method of the research, the quality is thematic analys MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the mental health of primary school students in Corona pandemic with emphasis on health literacy. The research method is applied based on the purpose and based on the nature and method of the research, the quality is thematic analysis (content network) and cross-sectional in terms of data collection time. The statistical population includes all mothers with children in primary school living in Qom at the time of coronavirus outbreak. To determine the samples of this research, purposive sampling method and snowball method (up to theoretical saturation) have been used. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. Theme analysis or theme analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings from the interview were extracted and classified into 7 main themes and 25 sub-themes. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of Covid 19 disease with psychological problems such as (behavioral and emotional problems, self-regulation problems, anxiety and fear, problems related to coping and coping strategies, experience of misbehavior and emotional harassment, depressed mood and stress ) Has been associated with the children studied. The prevalence of coronavirus affects the mental health of children and its serious effects on various aspects of their personal, family, social, educational life are evident, and illiteracy is a threat to mental health and disrupts social health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Design and Validation of a Math Curriculum Model Based on a Reality-Oriented Approach for High School Students
Abdolamir Abaszadeh Alireza Medghalchi Nasim AsgharyThe current research aims to design and validate a realistic mathematics education curriculum model for high school students. Data collection was done by the documentary method and content analysis technique. The research community includes all documents on realistic ma MoreThe current research aims to design and validate a realistic mathematics education curriculum model for high school students. Data collection was done by the documentary method and content analysis technique. The research community includes all documents on realistic mathematics education and the sample volume included 94 documents. Purposive sampling and the method of collecting extracted information was chip sampling. Validity and reliability of data from the four criteria of dependability, transferability, verifiability, dependence and reliability. Findings according to the Akker Pattern in the form of reality-oriented mathematics curriculum components, including: Rationale, Aims & Objectives, Content, Learning activities, Teacher Role, Materials & Resources, Location, Time, Grouping and Assessment, were explained. For the purpose of validation, the proposed model for the quantitative part was carried out using a descriptive survey method and a researcher-made scale. The reliability of the system was calculated using the content validity method and the calculation of content validity ratio indexes and the reliability tool was also calculated using the internal consistency method. Quantitative data was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, it was found that the model of the math curriculum designed based on the reality-oriented approach has the required validity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Evaluation of RapidEye satellite data for estimation some quantitative structure variables in the Caspian forests of Gorgan region
Noureddin Noorian Shaban Shataee Jahangir MohamadiEstimation of quantitative forest attributes is important for its applications in order to understand the forest condition and performance. The aim of this study was the estimation of some quantitative forest attributes (stand volume, basal area, and tree stem density) MoreEstimation of quantitative forest attributes is important for its applications in order to understand the forest condition and performance. The aim of this study was the estimation of some quantitative forest attributes (stand volume, basal area, and tree stem density) using the RapidEye satellite data (2011) and non-parametric algorithms in the part of Hyrcanian forests in the Gorgan region. For this purpose, 418 plots each with an area of 1000m2 were established using a simple random sampling method. In each plot, information including a position of plot center, diameter at breast height of all trees and height of selected trees were recorded. Based on which the standing volume and basal area per ha were derived. A RapidEye image was processed by different synthetic bands derived from rationing, principal component analysis, texture analysis, and Tasseledcap, and the pixel gray values corresponding to the ground samples were extracted from spectral bands. These were further considered as the independent variables to predict the Quantitative characteristics. Modeling was carried out based on 75% of sample plots as training set using K-Nearest Neighbor, support vector machine, and random forest methods. The predictions were cross-validated using the left-out 25% samples. The results showed Random forest comparatively returned the best estimates for stand volume, basal area and tree stem density with root mean square error of 39.83%, 29.71%, and 50.11% and relative bias of 0.01, 1.69 and 2.11 as well, respectively. The results of this study also showed that due to the heterogeneity and density of Caspian forests, RapidEye satellite spectral data have a moderate ability to estimate the quantitative forest attributes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Spatial distribution of Persian Oak decline using a combination of geostatistical techniques and remote sensing (Case study: Barm plain, Fars province)
Raziyeh Bagheri Yousef ErfanifardZagros arid woodlands are among the most important and valuable areas of Iran΄s natural resources that due to the dieback of trees in recent years, it seems necessary to manage and rehabilitate this vegetation. This research was aimed to study the spatial distribution m MoreZagros arid woodlands are among the most important and valuable areas of Iran΄s natural resources that due to the dieback of trees in recent years, it seems necessary to manage and rehabilitate this vegetation. This research was aimed to study the spatial distribution map dieback of Persian oak trees (Quercus brantii Lindl), analyze and describe the spatial distribution using a combination of geostatistical techniques and remote sensing in Barm plain, Fars province. First, the RapidEye satellite image was classified into two categories of healthy and dried trees with the supervised classified algorithm including maximum likelihood. The overall accuracy and Kappa coefficients were 80% and 73%, respectively. The data were then collected in circular sample plots of 2000 m2 (with a radius of 25.24 m) based on a 300×300 meter network in a randomized manner. After preparing the point map, the percentage of drying of the classified image was determined by simple, ordinary, and universal Kriging interpolation method, which were evaluated using three models: Exponential, spherical, Gaussian. After evaluating the data using the cross-evaluation results, the most accurate fitting was shown by the simple Kriging method with the exponential model (mean estimation error of 0.023). Dieback map was obtained with classes of zero to 10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 and more than 40%. The largest area was related to class 20% to 30% with 493.9 ha and the smallest area was for zero to 10%, with 70.46 ha. The present study showed that it is possible to obtain maps of the spatial distribution of Persian oak dieback and recognize the focal points using geostatistical techniques and remote sensing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Landslide hazard zonation using artificial neural network (Case study: Sepiddasht-Lorestan, Iran)
Syamak Bharvand Salman SooriThis study was carried out to determine the relative hazard zonation of the slope instabilities and landslide occurrence in Sepiddasht, Iran. The method of Artificial Neural Network with the multiple-layer percepteron structure and the back propagation learning algorith MoreThis study was carried out to determine the relative hazard zonation of the slope instabilities and landslide occurrence in Sepiddasht, Iran. The method of Artificial Neural Network with the multiple-layer percepteron structure and the back propagation learning algorithm were used. In order to study the stability of the slopes, the landslides of the region were initially identified and recorded using satellite images of TM and ETM+, aerial images of 1:50,000, and field surveys (year, 2014). The impact of each factor including slope, aspect, land use, elevation, lithology, precipitation, the distance from the fault road and drainage on the slope instabilities was estimated using the ArcGIS®10.1 software via combining the map of the factors influencing the landslide with the landslide distribution map. Then a proper structure (1-13-9) for the landslide hazard zonation of Sepiddasht region was obtained through training the artificial neural network by MATLAB software. Based on the results of the landslide hazard zonation, 0.18, 12.41, 14.09, 29.85, and 43.52 percent of the region were located in very low, low, medium, high, and very high risk classes respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Effects Of Aqueous Extract Of Glycyrrhiza glabra Root Against Lipid Dysfunction and Hepatic Tissue Changes Induced by Thioacetamide in Male Rats
Davood Moghadamnia Moktar Mokhtari Saeed Khatam SazInroduction and ObjectiveThioacetamide cause hepatocellular carcinoma and lipid dysfunction.The plant phenolic compounds such as flavonoids have a important role in the treatment of many disease. The present study was done to evaluate effects of aqueous extract of Glyc MoreInroduction and ObjectiveThioacetamide cause hepatocellular carcinoma and lipid dysfunction.The plant phenolic compounds such as flavonoids have a important role in the treatment of many disease. The present study was done to evaluate effects of aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root against lipid dysfunction and hepatic tissue changes induced by thioacetamide in male rats. Materials and Methods:35 male rats were divided into five groupsof seven:Control group.Animals of this group underwent no stress such as injection ,oral gavage and etc.Sham group.Animals of this group received150 mg/kg of thioacetamide intrapertionealy in a single dose for 3 months.Experimental group 1,2,3. Animals of this groups received 100,200,300 mg/kg of aqueous extract of glycyrrhiza glabra root orally per day for 3 months and then 150 mg/kg of thioacetamide intrapertionealy in a single dose. All animals bled after 3 months .The provided blood samples were tested for total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol,triglyceride and glucose serum levels by enzymatic methods. The pathological examination of hepatic tissue samples were done after hematoxylin - eosin stainingResultsPretreatmen with 100,300 mg/kg of aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root significandecreased the serum levels of total choesterol comparing with thioacetamide group.Pretreatmen with the aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root at all doses increased the serum levels of glucose comparing with thioacetamide group but there was no significant difference. Pretreatmen with the aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root at all doses showed no significant difference inserum levels of LDL,HDLcholesterol and triglyceride comparing with thioacetamide group. In all experimental groups the hepatic tissue changes induced by thioacetamide improved which were dose dependent.(p≤.05) Conclusion: Therefore, the result show that the protective effects of aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root against Lipid dysfunction and hepatic tissue induced by thioacetamide in male rats.The protective effects of this extract can be due to the presence of flavonoids,chalcones,phytosterols compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The Effect of Zolpidem on Uterus Tissue Histological Changes and Estradiol Serum of Adult NMRI Mouse Strain
Samaneh Mohammadian Kondori Nasim Hayati Rodbari Simin Mohammadi Gorji Kazem ParivarInroduction & Objective: Zolpidem (with the brand name of Ambien) is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic which binds to the benzodiazepine binding site on the GABA-A receptors given that this drug is used in more puberty so.The aim of this study was the effect of zolpidem on MoreInroduction & Objective: Zolpidem (with the brand name of Ambien) is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic which binds to the benzodiazepine binding site on the GABA-A receptors given that this drug is used in more puberty so.The aim of this study was the effect of zolpidem on reproductive system of female adult NMRI mouse.Material and Methods:In this experimental study thirty adult female mice NMRI strain at a mean weight of 30±26 grams were divided into five groups Zolpidem solution was prepared in distilled water at 5, 10, and 20 (mg/kg of body weigh) doses, and 0.5 cc injections were done intraperitoneally every day for 14 days The con trol group received no injection. The sham group received distilled water (as solvent of zolpidem) and treatment groups of 1, 2, and 3 received doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg The treatment groups were sacrificed one day after the last injection, and their hearts were dissected and blood samples were obtained.The concentrations of the hormones were measured by the ELISA testThe uterus tissue was separated and examined after the process of alcohol supply, molding, shredding as well as Hematoxylin and eosin painting and the results were evaluated via the tukey-test, ANOVA by SPSS program.Results:The results showed a significant decrease in the mean serum, Estradiol in the experimental groups compared to the sham and control histological studies of sections showed the diameter of endometrium and uterus lumen, decreased in experimental groups compared to the sham and control Also significant decrease the number of uterus glands in experimental groups 3 compared to the sham and control.Conclusion:Injection of zolpidem significantly is effective on ,uterus tissue and concentration of Estradiol hormone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Effects of Hydro alcoholic Extract of Ferulago angulataon Glucose, Lipid Profile and Liver enzymes in Male Rats on High-fat Diet
Maryamsadaat moshashaei somayeh bohlouliInroduction & Objective: The use of herbal supplements to prevent and stop obesity is cheaper than chemical and synthetic drugs and has fewer side effects. in this study, the effect of Ferulago angulatahydro alcoholic extract on the biochemical parameters of male ra MoreInroduction & Objective: The use of herbal supplements to prevent and stop obesity is cheaper than chemical and synthetic drugs and has fewer side effects. in this study, the effect of Ferulago angulatahydro alcoholic extract on the biochemical parameters of male rats on a high-fat diet was surveyed. Material and Method: Thirty-two male Wistar rats,which were randomly tested,were experimentally studiedin four groups: One control groupreceiving a fatty diet without extract;threeexperimental groups receiving Ferulago angulata extract of with doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Nursing was performed for 20 weeks. At the end of the experiment, biochemical factors were tested on serum levels, including: glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol (HDL and LDL), leptin, and liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP). Results: Doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract reduced some biochemical and liver factors in rats compared to the control group under high-fat diet and the extract reduced cholesterol and leptin significantly. Different doses of choy extract significantly reduced the levels of leptin, glucose, triglycerides and liver enzymes (ALP / AST / ALT). LDL levels decreased. HDL levels also increased and cholesterol levels did not change Conclusion: In this study, the reducing effects of biochemical factors were observed at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of extract, which may be evidenced by the positive effects of the extract of this plant on reducing harmful fats in the biochemical factors of the blood and the weight of the rats. Daily consumption of low dose of theextract of this plant can lead to fat metabolism and weight loss. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Effect of Viola tricolor hydro-ethanolic extract on serum glucose and lipids in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats
Abbas Vakilian Masoumeh Asle Rousta مهدی رهنماBackground & Aims: Viola tricolor is one of the medicinal plants of the Violaceae family, which possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to investigate the effect of V. tricolor hydro-ethanolic extract on glucose levels and serum lipid MoreBackground & Aims: Viola tricolor is one of the medicinal plants of the Violaceae family, which possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to investigate the effect of V. tricolor hydro-ethanolic extract on glucose levels and serum lipid profile in diabetic rats.Materials & Methods: The rats were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin and nicotine to induce diabetes. Diabetic rats were divided into four groups. The first group received no treatment, and the second to fourth groups received glibenclamide and extract of V. tricolor with doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg for 30 consecutive days by gavage. Blood glucose level, lipid profile, and body weight were assessed at the end of the period.Results: When administered at a dose of 600 mg/kg, V. tricolor extract significantly reduced the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein in the serum of diabetic rats. It also increased high-density lipoprotein and body weight in these animals.Conclusion: The results indicate that the Viola tricolor is beneficial in reducing complications caused by type 2 diabetes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Evaluation of serum biochemical profile using black radish (Raphanus sativus) in mice
Seyedeh Ommolbanin Ghasemian Maryam Maryam Karimi-Dehkord Ali Maddahi nejad Hooman YousefiBackground & Aim: Considering the presence of active compounds in black horseradish, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of black radish on liver and kidney function in small laboratory mice. Materials & Methods: In this study, 40 s MoreBackground & Aim: Considering the presence of active compounds in black horseradish, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of black radish on liver and kidney function in small laboratory mice. Materials & Methods: In this study, 40 small laboratory mice were randomly divided into four groups of control and experimental groups (50, 100, and 150 mg/ml black radish extract). Intraperitoneal injection of hydroalcoholic extract of black radish was performed in the experimental groups. On the 21st day, the mice were anesthetized and then blood sampling was done. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride and cholesterol levels were compared between the groups. Results: The levels of BUN, creatinine, ALP, AST and ALT in the experimental groups were not significantly different from the control group (P>0.05). Treatment with horseradish extract led to a decrease in fat profiles in the experimental group compared to the control group. By increasing the dose of the extract, the amount of triglycerides decreased. This reduction was significant in the highest dose (150 mg/kg) (P<0.05). In addition, black radish extract led to a significant decrease in cholesterol in all three doses compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate the absence of liver and kidney toxicity of the extract in the doses used in the study. It can also be said that in physiological conditions, the use of black horseradish hydroalcoholic extract reduces the fat profile Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Modeling and Analysis of SEPIC Converter Stability by Gray Wolf Multi-Objective Algorithm
Seyed Mohamad Naji Esfahani Seyed Hamid Zahiri Majid DelshadThis paper investigates the closed loop stability of the SEPIC converter using an optimal PID controller; In this model, the parameters are adjusted using the Gray Wolf Multi-Objective (MOGWO) algorithm. The Gray Wolf Multi-Objective Algorithm is a random evolution-insp MoreThis paper investigates the closed loop stability of the SEPIC converter using an optimal PID controller; In this model, the parameters are adjusted using the Gray Wolf Multi-Objective (MOGWO) algorithm. The Gray Wolf Multi-Objective Algorithm is a random evolution-inspired random algorithm that has been widely used in recent years as an optimization technique in power electronics. The state mode average method has been used to model and achieve the transducer-based system transfer function. Therefore, the MOGWO-based PID controller has been studied and implemented in the system to enable the converter stability to be evaluated and compared with conventional PID controllers. To evaluate the stability of the system, various performance parameters such as overtaking percentage, peak time, settling time and peak size have been considered. The impact response of the closed-loop system is obtained by simulation in MATLAB. The performance of the model is evaluated to perform a general comparative analysis of the system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Reaction of some almond cultivars to Almond spider mite, Schizotetranychus smirnovi in Saman region, Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari province, Iran
Zarir SaeidiReaction of some almond cultivars including Sefid, Mamaei, Rabie, Non pariel, Shahrood 6, Shahrood 7, Shahrood 13, Shahrood 21 and Shahrood 12 to almond spider mite. Schizotetranychus smirnovi Wainst. Were evaluated in Saman region, during 2008-2009. In the first trial, MoreReaction of some almond cultivars including Sefid, Mamaei, Rabie, Non pariel, Shahrood 6, Shahrood 7, Shahrood 13, Shahrood 21 and Shahrood 12 to almond spider mite. Schizotetranychus smirnovi Wainst. Were evaluated in Saman region, during 2008-2009. In the first trial, after grafting of cultivars on GF677 root stock, they were transferred to an orchard and were kept under insect net to prevent natural infestation. Cultivars were infested artificially by introducing 5 adult female mites on each plant. Twenty one days after infestation, leaves were collected and mite population density (number of eggs, nymphs and adults) were counted. Results indicated that Sefid and Feraduel (Shahrood 12) cultivars supported the highest mite population; whereas, Shahrood21 and Shahrood 6 supported the lowest mite population. In the second trail, almond cultivars were evaluated under natural infestation during 2 sampling times (with 15 days interval). Mean comparison of the mite population density (eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults) showed that Mamaei cultivar (mean 63 and 206.2 mites in the first and second sampling times, respectively) supported the highest; whereas, Shahrood 21 (mean 6.2 and 22 mites) supported the lowest mite population density. Study density of leaf trichomes and concentration of leaf total phenolic compounds showed that there was not significant positive relation between them and resistance to the mite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Evaluation of Resistance Mechanism of some navy bean genotypes to two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae)
Mohammad Mojtaba Kamelmanesh Shahram Hesami Anita Namayandeh Banafsheh Ahmadi Hamid Reza DorriIn order to evaluate the resistance mechanism of Navy Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch), an experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions during 2009-2010. Efficient mechanism of resistance including antibiosis, antix MoreIn order to evaluate the resistance mechanism of Navy Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch), an experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions during 2009-2010. Efficient mechanism of resistance including antibiosis, antixenosis and tolerance of 50 genotypes of navy bean was evaluated using standard greenhouse tests. All experiments followed a complete randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications and 50 treatments (Genotypes). Analysis of variance and mean values comparison using the Duncan procedure showed that there was a significant difference between three mechanisms of resistance in 50 genotypes at 5 % level. The most response of antibiosis was seen in genotype numbers 41188, 41103, 41117, 41190, 41109, 41111, 41161, 41178, 41106, 41127, 41133 and 41151. Genotype numbers 41188, 41121, 41158, 41113, 11867 and 41101 were the most resistant genotypes. 16 genotypes showed the most response of antixenosis. Appraising the Plant Resistance Index (PRI) by using the reverse product of values of resistance mechanisms and genotype numbers 41151 and 41134 showed the highest and lowest values, respectively. Our results show that genotype numbers 41151, 41121 and 41188 have the most potential of resistance to this pest with antibiosis and antixenosis as the principal mechanisms of resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - First report of the mite species Androlaelaps aegypticus (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) from Iran
Mahboubeh Soleimani Hadi Ostovan Omid JoharchiDuring the investigation of fauna of edaphic mites in the areas of Fars Science and Research Branch (Marvdasht, Fars province ), some species belonging to the family Laelapidae were collected and identified, among them the species Androlaelaps aegypticus Hafez, Elbadry MoreDuring the investigation of fauna of edaphic mites in the areas of Fars Science and Research Branch (Marvdasht, Fars province ), some species belonging to the family Laelapidae were collected and identified, among them the species Androlaelaps aegypticus Hafez, Elbadry & Naser 1982 is considered a new record for acarofauna of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Study on some biological aspects of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on cotton in the laboratory condtions
Seyed Hamid Reza Forghani Nazila HonarparvarThe two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch is a serious and extremely polyphagous pest in many parts of the world as well as one of the most common pests on cotton in Iran. In this study, the biology of T. urticae on Sahel cultivar of cotton was investigated MoreThe two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch is a serious and extremely polyphagous pest in many parts of the world as well as one of the most common pests on cotton in Iran. In this study, the biology of T. urticae on Sahel cultivar of cotton was investigated with 43 replications under laboratory condition with temperature 28±2ºC, humidity %60±5, and photo period 16:8 L: D. The result revealed that the average lifetime for female spider mite was 21.07±0.57 and for male 19.23±0.46 days. The average number of eggs laid by fertile female was 5.97±0.85 and infertile female were 6.31±0.6 eggs day. Incubation period for fertile eggs were 11.62±0.25 days and for infertile eggs were 10.69±0.93. The sex ratio of male to female was 1:2.3. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Effect of acaricide, Envidor speed, on figs spider mite, Eotetranychus hirsti (Acari: Tetranycidae)
Mehdi Gheibi Yazdanbakhsh TaheriFig spider mite, Eotetranychus hirsti (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a serious pest of figs (Ficus carica L.) in Iran and other fig growing areas in the world. Under low mite infestation level, the leaves show small transparent patches while under high infestation the leaves MoreFig spider mite, Eotetranychus hirsti (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a serious pest of figs (Ficus carica L.) in Iran and other fig growing areas in the world. Under low mite infestation level, the leaves show small transparent patches while under high infestation the leaves with yellowish-green appearance drop down prematurely. Effects of three doses (0.3, 0.4, 0.5 per thousand liters) of new acaricide envidor speed (spirodiclofen 222+abamactin, 18g/l SC) evaluated in comparison with three other acaricides i.e. spirodiclifen (0.5 per thousand liters), bromopropylate (1.5 per thousand liters) and abamectin (0.5 per thousand liters) on egg and adult stages of fig spider on Ezmir variety of fig orchards in Agricultural Research Center (ARC) of Estahban-Fars, during 2014. Five replications for every treatment done through randomized complete block design. 50 leaves were plucked from each block at random and number of egg and adult of Eo. hirsti recorded through ten sampling interval, one day before, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 24 and 30 days after chemical applications. The efficacy of the acaricides was calculated by Henderson and Tilton formula. The data were subjected to ANOVA and the means were analyzed by Duncan test. The results showed that after 5 days, three dose of envidor speed have a good effect than bromopropylate and abamectin. While the treated trees with bromopropylate and abamectin have a significant population of egg mite 16.6 and 22.5 eggs respectively, after 30 days. The mean number of eggs in treated trees with bromopropylate and abamectin increased after 15 days. Efficacy of bromopropylate and abamectin showed an absolute control on adult mite after one day and mean mortality was 93.12 and 98.12 percent, respectively. Different concentration of envidor speed showed high efficacy after 3 days and for 03, 0.4 and 0.5 mortality were 94.99, 94.65 and 100%, respectively. Spirodiclofen showed high efficacy after 7 days. The efficacy of bromopropylate and abamectin decreased after 15 days and were 47.13 and 72.43% after 30 days, respectively. The results showed that envidor speed has a longer and good effect on egg and adult form of fig spider mite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Presenting a new model for rapid diagnosis of acute respiratory diseases using machine learning algorithms
Mehran Nezami Avaz Naghipour Behnam Safiri IranaghCorona virus, Severe Acute Respiratory virus and swine flu is a disease caused by acute respiratory syndrome. These viruses require advanced tools to identify dangerous mortality factors with high accuracy due to their immediate spread among humans. Machine learning met MoreCorona virus, Severe Acute Respiratory virus and swine flu is a disease caused by acute respiratory syndrome. These viruses require advanced tools to identify dangerous mortality factors with high accuracy due to their immediate spread among humans. Machine learning methods directly address this issue and are essential tools for understanding and guiding public health interventions. In this article, machine learning is used to investigate demographic and clinical significance. The investigated characteristics include age, gender, fever, countries and clinical details such as cough, shortness of breath, etc. Several machine learning algorithms have been implemented and applied on the collected data, the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm works with the highest accuracy (more than 97%) to predict and select features that correctly represent the status of viruses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The effect of eight weeks of aerobic training and Anethum herbal supplementation on lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease in inactive obese men
Ardeshir Zafari Taher Jalili -
Open Access Article
68 - Effect of circuit resistance and jogging exercise training on the markers of metabolic syndrome in women with type 2 diabetes
Marzieh Nazari Ramin Shabani Shahram Gholamrezaei darsara -
Open Access Article
69 - Effect of regular exercise with different intensities on oxidized LDL levels in obese men
Mohadeseh Nematollahzadeh mahani -
Open Access Article
70 - Association among lifestyle status and dyslipidemia in Yasuj
Masoud Yari Mehrzad Moghadasi Seyed Ali Hosseini Rahim Shirazi-nezhad -
Open Access Article
71 - Effects of short term lifestyle activity modification on lipid profiles in obese and overweight middle aged men with type 2 diabetes
Jalil Ghasemianpoor Mohadeseh Nematollahzadeh Mahani -
Open Access Article
72 - CrossFit training improves blood lipid profile in overweight men: A randomized controlled trial
Amin Moghimi Sarani -
Open Access Article
73 - Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids profile and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes
Rasul Azizi Amin Mohammadi Domieh -
Open Access Article
74 - The effects of concurrent training with and without branch chain amino acids on lipid profiles and testosterone level of male body-builders
Payam Rafiee Eskandar Rahimi -
Open Access Article
75 - Study of cucumber plant nutrition effect by different levels of potassium on biological parameters and life table of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae)
M. Motahari K. Kheradmand A. M. Roustaee A. A. TalebiTwo-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most important pests of cucumber. In order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of potassium on biology and life table of this mite, cucumber plant was nourished by th MoreTwo-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most important pests of cucumber. In order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of potassium on biology and life table of this mite, cucumber plant was nourished by three levels of potassium including deficiency level of potassium K1 (5 meq­/­l K+), standard level of potassium K2 (7 meq­/­l K+) and excess level of potassium K3 (9 meq­/­l K+). The experiments were performed under laboratory conditions at 25±1 C°, 60±5% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) hours. Based on the obtained results, the mean of pre-imaginal developmental time in deficiency, standard and excess levels of potassium was 11.66, 12.15 and 11.35 days for males and 12.2, 11.78 and 10.73 days for females, respectively. The highest mean of females life span was observed in plants which nourished by the lowest concentration of potassium and showed significant different with two other levels of potassium. The maen of oviposition period in mentioned levels was 13.71, 8.18 and 11.72 days, respectively. Also the maximum value of total fecundity was recorded in deficiency level of potassium. Mortality percentage of pre-imaginal stages was estimated 30.74, 23.65 and 20.34% in mentioned levels, respectively. Age specific survival rate (lx) at adult emergence in deficiency, standard and excess levels of potassium was estimated 0.55, 0.66 and 0.73, respectively. The highest value of life expectancy (ex) in the start of the experiments was recorded as 35.31 days in 9 meq­/­l K+ concentration. The results showed that deficiency of potassium in cucumber plants is caused more reproduction in two- spotted spider mite. So proper management of plant nutrition can be one of the most effective strategies to control this pest in integrated pest management programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Comparison two new botanical pesticides effects with two old acaricides in control of greenhouse eggplant infested by Tetranychus urticae Koch in Varamin region
Masoud Arbabi Mojtaba Khani Zinab Tajik Sosan Hassenzadeh maryam negahbanEggplant greenhouse cultivations in last two /three years found under progressing and intensive spider mite damages observed for the first time in Varamin region. Effects of two new botanical pesticides, Mariapro+Coverino-M, Bio-2, in comparison of propargite 57% MoreEggplant greenhouse cultivations in last two /three years found under progressing and intensive spider mite damages observed for the first time in Varamin region. Effects of two new botanical pesticides, Mariapro+Coverino-M, Bio-2, in comparison of propargite 57% EC and tetradifon v/w 7.52% were evaluated against Tetranychus urticae red color population on round black eggplants variety 1574 in greenhouse during spring season of 2021 in Varamin region. Spraying of treatments done with wheel burrow sprayer and effects of the them carried out by random 15 leaves collected from each treatment at one day before and 3,7and 15 days after. Mite active stages on 2cm2 on middle under side of eggplant leaf recorded by help of stereomicroscope. Abbott formula used to convert raw data in to mortality%. Mean mite mortality% of treatments analyzed with SAS software. Minimum and maximum mean active mite stages for 2ml/l Tetradifon (25.83 mites) and 1.5 ml/l of Bio-2 (44.50 mite) recorded respectively. Pesticide control effects showed a statistical significant (p<0.05) at different interval times. Higher effects (100%) for both propargite doses recorded at 3rd and 7th day of interval periods and least mortality% (58.92%) observed for tetradifon 2ml/l at 15 days’ interval time. Low slop mite mortality% found at decreasing level until 15 days for most of treatments. Spraying old registered acaricides recommended at higher spider mite infestation before harvesting period. Both new botanical pesticides can provide mite control damages during eggplant fruiting time and producing organic vegetables under greenhouses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Study of Thrips (Thysanoptera) in regions of Isfahan and Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari provinces
N. Pur javad ZH. Zamani K. MinaiThrips (Thysanoptera), despite their small size, play an important role in the natural and agricultural ecosystems and they have a wide range of diets. Many species due to their ability to cause direct and indirect damages by feeding on crops and by transmission o MoreThrips (Thysanoptera), despite their small size, play an important role in the natural and agricultural ecosystems and they have a wide range of diets. Many species due to their ability to cause direct and indirect damages by feeding on crops and by transmission of plant viruses are economically important. Some of them also have a role in pest control, since they are predators of other Thysanoptera, aphids, mites and other small arthropods. In this study, the sampling and identification of Thysanoptera in two provinces of Isfahan and Chaharmahal Bakhtiari were carried out during 2016-2018. Thrips species were collected by shaking fromvarious plants, including fruit trees, shade trees, ornamental plants, feild crop plants and weeds. By examining the microscopic slide preparations, 29 species belonging to 14 genera and four families of two orders, Tubulifera and Terebrantia, were identified. In general 17 species were reported for the first time from Isfahan and Chaharmahal Bakhtiari provinces. Most identified species were found to be phytophagous and some have importance as agricultural pests. The collected species from Aeolothrips and Scolothrips genera are predators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Comparative effects of organic and inorganic acaricides in control of greenhouse rose spider mite (Tetranychus spp.)
H. R. Mavali M. Arbabi H. GoharchiniWeb spotted spider mite is a major pest of greenhouse rose varieties and maximum control achieved also through acaricides application in Iran. In concern to increase acaricidal application choices, an investigation about two doses of new organic (BioMite, GC-Mite, Kingb MoreWeb spotted spider mite is a major pest of greenhouse rose varieties and maximum control achieved also through acaricides application in Iran. In concern to increase acaricidal application choices, an investigation about two doses of new organic (BioMite, GC-Mite, Kingbo), inorganic (Floramite, Danizeraba, Biok) along with cleaning agent mixed with water, carried out against rose spider mite infestation during late spring and middle of summer seasons in Bijar region of Kurdistan province of Iran. Randomized block design with three replications selected and for each replicate, 10 leaves randomly collected from different bending and vertical roses shoots. Sampling intervals followed one day before and 1, 3, 7 and 15 days after treatments during spring and summer seasons respectively. Active mite stages on lower rose’s leaf side counted with help of stereo microscope. Collected data converted into mortality% through Henderson-tilt on formula. Analysis of variance done with help SAS method and Duncan method used for ranking treatments at different interval times. Maximum mite mortality% recorded 84.61%, 91.73% one day after treatments for both danisaraba doses and effects decreased after 7 days onward for both doses. Floramite effects up to 3 days after treatments observed with considerable mite mortality% while recorded weak effects for both biok doses through sampling period. Both GC-mite doses with 67.13% and 69.14% mite control observed during late spring which reduced sustainable effects up to 40% at 15 days interval time. Detergent water treatment with 67.21% and 56.57% mite controlled after one day during spring and summer season found more effective than other organic acaricides respectively. In total, treatments effect found more significant during spring than summer seasons. Application those treatments when mean of 2-3 mites observed in 30% of the collections, will increase acaricides effects and protect further mite resistance also. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Effect of some pesticides and plant extracts on survival period and reproductive parameters of, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neu. Chrysopidae)
M. K. Irannejad M. A. SamihFecundity rate of natural enemies changes by sublethal doses of pesticides. In this research side effects of two insecticides, hexaflumuron and pymetrozin and acaricide, spirodiclofen and four plant extracts; Calotropis procera (Willd.) R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae), poleigam MoreFecundity rate of natural enemies changes by sublethal doses of pesticides. In this research side effects of two insecticides, hexaflumuron and pymetrozin and acaricide, spirodiclofen and four plant extracts; Calotropis procera (Willd.) R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae), poleigamander Teucrium polium (Labiatae), Fumaria parviflora Lam. (Fumariaceae) and Thymus vulgaris L. (Labiatae) were evaluated on survival rate and reproductive parameters of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) in controlled condition. For this purpose, 154 fresh eggs and 40 third instar larvae treated by dipping and tapical application method respectively. The life duration of the predator on eggs treated on T. vulgaris, F. parviflora, hexaflumuron, spirodiclofen, pymetrozin, T. polium, C. procera treatments and controlplots (water & Aceton) were 69, 78, 97, 98, 100, 104, 105, 106 days respectively. It showed that the T. vulgaris had the lowest and the C. procera had the highest survival period. Also the maximum survival period of adults belonged toC. procera treatment (83 day)and the minimum to T. vulgaris(47 days).The maximum fecundity of females was519.59 eggs in pymetrozinand the minimum was 231.10 eggs in T. vulgaris. Also the fertility rates were 6.15 and 2.93 egg/female/day for spirodiclofen and T. vulgaris respectively. Extracts of C. procera are the best choices for some IPM programs because of their relative immunity on C. carnea as a biological control agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Acaricidal effect of two plant essential oils Pimpinella anisum and Satureja bachtiarica on two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)
M. H. Pourshab J. Karimi H. Abbasipour A. AhadiyatThe two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae is an important pest because of the word wide distribution, extensive host range, severe damage, great rate of population growth and ability in creating resistance against pesticides. In the present study, the acaricidal MoreThe two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae is an important pest because of the word wide distribution, extensive host range, severe damage, great rate of population growth and ability in creating resistance against pesticides. In the present study, the acaricidal effect of the essential oils of two plant species, Pimpinella anisum L.and Satureja bachtiarica Bungewere tested against the adults of Tetranychus urticae. Air-dried plant materials including seeds of P.anisum and herbage of S.bachtiarica, were distilled using a circulatory Clevenger-type apparatus. The essential oil was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and stored at +4ºC until tested. The amounts of the essential oils for P.anisum applied were 3.33, 6.66, 13.33, 26.66 and 53.33 μl/L air and for S.bachtiarica were 0.166, 0.33, 0.66, 1.33 and 2.66 μl/L. The vapours of these two plant species were toxic to adults of T. urticae. The value of LC50 on adults were 10.63 μl/L air for P.anisum and 0.33 μl/L air for S.bachtiarica. Also with increasing oil concentration, mortality rate of adults increased. According to results the P.anisum and S.bachtiarica essentials oil are appropriate in integrated pest management of two-spotted spider mite and can be considered as bio-pesticide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on population changes and growth parameters of carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval (Acari: Tetranychidae) on different rose cultivars
R. Namdari R. Vafaie Shoushtari Sh. Goldasteh J. ShakaramiCarmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval, is an important pest of ornamental plants such as roses in the world. In this research, population changes and the growth parameters of T. cinnabarinus reared on three rose cultivars (Magic Red, Polar Star, Dolce MoreCarmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval, is an important pest of ornamental plants such as roses in the world. In this research, population changes and the growth parameters of T. cinnabarinus reared on three rose cultivars (Magic Red, Polar Star, Dolce vita) at different amount of nitrogen fertilization (0, 50 and 100 Kg ha-1) were evaluated at 27±2°C, 70±5% RH and 16: 8 h (L: D) photoperiod. The highest and lowest abundance of mites were observed at levels of 100 and 0 (control) Kg ha-1 nitrogen. In all levels of nitrogen, the density of pest were the highest (79.25) on the Magic Red and lowest on the Dolce Vita variety. Also results showed that on all varieties, the 100 Kg ha-1 nitrogen provided the highest intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ) and net reproductive rate of (R0). By increasing the rate of fertilizer, the doubling time of population (DT) decreased and the mite completed its generation in the shortest time (T). This study revealed that the use of high levels of nitrogen can considerably increase population and reproductive rate of carmine spider mite in rose greenhouse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Investigation on resistance of different almond cultivars/genotypes to two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch in laboratory and greenhouse condition
Z. SaeidiResistance of different almond cultivars/genotypes including: ‘Sefid’, ‘Mamaei’, ‘Rabie’, ‘Shokofeh’, ‘Azar’, ‘Non pariel’, ‘Shahrood 6’, ‘Shahrood 7, ‘Shahrood 12’, &l MoreResistance of different almond cultivars/genotypes including: ‘Sefid’, ‘Mamaei’, ‘Rabie’, ‘Shokofeh’, ‘Azar’, ‘Non pariel’, ‘Shahrood 6’, ‘Shahrood 7, ‘Shahrood 12’, ‘Shahrood 13’ and ‘Shahrood 21’ were studied to two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), TetranychusurticaeKoch. All cultivars/genotypes were grafted on ‘Gf677’ rootstock in 4 replications. Study was done in the laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Leaf discs (2.5×1.2 cm) were prepared from leaves and placed on wet cotton in a plastic petri dish and infested with 5 adult female mites (3-5 days in age). Leaf discs were kept in an incubator at 25±1 0C, RH= 55 ±5% and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D). After 72 h, mite oviposition and mortality were measured. Based on the results, the highest and lowest oviposition were observed on ‘Mamaei’ and ‘Shahrood 21’ cultivars. The highest mite mortality was observed on ‘Shahrood 13’. Biological characteristics study of TSSM on different cultivars in the laboratory showed that cultivars significantly affected survival, immature period, mature period and mite oviposition. The highest survival percentage was recorded on ‘Azar’ (88%) and the lowest on ‘Shokoofe’ (47%) and ‘Shahrood 21’ (50%). The longest (5.27 days) immature period was observed on ‘shahrood 21’. The shortest mature period was observed on ‘Shahrood 21’ (5.15 days) and ‘Shokoofe’ (5.2 days); whereas, the longest (10.45 days) was observed on ‘Mamaei’. The highest ovipositional rate (57.6 eggs/female) was observed on ‘Mamaei’; whereas, the lowest was recorded on ‘Shokoofe’ (15.1eggs/female) and ‘Shahrood 21’ (31eggs/female). Greenhouse study showed that the highest density of mite population was supported on ‘Non pareil’ and ‘Shahrood 6’ cultivars while the lowest one was reared on ‘Shokofeh’ and ‘Shahrood 21’. Results indicated that ‘Shokofeh’, ‘Shahrood 21’ and ‘Shahrood 13’ variety/genotypes were the most resistant, whereas, ‘Mamaei’ and ‘Non pariel’ were the most susceptible varieties to two-spotted spider mite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Effect of Alfatocopherol and Ascorbyl-Palmitat as Antioxidant on Lipid Oxidation in Sausage
Zohre Shirmohammadi Alireza RahmanOxidation in meat products is one of the factors led to change the taste and quality. This research was carried out the effect of α-tocopherol and palmitate ascorbyl on the lipids oxidation in frankfurter sausages. This research is done based on factorial experime MoreOxidation in meat products is one of the factors led to change the taste and quality. This research was carried out the effect of α-tocopherol and palmitate ascorbyl on the lipids oxidation in frankfurter sausages. This research is done based on factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications.Results showed that, the pH levels in different amount of α-tocopherol and palmitate ascorbyl were similar and significantly lower than the control samples. The pH level in all samples showed a decreasing trend by passing the time and this reduction amount were different in all samples. The peroxide value increased by passing the time but peroxide changes during time were not similar in all samples. The results showed after 45 and 60 days two samples, T2 and T4 did not show a significant difference with control sample but samples T1 , T3 and T5 were placed in the same group in time study. The highest amount of thiobarbituric acid, was observed in the control sample with highest amount of thiobarbituric acid in 45 and 60 days and the lowest amount was in the 0 day. On the other side, results showed in 0 day samples 5 and 2, in 45 and 60 days samples 3 and 4 had the highest and lowest %RSA, respectevily. Also, there was a difference significant between treatment levels. The results showed that the natural antioxidations α-tocopherol and palmitate ascorbyl are a useful additives to reduce lipid oxidation in frankfurter sausage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Identification of Fe3+ content in Epidote from Varan, Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc, Iran: using FTIR and Raman spectroscopy
Bahman Rahimzadeh Zheira Ghosoun Fariborz Masoudi -
Open Access Article
85 - Microbiostratigraphy of upper Cretaceous deposits (Bangestan Group) in the northwestern flank of Sepid Kuh anticline, W Iran
Iraj Maghfouri Moghaddam Keyvan Khaksar Ghamarnaz Darabi Zahra Rahomo rokrok Ziba Besharati -
Open Access Article
86 - Evaluation of the Impact of Urban Development on the Climate Change in Mashhad Metropolis, Using Iranian Leopold Matrix and Pastakia Matrix
zohreh moradi Maryam Daneshvar -
Open Access Article
87 - Identifying the Dimensions and Components of the Health-oriented Urban Form with An Emphasis on the Epidemic Disease: A systematic scoping review
Helia Sareminia Fatemeh Mohammadniay Gharaei sanaz saeidi mofrad Sulmaz Ghahramani -
Open Access Article
88 - Measuring the indicators and potential of infill development in Qazvin city
Vahid Atashgaran Seyyed Mohammadreza Khatibi Maryam Khastou -
Open Access Article
89 - Evaluation of the Environmental Impact of Khurshid Park through Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM)
Sanaz Saeedi Mofrad Mahdi Taleb Elm Ali Izadi -
Open Access Article
90 - Dissociative Identity Disorder In Sepideh Shamloo Novel: "Sorkhey Tou Az Man"
نرگس OskouiDissociative identity disordet is a rare entity's disintegration, often resulted of emotional trauma caused by sexual abuse in childhood.The Shamloo novel; called "Sorkhey tou az man"(The literal translation is, my yellow is yours, and your red is mine. This is a purifi MoreDissociative identity disordet is a rare entity's disintegration, often resulted of emotional trauma caused by sexual abuse in childhood.The Shamloo novel; called "Sorkhey tou az man"(The literal translation is, my yellow is yours, and your red is mine. This is a purification rite. Loosely translated, this means you want the fire to take your pallor, sickness, and problems and in turn give you redness, warmth, and energy) was reviewed in this paper. The reviewed novel was written with a focus on such a mental illness. The novel tried to implement the storyboard techniques (associations, suspense, characterization, symbolism, etc.) and psychoanalysis procedures (hypnosis, counseling, purify the mind, etc.) to describe significant social problem. In addition, the novel based on a feminine look and critically dicussed many other family and social problems (suicide, prostitution, etc.). This paper- through "interdisciplinary research methods" assessed how such personality disorder was described in the novel and the method utilized for characterization and narrative, storytelling and psychoanalysis as well as explore the ways in which different layers of narration was processed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Patriotism in the Persian resistance poetry
مسعود باوان پوری نرگس لرستانی الهام ابراهیمی حدیثه متولیPatriotism or love for the homeland is one of the Human achievements in history and part of main themes of contemporary poets in the Persian. Among the poets, Iran are Farokhi Yazdi , Nasime- e SHomal, Sepideh Kashni and tahereh safarzadeh whom the feel of love for home MorePatriotism or love for the homeland is one of the Human achievements in history and part of main themes of contemporary poets in the Persian. Among the poets, Iran are Farokhi Yazdi , Nasime- e SHomal, Sepideh Kashni and tahereh safarzadeh whom the feel of love for homeland everywhere Poems, clearly manifested. The parts of the poem poet poetry of resistance in the world, with Iran will manifest. In this poem, the poet can be shared means like homeland, freedom and justice, and praise the heroes and martyrs of the homeland Invitation to fight for the country and Plant seed of hope for the future bright home has observed. The poet expresses his love for her homeland of symbols and myths to refer to the enemies of his country and the colonists were used and could spur with this work the people of his country to stability and resistance to oppression and oppressors time. The present article is to highlight the love poetry of the poet's Common themes in the poetry of their political, social and related Patriotism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - literary Creativity in poetry Shamloos
roya parvin mansoure tadayoni Masoud Pakdel sima mansooriAbstract Ahmad Shamloo, a contemporary Iranian poet, by understanding the existing capacities in Persian language and mastering classical literature, especially prose texts, and his unique creativity, by using various linguistic techniques and achieving the natural aspe MoreAbstract Ahmad Shamloo, a contemporary Iranian poet, by understanding the existing capacities in Persian language and mastering classical literature, especially prose texts, and his unique creativity, by using various linguistic techniques and achieving the natural aspects of speech and music by changing In the structure and content of poetry, Nimai was able to establish another type of poetry, which we call Sepid poetry, so the purpose of this study is to show literary creativity, using linguistic tricks and techniques and new conceptualizations. Relying on a collection of poems is included. The desired data has been collected using first and second hand sources in the library environment. Then, based on the objectives and dimensions of the present study, the data have been studied in a descriptive-analytical manner. The naturalness of the word and the political and social outlook combined with the weight of the words that have highlighted and distinguished his poetry. And tell how the poet has changed the structure and content of contemporary Iranian poetry and established a new style of poetryKeywords: Ahmad Shamloo, Literary Creativity,, Sepid Poetry, Phonotactics, Linguistic tricks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - mention of the personalities of the Islamic Revolution and the Sacred Defense in the collection " Sorod Sepideh" by Hamid Sabzevari
mayam haddad Rostam Amani Hamid Reza FarzaiThe Islamic Revolution and the sacred defense were carried out with the help of a man whose name is eternal in Iranian history. Poetry is one of the cultural contexts of the immortality of these characters. Ever since the murmurings of the revolution were heard in the s MoreThe Islamic Revolution and the sacred defense were carried out with the help of a man whose name is eternal in Iranian history. Poetry is one of the cultural contexts of the immortality of these characters. Ever since the murmurings of the revolution were heard in the society, all-poets, along with the people, have dedicated their poetry to the recounting of the events of the revolution and its subsequent sacred defense, and explaining the characterization of enduring personalities has become one of the main themes of these poems. One of the most prominent poets of this period is Hamid Sabzevari, who was given the title of "Father of Poetry of the Islamic Revolution" for recounting the events of the Islamic Revolution and the sacred defense.In a section of “Dawn song”, he has introduced and described revolutionary personalities and sacred defense. In this study, these characters, and the approach the poet has in describing them have been introduced. Three groups of: the figures of the revolution, warriors and martyrs of the sacred defense have always been praised and in contrast, enemies and hypocrites have been rebuked; he has written poetry directly about characters such as Imam Khomeini (Supreme Leader), Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Motahhari, Taleghani, Montazeri, Beheshti, Rajai and Bahonar, Hossein Ayat, Mustafa Chamran, and refer to them in poems from Among them.His attention is paid very highly to the personality of Imam Khomeini Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The methods of postmodernism in the Iranian novel Sepideh-Dam based on Brian McHale's theory
Sahar Alikahi Latifeh Salamat Bavil Alireza SalehiPostmodernist theories are divided into two main groups. The first group includes the theories of people like Brillois, Peter Whalen and David Lodge, who provide a list of postmodernist components (uncertainty, paranoia, temporal disorder, etc.). In the second group, th MorePostmodernist theories are divided into two main groups. The first group includes the theories of people like Brillois, Peter Whalen and David Lodge, who provide a list of postmodernist components (uncertainty, paranoia, temporal disorder, etc.). In the second group, the most significant theory has been proposed by Brian McHale, who uses the concept of "dominant element" in Russian-formalism to explain postmodernism and considers the characteristic of postmodernism to be existentialism (as opposed to epistemology, which is the dominant element of modernism).In order to achieve this goal, first of all, the methods and components of the Iranian novel "Sapidh-Dam" are extracted and the elements of the story, concept, form, or form are examined. Then, based on Brian McHale's prevailing theory, which considers the characteristic of postmodern stories to be ontological discussions, it is determined to what extent these methods and components play a role in highlighting the ontological elements of the work. The result shows that in this novel, the author has made good use of the technique of polyphony, uncertainty, short connection, incoherence of the mind and confusion of the characters... in the best way. He placed his novel next to postmodern works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Effect of Concurrent Lower Body Endurance Training and Upper Body Resistance on CRP, Blood Lipid Profile and Endurance and Resistance Performance of Overweight and Obese Girls
Khalid Mohamadzadeh salamat parisa mokri babamiriThis study investigated the effect of 12weeks of lower body endurance training (LBET, 40 min endurance training on ergometer), upper body resistance training (UBRT, 40 min upper body resistance training), concurrent endurance and resistance training (CERT, 20 min lower MoreThis study investigated the effect of 12weeks of lower body endurance training (LBET, 40 min endurance training on ergometer), upper body resistance training (UBRT, 40 min upper body resistance training), concurrent endurance and resistance training (CERT, 20 min lower body endurance + upper body resistance training) and control (C, no training) on CRP, serum lipids and lipoproteins, VO2max, and maximum strength of leg pressures (LP) and chest press (CP) in overweight girls. Forty-eight overweight and obese girls (BMI> 25 kg / m2) were randomly divided into four equally numbers groups. Measurements were performed before the beginning of the training and 24 hours after the last training session. The results showed a significant difference in CRP (P = 0.001), LDL-C (P = 0.014), cholesterol (P = 0.001) and VO2max (P = 0.001) between LBET and UBRT and also in CRP groups (P = 0.031) and LP (P = 0.008) between LBET and UBRT groups. However, there was no significant difference in HDL-C and TG between groups (P> 0.05). After the training, there was a significant decrease in LDL-C and TG concentrations in all intervention groups and CRP, HDL-C, VO2max, CP and cholesterol in LBET and CERT groups (P <0.05). Also, there was a significant increase in CP in UBRT and CERT groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that doing concurrent training with the allocation of half the duration of each of LBET and UBRT interventions, improves the inflammation, lipid profiles, and endurance and resistance performance of overweight and obese girls. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Necessity of adopting neighborhood-oriented participatory planning approach in revitalizing worn-out urban tissues using factor analysis method (Study example: Sartpoule neighborhood, Sanandaj)
saman salavati ali alavi khatereh ramazanipoorUrban managers have always tried to achieve their goals in order to achieve urban development and management by attracting people's participation at the neighborhood level. Participation of citizens at the neighborhood level is one of the important principles of stabili MoreUrban managers have always tried to achieve their goals in order to achieve urban development and management by attracting people's participation at the neighborhood level. Participation of citizens at the neighborhood level is one of the important principles of stability and democracy in urban societies. Considering the importance of participation in neighborhood development and urban management, the aim of this research is to adopt a neighborhood-oriented participatory planning approach in the revitalization of worn-out urban tissues and to identify the most important criteria that have the greatest effect on neighborhood-oriented participation in the revival of worn-out tissues. The current research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. Sampling was purposeful and out of 308 households in the neighborhood, 50 heads of households were selected for questioning using Cochran's formula with a confidence level of 93%. The results were analyzed through SPSS software, including path analysis tests and factor analysis tests. The results of the analysis showed that the indicators related to social dimensions; Economic and management have had the greatest impact on worn-out tissues of Sartpoule neighborhood of Sanandaj city with weighted average (4.45, 3.739, 5.112). Also, through path analysis, the factors that have a direct and indirect effect on the improvement of the quality of the worn tissues of the target area were identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Design a fractal innovation model with a sustainable approach in a chaotic environment
Amir Mehrbanpajooh Ghanbar Abbaspour Asghar Moshabaki Esfahani Gholamreza Hashemzadeh KhorasganiToday,sustainable innovation has become-one-of the requirements of-the-world,so that most managers and production-activists-who are concerned about the environment,use this type of innovation in order to be sustainable in a turbulent and turbulent economic environmen MoreToday,sustainable innovation has become-one-of the requirements of-the-world,so that most managers and production-activists-who are concerned about the environment,use this type of innovation in order to be sustainable in a turbulent and turbulent economic environment,as well as to adapt to it.Due to its unique characteristics,fractal innovation is closely related to the concepts of sustainability(social and ecological) because this view of innovation seeks to minimize resources(raw materials,production resources,energy, water,waste-and-financial resources).The purpose of this study is to provide a model that can be used to consider the dynamics of innovation and business sustainability factors.Also,the present study is quantitative and-exploratory.In this-study,the-components of the fractal innovation model of sustainability were classified using Heidegger method and their originality was measured using the Iranian matrix method.In addition,in order to prioritize the components over the indicators,-the rapid impact assessment matrix method was used, then the four-level focal model was used to present the model.The statistical population of this research is science and technology parks active in the field of innovation in Iran,ten of which were selected as a sample(expert)and with the help of interviews and distribution of questionnaires,the data obtained with the help of Excel software were analyzed.As a result,30components of the fractal sustainable innovation were founded,the most important components included components of circular economy,large scale change,external capability,resource efficiency,stakeholder co-creation,competitive evaluation,economical innovation is the most important and prioritized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Investigating the underlying factors improve the perceived level of the team creativity and its impact on organizational entrepreneurship
Mehdi Rashidi Sayyid Ali Banihashemi Batoul DonyaeeIntroductionOrganizational entrepreneurship is one of the ways for government organizations and institutions to respond to environmental requirements. Many organizations have turned to team-based systems to increase accountability and work to foster innovation and creat MoreIntroductionOrganizational entrepreneurship is one of the ways for government organizations and institutions to respond to environmental requirements. Many organizations have turned to team-based systems to increase accountability and work to foster innovation and creativity. In today's organizations, most of the departments of the organization act like a team and cooperate with each other to achieve the goals of the organization. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that improve the level of team creativity and its impact on organizational entrepreneurship.MethodThe present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational details in terms of data collection method. This research has been done in government offices of Sarayan city. Data collection tools were standard questionnaires. After confirming the validity and reliability of the instrument, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS software using structural equation modeling.ResultsThe results showed that team interaction behaviors, rapid team trust, conflict and interdependence of tasks have a significant effect on the level of team creativity. Also, the level of performance of team creativity has a significant effect on organizational entrepreneurship.DiscussionAccording to the findings of this study, use of work teams causes creativity. On the other hand, creativity is the main element of organizational entrepreneurship. Organizations in which new ideas are supported and progress quickly and go along with environmental changes, better identify opportunities and take advantage of them. By removing them, they differentiate themselves from other organizations and become entrepreneurial organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Evaluation of environmental effects of Ayoshan Dam using Leopold and Matrix modified matrix method
MahmoudReza Maghouli Mahmoud Zakeri Niri Masomeh SohrabiMajor Dam construction projects have increased due to the widespread climate change, because of increased drought, human population growth and, consequently, increased global demand for energy and water. However, without comprehensive research, a large project such as a MoreMajor Dam construction projects have increased due to the widespread climate change, because of increased drought, human population growth and, consequently, increased global demand for energy and water. However, without comprehensive research, a large project such as a dam will have an irreversible and unpredictable impact on the environment. A survey on the history of dam construction projects shows that many of them have been designed and exploited regardless of environmental considerations, thus causing various contamination and destruction of major parts of natural resources have been. In this research, the environmental impacts of the Eyvashan earth dam were identified in two phases of construction and exploitation on biological, physical-chemical, economic-social, cultural and strategic environments, using Leopold modified matrix and rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM). The results showed that the most negative and negative effects in the construction phases and exploitation in the modified Leopold matrix and the Rapid Impact Assessment matrix related to the physical-chemical environment. In addition, the most positive effects in construction and exploitation phases for the modified Leopold matrix are related to the strategic and socio-economic environments and for the matrix of the assessment of the Rapid Impact Assessment of the socioeconomic environment on both phases. The results show a very good fit between the two matrices and confirm the accuracy of the results in the environmental assessment of the Eyvashan Dam in two stages of construction and exploitation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Elemental Pollution of Au, Cu, Ag in West of Baghat (North of Hajiabad)
Mohamad Poosti Abdolhamid Amiri Mashalah Moradi Shazdi SafariThe study area is Sanandaj-Sirjan zone in Hormozgan province. The place has undergone great metamorphismand magmatism and is the most active structural region of Iran, from geological perspective. Magmatism andmetamorphism processes caused noticeable increase in the pot MoreThe study area is Sanandaj-Sirjan zone in Hormozgan province. The place has undergone great metamorphismand magmatism and is the most active structural region of Iran, from geological perspective. Magmatism andmetamorphism processes caused noticeable increase in the potentiality of the mineral elements in the region.Gold, iron, copper, chromite, porcelain and stone façade and silica are the main potential elements. The area ismainly formed by Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks. According to geochemical studies of rocks and rivers, theamount of gold shows 4 times and coppers, 116 times of Clark enrichment limit. Based on the geochemical dataand XRD data analysis and the existence of the collection of minerals such as chlorite, epidote, albite, calcite,and pyrite, the possibility of having a zone of alteration zone propylitic is very high. Also, in some areas, due tothe abundance of epidote it is possible to find epidotic alteration. Penetration of Andezites into limestone rockscauses Pyrite and Hematite alteration. Due to the porosity of the limestone and the alterations mentioned, thelimestone (western part of the area) is a suitable context for copper and gold mineralization which needs furtherresearch. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Efficiency and residue levels of a new acaricide, Oberon Speed® (SC, 24%) for control of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Prostigmata) on greenhouse cucumber
Fariba Ardeshir Payman Namvar Mohammad Reza Bagheri Vahideh Mahdavi Ahmad HeidariTwo spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the most important pests of agricultural products that damages many plants, including cucumber in greenhouses. A new acaricide Oberon Speed®) abamectin, EC 8.1% + spiromesifen, SC 24% (0.4 ml/l and 0.5ml/l w MoreTwo spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the most important pests of agricultural products that damages many plants, including cucumber in greenhouses. A new acaricide Oberon Speed®) abamectin, EC 8.1% + spiromesifen, SC 24% (0.4 ml/l and 0.5ml/l was compared to Kanemite® (acequinocyl, SC 15%) 1.25 ml/l, Danisaraba® (Cyflumetofen, SC 20%), 1 ml/l and control treatment (Water spraying) for efficacy against spider mite under greenhouses condition in Kerman (Jiroft city) and Isfahan (Isfahan city) provinces. Sampling of each treatment was done at one day before spraying then 3, 7 and 14 days after spraying respectively. The percentage of efficiency was calculated using Henderson-Tilton formula and statistical analysis was conducted using SAS software with randomized complete block design. In two provinces, the mean mortality of treatments was significant. In Jiroft, the mean mite mortality of Oberon Speed® 0.5 ml/l at 3 and 7 was 89.57% and 91.57% and the efficacy declined on 14th day (63.90%). During the test, Kanemite® and Oberon Speed® 0.4 ml/l caused mortality in the range of 76.30-89.04% and 56.89-75.63%. In Isfahan, the efficacy of Oberon Speed® 0.4 ml/l and 0.5 ml/l was 74.08-63.99% and 91.9.-79.61% respectively and Danisaraba® effected 71.98-87.38%. Result showed that mite mortality of Oberon Speed® 0.5 ml/l recorded more than 74.73% in both provinces and it can be recommended for control of spider mite in greenhouse cucumbers; there were no residues of Oberon Speed® 0.4 ml/l and 0.5 ml/l, after 7 days spraying. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Biosurfactants: Environmentally friendly pesticides
Nooshin Fazaeli Nima Bahador Shahram HesamiBiosurfactants are amphiphilic surface active molecules that are produced by microorganisms such as the bacteria, fungi, and yeasts. Nowadays, these compounds are highly regarded in pest management due to their low toxicity, biological decomposition, optimal activity in MoreBiosurfactants are amphiphilic surface active molecules that are produced by microorganisms such as the bacteria, fungi, and yeasts. Nowadays, these compounds are highly regarded in pest management due to their low toxicity, biological decomposition, optimal activity in harsh environmental conditions and environment-friendly nature. Recently, the insecticidal activity of biosurfactants obtained from different bacterial species has been reported. Therefore, considering the role of biosurfactants in the production of new insecticides and the environmental management of pests, in this paper, the use of biosurfactants in controlling agricultural pests and the direct antimicrobial activities of these compounds against plant pathogens have been investigated. Also, how the immune system of plants is stimulated by rhamnolipids and lipopeptides, which leads to plant resistance against plant pathogens, has been investigated. So that further research in this field can lead to the replacement of these biological pesticides instead of synthetic ones, and in the future, the effects of these pesticides on pests' histology and the optimization of their production can be studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Taxonomic study of the soil laelapid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) in different habitats of Shahrood region-Iran
Parisa Ghorani Masoud Hakimitabar Omid Joharchi Hamed GhobariLaelapidae is a large and cosmopolitan family comprises a multitude of morphologically and behaviorally diverse mites that are free-living predators that inhabit soil-litter habitats or associated with arthropods, mammals, or birds. This study is based on survey on soil MoreLaelapidae is a large and cosmopolitan family comprises a multitude of morphologically and behaviorally diverse mites that are free-living predators that inhabit soil-litter habitats or associated with arthropods, mammals, or birds. This study is based on survey on soil inhabiting Laelapidae that was carried in 2015 from different habitats of Shahrood region. Soils and litter were collected then transferred to laboratory and put in Berlese-Tullgren funnel. Mites were extracted using it. Specimens were preserved in 75% ethanol and cleared in Lactic acid. Mites were then directly mounted into Faure medium on microscopic slides. Figures were capture and measurements were calculated using a CH2 Olympus microscope. In this study, 19 species belonging 10 genera and three subfamilies were collected and identified, all species considered as new records for the mite’s fauna of Semnan Province. Identified species are as follows: Subfamily Hypoaspidinae: Cosmolaelaps rectangularis (Sheals, 1926); Cosmolaelaps vacua (Michael, 1891); Cosmolaelaps lutegiensis (Shcherbak, 1971); Gaeolaelaps aculieifer (Canestrini, 1884); Gaeolaelaps angusta (Karg, 1965); Gaeolaelaps kargi (Costa, 1968); Gaeolaelaps nolli (Karg, 1962); Gaeolaelaps queenslandicus (Womersley, 1956); Euandrolaelaps karaawaiewi (Berlese 1903); Euandrolaelaps sardoa (Berles, 1911); Pseudoparasitus dentatus (Halbert, 1920); Pseudoparasitus hajiganbari Kazemi, 2014; Ololaelaps gamagarensis (Jordaan & Loots, 1987); Subfamily Melittiphidinae: Laelaspis pennatus (Joharchi & Halliday, 2012); Laelaspis dariusi Joharchi & Jalaeian, 2012; Laelaspisella berlesi; Joharchi, 2016 Gymnolaelaps myrmophilus (Michael, 1891);. Subfamily Laelapinae: Haemolaelaps shealsi (Costa, 1968); Haemolaelaps casalis (Berlese, 1887). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Designing and Manufacturing of Test Set Up for Rapid Crack Propagation Test with Experimental Measurement of Tip Crack Growth Speed in Transmission pipes
Sayed Mahmoud Madani Mohammadreza Forouzan Ali Reza SalehianGas and liquid transmission is a routine activity in the oil industry, powerhouses, petrochemicals and nuclear industries. The pipes are exposed to micro cracks in the inner and outer surface due to factors like corrosion and fatigue in the manufacturing process. If the MoreGas and liquid transmission is a routine activity in the oil industry, powerhouses, petrochemicals and nuclear industries. The pipes are exposed to micro cracks in the inner and outer surface due to factors like corrosion and fatigue in the manufacturing process. If the aligned cracks are all over, the rapid crack growth phenomenon occurs. In this case, crack will grow at high speed along the pipe axis. In this research that has been conducted for the first time in the country, the measurement of the growth rate of the crack tip is done in two ways: High-Speed camera and timing wire system in the seamless aluminum 6063-T5 pipes. The bursting pressure of the specimens with the initial crack depth of 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 mm are 70, 65 and 58 bar. The resulting growth rates in High-Speed camera and timing wire system is about 120 to 132 and 120 to 126 m/s. The qualitative results of this research matches well with other researches in this field in other journals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Multivariable Optimal Control of Fuel inlet and IGV Parameters of Gas Turbine via PID-PSO Controller in presence of Noise
Mojtaba HasanluMulti variable control of fuel inlet (FI) and inlet gas vane (IGV) parameters of gas turbine via PID controller in presence of noise, that is discussed in this paper. Nowadays, there is undoubtedly main rules(energy harvesting and high efficiency) of gas turbine in vari MoreMulti variable control of fuel inlet (FI) and inlet gas vane (IGV) parameters of gas turbine via PID controller in presence of noise, that is discussed in this paper. Nowadays, there is undoubtedly main rules(energy harvesting and high efficiency) of gas turbine in various industries. Researchers think and discover about different physical parameters of gas turbine. So, they can present model of complicate gas turbine in order to model should be near reality structure and also gas turbine model has more perfect features. Therefore, fuel FI and IGV are critical parameters for increasing and decreasing efficiency of system of gas turbine, where are effected on power system. In this research, we are modeling and simulating gas turbine in frequency and time domains respectively, for controlling FI and IGV parameters based on PID controller in existence of noise signals. PID coefficients are determined on trail and error approach, in order to system preserve or track its velocity, power and temperature of outlet gas in nominal and reference values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Influence of low electromagnetic field on photosynthetic apparatus and the amount of soluble sugar content in Lepidium sativum L.
Elham bagheri Abyaneh Ahmad Majd Sayeh JafariAbsract This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (60 Hz) on photosynthesis apparatus and the amount of soluble sugar in Lepidium sativum L. Seeds were divided to dry and wet groups. In terms of wet group, seeds w MoreAbsract This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (60 Hz) on photosynthesis apparatus and the amount of soluble sugar in Lepidium sativum L. Seeds were divided to dry and wet groups. In terms of wet group, seeds were soaked in water for 7 and 14 h. Dry and wet seeds were placed in the middle of a horizontally fixed coil and were exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic of a magnitude of 3.8 mT, for 30 and 60 minutes. Results demonstrated that the amount of chlorophyll a and b did not show the significant increase and the amount of chlorophyll ratio did not have any significant decrease. In addition, carotenoid, flavonoid content and membrane lipid peroxidation increased significantly and the amount of soluble sugar content declined significantly. Results confirms that the influence of electromagnetic field on carotenoid and flavonoids as well as membrane lipids caused the decrease of photosynthesis efficacy, and consequently caused the decline of the amount of soluble sugar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Effect of Aerobic Training on Serum Levels of Apolipoprotein M, Lipid and Metabolic Profiles in Young Sedentary Obese Women
Masoomeh Azami Najmeh RezaeianPurpose of this study was to investigate effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of ApoM, lipids profile and insulin resistance index in obese women.Twenty obese womenwere divided into experimental and control groups (10 ones in each) homogenized according MorePurpose of this study was to investigate effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of ApoM, lipids profile and insulin resistance index in obese women.Twenty obese womenwere divided into experimental and control groups (10 ones in each) homogenized according to the body mass index. Subjects in experimental group participated in twelve weeks of aerobic running training at intensity of 50-75 percentage of reserve heart rate, 30-55 minutes per session and five sessions per week. Blood sampling was performed immediately before the first session and 48 hours after the last training session to assess blood factors. Statistical analysis was done by Covariance, paired t-test and Pearson correlation at significant level of P<0.05.According to covariance, there existed significant differences between two groups of experimental and control for changes in levels of ApoM insulin fasting glucose triglyceride cholesterol HDL and LDL insulin resistance index weight body fat percentage waist and hip circumferences. T-test findings showed 12 weeks of aerobic training resulted in significant decreases in levels of ApoM and HDL accompanied with significant decreases in levels of insulin fasting glucose triglyceride cholesterol and LDL insulin resistance index and anthropometric indices (P<0.05) in experimental group in post-test compared to pre-test. However, there were significant positive correlation between changes in serum levels of Apom following 12 weeks of aerobic training with changes in cholestrol levels.It seems that 12 weeks of aerobic training can improve body composition, lipid profile and insulin resistance, despite the deccreases in serum levels of ApoM. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - The effect of eight weeks of water-based training on myonectin serum level, Lipid profile and fat percentage in overweight and obese women
Sadegh Cheragh Birjandi Sara Asghari katayoon aziziAbstractBackground and Aims: Myonectin is a newly known myokine that is secreted from skeletal muscle and is related to the metabolic status of the body, The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of water-based training on myonectin serum MoreAbstractBackground and Aims: Myonectin is a newly known myokine that is secreted from skeletal muscle and is related to the metabolic status of the body, The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of water-based training on myonectin serum level, lipid profile and fat percentage in overweight and obese women.Methods: 20 obese and overweight women with an average age of 22.5 years and an average body mass index of 26.48 kg/m2 were randomly selected and then divided into experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. The exercise group did their exercises for eight weeks (three sessions per week), each exercise session was 60 minutes and included three stages. 24 hours before the first training session and 48 hours after the last session, blood sampling from the brachial vein was taken (10 ml) from the subjects in the condition of 12 hours of fasting. Statistical analysis was done at the significance level of P≤0.05 with SPSS software.Results: Data analysis showed that eight weeks of water-based training increased the serum levels of myonectin (p=0.037) and HDL (p=0.028) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Also, the amount of cholesterol (p=0.000) and triglyceride (P=0.001) decreased significantly in the experimental group, but the difference in LDL index after eight weeks of training between the two groups was not significant (P=0.131).Conclusion: Therefore, it seems that water-based training can be effective and used for overweight and obese women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Design of PID Controller for Teleopration System with Genetic Algorithm
Mohammad Esmaeil akbari -
Open Access Article
110 - Optimal Controller for Single Phase Island Photovoltaic Systems
Mohammad Esmaeil akbar Noradin Ghadimi -
Open Access Article
111 - Optimization of PID Controller with Supervisory Fuzzy Control for Industrial Robots
Masoud Solouki Mehran Ansarin Maryam Torabi Abbas Nematia Yeganeh Bakhshizadeh -
Open Access Article
112 - The reduction coefficient of PID controller by using PSO algorithm method for Flexible single-arm robot system
Mohammad Mehdi Moradi -
Open Access Article
113 - An overview of aircraft control procedures in the presence of operator failure
Saeed Barghandan Masoud Solouki -
Open Access Article
114 - A Novel Self-tuning Zone PID Controller for Temperature Control via a PLC code
abbas rezaei ashtiyani majid ghandchi -
Open Access Article
115 - Development of a regeneration model based on neo-urbanism with an emphasis on the socio-cultural dimension in run-down urban neighborhoods (Case study: District 7 of Isfahan)
Parisa Mohseni Keramatollah Ziari Masoud Elahi Mohammadreza Khatibi -
Open Access Article
116 - Studying the Effect of Horizontal Drains on Stability of Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Earth Dams during Rapid Drawdown Condition
Alireza Hajiani Boushehrian Azadeh Rezaee Arash Vafamand -
Open Access Article
117 - Epidemiological Study of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Nurses of boshehr city
Masoud sayady Elahe poladi reishehry S.Mosa GolestaneThe present project studied epidemiology of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) in Boshehr nurses. These nurses were employed at educational hos- pitals under the auspices of Boshehr Universities of Medical Sciences. The project’s subjects were 406 nurses all of them s MoreThe present project studied epidemiology of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) in Boshehr nurses. These nurses were employed at educational hos- pitals under the auspices of Boshehr Universities of Medical Sciences. The project’s subjects were 406 nurses all of them selected through census sampling from the city of Boshehr and all participants were selected by census method. To collect data, the followings were used: General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Chalder of Fatigue Scale (COFS), Krupp Fatigue Severity Scale (KFSS), Whitely Index (WI), and clinical interviews. This evaluation showed that the prevalence of CFS was 17.5% in all nurses under study. The results showed levels of fatigue in 355 nurses was normal and in 51 of nurses was highly. According to the results of the high prevalence of chronic fatigue in nurses in Bushehr in comparison with other studies in this area and the importance of the treatment and prevention of this disorder is very impressive Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - The Effects of Using Different Levels of Mannanoligosaccharides on the Performance, Carcass Characteristic and Blood Fat Profile of Broiler Chickens
M. Afrouzie B. Golizadeh A. Manaf HossainiA complete randomized experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels of mannanoligosaccharides (0, 1, 2 and 3 g/kg into the basal diets) on growth performance, carcass characteristic and blood lipid profile in broiler chicks. Six hundred one day old Ro MoreA complete randomized experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels of mannanoligosaccharides (0, 1, 2 and 3 g/kg into the basal diets) on growth performance, carcass characteristic and blood lipid profile in broiler chicks. Six hundred one day old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 5 treatments. Each treatment consisted of 6 replicates and there were 20 chicks in each replicate. In this experiment, avilamicin antibiotic (10 mg/kg into the basal diet) was used as a positive control. The obtained in results starter period showed that, none of the growth performance parameters affected by adding prebiotic. Adding avilamicin also did not affect the parameters under study. By adding 2 and 3 g/kg prebiotic or avilamicin into basal diet weight gain improved as compared with control diet (P<0.05) and feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in diet supplemented by 3 g/kg prebiotic or avilamicin in comparison with control diet (P<0.05). In finisher period, supplementing 2 and 3 g/kg prebiotic or avilamicin to the diet at the final growth period improved feed conversion ratio and weight gain significantly (P<0.05) as compared with the control diet. Addition 2 and 3 g/kg prebiotic to the diet decreased abdominal fat pad (as a percentage of live weight) significantly as compared with control diet, but its difference with diet supplemented by avilamicin was not significant. Only, in diet supplemented by 3 g/kg prebiotic the level of serum cholesterol was lower as compared with control diet (P<0.05). It seems that the best levels of mannanoligosaccharides were 2 and 3 g/kg of broiler diets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - The Effect of Salicylic Acid on Some Physiological Reactions of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Under Salinity Stress
A. Pasandi Pour H. Farahbakhsh M. Saffari B. KaramatThis study performed to investigate the effects different concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM) on membrane lipid peroxidation of fenugreek under levels of salinity stress (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) in hydroponic condition. The experiment con MoreThis study performed to investigate the effects different concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM) on membrane lipid peroxidation of fenugreek under levels of salinity stress (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) in hydroponic condition. The experiment conducted as factorial, in completely randomized design with three replications. Results showed that in plants treated with salinity, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents were reduced in comparison with control plants. However, the salinity increased MDA, other aldehydes, catalase and peroxidase activity in shoots. Results also indicted that applying salicylic acid, especially with concentration of 10 and 15µM, increased the membrane lipid peroxidation and decreased the membrane stability index as compared to the control plants. Results also showed that using 5µM salicylic acid did not significantly improve the salt stress effects compared to the control plants. However, concentration of 20µM salicylic acid increased stress, and decreased the above mentioned parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Effects of Water Deficit Stress and Biological and Chemical Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Two Sorghum Cultivars
Nushin Mohamadzamani Omidali Akbarpour Mani Mojaddam Tayeb Sakinejad Alireza ShokuhfarSorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) is one of the most important forage crops in the cereal family. Due to its adaptation to arid condition and high-water use efficiency, it may produce satisfactory seed yields in arid conditions. The present study was conducted in Khorram MoreSorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) is one of the most important forage crops in the cereal family. Due to its adaptation to arid condition and high-water use efficiency, it may produce satisfactory seed yields in arid conditions. The present study was conducted in Khorramabad province during two crop years of 2016 - 2017. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split-factorial arrangement with four replications. The stress factor was assigned to main plots through three levels of irrigation, normal irrigation, and irrigation at vegetative and reproductive stages, and sub-factor to subplots, consisted of three levels of biofertilizer, soil NPK application, soil vermicompost application, and vermicompost and chemical fertilizer combining with Sepideh and Kimia cultivars. Initially, combined analysis of variance was performed. Due to the lack of significant year effect and its interaction effects by different factors, analysis of variances was performed on two years data. The effects of stress and the interaction effects of cultivar by stress and fertilizer on some traits were measured. It was found that the quantitative, qualitative and phonological indices of sorghum were directly negatively affected by stress at the reproductive stage. On the other hand, the effect of vermicompost fertilizer on the studied traits was significant and positive. Sepideh possessed the highest vahues for those traits except for protein percent, in comparison to Kimia. Grain yield was about 8 ton at irrigation-interrupt during vegetative stage for Sepideh and 4.36 t.ha-1 for Kimia, but grain yield at irrigation-interrupt during reproductive stage was 7.67 and 4.45 t.ha-1 for Sepideh and Kimia, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Effect of Heavy Metals Cu and Pb on Some Growth Characteristics, Proline Content and Lipid Peroxidation in Two Varieties of Mung Bean (Vigna radiate)
مهدی Kehstegar S.A. Afshar S.F. NematpourHeavy metal contaminations of agricultural fields, due to use of industrial waste water and excessive application of phosphate fertilizers, has become a major problem. Biological stability in soil for long-term, causes these metals accumulate in food chain and thus pote MoreHeavy metal contaminations of agricultural fields, due to use of industrial waste water and excessive application of phosphate fertilizers, has become a major problem. Biological stability in soil for long-term, causes these metals accumulate in food chain and thus potentially affect human health. To investigate the effects of copper and lead on growth parameters, lipid per oxidation, peroline content in two cultivars of mung bean, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. Copper used in three concentrations (0,150, 300 and 400mg/kg) and Pb in four concentration (0, 200, 400, 600mg/kg). After four weeks, plants grown in contaminated soil were collected and shoot height, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of shoot and root; proline content and lipid per oxidation in leaves were measured. The results showed that copper and lead had negative and toxic effect on the mung bean growth features. Generally with increasing concentrations of cu and Pb in soil, growth parameters were decreased. Between the two cultivars (Gohar and Sistan), Sistan was affected more than Gohar. Proline content and lipid peroxidation in treated mung bean were increased. Also Sistan cultivar showed more proline content and lipid per oxidation than Gohar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Condition Sale and Rent
Saeed Ebrahimi ali akbar izadifard hossein kaviarLeases are primarily concluded in the form of "mortgage or rent," in today common norm. Due to some legal objections govern on this type of contracts, jurists have raised suggestions including justification for the above contract in the form of conditions provided loans MoreLeases are primarily concluded in the form of "mortgage or rent," in today common norm. Due to some legal objections govern on this type of contracts, jurists have raised suggestions including justification for the above contract in the form of conditions provided loans or conditions of loan and deposit on the rental contract. Among the solutions proposed in this regard, there is a method has been provided by some scholars such as Ayatollah Sistani and it will be remembered as a condition of sale and lease contracts. Meanwhile, the question that arises is about the legitimacy of this contract. What are the different forms of this type of contract? Can we attribute them to the accuracy of the transaction in all given forms? The authors also explain the various assumptions discussed in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Investigation of changes in the qualitative, oxidative and microbial indices of minced and non-minced beef during the freezing storage
F. Taiar A. Gharekhani A. TukmechiOne of the best ways to preserve meat is to freeze it, which can keep the meat in a natural state without significant spoilage. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the effect of storage time (1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days) in freezing (temperature -18 ° C) on MoreOne of the best ways to preserve meat is to freeze it, which can keep the meat in a natural state without significant spoilage. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the effect of storage time (1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days) in freezing (temperature -18 ° C) on chemical properties (humidity, ash, fat and protein), oxidation indices (peroxide, Conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid), number of psychrophilic bacteria and structure of minced and non-minced beef fatty acids. The results showed that with increasing storage time, the amount of humidity and protein decreased, but the peroxide index, conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid increased and there was no significant change in the amount of fat and ash in the samples. However, oxidation indexes of peroxide, conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid in minced beef were not higher than minced meat. The maximum amount of peroxide (1.2 meqO2/kg) was related to the minced meat sample during 28 days of storage at freezing temperature. Based on gas chromatographic findings, there is no difference between minced meat and minced meat in terms of short chain fatty acids C10 to C20, and the amount of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in minced meat is higher than minced meat. The results of bacterial count showed that the number of psychrophilic bacteria in meat samples did not increase during storage of meat at freezing temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Effect of conventional cooking methods on lipid oxidation indices in lamb meat
آذین Pourkhalili مریم Mirlohi ابراهیم Rahimi محمد Hojatoleslami Lipid oxidation is one of the most deteriorative reactions occurred in foodstuff which has harmful impacts on the both food quality and consumer's health. This study was designed to speculate the influence of three conventional cooking methods including boi More Lipid oxidation is one of the most deteriorative reactions occurred in foodstuff which has harmful impacts on the both food quality and consumer's health. This study was designed to speculate the influence of three conventional cooking methods including boiling, frying and grilling on lipid oxidation parameters in cooked lamb meat. Sections of lamb meat from longissimus dorsi muscle, taken from native Lori-Bakhtiary sheep species were cut into uniform pieces and cooked using boiling, frying and roasting methods according to the cooking routine and tradition in Iranian society, in terms of temperature and time. Proximate compositions (moisture, lipid, ash and protein) in the raw and cooked meat were determined using the standard methods of analysis. Moreover, weight loss was measured after each treatment. Lipid oxidation parameters such as peroxide value, conjugated diene and TBARS indices were measured in the raw and cooked samples. Evaluation of lipid oxidation parameters showed that peroxide value was significantly decreased in all cooked samples. In contrast, conjugated diene value was significantly increased in the fried and grilled samples (p<0.05) while, boiling for 90 min was resulted in significant increase in TBARS number (p<0.05). Although compared to the other methods, lower temperature was applied in the boiling process; higher level of lipid oxidation was developed. This might be due to the longer cooking duration in boiling method. Therefore, in the future studies, reduction of boiling duration should be further assessed considering the microbial and nutritional point of views. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Epidemiological study of acute food poisoning recorded at Imam Khomeini Hospital of Kermanshah during 4 years period (2008-2011)
کیومرث Sharafi مسعود Moradi عبداله Dargahi زهرا Rezaee سروه Khamoushi مرضیه Naderi Foodborne diseases remain as one of the world’s major health problem that often poses severe and immediate danger. Epidemiological studies have essential role in identifying the contamination sources, transmission routes and prevalence rates of foodbo More Foodborne diseases remain as one of the world’s major health problem that often poses severe and immediate danger. Epidemiological studies have essential role in identifying the contamination sources, transmission routes and prevalence rates of foodborne diseases, as well as establishing the prevention/control strategies. The aim of this study was to conduct an epidemiological survey on acute foodborne diseases recorded at Imam Khomeini Hospital of Kermanshah during 4 years (2008-2011). For this, the information of patients was extracted using 165 medical files. Using Chi-Square test, the relationship between the occurrence of foodborne diseases and different variables was determined. Considering the season, gender and age of the patients, it was revealed that most incidences of foodborne diseases were observed in spring, male patients and age group of 15 to 30 years. The incidence trend of foodborne diseases was increased from 2008 to 2011. Moreover, there were a significant relationship among incidence of foodborne diseases with season, month, gender and age group (P < 0.01). According to the results it is crucial that the responsible authorities bring about the public educations to increase the public awareness using radio, TV shows, newspapers, and etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Seroprevalence and risk factors of equine influenza virus infection in horses of Khuzestan province
hamid Hashemi Mehrjardi MAHDI Pourmahdi Borujeni alireza Ghadrdan Mashhadi masoudreza Siefi abad shaporiEquine influenza is an acute, infectious and highly contagious respiratory disease with worldwide distribution, high morbidity and low mortality. The disease is caused by H7N7 and H3N8 subtypes of genus A of influenza virus in the horse. The most significant clinical si MoreEquine influenza is an acute, infectious and highly contagious respiratory disease with worldwide distribution, high morbidity and low mortality. The disease is caused by H7N7 and H3N8 subtypes of genus A of influenza virus in the horse. The most significant clinical signs of equine influenza are fever, coughing and nasal discharge. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Equine influenza in horses of Khuzestan province by ELISA assay. Blood samples were randomly collected from 184 horses from Ahvaz, Ramhormoz, Shush, Shushtar, Mahshahr and Abadan cities. Seroprevalence of influenza virus was 7.07% (95% CI: 3.97-10.77). Multivariate logistic regression showed that age, sex, history of respiratory disease, history of leaving the province, body condition score, type of use, herd size and geographical location justify 45 percent of fluctuations in infection. History of leaving the province was the only factor with a significant effect on infection (p<0.05). Relative frequency of positive cases with and without history of leaving the province was 16% and 92% respectively and odds of infection in horses with history of leaving the province was 20.57 (95% CI: 2.61-161.97) in comparison with horses without history of leaving the province and this factor justifies 21.6% of fluctuations in infection. This survey confirms that influenza virus exists in Khuzestan province and preventive and control measures should be considered by health authorities and horse owners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Biochemical effects of olive leaf extract in ovariectomized rats
M.R. Nasirzadeh jafar rahmani kahnamoeiEstrogen depletion in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized animals causes abnormalities in lipid metabolism, weight gain and fat accumulation in non-adipose tissues such as liver. On the other hand, estrogen replacement therapy may cause side effects including breast MoreEstrogen depletion in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized animals causes abnormalities in lipid metabolism, weight gain and fat accumulation in non-adipose tissues such as liver. On the other hand, estrogen replacement therapy may cause side effects including breast cancer. Olive leaf is a significant source of bioactive phenolic compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging capacity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Olive Leaf Extract (OLE) on liver enzymes, serum lipid profileand atherogenic index. For this purpose, 21 female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups: 1- control (intact animals), 2- ovariectomized: OVX ( ovaries removed by surgery) and 3- treatment group (OVX+received OLE) Which received 100 mg/kg OLE in 0.5 ml drinking water using gavage for 8 weeks. At the end of the treatment, levels of liver enzymes and serum lipid profiles were measured. Body weight was increased significantly in OVX group in comparison to control group (pp</em>˂0.05).This study showed that oral administration of 100 mg/kg/day of OLE for 8 weeks can prevent increase of lipid profile, liver enzymes and atherogenic index in serum of ovariectomized rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - The effects of pomegranate skin extract and powder on renal tissue structure following experimental cadmium poisoning in Japanese quail
Rahmat Allah Fatahian Dehkordi Mohammad Reza Alijani rasool rahimi Junqani Shahab BahadoranChronic exposure to cadmium, a trace metal, leads to poisoning in humans and animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pomegranate skin extract and powder on tissue structure of the kidneys following experimental cadmium poisoning in Japanese MoreChronic exposure to cadmium, a trace metal, leads to poisoning in humans and animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of pomegranate skin extract and powder on tissue structure of the kidneys following experimental cadmium poisoning in Japanese quail. For this purpose, 510 seven day old Japanese quail chicks were divided into 10 groups. Groups 1 and 2 served as negative control and cadmium poisoning control (20 ppm) respectively, groups 3 and 4 received 0.1% and 0.2% pomegranate skin extract along with 20 ppm of cadmium respectively, groups 5 and 6 received 1% and 2% pomegranate skin powder along with 20 ppm of cadmium respectively, groups 7 and 8 received 0.1% and 0.2% pomegranate skin extract respectively and groups 9 and 10 received 1% and 2% pomegranate skin powder respectively. On day 42, all birds were slaughtered and kidney samples were removed from the abdominal area and transferred to formalin, then 5 micrometer sections were prepared and stained and a stereological study was performed using a point grid. The results showed no significant difference between the groups in the number of distal tubules and the area of the interstitial tissue. However, significant differences were observed in the number of proximal tubules between groups 9 and 2. Pathologic findings also revealed tissue damages in treatment groups which had received cadmium. Cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in groups which had received 0.2% and 0.1% pomegranate skin extract along with cadmium in comparison to cadmium control group. It can be concluded that the use of pomegranate skin extract and powder does somewhat improve recovery conditions in the kidney structure after administration of cadmium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Evaluation of rapid detection and investigation of the presence of spv operon virulence genes in Salmonella isolates using simplex PCR and multiplex PCR molecular methods
Somayeh Yazdi-Amirkhiz Younes Anzabi Sanaz MahmaziThe traditional methods of diagnosing Salmonella which are time-consuming and sometimes problematic, are still used to identify Salmonella serotypes in clinical and food samples, but with the invention of rapid molecular detection methods, these problems have been large MoreThe traditional methods of diagnosing Salmonella which are time-consuming and sometimes problematic, are still used to identify Salmonella serotypes in clinical and food samples, but with the invention of rapid molecular detection methods, these problems have been largely eliminated. The present study aimed to rapidly detect different Salmonella isolates based on invA chromosomal gene search and also to identify acute isolates containing spv operon virulence genes. To this end, 20 human isolates of Salmonella were obtained from hospitals in Tabriz and 20 isolates of this bacterium were isolated from traditional cheese available on Tabriz consumer market. The molecular confirmation of isolates was first evaluated using specific primers of invA gene by simplex PCR method. Then, in order to evaluate the acute strains of the bacterium based on the presence of operon spv, the presence of spvA, B, C and R genes was examined by multiplex PCR using the relevant specific primers. The results showed that firstly, all isolates had molecular confirmation. Secondly, all 40 tested isolates had 3 spvA, C and R genes, but none of them had spvB gene. It seems that due to the limitations and problems in the traditional laboratory examination of Salmonella, PCR can be used as a rapid method to detect Salmonella infection. Also, the presence of 3 out of 4 virulence genes of opron spv in different Salmonella isolates in Tabriz region should be considered an undesirable finding, which emphasizes the need to further observe principles of control and prevention in animal and human communities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Comparison of oxidative stress between Cytauxzoon feli infected and healthy cats
Kimia Zafari Seyedeh Ommolbanin GhasemianCytauxzoonosis is an emerging infectious disease that affects feral as well as domestic cats. This disease is caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Cytauxzoon. Evaluation of oxidative stress indicators can clarify the adverse effects of Cytau MoreCytauxzoonosis is an emerging infectious disease that affects feral as well as domestic cats. This disease is caused by apicomplexan protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Cytauxzoon. Evaluation of oxidative stress indicators can clarify the adverse effects of Cytauxzoon¬ felis parasite on domestic cats. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of C. ¬felis parasite in cats of Shahrekord, Iran and to evaluate oxidative stress indicators in cats infected with C. ¬felis and compare it with healthy cats. This experimental study was conducted on blood samples of 100 cats that were referred to Shahrekord Veterinary Laboratory. Blood samples were taken in two separate test tubes for molecular analysis and determination of antioxidant parameters including catalase and lipid peroxidation. After collecting the samples, the PCR test was performed and oxidative stress markers were measured. The results of the present study showed that 3% of examined cats were infected with C. ¬felis, and the level of catalase enzyme in the cats infected with C. ¬felis was reduced by 9% compared to the healthy group, which was statistically significant (p=0.004). Moreover, lipid peroxidation level was significantly increased in cats infected with C.¬ felis compared to the parasite-free group (p=0.021). The findings of the present study showed that the prevalence of C.¬ felis parasite in cats was 3%. A decrease in the level of catalase enzyme and an increase in lipid peroxidation were observed in cats infected with C.¬ felis compared to cats free of the parasite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Seroepidemiologic survey of Hydatidosis in northwest Iran by Indirect Immunoflurscent Test
Ahmad Nematollahi رسول Jamali Gh MoghaddamThis survey was conducted to study the seroepidemiology of hydatidosis in northwest of Iran. Totally 852 blood samples from rural inhabitants of Sarab, Meshkin shahr, Moghan and Urmia were collected and their sera were separated. For antigen preparation, the livers and MoreThis survey was conducted to study the seroepidemiology of hydatidosis in northwest of Iran. Totally 852 blood samples from rural inhabitants of Sarab, Meshkin shahr, Moghan and Urmia were collected and their sera were separated. For antigen preparation, the livers and lungs of sheep infected with hydatid cyst and slaughtered at Tabriz abattoir were collected. The protoscolex was separated from the hydatid cyst and injected into the rabbit diaphragm using the sandwich technique. Then sections of the diaphragm were cut using the cryocut apparatus and fixed onto slides. The prepared sections were examined using marked antihuman globulin stained with Evan’s blue by IFA test. Initially sensitivity and specifity of this test was evaluated on sera of 58 hospitalized hydatidosis patients and 70 healthy persons. The sensitivity and specifity of the test were estimated 88% and 98/6% respectively. In this survey the titers over 1:10 were considered positive. Among 852 tested samples, 30(3/52%) were infected. Infection rate in males was higher than females. The highest infection rate was from Meshkin shahr (3.5%) and the age group of 20-40 years was the highest infected category. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Effect of Cinnamon extract on COX-2 gene expression level in liver and lipid profile alterations in serum of healthy broiler chickens and those infected with E. coli
seyedmahmoud Tabatabaei reza Badalzadeh reza Mohammadnezhad bahman YousefiThe use of herbal medicine instead of antibiotics for treatment of livestock and poultry disease could have many beneficial implication due to their multiplex activities. This study has investigated the effects of cinnamon extract on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expres MoreThe use of herbal medicine instead of antibiotics for treatment of livestock and poultry disease could have many beneficial implication due to their multiplex activities. This study has investigated the effects of cinnamon extract on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression level in liver and lipid profile alterations in serum of healthy and Escherichia coli infested broiler chickens. Ninety Ross-308 broilers in healthy or E.coli-infected groups were received normal diet or diet supplemented with cinnamon extract in concentrations of 100 or 200 mg/kg of diet. E. coli suspension (108cfu/ml) was injected subcutaneously after 12 days of cinnamon administration. Seventy-two hours after E. coli injection, blood samples were taken for analysis of lipid profile alterations in serum, and then liver tissue samples were obtained for detection of COX-2 gene expression using real-time PCR. Infection with E. coli significantly decreased the levels of COX-2 gene expression as well as some variables of lipid profile including triglyceride level as compared with the control group (p<0.05). Pre-administration of cinnamon extract in broilers diet (in both concentrations) significantly reduced the tissue levels of COX-2 gene expression and triglyceride levels in serum of broiler chickens infected with E. coli in comparison with E. coli-alone group (p<0.05). The cinnamon extract could not induce statistically significant effects on the tested parameters in healthy broilers. Thus, pre-administration of cinnamon extract in diets of broiler chickens may be capable of reducing the inflammatory and oxidative injuries induced by pathologic conditions such as infection with E. coli. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Seroepidemiological survey of bovine leukemia virus infection in cows in Khuzestan province
سعید Zamanizadeh مهدی Pourmahdi Borujeni, M M.R Haji Hajikolaei M.R Seifi AbadshapouriBovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a member of the Delta retro virus genus (family Retroviridae) and can cause persistent lymphocytosis and lymphosarcoma in cattle that is described as enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL). This disease causes significant economic losses associate MoreBovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a member of the Delta retro virus genus (family Retroviridae) and can cause persistent lymphocytosis and lymphosarcoma in cattle that is described as enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL). This disease causes significant economic losses associated with the costs of control and eradication programs. Control programs of leucosis are based on the screening of cows by serological methods and removing the infected cows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of bovine leukemia virus in cattle in Khuzestan province. Serum samples from 527 cattle were randomly collected in Ahvaz, Baghmalek, Shooshtar, Gotvand, Shadegan, Hendijan, Behbahan, Ramhormoz and Susangerd cities and were examined by ELISA assay. Seroperevalence rate of bovine leukemia virus was 6.64% (95% CI: 4.51-8.77). Statistical analysis indicated no significant association between infection and age or breed. Relative frequency of infection was higher in female cows than males, but this difference was not significant and odds of infection in female cows than males were 2.6 (95% CI: 0.35-19.59). Prevalence rate of infection between industrial (15%) and nonindustrial (3.4%) husbandry was significantly different (p<0.001) and odds of infection in industrial husbandry than nonindustrial was 4.97 (95% CI: 2.43-10.16). Prevalence rate in Shadegan, Baghmalek, Behbahan, and Susangerd were 23.5%, 20.3%, 7.2% and 1.7%, respectively, but infection was not observed in Ahvaz, Shooshtar, Gotvand, Ramhormoz and Hendijan (p<0.001) and 30.8% of fluctuation of disease was justified by geographical location. This study confirms that bovine leukemia virus exists in Khuzestan province. Prevention and control measures should be considered by health authorities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Histologic and histomorphometric study of epididymis after immobilization stress in mice
esmaiel safavi hadi khayyatnouriImmobilization stress as a physical and psychological stress, has adverse effects on various body tissues. Numerous studies have been conducted on the effects of stress on reproductive system and fertility. The Main aim of this study is evaluation of effect of immobiliz MoreImmobilization stress as a physical and psychological stress, has adverse effects on various body tissues. Numerous studies have been conducted on the effects of stress on reproductive system and fertility. The Main aim of this study is evaluation of effect of immobilization stress on epididymal tissue in mice. In this study 140 adult male mice were randomly divided in to 7 groups as test and 7 groups as control animals. In test groups,the animals were subjected to immobilizationstress for 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days respectively. In control groups,the animals were only handled. After the experimental periods, blood samples were collected for measurements of serum cortisol and testosterone and epididymal tissue samples were obtained for histologic and histomorphometric study. The results of this study showed that level of testostrone in all test groups significantly decreased in comparison tothe control groups(p<0/05). Cortisol level in test group at 1, 3, 7, and15 days significantly increased (p<0/05) and in other groups no significant difference was observed. Histological study showed that in groups which were stressed for 30,45 and 60 days ,in head ,body and tail of epididym ,diameter of tubules were decreased and interstitial tissue significantly increased (p<0/05). thickness of epithelium in head and body of epididym and in the tail region significantly decreased (p<0/05) in groups which were under stress for 15, 30, 45 and 60 days and 30, 45and 60 days respectively (p<0/05). Result of this study confirmed adverse effect of immobilization stress on epididymal tissue with increasein time of stress, side effects also increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - The effect of different concentrations of citric acid on motility patterns of bovine epididymal sperms in Hams F10 milieu
کیوان Abdy پرویز Tajik حمید Gasemzade A.A Kave پژمان Mirshokraei The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three concentration of citric acid on motility patterns of bovine epididymal sperms. For this purpose, 50 pairs of bovine testicles were collected immediately after slaughter form urmia abattoir a More The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three concentration of citric acid on motility patterns of bovine epididymal sperms. For this purpose, 50 pairs of bovine testicles were collected immediately after slaughter form urmia abattoir and transferred to the laboratory alongside 5oc ice pack. Epididymal tail sperms were collected with a few incisions in vascular areas and transferred to hams f10 milieu with 10% fetal calf serum and counted after 15 minutes of incubation at 37oc in Co2 incubator. Concentrations of 50 million sperms per ml were proposal and in the normal sperm pH rang of 6.7-7.4, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 normal concentration of citric acid were added to sperm continuity micro tubes (normal concentration of acid equals 7 mg/ml of bovine serum) and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes the motility patterns of epididymal sperms were evaluated using the computer assisted sperms analyzing (CASA) method. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA using the SPSS 15 software. The results indicated significant differences in various indices of sperm motility patterns (Curvilinear Velocity, Straight-line Velocity, Average Path Velocity, Mean Angel Degree, Amplitude of Lateral Head Displacement, Beat-Cross Frequency, Linearity, Wobble) particularly at 0.3 normal concentration of citric acid compared with the control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - The effects of passive inhalation of cigarette smoke on serum lipid profile in the rat
جعفر Rahmani KahnamoeiPassive cigarette smoke contains five times more carbon monoxide and six times more nicotine compared to the main smoke because cigarette filter has a protective role for smokers. Cigarette smoke contains a range of oxidants and free radicals that can directly or indire MorePassive cigarette smoke contains five times more carbon monoxide and six times more nicotine compared to the main smoke because cigarette filter has a protective role for smokers. Cigarette smoke contains a range of oxidants and free radicals that can directly or indirectly induce oxidative stress in the body. Adding some aromatic ingredients to cigarette may play an important role in increasing damage and free radicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of passive inhalation of cigarette smoke on serum lipid profile in rats. For this purpose, 16 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups of eight rats, control and treatment. There was no intervention in the control group, but treatment group was exposed to a cigarette passive smoke on a daily basis for a month. After a month, the rat tail vein blood samples were taken and after separation of the sera, serum lipid profiles, including triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL was measured and the results were statistically analyzed using t-test. There was a significant (p<0.01) difference between the two groups regarding the serum levels of LDL but no other significant differences were observed. The results showed that cigarette smoke causes an increase in serum LDL, which is considered one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Study on the effects of consumption of milk containing Lactobacillus acidophilus on serum lipid trends and weight gain of rats fed high lipid diet
حمید Mirzaei مهران Mesgari abbasi عیسى Tajmohammadi Despite the significant progresses made in the reduction of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, they are still the primary cause of death in many countries and hyperlipidemia is an important causal agent of cardiovascular diseases. Probio More Despite the significant progresses made in the reduction of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases, they are still the primary cause of death in many countries and hyperlipidemia is an important causal agent of cardiovascular diseases. Probiotics are food supplements containing live microbes which balance the flora of the digestive system and produce positive effects in the host body. L.acidophilus is a beneficial bacterium used in the production of probiotic products .The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of consumption of milk containing L.acidophilus on serum lipid trends of rats fed high lipid diet. This is an experimental study in which 30 male albino Wistar rats with a body weight of 200±15 gr. were randomly allocated to two groups of treatment and control each containing 15 rats which were adapted to a high lipid diet (11.74%) and water containing 25% milk within a week. Rats in both groups received high lipid diet and water containing 25% milk for 60 days with the exception that rats in the treatment group received water containing L. acidophilus at a level of 109 CFU/rat/day throughout the experiment. Independent t-test revealed that at a level of α= 0.05, mean levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C of rats in the treatment group was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05), and HDL-C of rats in the treatment group was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05), but the mean levels of triglyceride and VLDL-C was not significantly different. Also increase in body weight was significantly higher in the treatment group compared with the control group (p<0.01). On the whole, long term daily consumption of milk containing L. acidophilus improves serum lipid trends by lowering total cholesterol level and LDL-C and increasing HDL-C and also increases the rate of body growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in goats of Khuzestan province
saeid Bagheri MAHDI POURMAHDI BORUJENI Mohammad rahim Haji Hajikolaei Masoud GhorbanpoorParatuberculosis or Johne's disease is chronic infectious granulomatous enteritis of ruminants, which has a worldwide occurrence. It is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and the most common symptoms of disease in goats are cachexia, anorexia and MoreParatuberculosis or Johne's disease is chronic infectious granulomatous enteritis of ruminants, which has a worldwide occurrence. It is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and the most common symptoms of disease in goats are cachexia, anorexia and severe disability. The aim of this study was to survey seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in goats of Khuzestan province and its correlation with host and environmental determinants. In this study sera samples were collected randomly from 368 goats in Ahvaz, Hendijan, Izeh, Shushtar, Dezful and Susangerd cities and were tested by ELISA. Apparent and real seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis were 7.07% (95% CI: 4.47-9.67 percent) and 13.8% (95% CI: 10.3-17.3 percent), respectively. This study showed that infection increased with age and odds of infection between the age, based on year and disease is 1.08 (95% CI: 0.86-1.35) (p>0.05). Relative frequency of positive samples in females was more than males and the odds of infection in female goats was 1.19 (95% CI: 0.4-3.59) times the males (p>0.05). The odds of infection in goats with history of diarrhea was 4.38 (95% CI: 1.92-9.96) times more than goats without this history (p<0.001). The seroprevalence in Ahvaz, Dezful, Izeh, Shushtar, Hendijan and Susangerd was 8.06% 5%, 4.92%, 13.33%, 2.67% and 5% respectively (p>0.05). This study confirms that Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis exists in goats of Khuzestan province and preventive and control measures should be considered by health authorities. Conflict of interest: None declared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Effect of alcoholic extract of Euphorbia cyparissias on serum lipid profile in streptozotocin induced diabetic male rats
maryam nezami mohammadreza Nasirzadeh mehdi RahnemaDiabetes is a chronic disease characterized by disordering is the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Most blood glucose lowering drugs that are introduced for treatment, have side effects when used for long-term. Therefore, nowadays, in order to control dia MoreDiabetes is a chronic disease characterized by disordering is the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Most blood glucose lowering drugs that are introduced for treatment, have side effects when used for long-term. Therefore, nowadays, in order to control diabetes and its complications, the use of drugs from plant origin is considered widely. In this study, 40 adult male Wistar rats weighting 250±20 gr were equally divided in to 4 groups randomly: 1- control group or intact animals, 2- Diabetic animals, 3- Treatment 1 group which received 500 mg/kg extract and 4- Treatment 2 group: which received250 mg/kg extract. Animals in the two treatment groups received E. cyparissias extract for 21 days by gastric gavage. At the end of the treatment, levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, VLDL and blood glucose were determined. The results showed that triglyceride and LDL levels decrease significantly in treatment 1 group compared with the diabetic group (p<0.05). Also HDL level increased significantly in treatment 1 group compared with the diabetic group (p<0.05). In addition, blood glucose level of treatment -1 group had decreased significantly in comparison with the diabetic group (p<0.05). This study showed that oral administration of E. cyparissias alcoholic extract has hypoglycemic effects. It can reduce the serum levels of lipids and lipoproteins in streptozotocin induced diabetic male rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Study on the effect of Lactobacillus casei o1 fermented milk consumption on lipid pattern of rats nourished with cholesterol enriched diet
حمید Mirzaei بهرام Amouoghli Tabrizi مهدی RafieiThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects ofconsumption of different amounts of fermented milk by L.casei on serum lipid trends including total cholesterol, LDL-C, HLD-C, VLDL-C and triglyceride in the serum of rats fed 1 and 2% cholesterol enriched diet. For th MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects ofconsumption of different amounts of fermented milk by L.casei on serum lipid trends including total cholesterol, LDL-C, HLD-C, VLDL-C and triglyceride in the serum of rats fed 1 and 2% cholesterol enriched diet. For this purpose 49 male albino wistar rats with a body weight of 200±15 gr were randomly allocated to seven groups each containing 7 rats and adapted to new conditions during a week. Rats in the first group (control group) received commercial diet and water for 30 days, the second to fourth groups received diet enriched with 1% cholesterol and rats in the fifth to seventh groups received diet enriched with 2% cholesterol. Each rat in the fourth and seventh groups (double dose receiving treatment groups) consumed fermented milk containing 4×108 CFU bacteria per day, rats in the third and sixth groups (single dose receiving treatment groups) consumed fermented milk containing 2×108 CFU bacteria per day and in the second and fifth groups (sham group) consumed sterilized milk instead of fermented milk. According to the statistical tests, one way analysis of variance and Tukey at a level of α= 0.05, mean levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C of rats in the double dose receiving treatment groups and single dose receiving treatment groups were significantly lower and mean level of HDL-C was significantly higher than sham group (p<0.05). In the rats fed 1% enriched cholesterol, mean levels of VLDL-C and triglyceride of rats in the double dose receiving treatment groups were significantly lower than sham group (p<0.05). Long term daily consumption of milk fermented by L.casei improves serum lipid trends by lowering total cholesterol and LDL-C level and by increasing HDL-C level. The effectiveness of this probiotic on lipid trends is dose dependent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - The effect of different levels of garlic extract administration at various time periods on the extent of serumic lipid peroxidation in laying hens
saeed rasoulinejad nariman sheykhi hossein hassanpourFree radicals are involved in molecular changes and mutation and if they are not inactivated the resultant lipid peroxidation will damage all types of cellular macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. Natural diet containing antioxidants MoreFree radicals are involved in molecular changes and mutation and if they are not inactivated the resultant lipid peroxidation will damage all types of cellular macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. Natural diet containing antioxidants plays an important role in health, reproduction, performance, safety and growth in poultry. Garlic extract with a high antioxidant effect very useful against free radicals and infective agents. In this study, the effect of concentration of 0.01 and 0.02% of garlic extract in drinking water with periods of 2, 4 and 6 days a week were evaluated on lipid peroxidation. In addition to assessing the best concentration, economic aspects were also considered. So at the end of the third week, the best effect on reducing lipid peroxidation was seen in T3 which had received the concentration of 0.02% of garlic extract, two days a week. After six weeks of trial, Group T7 which had received the concentration of 0.02% garlic extract for 6 days a week, showed the best effect on reducing lipid peroxidation. Our studies also showed that garlic extract improved mass production in all groups compared to the control group. Considering the amount of lipid peroxidation at the end of the sixth week, herd performance in six weeks and calculating the average sale price of mass production, minus the cost of feed consumed per group, it is concluded that group T4 which received garlic extract concentration of 0.01% for 4 days a week (Saturday, Monday, Wednesday, Thursday) showed the best option in view of the economic conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Investigating the influencing factors of Outdoor Spaces of Residential Complexes in the Promotion of Children's Creativity (Case Study: Sepidar Orumiyeh Residential Complex)
Abbas SedaghatiNowadays,along with the constant,rapid development of towns and cities which lack desirable urban spaces,the adaptation of residential complexes and their public spaces with the required needs of the inhabitants,has come to be one of the major priorities of the experts MoreNowadays,along with the constant,rapid development of towns and cities which lack desirable urban spaces,the adaptation of residential complexes and their public spaces with the required needs of the inhabitants,has come to be one of the major priorities of the experts in the realm of architecture and other related fields of study.One of these public spaces to appraise, are the outdoors spaces situated within the residential complexes in which most of the time and daily life of the children (subjects under study) are allotted around.Unfortunately,the designing of such spaces are not as seriously attempted and implemented as the designing of the closed spaces.Although,there is much to talk about this negligence, on the other hand,in terms of engineering human factors, quality promotion of such spaces can play a significant and effective role in promoting health and the growth of somatic forces,enhancing social interactions,and even in education and development of creativity in children and adolescents.The current study endeavors to determine the effect of the open spaces of residential complexes in the development of creativity in children, and in line with this purpose, with the help of a survey-based descriptive method, some of the factors affecting the development of creativity in children which must be taken into consideration in the designing of public complexes are presented.Considering these factors in the designing of the spaces,can contribute to the enhancement of spatial quality of the mentioned complexes and also, can provide an opportunity to develop and exalt creativity in children who are definitely the most precious factor in making our demanding future. The statistical population of the research includes the residents of Sepidar residential complex in Urmia and structural equations with SPSS and AMOS software were used to analyze the data. It is claimed that the enhancement of creativity in children,do not only occur through educational programs, but also flexible spaces in which some items of natural elements such as water, sand, light, etc., exist in the context, can lead to this promotion.The creation of vegetation,utilizing a variety of colors, exposing children to the space for active involvement, teamwork, etc.play a crucial role in stimulating the sense of curiosity and ultimately the promotion of creativity in the mentioned sample population. Regarding purpose,the current research is applied in nature in one hand, and on the other hand library techniques and field study techniques such as survey have been utilized for a better understanding of the variables under scrutiny. It is claimed that the current study is a descriptive, survey-based approach in terms of the data analysis procedure. Following an investigation of the experts’ opinions about children and the practical ways of improving their creativity, the researcher made use of field observation for children’s behavior in the open spaces and provided adaptable questionnaire for children and their parents. And ultimately some criteria and principles are suggested to promote the quality of the open spaces in residential complexes to empower the designers to boost creativity in children. To reach this goal, the main scope of the research include landscaping, the psychology of creativity and child’s growth. The component of children's participation is the most effective in developing children's creativity. And then the flexibility of space, sense of security, natural elements, gender and color have been the most effective components in the growth and development of children's creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - The Effect of Vitamin E Supplementation on Atherogenic and Lipid Peroxidation Responses Induced by Interval Training in Obese Male Wistar Rats
Fatemeh Hosseini reza rezaeeshirazi Saeed Ghorbani Abuzar JorbonianIntroduction: Obesity causes high disorders as increasing atherogenic index and physical activity is able to control obesity that can possibly increase lipid peroxidation. Therefore, the study was performed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on atheroge MoreIntroduction: Obesity causes high disorders as increasing atherogenic index and physical activity is able to control obesity that can possibly increase lipid peroxidation. Therefore, the study was performed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on atherogenic and lipid peroxidation responses induced by interval training in obese male Wistar rats.Materials and methods: The present study was a laboratory experimental method. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into four groups: training (TG; N=8), supplementation (SG; N=8), training with supplementation (TSG; N=8), and Control (CG; N=8). The interval training consisted of 30 minutes running on treadmill per day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks. Vitamin E supplementation was also available daily with 300 mg/g of body weight along with drinking water in SG. Finding: The finding revealed a significant decrease between TSG compared with CG in MDA (p=0.010), AIP (p=0.001), TC (p=0.001), TG (p=0.001) and LDL-C (p=0.001) variables. Also, MDA variable a significant decrease between TSG compared with TG (p=0.001). A significant decrease between TG compared with CG and SG in AIP (p=0.031), TC (p=0.024), TG (p=0.012) and LDL-C (p=0.010) variables were observed; while HDL-C variable showed a significant increase between TSG compared with CG (p=0.024) and TG compared with CG (p=0.031) (p≤0.05).Discussion and Conclusion: Vitamin E supplementation can improve atherogenic index and by increasing of antioxidant system causes reduce exercise-induced lipid peroxidation in obese rats; while the positive effects of improving body composition and controlling obesity were achieved to exercise. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - The Effect of Cinnamon Supplementation on Lipid Profile in Response to Aerobic Exercise
Maryam Esfandiarpour Ali Hossein Zadeh Gonabadi Fatemeh Farkhaie Abdossaleh ZarAbstract Introduction: In recent decades, lipids and their related compounds in the plasma of healthy individuals and patients were considered and proposed ad risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to review the effect of 15 days’ cinnamon supp MoreAbstract Introduction: In recent decades, lipids and their related compounds in the plasma of healthy individuals and patients were considered and proposed ad risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to review the effect of 15 days’ cinnamon supplementation on lipid profile in response to an aerobic exercise session. Materials and Methods: In this quasi- experimental study 24 healthy male were selected and divided into three equal groups (1g cinnamon, 1.5 g cinnamon, and placebo) according to aerobic power. The subjects were taking cinnamon capsules for 15 days. Blood sampling was taken from subjects before and immediately after 30 minutes of running with an intensity of 55 to 65 percent of maximum heart rate on the treadmill . For statistical analysis of data, dependent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc tests were used (P≤0.05). Findings: Aerobic exercise significantly increased HDL and decreased LDL, VLDL, TG, and Cho (P≤ 0.05), 15 days cinnamon supplementation had a significant effect on the increase of HDL and decrease of LDL, TG, and Cho in response to one session of aerobic exercise (P≤ 0.05, though, had no significant effect on VLDL (P≥ 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that to improve the response of lipid profile to one session aerobic exercise, 15 days’ cinnamon supplementation can be used. Keywords: Cinnamon, Exercise, Lipid Profile Extended Abstract Introduction In recent decades, fats and their related compounds have been considered in the plasma of healthy and sick people and have been proposed as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Plasma fat levels can be affected by age, sex, lifestyle, eating habits, physical activity, obesity, smoking, hormonal disorders, and some genetic factors. Various physical activities and exercises reduce atherogenic processes and reduce the prevalence of various cardiovascular diseases by reducing cardiovascular risk factors. Regular aerobic exercise such as walking, jogging, swimming, and cycling can have a positive effect on fat and lipoprotein levels. Several studies have shown that increased physical activity modulates the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The use of herbs can be an effective way to lower blood fats. Cinnamon is a plant that has different compounds which is positively effective in reducing blood TG, Cho, and LDL. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of 15 days of cinnamon extract supplementation on the response of fat profile to one session of aerobic exercise. Materials and Methods In this quasi- experimental study, 24 healthy male were selected as a statistical sample. Subjects were divided into three identical groups based on aerobic capacity (one-gram cinnamon, 1.5-gram cinnamon, and placebo). Subjects used cinnamon capsules for 15 days. The first blood sampling was performed before any activity. Then the subjects worked on the treadmill for 30 minutes at 55 to 65% of maximum heart rate. The second blood sampling was performed immediately after aerobic exercise. To measure the fat profile, the enzymatic method of calorimetry (biochemistry) was used using an autoanalyzer, model SELECTR-XL, made in the Netherlands. To analyze thedata, a dependent t-test and one-way ANOVA along with Tukey's post hoc test were used (p≥0.05). Findings The results show that 15 days of cinnamon supplementation with doses of 1 (P=0.03) and 1.5 (P=0.001) grams leads to a significant increase in fasting HDL levels, however, it has no significant effect on fasting levels of LDL (P=0.33), VLDL (P=0.34), TG (P=0.44) and Cho (P=0.06). The results of the paired sample t- test show that 30 minutes of running with an intensity of 55 to 65% of maximum heart rate on the treadmill in the groups of 1.5 g of cinnamon, 1 g of cinnamon, and placebo led to a significant increase in HDL and also a significant decrease in LDL, VLDL, TG and Cho (P=0.001). The results of one-way ANOVA show that there were significant differences in HDL (P=0.001), LDL (P=0.003), TG (P=0.001), and Cho (P=0.001) among different research groups in response to30-minute run with an intensity of 55 to 65% of the maximum heart rate on the treadmill. The results of Tukey’s post- hoc test show that HDL levels in the groups of 1 g of cinnamon (P=0.01) and 1.5 g of cinnamon (P=0.001) are significantly higher than the placebo group and it is significantly higher in the group of 1.5 Gram of cinnamon than the group 1 g of cinnamon (P=0.002); Also, the levels of LDL (P=0.002), TG (P=0.001) and Cho (P=0.001) in the 1.5 g cinnamon group were significantly lower than the placebo group, and TG levels in the group 1.5 grams of cinnamon are significantly lower than group 1 gram of cinnamon (P=0.001). Discussion Findings of the present study showed that aerobic exercise resulted in a significant increase in HDL, decrease in LDL, VLDL, TG, and Cho.Also 15 days of cinnamon supplementation had a significant effect on an increase in HDL, a decrease in LDL, TG, and Cho in response to one sessionexercise but had no significant effect on VLDL. It can be said that exercise increases the activity of the lipoprotein lipase enzyme in terms of the mechanisms involved in the process of LDL reduction and also increasing the activity of lipoprotein lipase increases the catabolism of lipoproteins rich in TG. Lipoprotein lipase is one of the enzymes that regulate lipoproteins and degrades TG in TG-rich lipoproteins. HDL has been reported to be the major carrier of cholesterol esteroxide and has a high capacity to reduce the total amount of lipoperoxide produced in LDL. HDL reduces the incidence of cardiovascular disease by reversing cholesterol, and the mechanism that increases HDL has not yet been clearly articulated. However, it has been suggested that the increase in HDL is due to an increase in apolipoprotein A, activation of the enzymes lipoprotein lipase and cholesterol acyltransferase, and a decrease in the liver lipase enzyme activity. Lipoprotein lipase by plasma TG hydrolysis is the most important factor in changing the concentration of HDL. Plasma insulin decreases during exercise. Decreased plasma insulin activates lipolysis of adipose tissue, increases the concentration of free plasma fatty acids, and increases liver fatty acid. And as insulin decreases, glucagen increases. These two hormones during exercise cause more activity of ketogenesis or,in other words, increase the liver load and cause changes in cholesterol precursors. However, the reason for the difference in serum TG is probably related to the increase in lipoprotein lipase activity. Because the main ingredients of cinnamon include cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and safrole which have insulin-like effects and also reduce TG, Cho, and LDL. It seems that the fat-enhancing effects of cinnamon consumption in response to one session of exercise are dependent on the dose of cinnamon consumption so that the consumption of 1.5 grams of cinnamon supplementation had more effects than 1 gram of cinnamon. Conclusion Finally, according to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that to improve the response of fat profile to a session of exercise, 15 days of cinnamon supplementation with doses of 1 g and 1.5 g can be used. However, the effect of supplementation 1.5 g is more than 1 g. Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines All subjects full fill the informed consent. Funding No funding. Authors' contributions Design and conceptualization: Maryam Esfandiyar pur, Ali Hosseizadeh Gonabadi Abdossaleh Zar; Methodology and data analysis: Maryam Esfandiyar pur, Ali Hosseinzadeh Gonabadi Zar, Fatemeh Farkhaie; Supervision and final writing: Abdossaleh Zar. Conflicts of interest The authors declared no conflict of interest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Crystallization Kinetics Study in Al87Ni10La3 Amorphous Alloy
Amir Rofigar Haghighi Akbar Heidarpour Mohsen Eshaghpour Soorani Mehdi Mansouri -
Open Access Article
146 - The effect of Benzyladenin on reducing lipid peroxidation and carotenoids in Lilium oriental. cv belladonna
Reyhane Arefnia Abdolah Hatamzadeh mahmood ghasemnezhadIn order to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest spray with Benzyladenin (BA) on improving flower quality and delaying flower and leaf senescence in Lilium oriental, a study was carried out as a spilt plot factorial experiment where 5 levels of Benzyladenin (0, 25, 50, 75 MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest spray with Benzyladenin (BA) on improving flower quality and delaying flower and leaf senescence in Lilium oriental, a study was carried out as a spilt plot factorial experiment where 5 levels of Benzyladenin (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) with three replications and two stages of spraying (budding start and before dyeing buds). Assaying the traits were done in seventh and twelfth two-days after harvest. The flowers were sprayed at two stages, budding and before flowering in the bud stage. Distilled water was used as control. Characteristics such as flower shelf life and lipid peroxidation in petals and leaves on seventh and twelfth days after harvest and carotenoids contents of petals on seventh and twelfth days after harvest were measured. Results showed that spraying with 100 ppm BA at the beginning of flower pigmentation was more effective in delaying senescence in flowers and leaves as compared to the control. Lipid peroxidation in leaves and flowers treated with 100 ppm BA application was significantly lower than the control. In contrast, carotenoid content of flowers sprayed with 100 ppm BA was higher and the lowest values were found in the control. In total, it was found that BA maintains stability by improving the quality and prolonging the flowers’ survival. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Study of physiological and biochemical responses of rice mutant lines derived from gamma ray irradiation and local varieties under saline field conditions
Leila Bagheri Sara saadatmand Neda Soltani Vahid NiknamRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the crops which is the main source of food for more than a third of the world's population. Limiting factors such as environmental stress require increasing the yield of agricultural products per unit area. Soil salinity is one of the mo MoreRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the crops which is the main source of food for more than a third of the world's population. Limiting factors such as environmental stress require increasing the yield of agricultural products per unit area. Soil salinity is one of the most important factors reducing the productivity of crops throughout the world. Induced mutation is widely used as an effective tool for improving the yield, quality, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in product modification. In order to screen salt-tolerant superior mutant lines of rice, 10 mutant lines (M5) derived from three Iranian local varieties (Tarom, Anbarbo, and Hasani) were assessed during two generations (M6 and M7) at saline field (EC of soil was 6-8 ds/m). The experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Three salt-tolerant superior mutant lines (13-3, 32-18 and 22-1) were selected in comparison with their parents (control). Physiological parameters of superior mutant lines (high stomatal conductivity, Fv/Fm, and total chlorophyll) were biochemical (lower Na+/K+ ratio, high proline accumulation, less membrane damage). These superior mutant lines will be introduced as new salt-tolerant rice varieties and sources of plant germplasm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - The efficacy of different concentrations of gibberellic acid on physiological traits of Dunaliella salina microalgae in Guillard (f/2) medium
Mojtaba Ghasemi Salehe Ganjali leila fahmideh Mojtaba Keykhasaber Mohammad ModarresiDunaliella salina is a carotenoid-producing microalgae that is important for its extraordinary ability to accumulate ß-carotene. Therefore, an experiment was performed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of gibberellic acid on growth, accumulatio MoreDunaliella salina is a carotenoid-producing microalgae that is important for its extraordinary ability to accumulate ß-carotene. Therefore, an experiment was performed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of gibberellic acid on growth, accumulation of chlorophyll pigments, carotenoid content, and dry biomass of D. salina in f/2 medium. Experimental treatments included different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3): 0 (control), 0.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/L. The measured traits in this experiment included growth rate and doubling time, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, total carotenoid, dry biomass, total lipid content, and endogenous gibberellic acid. The analysis of variance showed that the effect of different concentrations of gibberellic acid on all studied traits in D. salina was significant at the statistical level ρ)≤ 0.05). Gibberellic acid (GA3) at a concentration of 10 mg/l increased growth rate, chlorophyll a and b content, total chlorophyll content, dry biomass and total lipid content in the studied microalgae. While the highest amount of total carotenoid accumulation was recorded for 5 mg/L GA3 treatment. According to our findings, it is suggested that 5 mg/L GA3 concentration can be effective, if the purpose of cultivating this microalgae species is to produce carotenoid, but if the aim of production are dry biomass and total lipid content, the use of 10 mg/L GA3 concentration will stimulate and increase the production of microalgae total lipid and dry biomass. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Investigation on the effect of NaCl on the activity of peroxidase and peroxidation of lipids in roots of two sensitive and tolerant cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
فائزه Ghanati, Elham Nayyeri TorshiziIn this paper, the effect of NaCl on the activity of soluble (SPO) and wall bound peroxidases (IPO, CPO) as well as the level of lipid peroxidation in roots of two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied. Two wheat cultivars, Mahooti and Alamoot were sele MoreIn this paper, the effect of NaCl on the activity of soluble (SPO) and wall bound peroxidases (IPO, CPO) as well as the level of lipid peroxidation in roots of two cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied. Two wheat cultivars, Mahooti and Alamoot were selected as salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cultivars, respectively. The plants were treated with 300mM NaCl for 24, 48 and 96 hours. The content of lignin and the ratio of CWP/FW were studied during 96 hours of treatment as well. Salt treatment increased the rate of lipid peroxidation and enhanced the activity of wall bound peroxidases, particularly in roots of Mahooti. These phenomena were also associated with an increase in the content of lignin in the walls. The activity of soluble peroxidase was also stimulated which helps to more scavenging of peroxide radicals produced by NaCl treatment. Meanwhile, the results suggest that in salt-tolerant wheat cultivar, NaCl treatment accelerated aging process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Study of the effect of the chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles on some physiological and phytochemical features of Nigella sativa L.
Farahnaz Mahdipour sara saadatmand Alireza Iranbakhsh Bahare Norozi zahra Oraghi ArdebiliBlack cumin (Nigella sativa L.) from the Ranunculaceae family is considered one of the best sources of natural antioxidants. Due to the positive effect of chitosan on various medicinal plants, in this study we investigated the vegetative and chemical performance of this MoreBlack cumin (Nigella sativa L.) from the Ranunculaceae family is considered one of the best sources of natural antioxidants. Due to the positive effect of chitosan on various medicinal plants, in this study we investigated the vegetative and chemical performance of this plant under the treatment of chitosan nanoparticles. Experimental factors included solubilization of chitosan and its nanoparticles with concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.2, 1, 4 (pH 5) percent. Assays were performed on the seed and leaf extracts of the treated plant at Razi Laboratory of Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran in 2021. Extraction was done by cold pressing method. Some traits such as germination (number, percentage, index and germination rate), growth parameters (radicle and plumule length, fresh radicle and plumule weight and radicle and plumule dry weight), pigments, total leaf phenol content (Folin-Ciocalteau) total leaf flavonoids (aluminum chloride colorimetric assay), leaf antioxidant activity (DPPH), leaf membrane lipid peroxidation (MDA concentration) and soluble protein content Seeds and leaves (Bradford) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with 3 replications and the comparison of data means was performed using Duncan's test at a probability level of 5%. The results showed that the treatment percentages had a significant effect on all evaluated traits (except the fresh weight of the radicle). Treatment of 1% and 0.01% of chitosan nanoparticles increased the growth and germination parameters. In addition, the amount of phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant activity increased compared to the control showed that the highest increase was observed in concentrations of 1% and 0.01% chitosan nanoparticles. The maximum increase in the amount of pigments was due to the concentration of 1% and 0.2% of chitosan nanoparticles. Both treatments at a concentration of 1% reduced the amount of MDA compared to the control. The amount of total protein in leaves and seeds decreased under the influence of the treatments .In general, it was concluded that the treatment of chitosan nanoparticles as a bio stimulant has a positive effect on improving the quality characteristics of black seed and they are also suggested as a suitable stimulus to increase growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Locating Optimal Urban Spaces Using Fuzzy Logic in GIS with Emphasis on Earthquake (A Case Study of Sepidan)
Babak Ejtemaie zahra porbarUnstructured and uncontrolled constructions in urban areas and around them, regardless of environmental conditions such as slope, type of soil and its thickness, groundwater level, the appropriate distance from the center of probable earthquakes, etc., leads to unsustai MoreUnstructured and uncontrolled constructions in urban areas and around them, regardless of environmental conditions such as slope, type of soil and its thickness, groundwater level, the appropriate distance from the center of probable earthquakes, etc., leads to unsustainable location of cities. This research presents an appropriate model for finding optimum space in earthquake situations in Sepidan. In the first step, the influential factors were identified and discussed. Then, the information layers of the influencing factors in the GIS environment were provided using fuzzy logic and the final map was obtained from the collation of the information layers. The obtained results indicated that with regard to the facilities Sepidan is best suited to create optimal space in the city having three levels of management and six different bases to be considered in order to provide timely and appropriate help to all parts during the earthquake. These three levels are the "first priority of Khani Vazek, the second priority Deh Laleh suburbs, the third priority Khferi, two levels of which are located in the west of the city and one level in the south covering the surrounding rural areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - A Comparative Study of Strengthening Strategies in Dilapidated Cities (Case Study: the Neighborhoods of Barband and Phase One- City Firoozabad)
Ali Shakoor Ali Shamsoddini Masoomeh Hafez Rezazadeh Sara PakzadPresently, the dynamic system of cities constantly change and transform. The result is the dilapidated structure of the city. This tissue of the old Nuclear cities has not been reviewed across the time and has suffered from exhaustion and lack of effic MorePresently, the dynamic system of cities constantly change and transform. The result is the dilapidated structure of the city. This tissue of the old Nuclear cities has not been reviewed across the time and has suffered from exhaustion and lack of efficiency. However, some of them have been built in the recent period without observing regulations and City Planning regulations. Now facing with many issues and creating problems to the other places of the city which are also transferring, these places need a further attention . The present research is intended to investigate strengthening the old city districts. Firouz Abad city is the focus of the research in which the two districts of Barband and Phaz-e- Yek( phase one) are chosen as the dilapidated and restructured areas , respectively. The method of inquiry is based on the goal and the level of practicality and is based on the nature of the research which is a descriptive method. Information was collected through library resources an annotated sources using the question letter Interview. An analysis of comparative information was conducted after the track in the quarters and then the dimensions of social quarters, Economic and skeletal structures were all determined. The results show that with regard to the conditions in the districts studied, the residents asked in the field showed improvement indicators of their life. Furthermore, they showed feeling responsibility for problems in the neighborhood; meaningful difference were not observed between the feeling of the residents of the two areas for improving their areas with respect to the indicators investigated in the present research. On the other hand, skeletal Analysis shows solutions provided by the efficient services offered by the municipality have led to improvements as well as a high level of interest and enthusiasm in participating for providing solutions to the problems Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Poly Ethylene Glycol-Stearate polymer in the design of nano-drug delivery system for oral administration by curcumin
Marzihe Shahbazi Elham Rostami maryam kolahi alireza kiasat -
Open Access Article
154 - Hybrid Fuzzy-PI Control of DFIG Power Associated With a Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion System
Hedayat Akhbari Javad Mashayekhifard -
Open Access Article
155 - The effect of eight weeks of continuous-resistance training on lipid profile and body composition of overweight women
keyvan hejaziBackground and purpose: Lipid profiles play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of continuous-resistance training on lipid profile and body composition of overweight women.Material and Methods: In t MoreBackground and purpose: Lipid profiles play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of continuous-resistance training on lipid profile and body composition of overweight women.Material and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 24 overweight women were randomly assigned to control (n=12) and experimental (n=12). The program training include: 80-90 min per session, 3 times per week for 8 weeks participate in continuous-resistance. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before training and 48 hours after training session. To make intra and intergroup comparisons t-test for dependent and independent samples were used. Results: Levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein decreased significantly, while levels of high-density lipoprotein increased significantly. Body weight and body mass index values decreased significantly at the end of the period.Conclusion: Eight weeks of continuous-resistance training resulted in improved lipid profile and body composition at the end of the training period. Therefore, the results of our research suggest that a continuous-resistance training program can improve the health of overweight women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - The effect of eight weeks of TRX and CRX exercising on body composition and lipid profile indices in overweight young women
Nasim Alimoradi Haneyeh Noorolahi Fatemeh HosseiniIntroduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TRX and CRX exercises on body composition indices and lipid profile in overweight young women.Methods: 59 subjects were randomly divided into three training groups: TRX (n = 20), CRX (n = 19) and C MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TRX and CRX exercises on body composition indices and lipid profile in overweight young women.Methods: 59 subjects were randomly divided into three training groups: TRX (n = 20), CRX (n = 19) and CG (n = 20). The program of both training groups included 10 minutes of warm-up with stretching and flexibility movements and then 10 circular stationary movements for 30 to 40 minutes, which ended with 10 minutes of stretching movements to cool down. The TRX group trained with resistance bands and the CRX group with weight training. Research variables were measured before and after exercises. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05.Results: Comparison of BMI and WHR showed that these variables were significantly reduced in the TRX group compared to the CRX and CG groups. While the PBF variable in TRX and CRX groups showed a significant decrease compared to CG. Also, in lipid profile indices of TG, VLDL-C, HDL-C and TC/HDL-C, TRX group showed a significant improvement compared to CRX and CG groups. In TC, LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C indices, significant improvement was observed compared to CG in both training groups (P≥0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that an eight-week of TRX and CRX exercises is effective in improving body composition indices and lipid profile of overweight young women; But TRX exercises are more effective than CRX. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Path Planning and Control of an Industrial Robot Used for Opening Tap Hole of an Electric Arc Furnace
Mohammad Esmaili Mohammad Saadat -
Open Access Article
158 - Experimental Investigation of Effective Parameters at Laser Sintering the Mixture of Iron and Copper Powder
Omid Mir Mohammad Sadeghi Sayed Ali Fatemi Jamal Zamani Ashani -
Open Access Article
159 - Robust Lyapunov-based Control of MEMS Optical Switches
Mohammad Goodarzi -
Open Access Article
160 - Damping Controller Design in Offshore Wind Power Plants to Improve Power System Stability Using Fractional Order PID Controllers Based on Optimized Exchange Market Algorithm
Naser Taheri Hamed Orojlo Faramarz EbrahimiIn this paper, the design of damping supplementary controller in VSC HVDC transmission systems, which is the interface of Offshore Wind Power Plant (OWPP) with the main power system, is studied. First, it is shown that the speed-power curve in a wind turbine affects the MoreIn this paper, the design of damping supplementary controller in VSC HVDC transmission systems, which is the interface of Offshore Wind Power Plant (OWPP) with the main power system, is studied. First, it is shown that the speed-power curve in a wind turbine affects the damping of oscillation and electromechanical modes of the power system, and depending on the operating conditions of the turbine, the extent of this effect varies. Then, to improve the dynamic stability of the power system, the use of an optimized supplementary controller in the VSC HVDC system will be proposed. The proposed controller is added as an additional loop to the converter control circuits in VSC HVDC and will amplify the damping torque in the generators by correcting the damping coefficient of the system oscillation modes. In addition, a solution is provided to use the supplementary controller in the most optimal path, so that the most controllability on the oscillation modes and the least interference with other channels between the input-output signals are provided. To design the proposed controller, a fractional order PID controller will be used whose coefficients are adjusted through an optimized exchange market algorithm. The optimization of the algorithm is done by using mutation and crossover operators in the genetic algorithm with the aim of avoiding bats being trapped at local extremum. The simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper not only improves the dynamic stability of the power system but also strengthens the voltage profile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - A Review of Surge Control and Modeling in Centrifugal Compressors
Adel Khosravi Abbas Chatraei Ghazanfar Shahgholian Seyed Mohamad KargarCompressors are of particular importance due to their wide application in various industries for compression and gas transmission. Due to the increasing use of compressors in the industry, it is imperative to determine a mathematical model for the compressor to design a MoreCompressors are of particular importance due to their wide application in various industries for compression and gas transmission. Due to the increasing use of compressors in the industry, it is imperative to determine a mathematical model for the compressor to design a control system, analyze it and its simulating in corresponding computer software like MATLAB. In recent years, intelligent modeling such as neural and fuzzy networks due to the more realistic performance of these models has been considered by researchers. Its types have been used for modeling. Intelligent methods have a high ability to stablish a relation between input and output data. On the other hand, in compressors surge phenomenon is a challenging case which occurs very quickly and will cause damage to the compressor and the production process. This phenomenon is defined as an instability in the operation of the compressor. Surge control expands the operating range of the compressor and exhibit the occurrence of this phenomenon. This article reviews modeling, surge phenomenon, and types of active and inactive surge control. For modeling, from the Moore–Greitzer’s model to intelligent models, it has been studied that according to the obtained results, it can be said that the Moore–Greitzer’s model has more errors over time than intelligent models and is a suitable model. Not from the compressor. Next, the control of the surge phenomenon in the compressor is checked by active and passive methods. The compressor's control in the active mode does not require a compressor performance curve. Still, in the passive method, it controls the compressor by using the performance curve and creating a safety margin from the surge line. So as not to enter the surge phenomenon. This makes active control performance more efficient than passive control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Self-tuning Fuzzy PID Controller for Load Frequency Control in AC Micro-grid with Considering of Input Delay
Rohollah Shahedi Kamel Sabahi Mehdi Tavan Amin HajizadehA micro grid (MG) system that benefits from distributed generation (DG) resources has a non-linear and time-varying nature which encounters the control problem with some difficulties. Also, due to the fact that in the most MG systems the frequency controllers are centra MoreA micro grid (MG) system that benefits from distributed generation (DG) resources has a non-linear and time-varying nature which encounters the control problem with some difficulties. Also, due to the fact that in the most MG systems the frequency controllers are centralized in the control room and, the DGs are located at distances from the control room, the occurrence of delay is undeniable and it should be considered in the design of the controller. For this purpose, a self-tuning fuzzy PID controller has been designed for load frequency control in a MG system in the presence of delay. The designed fuzzy PID controller is a nonlinear controller and can handle the nonlinearities. To deal with the delay in the input of the system, the Ziegler-Nichols like criteria has been utilized to derive the adaptive mechanism which tunes the scaling factors according to the maximum amount of delay in the online manner. The proposed self-tuning fuzzy PID controller has been applied for load frequency control of a time-delay MG system and the simulation results have been compared with the results of fixed structure fuzzy PID controller. The simulation results indicate the efficiency of the proposed controllers in dealing with time-varying delay. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Load Frequency Control in a Hybrid Power System Considering Renewable Energy Sources and Electric Vehicles Using Fractional Order PID Controller Based on Wavelet Neural Network
Abbas-Ali Zamani Seyed Mohammad Kargar Dehnavi Alireza ReisiRestructuring of power systems and integration of different renewable energy sources with complex dynamic behaviors and high structural uncertainties has made the issue of load frequency control more important. For a hybrid power system that includes a thermal power pla MoreRestructuring of power systems and integration of different renewable energy sources with complex dynamic behaviors and high structural uncertainties has made the issue of load frequency control more important. For a hybrid power system that includes a thermal power plant taking into account nonlinear limitations such as the governor dead band and generator rate constraints and renewable energy sources including a wind turbine, solar-thermal power plant, electrolyzer, fuel cell, and plug-in electric vehicle, this paper proposes an adaptive wavelet neural network fractional order PID controller (AWNNFOPID) based on self-recursive wavelet neural networks and fractional order PID controller. To compare the performance of the proposed AWNNFOPID controller, four different scenarios are considered and the simulation results are compared with traditional I, PI, and PID controllers as well as with the optimized FOPID controller. The simulation results show that the proposed AWNNFOPID controller has better performances than the other control strategies used for the studied hybrid power system based on performance indicators such as settling time, rise time, maximum overshoot, maximum undershoot, integral time absolute error (ITAE), and integral absolute error (IAE). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Designing a Two-Phase BLDC Motor and Finite-Element Analysis of Designing a Controller in Order to Manoeuvre High-Speed Boats in Marine Turbulences
Mehrdad Jafarboland Ehsan Vehedi Ghazanfar ShahgholianHigh speed boats are small kind of boats which are piloted with boatman.These boats are usually used in strategic commissions like military which fast speeds and good manoeuvrability are of essential importance.Rough sea path, marine turbulences and multi input multi ou MoreHigh speed boats are small kind of boats which are piloted with boatman.These boats are usually used in strategic commissions like military which fast speeds and good manoeuvrability are of essential importance.Rough sea path, marine turbulences and multi input multi output nonlinear dynamical model of this boats,make it very difficult to pilot and manoeuvre them.in this paper,.two controller are designed and proposed for pursuing desired path and manoeuvring fast speeds.Fuzzy controller is compared with the result of PID controller. Simulation results also indicate that these proposed controllers have suitable responses and can pilot the boat in the best manner. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Compensation of Actuator’s Saturation by Using Fuzzy Logic and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm in a System with PID Controller
Abbas Ali Zamani Seyed Mohammad Kargar DehnaviPhysical systems always include constraints and limits. Usually, the limits and constraints, in the control systems, are appeared as temperature and pressure limits or pumps capacity. One of the existing limits in the systems with PID controller is associated with the a MorePhysical systems always include constraints and limits. Usually, the limits and constraints, in the control systems, are appeared as temperature and pressure limits or pumps capacity. One of the existing limits in the systems with PID controller is associated with the actuator’s saturation limits. With the saturating of the actuator, the controller’s output and plant’s input will be different and the output signal of controller do not lead the system and their states could not update correctly where this issue makes the system response undesirable. In this paper, by adding a fuzzy compensator that it’s parameters are tuned using imperialist competitive algorithm, the actuator saturation is prevented and the important parameters of the system response, such as setting time and overshoot, are improved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - A General Method for Designing Fractional Order PID Controller
Marzieh Safaei Saeed Hosseinia Mojtaba Hosseini ToodeshkiThe idea of using fractional order calculus in control became apparent when this kind of calculus was accepted as a powerful tool in many applications. This resulted in a new generation of PID controller called fractional order PID Controller, named as Controller. MoreThe idea of using fractional order calculus in control became apparent when this kind of calculus was accepted as a powerful tool in many applications. This resulted in a new generation of PID controller called fractional order PID Controller, named as Controller. controller is more flexible and provides a better response with larger stability region as compared with standard PID controller. This paper presents a simple and reliable method for finding the family of controllers. The required calculations are done in frequency domain based on frequency response of the system and the stability region is specified in the parameters space. This method can be used for time-delay systems and, more generally, for any system with no transfer function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Intelligent Control of Quadrotor Unmanned Helicopter in Hovering Mode
Neda Shamshiri Abbas ChatraeiA Quadrotor helicopter is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). This vehicle has attracted lots of researchers’ attention because of its unique abilities such as being an under-actuated system, vertical take-off and landing, spot movement, more degree of freedom (DOF) MoreA Quadrotor helicopter is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). This vehicle has attracted lots of researchers’ attention because of its unique abilities such as being an under-actuated system, vertical take-off and landing, spot movement, more degree of freedom (DOF) and military and non- military functions. Because of nonlinear and complex dynamic, modeling and controlling this vehicle is one of the most challenging areas in control engineering. In this paper modeling of a Quadrotor will be described using Newton-Euler equations. Stabilizing and controlling of altitude and its attitude are done by three controller including classic PID, Fuzzy- PID and Neural- Fuzzy based on PID. Performances of these controllers are analyzed in the presence of disturbances and mass uncertainties. The main aim of this paper is designing an intelligent PID algorithm which is made by combining fuzzy logic and neural system and it will introduce a Neural- Fuzzy controller which is based on PID. Simulation results are presented by MATLAB software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Optimal PID Controller Tuning for Multivariable Aircraft Longitudinal Autopilot Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Mostafa Lotfi Forushani Bahram Karimi Ghazanfar ShahgholianThis paper presents an optimized controller around the longitudinal axis of multivariable system in one of the aircraft flight conditions. The controller is introduced in order to control the angle of attack from the pitch attitude angle independently (that is required MoreThis paper presents an optimized controller around the longitudinal axis of multivariable system in one of the aircraft flight conditions. The controller is introduced in order to control the angle of attack from the pitch attitude angle independently (that is required for designing a set of direct force-modes for the longitudinal axis) based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The autopilot system for military or civil aircraft is an essential component and in this paper, the autopilot system via 6 degree of freedom model for the control and guidance of aircraft in which the autopilot design will perform based on defining the longitudinal and the lateral-directional axes are supposed. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is illustrated by considering HIMAT aircraft. The simulation results verify merits of the proposed controller. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Fractional Order PID Controller Design for Level Control of Three Tank System Based on Improved Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm
Meysam Gheisarnezhad Hamed MojallaliFractional-order PID (FOPID) controller is a generalization of standard PID controller using fractional calculus. Compared with the Standard PID controller, two adjustable variables “differential order” and “integral order” are added to the MoreFractional-order PID (FOPID) controller is a generalization of standard PID controller using fractional calculus. Compared with the Standard PID controller, two adjustable variables “differential order” and “integral order” are added to the PID controller.Three tank system is a nonlinear multivariable process that is a good prototype of chemical industrial processes. Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (COA), that was recently introduced has shown its good performance in optimization problems. In this study, Improved Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (ICOA) has been presented. The aim of the paper is to compare different controllers tuned with a Improved Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (ICOA) for Three Tank System. In order to compare the performance of the optimized FOPID controller with other controllers, Genetic Algorithm(GA), Particle swarm optimization (PSO), Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (COA) and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Adaptive Control of the 3-Story Benchmark Building Equipped with MR Damper using Fractional Order Robust Controller
Ommegolsoum Jafarzadeh Seyed Arash Mousavi Ghasemi seyyed Mehdi Zahraei Ardashir Mohammadzadeh Ramin Vafaei PoursorkhabiThe goal of the present research is to propose a novel adaptive fractional order PID (AFOPID) controller whose parameters are tuned online by five exclusive multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks using the extended Kalman filter (EKF). An MLP neural network that is MoreThe goal of the present research is to propose a novel adaptive fractional order PID (AFOPID) controller whose parameters are tuned online by five exclusive multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks using the extended Kalman filter (EKF). An MLP neural network that is trained using the Back Propagation (BP) error algorithm is considered to identify the structural system and estimate the plant. The Jacobian of the model estimated online is utilized to apply to the controller. Considering the adaptive interval type-2 fuzzy neural networks (IT2FNN) and this issue that the compensator is tunned by EKF and feedback error learning strategy (FEL), the stability and robustness of this controller are increased against the estimation error, seismic disturbances, and some unknown nonlinear functions. In order to validate, the performance of the proposed controller is investigated on a 3-story nonlinear benchmark building equipped with semi-active dampers under far and near field earthquakes. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed controller equipped with a compensator in reducing seismic responses, the evaluation indices were discussed and compared with previous studies. The numerical results represent the substantial efficiency of the proposed adaptive controller (AFOPID) over the previous controllers such that J2 in the Hachinohe and Northridge earthquakes enhanced by up to 35% and more than 40%, respectively. In general, all indices ( J3 to J6 ) have experienced a considerable enhancement using the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - An Experimental Study of the Effects of Silica Fume Products on Properties of Hardened Concrete
Ahmad maleki fardin esmaeiliToday, concrete is known as one of the most used building materials in the world. Silica fume and its products are now known as one of the best mineral additives in concrete. Silica fume is mainly used to improve the properties of hardened concrete so when using Silica MoreToday, concrete is known as one of the most used building materials in the world. Silica fume and its products are now known as one of the best mineral additives in concrete. Silica fume is mainly used to improve the properties of hardened concrete so when using Silica fume concrete properties after hardening usually more significant. But although various experiments have been conducted on the subject. But this thesis is considering other products of silica impact on the hardened concrete properties have been investigated, including compressive strength, permeability and Thawing -freezing of hardened concrete. Three mixing ratio is tested in the laboratory: 1- without additives and 350 kg per cubic meter of cement, 2- with 10% Silica fume powder and one percentage lubricant, 3- with 10% of the micro gel. Based on lab work conducted in the research and the gathering of results can be explained by the properties of hardened concrete, the use of powder and gel of Silica fume increased compressive strength of 37.5 and 56 percent respectively. Water penetration rate, in the second ratio increase 50 percent and in the third ratio decreased 25 percent, compared to the first ratio. The results indicate the desirability of Silica fume gel long-term impact on the quality of hardened concrete including its durability. While the silica fume powder, could adversely affect the permeability and Freezing-Thawing of concrete. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Investigating the factors affecting students' satisfaction with online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Fatemeh Jalali Hossein Shafie Maryam AbbasiBecause of the emergence of coronavirus disease, e-learning is now widely used in schools and universities. As a result of the rapid spread of this phenomenon, there are some issues. This paper aims to look into the level of student satisfaction with online education, a MoreBecause of the emergence of coronavirus disease, e-learning is now widely used in schools and universities. As a result of the rapid spread of this phenomenon, there are some issues. This paper aims to look into the level of student satisfaction with online education, as well as the factors that influence the satisfaction and effectiveness of this type of education. The research was Applied research in terms of purpose and quantitative in terms of approach. In this research, an online survey was used. The study population was the students of Allameh Tabatabai University, Shahid Beheshti University, and Tehran University, and 760 of them were chosen through voluntary sampling. Data were collected using a 100-item online questionnaire, and factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and internal correlation were used to ensure validity and reliability. The SPSS and LISREL software packages were used to analyze the data. According to the findings, the average index of satisfaction with online education is 2.4 out of 5, indicating that student satisfaction is low. Practical training has the lowest level of satisfaction. Among the influential factors, the dimension of professors, system and class conditions, and students have the greatest influence on satisfaction with online education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Identification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) Strains Associated with Food Poisoning Outbreaks in Clinical Samples
Parisa Behshod Elahe Tajbakhsh Hassan MomtazMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis is an important pathogen that causes infectious diseases whose treatment is extremely formidable. Staphylococcus epidermidis enterotoxins with effects on intestinal epithelial cells can are be causing Create food poisonin MoreMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis is an important pathogen that causes infectious diseases whose treatment is extremely formidable. Staphylococcus epidermidis enterotoxins with effects on intestinal epithelial cells can are be causing Create food poisoning in people. The aim of current study is to the identification of MRSE strains associated with food poisoning outbreaks in Isfahan. During six- months, 60 clinical specimens to isolated from strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis were screened. Following identification strains, MRSE isolates were isolated by PCR method and, and then antibiotic resistance pattern of them was determined by Kirby – Bauer method. The presence of the sea, seb, sed and, sei genes was analyzed by PCR. 45 isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis were isolated from 60 samples, 30 isolate (66.6 percent) were MRSE. MRSE isolates exhibited the highest rates of resistance to penicillin (80 percent), and cefoxitin (56.6 percent), while they showed the lowest resistance to levofloxacin (13.3 percent), and rifampicin (6.6 percent). The prevalence rate of Moreover, the frequency of enterotoxin genes sea, seb, sed and, sei was 60 percent, 63.3 percent, 13.3 percent and, 76.6 percent respectively, in the isolate. In this study, high percentage of MRSE isolates were antibiotic resistant and produced enterotoxin. Considering that these toxins are superantigen and can more intense the complications of clinical and nosocomial infections, detecting and rapid treatment of these infections are essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - بررسی اثر عصاره آبی برگ توت سفید (.Morus alba L) بر میزان قند و چربی های خون در موش های صحرایی نر
رحمت اله پرندین رضا خدارحمی شفیع امینی مقدممقدمه و هدف: دیابت شیرین یکی از مهم ترین مشکلات پزشکی در اغلب کشورها و به ویژه ایران می باشد. این بیماری در واقع ناشی از اختلال در سوخت و ساز قندها، چربی ها و پروتئین های بدن می باشد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش ارزیابی اثر درمانی برگ های گیاه توت سفید (L. Morus alba) بر موش Moreمقدمه و هدف: دیابت شیرین یکی از مهم ترین مشکلات پزشکی در اغلب کشورها و به ویژه ایران می باشد. این بیماری در واقع ناشی از اختلال در سوخت و ساز قندها، چربی ها و پروتئین های بدن می باشد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش ارزیابی اثر درمانی برگ های گیاه توت سفید (L. Morus alba) بر موش های آزمایشگاهی دیابتی شده بود.روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه تجربی تعداد 30 موش بالغ نر نژاد ویستار با وزن بین 200 تا 250 گرم به طور تصادفی در 5 گروه (دو گروه موش سالم و سه گروه دیابتی) تقسیم شدند. در ابتدا سه گروه تجربی با استفاده از تزریق داخل صفاتی mg/kg 60 استرپتوزوتوسین دیابتی شده و به یک گروه از موش های دیابتی روزانه mg/kg600 عصاره آبی توت سفید برای مدت 35 روز خورانده شد. به یک گروه از موش های دیابتی نیز بدون انجام درمان خاص در نظر گرفته شد و گروه دیگر موش های دیابتی نیز روزانه انسولین NPH تزریق شد. یک گروه از موش های سالم روزانه mg/kg600 عصاره آبی توت سفید و گروه دیگر موش های سالم نیز طی همین مدت فقط سرم فیزیولوژیکی دریافت می کردند. در پایان میزان قند و چربی های خون با روش های متداول اندازه گیری شد.نتایج و بحث: در این تحقیق مشخص گردید که عصاره آبی برگ توت سفید سبب کاهش معنی دار غلظت گلوکز (001/0< P)، کلسترول (05/0< P)، تری گلیسرید (01/0< P) و LDL (05/0< P) و افزایش معنی دار میزان HDL (05/0< P) سرم درموش های دیابتی در مقایسه با موش های دیابتی بدون درمان خاص شده است.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که عصاره آبی برگ توت سفید میزان قند و چربی های خون را در موش های سالم تغییر نمی دهد، ولی در موش های دیابتی سبب کاهش مقدار قند و چربی های خون می­شود و در صورت کسب نتایج بالینی مطلوب و با توجه به اینکه برگ این گیاه به وفور یافت می شود ممکن است کمک شایانی به تولید صنعتی داروی کاهش قند خون نماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - ارزیابی خواص ضد دیابتی، ضد چربی خون و آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره آبی پوست Millettia laurentii (Fabaceae) در شرایط In vitro و in vivo
ویلیام آرنولد تازون مارتین فونکوا ماریل آناستازی زالی یوووپ جانویر گوی تاکوئیسو گومتو اینل ماکاموه گابن آزانتسا کینگوBackground & Aim: Hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and dyslipidemia play a major role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and its macro and microvascular complications. Therefore, managing hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and dyslipidemia is an effective way to control MoreBackground & Aim: Hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and dyslipidemia play a major role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and its macro and microvascular complications. Therefore, managing hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and dyslipidemia is an effective way to control diabetes. The present study aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant potential of the aqueous extract of M. laurentii barks.Experimental: The M. laurentii barks were harvested, treated, dried, ground and an aqueous extraction was carried out (1:10 weight/volume). Subsequently, the anti-hyperglycemic (inhibition of α-amylase and invertase activity) and antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging, iron III reduction and metal chelating) properties of the aqueous extract was evaluated in vitro. In the in vivo study, 20 male Wistar strain rats with an average weight of 230 to 250 gramme divided into two groups; a negative control group (NC) and a batch of 15 rats. This last batch received an intraperitoneal injection of 45mg/kg BW of streptozotocin then subdivided into 3 groups of 5 rats: positive control group (PC) receiving distilled water, a test group receiving aqueous extract of M. laurentii barks (AEML) at the dose of 300 mg/kg BW and a reference group receiving metformin at 20 mg/kg BW. After 21 days of experimentation, the animals were sacrificed, the plasma, serum, hemolysate and liver homogenate were used to evaluate the biomarkers of oxidative stress (catalase, MDA), lipid profile (triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol) and immunological biomarkers (CRP and NFS).Results: It emerged that the aqueous extract presented in vitro an anti-hyperglycemic activity (inhibition of invertase and alpha amylase with IC50 values 0.015 and 0.38 mg/mL, respectively) and antioxidant activity (DPPH radicals scavenging, reduction of iron III and inhibition of haemolysis). The extract also reduced in vivo, chronic hyperglycemia by -28.44% after 21 days of treatment, improved endogenous antioxidant status, inflammation and lipid profile.Recommended applications/industries: The findings show that AEML has an anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant properties. Therefore, could be used traditionally in the management of diabetes and its complications in Cameroon. Extending the current control of chronic hyperglycemia is urgently needed in Cameroon to protect human lives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - ارزیابی فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره برگ درخت توت سفید (.Morus alba L)
پریسا صدیق آرا عباس برینمقدمه و هدف: امروزه به سبب عوارض جانبی آنتی اکسیدان های سنتتیک، تمایل به استفاده از آنتی اکسیدان های طبیعی به ویژه با منشأ گیاهی افزایش یافته است. در این مطالعه فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی برگ درخت توت مورد بررسی قرار گرفته شد.روش تحقیق: در ابتدا با توجه به اینکه خاصیت آ Moreمقدمه و هدف: امروزه به سبب عوارض جانبی آنتی اکسیدان های سنتتیک، تمایل به استفاده از آنتی اکسیدان های طبیعی به ویژه با منشأ گیاهی افزایش یافته است. در این مطالعه فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی برگ درخت توت مورد بررسی قرار گرفته شد.روش تحقیق: در ابتدا با توجه به اینکه خاصیت آنتی کسیدانی اکلیل کوهی (Rosmarrnus Officinalis L.) به اثبات رسیده است، این گیاه به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد. عصاره آبی و الکلی رزماری و برگ توت با آزمون ارزیابی احیا یون مس مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سپس میزان مهار لیپید پراکسیداسیون چربی های زرده تخم مرغ توسط توسط عصاره الکلی برگ توت در سه غلظتmg/L 2/0 و 2 و20 توسط آزمون تیوباربیتوریک اندازه گیری شد.نتایج و بحث: یافته های آزمایش نشان داد که قدرت احیا عصاره توت در دو فاز آبی و الکلی از رزماری بیشتر است. هم­چنین میزان لیپید پراکسیداسیون در سیستم زرده تخم مرغ در دو گروه mg/L 2 و 20 به طور معنی داری کاهش یافت.توصیه کاربردی /صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج این بررسی عصاره برگ درخت توت دارای توان آنتی اکسیدانی قابل ملاحظه ای جهت استفاده در صنعت غذا است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - تأثیر ترکیب عصاره اتانولی Spermacoce radiata و Hypselodelphyspoggeana در جلوگیری از آسیب کلیوی و اختلالات چربی خون در موش های صحرایی مبتلا به هیپرپلازی خوش خیم پروستات
رابرت اورکو پوول آنیام امانوئل اویو اوبینا آجاBackground & Aim: A combined ethanol extract of Spermacoce radiata and Hypselodelphyspoggeana leaves are used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, but there is no scientific data on its safety level and effects on vital organs and biochemical parameter MoreBackground & Aim: A combined ethanol extract of Spermacoce radiata and Hypselodelphyspoggeana leaves are used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, but there is no scientific data on its safety level and effects on vital organs and biochemical parameters. This study investigated the effects of a combined ethanol extract of Spermacoce radiata and Hypselodelphyspoggeana leaves (CESHL) on the lipid profile and kidney function of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) induced rats.Experimental: A total of 21 rats were used for the acute toxicity study, while 30 were randomly distributed into five groups comprising six rats each (n = 6) for the BPH study. Group 1 served as normal control, while group 2 was BPH control that received 5 mg/kg of testosterone propionate/day for 28 consecutive days without treatment. Groups 3 – 5 received 5 mg/kg of testosterone propionate/day for 28 days but after an hour, they treated with 5 mg/kg of finasteride, 200 and 600mg/kg of CESHL/day, respectively, for 28 days.Results: The acute toxicity result of CESHL indicated no mortality or any sign of toxicity. Administration of the extract caused a significant reduction (p<0.05) of theprostate weight, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), urea and creatinine concentrations in the treated groups when compared to the BPH control. A significant increase (P<0.05) in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) concentration was observed in all treated groups when compared to the BPH control group. Histological outcomes of rats’ kidneys corroborated these findings.Recommended applications/industries: These results indicate that the combined extracts possess antilipidemic and nephroprotective effects, which might help in the management of complications that might arise during BPH. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - اثر عصاره ریشه Suregada zanzibariensis (Baill) بر سطح قند خون، پروفایل لیپیدی و بافت شناسی پانکراس در موش های صحرایی دیابتی ناشی از استرپتوزوتوسین-نیکوتینامید
ژاپت جوزفات سیپریان امپیندا راس ماسوBackground & Aim: Ethnobotanical studies have shown that Suregada zanzibariensis roots are used by traditional healers and the community for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the ethyl acetate extra MoreBackground & Aim: Ethnobotanical studies have shown that Suregada zanzibariensis roots are used by traditional healers and the community for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the ethyl acetate extract of Suregada zanzibariensis roots (EAESZ) on blood sugar levels, lipid profile, and pancreatic histology in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats.Experimental: Rats were induced to have diabetes by interstitial injection of streptozotocin nicotinamide, followed by daily oral administration of the ethyl acetate extract of Suregada zanzibariensis roots (EAESZ) for 28 days at doses of 350, 500, and 700 mg/kg body weight. The effect of EAESZ on serum lipid profiles and pancreatic β-cells in diabetic rats were examined after 28 days of administration of the extract. While fasting, blood glucose levels were measured every seven days.Results: The administration of EAESZ at doses of 350, 500, and 750 mg/kg significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose levels compared to the diabetic control rats. Also, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride (TG) levels decreased while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels increased in all treated groups compared to diabetic control rats. Furthermore, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in body weight of treated diabetic rats compared to standard control diabetic rats, while there was a significant difference (P<0.05) with diabetic control rats.Recommended applications/industries: These results indicate that EAESZ has high antidiabetic potential along with significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. However, more studies are needed to identify and isolate compounds responsible for those properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - اثرات تعدیلکننده پیاز و کوئرستین بر شاخصهای آتروژنیک، بیوشیمیایی سرمی و هماتولوژیک در سمیت ناشی از برومات پتاسیم در موشهای صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار
سلیمان آگو احمد آکینتولا دبورا مشیویه مایکل گبادگسین اویرونکه اودونولاBackground & Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Allium cepa on the atherogenic, serum biochemical, and hematologic indices in Wistar rats administered KBrO3.Experimental: Forty male rats assigned into 8 groups (n=5) in which groups A, MoreBackground & Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Allium cepa on the atherogenic, serum biochemical, and hematologic indices in Wistar rats administered KBrO3.Experimental: Forty male rats assigned into 8 groups (n=5) in which groups A, B, C, D, and E received distilled water (2 mL), KBrO3 (50 mg/kg), quercetin 70 mg/kg, aqueous extract of Allium cepa (AEAC) at 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, respectively. Groups F, G, and H received KBrO3 with AEAC at 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and quercetin, respectively, on alternate days for 3 months.Results: The phytochemical analysis of the AEAC revealed the presence and absence of some phytochemical constituents. The Acute toxicity result indicated that AEAC has an LD50 above 5000mg/kg. KBrO3 caused a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the haematological parameters relative to the control but administration of KBrO3 with AEAC or quercetin improved the parameters. KBrO3 caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), but significantly (P<0.05) lower level of HDL-C. Treatment with KBrO3 and AEAC or quercetin significantly (P<0.05) abrogated these KBrO3-induced alterations. Similar ameliorative effects of AEAC were found in KBrO3-induced alterations in atherogenic indices, such as Castelli's Risk Index I (CRI-1), Castelli's Risk Index II (CRI-II), Atherogenic Coefficient (AC), and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) indices relative to the control.Recommended applications/industries: According to the present results, AEAC showed amelioration against KBrO3-induced derangement in the haematological, lipid, and atherogenic indices and it might be helpful in the management of cardiovascular problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - اثرات پیشگیرانه برگ Ixora coccinea بر مشخصات هماتولوژیک، بیوشیمیایی و آتروژنیک در موش های صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار که داروی ضد سرطان سیس پلاتین تجویز کرده اند
سولومان آگو ورونیکا اوچیگبو ویکتور آکو اولوو اولوو ناتانیل رابو کریستین ازیBackground & Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the prophylactic effects of hydroethanolic extract of Ixora coccinea leaf (HEICL) on Cisplatin (cis diamminedichloroplatinum-II, CDDP)-induced alteration in atherogenic, haematological, and biochemical profiles MoreBackground & Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the prophylactic effects of hydroethanolic extract of Ixora coccinea leaf (HEICL) on Cisplatin (cis diamminedichloroplatinum-II, CDDP)-induced alteration in atherogenic, haematological, and biochemical profiles in male Wistar ratsExperimental: Thirty male rats were assigned into 6 groups (n=5) in which groups A, B, C, and D received normal saline (0.2 mL), CDDP (10 mg/kg), HEICL at 200 mg/kg, and HEICL at 400mg/kg. Groups E and F received CDDP 10 mg/kg with HEICL at 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Results: The phytochemical analysis of the AEAC revealed the presence of some phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, reducing sugar, phenol, resin, and volatile oil. However, glycosides, steroids, and anthraquinone were absent. The Acute toxicity result indicated that HEICL has an LD50 above 5000mg/kg. CDDP caused a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the haematological parameters relative to the control but administration of CDDP with HEICL improved the parameters. CDDP caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), but a significantly (P<0.05) lower level of HDL. Treatment with CDDP and HEICL significantly (P<0.05) abrogated these CDDP-induced alterations. Similar ameliorative effects of HEICL were found in CDDP-induced alterations in atherogenic indices, such as Castelli's Risk Index I (CRI-1), Castelli's Risk Index II (CRI-II), Atherogenic Coefficient (AC), and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) indices relative to the control.Recommended applications/industries: The above study suggests that HEICLmay be useful in treating heart conditions because it protects against CDDP-induced alterations in the haematological, lipid, and atherogenic parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - بررسی اثرعصاره گیاه کرفس کوهی بر تغییرات پروفایل لیپیدی سرم و آنزیم های کبدی در سگ های نژاد ژرمن شفرد
اردلان معینی سام ترکان فاطمه ملک پورBackground & Aim:Nowadays, attention has increasingly been directed toward the treatment of animal’s disease using medicinal herbs. This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff extract on dog serum biochemical parameters a MoreBackground & Aim:Nowadays, attention has increasingly been directed toward the treatment of animal’s disease using medicinal herbs. This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff extract on dog serum biochemical parameters and hepatica enzymes over time. Experimental: 32 adult dogs were randomly assigned to four groups. The first (control) group did not receive any pharmaceutical compound. The second group received 150 mg/kg of hydro-alcoholic extract of k.odoratissima. The third and the forth groups received 300 and 450 mg/kg of the extract, respectively. Finally, the blood samples were collected on days 0, 5, 10, and 15 for serum biochemical parameters analysis including the level of blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferases, and alkaline phosphatase. Results: Comparing to the control group, the levels of fast blood sugar, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, trigliceride, cholesterol, Alanin aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in treated groups were significantly different over time and at various doses of the extract (P<0.05). However, the level of Alkaline-phosphatase (ALP) factor did not change throughout this study (P>0.05). Recommended applications/industries: Considering the results of this study, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic and antioxidant effects of Kelussia odoratissima can be concluded. Then, the possibility of employing K. odoratissima extract in drugs for the treatment of mentioned diseases can be suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - اثر ضد دیابت، ضد دیس لیپیدمی، محافظت کننده، و محافظتی کبدی عصاره اتانولی برگ Jatropha tanjorensis بر دیابت ناشی از آلوکسان در موش صحرایی
چیکا اونبو اوبینا آجا چینوندو نوروم جوزفات اونووسونیه کیوما دورو اوبینا جوئلBackground & Aim: Management/ treatment of illness and maintenance of well-being using herbal medicines is the oldest and most popular form of healthcare practice known to humankind that has been practiced by all cultures in all ages throughout the history of evolut MoreBackground & Aim: Management/ treatment of illness and maintenance of well-being using herbal medicines is the oldest and most popular form of healthcare practice known to humankind that has been practiced by all cultures in all ages throughout the history of evolution. The ethanol extract of Jatropha tanjorensis leave was evaluated for it pharmacological potency in alloxan-induced diabetes in albino rats.Experimental: Twenty-four adult male albino rats weighing 120-180g were randomly divided into six groups of four rats per group. Group I (Normal control) were given 0.2 mL of water. Group II (Negative control): were untreated diabetic rats. Group III were Diabetic rats treated with reference drug (glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg b.wt) which served as positive control. Group IV – VI were Diabetic rats treated with Jatropha tanjorensis leaf extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.wt, 400 mg/kg b.wt, and 600 mg/kg b.wt, respectively. Administrations were done orally for 14 days. Blood was collected from the tail of the rats to determine the blood glucose level on the 4th, 9th and 14th day of the study.Results: The extract significantly reduced the blood glucose level. The Jatropha tanjorensis leaf extract showed dose dependent significant (P<0.05) decrease in the triacylglycerol (TAG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), Cholesterol, total white blood cell (TWBC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, urea, creatinine level as well as significant (P<0.05) increase in hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and albumin level when compared with diabetic untreated group (negative control). Diabetic-related alteration in rat serum biochemical indices were significantly improved by the extract.Recommended applications/industries: The outcome of the research gave credence to the folk use Jatropha tanjorensis leaf in the treatment of diabetes and its health related dysfunctions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - بررسی فعالیت ضد دیابتی و کاهش دهندگی چربی در Solenostemon monostachyus
جواد اکوکون لوییس آمازو لوکی نوییدامقدمه و هدف: Solenostemon monostachyus هنوز اهمیت خود را به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی سنتی در درمان برخی از بیماریها از جمله دیابت ملیتوس در بین مردمان ایبی بیو از دست نداده است. البته بسیاری از این ادعاهای دارویی هنوز نیاز به تایید از نظر علوم دارویی دارند. بنابراین ه Moreمقدمه و هدف: Solenostemon monostachyus هنوز اهمیت خود را به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی سنتی در درمان برخی از بیماریها از جمله دیابت ملیتوس در بین مردمان ایبی بیو از دست نداده است. البته بسیاری از این ادعاهای دارویی هنوز نیاز به تایید از نظر علوم دارویی دارند. بنابراین هدف در این تحقیق استفاده از عصاره Solenostemon monostachyus برای کنترل دیابت در یک ارزیابی علمی بوده است. روش تحقیق: عصاره خام و فراکشنهایS. monostachyus (225-75 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) برای ارزیابی فعالیت ضد دیابتی در موشهای دیابتی شده با آلوکسان مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و فعالیت ضد دیابتی در مطالعات حاد و بلند مدت ارزیابی شد. از گلی بن کلامید به میزان 10 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم به عنوان نمونه کنترل مثبت استفاده شد. سطح گلوکز خون(BGL) با استفاده از گلوکومتر اندازه گیری شده و سطح لیپیدهای مختلف با استفاده از کیتهای شناسایی Randox تخمین زده شد. نتایج و بحث: تیمار موشهای دیابتی شده با آلوکسان توسط عصاره/فراکشنهای عصاره باعث کاهش معنی داری (P<0.001) در BGL در مطالعات حاد و بلند مدت شد( دو هفته). فعالیت عصاره و فراکشنها قابل مقایسه با گروه گلی بن کلامید در بلند مدت بود. تیمار با S. monostachyus باعث کاهش قابل توجه در کلسترول کل، تری گلیسریدها، LDL، VLDL و افزایش در HDL در گروه دیابتی تیمار شده شد. توصیه های کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج نشان داد که عصاره S. monostachyus دارای تاثیرات ضد دیابتی و کاهنده چربی بر روی موشهای دیابتی شده باآلوکسان است که می تواند به منظور کنترل دیابت مورد بهره برداری قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره متانولی Uapacato genensis در موشهای تحت تاثیر Plasmodium berghei NK65
امینا بوسولا اولوروکوبا بن احمد چیدو یحیی محمدثانیBackground & Aim: Oxidative stress has been linked to the development of systemic complications in malaria infection. Recent approaches in treatment of malaria suggest that the control of oxidative stress in infected patients may be of therapeutic advantage. Th MoreBackground & Aim: Oxidative stress has been linked to the development of systemic complications in malaria infection. Recent approaches in treatment of malaria suggest that the control of oxidative stress in infected patients may be of therapeutic advantage. The stem bark and leaves of Uapaca togoensis are used locally in the treatment of various diseases including malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the methanol stem bark extract of the plant in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Experimental: Mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml of parasitized erythrocytes and parasitemia level assessed after 72 h by the preparation of thin blood films stained with Geimsa stain. The mice were divided into five groups of six mice each. Groups I and V were administered with distilled water (10 ml/kg) and chloroquine (5 mg/kg) orally for four days. The extract at doses of 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg were orally administered to groups II, III and IV, respectively, for the same period. Mice were sacrificed under light chloroform. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture and centrifuged at 2,500 rpm for 15 minutes to obtain the serum. The serum was then analyzed to determine the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde - MDA). Results: Oral median lethal dose of the methanol stem bark extract of Uapacatogoensis was estimated to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg. Administration of the extract to P. berghei infected mice produced a significant (p<0.05) increase in superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and catalase levels in. However, a significant (p<0.05) decrease in lipid peroxidation activity in the parasitized mice was observed. Recommended applications/industries: The plant possesses antioxidant property which can be exploited in the .management of oxidative stress caused by malaria Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - تأثیر عصاره اتانولی دانه Melia azedarach L. بر تخم ریزی و تفریخ تخم کنه Tetranychus urticae Koch
مهلا اشرف جو کمال احمدی حاجی محمد تکلوزاده یکتا بنی آدمی آزیتا نظریانمقدمه و هدف: کنهTetranychus urticae ‎‏ یکی از مهمترین آفات محصولات زراعی، گیاهان زینتی و گیاهان گل­خانه ای در جهان است ‏که به 900 گونه گیاهی خسارت می زند. مقاومت در برابر حشره کش ها و کنه کش ها تحقیقات را به سمت تولید یک روش ‏جدید برای کنترل این آفات Moreمقدمه و هدف: کنهTetranychus urticae ‎‏ یکی از مهمترین آفات محصولات زراعی، گیاهان زینتی و گیاهان گل­خانه ای در جهان است ‏که به 900 گونه گیاهی خسارت می زند. مقاومت در برابر حشره کش ها و کنه کش ها تحقیقات را به سمت تولید یک روش ‏جدید برای کنترل این آفات هدایت می کند. حشره کش های گیاهی گروه مهمی از تولیدات طبیعی هستند که معمولاً در ‏مقایسه با حشره کش های مرسوم برای محیط و بشر ضرر کمتری دارند. عصاره زیتون تلخ دارای اثرات حشره کشی ‏و ضد تغذیه ای است. در مطالعه­ی حاضر اثر عصاره اتانولی دانه این گیاهM. ‎azedarach ‎‏ بر تفریخ تخم (زمان و درصد تفریخ) و تخم گذاری‎ ‎کنه تارتن در شرایط آزمایشگاه بررسی شد. روش تحقیق: تیمارها شامل تیمار عصاره­ی اتانولی گیاهی (‏mg/ml ‏36) و تیمار کنترل با اتانول 95 درصد بود.‏‎ ‎اثر زیر کشنده عصاره ‏گیاهی با استفاده از روش ‏‎ Spraying bioassay‏تعیین شد. نتایج و بحث: در مرحله تخم بعد از استفاده عصاره طول دوران جنینی به طور معنی داری طولانی تر از شاهد بود؛ به ترتیب با میانگین± خطای استاندارد 05/0±24/5 و0/04±4/85 روز. هم­چنین درصد تفریخ تخم کنه در تیمار شاهد بیشتر از تیمار عصاره گیاهی بود. عصاره اتانولی گیاهی روی رفتار تخم ریزی کنه تارتن اثرات زیان­بار قابل ملاحظه ای دارد. به­طوری­که در طول 4 روز آزمایش، میانگین±خطای استاندارد کل تخم ریزی کنه در این مدت به ترتیب در تیمار عصاره گیاهی و شاهد معادل 65/0±95/2 و 33/1±17/12 برآورد گردید. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به این نتایج می­توان عصاره اتانولی دانه زیتون تلخ را به عنوان یک جایگزین برای سموم رایج مصنوعی علیه این آفت معرفی کرد. البته لازم به توجه است که جهت استفاده از این ترکیب گیاهی و فرموله کردن آن نیاز به بررسی های علمی بیشتری در سطوح بیوشیمیایی و فن آوری می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
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186 - مکانیسم سیستم دفاع آنتی اکسیدانی غیر آنزیمی در اندام های مختلف Catharanthus roseus برای محافظت از غشای سلولی
شاهین مردانی نژاد رمضانعلی خاوری نژاد سارا سعادتمند فرزانه نجفی پرویز آبرومند آذرمقدمه و هدف: وقتی سطح رادیکال های آزاد افزایش می یابد و سیستم های آنزیمی و ملکول های کوچک آنتی اکسیدانی قادر به محافظت از موجود زنده نباشد، دریافت آنتی اکسیدان از منابع خارجی لازم به نظر می رسد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی توان آنتی اکسیدانی قسمت های مختلف کاتارانتوس Moreمقدمه و هدف: وقتی سطح رادیکال های آزاد افزایش می یابد و سیستم های آنزیمی و ملکول های کوچک آنتی اکسیدانی قادر به محافظت از موجود زنده نباشد، دریافت آنتی اکسیدان از منابع خارجی لازم به نظر می رسد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی توان آنتی اکسیدانی قسمت های مختلف کاتارانتوس روزئوس انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: پتانسیل آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره های اتانولی ریشه ها، ساقه ها، برگ ها، گل ها، غلاف دانه ها و دانه های گیاه کاتارانتوس روزئوس بر اساس مهار رادیکال آزاد 1، 1-دی فنیل-2-پیکریل هیدرازیل (DPPH)، مهار پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی بوسیله روش فریک تیوسیانات (FTC) و مهار مالون دی آلدئید با روش تیوباربیوتریک اسید (TBA) در مقابل استانداردهای بوتیلیت هیدروکسی تولوئن (BHT)، بوتیلیت هیدروکسی آنیسول (BHA) و آسکوربیک اسید مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: محتوای فنلی در ریشه (58/2±61/61 میکروگرم معادل گالیک اسید در هر میلی گرم وزن خشک عصاره) طبق روش فولین-سیوکالتیو بیشتر از سایر اندامها بود. در مهار نیمی از رادیکال های آزاد DPPH عصاره ریشه، بذر و برگ به ترتیب با 02/2±9/238 ، 42/1±78/253 و 56/2±95/277 میکرو گرم در میلی لیتر بهترین عملکرد را داشتند. در مهار پراکسیداسیون لینولئیک اسید، عصاره ریشه بهترین قدرت مهاری را بعد از آسکوربیک اسید و BHT داشت و عصاره های برگ و دانه عملکردی مشابه با BHA داشتند. در مهار مالون دی آلدئید عصاره ریشه و دانه به ترتیب با 54/0±68/78 و 66/0±44/77 درصد نسیت به سایر عصاره ها بهترین عملکرد را داشتند. ضریب تشخیص پیرسون بین محتوای فنلی و ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره ها مطابق روش های DPPH، FTC و TBAبالا و معادل 838/0-، 895/0 و 740/0 بود. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج این تحقیق می تواند نوید بخش استفاده از توان آنتی اکسیدانی اندام این گیاه بویژه در مهار رادیکال های آزاد و پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - اثر اسانس های آویشن دنایی و مرزه بختیاری بر لیپو پروتئین های پلاسما در موش های صحرایی تغذیه شده با رژیم غذایی پرچرب
مهرنوش نظری رامش منجمی عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی محسن جعفریان دهکردی مجید ریاحی دهکردیمقدمه و هدف: هیپرلیپدمی از ریسک فاکتورهای اصلی در پیشرفت بیماری های قلبی عروقی می­باشد. آویشن دنایی(Thymus deanensisCelak) و مرزه بختیاری(Saturejabachtiarica Bunge) گیاهانی دارویی و معطری هستند که شاید به دلیل داشتن متابولیت­های ثانویه مهم در آن­ها نقش مناسب Moreمقدمه و هدف: هیپرلیپدمی از ریسک فاکتورهای اصلی در پیشرفت بیماری های قلبی عروقی می­باشد. آویشن دنایی(Thymus deanensisCelak) و مرزه بختیاری(Saturejabachtiarica Bunge) گیاهانی دارویی و معطری هستند که شاید به دلیل داشتن متابولیت­های ثانویه مهم در آن­ها نقش مناسبی در بهبود هیپرلیپدمی داشته باشند. روش بررسی: در این تحقیق اثرات هیپولیپدمیک اسانس دو گونه مذکور در موش­های صحرایی تغذیه شده با جیره­غذایی پرچرب مورد­بررسی قرار­گرفتند. تعداد 40 سر موش صحرایی نر و ماده بالغ (20 سر در هر گروه) با میانگین وزن 190 تا 220 گرم به صورت تصادفی به 5 گروه 8 تایی تقسیم شدند. گروه­های آزمایشی در این مطالعه شامل 1) جیره شاهد؛ 2) جیره شاهد+ جیره پر چرب؛ 3) جیره پر چرب+ لوواستاتین؛ 4) جیره پر چرب+ اسانس آویشن دنایی(دز 200 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم)؛ 5) جیره پر چرب+ اسانس مرزه بختیاری(دز 200 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) بودند. یک هفته بعد از شروع جیره غذایی خاص، حیوانات به مدت سه هفته تحت تیمارها فوق قرار­گرفتند. پس از طی این مدت سرم و پلاسما جهت اندازه­گیری لیپیدها و انجام سایر آزمایشات بیوشیمیایی جدا شد. نتایج و بحث:نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که اسانس آویشن­دنایی در موش­های صحرایی تغذیه شده با جیره­غذایی پر­چرب به صورت معنی­داری سطح لیپوپروتئین های با چگالی پائین(LDL) را کاهش داد(05/0>p). هم­چنین اسانس مرزه بختیاری تا حدودی سطح لیپوپروتئین های با چگالی بالا(HDL) را افزایش داد(05/0p)، به طوری که کمترین و بیشترین میزان تری­گلیسریدها به ترتیب متعلق به گروه دریافت کننده اسانس آویشن دنایی و گروه دریافت­کننده جیره پر­چرب بود. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که اسانس آویشن­ دنایی و مرزه بختیاری دارای اثرات آنتی لیپدمیک قوی در موش­های تغذیه شده با جیره­غذایی پر­چرب می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی اسانس میوه گلپر برفی (Heracleum lasiopetalum Boiss) بر خواص شیمیایی چیپس سیب زمینی
لیلا صداقت بروجنی محمد حجت الاسلامی جواد کرامت عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطیمقدمه و هدف: آنتی­ اکسیدان های شیمیایی، اکسیداسیون چربی و ترکیبات حاصل از آن به عنوان عوامل سرطان زا در مواد غذایی شناخته می شوند. در این مطالعه اثر اسانس میوه گلپر برفی با نام محلی کرسوم بر اکسیداسیون روغن و خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی چیپس سیب زمینی در مقایسه با آنتی Moreمقدمه و هدف: آنتی­ اکسیدان های شیمیایی، اکسیداسیون چربی و ترکیبات حاصل از آن به عنوان عوامل سرطان زا در مواد غذایی شناخته می شوند. در این مطالعه اثر اسانس میوه گلپر برفی با نام محلی کرسوم بر اکسیداسیون روغن و خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی چیپس سیب زمینی در مقایسه با آنتی اکسیدان های متداول BHA و TBHQ بررسی شده است. روش تحقیق: اسانس میوه گلپر برفی به روش تقطیر با آب توسط کلوینجر استخراج شد و توسط روش GC/MS به منظور تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی آن تجزیه شد. اسانس به روغن سرخ کردن چیپس های سیب زمینی در غلظت 3000 قسمت در میلیون اضافه گردید و اثر آنتی اکسیدانی آنبر چیپس های تولید شده با اندازه گیری عدد پراکسید، تیوباربیتوریک اسید و اسیدیته روغن استخراجی از چیپس مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. BHA و TBHQ به عنوان آنتی اکسیدان های متداول در غلظت 200 قسمت در میلیون اضافه شدند و روند کاهش اکسیداسیون در 45 روز ارزیابی شد. نتایج و بحث: اسانس میوه گلپربرفی مانند آنتی اکسیدان های سنتزی می تواند اکسیداسیون را کاهش دهد. تست TBA نشان داد که اسانس گلپر برفی در کاهش واکنش اولیه TBAنسبت به BHA موثرتر است در حالی که TBHQ کمترین مقدار را داشته است. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: اسانس میوه گلپربرفی دارای فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی است که می تواند به عنوان آنتی اکسیدان طبیعی در مواد غذایی در طول نگهداری استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - An epidemic model for the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS with different clinical stages
Sandip Omar -
Open Access Article
190 - AIDS Epidemic Modeling With Different Demographic Structures
Agraj Tripathi Ram Naresh -
Open Access Article
191 - Garlic: An Alternative to Antibiotics in Poultry Production, A Review
ب. نویدشاد ب. دارابی قانع م. ملکی -
Open Access Article
192 - اثرات سطوح مختلف روغن کلزا و طول مدت مخلوطسازی جیره بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه و لیپیدهای خون جوجههای گوشتی
ع. عبدی ع. نوبختاین آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف روغن کلزا و طول مدت مخلوطسازی جیره بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه و غلظت لیپیدهای خون جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش تعداد 288 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 از سن 11 تا 42 روزگی با آرایش فاکتوریل (3×2) شامل سه سطح از Moreاین آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف روغن کلزا و طول مدت مخلوطسازی جیره بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه و غلظت لیپیدهای خون جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش تعداد 288 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 از سن 11 تا 42 روزگی با آرایش فاکتوریل (3×2) شامل سه سطح از روغن کلزا (0، 3 و6 درصد) و دو مدت زمان مخلوطسازی جیره (10 و 15 دقیقه) در 6 تیمار، 4 تکرار و 12 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار در قالب یک طرح کامل تصادفی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. استفاده از روغن کلزا عملکرد جوجهها را بهبود داد (01/0>P). بیشترین مقادیر افزایش وزن روزانه، خوراک مصرفی و وزن نهایی با جیره حاوی 6 درصد روغن کلزا به دست آمد (05/0>P). در اثرات متقابل سطح روغن و طول مدت مخلوطسازی جیره، 6 درصد روغن کلزا و 10 دقیقه مخلوطسازی موجب بهبود عملکرد جوجهها شد (05/0>P). استفاده جیرهای 6 درصد روغن کلزا درصد طحال را افزایش داد (05/0>P). روغن کلزا اثر کاهندگی بر روی غلظت کلسترول خون داشت (05/0>P). کمترین مقدار کلسترول در گروه حاوی 3 درصد روغن کلزا مشاهده شد. مخلوطسازی بیش از 10 دقیقهای جیره موجب افزایش غلظت لیپوپروتئینهای با دانسیته پایین (LDL) در خون شد (05/0>P). در اثرات متقابل، کمترین سطح کلسترول خون با 6 درصد روغن کلزا و 10 دقیقه مخلوطسازی جیره مشاهده شد. به طور کلی در جوجههای گوشتی استفاده از 6 درصد روغن کلزا و مخلوطسازی 10 دقیقهای جیره موجب بهبود عملکرد و کاهش سطح کلسترول خون میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Egg Yolk Cholesterol of Hens Fed Barley Malt Rootlets
S.M. Hashish L.D. Abd El-Samee -
Open Access Article
194 - Effect of Dietary and Animal Factors on Milk Fatty Acids Composition of Grazing Dairy Cows: A Review
A.I. Roca Fernandez A. Gonzalez Rodriguez -
Open Access Article
195 - Assessment of Lipid Metabolism in Broilers against Plant Extract and Probiotic Substance or Their Combined Use
G. Duskaev O. Kvan I. Vershinina S. Rakhmatullin -
Open Access Article
196 - Effect of Tempol in Sasaki Diluent on the Quality and Fertility of Cryopreserved Chicken Semen
M. Shanmugam R.K. Mahapatra -
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197 - Effects of Concentrate Source (Cottonseed vs. Barley)on Milk Performance and Fatty Acids Profile of Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows
A.I. Roca-Fernandez A. Gonzalez-Rodriguez O.P. Vazquez-Yanez J.A. Fernandez-Casado -
Open Access Article
198 - Effect of Different Levels of Chromium Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Meat Oxidative Stability and Ruminal Metabolites of Male Goat Kids
A. Emami A. Zali M. Ganjkhanlou A. Hozhabri A. Akbari Afjani -
Open Access Article
199 - اثرات سطوح مختلف اشباع و غیر اشباع و ترکیب آنها در دورههای رشد و پایانی بر عملکرد تولید و چربیهای خون جوجههای گوشتی
گ.ف. بیگی ع. نوبختاین آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف چربیهای اشباع و غیر اشباع و ترکیب آنها در دورههای رشد و پایانی بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه و سطح چربیهای خون جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش تعداد 432 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 از 11 تا 42 روزگی در 9 گروه آزمایشی و 4 Moreاین آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف چربیهای اشباع و غیر اشباع و ترکیب آنها در دورههای رشد و پایانی بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه و سطح چربیهای خون جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش تعداد 432 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 از 11 تا 42 روزگی در 9 گروه آزمایشی و 4 تکرار و 12 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار در دورههای رشد (11 تا 24 روزگی) و پایانی (25 تا 42 روزگی) در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. گروههای آزمایشی شامل: 1) گروه شاهد (بدون چربی)، 2) گروه حاوی 2 درصد روغن کلزا، 3) گروه حاوی 4 درصد روغن کلزا، 4) گروه حاوی 2 درصد پیه گاوی، 5) گروه حاوی 4 درصد پیه گاوی، 6) گروه حاوی 2 درصد روغن کلزا + 2 درصد پیه گاوی، 7) گروه حاوی 4 درصد روغن کلزا + 2 درصد پیه گاوی، 8) گروه حاوی 2 درصد روغن کلزا + 4 درصد پیه گاوی و 9) گروه حاوی 4 درصد روغن کلزا + 4 درصد پیه گاوی بودند. در دوره رشد، سطوح و منابع مختلف چربی اثرات معنیداری بر عملکرد جوجهها نداشتند. در دوره پایانی بیشترین مقدار افزایش وزن روزانه و بیشترین وزن نهایی در گروه 8 به دست آمد (05/0>P). در کل دوره تغذیه بهترین ضریب تبدیل خوراک و بیشترین وزن نهایی در گروه 8 مشاهده شد (05/0>P). کمترین مقادیر روده، چربی بطنی، سنگدان و کبد متعلق به گروه شاهد بود (05/0>P). با این وجود، در خصوص این صفات تفاوتی بین گروه شاهد و گروه 8 مشاهده شد. استفاده از سطوح مختلف چربیهای اشباع و غیر اشباع در دورههای رشد و پایانی اثرات معنیداری بر سطح چربیهای خون جوجهها نداشت (05/0<P). نتایج نهایی نشان داد که در جوجههای گوشتی استفاده از مخلوط چربیهای اشباع و غیر اشباع دارای اثرات سودمندی بر عملکرد آنها میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - اثرات متابولیت مایع لاکتوباسیلوس پلانتاروم و پوترسین بر عملکرد رشد، پلیآمینها بافت، لیپیدهای خون و مورفولوژی روده در جوجههای گوشتی
س.م. هاشمی تی.سی. لوه اچ.ال. فوواین آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثرات متابولیت مایع تولیدشده توسط لاکتوباسیلوس پلانتاروم و پوترسین موجود در جیره غذایی بر عملکرد رشد، لیپیدهای خون، ارتفاع ویلی، عمق کریپت و پلیآمینهای بافت روده و شیرابه گوارشی در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. شش تیمار غذایی با شش تکرار و با چینش Moreاین آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثرات متابولیت مایع تولیدشده توسط لاکتوباسیلوس پلانتاروم و پوترسین موجود در جیره غذایی بر عملکرد رشد، لیپیدهای خون، ارتفاع ویلی، عمق کریپت و پلیآمینهای بافت روده و شیرابه گوارشی در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. شش تیمار غذایی با شش تکرار و با چینش فاکتوریل عبارت بودند از دو سطح متابولیت مایع (0 و 3/0 درصد) و سه سطح پوترسین (0، 03/0 و 05/0 درصد). عملکرد رشد و غلظت پلیآمینهای شیرابه گوارشی روده و مدفوع به همراه ارتفاع ویلی و عمق کریپت در سن 21 روزگی اندازهگیری شد. کلسترول ، تریگلیسیرید و گلوکز خون در سنین 24، 33 و 40 روزگی اندازهگیری شدند. پوترسین (05/0 درصد) بر وزن بدن، ضریب تبدیل غذایی و راندمان مصرف انرژی و پروتئین تأثیر منفی داشت و در مقایسه با 03/0 درصد پوترسین باعث افزایش معنیدار ارتفاع ویلی در دئودنوم گردید (05/0P<). افزایش سن به طور معنیداری بر کلسترول، تریگلیسیرید و گلوکز خون اثر میگذارد. تریگلیسیرید خون تحت تأثیر 03/0 درصد پوترسین کاهش معنیدار یافت (05/0P<) و اسپرمیدین مدفوع به طور معنیداری در اثر پوترسین (05/0 درصد) افزایش یافت. پلیآمینهای بافت دئودنوم روده در جوجههای تغذیهشده با متابولیت مایع کاهش یافتند در حالیکه میزان پوترسین جیره خوراکی تأثیری بر روی پلیآمینهای بافت روده نداشت. به عنوان یک نتیجه کلی محتوای پلیآمینهای شیرابههای گوارشی روده تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایش واقع نشدند. متابولیت مایع میکروبی با اینکه پلیآمینهای بافت روده را تحت تأثیر قرار داد اما هیچگونه تأثیری بر رشد و غلظت پلیآمینهای شیرابه روده نداشت. در همین حال پوترسین در سطح 05/0 درصد بر رشد جوجهها تأثیر منفی داشت ولیکن باعث افزایش ارتفاع ویلی در منطقه دئودنوم گردید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Growth Performance, Blood Indices and Hormonal Responses of Broiler Chickens Fed Monosodium Glutamate
O.J. Olarotimi O.A. Adu -
Open Access Article
202 - Olive Cake and Barley Malt Rootlets in Hen Diets to Improve Egg Lipids and Fatty Acids
S.M. Hashish L.D. Abd El-Samee -
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203 - The Effects of Lysophospholipid on Performance, Ruminal Bacteria and Some Blood Parameters in Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows
M. Movagharnezhad Y. Chashnidel A. Teimouri Yansari M. Gholizadeh -
Open Access Article
204 - اثرات متابولیکی اسیدهای لینولئیک کونژوگه (CLA) در مرغ: مرور منابع
م. رویان ب. نویدشاداسیدهای لینولئیک کونژوگه (CLA) اجزای طبیعی گوشت و فرآوردههای شیری نشخوارکنندگان هستند که از بیوهیدروژناسیون باکتریایی در شکمبه منشاء می­گیرند. مکمل CLA افزایش فواید سلامتی غذاهای با منشاء حیوانی را در پی دارد. گزارشهای ثابت شدهای از اثرات CLA جیره بر بازدهی تولید Moreاسیدهای لینولئیک کونژوگه (CLA) اجزای طبیعی گوشت و فرآوردههای شیری نشخوارکنندگان هستند که از بیوهیدروژناسیون باکتریایی در شکمبه منشاء می­گیرند. مکمل CLA افزایش فواید سلامتی غذاهای با منشاء حیوانی را در پی دارد. گزارشهای ثابت شدهای از اثرات CLA جیره بر بازدهی تولیدی مرغ در دست است، با این وجود، اکثر گزارشات پیشین به اثرات ضد-لیپدسازی CLA اشاره دارند. جیره­های غذایی می­تواند به گونه­ای تنظیم گردند که غلظت اسیدهای چرب n-3 در گوشت مرغ را توسط مصرف چربیهای n-3 به عنوان جایگزینی برای اجزای جیرهای غنی از اسیدهای چرب n-6، افزایش دهند. بوی نامطلوب و احتمال ایجاد فساد اکسیداتیو طی نگهداری گوشت به سطوح بالای اسیدهای چرب n-3 در جیره­های طیور نسبت داده شده است. یک شیوه پیشنهاد شده برای افزایش غلظت اسیدهای چرب n-3 و کاهش نسبت n-6/n-3 در گوشت، استفاده از اسید لینولئیک کونژوگه در جیره­ها است. این مقاله به مرور نکات اصلی اثرات متابولیکی CLA در مرغ می­پردازد. Manuscript profile -
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205 - Relationship of Lipid Factors in Blood Serum and Seminal Plasma of Afshari Rams
A. Pirestani E. Ziya Motalebipour -
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206 - Lipid Oxidation in M. longissimus dorsi and M. semimembranosus in Lambs Reared Indoors and on Pasture
T. Popova Marinova Marinova -
Open Access Article
207 - تأثیر مکملسازی گلوتامین، بر عملکرد رشد و وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی در جوجههای گوشتی درگیر با سندرم افزایش فشار خونی ریوی (آسیت)
M. Fathi T. Tanha M. Daneshyarمطالعه حاضر با تأکید بر توان دفاعی گلوتامین بر وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی پلاسما و کبد، تغییرات سطوح پراکسیداسیون چربی(MDA)، وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی کل پلاسما (TAS) و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدان (SOD) و آنزیم وابسته به گلوتاتیون (GPX) در پلاسما و کبد جوجههای گوشتی در گیر با سند Moreمطالعه حاضر با تأکید بر توان دفاعی گلوتامین بر وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی پلاسما و کبد، تغییرات سطوح پراکسیداسیون چربی(MDA)، وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی کل پلاسما (TAS) و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدان (SOD) و آنزیم وابسته به گلوتاتیون (GPX) در پلاسما و کبد جوجههای گوشتی در گیر با سندرم آسیت، انجام شد. نمونه برداری از خون و بافت کبد در روزهای 21 و 42 انجام شد. در پایان آزمایش، از هر قفس، 2 جوجه، به طور تصادفی انتخاب شده و بعد از کشتار، قبل آنها برداشته شد و بطن راست و بطن چپ از ناحیه سپتوم، جدا گشته و نسبت بطن راست به کل بطنها (RV/TV)، نیز محاسبه گشت. میانگین خوراک مصرفی، افزایش وزن حاصله و ضریب تبدیل غذایی نیز به طور هفتگی، از روز 15، اندازهگیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که، مکملسازی گلوتامین سبب بهبود ضریب تبدیل غذایی شد (05/0P<). علاوه بر این، مکملسازی گلوتامین در پرندگان آسیتی، سبب کاهش معنیدار MDA در پلاسما و بافت کبد گشت. همچنین، گلوتامین، سبب افزایش هم زمان فعالیت آنزیم GPX در پلاسما و بافت کبد شد. فعالیت آنزیم SOD در پلاسما و کبد، به طور معنیداری تحت تأثیر گلوتامین قرار نگرفت (05/0P>). علاوه بر این، مکملسازی گلوتامین، سبب کاهش معنیدار تلفات آسیتی و RV / TV شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Lack of Association of Ascites Incidence with Growth Characteristics in a Commercial Chicken Strain
M. Karami J. Fayazi K. Hasanpur A. Javanmard H. Varnaseri -
Open Access Article
209 - ابعاد بدنی بزهای نر سوکوتو قرمز در نیجریه و ارتباط آنها با صفات زیستسنجی بیضه
E.O. Ajao M.O. Akinyemi E.O. Ewuola O.H. Osaiyuwuنود راس بز نر سوکوتو قرمز برای ارزیابی ارتباط بین ابعاد بدنی، بیضه و اپیدیدیم در سه گروه سنی (گروه 1: 7-12 ماه، گروه 2: 1-2 سال و گروه 3: بیش از 2 سال) استفاده شدند. اثر سن روی ابعاد بدن و ابعاد بیضه / اپیدیدیم آنالیز شد. یک مدل پیشبینی برای ابعاد صفات بییضه / اپیدیدیم Moreنود راس بز نر سوکوتو قرمز برای ارزیابی ارتباط بین ابعاد بدنی، بیضه و اپیدیدیم در سه گروه سنی (گروه 1: 7-12 ماه، گروه 2: 1-2 سال و گروه 3: بیش از 2 سال) استفاده شدند. اثر سن روی ابعاد بدن و ابعاد بیضه / اپیدیدیم آنالیز شد. یک مدل پیشبینی برای ابعاد صفات بییضه / اپیدیدیم با استفاده از ابعاد بدن دام زنده توسعه داده شد. سن بزهای نر اثر معنیداری (05/0P<) روی وزن بدن، دور شکم، محیط اطراف بیضه، ابعاد صفات مربوط به بیضه و اپیدیدیم (حجم بیضه، وزن بیضه، وزن سر و دم اپیدیدیم) داشت. ضرایب همبستگی بالاتری بین حجم بیضه و وزن آن و بین وزن سر اپیدیدیم و وزن اپیدیدیم در همه گروههای سنی (به ترتیب 99/0r= و 95/0r= در گروه 1، 97/0r= و 95/0r= در گروه 2 و 97/0r= و 93/0r= در گروه 3) مشاهده شد. محیط اطراف کیسه بیضه به طور مستقل با بعضی از ابعاد بیضه یا اپیدیدیم در گروههای 1 و 2 ارتباط داشت. در مدل رگرسیونی خطی چند متغییره همه فراسنجههای بدنی مورد استفاده با بعضی از ابعاد صفات مرتبط با بیضه و اپیدیدیم ارتباط داشتند. نتایج مشخص نمود که انتخاب برای بزهای نر جایگزین اصلاحی بایستی برای بزهای نر تا 2 سال سن با استفاده از دادههای محیط پیرامونی کیسه بیضه انجام شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Measuring the capacity of dilapidated urban fabric in line with the housing supply programs of the target groups, case study: dilapidated fabric of Yazd city
fariba athariThe right to provide housing for the community has been recognized as one of the "citizen's rights" in more developed countries since the twenty th century. In developing countries, housing is considered a basic need, but despite the constant emphasis on the importance MoreThe right to provide housing for the community has been recognized as one of the "citizen's rights" in more developed countries since the twenty th century. In developing countries, housing is considered a basic need, but despite the constant emphasis on the importance of housing as a basic need and fundamental right, a significant percentage of urban households are unable to provide it. In our country, the weakness of resource and land management, economic inflation, lack of comprehensive housing planning and other inadequacies have turned the provision of suitable shelter for citizens, especially low-income groups, into an acute problem. The growing demand for housing in the country has drawn the attention of most officials and planners to meet the housing needs of citizens, so that governments have tried to solve this problem with different policies; However, haste, regardless of the principles and foundations of housing in the heart of cities and land annexation to provide housing and horizontal expansion of cities, has become one of the most important problems of urban development in recent decades. While it seems that by using the existing capacities of the city, it could create a suitable platform for guiding residential development. Yazd city, as one of the big cities of Iran, has suffered the most damage from hasty housing policies, and these local policies have fueled its growth and horizontal expansion by ignoring the internal capacities of the urban fabric in residential development. The current research is applied research in the geographical area of Yazd city and aims to measure the habitability capacity of the dilapidated fabric of Yazd city in order to respond to the housing needs of the target groups of the government's housing supply programs and finally to provide suggested implementation strategies and policies in this direction. Gis software is used in data analysis and SOWT analytical method is used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Investigating the Performance of Integrated Urban Management in Regeneration of Dilapidated Urban Tissues (Case Study: Fakhrabad Neighborhood - Shiraz Metropolis)
Amirabbas Zare ali shamsoddini parisa moshksarThe study of the urbanization system in Iran shows the disproportion between urbanization growth and urban development, and this imbalance is the cause of various urban problems, including dilapidated fabric. Therefore, worn-out urban fabrics are one of the most challen MoreThe study of the urbanization system in Iran shows the disproportion between urbanization growth and urban development, and this imbalance is the cause of various urban problems, including dilapidated fabric. Therefore, worn-out urban fabrics are one of the most challenging issues in the urban space of Iran, which has caused disorganization, balance and unplanned urban life. The important point in this is the traditional performance of Iran's urban management system, which is the main factor in expanding the dimensions of the mentioned challenges. Therefore, according to the studies of this research, the problem of dilapidated tissues in Iranian cities is not only a result of urbanization, but it is caused by the lack of quality of urban management in order to improve the quality of life in these types of tissues. The metropolis of Shiraz, as one of the historical and important cities, has not been spared from these effects and issues. The purpose of this research is to investigate the function of integrated urban management in the regeneration of worn-out tissues in Shiraz metropolis and in Fakhrabad neighborhood. The descriptive-analytical research method and data collection methods are field (survey). The research collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population of this research was made up of citizens living in Fakhr Abad neighborhood of Shiraz, which totaled 1291 people. Based on Cochran's formula, the statistical sample was calculated as 296 people. The result of T-Tech test is an example in the field of measuring the performance of integrated urban management in recreating the worn-out fabric of Fakhrabad. It shows that four indicators including institutional development capacity, institutional integration and partners, institutional arrangements in dealing with the context and knowledge and institutional learning at a level less than 0.05 was significant. Examining the average indicators shows that their condition is evaluated poorly. The best situation is related to the index of institutional cooperation and integration with a value of 2.550 and the worst situation is related to the dimension of institutional knowledge and learning with an average of 2.343. Therefore, the status of all indicators of integrated urban management in recreating the worn-out fabric of Fakhrabad is considered unfavorable. Also, the result of Friedman's test at a level of less than 0.05 shows a significant difference between the indicators of the management of urban kiparche in the dilapidated context, and the biggest difference was related to the index of social capital within the institution, and then the efficiency and productivity of the institution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Examining Two Decades of Intervention Approaches and Policies in Tehran's Dilapidated Urban Landscape Using Grounded Theory
Rama Ghalambordezfooly Maryam Hoseiny MoghadamNowadays, the vulnerability of cities, especially old structures, to natural disasters such as earthquakes has become a global issue for experts in various fields. This issue has become more acute in recent decades for countries like Iran, which have natural and risky s MoreNowadays, the vulnerability of cities, especially old structures, to natural disasters such as earthquakes has become a global issue for experts in various fields. This issue has become more acute in recent decades for countries like Iran, which have natural and risky structures. The main question arises: which approaches and policies have been evaluated as successful in revitalizing worn-out and inefficient urban areas? Furthermore, what is the optimal policy for intervening in the renovation of Tehran's worn-out urban fabric? This research aims to determine the optimal policy and approach for intervening in Tehran's dilapidated urban areas based on experiences, with three sub-goals. The first sub-goal is to describe the indicators and criteria of the approaches and policies used in two decades of intervention in Tehran's dilapidated urban areas, including economic, physical, social, environmental dimensions, and significant thoughts and events. The second sub-goal involves explaining the indicators and criteria of the approaches and policies used in two decades of intervention, expanding upon the dimensions covered in the first sub-goal. Finally, the third sub-goal aims to elucidate the differences between the approaches and policies implemented in two decades of intervention in Tehran's dilapidated urban areas. The research method employed is descriptive-analytical, with grounded theory utilized throughout. This approach led to the formulation of a contextual theory for two decades of intervention in Tehran's dilapidated urban areas, comprising four causal conditions: background, continuity, and consequences. Each of these conditions includes subgroups that have direct or indirect effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Effects of salinity on antioxidant system in ten grape genotypes.
Nayer Mohammadkhani Nasser Abbaspour -
Open Access Article
214 - IPSO-SQP Algorithm for Solving Time Optimal Bang-Bang Control Problems and Its Application on Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
Tahereh Taleshian Abolfazl Ranjbar Noei Reza Ghaderi -
Open Access Article
215 - Geographical Distribution Gastrointestinal Cancer and its Relation with Soil Nitrate Rural Settlement (Case study: Ardabil County)
Rasoul samadzadeh Seyed Saied Azizzadeh Ahmad GhasemiThis research was carried out to study the relation between of soil nitrate accumulation in different areas of Ardabil Plain with gastrointestinal cancers. To conduct research, 34 villages in the suburbs of Ardabil were randomly selected (from each village, 3 samples) a MoreThis research was carried out to study the relation between of soil nitrate accumulation in different areas of Ardabil Plain with gastrointestinal cancers. To conduct research, 34 villages in the suburbs of Ardabil were randomly selected (from each village, 3 samples) and transferred to the soil lab for nitrate measurement. The location of the samples was determined using a GPS device and the corresponding map with GIS technic. At the same time, a questionnaire was distributed among the farmers of the villages studied and completed. The data from laboratory and questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS19 software and the correlation of studied traits was studied. The relationship between consumption and nitrate accumulation from the soil was also studied by T-test. The average nitrate content of Ardabil plain farms was more than the recommended standard and was 414 mg / kg. The results showed that the amount of soil nitrate and nitrate intake per hectare affected the incidence of gastrointestinal cancer (pv <0.05). Based on the results, it was found that gastrointestinal cancer was scattered in the north and northwest areas of the plain and its geographic distribution was consistent with the type of soil containing nitrate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Study of the effects and Consequence of Ecotourism residences on rural communities (Case Study: Kang Rural and Sepidar derakht in Razavi Khorasan Province)
Khadijeh Bouzarjomehri Fahimeh Jafari Alireza MoeiniThe present study was carried out to compare the effects and Consequence of populated settlements in the two villages of Kang (from Torqabeh Shandiz) and the Sepidar tree (from Mashhad city). Theoretical and empirical researches show that habitat residence plays an impo MoreThe present study was carried out to compare the effects and Consequence of populated settlements in the two villages of Kang (from Torqabeh Shandiz) and the Sepidar tree (from Mashhad city). Theoretical and empirical researches show that habitat residence plays an important role in the development and attraction of tourists and has many economic, social and environmental impacts on the host society.Method: The research method is descriptive-analytical and library and field methods are used for data collection. According to the Cochran formula, 184 people from the village of Kang and 77 villages of the Sepidar Derakht were selected as the sample and questioned. Validity (validity of indicators) was evaluated and confirmed by 10 Experts specializing in the field of tourism studies. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by using Cronbach's test (0.79) and the data were analyzed using a factor analysis method.Results: According to the Kizer Meyer test (KMO) and Bartlet test, which was equal to 797 and with a significant level of 0/000. The results show that the establishment of the residence of the economic, environmental and physical dimensions with the rates of 0.75 and 0.74, are the most frequent factors. To find out the difference between the effects of Ecotourism residence in Kang and Villas, Mann- Whitney U- test was used and the level of significance was more than 0.05, which indicates the difference between the economic and environmental impacts of the studied Rurals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Measuring the satisfaction of the quality of life in raw cities (case study: Boostan and Sepidar cities, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces)
Ali Hosseini ali saberiIntroduction: One of the strategies that has been considered in recent decades to raise the standard of living for those who live in rural regions is the concept of converting those places into cities. Due to this policy, several rural communities in Iran have transform MoreIntroduction: One of the strategies that has been considered in recent decades to raise the standard of living for those who live in rural regions is the concept of converting those places into cities. Due to this policy, several rural communities in Iran have transformed into cities during the past few decades.Research Aim: residents' satisfaction with their quality of life in Boostan and Sepidar and examine how the conversion of rural regions into cities has improved their quality of life.Methodology: Also, the research type is applied and the method is descriptive-analytical. The research data were gathered through library study and field research. The residents of the studied cities represent the research's statistical population, which was determined using the Cochran formula with a sample of 270 persons. The research was analyzed using Descriptive Statistics, Kolmogorov– Smirnov test , Friedman test, and ordinal regression.Geographical Area: This study was conducted in Boostan and Sepidar cities in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces.Results: The study's findings indicate that the two cities have varied levels of satisfaction with their of life. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test findings show that Boostan city residents are better satisfied with their quality of life. According to the findings of the Friedman test, place quality in Sepidar city and the educational in Boostan city has the maximum degree of satisfaction. while the the component of economic in both cities have the minimum levels of satisfaction.The results of ordinal regression also demonstrate that whereas the independent factors in Sepidar city have a weak and low influence on the dependent variable of quality of life satisfaction, they have a significant and positive impact in Boostan city.Conclusion: In general, the results of the study show that the policy of promoting settlements and the measures taken have been successful in Boostan in contrast to Sepidar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Regeneration the worn-out urban fabric with a good governance approach (Case study: worn-out texture of the city of Sari)
Mohammad Hakimpour Jalal Azimi Amoli gholam reza janbaz ghobadi Sadroddin MotevalliAbstractIntroduction: our country, a significant part of the old texture of the cities, which often form their primary and main core, has been neglected in the accelerated process of urbanization and urban development programs and have turned into worn-out and inefficie MoreAbstractIntroduction: our country, a significant part of the old texture of the cities, which often form their primary and main core, has been neglected in the accelerated process of urbanization and urban development programs and have turned into worn-out and inefficient urban textures .The subject of this research is the reconstruction of the worn-out texture of the city of Sari with the approach of good urban governance, and in it, an attempt has been made to answer the question of what the city of Sari is like in terms of the indicators of good urban governance and how it can be done using this approach. Recreated the worn-out urban fabric.Purpose: The purpose of research is to recreate the worn-out textures of Sari city with a good governance approach.Research method: It is a combination of library and field methods. In the library method, tools such as articles, statistics, statistical tables, etc. have been used in the field method, direct observation, free interview and researcher-made questionnaire. This information was entered into SPSS software and analyzed by statistical tests. Also, using Smart PLS software, the structural equation model of the research was set.Findings: The findings of the research show that more than 50 percent of the responses to the status of good governance and regeneration indicators are below average, which indicates the unfavorable status of these indicators in the worn-out fabric of Sari city.Results: The results show that there is a significant relationship between good governance and the regeneration of the worn-out urban fabric, and the three indicators of justice, legalism and collectivism have the greatest impact on the regeneration of the worn-out fabric.Key words: good governance, regeneration, dilapidated texture, structural equations, Sari city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - جدول زیستی کنه شکارگر Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) روی Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) ، Carpoglyphus lactis Linnaeus (Acari: Carpoglyphidae) و Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
اصغر حسینی نیا محمد خانجانی مهدیه اسدی جلال سلطانیکنه شکارگر Amblyseius swirskiiیکی از رایج­ترین عوامل کنترل بیولوژیک روی کنه­های مختلف، حشرات آفت از جمله کنه تارتن دونقطه­ای و سفید بالک می­باشد. برای ارزیابی نقش بالقوه این عامل کنترل بیولوژیک، در این مطالعه جدول زیستی کنه A. swirskii روی تخم­ Moreکنه شکارگر Amblyseius swirskiiیکی از رایج­ترین عوامل کنترل بیولوژیک روی کنه­های مختلف، حشرات آفت از جمله کنه تارتن دونقطه­ای و سفید بالک می­باشد. برای ارزیابی نقش بالقوه این عامل کنترل بیولوژیک، در این مطالعه جدول زیستی کنه A. swirskii روی تخم­های کنه T. urticae ، کنه C. lactisو سفید بالک گلخانه T. vaporariorum در شرایط آزمایشگاهی (25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 5% RH and 16 L: 8D) بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد این کنه شکارگر قادر به تغذیه و تکمیل کردن رشد و نمو خود روی سه گونه یاد شده می­باشد. این شکارگر دارای ظرفیت بالای رشد جمعیت خود هنگام تغذیه از کنه تارتن و کنه میوه خشک می­باشد. بنابراین اثر کنترلی روی این آفات در باغ و گلخانه وجود دارد. در تغذیه از سفید بالک T. vaporariorum از آن دو گونه دیگر دارای رشد و نموضعیف­تری­ است و به­طور معنی­داری زمان قبل از تخم­گذاری و مدت زمان طول یک نسل آن افزایش و دوره تخم­گذاری و زادآوری آن کاهش یافت. به­علاوه پارامترهای جدول زندگیاین شکارگرازجمله r، λ وR0 هنگام تغذیه از تخم سفید­بالک به­طور معنی­داری کاهش یافت. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که کنه شکارگر دارای توانایی بالایی به­عنوان یک عامل کنترل بیولوژیکی موثر برای T. urticae ، C. lactis و تاثیر قابل­توجهی در کنترل بیولوژیک T. vaporariorum نیز دارا می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Improving Physiological Quality of Cut Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa cv. Single) Flowers by Continues Treatment with Humic Acid and Nano-Silver Particles
Majid Amani Beni Abdolla Hatamzadeh Ali Nikbakht Mahmud Ghasemnezhad Mohammad ZarchiniTuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) is an important commercial cut flower that has a short vase life. An experiment was carried out by using five different levels of humic acid (HA) (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L-1) and seven different levels of silver nano-particles (SNP) MoreTuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) is an important commercial cut flower that has a short vase life. An experiment was carried out by using five different levels of humic acid (HA) (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg L-1) and seven different levels of silver nano-particles (SNP) (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg L-1) mixed with 1.5% sucrose on cut tuberosa cv. Single flower. The loss of fresh weight on third and sixth days in 25 mg L-1 HA+1.5% sucrose, 50 mg L-1 HA +1.5% sucrose and 75 mg L-1 HA+1.5% sucrose was less compared to other treatments. Also HA decreased lipid peroxidation. Silver nano-particles increased the water uptake, fresh weight, total protein, and declined lipid peroxidation compared to the control. Results showed that suitable levels of HA and SNP lead to better morphological and physiological properties and increase the vase life of cut Tuberose flower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Investigating and explaining the effectiveness of immigrant residents and implementation of intervention plans in dilapidated urban areas (case studies: dilapidated areas of Zeynabiyeh, Ghaemiyeh and Hemmat Abad – Esfahan)
seyyed alireza ememinajafabadi shirin Toghyani hamid saberiSome characteristics of dilapidated fabric such as land ownership type, residential and social space, low price of lands, etc. have become a cause for attraction and settlement of immigrants in such areas. Failure or prolongation of many intervention plans and consequen MoreSome characteristics of dilapidated fabric such as land ownership type, residential and social space, low price of lands, etc. have become a cause for attraction and settlement of immigrants in such areas. Failure or prolongation of many intervention plans and consequently failure of future plans are results of this issue. This research was conducted to investigate effectiveness of immigrant residents on implementation of urban plans.This study is descriptive-analytical and provides an analytical model by explaining two concepts of dilapidated urban fabric and immigrants residing within. In order to evaluate the questionnaire in terms of validity and reliability, statistical analysis tools of SPSS software were used. Also, qualitative and quantitative statistical decision-making techniques were employed for analyzing the data.The three dilapidated area surveyed in this study are located in the city of Esfahan and are considered as marginal areas of this historical city having three distinguished population structures made up from immigrants from other countries, other provinces or within the province. Therefore, given their cultural, social, ethnic and physical differences, these three areas were selected as case studies for investigating and explaining the effectiveness of immigrant residents and implementation of intervention plans in dilapidated urban areas.In the present research, stratified simple random sampling was selected and employed from various sampling methods. The number of questionnaire samples were 226 people from Ghaemiyeh Neighborhood, 60 people from Zeynabiyeh Neighborhood, and 70 people from Hemmat Abad Neighborhood. The result showed that: the more immigrants from within a province, the higher effectiveness of urban collaborative plans; which means there is a significant relationship between status variables of immigrants residing within the dilapidated area and implementation of urban plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Hypolipidemic effect of dill essential oil in hyperlipidemic rats
Tayebeh Moradkhani Maryam Eidi Alireza SaeediniaHyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of essential oil dill on the lipid profile in hyperlipidemic rats. Thirty-six adult male rats were divided into 6 groups including nor MoreHyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of essential oil dill on the lipid profile in hyperlipidemic rats. Thirty-six adult male rats were divided into 6 groups including normal group, control hyperlipidemic group (received 10% lipid in food), hyperlipidemic rats (received atorvastatin at dose of 10 mg/kg, daily) and experimental hyperlipidemic rats (received essential oil of dill at doses 0.5, 1 and 2 ml/kg, daily). After 8 weeks and 12 h fastening, the animals were weighted and anesthetized by ether. The blood and liver sampling was done. The serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, VLDL, AST and ALT levels were measured by kit. The liver sections were stained by haematocilin-eosin method. The result showed that oral treatment of atorvastatin and essential oil of dill decreased weight gain, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, AST and ALT levels and liver damaged, while increased serum HDL level in experimental rats in comparison to control hyperlipidemic rats, significantly. So, essential oil of dill improved lipid profile in hyperlipidemic animal and has antioxidant effect with improving liver tissue and function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Micromorphological tepal epideramal patterns study of Delphinium L. species in IRAN
Masoomeh Hasan Barani فریبا شریف نیا Taher Nejadsattari Mostafa AssadiIn this research the outer tepal of 28 species of Delphinium were micromorphologically studied using Scaning Electron Microscope (SEM). Tepals were examined through electronic microscope observations regarding hair existing, hair form, hair density and tepal epidermal p MoreIn this research the outer tepal of 28 species of Delphinium were micromorphologically studied using Scaning Electron Microscope (SEM). Tepals were examined through electronic microscope observations regarding hair existing, hair form, hair density and tepal epidermal patterns and a separate table was prepared. In this study results showed the species were classified in two groups of hairy and hairless, and regarding the hair diversity in four groups of strigose, villous, crispate and hooked, also tepal epidermal patterns categorized into six groups including the papillae, cup shape, rugose, striate, granular and striate rugose. These results indicate that species complex of D. crispulum, D. elbursense, D. speciosum and D. dasycarpum show differences regarding the type of tepal hair and tepal epidermal patterns. Also, the micromophological study of tepal epidermal pattern, confirmed the separation of D. saniculifolium from D. aquilegifolium and D. tuberosum from D. cyphoplectrum. Keywords: Micromorphology, Tepal epidermal pattern, SEM, Delphinium, IRAN Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - The effect of methanol extract of Lippia citrodoria in the prevention and control of IBD induced by acetic acid in mice
maryam teimouri Fariba KhosravinejadInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition of the intestine with unknown etiology involving multiple immune, genetic and environmental factors. We were interested to examine the effect of extract from Lippia citrodoria, a medicine plant in prevention and co MoreInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition of the intestine with unknown etiology involving multiple immune, genetic and environmental factors. We were interested to examine the effect of extract from Lippia citrodoria, a medicine plant in prevention and control of experimental mouse IBD. L.citrodoria was administered (50, 150.200 mg/kg) through drinking water to IBD mice (induced by intrarectal administration of acid-induced). Prednisolone was used as the standard drug for comparison. Biochemical, macroscopic and microscopic examination of colon were performed. Biochemical evaluation of inflamed colon was done using assay of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and thiobarbituric acid reaction substances(TBARS) concentration as indicators of free radical activity and cells lipid peroxidation. Results indicated that the activity of MPO and lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) increased in acetic acid-treated group while recovered by pretreatment of animals with L.citrodoria (50,150,200 mg/kg) and prednisolone. L.citrodoria (50-100mg/kg) and prednisolone. L.citrodoria (50-200 mg/kg) and prednisolone-treated groups showed significantly lower score values of macroscopic and microscopic characters when compared to the acetic acid – treated group. The benefical effect of L.citrodoria ( 200mg/kg) was comparable to that of prednisolone.It is concludes that the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory potentials of L.citrodoria might be the mechanisms by which this extract protects animals against experimentally induced IBD. Proper clinical investigation should be carried out to confirm the activity in human Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Hypolipidemic effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on serum lipid profile and PPAR-gamma gene expression in adipose tissue of hyperlipidemic male rats
Maryam Eidi Mahdieh MohseniHyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-methanolic extract of fenugreek on the serum lipids and PPAR-gamma gene expression in the adipose tissue of hyperlipidemic ra MoreHyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-methanolic extract of fenugreek on the serum lipids and PPAR-gamma gene expression in the adipose tissue of hyperlipidemic rats. Thirty-six adult male rats randomly were divided into 6 groups including normal group, control hyperlipidemic group (received 10% lipid in food), positive control hyperlipidemic rats (received atorvastatin at dose of 10 mg/kg, daily) and experimental hyperlipidemic rats (received extract at doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, daily). After 8 weeks and 12 h fastening, the animals were weighted and anesthetized by ether. The liver was removed and weighted. The blood and adipose tissue sampling were done. The weight gain, liver index, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, AST and ALT levels were measured by kit and PPAR-gamma gene expression in the adipose tissue was evaluated by real-time PCR. The results showed that oral treatment of atorvastatin and extract of fenugreek decreased weight gain, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, AST and ALT levels and PPAR-gamma gene expression in adipose tissue, while increased serum HDL level in experimental hyperlipidemic rats compared to control hyperlipidemic rats, significantly. So, the extract of fenugreek improved lipid profile and then down-regulated PPAR-gamma gene expression in adipose tissue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Investigation of correlation between rheological and physico-mechanical properties of rubber compound based on NR with NR’s Lipid content by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy
Zohreh Asghari-Barzegar Saeed Taghvaei-Ganjali Mercedeh Malekzadeh Fereshteh MotieeIn this study correlation between rheological and some physico-mechanical properties of rubber compound based on Natural Rubber (NR) with NR’s lipid content was investigated by simple, fast and non distractive attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared MoreIn this study correlation between rheological and some physico-mechanical properties of rubber compound based on Natural Rubber (NR) with NR’s lipid content was investigated by simple, fast and non distractive attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that NR’s lipid content had satisfactory correlation with rheological and some physico-mechanical properties of rubber compound based on NR. Also for evaluation of obtained models SMR 20 JU-based rubber compound was selected as case study. The results showed that Ts2, T’c90, viscosity and hardness can be predict by error lower than 5% and the results were acceptable. About CRI and fatigue can be predicted by error lower than 30% and the results might be acceptable, but it depends on the process type. Obtained modeling techniques by ATR-FTIR data can be used as simple, fast and non distractive method with good repeatability for predicting of rheological and physico-mechanical properties of rubber compound based on NR. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Stream Flow Prediction in Flood Plain by Using Artificial Neural Network (Case Study: Sepidroud Watershed)
A.R Mardookhpour -
Open Access Article
228 - The intellectual axes of the Sepidjamgan movement
Maryam Sadat Aqamiri Katayun MazdapourAfter the revolt of Abu Muslim, another uprising against the Tazians broke out, which became known as the Sepid Jamgan movement. The Sepidjamgan movement is considered one of the religious, political and social movements of the Iranians in the second century AH. Despite MoreAfter the revolt of Abu Muslim, another uprising against the Tazians broke out, which became known as the Sepid Jamgan movement. The Sepidjamgan movement is considered one of the religious, political and social movements of the Iranians in the second century AH. Despite the many sources available about this movement, there is still a lot of ignorance; Because most sources have spoken of them with anger, resentment and enmity. Therefore, most of our knowledge is related to the movement of the Sepidjamgan movement and the apparent life of its leader, and we do not have much information about their thoughts and ideas. Also, despite the contradictions seen in the sources, it is difficult to understand their opinions. But one can assume that their beliefs are a mixture of Manichaean, Mazdakian and even Shiite grains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - The Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Haidar Ali Hooman Kamran Ganjihe aim of the present research was the meta-analysis of the epidemiological studies of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Iranian adults. Data collected from 10 studies conducted from 2001-2011, included 5028 participants and was analyzed using binomial Morehe aim of the present research was the meta-analysis of the epidemiological studies of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Iranian adults. Data collected from 10 studies conducted from 2001-2011, included 5028 participants and was analyzed using binomial effect size display and inverse variance for fixed effect model (Wolf, 1986; Hooman, 2008). Findings revealed that the mixed model of the effect was 0.029, which was reduced to 0.028 by omitting two of the research studies. The general prevalence of ADHD after eliminating two of the studies and using sensitivity analysis was 6.76%. The prevalence rate of ADHD in males and females after excluding one of the research studies and using sensitivity analysis were 3.94% and 1.93%, respectively. Further meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of attention deficit, hyperactivity – impulsivity and combined types of ADHD were 4.72%, 3.54% and 3.84%, respectively. It can be concluded that the proportion of ADHD in females and males and the prevalence of ADHD types in Iranian adults are in accordance with many other research studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Prevalence of Mathematics Learning Disorder in Elementary schools
Ahmad Alipoor Farhad Shaghaghi Ali Ahmadi Azghandi Aazam Noferesti Ali HosseinaiThe prevalence rate of mathematics learning disorder among elementary students of Qom province in the academic year of 2006-2007 was studied. 3282 third, fourth and fifth graders, selected by partial sampling method from 7 educational districts, responded to the Mathema MoreThe prevalence rate of mathematics learning disorder among elementary students of Qom province in the academic year of 2006-2007 was studied. 3282 third, fourth and fifth graders, selected by partial sampling method from 7 educational districts, responded to the Mathematics Learning Disorder Diagnostic Tests (Malekpour, 1994; Faramarzi, 1996). The visual and auditory status of the students were also checked by referring to their health status files. Raven Progressive Matrices (Raven, 1965) was also used for students with scores lower than the cut off point. Students with lower than normal intelligence scores and visual or auditory impairments were omitted from the sample. Results showed the prevalence rate of 2.92% which was significantly higher than the prevalence rate of mathematics learning disorder reported in DSM-IV-TR. No significant gender differences were observed but the prevalence rate of the disorder in district four differed significantly with districts one, two, three and six and districts one and six also showed significant difference. The implications of these findings regarding prevention, appraisal and diagnosis of the disorder, and intervention were discussed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Investigation of bioaccumulation of Mercury, Cadmium and Arsenic with chemical compositions in muscle of Cynoglossusarel from Hendijan Seaport
S. Janatmakan A. Askary Sary M. Javaheri Baboli M. VelayatzadehA comparative study was conducted on composition of protein, lipid and ash and concentration of metals As, Hg and Cd in muscle of Cynoglossus arel from Hendijan area in 2011. Ten samples of Cynoglossus arel were collected using trawl net. Concentration of Hg, As and Cd MoreA comparative study was conducted on composition of protein, lipid and ash and concentration of metals As, Hg and Cd in muscle of Cynoglossus arel from Hendijan area in 2011. Ten samples of Cynoglossus arel were collected using trawl net. Concentration of Hg, As and Cd in the muscle of flat fish was 41.60±7.27, 73.30±7.50 and 189.02±21.40 µgkg-1 ww. Also composition of protein, lipid and ash in the muscle of this fish was determined; 16.58±0.54, 1.04±0.14 and 1.57±0.13 %. Comparison of the results showed significant difference between (P<0.05) concentration of Hg, As and Cd in the muscle of Cynoglossus arel. The highest correlation (R=0.964, P<0.05) was observed in the muscle of Cynoglossus arel between to Cd and As. In this study significant correlation was observed between concentration of Hg, As and Cd with chemical compositions, in the muscle of Cynoglossus arel (P<0.05). The highest correlation (R=0.972, P<0.05) was observed in the muscle of Cynoglossus arel between to As and protein. Also the lowest correlation (R=0.880 P<0.05) was observed in the muscle of Cynoglossus arel between to Hg and protein. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Study on main lipid of the seapen Virgularia gustaviana in the Sorou Etaury, Bandar Abbas costal zone,Persian Gulf
Sh. Safaeian A. Esmaieili Sh. SharifiSea pens or pennatulaceans are a highly specialized group of anthozoan coelenterates. They are bentic sessile animals. Sea pens were collected by wading at low tide in inter tidal zone From Bandar Abass Costal area in autumn 2009.Sea pens were studied by mor MoreSea pens or pennatulaceans are a highly specialized group of anthozoan coelenterates. They are bentic sessile animals. Sea pens were collected by wading at low tide in inter tidal zone From Bandar Abass Costal area in autumn 2009.Sea pens were studied by morphologically trails as well as espiculs . Sea pens identified by classification keys and also acid digestion method, and samples were sent to academic center of California for conferm ation. Comparing identification keys genus from Virgularidae family was identified, it consisted of Virgularia gustaviana . Sea pen,s distribution showed a patchy form in the intertidal zone. Sea pen,s biomass was determed to be 10.77 g/m2 in Souru Estuary. Sea pens contain large quantities of lipids in their tissues; these lipids may be either structural or for storage .in this study, lipid percentages of Virgularia gustavianawere measured and percentage of sterol profile was assessed. Total lipid of Virgularia gustaviana was 21.96 percent and sterol profile which was5680.31mg/kg contain cholesterol 1910.38mg/kg that equal57.95 percent of total sterol and brassicasterol ,campestrol ,campestanol ,stigmasterol ,beta-sitosterol were measured. Fatty acid profiles was measurd by GC-Mass and Heptadecan 44.25 % beta.-Bisabolene ss Cyclohexene'1,18.16 %, and Metyl arachidonate 54.17 % was assessed. This research is first step in sea pen identification and it,s lipid components in Iranian coastal waters of Persian Gulf. n was higher than preadults and adults. The measurement of liver total lipid showed that preadult lipid was more than adult and immature. Calcium staining in both liver and ovary tissues expressed that this element will increase during growth and development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Comparison of chemical composition in muscle tissue of Aspius vorax and Carasobarbus luteus fishes in Karkheh River in Khuzestan Province
A. Jalizi A. Askary Sary M. Chele Mal Dezfulnejad M. VelayatzadehThe aim of this study was to assess protein, lipid, carbohydrate, fiber, ash, and moisture in two species of fishes, Aspius vorax and Carasobarbus luteus, in 2011. Fifteen samples of Carasobarbus luteus and 12 samples of Aspius vorax were collected from the Karkheh Rive MoreThe aim of this study was to assess protein, lipid, carbohydrate, fiber, ash, and moisture in two species of fishes, Aspius vorax and Carasobarbus luteus, in 2011. Fifteen samples of Carasobarbus luteus and 12 samples of Aspius vorax were collected from the Karkheh River. Mean levels of protein, lipid, ash, moisture in Carasobarbus luteus were 17.19±0.36, 3.23±0.15, 1.28±0.07 and %74.03±0.32, respectively. Similarly, the same chemical contents in Aspius vorax were 18.10±0.36, 2.60±0.20, 1.18±0.09 and %72.10±0.40, respectively. Level of moisture in muscle of two species of Aspius vorax and Carasobarbus luteus were significancantly different (P<0.05), but no significant difference was noticed for protein, ash and lipid (P>0.05). However, Protein in muscle tissue of Aspius vorax was more than Carasobarbus luteus, but lipid, moisture and ash in muscle tissue of Carasobarbus luteus was more than Aspius vorax. Therefore, the results showed that, in terms of animal protein, Aspius vorax is more appropriate compared to Carasobarbus luteus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Evaluation of carrying capacity of Bamdej Wetland of Khuzestan with emphasis on aspects of conservation
S.A. Jozi N. Moradi MajdBamdej Wetland is located 40 km north of Ahwaz, with area of 4000 hectares. Bamdej Wetland is a natural wetland with great ecological, scientific outing and economical value which in case it can be preserved and revived will raise all values as a self regulating collect MoreBamdej Wetland is located 40 km north of Ahwaz, with area of 4000 hectares. Bamdej Wetland is a natural wetland with great ecological, scientific outing and economical value which in case it can be preserved and revived will raise all values as a self regulating collection.First, the ranges of studies were identified ,and four sampling stations were selected. The were sampled randomly. During experiments BOD5, COD, nitrates, phosphates, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, temperature, DO, salinity, TSS and TDS were measured. Then, the results of water quality system are exmind. Ecological evaluation study area was performed using fusion rapid assessment and TOPSIS. In this way resources were based to 13 groups include: the extent of the wetland, vegetation around the wetland, the width of buffer, soil status, connecting with other water sources, depth of wetland, source of water supply, time of wetness, normal disturbances, habitat development, type of wetland cover, and biodiversity of plants. Comparing the annual quality indicator of each station with a table of water quality index indicate that the station 3 is belong to the third group and station 1, 2 and 4, belong to fourth group classification system of water quality indicator. Finally, Bamdej Wetland earned 59 points of 85 possible points of rapid evaluation method. This expression that wetland desirable conservation value is (grade 2). TOPSIS method was used for analys some important ecological factors of Bamdej Wetland. The results confirm that wetness time of Bamdej Wetlands weighing of 1.483 is the most important criteria of its value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Design of a PID-PSS Power System Stabilizer for Single-Machine Infinite-Bus Power System
Mehdi Mahdavian Ali Asghar Amini Mahnaz Hashemi -
Open Access Article
236 - Real-Time CANFIS and ANFIS Based Pacemaker Controller Design and Analysis
Asghar Dabiri Aghdam Nader Dabanloo Fereidoun Nooshiravan Keivan Maghooli -
Open Access Article
237 - The removal of heavy metals (Ni, Cr, Cd) from soil contamination with crude oil using rhamanolipid biosurfactant
Nayyereh Kholghi Hossein Amani Shokoufe Malek mahmoudi Alireza AmiriBackground & Objectives: Crude oil contains significant amounts of heavy metals which could lead to soil contamination. The aim of this study is to evaluate the function of rhomnolipid biosurfactant in the removal of heavy metals (nickel, chromium, and cadmium) from MoreBackground & Objectives: Crude oil contains significant amounts of heavy metals which could lead to soil contamination. The aim of this study is to evaluate the function of rhomnolipid biosurfactant in the removal of heavy metals (nickel, chromium, and cadmium) from soil contaminated with crude oil. Materials & Methods: In the cross-sectional descriptive study, rhamnolipid biosurfactant was firstly produced from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC1340 and then confirmed through TLC and FTIR experiments. In the next step, sandy soil was sieved at 2 mm and placed in a beaker for contamination with crude oil (API: 32.83, Viscosity: 6.21cp). The contaminated soil was washed with rhamnolipid solution (1:10 ratio) for 24 h in falcon tubes under different conditions such as temperature, pH and concentration. Subsequently, the solution containing the heavy metals was acid digested to release the metals in the form of ion. Finally, the amount of the heavy metals removed by rhamnolipid biosurfactant was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: The removal amount of heavy metals from soil contamination at an optimum condition (temperature: 25 ◦C, concentration: 0.8 g/l and pH 11) to nickel, chromium, and cadmium was 43.05%, 34.73%, and 52.81%, respectively. Conclusion: Washing the soil with produced biosurfactant gives rise to the removal of heavy metals without having detrimental effects of the chemical surfactants and subsequently reduces the environmental hazards. In accordance with the outcomes of the research, the method is highly suggested to industries to eliminate the heavy metals from crude oil using biosurfactants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Assessment of antifungal activity of Rosemary oil extract and its effect on AFL1 gene expression in Aspergillus flavus by Real-Time PCR
Mojtaba Mohammadi Seyyed Jamal Hashemi Sasan Rezaei Mansour BayatBackground & Objectives: Rosemary is a very important medicinal herb which its effect on toxin-causing and pathogenic fungi is not studied very well. This study was aimed to investigate the antifungal effect of the extract of Rosemary extract on various fungal group MoreBackground & Objectives: Rosemary is a very important medicinal herb which its effect on toxin-causing and pathogenic fungi is not studied very well. This study was aimed to investigate the antifungal effect of the extract of Rosemary extract on various fungal groups including Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, Epidermophyton floccussom, Trichophyton verrucosum and its effect on AFL1 gene expression in A. flavus using real-time PCR method. Achieving an effective herbal medicine can be significant due to the limited amount of antifungal drugs and the prevalence of antifungal drug resistance. Materials & Methods: First of all A. flavus and C. albicans were cultured on sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) media and T. verrucosum and E. floccosum were cultured on Mycocell agar media with 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard. Antifungal property of the rosemary extract was investigated using disk diffusion test. Then, the effective Rosemary extract concentration was evaluated using 10 standard tubes and sabouraud dextrose broth. Finally, the effect of Rosemary extract on AFL1 gene expression was examined. Results: Our results indicated that Rosemary extract has an inhibitory effect on various types of fungi so that the mean diameter of the inhibition zone was measured as about 16 to 18 mm. The effective MCI for C. albicans was observed as approximately 4 to 6 mg / L, for A. flavus as 3 to 5 mg /L and for E. floccosum and T. verrucosum as 4 to 6 mg /L. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the inhibitory effect of Rosemary extracts on aflatoxin- producing AFL1 gene expression at the molecular level, very well. Conclusion: The extract of Rosemary can have a considerable inhibitory effect on fungal growth, AFL1 gene expression and aflatoxin production in A. flavus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Genotyping of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from nosocomial infections by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST)
Sara Rafiee Elahe Tajbakhsh Hassan MomtazBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the main causes of urinary tract infections and second cause of respiratory infections in human. The aim of this study was genotyping S. epidermidis strains isolated from nosocomial infections and detecti MoreBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the main causes of urinary tract infections and second cause of respiratory infections in human. The aim of this study was genotyping S. epidermidis strains isolated from nosocomial infections and detection of genetic clones using Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) method. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 16 S. epidermidis isolates were selected and PCR products from amplification of seven housekeeping genes were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences of each gene in each isolate were analyzed in the MLST database and, besides identifying different clones, gene - specific alleles in each sequence types (ST) were determined. Results: A total of 3 clones including ST22, ST88 and ST153 were identified from 16 isolates, which was classified into two gene clusters of A and B. ST22 clone with a frequency of 50%, ST88 with 31.25% and ST153 with 18.75% were identified. The most dominant S. epidermidis clone isolated in 16 isolates is ST22. Conclusion: Dendrogram analysis of the isolates showed the homology of all isolates to alleles previously reported. Furthermore, our results suggest the genetic diversity of the isolates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Biodegradation of high-molecular-weight aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons by Aspergillus calidoustus
Hassan Ghorbannezhad Hamid Moghimi Seyed Mohammad Mehdi DastgheibBackground & Objectives: It is now realized that fungi, specifically molds, have the potential to eliminate a variety of compounds, especially toxic and heavy hydrocarbons. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of native mold isolates in biodegradatio MoreBackground & Objectives: It is now realized that fungi, specifically molds, have the potential to eliminate a variety of compounds, especially toxic and heavy hydrocarbons. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of native mold isolates in biodegradation of petroleum pollutants and also the effect of surface active compounds on the removal efficiency. Material & Methods: Plenty of mold strains were isolated from an oil-contaminated area in Sarkhoon area of Hormozgan state. The capability of these isolates in petroleum biodegradation was studied in a salt-based medium containing one percent crude oil. The superior strain was selected and characterized by Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequencing analysis. Biodegradation rate of 500 ppm pyrene (heavy aromatic hydrocarbons) and 1% tetracosane (heavy aliphatic hydrocarbons) by selected strain was investigated. Finally, biodegradation rate of these pollutants in the presence of rhamnolipid (0.01%) and tween 80 (0.2%) was studied. Results: Among 40 different fungal isolates of this study, the F11 strain was selected as the superior one, base on crude oil biodegradation rate. The molecular identification showed 99.52% similarity of F11 strain to Aspergillus calidoustus. In 21 days, A. calidoustus could degrade crude oil, pyrene, and tetracosane about 54.59%, 51.43%, and 58.84%, respectively. Furthermore, crude oil, tetracosane, and pyrene biodegradation were increased to 70.97%, 79.44%, and 62.77% in the presence of rhamnolipid and to 66.78%, 74.74%, and 60.16%, in the presence of tween 80, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, A. calidoustus has a great ability in biodegradation of heavy hydrocarbons. Also, it was shown that surfactants can increase the rate of hydrocarbons degradation, with much effect on aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as tetracosane, than aromatic compounds like pyrene. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Engineering of lipid production in oleaginous microorganisms
Fateme Ghanaatian Ahmad Farhad TalebiMicrobial oils are of great interest to researchers as they provide essential fatty acids and are among renewable energy sources. Oleaginous microorganisms have the ability to produce oils up to 60% of their weight, most of which are accumulated in the form of triglycer MoreMicrobial oils are of great interest to researchers as they provide essential fatty acids and are among renewable energy sources. Oleaginous microorganisms have the ability to produce oils up to 60% of their weight, most of which are accumulated in the form of triglycerides. Fouroleaginous genera including bacteria, microalgae, fungi, and yeasts are among the largestproducers of microbial oils. A variety of physical and chemical factors are effective in microbial oils production, among which carbon source, nutrient deficiency, temperature, light intensity and pH of the environment can be noticed. Considering the constraints faced by various physical and chemical treatments in microbial oils production, most researches are currently focusing ongenetic modifications to enhance lipid production in oleaginous microorganisms. This articlereviewed 210 peer-reviewed articles entitled engineering of lipid production in oleaginousmicroorganisms in scientific databases during 1990-2017, among which 89 to particles wereselected for further assessments. In order to have the best achievement in replacement of new oil sources on a large scale, these resources should be optimized in terms of unique properties such as unsaturated fatty acids production, lipid yield, as well as lipid profile. The present study is anattempt to recommend some basic approaches to increase microbial oils production by oleaginous microorganisms. These strategies should be in line with genetic and environment-protection priorities. Concurrently, they could be useful for knowledge-based enterprises from the economical point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Investigation of antibacterial resistance and biofilm production capacity of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis in Guilan
Leila Asadpour Ahmadreza SahranavardBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus epidermidis is a member of the microbiota of human skin, respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract which its the most important virulence factor is the ability to form biofilms. The aim of this study was to investigate ant MoreBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus epidermidis is a member of the microbiota of human skin, respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract which its the most important virulence factor is the ability to form biofilms. The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial resistance and investigation of biofilm production in clinical isolates of S. epidermidis in Guilan. Materials & Methods: S. epidermidis were isolated from clinical specimens in Rasht. Antibiotic resistance of isolates was evaluated by disk diffusion method and phenotypic evaluation of biofilm production capability by microplate method. The presence of genes involved in biofilm formation including icaA, icaD, bhp and aap was investigated by PCR. Results: Out of 70 isolated Staphylococcus epidermidis, the highest resistance was against penicillin and vancomycin was the most effective antibiotic. In phenotypic assay, 38 isolates (54.3%) were able to produce biofilm, of which 94.7%, 55.3% and 42.1%, presence of icaA, icaD and aap genes were detected respectively. The bhp gene was not detected in the studied isolates. Conclusion: The results indicate high rate of antibacterial resistance and biofilm forming ability in S. epidermidis isolates in Guilan and as a result the high potential of these isolates in colonization, pathogenicity and acquisition of multidrug resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Role of Rapid Urase test in comparison with PCR for Helicobacter Pylori Infection diagnosis
Mohammad Kargar Sayed Hadi Razavizadegan Kavoos Eshraghian Mohammad Yaghob Rajpout Sadegh Ghorbani-Dalini Mehdi KargarBackground and aim: H. pylori is a spiral shaped gram negative non invasive bacterium which causes peptic ulcer and has an important role in gastric carcinoma and MALT associated lymphoma. The aim of this research is to assess sensitivity and specificity of Rapid urease MoreBackground and aim: H. pylori is a spiral shaped gram negative non invasive bacterium which causes peptic ulcer and has an important role in gastric carcinoma and MALT associated lymphoma. The aim of this research is to assess sensitivity and specificity of Rapid urease test in comparison with PCR. Material and Methods: 30 patients (test group) with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and 30 patients (control group) with Non-Ulcer disease (NUD) were chosen from two central of endoscopy in Fars province during 2006. Endoscopy samples were examined by PCR and Rapid urase methods. In this study, PCR test considered as golden standard test. Results: The assessment of infection sensitivity and specificity ,PPV and NPV Rapid urease test for the test group were detected 76.67%, 80.76%,69.23% , 85.92%, 60.65% and in control group were 46.67%,52.94%,68.18%, 41.62% and 77.17% respectively. Conclusion: This study indicated that the Infection’s rate, sensitivity and specificity of Rapid Urase test acceptable in patients who are not under treatment. But the Infection’s rate, sensitivity and specificity of Rapid Urase test not acceptable in patients who are on Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) and treatment whit antibiotic. So complementary tests in these patients are recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Isolation and molecular identification of Rhodotorula musilaginosa and its potential for applications in biodiesel production
Marjan Enshaeieh Azadeh Abdoli Iraj Nahvi Mahbobeh MadaniBackground and Objectives: Microbial lipid composition is similar to the oil obtained from plants and animals. Although vegetable oils were originally used for producing biodiesel, high costs of the process encouraged industries to use microbial lipids as biodiese MoreBackground and Objectives: Microbial lipid composition is similar to the oil obtained from plants and animals. Although vegetable oils were originally used for producing biodiesel, high costs of the process encouraged industries to use microbial lipids as biodiesel sources. This study was conducted to isolate yeast strains with high lipid productivity, to optimize the extraction process of produced lipid and to convert the lipids to biodiesel. Materials and Methods: In this study, after isolation of the yeast Rhodotorula, the productivity of microbial lipid in nitrogen limited condition, rice straw and wheat bran hydrolyzate was evaluated. The products were analyzed based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry technique (GC-MS). The lipid production was optimized by two techniques (one factorial and Taguchi method) and the results were compared. At the end, the yeast strain was identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Results: The strain isolated from this study was identified as Rhodotorula musilaginosa. The strain had high lipid production and dry biomass of 10.97 g/l and 18.84 g/l in optimized conditions, respectively. The highest fatty acids were Palmitic acid (18.51%) and Oleic acid (67.29%). Conclusion: The results obtained in this study indicate that there are valuable native strains in our country that they can be used in different industries , especially biodiesel production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Limited Activists, unlimited activities; (Investigating the role and performance of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Confrontation with the global crisis of the Corona virus)
soheila yousefi hassan soleimaniField and Aims: international non-governmental organizations are among the active actors in various fields of international law in all world scenes, which have played useful and effective roles so far. During the outbreak of Covid-19, these organizations, relying on the MoreField and Aims: international non-governmental organizations are among the active actors in various fields of international law in all world scenes, which have played useful and effective roles so far. During the outbreak of Covid-19, these organizations, relying on the international principle of cooperation among the members of the world community, despite having a guarantee of implementation and a binding institution, have important effects and many functions in the social, cultural, health, economic and even political fields. They have faced this epidemic and in convergence with other international actors. Examining the dimensions, functioning and influence of these international activists is a subject that has been analyzed in this research and is one of the goals of this research.Method: The present research was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: Despite the lack of recognition and valuing of the role of international non-governmental organizations, these limited activists of the international arena have done unlimited activities to help solve global problems, including this epidemic, and it will not be exaggerated. If we consider its results to be praiseworthy. By entering the health, cultural, social and economic fields and influencing the procedures of governments and international organizations and reforming them in different ways, in the fields of preventing and controlling the epidemic of Covid-19 and reducing its harmful effects even in the post-corona period From identifying problems to consensus and exchanging opinions and implementing agreed plans, they are trying to save the world from this devastating disaster and somehow prove the benefits of their existence and presence and show off their abilities to the world community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Variable Speed Wind Turbine Pitch Angle Control Using Three-Term Fuzzy Controller
Ehsan Hosseini Ghazanfar Shahgholian Homayoun Mahdavi-Nasab Farhad Mesrinejad -
Open Access Article
247 - Optimizing Operation Scheduling in a Microgrid Considering Probabilistic Uncertainty and Demand Response Using Social Spider Algorithm
Amir Mortazi Seyedamin Saeed Hamidreza Akbari -
Open Access Article
248 - Dynamic Demand Management in an Airconditioner System by Frequency Control in Smart Grid Environment
Sevda Allahyari Shahram Javadi -
Open Access Article
249 - Hybrid Fuzzy-PID Application in Boilers to Obtain Optimum Efficiency
Shahram Javadi Abdolreza Gohari -
Open Access Article
250 - Intelligence Method for PID Controller Design in AVR System
Seyyed Amir Hashemi Zadeh1 Mostafa Zamani Mohi Abadi -
Open Access Article
251 - Power Stabilizer Performance Based On Fuzzy Controller Compared To PID Controller
Abbas Seif -
Open Access Article
252 - Frequency Control of Isolated Hybrid Power Network Using Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization
Mahdie Hasanpour Qadikolai Sina mohammadi -
Open Access Article
253 - Establishment of stock portfolio based on network-based epidemic modeling in the Iranian stock market
samad sedaghati Roohollah Farhadi. Mir Feyz FallahDue to the importance of transmission in financial markets, in the present study, using network-based epidemic modeling, the Iranian stock market in the period from 2011 to 2020 has been analyzed in three scales: daily, seasonal and annual. For this purpose, the correla MoreDue to the importance of transmission in financial markets, in the present study, using network-based epidemic modeling, the Iranian stock market in the period from 2011 to 2020 has been analyzed in three scales: daily, seasonal and annual. For this purpose, the correlation network of 46 Iranian stock market groups has been constructed and by creating daily, seasonal and annual graphs and to identify the topological properties and structure of the Iranian stock market network, the minimum spanning tree has been calculated and transmission dynamics have been analyzed using simulations. The results show that in the daily period, the minimum cover tree has 13 groups on the main branch and in the seasonal period has 19 groups and in the annual period 28 groups are on the main branch of the minimum cover tree. Also, network-based epidemic modeling (with a thousand repetitions) showed that in the short term, the market spread is faster and the changes (for example, due to an information shock) spread to more groups. And almost all market groups are affected by the changes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - A new approach Spider's web initial solution and data envelopment analysis for solving an $X$-bar control chart
K. Ranjbar H. Khaloozadeh A. Heydari$X$-bar control charts are widely used to monitor and control business and manufacturing processes. Design of control charts refers to the selection of parameters, including sample size, control-limit width, and sampling frequency. Many researchers have worked on this i More$X$-bar control charts are widely used to monitor and control business and manufacturing processes. Design of control charts refers to the selection of parameters, including sample size, control-limit width, and sampling frequency. Many researchers have worked on this issue and have also proposed various solutions. However, despite the numerous advantages, the proposed methods also have their own set of problems. The biggest challenge is the complexity of solving these issues. Due to the fact that optimal design of control charts can be formulated as a multi objective optimization problem, in this paper to solve this problem, we used initial solution Spider's web data envelopment analysis method. In previous methods used multiple algorithms to resolve the issue. But in the proposed method once using Data Envelopment Analysis method and without any other algorithm can solve multi objective problem and this method can yield desirable efficient. Lastly, we compare our method with others and demonstrate its application in a real industrial context. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - Dynamics of a Delayed Epidemic Model with Beddington-DeAngelis Incidence Rate and a Constant Infectious Period
Abdelali Raji_allah Hamad Talibi Alaoui -
Open Access Article
256 - ON THE STABILITY AND THRESHOLD ANALYSIS OF AN EPIDEMIC MODEL
Muhammad Abdullahi Yau -
Open Access Article
257 - Study the effect of salinity stress on antioxidant enzymes activity and indicators oxidative stress in weeds Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) and Russian Knapweed (Acroptilon repens L.)
V. Enaiati E. Esfandiari A. Pourmahammad K. Mohammadnia اصغر RahimiWaiver of noticeable weeds injuries on crop yield, so far has not been studied the effects of salinity on behavior physiological and biochemical. In order to weeds redroot pigweed, Bindweed and Russian knapweed choice and the effects of three levels of salinity control MoreWaiver of noticeable weeds injuries on crop yield, so far has not been studied the effects of salinity on behavior physiological and biochemical. In order to weeds redroot pigweed, Bindweed and Russian knapweed choice and the effects of three levels of salinity control (0), 50 and 100 mM, in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications in a greenhouse were studied. The results showed that levels of salinity only on dry weight was not significant in the bindweed. Moreover the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in salinity decreased in Redroot Pigweed and Russian Knapweed weeds, but its activity was not affected in bindweed of salinity. Also, the results of assay activity removal enzymes of hydrogen peroxide showed that this enzymes did not affect only the bindweed of salinity. Whereas in Russian knapweed the activity this enzyme was significantly reduced. In Redroot pigweed also only enzyme Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was reduced by salinity. In studied weeds the salinity had not effect activity of the glutathione S- transferase (GST) enzyme. On the other hand, the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the three studied weeds significantly increased on salinity of 100 mM. But increase the rate of lipid peroxidation at effect salinity observed only in Russian knapweed and redroot pigweed. Based on the results due to the lack of significant changes in antioxidant enzymes at bindweed, this plant is tolerant to salinity levels investigated compared to Russian knapweed and redroot pigweed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - Effect of lead and putresine interactions on cress (Lipidium sativum) seedling physiological and biochemical factors
Fatemeh Hasanpournezhad Monireh RanjbarIn the present study, the effects of lead and putrescine on Lepidium sativum plant were examined. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. Lead nitrate at concentrations of 0, 125, 250 and 1000 micro molar and putres MoreIn the present study, the effects of lead and putrescine on Lepidium sativum plant were examined. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. Lead nitrate at concentrations of 0, 125, 250 and 1000 micro molar and putresine at 0 and 1 mM was used. Lead and putresine increased plant fresh weights compared to lead treatment of same concentration and at a concentration of 500 micromolar fresh weight was10 gr. There was no significant difference between dry weights of treated plants and control. Lead treatment increased polyphenol oxidase (0/8 micromoles per minute per gram fresh weight in 1000 micromolar) and catalase (0/053 micromoles per minute per gram fresh weight in 1000 micromolar) activities. The use of putrescine and lead increased the polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity (0/99 micromoles per minute per gram fresh weight in 125 micromolar) compared to lead treatment of same concentration. The combined use of putresine and lead reduced the amount of proline except at 250 micromolar of lead compared to plants treated in the same concentration of lead. Treatments of lead at concentrations of 125, 250 and 500 micromolar and putrescine, were reduced the percent of inhibition compared to the treatment of lead in the same concentration. Inhibitory percentage was increased on 1000 micromolar of lead. The total phenols were not significant difference under the lead and putrescine treatments. In Lepidium sativum under lead stress activated polyphenol oxidase, Proline increasese. Useing putrescine has controlled production of proline by reduction the stress effects Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - The Sanitizing Effect of Peracetic Acid on Microbial Contamination of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)
Najmeh Pakdaman Mohammad Moradi Ghahdarijani Amanollah Javanshah Ahmad Shakerardekani Najmeh Saberi -
Open Access Article
260 - Novel Bio-nanopackaging Based on Polylactic Acid/Roselle Calyx Extract/ to Enhance Quality of Hazelnut
Narmin Nabeghvatan Sahar Kabiri Neda Sadat Aghayan Somayyeh Farhang Holighi Davoud Jafarzadeh Rose LesonActive biodegradable films prepared from polylactic acid (PLA)/roselle calyx extract (RCE)/Zinc Oxide Nanorod (ZnO-N) were fabricated as natural packaging materials for hazelnuts protection against microbial contamination and lipid oxidation. The PLA active films with Z MoreActive biodegradable films prepared from polylactic acid (PLA)/roselle calyx extract (RCE)/Zinc Oxide Nanorod (ZnO-N) were fabricated as natural packaging materials for hazelnuts protection against microbial contamination and lipid oxidation. The PLA active films with ZnO-N (1, 3, and 5% w/w), and roselle calyx extract (0.5 g) were made by the casting solution technique. The fungal, microbial, chemical, and sensory properties of hazelnuts were measured during 9 months of conservation at 4°C. On the 6 and 9th months, moisture content was evaluated as %2.6 and 2.2% in the control sample whereas the moisture content of hazelnuts was measured as 3.6% and 2.9% packaged with PLA/RCE/%5 ZnO-N. At the last of experiments, the peroxide value (PV) was measured as 0.91 meq O2 kg-1 packaged with neat biocompatible films, whereas PV value was detected as 0.65 meq O2 kg-1 in packaged hazelnuts with %5 ZnO-N. Total microbial count ranged between 4.9 cfu g-1 for hazelnuts packaged with neat PLA and 3.7 cfu g-1 for hazelnuts specimens packaged with %5 ZnO-N after 9 months of storage. At 9 months, by increasing the level of ZnO-N from 1% to 5%, the mold count was reduced from 3.64 to 3.01 CFU g-1. The fungal contamination in the neat specimens was 3.95 CFU g-1. Sensory quality indicated that hazelnuts with ZnO-N had a significant impact on flavor and aroma, and the highest quality of sensory evaluation was related to hazelnuts packaged with PLA/5% ZnO-N/RCE. Flavor and aroma indices of hazelnuts packaged with %5 ZnO-N reached 3.5 and 4.5 respectively after 9 months of storage. The obtained findings indicate that biopackaging could be utilized to enhance microbial quality and inhibit oxidation reactions of hazelnuts during cold storage. Our results could be beneficial for introducing attractive characteristics to the biodegradable film packaging for example active film containing anthocyanin/nanofiller and can be applied when selecting a smart packaging for detection of food spoilage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - The effect of lead and copper on some physiological traits in plant species of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus (
Mahtab Beladi Ali Kashani Davoud Habibi Farzad Pak nezhad Mahya GolshanSome plant species are tolerant to environmental adverse conditions so that with their functional mechanisms prevent more production of free radicals of oxygen or counter with produced free radicals of oxygen. This study was done to investigate the effect of lead and co MoreSome plant species are tolerant to environmental adverse conditions so that with their functional mechanisms prevent more production of free radicals of oxygen or counter with produced free radicals of oxygen. This study was done to investigate the effect of lead and copper on Lathyrus sativus in contaminated soils with these elements. To evaluate and recognize the study species ability against heavy metals lead and copper an experiment was carried out on Lathyrus sativus cultivar Zanjan in 2009. The experiment was carried out factorially as randomized complete design with four levels of lead Pb (NO3)2 (0, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) and four levels of copper Cu (So4)2 (0, 150, 300, 450 mg/kg) were used.Although the results suggested the decrease in total chlorophyll content and lipid membrane under the toxicity of lead and copper, the more activity of the enzyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD) along with the increase in the levels of lead and copper in thid species prevented the more production of free radicals of oxygen in the study species, so that a negative coloration was observed between chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll and the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Also the coloration between Malondialdehyde (MDA) which is a means for measuring the lipid per oxidation process, and the enzyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was positive that means the increase in this biomarker content which is a sign of more production of oxygen for lipid membrane destruction, was accomplished with the more activity of enzyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD) for more digestion and elimination of destructive oxygen. Also the water condition in leaf tissues (RWC) was not effective by these elements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Life table and reproduction parameters of Orius albidipennis Reuter on different developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch
K. Eskandarli A.A. Talebi R. Vafaei Shoushtari A. HosseininiaThe predatory bug Orius albidipennis is one of the most important biological control agents of some orchard, cultivated and ornamental crop pests in Iran. Therefore, determination of its biological characteristics is important. In this research, life table and populatio MoreThe predatory bug Orius albidipennis is one of the most important biological control agents of some orchard, cultivated and ornamental crop pests in Iran. Therefore, determination of its biological characteristics is important. In this research, life table and population parameters of O. albidipennis were investigated in a growth chamber at temperature of 25±1ºC, 65± 10% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) hours on different developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae. The experiment was carried out using 100 one day old eggs of O. albidipennis and mortality of different developmental stages was estimated daily. The results indicated that age specific mortality of O. albidipennis on different developmental stages of two-spotted spider mite was started from 4th day and increased gradually with regular fluctuations. Life expectancy was increased after emerging of nymphs and then was decreased regularly. Life expectancy was estimated 12.97 and 18.86 days in nymph and adult emerging time, respectively. The gross fecundity rate, gross fertility rate and gross hatch were determined 76.45±0.42, 60.12±2.29 and 0.79, respectively. The mean numbers of eggs per female per day was estimated 4.25 eggs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - Nutraceutical Potential of Tetracarpidium conophorum and Buccholzia coriacea in Diet-induced Hyperlipidemia
Eucharia Oluchi Nwaichi Justice Obinna Osuoha Michael Okechukwu Monanu -
Open Access Article
264 - Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Cardiac Markers among Male Cement Workers in Calabar, Nigeria
Iya Eze Bassey Uwem Okon Akpan Emono Dankano Nehemiah Renen Arekong Onyinyechi Lauretta Okonkwo Alphonsus Ekpe Udoh -
Open Access Article
265 - Semiprotective Effects of Hempseed Oil on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats: An Ultra-short Toxicological Intervention
Mona Hashemzadeh Aliasghar Moghaddam Isaac Karimi Zahra Minoosh Siavosh Haghighi Shahin Hassanpour -
Open Access Article
266 - Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Seed Extract on Oxidative Stability of Olive Oil
Sh. Chang A. Bassiri H. Jalali -
Open Access Article
267 - Long-term Effects of Betamethasone on Epididymal Tissue, Epididymal Sperm Counts and Fertility in Male Mice
Jalaleddin Gouyandeh Mehrdad Modaresi Sara Mansouri Fahimeh Yaghoubieh najafabadi -
Open Access Article
268 - Cardiovascular Disease risk Factors in Male Cigarette Smokers in Calabar, Southern Nigeria
Iya Eze Bassey Uwem Okon Akpan Ifeyinwa Maryann Okafor Imeobong Joseph Inyang Oko Eze -
Open Access Article
269 - Effect of Folic Acid and Vitamin-C Administration on Paraoxonase and Arylesterase -1 Activities in Rats intoxicated with Lead
Ibrahim Abdulwaliyu Stanley Okoduwa Shefiat O. Arekemase Aliyu Muhammad Sani Ibrahim Elewechi Onyike -
Open Access Article
270 - Impact of Physical Exercise and Food Habit on Type II Diabetes Mellitus Medicated Patients-A Cross Sectional Study
Tasfia Sharin Benojir Ahammed MD. Toufiqu Elahi Muhammad Shamim Al Mamun Dipak Paul -
Open Access Article
271 - Toxoplasmosis among Patients with Cancers and Blood Disorders in Iran: Serological Evaluation, Risk Factors and Comparison with Healthy Individuals
Muhammad I Getso Vahid Raissi Maryam Fasihi Karami Gita Alizadeh Mohammad Zareie Zahra Babaei Samani Fatemeh bayat Omid Raiesi Soodabeh Etemadi -
Open Access Article
272 - Epidemiology of Childhood Cancer Based on the Databases of Population-Based Cancer Registries in City of Erbil, Iraq
Hafidh AI_Sadi Allaa Hatim Thanoon Moayad Aziz Abdulqadir Mostafa Adnan Abdalrahman Mahmood Hasen Alubaidy Sadiq M. Al-shaikh -
Open Access Article
273 - Illicit Drugs in Wastewater Treatment Plants A case study: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Aldo Pacheco Ferreira -
Open Access Article
274 - Comparing the Effects of Long-term Continuous and Interval Training on the Serum Levels of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Risk Factors in Elite Runners
Ardeshir Zafari Zahra Malekian Broomi Fatemeh Haji Ghorbanizadeh Tahereh Bagherpour Nematollah Nemati -
Open Access Article
275 - Alcoholic Extract of Vitex (Vitexagnus-castus) and vitamin E on Serum Level of Hepatic Enzymes, Glucose, Lipid Profile and Insulin in Adult Female Rats
Z. Nejaty S.E. HosseiniChronic hyperglycemias led to diabetes that was a metabolic disorder caused by a defect in insulin secretion or function with decreased serum levels of vitamin E and the liver damaged.Vitex plant traditionally wasused to treat many diseases. The present study aimed to i MoreChronic hyperglycemias led to diabetes that was a metabolic disorder caused by a defect in insulin secretion or function with decreased serum levels of vitamin E and the liver damaged.Vitex plant traditionally wasused to treat many diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Vitex and vitamin-E on serum levels on some hepatic enzyam, glucose, and insulin , lipid profile and weight was performed in rats.Methods: In this study, 40 adult female rats weighing 220 to 250 g in the controls group, and the 3 experimental groups were studied.Each group consisted of 8 mice. The experimental groups 1 weredivided by received 40mg / kg extract of Vitex, empirical 2received 40 mg/kg extract of Vitexand 40mg / kgvitamin E, and empirical 3 received 40 mg/kg vitamin E.Prescription was administered for 14 days, at the end of the fourteenth day, phlebotomizing by inter-ventricular to mice were performed and then by diagnostic kits, serum levels, insulin hormone, glucose, enzymes ALP, ALT and AST was measured. The data by using ANOVA and Tukeytest was analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that ethanol extracts of Vitex and vitamin E have no effect on glucose levels, while significantly caused to decrease the cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, ALP and AST enzymes, and then increased insulin and HDL.Conclusion:Vitex Extract and Vitamin E due to antioxidant properties led to increased insulin hormone and HDL levels and reduced cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL ALP, AST enzymes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - The Effects of Soy Milk on Serum Lipid Profile in Hyperlipidemia Menopause Women in Shiraz
خاطره صفوی نائینیCardiovascular disease is related with various risk factors. The most important of these are age. Coronary arterial disease mortality is increased after menopause. It is due to hypoestrogenemia. Soy bean is a source of fetoestrogen that is similar to hormone. The most i MoreCardiovascular disease is related with various risk factors. The most important of these are age. Coronary arterial disease mortality is increased after menopause. It is due to hypoestrogenemia. Soy bean is a source of fetoestrogen that is similar to hormone. The most important fetoestrogen is isoflavone. Soy bean is source of isoflavone that can decrease serum total cholesterol so protect of heart disease.In this randomized clinical trial 50 menopause women with hyper lipidemia and inclusion criteria were chosen. They were divided randomly to two groups (control and soya milk) diet. In soya milk group they were given 1 liter soya milk every day for 12 weeks. In control group they were not given soya milk or any product of soya. Initial and after 12weeks they were assayed for serum lipids profile. Data were collected and analyzed by SPSS software. There were no significant changes in serum lipids profile (triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol) within control group Initial and after 12 weeks (P=NS). There were no significant changes in serum lipids profile) triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol) within soya milk group Initial and after 12 weeks (P=NS). There were no significant changes in serum lipids profile) triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol)between soya milk group and control group Initial and after 12weeks (P=NS).It seems soy milk has no actually effects on serum lipids profile, therefore this subject need to additional studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Histomorphology and Histochemical Study of Pronephrosis inArgyrosomus hololepidotus in Persian Gulf
حسن مروتی محمدتقی شیبانی مسعود ادیب مرادی سلمان سلطانیArgyrosomidae family and the species Argyrosomus hololepidotus due to high valued protein are among the most valuable aquatics in the Persian Gulf, Oman Sea and the coasts of Khuzestan. Lymphoid tissues are of the most important tissues in fish which their identificatio MoreArgyrosomidae family and the species Argyrosomus hololepidotus due to high valued protein are among the most valuable aquatics in the Persian Gulf, Oman Sea and the coasts of Khuzestan. Lymphoid tissues are of the most important tissues in fish which their identification is important in health and disease states. Unlike mammals, fish lack lymph node and also there is not hematopoietic tissue in their bone marrows, and so mainly Hematopoiesis is done in their spleen and kidney. In this study, 6 pieces of Argyrosomus hololepidotus were provided from the Persian Gulf. Some samples from the spleen up to 5mm thickness were prepared and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Then tissue sections were prepared in 5-6 μ and after HandE staining, the structures of the capsule and parenchyma of pronephrose were studied histologically. In order to confirm the results and findings of this staining, silver staining was also used. Microscopic results showed that tissue structure of Argyrosomus hololepidotuspronephrose was consisted of hematopoietic tissue, lymphoid tissues and kidney tubules. Pronephrose lymphoid tissues are also consisted of reticular supportive tissue and lymphocytic parenchyma cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - Evaluation of the Effects of Aqueous Extract of Cress (Lepidium sativum) on Anxiety-like and Depression-like Behaviors in Adult Male Mice
Fatemeh Rahimiasl Maryam Khosravi Ramin Hajikhani Jalal Solati Hossien FahimiAnxiety and depression are the most common mental illnesses. Oxidative stress is one of the causes of anxiety and depression. Lepidium sativum has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Lep MoreAnxiety and depression are the most common mental illnesses. Oxidative stress is one of the causes of anxiety and depression. Lepidium sativum has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum on anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in adult male mice. In this study, male mice weighing 30-35 g were used. First, the tested animals were treated with aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum at doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg for 2 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the levels of anxiety and depression were assessed by an elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming test, respectively. No significant changes were observed in any of the groups receiving Lepidium sativum extract in the time spent in the open arm, the number of entrances to the open arm and motor activity. The results of forced swimming test showed that in animals receiving Lepidium sativum extract at doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg, swimming time and immobility time were significantly increased and decreased compared to the control group, respectively (p < 0.01). The results of this study showed the modulatory effects of Lepidium sativum extract on depressive-like behaviors, but this extract had no significant effects on anxiety-like behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - The Effects of Symbiotic on Oxidative Stress Reduction in Broilers with Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome
Hamed Zarei Abbass Fereydoon KolahiPulmonary Hypertension Syndrome (PHS), characterized by increased lung pressure in arteries, dilatation, and hypertrophy of the right ventricle, is correlated with the high cardiac output and enhanced blood pressure in the lungs to more blood oxygenation, which ultimate MorePulmonary Hypertension Syndrome (PHS), characterized by increased lung pressure in arteries, dilatation, and hypertrophy of the right ventricle, is correlated with the high cardiac output and enhanced blood pressure in the lungs to more blood oxygenation, which ultimately leads to ascites. The accumulation of free radicals and increased oxidative stress result in both lipid peroxidation, as well as the increased levels of heterophil to lymphocytes. By having antioxidant properties, the synbiotic can significantly reduce oxidative stress. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of synbiotic on pulmonary hypertension in broilers. Groups were categorized into; Sham (broilers with a basic diet in the whole period of the test), Control (recipient of basic diet+ triiodothyronine hormone (T3) at 1.5 mg/kg doses added to their diet from seven days of age), Treatment with synbiotic (birds with basic diet + T3 at 1.5 mg/kg dose added to their diet from seven days of age + synbiotic (0.1% dose) from day one). At 35 and 49 days of age, 9 birds from each group (3 broilers from each replicate) were randomly selected, and after getting the blood samples, heterophil to lymphocyte rate and lipid peroxidation was assessed. To evaluate pulmonary hypertension, cardiac weight index was also reported due to the right ventricular weight to the total weight of both ventricles (RV/TV). RV/TV rate at all ages was decreased in the synbiotic broilers; however, this was statistically significant at 49 days of age (p ≤ 0.05). Compared to the control group, lipid peroxidation levels in synbiotic group at all ages were reduced which was significant at 35 and 49 days of age (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Heterophil to lymphocytes rates was decreased in the synbiotic group compared to the control group in all ages, but this decrease was more significant at 49 days of age (p < 0.05). Regarding the obtained results, symbiotic, for their antioxidant properties, can significantly reduce the amount of oxidative stress result from pulmonary hypertension syndrome. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - The Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic Resistance Training on ABCG8 Gene Expression and Lipid Profile in CABG Patients
Farida Sadeghi Fazel Amir Rashidlamir Rambod Khajeie Akbar Safipour AfsharCoronary heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in today's societies. It is associated to the exercise activity and the expression of some genes involved in the blood cholesterol transmission. Adenosine triphosphate-dependent box protein 8 is a member of AB MoreCoronary heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in today's societies. It is associated to the exercise activity and the expression of some genes involved in the blood cholesterol transmission. Adenosine triphosphate-dependent box protein 8 is a member of ABC transporter family which plays a key role in the metabolism of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cholesterol. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic resistance training on ABCG8 gene expression and lipid profile in CABG patients. 30 men with CABG patients voluntarily selected and randomly divided into the experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The experimental group performed the aerobic resistance training for eight weeks (3 sessions per week) and the control group did not. Blood samples were taken 48 h before the first training session and 48 h after the last training session, while all subjects were fasting. Independent and paired t-test used to analyze the data at a significant level of 0.05. The present study's results showed that the aerobic resistance training group showed a significant increase in the ABCG8 mRNA expression and a significant decrease in LDL-C, triglyceride, and HDL-C as compared to the control group. Due to the findings of present study, it can be concluded that aerobic resistance training by increasing ABCG8 gene expression has a great effect on increasing the cholesterol transfer process; thus, it may improve the CABG patients and prevent cardiovascular diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Evaluation of the Effect of Alpha-pinene on Blood Glucose and Lipid Profiles, in Diabetic Rats
Maryam Rafieirad Abdolhassan Doulah Samira GoudarziDiabetes mellitus refers to a disorder in the metabolism of sugars, fats, and proteins in the body, leading to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effect of alpha-pinene on blood glucose and lipid levels in male diabetic rats. MoreDiabetes mellitus refers to a disorder in the metabolism of sugars, fats, and proteins in the body, leading to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effect of alpha-pinene on blood glucose and lipid levels in male diabetic rats. Forty male rats were divided into five groups of eight: control group, diabetic group, diabetic control group (receiving tween (80% alpha-solvent)) and experimental groups that in addition to becoming diabetic, the doses of 100 and 200 (mg/kg) of alpha-pinene were administered orally and daily for 14 days, respectively. Finally, blood samples were taken from all groups and their glucose and blood lipids were measured. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and SPSS21 software. The levels of glucose, triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the groups receiving doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg of alpha-pinene showed a significant decrease compared to the diabetic group. High density lipoprotein (HDL) in the groups receiving different doses of alpha-pinene showed a significant increase compared to the diabetic group. These results indicate that alpha-pinene can be effective in the treatment of diabetes. The effect of this active ingredient is probably due to its antioxidant properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Antidiabetic Potential of Saponin and β-carotene in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats
Arezu Marefat Leila SadeghiDiabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and accompanied by some abnormalities in pancreatic and hepatic tissue. Previous studies approved some chemicals damaging the pancreatic tissue and disturbing insulin release such as alloxa MoreDiabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and accompanied by some abnormalities in pancreatic and hepatic tissue. Previous studies approved some chemicals damaging the pancreatic tissue and disturbing insulin release such as alloxan and streptozocin, besides creating diabetic signs like hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, its possible natural compounds used traditionally as antioxidant or anti-obesity have antidiabetic effects. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of oral administration of saponin and β-carotene on biochemical, immunological, and histological properties of pancreas related to alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Results confirmed hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia imposed by alloxan accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation and controlled by phytochemical treatment. Overall phytochemicals improved inflammation imposed by oxidative stress in alloxan-treated rats and decreased degeneration in pancreatic tissue leading to improved Langerhans islet and causing regular and normal release of insulin. Insulin triggers glucose and lipids absorbance and relives lipoprotein profile disruption seen in diabetic rats. By considering similarity between alloxan-induced diabetes in rats and diabetic patients, saponin and β-carotene or related chemically modified compounds could be used in lowering diabetes risk and treatment of patients suffering from diabetes or other metabolic disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Synthesized Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Foeniculum vulgare Essential Oil
Mohammad Sharifalhoseini Ali Es-haghi Gholamhasan Vaezi Hooman ShajieeAngiogenesis is a physiological process that involves the formation of new blood vessels, contributing to the development and progression of various diseases, including metastatic cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory conditions. Vascular endothelial growth MoreAngiogenesis is a physiological process that involves the formation of new blood vessels, contributing to the development and progression of various diseases, including metastatic cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory conditions. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the main regulators of tumor angiogenesis. Studies show that VEGF and its receptor (VEGF-R) are often upregulated in tumor tissues, and the overexpression of VEGF increases tumor growth and metastasis. This research aimedto synthesize solid-lipid nanoparticles containing Foeniculum vulgare essential oil and investigate its anti-angiogenic effects. For this purpose, the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was used, and the expression of two important genes involved in the angiogenesis process, VEGF and VEGF-R was assessed using Real-Time PCR. The results showed a decrease in the growth rate of blood vessels in the CAM model, indicating the anti-angiogenic effects of the nanoparticles. Also, Real Time-PCR confirmed a decrease in the expression of the VEGF and VEGF-R genes. The results of this study showed that solid-lipid nanoparticles containing Foeniculum vulgare essential oil had anti-angiogenic properties and; therefore, can be useful agents for treating cancer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - An Investigation on Phospholipid and Triglyceride Fatty Acids of Mediterranean Flour Moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Mohaddeseh Zarrinkolah Reza Farshbaf Pourabad Reza KhakvarThe Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella) is an important storage pest that can cause significant losses in flour factories. The current study was conducted in order to study the quantity and quality of different phospholipids and triglycerides fatty acids in t MoreThe Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella) is an important storage pest that can cause significant losses in flour factories. The current study was conducted in order to study the quantity and quality of different phospholipids and triglycerides fatty acids in the body of the 4th and 5th instar of E. kuehniella. According to the results, among the fatty acids in the phospholipids group, the highest amount of fatty acid in all tested samples was related to Oleic acid (18:01) with an average value of about 40%. This fatty acid had the highest amount in both 4th and 5th instar as well as both male and female larvae. The lowest amount in this group was Arachidic acid (20:00) with an average value of 0.11%. This fatty acid was seen in small amounts in all samples, although its amount was significantly higher in females than in males. In the triglyceride group, two fatty acids Myristic acid (14:00C) and Palmitic acid (16:00C) accounted for the highest amounts with values of 23% and 26.8% respectively, while Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was recorded as the lowest fatty acid with a small amount of 0.46%. In comparison of male and female samples, the biggest difference in the amount of fatty acids was recorded in the two fatty acids DHE from the phospholipid group and stearic acid (18:00) from the triglyceride group, which were measured 5 and 2.2 times more in females than in males, respectively. The biggest changes between the 4th and 5th instars in the phospholipid group were related to linolenic acid (18:3C) and DHE, which showed a 50% increase from 4th to 5th instar, and the most changes in the triglyceride group was related to myristic acid (14:00) and DHE, which showed a several-fold decrease from the age from 4th to 5th instar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - The Effect of Lysophospholipids Supplementation on Diets with Different Sources of Vegetable Oil on Meat Oxidative Quality, Blood Metabolites, Immune System and Growth Performance of Broilers
Ali Solbi Vahid Rezaeipour Rohullah Abdullahpour Shahabodin GharahveysiThis experiment was conducted to survey of growth performance, blood metabolites, immunity, and thigh meat quality of broiler chickens fed with lysophospholipids (LPL) supplement in diets with soybean, flaxseed and sesame oils. This experiment was done in a CRD with a 2 MoreThis experiment was conducted to survey of growth performance, blood metabolites, immunity, and thigh meat quality of broiler chickens fed with lysophospholipids (LPL) supplement in diets with soybean, flaxseed and sesame oils. This experiment was done in a CRD with a 23 factorial arrangement of treatments including two levels (0 or 0.05%) lysophospholipid (Lipidol) and three different sources of oil including soybean, flaxseed and sesame oils. A total of three hundred of male Ross broiler chickens were randomly allocated into 6 treatments with 5 replicates of 10 birds per each. This experiment was conducted to investigate the growth performance, blood metabolites, immune system, and thigh meat quality of broilers fed by lysophospholipids (LPL) supplementation in diets with soybean, flaxseed and sesame oils. This experiment was done in a CRD with a 2Í3 factorial arrangement of treatments including two levels of (0 or 0.05%) lysophospholipids (Lipidol) and three different sources of oil including soybean, flaxseed and sesame oils. A total of three hundred of male Ross broilers were randomly allocated into 6 treatments with 5 replicates of 10 birds per each. The results of this experiment showed that the use of sesame oil compared to soybean oil improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio of broilers (p < 0.05). Broilers which received dietary LPL had a greater weight gain and feed conversion ratio, lower relative weight of bursa and greater triglycerides and LDL compared with those without LPL supplementation (p < 0.05). Use of sesame oil compared to soybean and flaxseed oil diets decreased malonaldehyde and increased water holding capacity of the thigh meat in broilers (p < 0.05). Besides, drip loss factor was lower in broilers which received LPL supplementation (p < 0.05). Based on the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that the use of sesame oil in the broiler diets could improve growth performance and meat quality. In addition, the use of LPL supplementation resulted in an increase of growth performance and alteration in blood metabolites of broiler chickens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - The Effect of Intense Functional Interval Training with Sour Tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Consumption on Lipid Profile and Insulin Resistance in Overweight Women
Fatemeh Shabkhiz Maryam Dalirani Hamideh TazeshiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intense functional interval training with the consumption of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on lipid profiles and insulin resistance in overweight women. In a field trial, 40 people were randomly divided into 5 MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intense functional interval training with the consumption of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on lipid profiles and insulin resistance in overweight women. In a field trial, 40 people were randomly divided into 5 groups including: 1- exercise, 2- sour tea and exercise, 3- sour tea, 4- exercise + placebo and 5- control. The training protocol in the training groups included 250 meters rowing with an ergometer, immediately swinging a 13 kg kettlebell and sitting and standing with 13 kg dumbbells. In the present study, dried sepal powder of sour tea plant was used as a supplement, and each tablespoon was equivalent to 3 grams. For data analysis, SPSS 21, Exell 2010 softwares and covariance and T-correlated statistical tests were used at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The results showed that the intra-group changes of triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL and fat percentage after two weeks of training were significant in the training, training + supplement and training + placebo groups (p ≤ 0.05), but in the supplement group and the control group. The changes were not significant (p ≥ 0.05). Also, inter-group changes showed a significant difference between the control group and the training, supplement+training, supplement and training + placebo groups in triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL and fat percentage (p ≤ 0.05). Despite this, the intergroup changes of insulin resistance were not significant (p ≥ 0.05). According to the results of the present study, overweight people are suggested to use various and effective exercises such as HIFT and sour tea supplements in order to lose weight and improve their metabolism profile and body composition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Evaluation of the Protective Effects of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Securigera Securidaca L. Seeds on Alterations of Serum Biochemical Parameters and Renal Indices in Tamsulosin-Treated Male Rats
Sadigheh Khezri Motlagh Mokhtar Mokhtari Mehrdad ShariatiSecurigera securidaca L. seeds are rich in polyphenols and flavonoids that have many biological effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Securigera securidaca seed on alterations in serum biochemical parameters i MoreSecurigera securidaca L. seeds are rich in polyphenols and flavonoids that have many biological effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Securigera securidaca seed on alterations in serum biochemical parameters including glucose, lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL), renal function indices (creatinine and BUN) and antioxidant enzymes activity (Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) in tamsulosin-treated male rats. Seventy-two adult male rats were grouped into 9 groups of 8. The control group did not receive drug treatment but the sham group received 1 ml of extract solvent, the positive control group received 0.4 mg/kg Tamsulosin, negative control groups 1, 2, and 3 received 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg extract, respectively and experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 first received 0.4 mg/kg Tamsulosin and then 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of extract for 28 days, respectively. Finally, blood samples were collected to measure the serum biochemical parameters. Tamsulosin increased the levels of glucose, creatinine and BUN, and decreased the level of antioxidant enzymes activity in the control group (p < 0.05), but did not cause significant changes in the level of lipid profile (p > 0.05). However, treatment with doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg of extract in experimental groups 2 and 3, improved glucose, creatinine, BUN and antioxidant enzymes activity compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Hydroalcoholic extract of Securigera securidaca seeds can improve changes in biochemical parameters and renal function indices in the serum of tamsulosin-treated male rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Comparative Effect of Simvastatin with Methanolic Extract and Hyoscyamoside Extracted from Hyoscyamus niger Plant on APO A Gene Expression in Wistar Atherosclerosis Male Rats
Ronak Abdolmohammadi Maryam Bananej Maryam Khosravi Hengameh AlibeikAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the artery that is mainly known by arterial wall thickening. The use of medicine herbs with minimal side effects in hypercholesterolemia treatment and removal of atherosclerotic plaque is important. The aim of the pre MoreAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the artery that is mainly known by arterial wall thickening. The use of medicine herbs with minimal side effects in hypercholesterolemia treatment and removal of atherosclerotic plaque is important. The aim of the present study was to investigate the comparative effect of simvastatin with methanolic extract and hyoscyamoside extracted from Hyoscyamus niger plant on APO A gene expression in Wistar atherosclerosis male rats.Forty Wistar male rats weighing approximately 180 gr (at the beginning of the experiment) were prepared and randomly divided into 5 groups including 8 (control, sham, experimental 1, 2 and 3). All groups (except control) received fatty foods (1% cholesterol) in addition to 2% cholesterol for 40 days (receiving saline water 1 mg/kg daily by control group during this period). Then, the three experimental groups were treated daily with 40 mg/kg of simvastatin, 25 mg/kg of hyoscyamoside and 25 mg/kg of methanolic extract of Hyoscyamus niger plant for 28 days, respectively. During the treatment, sham group received 1 mg/kg saline water daily. Finally, APO A gene expression was determined by blood sampling with real-time PCR tecnique in leukocytes. Also, serum lipid levels were measured by photometric method. Methanolic extract and Hyoscyamus niger plant extracted-hyoscyamoside and simvastatin were caused a significant increase in APO A gene expression in all three experimental groups compared to sham group. Also, methanolic extract was more effective than other products in increasing this gene expression. Methanolic extract of Hyoscyamus niger plant and extracted hyoscyamoside have an additive effect on APO A gene expression and increase serum HDL levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - The Impacts of Lysophospholipd Supplememntation in the Diet on Performance, Carcass Indices, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Metabolites and Immunity of Broiler Chickens Fed with Different Levels of Threonine
Mehdi Bassareh Vahid Rezaeipour Rohullah Abdullahpour Sakineh AsadzadehThis research was conducted in order to evaluate the use of lysophospholipid (LPL) supplement on performance, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens fed with different levels of threonine (Thr) amino acid. In this exper MoreThis research was conducted in order to evaluate the use of lysophospholipid (LPL) supplement on performance, carcass characteristics, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens fed with different levels of threonine (Thr) amino acid. In this experiment, 400 male broilers of ROSS 308 strain were used with 8 treatments and 5 repetitions in a period of 35 days. The experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of 4x2 including two levels of LPL in the diet (0 and 0.1%) and four levels of Thr (100, 105, 110 and 115% of requirement). Experimental diets were used for starter (0 to 10 days), grower (11 to 24 days) and finisher (25 to 35 days) phases. The results of this research showed that during the 35-day period, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio improved in broiler chickens fed with LPL supplement (p < 0.05). However, the use of LPL supplement did not have a significant effect on feed intake in broilers. In addition, feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in broilers fed with 100% Thr level compared to higher amounts of Thr requirements (p < 0.05). The use of levels higher than 100% of Thr requirements and LPL supplement in the diet increased the digestibility of crude protein and crude fat in broiler chickens (p < 0.05). The use of LPL supplement increased the serum concentration glucose (p < 0.05). While the level of 105% Thr in the diet caused a significant decrease in serum triglyceride concentration (P < 0.05). Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the use of LPL supplement and levels higher than 100% of Thr requirements in the broiler chicken diet increased the growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Effects of Combined Extracts of Allium sativum and Citrus limon on Atherosclerosis Inflammatory Risk Factor (hs-CRP) in Male Wistar Rats under High-fat Diet
P. Baradaran Khalkhali S.A. Haeri Rouhani P. YaghmaeeCardiovascular disease, which includes atherosclerosis, is one of the major diseases in the world. High sensitive C-reactive protein is the most sensitive inflammatory marker that recently its serum level predicts risk of cardiovascular disease is suggested. Both garlic MoreCardiovascular disease, which includes atherosclerosis, is one of the major diseases in the world. High sensitive C-reactive protein is the most sensitive inflammatory marker that recently its serum level predicts risk of cardiovascular disease is suggested. Both garlic (Allium sativum) and lemon (citrus limon) are used in the traditional management of CVD without a scientific evidence of the benefit of their combination. This study designed to investigate the hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects of combined extracts of A. sativum and C. limon in male Wistar rats after high-fat diet for eight weeks. For this purpose, 42 adult male rats of Wistar strain, with weights between 200 and 250 gr, were divided into six groups (n=7). Group control and Exp3 was fed on normal pellet diet while group control fat, Sham, Exp1 and Exp2 fed on high-fat diet for up to 8 wk. The combined extract was administered to rats in graded doses for 4 wk and blood serum was analyzed for C-reactive protein and total cholesterol.Results are expressed as means ± SE. Significance differences of biochemical measurements were analyzed by using repeated measure and ANOVA tests to identify differences in phases and among groups. When appropriate, a Tukey posthoc was applied. Statistical significance was accepted at PA. sativum and C. limon was recognizable. However, future long-term well-designed investigations would provide valuable information to establish public health recommendations on the combined extract, taking into account both the nature of the compounds and the optimal dose, for cardiovascular health protection Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Effect of Four Weeks of Aerobic Training and Triphala Supplementation on Levels of Lipid Profile and Body Composition in Obese and Overweight Girls
N. Bijeh F. Korepaz mashhadi F. DareiniSupplementation by triphala along with aerobic exercises may affect obesity in various ways including increased metabolism. This study aimed at investigating the effect of four weeks of aerobic training with/without triphala supplementation on levels of lipid profile an MoreSupplementation by triphala along with aerobic exercises may affect obesity in various ways including increased metabolism. This study aimed at investigating the effect of four weeks of aerobic training with/without triphala supplementation on levels of lipid profile and body composition in obese and overweight girls. In this quasi-experimental study, 36 obese and overweight girls were selected based on certain criteria and randomly divided into four groups: 1) exercise + placebo 2) supplement 3) exercise + supplement 4) placebo. The first and the third groups performed the aerobic exercises for 4 weeks, and the second and third groups consumed 10 grams of triphala daily in the same period. Blood sampling and physical examination were performed to measure the variables 48 hours before and after the research's protocol. The data were analyzed by paired sample t test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey test at the significance level of 0.05. The present study significantly decreased lipid profiles including cholesterol (p = 0.0012), triglyceride (p = 0.039), low density lipoprotein (p = 0.001), high density lipoprotein (p = 0.004), very low density lipoprotein (p = 0.05), WC (p = 0.009) and body fat percent (p = 0.025) in the placebo + exercise group. Also, the significant decrease in fasting glucose index (p = 0.043), WHR (p = 0.001), WC (p = 0.042) and body fat percent (p = 0.001) was seen in the supplement group. Significant decrease was indicated in glucose level (P = 0.003), WC (p = 0.015), body fat percent (p = 0.001) and body mass index (p = 0.020) in the supplement + exercise group. Considering the significant reduction in body fat percentage and some anthropometric indices in the experimental groups, it was suggested that the obese girls use triphala supplement in addition to the aerobic exercises to improve their body composition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - The Effect of Three Months of Resistance Exercise During Dialysis on Lipid Profile and Physical Performance among Dialysis Patients
Ruholla Abasnezhad Mohsen SalesiThe present study aimed to investigate the effect of three-month of resistance exercise on dialysis patients’ lipid profile and physical performance. This study was of a quasi-experimental type. A number of 34 dialysis patients participated in the study voluntaril MoreThe present study aimed to investigate the effect of three-month of resistance exercise on dialysis patients’ lipid profile and physical performance. This study was of a quasi-experimental type. A number of 34 dialysis patients participated in the study voluntarily. Blood samples were taken 24 hours after and before the exercise when the participants did not have breakfast. The subjects of the experimental group participated in pre-planned exercise for three months at three 60 to 70-minute sessions per week. The exercises were done during dialysis when the patients were lying down in bed. The exercise program included 5 to 10 minutes of stretching and limbering as warm up. The main exercise involved ten stations including three sets and ten repetitions by 45% maximum repetition. The subjects were received 1 to 1.5-minute break between the sets and 2 to 3-minute between the stations. In addition, the exercise intensity was enhanced by 5 % once in every two weeks and one repetition was added to SPSS software. Independent t test was used for analyzing the findings. The results indicated that resistance exercise decreased the cholesterol significantly but increased HDL and physical performance in comparison to the control group. The results of the study revealed that resistance exercise decreased some cardiovascular risk factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - PID Tuning Method on AGV (automated guided vehicle) Industrial Robot
Ata Jahangir Moshayedi Atanu Roy Liefa Liao -
Open Access Article
294 - Dynamic Modeling, Assembly and implementing Quadrotor UAV Using PID Controller
Mahyar Geibollahi Ata Jahangir Moshayedi -
Open Access Article
295 - Populus leaf-miner Phyllonorycter populifoliella (Treitschke) (Lep.: Gracillariidae), a new host of Cirrospilus talitzkii Bouček (Hym.: Eulophidae)
Somayeh Sadeghi Hosseinali Lotfalizadeh Shahzad Iranipour Helen AlipanahThis study was conducted in 2009 in some parts of Shahindezh (south of Azarbaijan-e Gharbi, Iran) in order to indentify parasitoids of Populus leaf-miner Phyllonorycter populifoliella(Treitschke)(Lep.: Gracillariidae). Sampling program was performed in Mahmud-Abad MoreThis study was conducted in 2009 in some parts of Shahindezh (south of Azarbaijan-e Gharbi, Iran) in order to indentify parasitoids of Populus leaf-miner Phyllonorycter populifoliella(Treitschke)(Lep.: Gracillariidae). Sampling program was performed in Mahmud-Abad region weekly. A parasitoid wasp, Cirrospilus talitzkii Bouček (Hym.: Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) was identified that is reported for the first time on Populus leaf-miner. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - Hymenopterous parasitoids associated with rose gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) at the north of West-Azerbaijan province: Composition of species and their seasonal changes
Robabeh Mohammadi Hosseinali Lotfalizadeh Shahrokh Pashayi-RadRose is an economically important ornamental plant worldwide. This plant is attacked by gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) that make galls within which some inquline parasitoid species inhabit. The main purpose of this study was identification of these parasitic wasps MoreRose is an economically important ornamental plant worldwide. This plant is attacked by gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) that make galls within which some inquline parasitoid species inhabit. The main purpose of this study was identification of these parasitic wasps and studying their abundance at the northern parts of West-Azerbaijan province (Iran) during the growth season in 2010. In this study 14 parasitoid species were identified belonging to six families; Eulophidae, Eupelmidae, Eurytomidae, Pteromalidae, Torymidae (superfamily Chalcidoidea) and Ichneumonidae (superfamily Ichneumonoidea). The community composition and temporal frequency distribution of these species are given. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - Evaluation of epidemiologic and clinical manifestations of suspected and definitive CCHF referred to health center of khorasan razavi province(from 1384 to 1391).
Hossein Mokhtari Parisa FarajiBack ground: Crimean-congo Heamorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral fatal disease from bunyaviridae. CCHF has been growth increasingly in iran after 1378.The disease is transmitted to humans through human blood or infected animals and also tick bites.Although the dise MoreBack ground: Crimean-congo Heamorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral fatal disease from bunyaviridae. CCHF has been growth increasingly in iran after 1378.The disease is transmitted to humans through human blood or infected animals and also tick bites.Although the disease is a zoonotic disease primarily but sporadic cases of infectious in human happens. Method: This study is a cross-sectional disease and the study population is all the patients referred to the Heath Center of Khorasan Razavi province during 1384-91. In this study all suspected and definite patients records were investigated and with inventory٫ epidemiological data including gender٫age٫season disease٫occupation٫nationality٫animal contact٫how to get the disease٫clinical manifestation were logged.After collecting the information٫data in computer were analyzed with 21 version of SPSS software and frequency distribution tables and graphs were set according to reviewed parameters. Result: Of the 122 patients were studied٫60 patients were definite and 62 patients were suspected as if the results showed that the prevalence of Crimean-congo heamorrhogic fever is greater in men٫aged in 21-30 years٫in high-risk professions such as animal husbandry or butchery٫in spring and summer seasons٫with predominant symptoms of fever٫sudden onset٫myalgia٫bleeding. Conclusions: Based on the information obtained٫early diagnosis and training at risk groups recommended to prevent from epidemic happenings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Evaluation of hyperlipidemia in patient with hypertension refered to hospitals of Azad university of Mashhad in 86-87
Mahdi Masumian Mohamad Sarafraz yazdi Golnoosh GhooshchiAims: About a quarter of adult people (60 million in USA and 1 billion all over the world) suffer arterial blood pressure. Hypertension is the main reason of mortality around the world and is a big trouble in public health. Whereas the lipids such as total cholesterol, MoreAims: About a quarter of adult people (60 million in USA and 1 billion all over the world) suffer arterial blood pressure. Hypertension is the main reason of mortality around the world and is a big trouble in public health. Whereas the lipids such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL concern in atherosclerosis which are followed by cardiovascular disorders, we conducted to evaluation of hyperlipidemia in the high arterial blood pressure patients. Method: We carried out our thesis by observational case-control method and we studied 400 patients who refer to the cardiac and internal clinics of Azad University Hospitals of Mashhad during 2007-2008. We divided the patients to 2 groups: 200 patients for control (with normal blood pressure) and 200 patients for case group (high blood pressure). We recorded clinical and demographic information by a questionnaire and then a lipid profile test (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL) was done. Results: According to the results there is a significant difference in the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride between 2 groups (Pvalue= 0.0001). But there is not a significant difference for HDL (Pvalue= 0.692).A bout LDL there is a significant difference between 2 groups. (Pvalue= 0.001). Due to ‍confounding factors such as age, occupation and etc there is no significant difference in a multi-variable logistic regression model in all lipids except triglyceride between 2 groups.(total cholesterol (Pvalue= 0.240), triglyceride (Pvalue= 0.027) , LDL(Pvalue= 0.249), HDL (Pvalue= 0.906)). Discussion: Statistical results showed that there is a significant relation between hypertrigliceridemia and hypertension, but other lipids with notice to confounding factors need to accompariment other risk factors until can be predisposal factors for hypertension. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Frequency and pattern of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in type 2-diabetes mellitus patients
Sahar Ghare Kamila Hashem zadeh Anahita MasumBackground: Diabetes mellitus include of common metabolic disorder, which have at least prevalence of 7.7% in 25-64 years old adults. There are multi factors in the etiology of diabetes such as genetic, environmental, social, psychiatrically and personality factors. In MoreBackground: Diabetes mellitus include of common metabolic disorder, which have at least prevalence of 7.7% in 25-64 years old adults. There are multi factors in the etiology of diabetes such as genetic, environmental, social, psychiatrically and personality factors. In otherwise, complication of diabetes found some ofmusculoskeletal disorders in person. Due to, the purpose of the present study was Frequency and pattern of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in type 2-diabetes mellitus patients. Method and material: We studied 80 diabetic patients. Refer to clinic of diabetes in 22 bahman hospital and PARSIAN Diabetes Clinic in Mashhad with theupper limb musculoskeletal checklist, using statistical software and chi-square and fisher test. Result: finding show that there was statistically relationship between sex and Carp tunnel syndrome in diabetic patients. Also there was statistically relationship between HbA1C under 7 and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in diabetic patients (p<0.05) Conclusion: in better self-controlling of diabetes may reduction of morbidity upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in type 2-diabetes mellitus patients and aware patients from upper limb musculoskeletal disorders could decrease these disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - Evaluation of epidemiologic and clinical manifestations of suspected and definitive CCHF referred to health center of khorasan razavi province(from 1384 to 1391).
Hossein Mokhtari Parisa FarajiBack ground: Crimean-congo Heamorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral fatal disease from bunyaviridae. CCHF has been growth increasingly in iran after 1378.The disease is transmitted to humans through human blood or infected animals and also tick bites.Although the dise MoreBack ground: Crimean-congo Heamorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral fatal disease from bunyaviridae. CCHF has been growth increasingly in iran after 1378.The disease is transmitted to humans through human blood or infected animals and also tick bites.Although the disease is a zoonotic disease primarily but sporadic cases of infectious in human happens. Method: This study is a cross-sectional disease and the study population is all the patients referred to the Heath Center of Khorasan Razavi province during 1384-91. In this study all suspected and definite patients records were investigated and with inventory٫ epidemiological data including gender٫age٫season disease٫occupation٫nationality٫animal contact٫how to get the disease٫clinical manifestation were logged.After collecting the information٫data in computer were analyzed with 21 version of SPSS software and frequency distribution tables and graphs were set according to reviewed parameters. Result: Of the 122 patients were studied٫60 patients were definite and 62 patients were suspected as if the results showed that the prevalence of Crimean-congo heamorrhogic fever is greater in men٫aged in 21-30 years٫in high-risk professions such as animal husbandry or butchery٫in spring and summer seasons٫with predominant symptoms of fever٫sudden onset٫myalgia٫bleeding. Conclusions: Based on the information obtained٫early diagnosis and training at risk groups recommended to prevent from epidemic happenings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - The effects of liposuction surgery on metabolic factors
Nasser sanjar mussavi Ahmad saffari Shahedeh karimi torshizi Arezou FarajpourBackground: Today, obesity has become a common and chronic disease can also endure socio - economic losses and serious health problems brought abundant. Obesity causes various diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease and so on.There MoreBackground: Today, obesity has become a common and chronic disease can also endure socio - economic losses and serious health problems brought abundant. Obesity causes various diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease and so on.There are several treatments for patients suffering from obesity but due to vast changes in life style, the patients look for easier, faster and safer techniques with long lasting results. The liposuction is one of the most popular techniques for treating localized obesity in recent years. In this study, we examined the metabolic changes following liposuction surgery. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was done during 2013-2014 on 19 obese- non-diabetic women (BMI≥30 kg/m2). For Eligible patients, history and physical examination were recorded and BMI was calculated. Informed consent was obtained. Fasting blood samples of patients were taken 24 hours before surgery and 4 weeks after surgery for FBS, Total Chol, HDL, LDL, TG and Insulin was measured.Demographic data and laboratory data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software and paired t-test. Results: The findings showed that the FBS and insulin significantly decreased and TG significantly increased after liposuction, while changes in total cholesterol, LDL and HDL were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Due to a decrease in insulin levels and FBS somewhat decreased serum lipids after liposuction, this surgery can improve insulin sensitivity, blood lipid profile and improving the quality of life in these patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - Epidemioliogic study on death due to poisoning in mashhad forensic 1391
Mahdi Malek Nejad Aria Hejazi Gholamreza GonabadiBackground: Medicinal and non-medicinal poisoning are serious problems worldwide and the second cause of death following infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic and demographic characteristics of intoxicated cases admitted to forensic M MoreBackground: Medicinal and non-medicinal poisoning are serious problems worldwide and the second cause of death following infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic and demographic characteristics of intoxicated cases admitted to forensic Mashhad County, Iran. Method and materials: this study based on cross- sectional, done by census sampling method, sampling size was persons who died from poison where referred to Mashhad forensic. Results: finding shows that men more than women suffered from poison and died. Cause of death was more related to narcotic (92%). Conclusion: this epidemiologic finding is suitable for health policy to make better and more effective planning to decrease death from poison. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - Evaluation of epidemiologic causes in cutaneous leishmanious patients referred to health care center of mashhad moghadas province from 2008 to 2013
Hossein Mokhtari Morteza GolmakaniBackground: Leishmaniasis is a common disease between human and animals. The hosts of the parasite are wild animals and rodents. The of parasite Leishmaniasis causes complex diseases that called Leishmanousis. The aim of this study was to determine epidemiological etiol MoreBackground: Leishmaniasis is a common disease between human and animals. The hosts of the parasite are wild animals and rodents. The of parasite Leishmaniasis causes complex diseases that called Leishmanousis. The aim of this study was to determine epidemiological etiology of Leishmaniosis in the paitient with Leishmaniosis that live in Mashhad between the years (2008-2013). Materials & Methods: In this Cross- sectional study, all of the patients with Leishmaniosis that have files in health care centers in Mashhad between the years of (2008-2013) were studied. Results: The results of this study showed that the most patients are in the 2011. That 54% of them are men. Also the Teenagers with 23% convering the biggest group of Leishmaniosis . The averge years of the patients in 6 years was 27/27 ± 16/68 among the jobs the house wifes were more affected with Leishmaniosis. The time between the manifestation of the disease to diagnosis was between 2/4±1/92 months. The size of the wounds are about 1/97± 1/43 cm and the average of it was 2/38± 2/54 for each person. In 1013 person, 438 wounds were seen that most of them are on the hands (31/5%) and arms (17/5%). Conclusion: The most patients are in the 2011. That 54% of them are men. The Teenagers with 23% covering the biggest group of Leishmaniosis. The averge years of the patients in 6 years was 27/27 ± 16/68 . According the result fall is the best season for wet of this disease. The size of the wounds are about 1/97± 1/43 cm and the average of it was 2/38± 2/54 for each person. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - Effects of l-carnitine on dyslipidemia and anemia in hemodialysis patients
Mohammad Bagher Najjar Zadeh Maedeh Sadeghi Naeini pour Mahmud reza KhazaeiIntroduction In patients on maintenance hemodialysis several factors reduce the body stored carnitine which could lead to dyslipidemia and anemia in these patients. We evaluated the effect of oral L-carnitine supplementation on lipid profiles and anemia in hemodialysis MoreIntroduction In patients on maintenance hemodialysis several factors reduce the body stored carnitine which could lead to dyslipidemia and anemia in these patients. We evaluated the effect of oral L-carnitine supplementation on lipid profiles and anemia in hemodialysis patients. Methods and Materials Thisrandomized clinical trialwas performedon patients undergoing continuous hemodialysis. Of 63 hemodialysis patientswere studied, 30 patients inthe control groupand 33 casesres pectively. The case group were treated for 6 months with oral L-carnitine (250 mg threetimes daily). At the beginning andthe end of thestudy, hemoglobin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, VLDL, albumin, KT / v, height, weight, BMI was measured. And withthe Demographic characteristics questionnaires were collected. Data collected by the spssv20 software and other Statistical Methods descriptive and analytical were evaluated. Results There was no significant changes in hemoglobin levels between the two groups. Compared between the 2 groups in terms of changes in lipid profile seems this medicine is not very effective in modifying lipid profiles, although slight and positive changes in lipid profile in Group (cases) were found. The drugcauseda significant reductioninbody weight.And the mean BMI was significantly reduced in the cases group than the control group. Significant differences between the two groups in terms of changes in albumin is not found . Conclusion It seems to correct anemia and hyperlipidemia medication use carnitine is not effective in hemodialysis patients. However, use of this medication is effective in reducing the patient's weight loss and BMI. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - Dietary phospholipids (PL) levels on haematology parameters of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) juveniles
Mahmoudreza Ebrahimnezhad Cheroos Ibn Saad Abdolmohammad Abedian KenaryA study was carried out to determine the influence of dietary phospholipids (PL) levels on haematology parameters of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) juveniles. Juveniles were fed formulated diet with four varying dietary levels of PL i.e. 0 (D1), 2 (D2), 4 (D3), and 6% (D4) MoreA study was carried out to determine the influence of dietary phospholipids (PL) levels on haematology parameters of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) juveniles. Juveniles were fed formulated diet with four varying dietary levels of PL i.e. 0 (D1), 2 (D2), 4 (D3), and 6% (D4). At the end of the experimental period (56 days), results of the experiment also showed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) observed in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (g/dl). Fish fed diet D2 (2% PL) had the highest MCHC with a value of 33.3 g/dl. There was no significant different (P>0.05) in other haematology parameters such as red blood cells (RBC), haematocrit (Hct), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and white blood cells (WBC) in treated fish . The highest RBC reading was found in fish fed diet D2 with numerical value of 1.07 (cells/l) for and the lowest value was found for fish fed diet D1 with a value of 0.86 (cells/l). Percent haematocrit readings ranged from the highest (fish fed D3) to the lowest (fish fed D1) with values of 26.33 and 25.00% respectively. Haemoglobin (Hb) ranging from the highest (fish fed D2) to the lowest (fish fed D1) with values of 8.64 and 7.67 (g/dl) respectively.The measurement of differentiated white blood cell of Huso huso with varying dietary phospholipids levels such as lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils also showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) amongst the treatments. Thehighest percentage amount of lymphocyte and monocyte were found in fish fed diet D2 with values of 71.67% and 3.67% respectively. While the highest readings for neutrophils, and eosinophils was found in fish fed diets D1 and D4 with values of 21.33% and 8.33% respectively. In conclusion, the addition of phospholipids in the juvenile’s beluga sturgeon no effect on hematological parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - Design of Multi-Stage Fuzzy PID Bundled Artificial Bee Colony for Multi-machine PSS
Nasser yousefi -
Open Access Article
307 - Rapid diagnosis of different mycobacterial species in Tuberculosis
, E Jabbarzadeh مهناز Saif,Transmition of tuberculosis between man and livestock is quite common. In the world tuberculosis is describedto be present in 20 million people. and every year 5 million people is added to this fgure. People living in poorerareas are more in danger of the tuberculosis. MoreTransmition of tuberculosis between man and livestock is quite common. In the world tuberculosis is describedto be present in 20 million people. and every year 5 million people is added to this fgure. People living in poorerareas are more in danger of the tuberculosis. Tuberculosis has been diagnosed in cows with dilapidated tuberclesin various organs. In addition to the cow, man, goats and pigs are sensitive to bovine tuberculosis, sheep and horsesshow a kind of natural resistance.Three types of Mycobacterium tubercule bacilli have been recognized among warm blooded animals , whichhuman tuberculosis species (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and bovine species (Mycobacterium bovis) are verysimilar to each other but a kind of chicken species is different.Identifcation of different mycobacterial species with biochemical and phenotypic methods is time-consumingand diffcult, and using these diagnostic methods created some problems to identify some of these species. Todayrapid molecular diagnostic methods for mycobacterial species which infected human communities have importantposition in epidemiology and control of tuberculosis. Therefore, the recognition of the strain types in every regionreveals the usefull information about the disease for every society. This issue in identifying all cases infected withthe mycobacterial strains (Atypical and TB) is very important.Recently some techniques such as Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) and the use of specifcprobes in the diagnosis of mycobacterial strains have much effciency. By using these methods one can easily takesamples from suspicious humans or animals and in one mycobacterial infection and species identifcation can beperformed. It is obvious that quick diagnosis of mycobacterial infections can help to reduce the disease in thecountry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - Seroepidemiologic survey onWest Nile Virus, Equine Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine Arteritis Virus and Influenza A Virus in the stables of Tehranand Alborz province
,A Badiei ,A Shaghayagh R. Sadri S.M irsaeedi Farahani, ,M Loghmani ,P Hosamy ,A. Ahmadi رامین Balali, ,A Jamali ,F MoosakhaniA seroepidemiological study to detect the presence of the antibodies against West Nile Virus(WNV), Influenza AVirus, Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIA) and Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV) was done in Tehran and Alborzprovince, Iran from April 2011 to July 2012. The object MoreA seroepidemiological study to detect the presence of the antibodies against West Nile Virus(WNV), Influenza AVirus, Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIA) and Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV) was done in Tehran and Alborzprovince, Iran from April 2011 to July 2012. The objective of this study was to determine the serological statusof the most important viruses in horse. Serum samples were collected from stable horses throughout TehranandAlborzprovince. Out Of 126 samples, 3 (2.38%), 1 (0.79%), 37 (29.36%), 85(67.46%) were seropositive for WNV,EIA, EAV and Influenza A Virus, respectively. The results revealed that antibodies against WNV, EIA and EAVwere present in Tehran and Alborz province; meanwhile,previous exposure to WNV, EIA and EAV might nothave occurred in Iran due to low percentages ofWNV and EIA seropositive cases and medium percentage ofEAV seropositive results. Seropositivecases of WNV, EIA and EAV were as same as other reports. Since highpercentages of Influenza A seropositive results, the agent is likely circulating in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Seroepidemiologic survey on West Nile Virus, Equine Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine Arteritis Virus and Influenza A Virus in the stables of Tehran and Alborz province
S.M Mirsaeedi Farahani آریا Badiei علیرضا Shaghayagh رویا Sadri مهدی Loghmani پیمان Hosamy احمد Ahmadi R. Balali علیرضا Jamali فرهاد MoosakhaniA seroepidemiological study to detect the presence of the antibodies against West Nile Virus(WNV), Influenza AVirus, Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIA) and Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV) was done in Tehran and Alborzprovince, Iran from April 2011 to July 2012. The object MoreA seroepidemiological study to detect the presence of the antibodies against West Nile Virus(WNV), Influenza AVirus, Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIA) and Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV) was done in Tehran and Alborzprovince, Iran from April 2011 to July 2012. The objective of this study was to determine the serological statusof the most important viruses in horse. Serum samples were collected from stable horses throughout Tehran andAlborz province. Out Of 126 samples, 3 (2.38%), 1 (0.79%), 37 (29.36%), 85(67.46%) were seropositive forWNV, EIA, EAV and Influenza A Virus, respectively. The results revealed that antibodies against WNV, EIA andEAV were present in Tehran and Alborz province; meanwhile,previous exposure to WNV, EIA and EAV mightnot have occurred in Iran due to low percentages ofWNV and EIA seropositive cases and medium percentage ofEAV seropositive results. Seropositivecases of WNV, EIA and EAV were as same as other reports. Since highpercentages of Influenza Aseropositive results, the agent is likely circulating in Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - The effect of salicylic acid on some morphological and physiological traits under salinity stress (Catharanthus roseus)
Samaneh Abdolmohammadi Jalal OmidiAbstract: Considering the increasing trend of salinity development and lack of desirable land for agriculture in the world, the use of saline resistant species or the use of compounds that reduce the effects of salinity stress and induction of resistance to stress in pl MoreAbstract: Considering the increasing trend of salinity development and lack of desirable land for agriculture in the world, the use of saline resistant species or the use of compounds that reduce the effects of salinity stress and induction of resistance to stress in plants is very important. Salicylic acid is one of the beneficial compounds for plants, which plays an important role in the resistance of plants to environmental stresses, including salinity stress. To evaluate the potential beneficial effects of salicylic acid on some of the physiological and morphological parameters of an experiment, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with two factors: salinity including sodium chloride at 0, 100 and 150 mM and salicylic acid at two levels 0 and 1 mM with four repeats. At the end of experiment, vegetative traits, chlorophyll a, b, total, carotenoids, starch, sucrose and total protein content were measured after 28 days of treatment. The results of salinity and salicylic acid interaction showed that salinity significantly reduced the weight and dry weight of the shoot, root dry weight and root, root penetration depth, and the height of the forage plant. Salinity of 150 mM significantly reduced the amount of chlorophyll a and b. In addition, the amount of sucrose and starch and protein decreased by salinity. Treatments with salicylic acid increased vegetative traits, sugars, chlorophyll, carotenoids and protein under salinity stress significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - Investigating the Impact of COVID- 19 on Educational Activities in universities: Emphasizing Satisfaction with the Quality of Virtual Education system in Islamic Azad University
marzieh yarizanganehThe aim of this study is to investigate the level of students’ satisfaction with the quality of virtual education in the Islamic Azad University during COVID-19 pandemic. Method of this study is applied type in terms of objectives and descriptive survey through a MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the level of students’ satisfaction with the quality of virtual education in the Islamic Azad University during COVID-19 pandemic. Method of this study is applied type in terms of objectives and descriptive survey through a purposeful online opinion poll from students active in the virtual education classes of the Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht in 2020-2021. Researcher made questionnaire according to virtual education requirements in seven dimensions: course content, curriculum design, technology, course management, learner support, teacher support, course evaluation with 35 Likert-scale questions based on Hao and Barich (2010) design. The required data were collected through 287 questionnaires during three months. Hypotheses were tested by SPSS program, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), and inferential statistics (one-way analysis of variance, Duncan post hoc test and t-test, Pearson correlation). The study of students' satisfaction with the quality of Virtual Education during Corona virus pandemic showed that it does not have the desired level. Satisfaction with the components of education quality varies among different fields of study; as the students of humanities were more satisfied with virtual education than technical engineering and basic science students. Considering the components of quality of education that means curriculum content, curriculum design, technology and learner support at different educational levels proved that post- graduate students were more satisfied. The results show that women are more satisfied with the quality of virtual education than men. The results of this research would present proper guidelines for educational administrators as well as future emergency decision-makers regarding the implementation of e-learning programs in the country's universities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - Safir-e Simorgh in Kargahe Ankaboot
Shahin Ojagh AlizadehThe purpose of this article is to investigate and analyze Suhrawardi’s masterpiece “The Calling of Simorgh” and to examine the grand thoughts of this thinker. On the surface, this valuable work seems to be a treatise on mysticism explaining the s MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate and analyze Suhrawardi’s masterpiece “The Calling of Simorgh” and to examine the grand thoughts of this thinker. On the surface, this valuable work seems to be a treatise on mysticism explaining the stages of Suluk and the secrets of Gnosticism, but in fact is a voluminous book, summarized for instructional purposes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - The reflection of social cultural issues in Moulana’sMasnaviManavi (From the sociological perspective
Farhad TahmasebiThe purpose of this article is to search for social-cultural foregrounds in tales in Moulana’sMasnavi in order to be able to draw a picture of the society of his age. For this purpose 90 stories which had more clear social background have been selected from MoreThe purpose of this article is to search for social-cultural foregrounds in tales in Moulana’sMasnavi in order to be able to draw a picture of the society of his age. For this purpose 90 stories which had more clear social background have been selected from six books of Masnavi. Then different classes, and social professions were classified and social- cultural debates reflected in these stories were analyzed. This study is mostly concerned with social-cultural issues of these stories and the departing point in anecdotes which points to the existing realities in that society. The end result, finds the society of the poet’s era grappled with imitative conduct, oppression, corruption, lie, hypocrisy, stupidity, and ignorance, superficiality, murder, theft,…etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Psychological factors, blood lipids and the severity of coronary heart disease: a structural equation modeling approach
Mohammad Reza Seairafi Hassan Ahadi Saeid Sadrghian Hassan Ashayeri MOjtaba Hbibi Asgari AbadOne of the most important factors in mortality in the world is coronary heart disease. This disease also has several risk factors, one of these is psychological factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of psychological factors in coronary heart disea MoreOne of the most important factors in mortality in the world is coronary heart disease. This disease also has several risk factors, one of these is psychological factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of psychological factors in coronary heart disease which was mediated by blood lipids. For this purpose, in a descriptive study, 343 women and men who referred to Tehran Heart Center and Fajr hospital were selected from available samples. They were then tested in terms of depression, anxiety, stress, perceived support, anger expression, aggression, personality type, blood lipid levels. The severity of coronary artery disease was measured by coronary angiography. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicated that blood lipid meditated the relationship between psychological factors and coronary heart disease. Psychological factors have an effect on the severity of coronary heart disease and part of the influence is exerted by blood lipids. Hence, it is suggested that it should be paid attention to psychological factors and blood lipids of coronary heart disease in prevention and treatment programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - Propolis as a natural preservative for frozen fish burgers: A kinetic study of lipid oxidation and microbial growth
محسن مختاریان محسن دلوی Fatemeh KoushkiThe kinetic mechanism of fatty acids or FA degradation and microbial growth rate or MGR in seafood are very important. In this research, the interaction effect of propolis addition (at different concentrations) and storage times on the FA oxidation kinetics and its inhi MoreThe kinetic mechanism of fatty acids or FA degradation and microbial growth rate or MGR in seafood are very important. In this research, the interaction effect of propolis addition (at different concentrations) and storage times on the FA oxidation kinetics and its inhibitory role on the suppression of bacterial/fungi growth of stored FFB at -18°C was evaluated. The FA degradation (or microbial growth) rates in FFB during storage period follows the zero-order kinetics. The lowest growth rate (log10 CFU/g) of total viable count (3.66) and fungi (2.43) of FFB was observed after three-months storage in the P-IV, that corresponded to the lowest degradation rate of peroxide value (k0=0.0462 meq O2/kg oil/day) and the highest sensory evaluation scores. Generally, adding 0.4% propolis to FFB and storing them at -18°C for up to 86 days (as the best shelf life) can effectively prevent lipid oxidation and microbial growth and improve sensory quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - Effects of aerobic exercise and spirulina supplementation on the lipid profile, and body’s functional variables, and composition in overweight women
Sahar Iravani Khosro Jalali Dehkordi Kamran TavakolBackground: Obesity leads to various chronic conditions and investigating its causative factors is of health and clinical and significance to humans. Doing physical exercises regularly and consuming proper diet are frequently recommended for achieving health benefits an MoreBackground: Obesity leads to various chronic conditions and investigating its causative factors is of health and clinical and significance to humans. Doing physical exercises regularly and consuming proper diet are frequently recommended for achieving health benefits and resolving the various complications of obesity. This study examined the question whether performing moderate intensity aerobic exercises combined with spirulina, a seaweed rich in probiotics and antioxidants, can improve the lipid profile, body composition and function in overweight women. Methods: We examined the associated variables linked to obesity in 20 volunteer women in a pre- and post-test design over eight weeks of intense aerobic exercises based on an established protocol, compared to the controls. We assessed cardiovascular endurance, and variables like lipid profile, weight, body mass index, and lean muscle mass in response to exercising plus spirulina consumption versus the controls. Results: The exercise combined with spirulina significantly reduced blood triglycerides and LDL while raising the HDL. The treatment significantly reduced the body weight, fat and BMI while increasing the muscle strength and Vo2max compared to those of the control group. Conclusions: Combining moderate intensity aerobic exercises with spirulina supplements significantly reduced the body weight, fat deposits, and BMI while increasing the muscle strength and Vo2max in overweight and obese women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - Effect of seed deterioration on germination, biochemical and enzymatic activity of buckwheat
آرزو پراور Saeideh Maleki Farahani Shokofeh Gholami To determine the effect of seed deterioration on germination, biochemical and enzymatic activity of buckwheat, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design in Seed Science and Technology Laboratory of Shahed University, Iran. The More To determine the effect of seed deterioration on germination, biochemical and enzymatic activity of buckwheat, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized design in Seed Science and Technology Laboratory of Shahed University, Iran. The treatments consisted of ageing duration (non-aging, 2, 4 and 7 days) and seed moisture content (10, 20 and 30%). Parameters such as germination percentage, mean germination time, electrical conductivity, lipid peroxidation and catalase activity were measured. The effect of aging duration, seed moisture content and their interaction on traits were significant. Germination percentage, mean germination time, electrical conductivity, lipid peroxidation, and catalase enzyme activity were significantly affected by aging duration and seed moisture content. The highest germination percentage and catalase enzyme activity in aged seeds was observed during two days with 20% moisture content. Mean germination time, electrical conductivity and lipid peroxidation in aged seeds for seven days was in the highest level in seeds with 30% moisture content. Seed moisture content and aging duration increased the mechanisms involved in seed aging and cell membrane phospholipids affected by deterioration, which increased the electrical conductivity and lipid peroxidation and reduced germination and catalase enzyme activity. To prevent buckwheat seed deterioration in long and short term storage, it is recommended that seed moisture content is kept about 10%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - The effect of eight weeks crossfit training and green tea with medium and high doses on lipid profile of obese women
Marjan Asadi Hassan SanianThe aim of the present study is to compare the effects of eight weeks of crossfit exercises and consumption of medium and high doses of green tea on the body composition and lipid profiles of overweight and obese women. 40 overweight and obese women in five groups with MoreThe aim of the present study is to compare the effects of eight weeks of crossfit exercises and consumption of medium and high doses of green tea on the body composition and lipid profiles of overweight and obese women. 40 overweight and obese women in five groups with an average age of 28.1 ± 3.4 years, height 164 ± 0.5 cm, weight 75.95 ± 0.9 kg volunteered to participate in this research. Crossfit training was done in 24 sessions during eight weeks. The duration of the activity in each session was 60 minutes. Each training session consisted of 15 minutes of warm-up, 45 minutes of crossfit exercises, and 15 minutes of stretching and cooling down. The subjects of the green tea group consumed 1000 mg of green tea with an average dose and the subjects of the high dose of green tea consumed 1500 mg of green tea. The placebo group consumed the same amount of corn starch in capsules of the same shape and color. The fat percentage of the subjects in the green tea group with medium dose combined with Crossfit training (p = 0.009), the green tea group with high dose combined with Crossfit training (p = 0.004) and the placebo group with Crossfit training (p = 0.023) decreased significantly. No intra-group changes or inter-group differences were observed for triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol variables. The results of the research showed that performing eight weeks of crossfit training along with green tea consumption reduces the fat percentage of overweight and obese women. Manuscript profile
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