Evaluation of hyperlipidemia in patient with hypertension refered to hospitals of Azad university of Mashhad in 86-87

Subject Areas : علوم پزشکی

Mahdi  Masumian ¹ ()
Mohamad  Sarafraz yazdi ² ()
Golnoosh  Ghooshchi ³ ()

Received: 2017-04-05 Accepted : 2017-04-05 Published : 2016-05-21

Keywords: Hyperlipidemia, Hypercholestrolemia, Hypertrigliceridemia- Hypertension, LDL, HDL,

Abstract :

Aims: About a quarter of adult people (60 million in USA and 1 billion all over the world) suffer arterial blood pressure. Hypertension is the main reason of mortality around the world and is a big trouble in public health. Whereas the lipids such as total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL concern in atherosclerosis which are followed by cardiovascular disorders, we conducted to evaluation of hyperlipidemia in the high arterial blood pressure patients. Method: We carried out our thesis by observational case-control method and we studied 400 patients who refer to the cardiac and internal clinics of Azad University Hospitals of Mashhad during 2007-2008. We divided the patients to 2 groups: 200 patients for control (with normal blood pressure) and 200 patients for case group (high blood pressure). We recorded clinical and demographic information by a questionnaire and then a lipid profile test (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL) was done. Results: According to the results there is a significant difference in the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride between 2 groups (Pvalue= 0.0001). But there is not a significant difference for HDL (Pvalue= 0.692).A bout LDL there is a significant difference between 2 groups. (Pvalue= 0.001). Due to ‍confounding factors such as age, occupation and etc there is no significant difference in a multi-variable logistic regression model in all lipids except triglyceride between 2 groups.(total cholesterol (Pvalue= 0.240), triglyceride (Pvalue= 0.027) , LDL(Pvalue= 0.249), HDL (Pvalue= 0.906)). Discussion: Statistical results showed that there is a significant relation between hypertrigliceridemia and hypertension, but other lipids with notice to confounding factors need to accompariment other risk factors until can be predisposal factors for hypertension.  

References:

1. Porth CM, Gaspard KJ, Book D, Gunta KE, Carroll EW, Guven S, et al. Essentials of pathophysiology. 1th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. P. 254-290.


2. Victor RG, KaplanNM. Systemic Hypertension: Mechanisms and diagnosis. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Braunwald E, Achenbach S, et al. braunwald's heart disease a text book of cardiovascular medicine. 8^th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2008.p. 1027-1048.


3. Sabri S, Bener A, Eapen V, Abu Zeid MS, Al-Mazrouei AM, Singh J. Some risk factors for hypertension in the United Arab Emirates. East Mediterr Health J 2004 Jul-Sep; 10(4-5): 610-9.


4.  Semenkovich CF. Disorders of lipid metabolism. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, Arend WP, Armitage JO, Clemmons DR, Drazen JM, et al. Cecil medicine. 23th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2008.p. 1546-1555.


5. Guyton AC, Hall JE. Text book of medical physiology 11^th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2006.p 171-180, 840-851.


6.  Genest J, Libby P.Lipoprotein disorders and cardiovascular disease. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Braunwald E, Achenbach S, et al. Braunwald's heart disease a text book of cardiovascular medicine. 8^th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2008. p. 1071-1092.


7. Hilbert T, Lifshitz MS. Lipids and dyslipoproteinemia. In: Pincus MR, Abraham NZ, Mcpherson RA, Bluth MH, Hutchison RE, Lifshitz MS, et al. Henry's clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods. 21th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2007.p.200-218.


8.      Murray RK, Granner DK, Rodwell VW, Bender DA, Botham KM, Kennelly PY, et al. Harper's illustrated biochemistry. 27^th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2006. p.209-241.


9. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Alpers CE, Anthony DC, Aster JC, Robbins and cotran pathologic basis of disease. 7^th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier saunders; 2005.p.3-46.


10. Rader DJ, Hobbs HH. Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism. In: Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Longo DL, Braundwald E, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, et al. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 17^th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008. p. 2416-2429.


11. Flier JS, Moratos E. Biology of obesity. In: Fauci  AS, Kasper DL, Longo DL, Braundwald E, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, et al. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 17^th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008.p. 462-468.


12. Jensen MD. Obesity. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, Arend WP, Armitage JO, Clemmons DR, Drazen JM, et al. Cecil medicine. 23th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2008. p. 1643-1652.


13. Libby P. The pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. In: Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Longo DL, Braunwald E, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, et al. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 17 ^th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008. p. 1501-1509.


14. Fuster V. Atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, Arend WP, Armitage JO, Clemmons DR, Drazen JM, et al. Cecil medicine. 23th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2008. p. 472-477.


15. Schoen FJ. Blood vessels. In: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Alpers CE, Anthony DC, Aster JC, et al. Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. 7^th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier saunders; 2005. p. 511-554.


16. Ridker PM, Libby P. Risk factors for atherothrombotic disease. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Braunwald E, Achenbach S, et al. Braunwald's heart disease a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 8^th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2008. p. 1003-1026.


17. Libby P. The vascular biology of atherosclerosis. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Braunwald E, Achenbach S, et al. Braundwasld's heart disease a text book of cardiovascular medicine. 8^th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2008. p. 985-1002.


18. Corwin EJ. Hand book of pathophysiology. 2th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Willkins; 2000. p. 372-381.


19. Victor RG. Arterial hypertension. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, Arend WP, Armitage JO, Clemmons DR, Drazen JM, et al. Cecil medicine. 23th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2008. p. 430-450.


20. Fang JC, O'Gara PT. The history and physical examination and evidence-based approach. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Braundwald E, Achenbach S, et al. Braunwald's heart disease a text book of cardiovascular medicine. 8^th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2008. p. 125-148.


21. Kotchen ThA. Hypertensive vascular disease. In: Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Longo DL, Braundwald E, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, et al. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 17 ^th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008. p. 1549-1562.


22. Goodman CC. The cardiovascular system. In: Boissonault WG, Goodman CC, Fuller KS, Corboy JR, Glanzman A, Konecne SM, et al. Pathology: Implications for the physical therapist. 2th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2003.p. 367-477.


23. KaplanNM. Systemic hypertension: Therapy. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP, Braundwald E, Achenbach S, et al. Braunwald's heart disease a text book of cardiovascular medicine. 8^th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2008. p. 1049-1070.


24. Oghbeid DO, Karim A, Al-Khalifa IM, Siddique S. Population based study of serum lipid levels in Al-Kharj Health Center, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2004 June; 25 (12): 1855-1857.


25. Ruixing Y, Jinzhen W, Shangling P, Weixiong L, Dezhai Y, Yuming C. Sex differences in environmental  and genetic factors for hypertension. Am J Med 2008 sep; 121 (9): 811-9.


26. Perreault S, Coupal L, Paradis G, Joffres MR, Dorais M, Grover SA. Impact of treating hyperlipidemia or hypertension to reduce the risk of death from coronary artery disease. CMAJ 1999 May; 160 (10): 1449-55.


27. Li LL, Liu XY, Ran JX, Wang Y, Ren J, Aisha M, et al. Analysis of prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among Uygur adults in Tushala and Hetian Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. Cardiovasc Toxical 2008 May; 8 (2): 87-91.


28. Yin R, Chen Y, Pan S, He F, Liu T, Yang D, et al. Comparison of lipid levels, hyperlipidemia prevalence and its risk factors between Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han Populations. Arch Med Res 2006 Aug; 37 (6): 787-93.


29. Ames RP. Hyperlipidemia in hypertension: Causes and prevention. Am Heart J 1991 Oct; 122 (4 pt 2): 1219-24.


30. Brown CD, Higgins M, Donato KA, Rohde FC, Garrison R, Obarzanek E, et al. Body mass index and the prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia. Obes Res 2000 Dec; 8 (9): 605-19.


31. Connelly PW, petrasovits A, Stachenko S, Maclean DR, Little JA, Chockalingam A. Prevalence of high plasma  triglyceride combined with low HDL-C levels and its association with smoking, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, seelentariness and LDL-C levels in the Canadian population Canadian Heart Health surveys Research Group. Con J Cardiol 1999 Apr; 15 (4): 428-33.


32. Simons LA, Simons J, JonesAS. The interactions of body weight, age, cigarette smoking and hormone usage with blood pressure and plasma lipids in an Australian commnity. Aust N Z J Med 1984 Jun; 14 (3): 215-21.


33. Assmann G, Schulte H. The prospective cardiovascular Munster (PROCAM) study: Pevalence of hyperlipidemia in persons with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus and the relationship to coronary heart disease. Am Heart J  1988 Dec; 116 (6 pt 2): 1713-24.


34. Marti B, Dai S, Rickenbach M, Wietlisbach V, Bucher C, Barazzoni F, et al. Total cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol and blood pressure in relation  to life style: results of the first population screening of the Swiss MONIKA project. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1900 Dec; 120 (51-52): 1976-88.


35. Yin RX, Pan SL, Lin WX, He FP, Yang DZ, Chen YM, et al. Survey on blood pressure and serum lipids in Hei Yi Zhuang chinese living in Guangxi. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2005 Aug; 33 (8): 754-8.


36. Sheikh MA, Jamal S, Khurshid R, Amer L. Role of dyslipidemia in old age of both sexes. Rawal Med J 2005 Jan-June; 30: 473-80.