The effect of lead and copper on some physiological traits in plant species of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus (

Subject Areas : New Finding in Agriculture

Mahtab  Beladi ¹ (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد کرج، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان، کرج، ایران)
Ali  Kashani ² (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد کرج ، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، کرج، ایران)
Davoud  Habibi ³ (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد کرج ، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، کرج ، ایران.)
Farzad  Pak nezhad ⁴ (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد کرج ، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، کرج ، ایران.)
Mahya  Golshan ⁵ (فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج)

Received: 2015-12-01 Accepted : 2015-12-01 Published : 2010-10-23

Keywords: superoxide dismutase, grass pea, malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid membrane, relative water condition,

Abstract :

Some plant species are tolerant to environmental adverse conditions so that with their functional mechanisms prevent more production of free radicals of oxygen or counter with produced free radicals of oxygen. This study was done to investigate the effect of lead and copper on Lathyrus sativus in contaminated soils with these elements. To evaluate and recognize the study species ability against heavy metals lead and copper an experiment was carried out on Lathyrus sativus cultivar Zanjan in 2009. The experiment was carried out factorially as randomized complete design with four levels of lead Pb (NO3)2 (0, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) and four levels of copper Cu (So4)2 (0, 150, 300, 450 mg/kg) were used.Although the results suggested the decrease in total chlorophyll content and lipid membrane under the toxicity of lead and copper, the more activity of the enzyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD) along with the increase in the levels of lead and copper in thid species prevented the more production of free radicals of oxygen in the study species, so that a negative coloration was observed between chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll and the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Also the coloration between Malondialdehyde (MDA) which is a means for measuring the lipid per oxidation process, and the enzyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was positive that means the increase in this biomarker content which is a sign of more production of oxygen for lipid membrane destruction, was accomplished with the more activity of enzyme Superoxide dismutase (SOD) for more digestion and elimination of destructive oxygen. Also the water condition in leaf tissues (RWC) was not effective by these elements.       

References:

 

1- Ali, B. M., Vajpayee, P., Tripathi, R. D., Rai, U. N., Singht, S. N. and Singhgh, S. P. 2003. Phytoremediation of lead, nickel, and copper by salix acmophylla boiss. : Role of Antioxidant Enzymes and Antixidant substances. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 70: 462-469.

2- Arnon, D. I. 1949. Copper enzyme in isolated chloroplast, polyphenol oxidase in betavulgaris. Plant physiology, 24: 1-15.

3- Brunet, J., Repellin, A., Varrault, G., Terrync, N. and Zuily-fodil, Y. 2008. Leadaccumulation in the roots of grass pea (lathyrus sativusl): a novel plant for phytoremediation systems?. C.R Biologies, 331, 859-864.

4-  Davey, M. W., Stals, E., Panis, B., Keulemans, J. and Swennen, R. L. 2005. High Throughput determination of mabndialdehyde in plant tissues. Analytical Biochemistry 347: 201-207.

5- Estrella-Gomez, N., Mendoza–Cozatl, D., Moreno–Sanchez, R., Gonzalez–Mendoza, D., Zapata–Perez, O., Martinez–Hernandez, A. and Santamaria, J. M. 2009. The pb-hyperaccumulator aquatic fern salvinia minima baker, responds to pb 2+ by increasing phytochelatins via changes in smpcs expression and in phytochelatin synthase activity.  Aquatic Toxicology, 91, 320-328.

6- Gaetke, L. M. and Chow, C. K. 2003. Copper toxicity oxidative stress and antioxidant nutrients. Toxicology, 189: 197-163.

7- Garnczarska, M. and Ratajczak, L. 2000. Metabolic responses of lemna minor to lead ions, II. Induction of antioxidant enzymes in roots. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 22: 429-432.

8- Groppa,. M. D., Tomaro, M. L. and Benarides, M. P. 2007. Polyamines and heavy metal stress: the antioxidant behavior of spermine in cadmium – and copper – treated wheat leaves. Biometals, 20: 185-195.

9- Khatun, S., Babar Ali, M., Hahn, E. J. and Paek, K. Y. 2008. Copper toxicity in Withania somnifera : Growth and antioxidant enzymes responses of in vitro grown plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 64: 279-285.

10- Kupper, H., Kiipper, F. and Spiller,  M. 1996. Environmental relevance of heavy metal-substituted chlorophylls using the example of water plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 47, 259-266.

11- Levitt, J. 1980. Response of Plants to Environmental Stresses, Vol. 2, Water, Radiation, Salt and Other Stresses, Academic Press, New York, 650p.

12- Lin, C., Liu, J., Liu, L., Zhu, T., Sheng, L.and Wang, D. 2009. Soil amendment application frequency contributes to phytoextraction of lead by sunflower at different nutrient levels. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 65, 410-416.

13- Luis, A. D. R., Lyon, D. S., olah, I., Glick, B. and Salin, M. 1983. Immunocytochemical evidence for a peroxisomal localization of manganese superoxide dismutase in leaf protoplasts from a higher plant. Planta , 158: 216-224.

14- Misra, H. p. and Fridovich, I. 1972. The generation of superoxide radical during auto oxidation. J. Biol. Chem. 247, 6960-6966.

15- Morgan, J. M. 1988. The use of coleoptile responses to osmoregulation; growth and yield. Annals of Botany 62, 193-8.

16- Navari-Izzo, F., Quartacci, M. F., Pinzino, O., Vecchia, F. D. and Sgherii, C. L. M. 1998. Thilakoid-bound and stromal antioxidative enzymes in wheat treated with exess copper. Plant physiology. 104: 630-638.

17- Prasad, M. N. V., Malec, P. and Waloszek, A. 2001. Physical responses of Lemma Trisulca L. to cadmium and copper bioaccumulation. Plant Sci. 161, 881-889.

18- Sharma.,  P. and Dubey, R. S. 2005. Lead Toxicity in plants. Plant physiol., 17, 35-52.

19- Sharma, S. S., Kaul, S., metwally, A., Goyal, K. C., Finkemeier, I. and Dietz, K. J. 2004. Cadmium toxicity to barley (Hordeum vulgar) as affected by varying Fe nutritional status. Plant science, 166: 1287-1295.

20- Steven, H. and Sidney, M. H. 1987.Lipid peroxidase in samples as measured by liquid chromatography. Separeathion or malondialdehyde tiobarbituric acid. Elin. Chem. 32: 214-220.

21- Sudhakar,  C.,  Syamalabai,  L. and  Veeranjaneyulu  K. 1992. Lead  tolerance  of  certain  legume  species  grown  on  lead  ore  tailings.  Agriculture,  ecosystems  and  environment,  41,  253-261.

22- Wainwright, S. G. and Woolhouse, H.W. 1976. Physiological mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance. In: M.J. Chadwick and G. T. Goodman (Editors), The Ecology of Resource Degradation and Renewal. Blackwell