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Open Access Article
1 - بررسی اثر روی بر پلاکهای آترواسکلروز آئورت در موش صحرایی نر
پریچهر یغمایی کاظم پریور بهاره محمدی نوین -
Open Access Article
2 - مقایسه اثر کاپتوپریل و اومپرازول بر زخم دئودنوم ناشی از سیستئامین در موش صحرایی
فیروزه سقایی مرتضی ثمینی ایرج کریمی عابد کوهپایه -
Open Access Article
3 - Effects of Long-term administration of sildenafil citrate on serum markers of cardiac injury in the rats
Zarini, E., Amouoghli Tabrizi, B. *, Fartashvand, M., Sadeghy, R. .Nowadays, sexual impotence due to increased heart disease, has led to rising in consumption ofsexual enhancing drugs. In heart failure, due to decreased blood supply to corpus cavernosum,complete erection does not occur, which can lead to sexual dissatisfaction. One of MoreNowadays, sexual impotence due to increased heart disease, has led to rising in consumption ofsexual enhancing drugs. In heart failure, due to decreased blood supply to corpus cavernosum,complete erection does not occur, which can lead to sexual dissatisfaction. One of the mostimportant drugs which are used to treat this disorder is sildenafil citrate, a selective inhibitor oftype 5 cGMP. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term side effects of this drugon serum biomarkers of cardiac injury in the rat. In this study, 20 male Wistar rats wererandomly assigned into 2 groups including: control and treatment. In treatment group, sildenafilcitrate use at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 30 consecutive days in oral rout and control group onlyreceived Distilled water. At the end of experiment, the serum levels of cardiac troponin I,creatine kinase- MB, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase were measured. Theresults obtained showed that sildenafil citrate has protective effects on cardiac enzymes whichmay be in association with releasing of nitric oxide (NO). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Antidiabetic effect of ethanolic extract of Salvia syriaca aerial parts in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Eidi, A. * .Many plants of genus Salvia are used for food products and medicine. The present study wasdesigned to examine the antidiabetic effect of Salvia syriaca ethanolic extract in normal andstreptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes in rats was induced with a single inject MoreMany plants of genus Salvia are used for food products and medicine. The present study wasdesigned to examine the antidiabetic effect of Salvia syriaca ethanolic extract in normal andstreptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes in rats was induced with a single injection ofstreptozotocin (70 mg/kg body weight) by intraperitoneal route. Salvia syriaca ethanolic extract(50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight) were administrated orally for 30 days. After 30 days, ratswere anesthetized and blood samples were collected. Serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides, totalcholesterol, urea, uric acid, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanineaminotransferase (ALT) levels in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats wereevaluated. Oral administration of Salvia syriaca ethanoic extract for 30 days exhibited asignificant reduction in serum glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, urea, uric acid, creatinine,AST, ALT and increased plasma insulin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Theadministration of extract did not change these serum parameters in normal rats. It is concludedthat Salvia syriaca has antidiabetic effect in rats and the plant should be considered as anexcellent candidate for future studies on diabetes mellitus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Histopathologic study of pancreas in streptozotocin –induced diabetic rats treated with ethanolic extract of Portulaca oleracea (Purslane)
Mortazavi. P.*, Aghaey Meybodi, M., Poosty, I., Hoseiny, S. .Diabetes mellitus is a constellation of metabolic disorders that increase blood glucose andfactors such as genetics, environmental factors, life-style habits that are involved in creating.In this study, to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of purslane on diabetic MoreDiabetes mellitus is a constellation of metabolic disorders that increase blood glucose andfactors such as genetics, environmental factors, life-style habits that are involved in creating.In this study, to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of purslane on diabetic rats, 36 adultmale Wistar rats were used in six groups, respectively, including healthy controls, diabetic withstreptozotocin, diabetic with streptozotocin and treated with Purslane extract (200 mg/kg) for 4weeks (T1), diabetic with streptozotocin and treated with Purslane extract (400 mg/kg) for 4weeks (T2), treatment with Purslane extract (200 mg/kg) for 4 weeks thereafter induction ofdiabetes with streptozotocin (T3), treatment with Purslane extract (400 mg/kg) for 4 weeks andthen inducing diabetes with streptozotocin (T4). Blood glucose was measured at the end of eachweek. At the end of experiment, all rats were euthanized, and pancreas tissue samples wereplaced in 10% buffered formalin and referred to pathology laboratory for histopathology slidespreparation.Histopathological findings demonstrated islet cell necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration indiabetic rats. Purslane extract-treated groups showed significant reduction in the severity of theinjuries. This reduction was greater in T3 and T4 groups compared to others. The resultsobtained showed anti-diabetic activities of purslane extract which is probably related to itsantioxidant properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluation of antifungal activity of topical Rosmarinus efficinalis essential oil on infected cutaneous wound with Candida albicans in rats: Histopathological study
Nejati, H., Farahpour, M.R.*, Neiriz Naghadehi, M. .Today, due to side effects and development of drug resistance to Azol drugs and its derivatives,which used for treatment of Candida infections in either topical or oral forms, led to the use ofbiological materials. One of medicinal herb have been used more frequently, t MoreToday, due to side effects and development of drug resistance to Azol drugs and its derivatives,which used for treatment of Candida infections in either topical or oral forms, led to the use ofbiological materials. One of medicinal herb have been used more frequently, the past to thepresent, is Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). In this study on 45 male Wistar-albino rats(weight 210±10 g), after general anesthesia, and a wound square with dimensions 1/5 in the 1/5cm area between the shoulder, immediately was applied to the wound 0.1 ml of the suspensioncontaining 1/5×107 CFU Candida albicans yeast. Then tested in three groups of 15 rats each(control, topical ointment containing 1.5% and 3% Rosmarinus officinalis oil) were randomlydistributed into 5 subgroups of 3 rats each (sample groups on different days) groups. End ofdays 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th and 20th from wounds of different groups, in order to histopathology andyeast counts by a special punch biopsy specimen. Investigation showed that the use of topical1.5 and 3 percent of Rosmarinus essential oil compared with the control group cause thedecreased substantially in infection rates and increased volume production of collagen and islined. According to the finding results, wound healing is better at 3% Rosmarinus officinalisessential oil ointment treated group, compared to lower treatment dose and control groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The evaluation of sodium molybdate effect on liver fibrosis in a rat model of bile duct ligation
مهسا Ale Ebrahim, اکرم Eidi, . P. Mortazavi, S.M Tavangar, داریوش Minai Tehrani,The accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids in bile duct ligation (BDL) animal model, plays apivotal role in the induction of hepatic fibrosis. Cholestatic liver fibrosis, characterized byexcessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, is associated with b MoreThe accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids in bile duct ligation (BDL) animal model, plays apivotal role in the induction of hepatic fibrosis. Cholestatic liver fibrosis, characterized byexcessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, is associated with bile acidinducedoxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Molybdenum is an essential trace element whichacts as a cofactor in many detoxification system enzymes. The results of our previous studysuggested that sodium molybdate could be used as a hepatoprotective agent against toxicitycaused by carbon tetrachloride in rats .The aim of the present study was to evaluate thetherapeutic or the anti-hepatofibrotic effects of sodium molybdate in a bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced cholestatic fibrosis model in rats .After BDL, rats were given sodium molybdate (0.05or 0.1 or 0.2 g/kg) or urosodeoxycholic acid (UDCA, 25 mg/kg) orally for 45 consecutive days(once per day). BDL markedly induced the accumulation of collagen, as well as infiltration ofinflammatory cells, hepatocyte necrosis and bile duct hyperplasia, as determined by Masson’strichrome staining. These alterations were significantly attenuated by sodium molybsdateadministration (0.1 and 0.2 g/kg). Simultaneously treatment of sodium molybdate may inhibitthe liver fibrosis in a BDL model of cholestatic rats. Our data suggest that sodium molybdatemay exert its antifibrotic effects via inhibition of ECM proteins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Protective effects of black Iranian tea on cadmium- induced hepatotoxicity in rats
M.R Mohammadi Malayeri, سعید Hesaraki, پیام Jamal livani,Useful effects of black tea in treatment of many diseases have been shown . the protectiveeffects of tea are possibly related to its antioxidant properties or its inhibition of lipidoxidation. The aim of the present study was to investigate hepatoprotective effects of b MoreUseful effects of black tea in treatment of many diseases have been shown . the protectiveeffects of tea are possibly related to its antioxidant properties or its inhibition of lipidoxidation. The aim of the present study was to investigate hepatoprotective effects of blackIranian tea on cadmium(cd)-induced hepatotoxicity .For this purpose 30 male wistar rats wererandomly divided to six study groups including 1-negative control, 2-treatment control (received10% black tea brewed drink (BTBD)),3-positive control which received cd(5 mg/kg bodyweight (bw.)/day) and 4 to 6-treatment groups in which BTBD was administered orally (2,5 and10%) with oral cd(5mg/kg bw./day). The rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks and blood sampleswere collected to assess liver biomarkers. liver samples were fixed in buffered formalin solution. They were then conventionally embedded in paraffin and stained with Hematoxilin - Eosin forpathology studies as well. In positive control group, activities of alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) significantly increased in comparewith negative control group. Granular degeneration, chromatin and nucleus concentration andnecrosis were evidenced in pathological study of the liver sections of this group. On the otherhand, 5 and 10% BTBD administration significantly prevented ALT,AST and ALP increasingactivity. Pathological study confirmed the latter serological results. Whereas, 2% BTBDadministration didn't have any significant protection. in conclusion, our results suggest that dailyblack tea drinking may prevent cd-induced hepatic lesions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Role of Adenosine A2A receptors on 6-Hydroxydopmaine-induced catalepsy in rats
S. Reyhani-Rad, J. Mahmoudi,Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in ageingindividuals. This movement disorder caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons from thesubstantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Caffeine consumption has been proposed to be a MoreParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in ageingindividuals. This movement disorder caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons from thesubstantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Caffeine consumption has been proposed to be associatedwith a reduced risk of Parkinson’s disease and caffeine in rodent models has protective effects.We have shown that caffeine and SCH58261 as A2A receptor antagonists improve motordysfunctions induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (animal model of Parkinson’s disease) in rats. Thepresent study extends these findings by investigating the role of A2A receptors on motor disorderinduced by unilateral infusion of 6-OH-dopamine into the substantia nigra, compact part (SNc)in rat. The experimental study was carried out on 72 male Wistar rats weighing between 180-200 g. Animals were divided into the groups contain 8 rats per group and were kept in standardcondition. 6-OHDA-induced catalepsy was assessed by using bar test. Caffeine (30 mg/kg i.p.)attenuated catalepsy on bar test in parkinsonian rats (P<0.001), whereas with dose of 10 mg/kgdid not produce significant effect (P>0.05). SCH58261 (2 mg/kg i.p) significantly improvedcatalepsy in bar test (P<0.001) in parkinsonian rat. These findings suggest that A2A receptors areinvolved in 6-OHDA-induced motor deficit like catalepsy. It seems that attenuating of catalepsymay caused by inhibition of A2A receptors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Long-term effects of green tea extract on the damage caused by Doxorubicin in rat bone marrow
M. Moosavi, P. Mortazavi, N. Atyabi, M.A Porkabireh,One of the most well known anti-cancer drug is Doxorubicin. However, green tea has manyantioxidant properties. In this study, the long-term effects of green tea on bone marrow lesionscaused by Doxorubicin in rats were studied. 30 adult male Wistar rats were randomly div MoreOne of the most well known anti-cancer drug is Doxorubicin. However, green tea has manyantioxidant properties. In this study, the long-term effects of green tea on bone marrow lesionscaused by Doxorubicin in rats were studied. 30 adult male Wistar rats were randomly dividedinto 6 groups. Control, LGT (long-term use of 3% green tea extract for 60 days), SHGT (shorttermuse of 3% green tea extract for 10 days), LGT + DXR (long-term use of 3% green teaextract for 60 days with injections IP doxorubicin for 3 days), SHGT + DXR (short-term use of3% green tea extract for 10 days in combination with doxorubicin (IP) injection for 3 days),DXR (doxorubicin injection for 3 days). 24 hours after the last injection of DXR, rats euthanizedand tissue samples were taken for histopathology of the femur. The enzymes catalase andsuperoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. The histopathology results show that the DXRinduced severe bone marrow suppression that myeloid cells was more involved. SHGT + DXRgroup was similar to DXR, but the cell density was similar to control group. The LGT + DXRcell density was very similar to the control group. There was a small amount of myeloid celldestruction. Measurement of catalase and SOD indicates a significant difference betweentreatment and control groups. Results show that Doxorubicin may cause damage in rat bonemarrow, but long-term use of green tea can reduce the damage caused by doxorubicin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Antispasmodic effect of Ephedra major extract on adrenergic and calcium channels receptors in the rat uterus
K. Yektaparast Movafegh, N. Panahi, G. Sadeghi Hashjin,Tendency to utilize Ephedra containing products is increasing due to their favorable propertiessuch as energetic, fat burner, decongestant etc. Due to the presence of uterus agonism α and βadrenergic compound and lack of systematic research on this issue, we MoreTendency to utilize Ephedra containing products is increasing due to their favorable propertiessuch as energetic, fat burner, decongestant etc. Due to the presence of uterus agonism α and βadrenergic compound and lack of systematic research on this issue, we conducted to determineeffects of the hydroethanolic extract of Ephedra major (E. Major) host on uterus. Isolated uterusfrom Wistar rat (BW 220±30 g) were tested in the organ bath. Rats were anesthetized and theuterus was isolated and placed in De Jalon solution with bubbled 95 percent O2 and 5 percentCO2. Then, it was cut into segment of 1.5-2 cm and mounted in 25 ml chambers of organ bath.E. Major extract had a relaxation effect on rat uterus. According to the results, the cumulativeconcentration of E. Major (0.00625 - 3 mg/ml) relaxed the KCl (60Mm) - and oxytocin (0.25Mm) - induced contraction dose-dependently (P≤0.05). The inhibitory effect of extract oncontraction induced by KCl was unaffected by phenoxybenzamine (0.001 Mm). But verapamil(0.001 Mm) and propranolol (0.001 Mm) inhibited the relaxant effect (P≤0.05). The inhibitoryeffect of extract on contraction induced by oxytocin had synergism effect by verapamil(P≤0.05). These findings revealed that β-adrenergic receptors and presumably other channelssuch as Ca2+ channels involves in inhibitory effect of E. Major extract. The results support thepossible beneficiary effects of this plant in traditional medicine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of peel of Punica granatum L. on growth of Candida albicans in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
M. Sadeghpour, M. Eidi, F. Noorbakhsh,Nowadays, especially opportunistic fungi such as Candida albicans are the most common riskfactors in patients who are immunocompromised. Fungal infections caused by Candida speciesand increasing strains resistant to azole drugs in Immunosuppression patients are importan MoreNowadays, especially opportunistic fungi such as Candida albicans are the most common riskfactors in patients who are immunocompromised. Fungal infections caused by Candida speciesand increasing strains resistant to azole drugs in Immunosuppression patients are important toenjoy. The toxicity of drugs used, the resistance of the fungus and problems from druginteractions, necessitates the use of more effective and less toxic drugs cause the screw.Pomegranate consumption except for nutrition is impressive for medicinal and therapeuticeffects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pomegranate peel extract at dosesconcentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg on growth of C. albicans (ATCC 10231) inalloxan-induced diabetic rat. The animals were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection ofalloxan (150 mg/kg). After diabetes induction, they were infected by Candida albicans, orally.Then, treatments of extract and Itraconazole were done orally. Sampling of fungus from month,culturing and colony counting were done daily for evaluating effects of extract and Itraconazoleon fungal growth. The results showed that oral treatment of hydro-alcoholic peel extractimproved Candida albicans infections in diabetic rats. Its potency is similar to Itraconazole, assynthetic drug. On the second day of treatment, significant effect of extract on growth C.albicans was shown (P<0.001). Comparison between effects of pomegranate extract andItraconazole on C. albicans was significant. The results suggest antifungal effect extract ofpomegranate compared with the antifungal medication. As a result, consumption ofpomegranate extract inhibited the growth of Candida albicans in the diabetic rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Study on the protective effects of Quercetin on Methotrexate-induced small intestinal damage in the rat
D. Mohajeri, A. Monadi R. Kaffashi Elahi, M. Neshat Gharamaleki,Intestinal damage is one of the major toxic effects of methotrexate (MTX). The aim of this studywas to evaluate the protective effects of quercetin on MTX-induced small intestine damage inrats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four equal groups. MoreIntestinal damage is one of the major toxic effects of methotrexate (MTX). The aim of this studywas to evaluate the protective effects of quercetin on MTX-induced small intestine damage inrats. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four equal groups. The first groupwas the control. The second group, only quercetin (15 mg/kg) was administeredintraperitoneally for 15 consecutive days. The third group, MTX was applied as a single dose(20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally at fifteenth day. The fourth group, quercetin was givenintraperitoneally in addition to MTX application until the rats were killed. All animals weresacrificed 4 days after the MTX injection for histopathological examination and the assay forserum total antioxidant activity (TAA), tissue reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) andglutathione reductase (GR) levels. Microscopically, jejunal tissues of the MTX treated groupshowed severe villus shortening and blunting, inflammatory cell infiltration and hemorrhage inlamina propria, as well as epithelial cell necrosis, however, administration of quercetinalleviated the jejunal damage. Levels of TAA, GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx and GR decreased in theMTX received group, but increased significantly (P=0.00) in the quercetin+MTX groups.Quercetin significantly (P=0.00) decreased MDA levels which was increased by MTXtreatment. The results showed that quercetin due to its antioxidant properties may protect thesmall intestine of rats from MTX-induced damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Antispasmodic effect of Ephedra major extract on adrenergic and calcium channels receptors in the rat jejunum
F. Mehrzad-Gilmalec, N. Panahi, G. Sadeghi- Hashjin,Tendency to utilize Ephedra containing products is increasing due to their favorable propertiessuch as weight loos, antibacterial, antisensetive etc. Due to the presence of gastro-intestinalsystem agonism α and β adrenergic compound and lack of systematic res MoreTendency to utilize Ephedra containing products is increasing due to their favorable propertiessuch as weight loos, antibacterial, antisensetive etc. Due to the presence of gastro-intestinalsystem agonism α and β adrenergic compound and lack of systematic research on this issue, weconducted to determine effects of the hydroethanolic extract of Ephedra major (E. Major) hoston jejunum. Isolated jejunum from male Wistar rat were tested in the organ bath. Rats wereanesthetized and the jejunum was isolated and placed in Krebs solution. Then, it was cut intosegment of 1.5-2 cm and mounted in 25 ml chambers of organ bath. E. Major extract had arelaxation effect on rat jejunum. According to the results, the cumulative concentration of E.Major (0.00625 - 3 mg/ml) relaxed the KCl (80 Mm) - and acetylcholine (0.1 Mm) - inducedcontraction dose-dependently (P≤0.05). The inhibitory effect of extract on contraction inducedby KCl was unaffected by phenoxybenzamine (0.001 Mm). But verapamil (0.001 Mm) andpropranolol (0.001 Mm) inhibited the relaxant effect (P≤0.05). The inhibitory effect of extracton contraction induced by acetylcholine had synergism effect by verapamil, phenoxybenzamineand propranolol (P≤0.05). These findings revealed that β-adrenergic receptors and presumablyother channels such as Ca2+ channels involves in inhibitory effect of E. Major extract. Theresults support the possible beneficiary effects of this plant in traditional medicine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Experimental study on protective effects of Crocin on nephropathy induced by complete unilateral ureteral obstruction in the rats
رامین کفاشی‌الهی، داریوش مهاجری .Any obstruction to urinary flow leads to obstructive nephropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the renoprotective effects of Crocin following unilateral ureteral obstruction in the rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 5 equal groups. Groups MoreAny obstruction to urinary flow leads to obstructive nephropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the renoprotective effects of Crocin following unilateral ureteral obstruction in the rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 5 equal groups. Groups 1 and 2 were considered as control and sham operated rats, respectively. In group 3 left ureter was obstructed surgically and in group 4 following the left ureteral obstruction, Crocin was gavaged at 50 mg/kg for 15 days. Finally, blood samples were collected for measurement of serum urea, acid uric and creatinine. Malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione contents for assessment of renal free radical activity; and enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase as indicators of antioxidation, were measured in kidney homogenates. Histopathology of left kidney was conducted for verification of biochemical findings. Significant differences among the groups were determined by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey post-test. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Unilateral ureteral obstruction caused significant increase of serum urea, uric acid and creatinine levels and renal content of malondialdehyde; as well as significant reduction of renal antioxidants and reduced glutathione contents. Crocin-treatment significantly reduced elevated markers of renal injury in serum and kidney malondialdehyde; a well as brought back the declined kidney antioxidants and reduced glutathione towards normal. Histopathology of kidney confirmed the changes induced by ureteral obstruction and the renoprotective effect of Crocin. Crocin exerts protective effects in unilateral ureteral obstruction possibly through its antioxidant properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Serological evaluation of effect of magnesium sulfate on renal function after kidney I/R in rat
Asghari, A., Jamshidi, N., Neshat, M., Mortazavi, P. .Ischemia reperfusion is a Cellular damage that occurs on return of blood to the ischemic tissue. In this study the preventive effects of magnesium sulfate on complications induced by ischemia reperfusion was investigated. In this study, 25 male Wistar rats were us MoreIschemia reperfusion is a Cellular damage that occurs on return of blood to the ischemic tissue. In this study the preventive effects of magnesium sulfate on complications induced by ischemia reperfusion was investigated. In this study, 25 male Wistar rats were used randomly divided into 5 groups of 5.The Sham group: The group has not received any medication and after only a week, blood sample was collected. The Control group (IR): The group has not received any medication before ischemia reperfusion. After a week the abdominal cavity was opened and a renal vessel were closed with non-traumatic forceps and after 45 min were released, then 8 hours later blood sample was collected. The third group (25mg/kg): This­ group was administrated orally with magnesium sulfate (25 mg/kg) for a week and after a week the abdominal cavity was opened, and renal vessels were closed with non-traumatic forceps and after 45 min were released then 8 hours later blood sample was collected. The forth group (50mg/kg): The group was administrated orally with magnesium sulfate(50mg/kg) for a week, and after a week the abdominal cavity was opened, and renal vessels were closed with non-traumatic forceps and after 45 min were released, then 8 hours later, blood sample was collected. The fifth group (100mg/kg): The group was administrated orally with magnesium sulfate (100mg/kg) for a week, and the abdominal cavity was opened after a week, and renal vessels were closed with non-traumatic forceps and after 45 min were released, then 8 hours later, blood sample was collected. At day zero (before drug administration) and after the end of ischemia-reperfusion and 8 hours later, blood samples were collected and serum creatinine and BUN levels were examined. Data was analyzed statistically (P<0.05). The result of this study shows that serum BUN and creatinine levels, in pretreated groups with Magnesium sulfate in contrast with untreated groups are lower. Consequently Magnesium sulfate could prevent ischemia-reperfusion induced injury to the kidney. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Comparative study on geometric and histopathologic effects of polar, semi polar and non-polar fractions Artemisia absinthium extract in rat
Rezaei, A., Mohajeri, D., Ahmadizadeh, Ch., Jalilzadeh, M. .Recovery of Scars is a treatment challenge in some diseases and chronic disorders. For this reason, new compounds are used for rapid recovery of Scars and conglutination. It is expected that Artemisia absinthium as a galenical and herbal drug, has rapid recovery effects MoreRecovery of Scars is a treatment challenge in some diseases and chronic disorders. For this reason, new compounds are used for rapid recovery of Scars and conglutination. It is expected that Artemisia absinthium as a galenical and herbal drug, has rapid recovery effects in scars and sores because has anti- inflammation effects, activation of fibroblast cells and also antihyaluronidase effects cause the rapid recovery of sores. In this study, effects of Artemisia absinthium on recovery of sores as polar, semi polar and non-polar extractions of it are investigated on the rat as a second recovery. After anesthesia, with use of biopsy punch, Created circular sores with full thickness on the 70 female rats and recovery process were investigated in 5 groups. Drug administration and sores measures performed with analyzing of digital Scans, once a day for 21 days. For microscopic observations, gathered Samplings form this tissue in the 0, 3, 7, 14, 21 days, and microscopic symbols are ranged as edema factors and swelling reactions, hyperemia and bleeding, fibroblast, of Coverage tissue, torsion of sores and maturation of granular tissue. After histopathology and Calculation of recovery of sores scale for each drug, the finding results analyzed with SPSS software 17 versions. On the basis of geometric findings of recovery period, observed that semi polar extract of Artemisia absinthium has maximum Contraction of sores and control group has the least contraction of sores. Also, based on the histopathology results, total recovery in this group is better than other groups. In the second and third week. Recovered tissue has better organization than the other groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Study of effect of olive oil on re-epithelialization of epithelial tissue in excision wound healing model in rats
Abooei Mehrizi, M., Eidi A., Mortazavi, P. .Olive oil has been used for medical purposes. It has beneficial effects on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The objective of this study was to find out the efficacy of topical administration of olive oil on dermal wound healin MoreOlive oil has been used for medical purposes. It has beneficial effects on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The objective of this study was to find out the efficacy of topical administration of olive oil on dermal wound healing in rats. After creating full-thickness skin wounds on the back of 60 male Wistar rats, rats randomly divided into six groups, as control, sham, treatment and standard. Control group was intact. Sham group received eucerin as vehicle. Treated group received the olive oil at doses 2, 5 and 10%, dissolved in eucerin. Standard group were treated with phenytoin ointment 1%. Wound healing rats were calculated on days 3, 7, 11, 14, 18 and 21 post-wounding and the wound tissues were harvested at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days for histological studies. All of rats were sacrificed, and the skin around incision area was dissected and stained by Masson’s trichrome methods for tissue analysis. The results indicated a significant decrease in the diameter of wound in the treated and standard groups comparing to the control groups. A significant increase in the rate of re-epithelialization was observed at 14 days in the treated and standard groups compared to the control group. The results demonstrate that olive oil significantly accelerates cutaneous wound healing and its effect may be due to the increased re-epithelialization. It was concluded that it can be considered as a therapeutic agent for wound healing Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Histopathological evaluation of cyclosporin gel on full thickness skin transplantation (Allograft) in the rat
Mofidi, A., Jahandideh, A., Hesaraki, S. .Nowadays, it is used to skin graft in spread. Cyclosporine is one of the most use and effective immunosuppressive drugs that it has side effect and toxicities on CNS, kidney and liver. In this research is tried to investigation of 0.5% cyclosporine gel effectiveness on MoreNowadays, it is used to skin graft in spread. Cyclosporine is one of the most use and effective immunosuppressive drugs that it has side effect and toxicities on CNS, kidney and liver. In this research is tried to investigation of 0.5% cyclosporine gel effectiveness on allograft full thickness skin rejection in rat. In this experimental study is used to 45 wistar male adult rats as allograft recipient and 15 spiral hole (SD) male adult rats as allograft donor with age range between 14 to 15 week and mean weight: 200±10 gr. After general anesthesia, circles with 1.5 cm diameter containing epidermal and dermal layers had separated from SD donor rats with scalpel cutting and then these parts were grafted to shoulder center (midline) of wistar recipient rats. After transplantation, rats randomly divided to 3 groups with 15 rat (3groups of 5 each) (control, test and 0.5% cyclosporine gel) and then each of them was divided to 3 group with 5 rat (sampling groups in days: 3, 7 and 15). Any treatment is applied in control group. 10 mg/kg IP cyclosporine injected to test group, and in third group, 0.5% cyclosporine gel was applied in the graft place, daily. Then on days: 3, 7 and 15 after graft, it was done sampling from the graft location and applied histopathological studies on it. Then, Statistics data analyzed using kruskal wallis test with SPSS software. Investigations confirmed that cyclosporine gel using caused to significant reduce of vasculitis, folliculitis, dermatitis and dermal degeneration on 3 and 7 days after graft in comparison to control group (P<0.05) and single use of cyclosporine gel on day 15 after graft did not cause to skin graft rejection. By attention to this test challenges, cyclosporine gel has significant effects on Acceptance of skin grafts, but its single use did not cause to skin graft rejection. To more effect on skin graft acceptance can use to cyclosporine gel in combination with other immunosuppressive drugs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Preventive effects of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) extract on hepatic steatosis in the rats fed with high fat diet
Alipour Barzegar, S., Amouoghli Tabrizi, B. .The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effects of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) extract on fatty liver disease induced by high fat diet in the rats. For this purpose, 80 male Wistar rats were randomly divided to 4 equal groups including: 1-Healthy control, 2-Fe MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effects of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) extract on fatty liver disease induced by high fat diet in the rats. For this purpose, 80 male Wistar rats were randomly divided to 4 equal groups including: 1-Healthy control, 2-Feeding with high fat diet, 3-Feeding with high fat diet plus Clofibrate (320 mg/kg) treatment and 4- Feeding with high fat diet and treated with Jujube extract (200 mg/kg). Steatosis created by high fat emulsion (10 ml/kg). Different experimental groups compared considering serum biomarkers of liver tissue injury, hepatic antioxidant activity and liver histopathological changes. In the rats fed with high-fat diet, serum levels of hepatocellular enzymes significantly (P<0.01) reduced and liver antioxidants activities significantly (P<0.01) increased compared to control group. In extract treatment group, elevated markers of liver tissue injury and Malondialdehyde significantly reduced and declined serum albumin and protein significantly (P<0.01) increased. Also, in this group, Jujube treatment significantly (P<0.01) improved the activities of liver antioxidants and significantly (P<0.01) decreased liver Malondialdehyde levels. Histopathology of the liver confirmed the biochemical changes. The results showed Jujube extract exerts protective effects against hepatic steatosis in rats fed with high fat diet possibly through increasing of antioxidant activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Study of effect of Ginseng on testicular tissue after Orchidopexy operation in immature rat
Safavi, E., Mousavi, G. .Perturbation of testicular descension into the scrotum result in cryptorchidism. After surgical correction of cryptorchidism (Orchidopexy), recovery of damaged testicular tissue, were observed gradually. The aim of present study, was to histological evaluation on the ef MorePerturbation of testicular descension into the scrotum result in cryptorchidism. After surgical correction of cryptorchidism (Orchidopexy), recovery of damaged testicular tissue, were observed gradually. The aim of present study, was to histological evaluation on the effect of Ginseng against testis after Orchidopexy in rat. In this study, 40 male Wistar rats (90-120 gr and 28 days old) randomly were divided in to 4 groups of 10 animals each. In first groups, after Orchidopexy, saline normal used orally for 30 days. In second groups, after Orchidopexy, Ginseng (500mg/kg/day) used orally for 30 days. In third groups, as a sham, after incision, testes were replaced from scrotum to abdominal cavity then returned to scrotum and used saline normal orally for 30 days. In fourth groups, as a healthy control, no operated. At the end of the experimental periods, testicular tissue samples were obtained for morphologic and histomorphometerical studies. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey test and P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The effect of the different concentrations of aqueous extracts of Origanum vulgaris in subacute damage of oxidative stress caused by cadmium in kidney of rat
Raeeszadeh, M., Mortazavi, P., Khademi, N., Falah, M.M. .Due to kidney damage cadmium, this study was an attempt to investigate the protective effect of aqueous extracts of marjoram cadmium in kidney. 30 male Wistar rats divided into 5 equal groups randomly: control and treatment groups 1 to 4 (T1-T4), respectively. T1 group MoreDue to kidney damage cadmium, this study was an attempt to investigate the protective effect of aqueous extracts of marjoram cadmium in kidney. 30 male Wistar rats divided into 5 equal groups randomly: control and treatment groups 1 to 4 (T1-T4), respectively. T1 group was administrated at 2 mg/kg cadmium chloride intraperitoneal and T2, T3 and T4 groups in addition to cadmium aqueous extract of marjoram at a dose of 125, 250, 500 mg/kg, respectively. On the last day, the animals were weighed and blood samples for serum preparation were isolated. So that the animals were euthanized with overdose of thiopental. The right kidney was used to measure malondialdehyde and the left one was fixed in formalin-buffer 10% to pathologic studies. The results showed that the T1 group had the lowest average body weight. The different weight between the T1 group and control, 250 and 500 mg/kg of extract was significant. The MDA difference between T1 Group, T4, and control group was significant (P=0.041). The TCA concentration in T4 group was the highest of 1198.91 ± 51.45 and in T1 was the lowest average 796.41 ± 40.76 µmol/ml and the difference was significant (P=0.036). The pathological damage was graded with the degeneration of tubules of kidney, necrosis and accumulation of inflammatory cells. The high to low scoring damage was found in Group T1, T2, T3, C and T4 respectively. According to the findings, 500 mg/kg of O. vulgaris extract can prevent kidney damage caused by cadmium chloride in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Effect of regular aerobic exercise on cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rats
Doustar, Y. .Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the most important cardiovascular problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of short term and regular growing long term aerobic exercise on cardiac I/R injury in rats. For this purpose, forty male MoreIschemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the most important cardiovascular problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of short term and regular growing long term aerobic exercise on cardiac I/R injury in rats. For this purpose, forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups including: control, I/R, I/R with two weeks of aerobic exercise, and I/R with eight weeks of regular growing aerobic exercise groups. Aerobic exercise was performed 5 times per week on treadmill at speed of 10-25m/min for 10-30 minutes with the slope of 5 degrees. For inducting of I/R injury, left descending coronary artery was clamped for 30 minutes, thereafter blood flow was restored for 2 hours. Blood samples were collected for measurement of cardiac biomarkers, creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase. Finally, all animals were euthanized for histopathological examination and the assay for myocardial antioxidant status. Microscopically, myocardia of I/R group showed severe degenerative and necrotic changes. Short term aerobic exercise did not alter the tissue damage caused by I/R, while regular growing long term aerobic exercise alleviated myocardial necrotic changes. Regular growing long term aerobic exercise significantly (p<0.05) increased the cardiac levels of SOD, CAT and GPx, which were reduced due to I/R injury, as well as significantly (p<0.05) decreased MDA level. The results showed regular growing long term aerobic exercise protects the cardiac tissue of rats from I/R injury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The effect of folic acid on sperm parameters on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat
Fakouri, A., Asghari, A., Akbari, Gh. .Ischemia reperfusion definition is the return of blood to ischemia tissue. In this study, the effects of folic acid as a drug, on testicular function in adult rats were studied after induction ischemia/reperfusion.In this study, 36 male Wistar rats, the weight range bet MoreIschemia reperfusion definition is the return of blood to ischemia tissue. In this study, the effects of folic acid as a drug, on testicular function in adult rats were studied after induction ischemia/reperfusion.In this study, 36 male Wistar rats, the weight range between 250-300gr, were selected and divided into 6 equal groups randomly.The Control group: The Group has not received any medication and every day the same volume of distilled water were administered like other groups andafter a week the abdominal cavity was opened and the left testicle was removed.The Sham group: The group has not received any medication andevery day the same volume of distilled water were administered like other groups and after a week the abdominal cavity was openedand after removal of testicle from the scrotum and replacing, the abdominal cavity reclosed .I/Rgroup:The group has not received any medication until indication of ischemia/reperfusion and every day the same volume of distilled water were administered like other groups and after 1 week the abdominal cavity was opened, and left testicular vein and artery was constricted for 1 hour thus the experimental ischemia reperfusion was induced and after 24 hour, the abdomen was opened and the left testis along with the left epididymis was extracted. 4th,5th,6th group: these groups were administered orally with (2, 5 & 10 mg/kg) of folic acid for 1 week, the abdominal cavity was opened, and left testicular vein and artery was constricted for 1 hour thus the experimental ischemia reperfusion was induced and after 24 hours the abdomen was opened and the left testis along with the left epididymis was extracted. After the rats were euthanized the epididymis were removed and then by scissors were cut into small pieces to allow sperm comfortable out there and immediately placed in 5 ml HBSS environment and for 20 minutes on a hot plate was incubated at 37°C and then evaluate sperm parameters (sperm count and sperm vitality and motility) were performed.The data were statistically analyzed and statistics on the percentage of progressive motility, sperm viability and sperm concentration per unit volume of folic acid showed significant difference (p<0.05) compared to I/R group.Based on the results obtained, it seemsFolic acid can behave appropriate and acceptable effects to Prevention of Ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat testis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Histopathological study of the effect of pentoxifylline on experimental chronic non-bacterial prostatitis induced by carrageenan in rat
Hajighorbani, M., Ahmadi-hamedani, M. *, Shahab, E., Hayati, F., Kafshdoozan, K., Ghafari Kalili, S., Jebelli Javan, A. .Determination of histopathological criteria of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNP), as the most common type of prostatitis syndrome, is highly effective to better understanding of pathophysiology and finding therapeutic strategies of this disease. Interest in pentox MoreDetermination of histopathological criteria of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNP), as the most common type of prostatitis syndrome, is highly effective to better understanding of pathophysiology and finding therapeutic strategies of this disease. Interest in pentoxifylline (PTX) has been renewed because of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of this drug. The aim of this study was to evaluate histopathological criteria of CNP in rat and to investigate the effectiveness of pentoxifylline on these criteria. Thirty male adult Wistar rats were divided into negative control, CNP control, standard and treatment groups. The negative control group received orally 1 ml saline normal for 21 consecutive days CNP was induced by single intraprostatic injection of 1% carrageenan (100 µl) in CNP control, standard and treatment groups. CNP control, standard and treatment groups received orally 1 ml saline normal, cernilton 100 mg/kg and PTX at 50 and 100 mg/kg 1 week after CNP induction for 21 consecutive days. Results showed that in the CNP control group, the PI was significantly increased as compared to negative control group (P<0.01). A significant reduction in the PI was observed in standard and treatment groups, especially PTX 50 mg/kg, in comparison with the CNP control group (P<0.05). Histopathological studies have shown a considerable improvement in the prostatic histoarchitecture in standard and treatment groups, especially PTX 50 mg/kg, in comparison with the CNP control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Study on effects of selenium on histopathology and histometrical parameters in testis of normal and experimental varicocele rats
Taghizadeh, L., Eidi, A., Mortazavi, P., Haeri Rohani, A. .Negative effects of oxidative stress on serum, semen and testicular tissue have shown in patients with varicocele or in animal models. This study investigated the effects of sodium selenite on histological and histometrical parameters in testis of normal and varicocele- MoreNegative effects of oxidative stress on serum, semen and testicular tissue have shown in patients with varicocele or in animal models. This study investigated the effects of sodium selenite on histological and histometrical parameters in testis of normal and varicocele-induced male Wistar rats. Forty-four rats were divided randomly in 11 groups: control group (1 ml/kg of saline intraperitoneally), sham-operated control group (only surgery without varicocele, 1 ml/kg of saline intraperitoneally, experimental varicocele groups (sodium selenite at doses 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and normal experimental groups (sodium selenite at doses 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Two months after surgery using Turner method, varicocele was induced in rats. Then, sodium selenite was administered continuously for 60 days. Testis tissue samples were collected for histological and histometrical studies. Sodium selenite caused a significant increase in thickness of epithelium of seminiferous tubules compared to varicocele control group (P<0.01). Tubular differentiation index (TDI) and spermiogenesis index (SI) of seminiferous tubules showed an increase in sodium selenite groups compared to normal control group. TDI and SI of seminiferous tubules showed a significant decrease in varicocele control group compared to normal control group (P<0.05). Sodium selenite caused a significant increase in number of leydig cells in varicocelized rats, compared to varicocele control group (P<0.01). Taken together, the results of this study suggest that selenium treatment may have beneficial effect on the testis tissue of varicocelized rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Experimental study on protective effects of Hesperetin against intestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats
Golkar, Sh., Mohajeri, D., Kaffash Elahi, R. .The intestinal mucosa is known to be adversely affected by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). It has been demonstrated that Hesperetin has protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury on various organs. The aim of this study is to determine protective effects of Hesp MoreThe intestinal mucosa is known to be adversely affected by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). It has been demonstrated that Hesperetin has protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury on various organs. The aim of this study is to determine protective effects of Hesperetin on I/R injury of the intestine in rats. For this purpose, forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as control (group 1), sham IR (group 2), intestinal IR (group 3) and Hesperetin plus intestinal IR (group 4). Intestinal IR was produced by 30 min of intestinal ischemia followed by a 60 min of reperfusion. Rats in the group 4 received Hesperetin (1000 U/kg) subcutaneously, 120 minutes before ischemia. After the experiments, the colon was removed and the tissues were processed for histopathological examination. Serum total antioxidant activity (TAA), and levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were measured in colon tissue. Histopathology show that, severe inflammatory cell infiltration, hyperemia and hemorrhage in lamina propria, as well as epithelial cell necrosis and reduction of mucosal thickening in colon tissues of the intestinal IR group. Administration of Hesperetin alleviated the colon damage in group 4. Levels of TAA, SOD, CAT, GPx and GR decreased in the intestinal IR group, but increased significantly (p<0.05) in the IR+ Hesperetin group. Hesperetin significantly (p<0.05) decreased MDA levels which was increased by IR. The results of this study, showed that Hesperetin treatment protected the rat's intestinal tissue against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - بررسی اثر محافظتی عصاره دانه خرفه(Portulaca oleraceae) بر آسیب بافت بیضه القا شده توسط کلرید کادمیوم در موشهای صحرایی نر بالغ نژاد ویستار
Ghahreman, E قهرمان , A Eidi , P Mortazavi , S. Oryanخرفه یک علف هرز با گستره پراکنده­ای است و در طب سنتی در بسیاری از کشورها به عنوان داروی مدر، ضد سرطان، ضد عفونی کننده و ضد اسپاسم استفاده می­شود. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش محافظتی عصاره اتانولی خرفه بر آسیب بافت بیضه­ای ناشی از تیمار کلرید کادمیوم با اندا Moreخرفه یک علف هرز با گستره پراکنده­ای است و در طب سنتی در بسیاری از کشورها به عنوان داروی مدر، ضد سرطان، ضد عفونی کننده و ضد اسپاسم استفاده می­شود. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش محافظتی عصاره اتانولی خرفه بر آسیب بافت بیضه­ای ناشی از تیمار کلرید کادمیوم با اندازه­گیری آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدانی در موش های صحرایی نر بالغ نژاد ویستار انجام شد.تعداد 60 سر موش­های صحرایی نر به طور تصادفی به 10 گروه تقسیم شدند: گروه کنترل سالم، گروه­های دریافت کننده عصاره خرفه (50، 100، 200 و 400 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن، روزانه به طور خوراکی)، گروه کنترل آسیب بیضه­ای (دریافت کلرید کادمیوم به میزان 3 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن، روزانه به طور خوراکی)، گروه­های دریافت کننده عصاره خرفه (50، 100، 200 و 400 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن، روزانه به طور خوراکی) همراه با کلرید کادمیوم. بعد از 28 روز تیمار، موش­ها به آسانی کشته شدند و بیضه­های آن­ها خارج گردید و فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدانی و میزان پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی بافت بیضه موش­ها اندازه­گیری شد. کلرید کادمیوم باعث کاهش معنی­داری در میزان فعالیت آنزیم­های گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، کاتالاز و افزایش سطح مالون دی آلدئید بیضه شد (001/0 p<). تیمار عصاره خرفه در دوزهای 200 و 400 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن باعث افزایش معنی­داری در میزان فعالیت آنزیم­های گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، کاتالاز و افزایش سطح مالون دی آلدئید گردید (001/0 p<). مطالعه حاضر نشان داد عصاره خرفه احتمالا از طریق افزایش فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدانی، بیضه موش­های صحرایی را از آسیب ناشی از کلرید کادمیوم محافظت می­کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - تعیین مکان بیان کننده گیرنده HCA2 در لوله گوارش موش صحرایی با استفاده از روش ایمونوهیستوشیمی
, Shabani P شعبانی , S. Hamediگیرنده هیدروکسی کربوکسیلیک اسید2 ( HCA2 ) هدف داروی نیاسین است. در این مطالعه الگوی بیان این گیرنده ها در سلول های بخش های مختلف لوله گوارش (از دهان تا مری) موش صحرایی با روش ایمونوهیستوشیمی توصیف شده است. 6 موش صحرایی نر بالغ از نژاد ویستار تحت بیهوشی آسان کشی شدند. مق Moreگیرنده هیدروکسی کربوکسیلیک اسید2 ( HCA2 ) هدف داروی نیاسین است. در این مطالعه الگوی بیان این گیرنده ها در سلول های بخش های مختلف لوله گوارش (از دهان تا مری) موش صحرایی با روش ایمونوهیستوشیمی توصیف شده است. 6 موش صحرایی نر بالغ از نژاد ویستار تحت بیهوشی آسان کشی شدند. مقاطع بارافینی عرضی 5 میکرونی از مری، معده، دئودنوم، ژژونوم، ایلئوم، سکوم، کولون ها و رکتوم تهیه شد. آنتی بادی اولیه جهت رنگ آمیزی ایمونوهیستو شیمی، آنتی بادی چند دودمانی خرگوشی ضد HCA2 موش صحرایی (غلظت 1:300 و انکوباسیون به مدت یک شب در 4 درجه سانتی گراد) بود. آنتی بادی ثانویه با HRP کونژوگه شده بود. واکنش ایمنی ضعیف در سلول های ابی تلیال مری و معده غیر غده ای، واکنش ایمنی قوی مربوط به گیرنده های HCA2 در سلول های ابی تلیال دئودنوم، ژژونوم، ایلئوم و لایه عضلانی ژژونوم دیده شد. بعلاوه واکنش بذیری در کولون اندک بوده و در رکتوم هیچگونه واکنش بذیری دیده نشد. در قاعده سکوم رنگ پذیری سلول های پوششی شدید بود. در کل، بروتئین گیرنده های HCA2 به فراوانی در ابی تلیوم روده باریک و قاعده سکوم موش صحرایی حضور دارد، این امر موش صحرایی را به یک حیوان آزمایشگاهی مناسب جهت مطالعه بر روی این گیرنده ها در دستگاه گوارش تبدیل می کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Effects of Folic acid on gastric injury induced by gastrotomy in rat
P. Khani A. Asghari A. Jahandideh P. MortazaviThe objective of this study is to evaluate the ability of folic acid to treat gastric ulcer resulted from gastrotomy in rats. In this study, 75 adult Wistar rats with a mean weight of 280 ± 20 were used. These rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 15 ones. MoreThe objective of this study is to evaluate the ability of folic acid to treat gastric ulcer resulted from gastrotomy in rats. In this study, 75 adult Wistar rats with a mean weight of 280 ± 20 were used. These rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 15 ones. All rats were treated by gastrotomy surgery. The first group of rats received omeprazole (20 mg / kg), the second, third and fourth group were treated by 2, 5 and 10 mg / kg of folic acid respectively per body weight on daily basis for 21 days, and ultimately, the fifth group received water. Five rats from each group were randomly anesthetized on 7th, 14th and 21st day after the surgery. After removal of the stomach, the ulcer site was first examined macroscopically and then the lesions of the histopathologic sections were taken. After staining of Hematoxylin-Eosin and chrome ventricle, gastric ulcer healing was examined through microscope. The results of histopathologic studies showed that the rats in the folic acid and omeprazole treatment group had significantly better pathological results (p <0.05) than the control group. Based on the obtained results, it seems that folic acid has appropriate and acceptable impacts on healing of gastrotomy in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Evaluation of Enzymatic changes in cholestasis index and TGF-β expression in cholestatic rat's liver were treated with ethanolic extract of Epimedium
فاطمه Karimi, پژمان Mortazavi, A. Asghari,Liver fibrosis is one of the chronic and common diseases that is associated with increased production of excess collagen in the liver by star-shaped cells with increased TGF-β expression. Induction of cholestasis is one way which caused to liver fibrosis. The aim o MoreLiver fibrosis is one of the chronic and common diseases that is associated with increased production of excess collagen in the liver by star-shaped cells with increased TGF-β expression. Induction of cholestasis is one way which caused to liver fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antifibrotic effect of Epimedium extract on liver cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats. In this study, 40 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were used. The rats were divided into 8 groups of 5, including healthy control, 3 healthy experimental were treated with doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of Epimedium extract, BDL group and 3 BDL were treated with mentioned doses. The rats were treated via intragastric gavage for 45 consecutive days (once per day). After 45 days, Alkalin phosphatase serumic level was measured after rats anesthesia and their serum isolation. Also, the rat's liver was fixed, colored and then evaluated via using the common immunohistochemical method with TGF-β antibody.The results showed a significant increase in serum levels of ALP enzyme and an increase in TGF-β expression in BDL group. Dose-dependent Treatment with Epimedium extract was able to improve these changes significantly. The results of this study showed that Epimedium extract probably improves the serum level of ALP enzyme by increasing the stability of cell membranes and also reduces the production and deposition of collagen in the liver by inhibiting the activation of stellar cells and inhibiting TGF-β expression. Manuscript profile -
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32 - بررسی اثرات عصاره الکلی میوه عروسک پشت پرده بر میزان سقط جنین و ناهنجاری جنین موش صحرایی نژاد ویستار در روز 4 بارداری
مهناز نسیمی میترا حیدری نصرآبادی عبدالحسین شیروی -
Open Access Article
33 - اثر لوزارتان بر فیبروز کلیه متعاقب انسداد کامل یکطرفه میزنای در موش صحرایی
مهرداد نشاط قراملکی میرهادی خیاط نوری غفور موسوی -
Open Access Article
34 - Effect of hydroalchoholic extract of Fraxinus extract in incisional wound healing in rats
narges nazari نسرین حیدریهPato physiological process of wound healing involves the interaction of cellular and biochemical processes. According to Ash anti-inflammatory effect Fraxinus extract the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Fraxinus extract ointment incisional wound healing MorePato physiological process of wound healing involves the interaction of cellular and biochemical processes. According to Ash anti-inflammatory effect Fraxinus extract the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Fraxinus extract ointment incisional wound healing in rats can be. Method: Ash fruits and leafy branches after identification by the university herbarium, extract by Soxhlet extraction using rotary powder was prepared.Then ointment 70% and 35% as a percentage of the volume using eucerin (ointment base) and the dried extract was created.To induce colitis in male Wistar rats first (g200 ± 230) were anesthetized with ether and In the middle of incisional wound to the back of the animals during 2 (cm) and the thickness of the dermis was created. Rats in four groups (n = 8), no treatment (negative control), eucerin treatment (positive control), treated with ointment were 35% and 70% Fraxinus extract .Treatment every other day for . 14 days was done Before treatment, the wound was photographed by a digital camera and then with the help of AutoCAD software and the percentage of wound healing, wound surface area was determined.Data analyzed by SPSS software and ANOVA and Tukey test were analyzed.The results showed ointment 35% and 70% Ash significant increase in the percentage of wound healing compared to the control group were positive.Result :Fraxinus extract extract is accelerated wound healing in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Effect of folic acid on catalepsy in reserpine –induced parkinsonian male rat model
Fatemeh Tayebi رامش احمدیAbstractIntroduction: Experimental evidence suggests that the folate deficiency and its consequent, the elevated homocysteine level ,can sensitize the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra to the environmental toxin, whereby it may increase the risk of Parkinson dise MoreAbstractIntroduction: Experimental evidence suggests that the folate deficiency and its consequent, the elevated homocysteine level ,can sensitize the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra to the environmental toxin, whereby it may increase the risk of Parkinson disease. Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder with symptoms such as rest tremor, muscle stiffness, paucity of voluntary movements, and postural instability. Regarding the neuroprotective and antioxidant effect of the folic acid, purpose of this study was to determine the effect of folic acid on motor activity (catalpsy) in Parkinson model of rats with using the bar-test. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups. Experimental model of Parkinson's disease was induced by intraperitoneal injection of reserpine. Each of animals in the folic acid groups was given folic acid(5 mg / kg, i.p) every day. Then all groups were evaluated by the bar-test.Results: The results showed that this dose of the folic acid (5 mg / kg) for a week significantly(p <0/05) improves the catalepsy in the rats model of Parkinson's disease.Conclusion: It can be said that folic acid improves catalepsy in Rats Model of Parkinson's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum basilicum on anxiety in male rats
زهرا رنجبر فردویی Nasrin Heidarieh Fatemeh JamalloIntroduction:Anxiety is a common disorder that often associated with the physiological symptoms such as heart rate , chest pain, shortness of breath. The use of medicinal plants has increased and the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extrac MoreIntroduction:Anxiety is a common disorder that often associated with the physiological symptoms such as heart rate , chest pain, shortness of breath. The use of medicinal plants has increased and the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-alcoholic extracts of Ocimum basilicum on anxiety in male rats.Methods: Ocimumbasilicum leafy branches Having identified by herbarium University, hydro-alcoholic extract by Soxhlet extraction, and powdered extracts were prepared.. In this study the male Wistar rats(230±20g) were divided to intact group ,DMSO recipient( solvent extraction) group And receiving doses of 250, 50, 25, 15 mg / kg,( i.p) of Hydro-alcoholic extract.A half hours after injection, by Using the evaluated maze, the anxiety test was taken and the standard indicators of anxiety,( duration of stay and the number of entry into the open arm ) was recorded and checked for 5 minutes.ANOVA and Tukey test was used for analyzing data (P<0.05)Results: The results showed that the DMSO with compared to intact group had no effect on anxiety indicators. The Ocimumbasilicumhydroalcoholic extract at a dose of 25,15 mg / kg Compared to the group receiving DMSO, the time of stay in open arms and number of entry into open arm had a significant increase (p<0.001)Conclusion Ocimumbasilicum extract has anti-anxiety effect.Keywords: Ocimumbasilicum extract;anxiety; evaluated maze; rat Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Effect of Hypericum perforatum extract on passive avoidance learning of male wistar rats
پروین اسدی کامبیز روشنایی حمیدرضا مهاجرانیAgeing could been resulted to increase of oxidative stress that could lead to damage of brain processes including cognitive functions. Since Hypericum extract have increasing effect on brain cognitive functions e.g. learning and memory , it’s effect on passive avo MoreAgeing could been resulted to increase of oxidative stress that could lead to damage of brain processes including cognitive functions. Since Hypericum extract have increasing effect on brain cognitive functions e.g. learning and memory , it’s effect on passive avoidance learning of male wistar rats were examined.Methods: 16 male wistar rats, each weighing about 250-300 g were divided into two groups, control and Hypericum extract group(animals administered with 350 mg/kg/day of Hypericum extract). All of groups had free access to water and food with no limitation. Hypericum extract was administrated orally each day for one week. The passive avoidance learning test was done in the shuttle box device following intending treatments for all groups and in similar conditions. In this test, increased time delay for the first time of entry to the dark chamber and decreased staying time in the dark chamber considered as improved passive avoidance learning The data were analyzed by SPSS software and one-way ANOVA followed by the Tuckey test.Findings: In compare to control group, passive avoidance indices were increased significantly. In other words, mean step through latency (STL) of H. perforatum group was 260 seconds and was higher than that of control group (240 seconds) significantly (p< .001). Conclusion: Our results indicated that administered Hypericum extract could increase passive avoidance learning indices in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The effect of diabetes on reserpine-induced catalepsy in rats model of Parkinson's disease
اعظم خلج رامش احمدیAim and Background: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system, characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss in the nigrostriatal system with clinical symptoms such as resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, and disturbances of postural MoreAim and Background: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system, characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss in the nigrostriatal system with clinical symptoms such as resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, and disturbances of postural reflex.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diabetes on reserpine-induced catalepsy in male rats model of Parkinson's diseaseMaterial and Methods: In this study, 24 Wistar rats were divided in 4 groups (control, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease + diabetes).Each of animals in the diabetic groups was given a single injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, i.p). Parkinson's disease was induced by administration of Reserpine (1 mg/kg, i.p)The bar- test was used to measure cataleptic symptoms. Catalepsy was evaluated by placing both forepaws of the rat on a horizontal bar.SPSS software was used for analyzing data by using of analysis of variance that it was performed at a significance level of p<0.05.Results: catalepsy was significantly higher in the group of diabetes + Parkinson's disease.Conclusion: Diabetes can be effective on reserpine-induced catalepsy in male rats model of Parkinson's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The effect of hydroalcholic extract of Cuminum cyminum L. on anxiety in Adult male rats
Maryam Khoshsokhan mozaffar zahra alemi heshmat nasrin heidariehBackground and objectives: Anxiety is one of the current psychic disorders among humanistic communities. It is an oppressive feeling that associates an unknown and ambiguous danger. Due to the effect of cuminum cyminum L, this study aims to consider the effect of hydroa MoreBackground and objectives: Anxiety is one of the current psychic disorders among humanistic communities. It is an oppressive feeling that associates an unknown and ambiguous danger. Due to the effect of cuminum cyminum L, this study aims to consider the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of cuminum cyminum L. on anxiety among male Adult wistar rats. Material and Methods: After recognition of the cuminum cyminum L. plant through herbarium of Islamic Azad university of Qom, the hydroalcoholic extract was extracted by laboratory, and the extract powder was produced by using an oven. In this study on 32 male wistar rats (200 230 gr) in healthy groups(intact),the treatment group with DMSO or the solvent extract (0/3 cc), and groups received 50,100 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of cuminum cyminum L. (n=8). All injections were peritoneal, and half an hour after injection, with the use of high cross labyrinth, anxiety test was taken, and anxiety evaluation’s standard indicators (staying period and the number of entering to free arm) were considered and registered for 5 minutes. Data were analyzed by the Tukey’s unilateral variance analyze (p<0.001). Results: The received group solvent extract than intact group indicators showed no significant differences in anxiety. the hydroalcoholic extract of cuminum cyminum L.in 100 mg/kg, showed significant increasing in presence period and number commuting time on open arm, than the group who received DMSO (p<0.001). Conclusion: the hydroalcoholic extract of cuminum cyminum L. has anti-anxiety effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The effect of caloric restriction on reserpine-induced catalepsy in rats model of Parkinson's disease
Azam Khalaj Tahreh sadat Shobeiri Mohammad Reza YazdianAim and Background: Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease and the most common cause of disability . it is a progressive disease that is associated with the destruction of nerve cells. Caloric restriction is th MoreAim and Background: Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease and the most common cause of disability . it is a progressive disease that is associated with the destruction of nerve cells. Caloric restriction is the only preventive action that has a life long-lasting effect on laboratory models. It has been shown in a large scale of laboratory animals that caloric restriction increases life expectancy, decreases the incidence of several age-related diseases, and preserves youth activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of caloric restriction diet on reserpine-induced catalepsy in male rats model of Parkinson's disease. Material and Methods: In this study, 30 Wistar rats were divided in 5 groups (control, Parkinson's disease,caloric restriction, Parkinson's disease + caloric restriction, caloric restriction+ Parkinson's disease(2) ).Animals in caloric restriction groups were under the caloric restriction of 30 percent. Parkinson's disease was induced by administration of Reserpine (1 mg/kg, i.p). The bar- test was used to measure cataleptic symptoms. Results: catalepsy was significantly lower in of caloric restriction + Parkinson's disease and caloric restriction+ Parkinson's disease (2) groups than in Parkinson's disease group. (P <0/05). Conclusion: caloric restriction of 30 percent can improve reserpine-induced catalepsy in male rats model of Parkinson's disease. Also, caloric restriction before inducing Parkinson's disease reduces the severity of complications after getting sick, including catalepsy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - اثرات عصاره هیدروالکلی برگ شلغم بر تغییرات سیکل استروس، بافت تخمدان و غلظت هورمون های جنسی استروژن و پروژسترون و در موش صحرایی ماده
بهاره نجفی امیر اشکان مهجوری حمید صادقی -
Open Access Article
42 - Study on Liver Development Of Newborn Male Rats from Mothers Treated with Dnazol
Forogh Massomi Mehrdad Shariati Akbar ZeraatpishehInroduction and Objective: Liver is an important organ with special function in metabolism of drugs. Danazol is a drugs for treatment of some patients. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect Danazol on function, liver enzymes including ALT, AST, ALPand b MoreInroduction and Objective: Liver is an important organ with special function in metabolism of drugs. Danazol is a drugs for treatment of some patients. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect Danazol on function, liver enzymes including ALT, AST, ALPand blood biochemical factors such as protein and albuminand histological changes of liver in newborn male rats.Materials and Methods:In this experimental study 40 newborn male rats wistar strain divided into 5 group of 8.the newborns were taken from pregnant mothers which divided to the control group that received nothing, the sham group that received solvent (1.6H2O+0.4 ethanol) and three experimental groups that received 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. Danazol in the pregnancy period for 21 days orally. In 22thdays after parturition, the newborns weighted and the blood samples prepared for AST, ALT, ALP, albumin, protein a valuating by Technicon RA1000 autoanalyzer and pars Azmoon kit made in Iran. In addition , the newborns liver evaluated by HandE histological staining methods.Results:The body weight in the experimental group showed decreasing and the concentration of AST, ALT and ALP showed increasing significantly (PConclusion: It can be concluded that Danazol causes weight loss by increasing the levels of liver enzymes also this drug causes necrosis and damaging in liver tissuehowevermore investigations are needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Study of the Anxiolytic Effects of Plantgo major L. and Possible Role of Gabaergic System in these Effects in Rats
Ali MojtahedinInroduction & Objective: Anxiety is a common mental disorders among human populations is considered. Due to the side effects of chemical drugs used to treat them, this study aimed to investigate plantago major leaf extract on the level of anxiety in rats was performed.M MoreInroduction & Objective: Anxiety is a common mental disorders among human populations is considered. Due to the side effects of chemical drugs used to treat them, this study aimed to investigate plantago major leaf extract on the level of anxiety in rats was performed.Material and Methods:In this experimental study, 42 male Wistar rats were used. Animals were divided in 6 groups: negative control group (normal saline), positive control group (diazepam 1 mg/kg) and 4 treatment groups with plantago major leaf extract (doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg). Elevated plus-maze test was used to assess anxiety. Data using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc test and a significance level of PResults: The results of this study showed that plantago major leaf extract at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg causes anxiolytic effects in the elevated plus-maze test and 100 mg/kg significantly (PConclusion:According to the results of this study, it seems that plantago major leaf extract due to containing the flavonoid compounds have anxiolytic effects and this effect may be made through the of GABAergic system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The Effect OfEllagic Acid on Movement Disorders in Animal Models Of Parkinsons
Maryam RafieiradInroduction and Objective: Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disease in nervous system, which is known with a variety of movement disorders. Factors such as oxidative stress are the main causes of degeneration subestentia nigra dopaminergic neurons and emergence of MoreInroduction and Objective: Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disease in nervous system, which is known with a variety of movement disorders. Factors such as oxidative stress are the main causes of degeneration subestentia nigra dopaminergic neurons and emergence of Parkinson's. Ellagic acid avoids adverse effects of oxidative stress that leads to cell death. The aim of this study is investigate the effect of ellagic acid on movement disorders in animal models of Parkinson's disease.Materials and Methods In This study were used 40 adult male rats that were divided randomly into 8 groups: Control, Parkinson's, and three Parkinson groups that once daily for 14 days received the gavage from doses 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg of ellagic acid. Results were presented as mean ± SEM, one-way Anova variance and LSD test. Parkinson's disease was induced with injection of 8 µg of 6_ hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA) nerve toxin in 2 ml of saline containing 1% ascorbic acid in the middle-anterior bundle (MFB) of the left cerebral hemisphere of rats.Results: lesion by 6-OHDA in the left brain MFB caused up to 14 days after injury animals after subcutaneous administration of apomorphine 2/5 mg/kg, could rotate 360 degrees to the right with rate of> 10 rpm. and in the motor tests (Rotarod performance, catalpsy and Stride length) showed significant differences with compared to the control group. Treatment of animals with Parkinson's disease by different doses of ellagic acid compared with untreated PD group caused a significant improvement in motor activity. doses 25 and 50 mg/kg of ellagic acid showed most effects of treatment.Conclusion:ellagic acid, probably due to strong antioxidant property and interfere with receptor activity in motor pathways can be used to improve and reduced movement disorders, Parkinson's. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Protective Effect Of Romaine Lactuca sativa Leaf on Function and Tissue Liver in Adult Male Rats Treatment with Ethanol
Fatemeh Separham Mehrdad Shariati Akbar ZeraatpishehInroduction and Objective: Today, consume of alcohol is social problems and as well as causing various diseases and abnormalities in physiological disorders in the human body, especially the liver. In this study has tried to, the effect of Lactuca sativa leaf on serum l MoreInroduction and Objective: Today, consume of alcohol is social problems and as well as causing various diseases and abnormalities in physiological disorders in the human body, especially the liver. In this study has tried to, the effect of Lactuca sativa leaf on serum levels of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT) and albumin, total protein and liver tissue, followed by alcohol, were investigatedMaterial and Methods: In this study, in order to induce liver damage, ethanol was used. 48 adult male Wistar rats weighing 190 ± 10 g were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8 and with doses of 20%, 40% and 60% of Lactuca sativa and ethanol (30%) were treated. Daily dose of 2 mL of ethanol orally and Lactuca sativa combination with diet was administered daily for 28 days. After blood sampling and separation of serum, the activity level of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT) and albumin and total protein in serum were measured and in histopathological studies of liver tissue sections were prepared.Results:Changes in body weight and liver levels in the groups receiving ethanol and Lactuca sativa are not significant compared to the control group. Reducing the level of enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT) and increased total protein and albumin in the group receiving Lactuca sativa compared to the group treated with ethanol alone, in the statistics level p ≤ 0.05 was significant. Histological studies showed that group treated with ethanol, there were large areas devoid of hepatocytes. Improvement was observed in the group receiving Lactuca sativaConclusion:Lactuca sativaconsumption at a dose of 60% due to higher phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity, cause of protect liver cells is against oxidative stress induced by ethanol , as a result, the level of liver enzymes and biochemical parameters returned to normal and liver tissue damage is minimized Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Effects Of Pomegranate Juice on Liver Enzymes (ALT, ALP, AST) in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rats
ٍSayeed Ebrahim Hosseini Davod Mehrabani Elham RezaieInroduction and Objective: Diabetesis a metabolic resulting from defects in insulin secretion and function. Pomegranate is a nutritional substance, used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. In the current study we checked the treating effects of the pomegranate j MoreInroduction and Objective: Diabetesis a metabolic resulting from defects in insulin secretion and function. Pomegranate is a nutritional substance, used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. In the current study we checked the treating effects of the pomegranate juice on diabetes and its side effects on liver.Thus, in the current studyinvestigated the effects of pomegranate juice on liver enzymes (ALT, ALP, AST) in diabetic and non-diabetic rats.Material and Methods: In the current study, 90 adult male Wistar rats weighing 200 to 220 g each were randomly selected and divided to five groups of control(without any intervention), sham (distilled water),experimental diabeticand non –diabetic1,2 and 3 groups (4cc of pomegranate juice (PJ)). Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitionesl injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin. In the experimental groups, rats were treated for 21days with a signal dose of pomegranate juice for each day. At the end of the day 21, a blood sample was taken from the experimental and control group and were measuredthe serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP).The data were evaluated usingANOVA and LSD.Results: Resultsshowedthat pomegranate juice reduces significantly liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) in the diabetic group than in the control group and the control group had no significant effect.Conclusion: Pomegranate juice with flavonoid and antioxidant compounds and also due to decrease blood glucose levels causes enzymes of ALT, AST, and ALP indiabeticrats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Effects of Pomegranate ـuice (Punica granatum)on the Pituitary Thyroid Hormones in Adult Male Rats
Seyyed Ebrahim Hosseini Farzad Godarzi Saeed KhatamsazInroduction & Objective: Pomegranate juice contains a variety of chemical compounds that have properties such as anti-obesity, diabetes, anti-cancer, anti-hepatotoxicity, lowering blood sugar and cholesterol, and therefore this study was performed aimed to investigate e MoreInroduction & Objective: Pomegranate juice contains a variety of chemical compounds that have properties such as anti-obesity, diabetes, anti-cancer, anti-hepatotoxicity, lowering blood sugar and cholesterol, and therefore this study was performed aimed to investigate effects of pomegranate juice on the plasma concentration of hormones in the pituitary-thyroid axis in adult male rats. Material and Methods:50 male rats who weighs 210 to 200 grams were divided into 8 pieces included a control group(no treatment), control group (treated with distilled water) and experimental group receiving Pomegranate juice 3, 6 and 9 ml daily. All prescriptions were performed by gavage for 10 days. At the end of the period after weighing animals and phlebotomizing, and so plasma producing, plasma levels of hormones TSH, T4, T3 was measured by ELISA method and the results were analyzed by ANOVA and T tests. The significant difference in the data P ≤0.05 was considered.Results:The results of the study showed that pomegranate juice has no the significant effects on body weight, but the group receiving dose of 3 mL with TSH concentrations has a significant increase, but in the dose of 9 ml with concentration t3 and t4 in all groups has a significant decrease at the P ≤0.05.Conclusion:The results showed that pomegranate juice had no effects on the rats’ weight but in the form of dose-dependent was caused to increase the plasma levels of the hormone TSH and to decrease t3 and t4 hormones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Effects Of Aqueous Extract Of Glycyrrhiza glabra Root Against Lipid Dysfunction and Hepatic Tissue Changes Induced by Thioacetamide in Male Rats
Davood Moghadamnia Moktar Mokhtari Saeed Khatam SazInroduction and ObjectiveThioacetamide cause hepatocellular carcinoma and lipid dysfunction.The plant phenolic compounds such as flavonoids have a important role in the treatment of many disease. The present study was done to evaluate effects of aqueous extract of Glyc MoreInroduction and ObjectiveThioacetamide cause hepatocellular carcinoma and lipid dysfunction.The plant phenolic compounds such as flavonoids have a important role in the treatment of many disease. The present study was done to evaluate effects of aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root against lipid dysfunction and hepatic tissue changes induced by thioacetamide in male rats. Materials and Methods:35 male rats were divided into five groupsof seven:Control group.Animals of this group underwent no stress such as injection ,oral gavage and etc.Sham group.Animals of this group received150 mg/kg of thioacetamide intrapertionealy in a single dose for 3 months.Experimental group 1,2,3. Animals of this groups received 100,200,300 mg/kg of aqueous extract of glycyrrhiza glabra root orally per day for 3 months and then 150 mg/kg of thioacetamide intrapertionealy in a single dose. All animals bled after 3 months .The provided blood samples were tested for total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol,triglyceride and glucose serum levels by enzymatic methods. The pathological examination of hepatic tissue samples were done after hematoxylin - eosin stainingResultsPretreatmen with 100,300 mg/kg of aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root significandecreased the serum levels of total choesterol comparing with thioacetamide group.Pretreatmen with the aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root at all doses increased the serum levels of glucose comparing with thioacetamide group but there was no significant difference. Pretreatmen with the aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root at all doses showed no significant difference inserum levels of LDL,HDLcholesterol and triglyceride comparing with thioacetamide group. In all experimental groups the hepatic tissue changes induced by thioacetamide improved which were dose dependent.(p≤.05) Conclusion: Therefore, the result show that the protective effects of aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root against Lipid dysfunction and hepatic tissue induced by thioacetamide in male rats.The protective effects of this extract can be due to the presence of flavonoids,chalcones,phytosterols compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The Effect of Glyphosate Herbicide on Oogenesis and Ovary in Adult Rats
Parivash Karimi Habib allah jowhary Vahid Hemayatkhah Jahromi Esmaiel FattahiInroduction & Objective:Glyphosate, commercial known as Roundup is a herbicide from phosphonic family (Amine isopropyl salt) which is used as a systemic toxic for controlling all kinds of annual or perennial weed plants. The goal of this study is the effect of glyphosat MoreInroduction & Objective:Glyphosate, commercial known as Roundup is a herbicide from phosphonic family (Amine isopropyl salt) which is used as a systemic toxic for controlling all kinds of annual or perennial weed plants. The goal of this study is the effect of glyphosate herbicide on oogenesis and ovary in adult ratsMethods50 female matured rats (Wistar race) with mean weight200±15were prepared and divided into five 10 members groups including control, sham, experimental 1, experimental 2 and experimental 3. The control group didn’t receive any treatments. The sham group has received 0.2 cc distilled water as daily qualities injection and the 1, 2 and 3 groups have received 50,100 and 200 mg/kg glyphosate as intra peritoneum injection during 14 consecutive days. Ovaries were extracted and sliced, tissue sections were studying on the number of secondary follicles, Graffian follicles, corpus luteum and atretic follicles.ResultsThe results of this research showed that nevertheless glyphosate had not significant influence on ovary weight but the secondary, Graffian and atretic follicles and corpus leuteum of experimental groups had significant increase than the control group (pConclusionIt can be concluded that glyphosate can change ovary follicles amount and oogenesis in rats Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Berberis integerrima FruitOn Function and Liver Tissue in Adult Male Rat’s Treatment with Ethanol
Shiva Shakurunia Mehrdad ShariatiInroduction & Objective:Nowadays consuming alcohol causes diseases and different disorders ,specially liver disorder.The purpose of this survey is to study the effect of berberis integerrima’s fruit on liver enzymes,serum level (ALT, AST, ALP,GGT), albumin scale and t MoreInroduction & Objective:Nowadays consuming alcohol causes diseases and different disorders ,specially liver disorder.The purpose of this survey is to study the effect of berberis integerrima’s fruit on liver enzymes,serum level (ALT, AST, ALP,GGT), albumin scale and total protein and changes in liver tissue caused by consuming alcohol.Material and Methods:: In this study, ethanol was used to apply liver damage.50 male Wistar rats(160-220 gr) were randomly divided into 5 groups as follows:1)Control group without any treatment,2)Positive sham group receiving 2 ml of 20% ethanol daily by gavage ,3)Negative sham group receiving berberis integerrima dose(200 mg/kg bw) and experimental groups1 and 2 receiving 20% ethanol respectively for 21 days and in the second 28days,100mg/ kg and 200 mg / kg doses of berberis integerrimawere prescripted ,Then blood samples,were taken to measure,liver enzyme ,Albumin and the Total proteinlevels.Histological section for histopathological studies of liver were provided.Results: The results showed that changes in body and liver weight in sham groups were not significant in comparison to control groups. In enzymes like AST, ALP, GGT,ALT,Albumin and total protein in exprimental groups receiving Berberis integerrima were significant atp≤./5 level in compare to positive sham group that was treated with ethanol.Histological studies shows that in the positive sham group that was treated with ethanol large areas of empty hepatocyte cells were seen, and the recovery processes were observed in the experimental groups receiving Berberis integerrima’s extractConclusion: Because of having anti-oxidative compounds and more flavonord Consuming berberis integerrima extract in (200 mg/kg) dose protects liver cell against oxidative stress caused by ethanol Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Effects of Pimozide on Physiology of Reproduction in Adult Male Rat
Tahereh Bagheri Mehrdad ShariatiInroduction & Objective: Pimozide is an antipsychotic with neuroleptic properties that has been found to be useful in the management of chronic schizophrenic patients , mania and hypomania. This drug blocks dopamine receptors. In this research the effect of pimozide wer MoreInroduction & Objective: Pimozide is an antipsychotic with neuroleptic properties that has been found to be useful in the management of chronic schizophrenic patients , mania and hypomania. This drug blocks dopamine receptors. In this research the effect of pimozide were studied on pituitary gonad axis function, the concentration of testosterone , FSH and LH level and testis histological changes. Materials and Methods:The present study was done on 50 male rats wistar strain that divided to 5 groups of 10 animal, including: Control, sham (received normal saline as a solvent) and three pimozide (1,2,4 mg/ kg) received the experimental groups. The drug were administered for 30 days orally and blood samples were taken from the rats and serum concentrations of testosterone, FSH and LH were measured by RIA method. Histological changes were studied among experimental, control and sham groups. The results were evaluated by using SPSS software and ANOVA tests. Results:The results showed that 4 mg/ kg dose of pimozide reduced testosterone. The level of FSH and LH were increased (P ConclusionSo in general we can say that high doses of pimozide decreases the concentration of testosterone level and the number of spermatogenic cells exception sertoli. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Effect of Copper Sulfateon the Wistar Rat's Fetal Liver Tissue
Rahil Jannatifar Ahmad Farrokhi Sona Zargari Mehrdad Ghorbanlou Reza NejatbakhshInroduction & Objective: Heavy metals like copper, even at low concentrations, can damage the tissue of creatures. According to high doses of copper in neonate's liver and the importance of liver development, this study was conducted by the purpose of the evaluation of MoreInroduction & Objective: Heavy metals like copper, even at low concentrations, can damage the tissue of creatures. According to high doses of copper in neonate's liver and the importance of liver development, this study was conducted by the purpose of the evaluation of the effect of copper sulfate on the Wistar rat's fetal liver tissue.Material and MethodIn this experimental study, 48 male and female Wistar rats with weight range of 200 to 250 gr were used. Before pregnancy, adult female rats were divided randomly into four control and copper sulfate experimental groups. Experimental groups respectively delivered 0.25, 0.5 and 1 gr copper sulfate in each 1000 gr of standard diet for 2 weeks before mating and during pregnancy. At the 21th day of pregnancy, rats were euthanized and the fetuses were removed from the female uteri and the liver was prepared for the purpose of histological studies. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and P was considered significant.Results: Average cephalocaudal length in the control group in comparison to experimental groups of 1 and 3 indicated significant difference (PConclusions:Copper sulfate at average and higher concentrations may have destructive effects on histology and cells of fetal liver. These changes and damages can be a function of the amount of consumption dose, time period and consumption period of copper sulfate Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Comparison of the Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and Its Active Ingredient Glycyrrhizic Acid on the Amount of Bax and Bcl-2 Proteins in the Liver Cells of Type 1 Diabetic Male Rats
Sedigheh Jani Vida Hojati Gholamhassan Vaezi Raheleh RahbarianIntroduction and Objective: The function of the liver as an insulin-dependent organ is strongly affected by diabetes. Diabetes can lead to liver damage through oxidative stress. The present study was performed to evaluate the possible effects of hydroalcoholic extract o MoreIntroduction and Objective: The function of the liver as an insulin-dependent organ is strongly affected by diabetes. Diabetes can lead to liver damage through oxidative stress. The present study was performed to evaluate the possible effects of hydroalcoholic extract of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and glyceric acid on Bax and Bcl2 apoptotic factors in male type 1 diabetic rats. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 72 male Wistar rats were injected into diabetic control, diabetic control and diabetic groups treated with hydroalcoholic extract of licorice and glycyrrhizinic acid at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg / kg by injection. The time intervals of 15 and 30 days were divided. Diabetic control and treatment groups became diabetic with a single intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg alloxane monohydrate. At the end of the treatment period, Bax and Bcl2 apoptotic factors were measured. The results were analyzed by SPSS 21 software and one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test. Results: Bax apoptotic factor was significantly decreased in the treated groups compared to the diabetic control groups and Bcl2 anti-apoptotic factor was significantly increased (p <0.05) which indicates improvement in the structure of damaged liver tissue in the groups. It is a treatment. Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of licorice and glycyrrhizic acid is in expressed doses of anti-apoptotic and has a protective effect against liver damage induced by diabetes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Effect of green tea extract (Camellia sinensis) on levels of sex hormones in letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adult female Wistar rats
ایمان خدارحمی اکرم عیدی پژمان مرتضویBackground and Objectives: Green tea (Camellia sinensis) was considered effective medicine for treating different ailments in ancient Asian folk medicine. It is known for its abundance of antioxidants. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinological dis MoreBackground and Objectives: Green tea (Camellia sinensis) was considered effective medicine for treating different ailments in ancient Asian folk medicine. It is known for its abundance of antioxidants. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinological disorder in reproductive-age women and is often associated with metabolic syndrome. The purpose of the study, the effect of green tea extract on letrozole-induced oxidative stress was investigated on levels of sex hormones of adult female Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 48 female rats were randomly divided into 8 groups of 6: The normal control group (intact), the healthy experimental group (green tea extract 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw, gavage), PCOS control group (letrozole 1 mg/kg bw, gavage), PCOS experimental group (green tea extract 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw together letrozole). The animals were euthanized 24 h after the last dose of the treatment on day 29. Blood was immediately obtained after the animals were sacrificed. The serum was used to assay the levels of testosterone, estradiol, FSH and LH. Results: Our results showed that administration of letrozole significantly increased the levels of testosterone, estradiol, LH and decreased FSH. The results study showed that green tea extract treatment significantly decreased the levels of testosterone, estradiol, LH and increased FSH in PCOS experimental group. Conclusion: These results provide data supporting the potential clinical use of green tea extract for the treatment of PCOS. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Effect of Tilia platyphyllos L. extract on the sex hormones levels and histopathology index in varicocele-induced infertile rats
Reihaneh Mohebali Akram Eidi Pejman Mortazavi Mohammad Amin EdalatmaneshBackground and Aim: Varicocele is one of the most common causes of infertility in men. Various studies have been performed on the treatment of varicocele and hormonal changes in the testicles. One of the non-invasive treatments for varicocele is treatment with Tilia pla MoreBackground and Aim: Varicocele is one of the most common causes of infertility in men. Various studies have been performed on the treatment of varicocele and hormonal changes in the testicles. One of the non-invasive treatments for varicocele is treatment with Tilia platyphyllos L. as a medicine used to treat stomach ulcers, spasms and sedatives. Chemical compounds such as terpenoids and flavonoids have been identified in the linden. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of linden extract on testicular pathology of healthy and varicocele rats.Materials and Methods: In this study, 48 rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: healthy control, healthy groups receiving linden extract (50, 100 and 200 mg / kg intragastrically, daily) alone, infertile control (varicocele surgery), varicocele groups together with linden extract (50, 100 and 200 mg / kg intragastrically, daily). After 60 days, serum was obtained and hormonal assays and histopathological examinations were performed and the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.Results: The results showed that the level of testosterone decreased and levels of LH and FSH increased significantly in varicocele control animals compared with healthy controls. َAlso, administration of linden extract has prevented hormonal changes and has significantly improved the sex hormones level and histological index in varicocele rats.Conclusion: The linden extract acts as a potent antioxidant against varicocele-induced damage in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Effect of low frequency electrical stimulation on CB2 receptors expression level in the dentate gyrus during perforant path kindling in rats
Parastoo Mardani Javad Mirnajafi zadehBackground & Aim: Application of Low-frequency stimulation (LFS), is accompanied with a decrease in hippocampal kindled-seizure induced changes rats and prevents propagation of seizure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the endocannabinoids recepto MoreBackground & Aim: Application of Low-frequency stimulation (LFS), is accompanied with a decrease in hippocampal kindled-seizure induced changes rats and prevents propagation of seizure. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the endocannabinoids receptors CB2 in the inhibitory effects of LFS on perforant path kindling- arose seizures. Materials & Methods: Rats Animals were kindled through electrical stimulation of perforant path and recorded responses in the dentate gyrus. Animals included of four groups kindled, Kindled+LFS (KLFS), LFS and control. Semi- rapid kindling procedure was used to induce seizures in animals. In group of KLFS, LFS (0.1 ms pulse duration at 1 Hz, 800 pulses) was applied five min after termination of kindling stimulations. At the end of the experiment, after fixing the animals by intracardiac perfusion method with 4% paraformaldehyde, the cerebral hemispheres were examined by Immunofluorescence. Results: Obtained results showed that LFS application in the LFS-treated group (KLFS) had significantly reduced seizures parameters. However, on basis immunofluorescent findings, no significant change in level of expression CB2 receptors was observed following LFS stimulations in the gyrus dentate of the KLFS group while it increased significantly compared to the kindling group. Conclusion: It is suggested that LFS does not interact with CB2 endocannabinoid receptors but in the pathological conditions of kindling, LFS may have an effect in suppressing seizures by increasing the expression level of CB2 endocannabinoid receptors to the normal expression level, although this increase in the expression level was not different from normal conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Central Effects of Phoenixin and Muscimol on Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizures during Various Stages of the Estrous Cycle among Rats
Aliakbar Azadi Morteza Zendehdel Jahangir Kaboutari Negar Panahi Ahmad AsghariBackground & Aim: Catamenial epilepsy is a special form of epilepsy in women whom seizure aggravation is arranged with menstrual cycle that may affect up to 70 % of epileptic women. According to earlier studies, the role of neuropeptide Phoenixin (PNX) in the r MoreBackground & Aim: Catamenial epilepsy is a special form of epilepsy in women whom seizure aggravation is arranged with menstrual cycle that may affect up to 70 % of epileptic women. According to earlier studies, the role of neuropeptide Phoenixin (PNX) in the reproductive system has been observed and its antiepileptic effects have been proven. It also appears that the GABAergic system plays an important role in inhibition of seizures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the central effects of PNX and muscimol (GABA-A receptor agonist) on Pentylenetetrazol (PNT)-induced seizures during various stages of the estrous cycle among rats.Materials and Methods: In this study, 120 adult female rats were randomly divided into five groups, including intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of normal saline, PNX (5 μg), PNX (10 μg), muscimol (0.1 μg)+ PNX (5 μg) and muscimol (0.1 μg)+ PNX (10 μg), in proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus. After ICV injections, acute epilepsy was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 80 mg/kg of pentylentetrazole. Initiation time of myoclonic seizures (ITMS) and initiation time of tonic–clonic seizures (ITTS) were monitored and recorded for 30 min.Results: The results of the present study showed that PNX alone increased both ITMS and ITTS in all phases of estrus (p<0.05). Furthermore, the injection of PNX with muscimol significantly reinforced the effects of the PNX on ITMS and ITTS in all estrus stages (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that the antiepileptic activity of PNX was probably mediated by GABA-A receptors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Protective effect of nano magnesium oxide on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury on serum factors in male Wistar rats
Marzieh Minaei اکرم عیدی Pejman Mortazavi Ahmad AsghariBackground & Aim: In recent years, nanotechnology has produced new forms of materials that are more effective than their predecessors. Magnesium plays a key role in many biological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nano magnesium oxide ( MoreBackground & Aim: In recent years, nanotechnology has produced new forms of materials that are more effective than their predecessors. Magnesium plays a key role in many biological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nano magnesium oxide (Nano-MgO) on renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) as a common complication of renal vascular surgery or renal transplantation in a male rat model. Materials & Methods: In this study, Induction of I/R injury was done through clamping left renal pedicle for 20 min. Animals were administrated with Nano-MgO (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) for 30 days by gavage and then blood samples were collected and changes in serum albumin, total protein, urea and creatinine were examined and the data were statistically analyzed (p <0.05). Results: Our findings showed that Nano-MgO administration to renal I/R injury rats significantly attenuates serum creatinine and urea levels. Also, administration of Nano-MgO increased serum albumin and total protein levels. Conclusion: The Nano-MgO administration preserves renal function and As a potent vasodilator, Nano-MgO may have been able to reduce kidney damage following ischemia-reperfusion induction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - اثر حفاظتی عصاره هیدرو الکلی اسفناج بر آزمون های عملکردی و تغییرات بافتی کبد در موش های صحرایی نر بالغ تحت تیمار با فلوکستین
مریم هلالی مهرداد شریعتی -
Open Access Article
60 - Investing effect of Malva , Thymus , Viola and Pinus, Extracts on Candida Glabrata in the In vitro and Animal model.
Seyedeh maryam Moosavinejad shahrzad Nasiri Semnani Rasol Shikri Reza ShapouriInroduction & Objective:The skin infected wound and wounds caused by burn are very epidemic in society, and these kind wounds rate treatment in effective to alleviate the patint, applying the herbal drugs with less complications to treat the wounds. Considering this MoreInroduction & Objective:The skin infected wound and wounds caused by burn are very epidemic in society, and these kind wounds rate treatment in effective to alleviate the patint, applying the herbal drugs with less complications to treat the wounds. Considering this significance , surveying Investing effect of Malva , Thymus , Viola and Pinus, Extracts on Candida Glabrata in the In vitro and Animal model. Material and Method:In this study, hydroalcholic extracts of Malva , Thymus , Viola and Pinus were prepared in the laboratory. Then, the MIC and MLC of the extract were determined by dilution method in the broth. In the study of the animal model, the bacteria were first inoculated with a concentration of (5×106CFU/ML) to the wound site on Syrian mice. After 24 hours, an ointment prepared with MLC concentration was prepared from extracts was used to treat burns and infections withCandida Glabrata. In the animal model, the extracts of have antimicrobial activity against growth of Candida Glabrata. Results: In this study, The MIC and MLC of the extracts model, the microbia were first inoculated with a concentration of (5×106CFU/ML) to the wound site on Syrian mice. After 24 hours, an ointment prepared with MBC concentration was prepared from extracts of the nettle, watercress and burdock root for 1 g of silver sulfadiazine and was used to treat burns and infections with Candida Glabrata. In the animal model, the extracts antimicrobial activity against growth of Candida Glabrata.In this case, the extract of Pinus and Viola have growth inhibitory Candida Glabrata activity stronger than Malva , Thymus extract. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the extract of these 4 plants on an animal model has antimicrobial and healing effects on Candida Glabrata. It can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent orointment microbia to be raised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - The effect of selenium nanoparticles on DNA oxidative damage, oxidative stress parameters and ovarian tissue structure in an animal model of polycystic ovary syndrome
Mohammad Amin Edalatmanesh Samaneh RafieiPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with hormonal-metabolic disorders, oxidative stress and ovulation disorders. The present study evaluated the effect of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and ovarian tissue structure and o MorePolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with hormonal-metabolic disorders, oxidative stress and ovulation disorders. The present study evaluated the effect of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and ovarian tissue structure and oxidative DNA damage in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) model. 32 female Wistar rats were divided into 4 control groups, PCOS, PCOS+SeNPs0.1 and PCOS+SeNPs0.1. Polycystic ovary syndrome was induced by a single intramuscular injection of estradiol valerate (4 mg/kg) and SeNPs with doses of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg were administered orally for 14 days. At the end, the tissue level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzymes, content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the ovarian tissue was measured by ELISA technique and the ovarian tissue structure was examined histopathologically. A significant decrease in the number of follicular cysts, 8-OHdG and MDA levels along with a significant increase in tissue levels of SOD and CAT enzymes were seen in the SeNPs treatment groups compared to the PCOS group. In fact, SeNPs with antioxidant function improved ovarian tissue structure in polycystic ovary syndrome model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - The effect of zinc-methionine supplementation on antioxidant status and expression of interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 genes in female rats under heat stress
Matin Jamei Ali Asghar Sadeghi Mohammad ChamaniIntroduction:During heat stress, the animal body requires more antioxidant compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Zinc plays a role in the structure and activity of antioxidant enzymes. One of the ways to supply the zinc requirement, is to use organic zinc suppl MoreIntroduction:During heat stress, the animal body requires more antioxidant compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Zinc plays a role in the structure and activity of antioxidant enzymes. One of the ways to supply the zinc requirement, is to use organic zinc supplements, which zinc combined with methionine, and have more intestinal absorption Aim: This study was done to evaluate the effects of different doses of zinc-methionine supplementation on the blood antioxidant status and the expression of interleukin 4 and 6 genes in rats exposed to heat stress.Materials and methods: In a completely random design, 20 female rats were divided into four treatment groups with five replicates. Rats were kept at a temperature of 31±2 °C for 20 hours and at a temperature of 38±2 °C for 4 hours per day (to create heat stress). The rats in the control group were fed standard pellets without additives, and the three experimental groups were fed standard pellets plus 15, 30 and 45 mg zinc-methionine supplement per kilogram of dry matter for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, a blood sample was collected from the inferior vena cava. Total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde concentration, antioxidant enzymes, liver enzymes in the serum and the expression of interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 genes were measured.Results: Serum zinc concentration increased linearly with increasing zinc dose in the diet (P<0.05). The serum activity of two enzymes, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase decreased linearly with increasing zinc-methionine dose in the diet (P<0.01). The highest activity of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase was observed in the group receiving 30 mg/kg, and the lowest activity of these enzymes was observed in the control group. In general, the relative expression of the interleukin-4 gene was increased, and the relative expression of the interleukin-6 gene was decreased (P<0.05). The highest expression of interleukin-4 gene belonged to the group receiving 30 mg, and the highest relative expression of interleukin-6 gene belonged to the control group and the group receiving 15 mg/kg.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the dose of up to 30 mg of zinc-methionine per kg of diet used in this study increases the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, decreases the activity of liver enzymes in the serum, increases the expression of the anti-inflammatory gene (Interleukin-4) and decreases the expression of inflammatory gene (Interleukin-6), which indicates the reduction of oxidative stress and the reduction of the effects of heat stress in the body of the rat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Effects of Acute Motor Restraint Stress on the Expression of Znt1, Znt2, Znt3, and Znt4 Genes Expression in Hippocampus of Male Rats
Maede Nilechi Akram Eidi Hamid Galehdari Mahnaz KesmatiStress is mentioned as a common problem in daily life. Disrupting the homeostasis of metal elements such as zinc in the central nervous system, stress causes diseases or dysfunction of various tissues. Zinc plays an important role in the function of vital organs, especi MoreStress is mentioned as a common problem in daily life. Disrupting the homeostasis of metal elements such as zinc in the central nervous system, stress causes diseases or dysfunction of various tissues. Zinc plays an important role in the function of vital organs, especially the central nervous system. Disorders of zinc homeostasis in turn lead to the development or progression of diseases such as Alzheimer's, depression, learning disabilities, and ischemia. Zinc transporters (ZnT) and ZIP proteins maintain Zinc homeostasis in the live organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acute motor restraint stress on the expression of Znt1, Znt2, Znt3, and Znt4 genes in the hippocampus of rats as one of the tissues with high zinc density. Adult male rats were divided into groups of control and stress. RNA was extracted from hippocampal tissue and changes in the expression of Znt1, Znt2, Znt3 and Znt4 genes were monitored by real-time PCR. The results showed that due to stress induction, Znt1 gene expression increased significantly and no significant changes were observed in the expression of other studied genes. Identifying those zinc transporter genes that are altered by stress can make it possible to find a cure for stress by regulating zinc levels in the body through Zinc-containing drugs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Effect of Equaisetum arvense L. aerial parts of ethanolic extract on prevention of calcium oxalate crystals in kidney of male Wistar rats
alireza sadeghipour ali mazoojiUrolithiasis is a worldwide problem, sparing no geographical, cultural, or racial groups. Kidney stones are composed of inorganic and organic crystals amalgamated with proteins. Crystallisation and subsequent lithogenesis can happen with many solutes in the urine. Calca MoreUrolithiasis is a worldwide problem, sparing no geographical, cultural, or racial groups. Kidney stones are composed of inorganic and organic crystals amalgamated with proteins. Crystallisation and subsequent lithogenesis can happen with many solutes in the urine. Calcareous stones are still by far the most common nephroliths accounting for more than 80% of stones. In Iranian folk medicine, many plants are used for treatment of kidney stones. In the present study, effect of Equaisetum arvense L. aerial parts hydro-alcoholic extract on calcium oxalate crystallization was studied in male rats. At first, hydro-alcoholic extract of plant at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg were prepared. Crystallization of calcium oxalate was induced by adding ammonium chloride and ethylene glycol in drinking water for 3 and 38 days, respectively. Control group was treated by drinking water. Experimental groups were treated by plant extract at doses 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg for 41 days, interperitoneally. After 41 days, animals were anesthetized by ether and left kidneys removed and put them in buffered formaldehyde. Specimens were prepared for histological studies and stained by H&E staining method. Results showed that treatment of extract decreased number of crystals in kidney sections of experimental animals in comparison with control group. Also, administration of plant extract decreased tubule-interstitial damages in treated animals. So, the plant could prevent formation of calcium oxalate crystals in kidney. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Effect of L-carnitine on Serum LH, FSH and Testosterone Levels in Adult Male Rats
mohammad miveh chi ali anisianL-carnitine is an essential nutrient. It has vitamin-like qualities and it is considered essential in helping to transport fatty acids into mitochondria. The benefit effect of L-carnitine is proposed for treatment of obesity as long time periods. L-carnitine has a benef MoreL-carnitine is an essential nutrient. It has vitamin-like qualities and it is considered essential in helping to transport fatty acids into mitochondria. The benefit effect of L-carnitine is proposed for treatment of obesity as long time periods. L-carnitine has a beneficial impact on fertility. Its androgenic activity may by increasing testosterone level that promotes spermatogenic activity. So, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation of L-carnitine on serum FSH, LH and testosterone levels in adult male rats. Rats were treated different doses of L-carnitine tartarate daily for 16 days, interperitoneally. The control group was treated saline as vehicle. After 16 days, animals were anesthetized with ether and blood specimens were obtained from heart. Serum FSH, LH and testosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay. The results showed that L-carnitine increased serum FSH, LH and testosterone levels in treated animals, significantly. The present study indicated that L-carnitine could effect on sex hormones and reproduction system and also could be an appropriate candidate for improving male reproductive function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Effect of carvacrol on the expression of IL-10, FOX-P3, IL-4 and TGF-β genes in the spinal cord of rats model of Multiple Sclerosis
Mahdie Ahmadi Akram Eidi Hassan Ahmadvand Mojtaba Khaksarian Fattah SotoodehnejadnematalahiMultiple sclerosis is a common neurological disorder that is characterized by inflammation, axonal destruction, and atrophy of the central nervous system. Carvacrol is a valuable phytoestrogenic compound that has been shown thus far to be effective reducing inflammation MoreMultiple sclerosis is a common neurological disorder that is characterized by inflammation, axonal destruction, and atrophy of the central nervous system. Carvacrol is a valuable phytoestrogenic compound that has been shown thus far to be effective reducing inflammation and protecting neurons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carvacrol on the expression of IL-10 FOX-P3, IL-4, and TGF-β genes in the spinal cord of EAE (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis) rats as an animal model of MS. EAE was induced in female Lewis rats and they then were divided into three groups: control, EAE model, and EAE treated with carvacrol. Carvacrol was injected daily intraperitoneally from days 12 to 29 after immunization. RNA was extracted from rat spinal cord tissue and changes in the expression of the IL-10, FOX-P3, IL-4, and TGF-β genes were examined by real-time PCR.The results showed induction of the MS experimental model in the Lewis rats decreased expression of the IL-10, IL-4, and TGF anti-inflammatory genes in spinal cord of rats. Treatment of EAE rats with carvacrol significantly increased IL-10 gene expression(p < 0.001), but showed no positive effect on the expression of the other two genes. The expression of the FOX-P3 gene in the model group increased significantly(p < 0.001), but this decreased after carvacrol treatment. With the effect of carvacrol on increasing IL-10 gene expression, reduce local inflammation and increase debris clearance, converts the invasive environment created for neurons into a safe environment and triggers remyelination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The Effect of Tilia platyphyllos extract on Varicocele-Induced Testicular Sperm Parameters in Adult Male Wistar Rats
reyhaneh mohebali Akram Eidi pejman Mortazavi mohamad amin edalatmaneshAbstractThe reproductive system of men with varicocele is affected by the negative effects of oxidative stress on the testicles. In traditional medicine, the linden (Tilia platyphyllos L.) is used as a medicine to treat stomach ulcers, spasms and sedatives. Chemical com MoreAbstractThe reproductive system of men with varicocele is affected by the negative effects of oxidative stress on the testicles. In traditional medicine, the linden (Tilia platyphyllos L.) is used as a medicine to treat stomach ulcers, spasms and sedatives. Chemical compounds such as terpenoids and flavonoids have been identified in the linden. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of linden extract on testicular pathology of healthy and varicocele rats. In this study, 48 rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: Healthy control, healthy groups receiving linden extract (50, 100 and 200 mg / kg intragastrically, daily) alone, Infertile control (varicocele surgery), varicocele groups together with linden extract (50, 100 and 200 mg / kg intragastrically, daily). After 60 days, sperm analysis was performed and data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.Our results showed that sperm analysis was significantly decreased in infertile control animals compared to the normal control group. linden treatment prevented sperm changes and caused a significant increase in sperm parameters of infertile animals and decreased varicocele damage and protected the natural structure of the testis. Our results suggest that linden acts as a potent antioxidant against varicocele-induced damage in the rat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Effect ofand as probiotic on decreased absorption of cadmium in rat
M. Majlesi Shekarforoush S.S. Shekarforoush S.S. H.R. Ghaisari S. Nazifi J. Sajedianfard Cadmium is a wide-spread heavy metal that causes a wide range of health problems in animals and humans. Many reports showed the biosorption of heavy metals by bacteria. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potency of probiotics bacteria of Lactobacil More Cadmium is a wide-spread heavy metal that causes a wide range of health problems in animals and humans. Many reports showed the biosorption of heavy metals by bacteria. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potency of probiotics bacteria of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus coagulans against cadmium adsorption in rats. Twenty four male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups. Cadmium treated groups received 1 ml of 100 µg/ml CdCl2 and probiotics groups were administrated 1 ml of (109 CFU/ml) of probiotics during 24 days by special gavage needle once daily. Levels of cadmium were determined by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Probiotics B. coagulans and L. plantarum caused 29.8% and 19.3% increasing in removal of cadmium through defecation and decreased 10.9 and 21.5 % of cadmium accumulation in kidney of Wistar rats. The results showed that oral administration of both probiotics offered a significant protective effect against cadmium adsorption in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The effect of cold argon plasma in atmospheric pressure on increasing blood coagulation speed and full-thickness cutaneous wound healing in rats
mahsa Ale-Ebrahim Elham Janani Pejman MortazaviIn recent years, cold plasma in atmospheric pressure is used as a promising new therapeutic strategy in medicine for cessation of bleeding and skin wound healing. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the histopathological effect of cold argon plasma in atmospher MoreIn recent years, cold plasma in atmospheric pressure is used as a promising new therapeutic strategy in medicine for cessation of bleeding and skin wound healing. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the histopathological effect of cold argon plasma in atmospheric pressure on full-thickness cutaneous wound healing and increasing the speed of blood coagulation in rats. Forty-eight mature male rats were divided into two control and treatment groups. Under anesthesia, a 15 mm diameter skin wound was created on the back of the rats and blood coagulation time was measured. In treatment group immediately after the injury, the skin of rats was radiated by plasma once for 30 seconds and simultaneously blood coagulation time was measured. Then, control and treatment group rats were euthanized by ether at 0, 7 and 21 days after the injury respectively. The wound and surrounding healthy skin were removed and after hematoxylin-eosine staining, histopathological examination with light microscope was performed. Plasma radiation increased the speed of blood coagulation in skin wounds under in vivo conditions. Based on histopathological results, the process of full thickness cutaneous wound healing was significantly (p<0.05) better in plasma treated rats. Therefore, cold argon plasma can be used to increase the speed of blood coagulation and improve cutaneous wound healing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The effect of a single dose of crack used by Iranian drug addicts on phagocytosis response of neutrophils in Rats
mahsa Fatollahzadeh bahram amouoghli tabriziNowadays, one of the main problems of human societies is the use of narcotics such as crack. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a single dose of crack on neutrophil phagocytosis in rats. For this purpose, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated i MoreNowadays, one of the main problems of human societies is the use of narcotics such as crack. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a single dose of crack on neutrophil phagocytosis in rats. For this purpose, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 5 groups of 6 rats and kept in glass aquariums with 12 hours of light and darkness, same feeding conditions and free access to water. After acclimitisation to the new environment, intraperitoneal crack was injected with a dose of 7.8 mg/kg in four treatment groups. Under ether anesthesia, blood samples were collected from the tail vein after 3, 6, 24 hours and a week after crack injection in the treatment groups respectively and on the first day of the study in the control group. The strength of neutrophil phagocytosis was estimated after adjacency with yeast. A significant decrease in white blood cells was observed 3 and 6 hours after crack injection while significant decrease of neutrophils and increase of lymphocytes was seen 3, 6 and 24 hours following crack injection (p<0/05).The strength of neutrophil phagocytosis was also significantly decreased after three and six hours of injection (p<0/05) which could be attributed to the effects of crack on tissue migration of neutrophils, decreased life span of neutrophils or increased production of free radicals. Therefore, the use of crack can pave the way for creationof infection by decreasingthe number of white blood cells and strength of neutrophil phagocytosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Effect of vitamin E in prevention of lipopolysaccharide induced fetal injuries in the rat
hosein mohammadzadeh masoud delashoub mansoor khakpoorLipopolysaccharides (LPS) are one of the most important factors in the formation of embryonic damages. These damages include intra-uterine growth retardation, intra-uterine fetal death, embryonic absorption and preterm birth and are associated with oxidative stress caus MoreLipopolysaccharides (LPS) are one of the most important factors in the formation of embryonic damages. These damages include intra-uterine growth retardation, intra-uterine fetal death, embryonic absorption and preterm birth and are associated with oxidative stress caused by lipopolysaccharides. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of vitamin E on lipopolysaccharide induced fetal damages in the rat. In this study, 48 pregnant rats were selected and allocated to 4 groups. In groups 1 and 2, 75 µgr/kg of lipopolysaccharides were injected intraperitoneally on day 15 to 17 of pregnancy. A week before administration of lipopolysaccharides to rats of groups 2 and 3, they received 20 mg/kg of intramuscular vitamin E daily. Group 4 received normal saline intraperitoneally as a control group. In day 18 of pregnancy all mice were euthanized. In each animal, the number of live and dead embryos were counted. Then the live fetuses were weighed and the length of crown–rump, metacarpus, metatarsus, anterior phalanges, posterior phalanges and sternum were determined. In addition, the amounts of malondialdehyde and glutathione were measured in maternal and embryonic liver and placenta. Administration of lipopolysaccharides significantly increased fetal mortality and reduced fetal weight, length of the tail and crown–rump, live embryos and skeletal ossification of the metacarpus, metatarsus, anterior and posterior phalanges and sternum. Results showed that simultaneous administration of vitamin E and lipopolysaccharides reduced damages and improved respective injuries in mice embryos. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - A comparative study of histopathological effects of aqueous extract of cinnamon and honey with sulfadiazine on skin burn wound healing in rats infected with Pseudomonas aeuroginosa
Mohammadreza Valilou Sevda ValilouPseudomonas aeruginosa, a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen, is the most common infective agent of burn wounds. The aim of this study was to compare the histopathological effect of a mixture of aqueous extract of cinnamon and honey with silver sulfadiazine on the healin MorePseudomonas aeruginosa, a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen, is the most common infective agent of burn wounds. The aim of this study was to compare the histopathological effect of a mixture of aqueous extract of cinnamon and honey with silver sulfadiazine on the healing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected second grade skin burn wounds in rats. To this end, 60 male rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups (15 rats in each group). After inducing anesthesia, second grade burn wound with the diameter of 12 mm was created in the dorsal region of rats. Then, 1.5×108 cfu/ml P. aeruginosa PA01was equally bestrewed on the wound of all rats. Every 12 hours, silver sulfadiazine (group 1), honey (group 2) and aqueous extract of cinnamon and honey (group 3) were applied to the wounds and group 4 was kept as control. On days 7, 14, and 21, five rats were selected from each group at each time point and after inducing anesthesia and measuring the diameter of the wound by coliseum, microbial and histopathological samples were taken from the wounds. Microbial studies showed that in all groups except the control group, the growth of the microbe was stopped. Histopathological observations regarding wound healing and diameter showed that there was a significant difference between treatment groups and the control group on days 7, 14 and 21 (p<0.05). On the 21st day, the extract of cinnamon and honey group had superior wound healing than silver sulfadiazine group but inferior in comparison to honey. According to the results btained, it is possible to utilize honey and mixture of aqueous extract of cinnamon and honey for treatment of infected skin burn wounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Evaluation of cardiac injury biomarkers of serum in alloxan induced diabetic rats
Yaghoub Haji-Sadeghi majid fartashvandDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and its incidence is considered to be high all over the world. It causes increase in blood glucose levels and subsequent damage to various tissues and blood vessels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate cardiac injury bi MoreDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and its incidence is considered to be high all over the world. It causes increase in blood glucose levels and subsequent damage to various tissues and blood vessels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate cardiac injury biomarkers of serum in rats with experimental diabetes. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups including healthy control and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced with a single injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg IP). Four weeks after induction of diabetes, levels of cTnI (cardiac troponin I), AST (Aspartate aminotransferase), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and CK-MB (keratin kinase) were measured in serum. At the end of the experiment, mean blood sugar levels were 263.1 ± 36 and 96.7 ± 12 mg/dl in diabetic and control groups respectively that reveals a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.000). Serum cTnI level in diabetic rats was significantly higher than healthy control group (p=0.002). Other cardiac biomarkers of serum in experimentally induced diabetic rats were significantly higher than control group. There were significant correlation between blood glucose levels and serum cTnI (r=0.685; p=0.010), and with serum activities of enzymes, including AST (r=0.862; p=0.000), LDH (r=0.760; p=0.008) and CK-MB (r=0.590; p=0.014). In conclusion, elevated level of serum cTnI and enzyme activities in diabetic rats in comparison to the control group suggests some degree of cardiac muscle damages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Protective effects of nettle (Urtica dioica) extract against acute kidney injury induced by gentamycin in the rat
mahdieh hajjavadi akram eidi سید پژمان MortazaviAminoglycosides are often used in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics and have a rapid bactericidal effect, are available at an affordable cost and have less incidence of resistance, making them a drug of choice for treatment of several life-threatening infections. MoreAminoglycosides are often used in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics and have a rapid bactericidal effect, are available at an affordable cost and have less incidence of resistance, making them a drug of choice for treatment of several life-threatening infections. However, the nephrotoxic effects of aminoglycosides prevent their long term use. The use of herbal extracts in order to decrease injuries of injurious materials has long been considered. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the protective effects of nettle (Urtica dioica) extract against gentamicin induced kidney injuries in the rat. Forty five male Wistar rats were divided into 9 groups consisting of: 1-healthy control group, 2- negative control group that received tween 20 (extract solvent), 3- patient control group which received onlygentamicin at 100 mg/kg, experimental healthy groups 4-6 which received nettle extract at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg and patient experimental groups 7-9 which received nettle extract along with gentamicin at 100 mg/kg. At the end of the experiment (28 days), blood samples were obtained, and the kidneys were removed for histopathologic investigations. The results showed that gentamicin alone induced renal tissue damage and significantly increased the serum levels of creatinine and urea (p<0.05). However, administration of nettle extract accompanied with gentamicin decreased these markers significantly (p<0.05). Also histologic results indicated improvement of renal tissue structures during treatment with nettle extract. It is concluded that nettle could ameliorate nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Study on the effects of ethanolic extract of broccoli on oxidative stress induced by acetaminophen in rat kidney
Hossein Jeddi داریوش مهاجریAcetaminophen overdose causes kidney injury. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Brassica oleracea L. var. italica against acetaminophen -induced damage in rat kidney. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 MoreAcetaminophen overdose causes kidney injury. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Brassica oleracea L. var. italica against acetaminophen -induced damage in rat kidney. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 8 animals each. Groups I (control) and II received intraperitoneal injections of normal saline (10 ml/kg) and ethanolic extract of broccoli (200 mg/kg) every other day for 14 days. Group Ш received a single intraperitoneal injection of acetaminophen (750 mg/kg). Group IV received ethanolic extract of broccoli similar to group Ш after administration of a single intraperitoneal injection of acetaminophen (750 mg/kg). At the end of experiment, serum levels of urea, uric acid and creatinine were assessed. Moreover, histopathological observations were also conducted to assess the degree of renal tissue injury. Product of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were assayed in kidney homogenates. In acetaminophen-treated rats, ethanolic extract of broccoli significantly decreased serum urea, uric acid and creatinine and renal tissue peroxidation levels and elevated the values of anti-oxidants. Histopathologically, ethanolic extract of broccoli ameliorated acetaminophen-induced kidney injury. The results of this study indicated that ethanolic extract of broccoli exerts a protective effect against acetaminophen induced renotoxicity in rats which might be related to its anti-oxidant potential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Brasscia rapa. L root on methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in the rat
Saeed Khodadad داریوش مهاجری Ramin Kaffashi ElahiMethotrexate as an anticancer drug is hepatotoxic at high doses. It has been proven that oxidative stress is involved in methotrexate induced toxicity. Because of antioxidant potential of Brassica rapa. L root, this study was undertaken to examine the protective effect MoreMethotrexate as an anticancer drug is hepatotoxic at high doses. It has been proven that oxidative stress is involved in methotrexate induced toxicity. Because of antioxidant potential of Brassica rapa. L root, this study was undertaken to examine the protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Brasscia rapa L. (BR) root on methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. For this purpose, forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups. Group 1 was used as control; groups 2 and 4 were orally treated with BR root extract (200 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days. Groups 3 and 4 received a single intraperitoneal dose of methotrexate (20 mg/kg) on the 10th day of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, serumic levels of AST and ALT, ALP and total bilirubin, albumin and total proteins were assessed. Malondialdehyde and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were assayed in liver homogenates. Tissue sections were prepared from the liver and finally, the biochemical findings were compared with histopathological results. In group 4, BR root extract significantly (p<0.05) decreased the levels of serum biomarkers of hepatic injury and total bilirubin, and significantly increased the levels of serum albumin and total proteins (p<0.05). Also BR root extract significantly (p<0.05) decreased the lipid peroxidation and elevated the decreased values of hepatic antioxidants in this group. Histopathologic changes including degeneration, inflammation and necrosis were in agreement with biochemical findings. The results indicated that BR root extract, because of its antioxidant potential, exerts a protective effect against methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Protective effect of nano selenium on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in male rats
Farzaneh Sadeghmanesh Akram Eidi Pejman Mortazavi Shahrbanoo OryanSelenium is an important element in nutrition and an essential part of several proteins with catalytic and structural properties. Selenium nanoparticles have a higher effect and less toxicity than conventional selenium. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the stron MoreSelenium is an important element in nutrition and an essential part of several proteins with catalytic and structural properties. Selenium nanoparticles have a higher effect and less toxicity than conventional selenium. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the strong role of nano-selenium in protecting against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in a male rat model. In this study, I/R damage was caused by closing the left renal artery for 20 minutes. 54 rats were randomly divided into 9 healthy control groups, Sham, three healthy experimental groups receiving selenium nanoparticle at doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg alone, I/R control and three groups of I/R mice receiving selenium nanoparticle at doses above, were divided (n=6). Thirty days after administration, animals were sacrificed for biochemical and histopathological evaluation and the data were statistically analyzed (p˂0.05). Selenium nanoparticle in I/R groups significantly decreased serum urea and creatinine levels (p˂0.001) and significantly increased the antioxidant parameters of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde (p˂0.001) to 0/1. I/R and repair of renal histological damage (p˂0.001). This study showed that selenium nanoparticle has protective effects against damage caused by renal ischemic reperfusion, and this protective effect can be due to its antioxidant properties in improving damage caused by free radicals in the ischemic reperfusion process, thereby improving the structure of kidney’s tissue and reduce oxidative stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Effects of Apium graveolens extract on serum calcium and oxalate in ethylene glycol- induced kidney injury in male Wistar rats
Parisa Mehrparvar Akram Eidi Pejman Mortazavi Shahrbanoo OryanCelery (Apium graveolens) is a biennial plant, belonging to family Apiaceae. Various parts of celeryare used in hepatic and spleen disorders, brain disorders, body pain, and sleep disturbances. The present study was planned to investigate the effect of celery ethanolic MoreCelery (Apium graveolens) is a biennial plant, belonging to family Apiaceae. Various parts of celeryare used in hepatic and spleen disorders, brain disorders, body pain, and sleep disturbances. The present study was planned to investigate the effect of celery ethanolic extract on ethylene glycol induced kidney injury in male Wistar rats. Urolithiasis was induced in hyperoxaluric rat model by giving 0.75% ethylene glycol for 28 days. Animals were divided into 8 groups (n=6) including normal control, urolithiatic control (0.75% ethylene glycol in their drinking water), normal rats receiving celery extract at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg and urolithiatic rats receiving celery extract at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg intragastrically. At the end of the experiment (28 days), blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and serum calcium and oxalate was analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey post hoc test (p<0.05). Significant elevation of serum oxalate and reduction of serum calcium was observed in urolithiatic control rats compared with the normal control rats. Administration of celery extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg produced significant elevation in serum calcium and reduction in serum oxalate in urolithiatic rats. Thus, celery extract could ameliorate urolithiasis induced by ethylene glycol. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Effect of ginseng hydro-alcoholic extract along with aerobic exercise on antioxidant levels and inflammatory factors of cardiac tissue in male rat model of endocarditis caused by Listeria Monocytogenes (ATCC: 19114)
Seyed Zanyar Athari Younes Anzabi Zahra Karamouz Mir Alireza NourazarEndocarditis is a rare but serious infection following listeriosis. Ginseng extract has immunomodulatory effects. Regular exercise reduces the risk of chronic metabolic and cardiopulmonary diseases through its anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the MoreEndocarditis is a rare but serious infection following listeriosis. Ginseng extract has immunomodulatory effects. Regular exercise reduces the risk of chronic metabolic and cardiopulmonary diseases through its anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ginseng extract against experimental endocarditis with Listeria monocytogenes in rats and the effect of aerobic exercise on improving its antimicrobial properties. For this purpose, 36 rats weighing 250±20 gr were randomly divided into six groups of 6, including sham, patient (receiving bacterial suspension), ampicillin treatment (15 mg/kg, s.c. for one month), ginseng treatment (0.025 mg/kg, i.p. for one month), aerobic exercise (60% of maximal oxygen consumption for one month) and ginseng+exercise (treated similarly to ginseng treatment and aerobic exercise groups). At the end of the study and after sacrifice, the levels of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), and Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), as well as the concentration of cardiac tissue cytokines including Interleukine-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, were measured. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test, and the significance level was considered as p<0.05. Tissue levels of antioxidants were significantly reduced in the patient group, while their levels were significantly increased in the ginseng+exercise group (p<0.05). On the other hand, tissue levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α increased in the patient group, while their levels decreased significantly in the ginseng+exercise group (p<0.05). This study showed that hydro-alcoholic extract of ginseng along with aerobic exercise has a better effect than either of them alone against experimental endocarditis caused by listeria monocytogenesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Biochemical effects of olive leaf extract in ovariectomized rats
M.R. Nasirzadeh jafar rahmani kahnamoeiEstrogen depletion in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized animals causes abnormalities in lipid metabolism, weight gain and fat accumulation in non-adipose tissues such as liver. On the other hand, estrogen replacement therapy may cause side effects including breast MoreEstrogen depletion in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized animals causes abnormalities in lipid metabolism, weight gain and fat accumulation in non-adipose tissues such as liver. On the other hand, estrogen replacement therapy may cause side effects including breast cancer. Olive leaf is a significant source of bioactive phenolic compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging capacity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Olive Leaf Extract (OLE) on liver enzymes, serum lipid profileand atherogenic index. For this purpose, 21 female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups: 1- control (intact animals), 2- ovariectomized: OVX ( ovaries removed by surgery) and 3- treatment group (OVX+received OLE) Which received 100 mg/kg OLE in 0.5 ml drinking water using gavage for 8 weeks. At the end of the treatment, levels of liver enzymes and serum lipid profiles were measured. Body weight was increased significantly in OVX group in comparison to control group (pp</em>˂0.05).This study showed that oral administration of 100 mg/kg/day of OLE for 8 weeks can prevent increase of lipid profile, liver enzymes and atherogenic index in serum of ovariectomized rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) ethanolic extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Fatemeh Shirinabadi Farahani Akram Eidi Pejman Mortazavi Ali Haeri RohaniFenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum)has long been considered in traditional medicine due to its botanical and medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of fenugreek seed extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic MoreFenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum)has long been considered in traditional medicine due to its botanical and medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of fenugreek seed extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. A total of 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups. The normal control group was intact. The liver-injury control group received intraperitoneal injection of 50% CCl4 (1 ml/kg) twice a week for a total of 10 times. Normal experimental groups received fenugreek extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg intragastrically). Liver-injury experimental groups were administrated fenugreek extract (3 doses as above) along with CCl4. The rats were sacrificed on the 34th day, blood was withdrawn by cardiac puncture and the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT were measured. Administration of CCl4 significantly increased the levels of liver enzymes in the liver-injury control group in comparison to normal control (p < /em><0.001). Administration of fenugreek extract showed a significant tendency towards normalization of all measured biochemical parameters in CCl4-treated rats. These results demonstrate that fenugreek extract exerts protective effects against CCl4-induced damage in rat liver, and supports a potential therapeutic use of fenugreek as an alternative for patients with liver diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Effects of Simvastatin on Gentamicin-induced kidney injury in rats
Zahra Baniasadi Rad Akram Eidi Pejman Mortazavi Ali Haeri RohaniConsumption of gentamicin causes damage to cochlear part of ear and reversible kidney toxicity. Various compounds such as simvastatin have been suggested to reduce the side effects of gentamicin. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of simvastatin i MoreConsumption of gentamicin causes damage to cochlear part of ear and reversible kidney toxicity. Various compounds such as simvastatin have been suggested to reduce the side effects of gentamicin. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of simvastatin in decreasing kidney damage due to gentamicin consumption in male Wistar rats. For this purpose, the rats were administrated simvastatin (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg daily) through gavage for 30 days. At the same time, they received gentamicin (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The serumic levels of uric acid, sodium, potassium, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatinine, and albumin were measured and statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test. Significance was defined as p < /em>>0.05. Significant increase of creatinine (p < /em>>0.01), urea (p < /em>>0.001), BUN (p < /em>>0.001), and uric acid (p < /em>>0.001) and significant decrease of albumin (p < /em>>0.01) and sodium (p < /em>>0.01) was observed in the gentamicin-induced renal damage group in comparison to the normal control group. Treatment with simvastatin (20 mg/kg) in the animals suffering from kidney damage caused significant decrease of creatinine (p < /em>>0.01), urea (p < /em>>0.01), BUN (p < /em>>0.001) and uric acid levels (p < /em>>0.001) and significant increase in albumin (p < /em>>0.05) and sodium levels (p < /em>>0.01). The results of the present research indicate that simvastatin could improve kidney damage due to consumption of gentamicin in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Protective effect of Descurainia sophia ethanolic extract on antioxidant enzyme levels in carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage of Wistar rats
Mahboubeh Mahlouji Akram Eidi Pejman Mortazavi Shahrbanoo OryanVarious studies have shown the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of Descorainia sophia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective ability of Descorainia sophia ethanolic extract in liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in male Wistar MoreVarious studies have shown the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of Descorainia sophia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective ability of Descorainia sophia ethanolic extract in liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in male Wistar rats. In this experimental study, 60 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 10 groups of 6 consisting of normal control, intoxified control (intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml/kg of carbon tetrachloride), normal experimental (Descorainia sophia ethanolic extract at doses of 10, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg via intragastric gavage) and intoxified experimental (intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml/kg of carbon tetrachloride and Descorainia sophia ethanolic extract at doses of 10, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg via intragastric gavage). After 28 days, the levels of antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and level of malondialdehyde in liver homogenate were evaluated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test with statistical significance defined as p<0.05. Our results showed that administration of carbon tetrachloride significantly decreased the levels of antioxidant enzymes and increased the level of malondialdehyde in the intoxified control group in comparison to normal control group (p<0.001). Also, the administration of Descorainia sophia ethanolic extract significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes and decreased the level of malondialdehyde in the liver of intoxified experimental groups in comparison with the intoxified control group (p<0.05) in a dose dependent manner. The results of the study indicated that Descorainia sophia removes free radicals and reduces oxidative stress caused by carbon tetrachloride in hepatic tissue of rats probably due to its flavonoid compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Effect of Beta asarone on concentration of TNF-α in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
Golshid Saki Akram Eidi Pejman Mortazavi Akbar Vahdati Negar PanahiBeta asarone which is the major component of Acorus tatarinowii Schott, can pass through the blood-brain-barrier and affect the central nervous system. In the present study, effect of beta asarone on TNF-α level was investigated in β-amyloid-induced alzheimer MoreBeta asarone which is the major component of Acorus tatarinowii Schott, can pass through the blood-brain-barrier and affect the central nervous system. In the present study, effect of beta asarone on TNF-α level was investigated in β-amyloid-induced alzheimeric male rats. The adult male rats were randomly divided into 9 groups of 6: normal control, sham-operated control, β-asarone (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg PO, daily for 50 days), alzheimeric control (bilateral intrahippocampal injection of 4 µl of β-amyloid 1-42) and alzheimeric β-asarone receiving (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg PO β-asarone daily for 30 days following β-amyloid injection and subsequent doses of beta asarone for 3 weeks). The rats were sacrificed at the end of the experiment and the TNF-α level was measured in brain homogenate. Our results showed that administration of β-asarone (25 and 50 mg/kg) significantly decreased the TNF-α level (p<0.001) in alzheimeric rats. Thus, these results indicate that β-asarone is effective in providing protection against inflammation induced by β-amyloid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on testicular tissue after correction of experimental cryptorchidism in rat
Arash Shekari Esmail Safavi Ghafour MousaviPerturbation of testicular descent into the scrotum results in cryptorchidism. After surgical correction of cryptorchidism (orchidopexy), recovery of damaged testicular tissue is observed gradually. The aim of the present study was to histologically evaluate the effect MorePerturbation of testicular descent into the scrotum results in cryptorchidism. After surgical correction of cryptorchidism (orchidopexy), recovery of damaged testicular tissue is observed gradually. The aim of the present study was to histologically evaluate the effect of Coenzyme Q10 on testicular tissue after orchidopexy in the rat. In this study, 40 male immature rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each. The first group received no surgical intervention. Experimental bilateral cryptorchidism was induced surgically in the second group and rats were kept until the end of the experiment. In the third and fourth groups, orchidopexy was performed 35 days after induction of experimental bilateral cryptorchidism. Rats in the third and fourth group were administered oral olive oil and coenzyme Q10 respectively for 30 days after orchidopexy. At the end of the experimental period, testicular tissue samples were obtained for morphologic and histomorphometerical studies. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey test and p < /em>p < /em><0.05). This study indicated that the use of Coenzyme Q10 causes testicular tissue repair and improves histomorphometrical and spermatogenesis coefficients after orchidopexy in the rat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Evaluation of cardiac injury biomarkers in serum following concomitant administration of sildenafil citrate with dextromethorphan and chlorpheniramine in rat
Rasol Sadeghy B. Amouoghli Tabrizi majid fartashvandSildenafil citrate is an inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 5, dextromethorphan is an antitussive with weak opioid effects, and chlorpheniramine is a first-generation antihistamine. Since cardiovascular complications related to all three drugs have been reported, MoreSildenafil citrate is an inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 5, dextromethorphan is an antitussive with weak opioid effects, and chlorpheniramine is a first-generation antihistamine. Since cardiovascular complications related to all three drugs have been reported, the aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of cardiac damage index enzymes and tropovinin I following co-administration of sildenafil with dextromethorphan and chlorpheniramine. Forty male Wistar rats were studied in 8 groups, one control group and the rest in the treatment group; Drugs sildenafil citrate (100 mg / kg), dextromethorphan (20 mg / kg), chlorpheniramine (20 mg / kg), dextromethorphan + chlorpheniramine, sildenafil + dextromethorphan, sildenafil + chlorpheniramine, sildenafil + rosemethor + dextrometer , Received food. The results showed that administration of sildenafil to rats did not cause statistically significant changes in serum cardiac injury indices compared with the control group (p < 0.05); The amount of CK-MB also decreased compared to the control group. On the other hand, following administration of chlorpheniramine and dextromethorphan to rats, either alone or in combination, serum levels of AST, LDH and CK-MB increased statistically significantly. Administration of chlorpheniramine caused a significant increase in LDH (p < 0.01) and CK-MB (p < 0.001) compared to the control group and administration of dextromethorphan increased the activity of the studied enzymes which increased AST (p < 0.05). ) And CK-MB (p < 0.001) were significant. Co-administration of sildenafil with dextromethorphan and sildenafil with chlorpheniramine or all three together increased the activity of all three enzymes in the heart damage index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Increasing of Echocardiographic Fractional shortening following induced experimental hypertension in rats
Ramin Bahramnejad Heris gholamreza assadnassab Ghafour MousaviThis study was done to investigate the changes relation between the Fractional shortening obtained from echocardiographic findings following experimental hypertension induced in rats. Arterial hypertension is one of the most important diseases in human societies today. MoreThis study was done to investigate the changes relation between the Fractional shortening obtained from echocardiographic findings following experimental hypertension induced in rats. Arterial hypertension is one of the most important diseases in human societies today. This disease affects the functional process of the heart. For this purpose, In the present study, The Fractional shortening following experimental hypertension in the heart of the studied rats was investigated. For this study 30 male Wistar rats were used. Echocardiography with physical restraint was performed on all studied rats and Fractional shortening was determined according to its formula. The animals under study were randomly divided into 3 groups. The first group was selected without surgery and the second group were induced hypertension and in the third group with operated control. The animals in the operated groups underwent abdominal surgery on the first day. To induce arterial hypertension, abdominal aortic stenosis was created above the renal arteries in the relevant group. Standard echocardiography was performed on days 7, 14 and 21. Then Fractional shortening was calculated. In this study, the mean of Fractional shortening in the hypertensive surgical group in day 14 was 40.42 ±0.18 Which showed the highest increase and it showed a significant difference on the same day in comparing whit control group (33.30 ± 0.15) and only surgery group (34.26 ± 0.21))p˂0.05). The present study showed that an increase in Fractional shortening index was observed following experimental arterial hypertension in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - A comparative study to investigate the effect of Testosterone enanthate and Nandrolonedecanoate administration on testicular tissue and spermatogenesis coefficients in rats
Sajjad Purali Afshin Davasaz Esmaiel SafaviSexually differentiating traits in males, the emergence of primary and secondary sexual traits and numerous systemic effects are controlled by the hormone testosterone, therefore testosterone and its various esters, including enanthate, are produced and supplied for med MoreSexually differentiating traits in males, the emergence of primary and secondary sexual traits and numerous systemic effects are controlled by the hormone testosterone, therefore testosterone and its various esters, including enanthate, are produced and supplied for medicinal, livestock and even sports purposes. Nandrolone has many similarities to testosterone in terms of its chemical structure, and nandrolone decanoate, a long acting ester, is more effective than nandrolone. On the other hand, the adverse effects of androgen abuse, such as suppression of spermatogenesis and testicular atrophy, can be seen in the long term. The similarities of these two drugs and their uses and the adverse effects of their abuse was the main reason to investigate and compare the effect of testosterone enanthate and nandrolone decanoate administration on testicular tissue and spermatogenesis coefficients in rats. For this purpose, 21 adult male rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups of control (without drug injection), treatment with nandrolone decanoate (10 mg/kg per week) and treatment with testosterone enanthate (5 mg/100 g per week). After 8 weeks, tissue samples prepared from the testicles of rats were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and subjected to histopathological study. The results showed that both drugs had a significant adverse effect on the diameter and height of the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules and the thickness of the interstitial tissue of the testis. Also, the coefficients of spermatogenesis, including tubular differentiation coefficient, spermiogenesis coefficient and regeneration coefficient, were negatively affected by both drugs, although, only the effect of testosterone enanthate was significant (p<0.05). Overall, the administration of anabolic steroids leads to numerous histopathological changes in the male reproductive system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Antimicrobial effect of chitosan silver copper nanocomposite on Candida albicans in immunosuppressive rats
Mohsen Ashrafi Mansour Bayat Seyed Pejman Mortazavi Seyed Jamal Hashemi Amir MeimandipourCandida albicans is a common yeast in opportunistic fungal diseases world wide, which is frequently colonized on the surface of the skin and mucous membrane. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of all nanocomposite copper-silver-chitosan on the mentioned MoreCandida albicans is a common yeast in opportunistic fungal diseases world wide, which is frequently colonized on the surface of the skin and mucous membrane. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of all nanocomposite copper-silver-chitosan on the mentioned yeast. To synthesis of the nanocomposite, first the chitosan was dissolved in water using ultrasonic device, the binding of chitosan and glutaraldehyde was determined by FT-IR technique and the size and morphology of the synthesized nanocomposite were determined by SEM microscopy. In the animal study section, 43 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 gin 5 groups of 7 were examined. The immune system of mice was weakened by 30 mg/kg cyclophosphamide injection through peritoneal injection and was given candidiasis by oral inoculation of candida suspension. After treatment with the nanocomposite and nystatin, it was found that the number of inflammatory cells in other groups was higher than the group treated with nystatin. Also, the number of cells in nanocomposite coper- silver- chitosan- treated group was much lower than in the other group of mice with weakened immune system and untreated candidiasis. The findings of the present study showed that the therapeutic effect of the nanocomposite against candidiasis was relatively high and had a positive effect on reducing inflammation. Although the anti-yeast effect of copper and chitosan nanoparticles have not been proven separately, but based on the current results, it was found that their combination has a slight synergistic effect and to some extent, slightly effective in their antifungal properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Protective effect of aerobic exercise and concurrent L-carnitine supplementation on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in male rats
Omid Azinfam Farzad Zehsaz Mir Alireza NourazarAerobic exercise and L-carnitine consumption are associated with increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reducing inflammatory processes, but their mechanisms in the face of kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury are not fully known. The aim of this study was to MoreAerobic exercise and L-carnitine consumption are associated with increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reducing inflammatory processes, but their mechanisms in the face of kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury are not fully known. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of aerobic exercise and L-carnitine consumption simultaneously on renal damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion in male rats. In this experimental study, 42 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six equal groups and subjected to an eight-week aerobic exercise and six-week L-carnitine intake. At the end, mice were subjected to 45 minutes of kidney ischemia by surgery, and after 24 hours of blood supply, all mice were euthanized at the same time and sampling was done to evaluate the oxidant-antioxidant activity in their renal tissue. Finally, the data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test using spss-26 software. In the rats of the ischemia-reperfusion group compared to the control group, a significant decrease in the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity and a significant increase in malondialdehyde was observed (p<0.05). The interventions of aerobic exercise and L-carnitine had a significant effect on increasing the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity and reducing malondialdehyde (p<0.05). Performing aerobic exercise and taking L-carnitine supplement at the same time is more effective in terms of increasing antioxidant activities and improving the renal pathological changes of rats, indicating their synergistic effect in protecting the kidney against damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Effect of astaxanthin on testicular damage induced by cadmium chloride in adult male Wistar rats
Mahvash Hafez-Amini Akram Eidi Pejman Mortazavi Fattah SotoodehnejadnematalahiThe protective role of astaxanthin on human health, including the prevention of cardiovascular disease, prevention of cell aging, refers to the very strong antioxidant properties of this substance. Cadmium is one of the pollutants in ecosystems. This heavy metal acts as MoreThe protective role of astaxanthin on human health, including the prevention of cardiovascular disease, prevention of cell aging, refers to the very strong antioxidant properties of this substance. Cadmium is one of the pollutants in ecosystems. This heavy metal acts as a toxin on the reproductive system and destroys the process of spermatogenesis in testicular tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of astaxanthin on cadmium chloride induced testicular damage in adult male Wistar rats. In this study, 45 rats were randomly divided into 9 groups. The healthy control group did not receive any treatment. Control group, physiological serum, infertile control group, cadmium chloride (1 mg / kg body weight) by intraperitoneal injection, astaxanthin receiving groups (5, 10 and 20 mg / kg body weight) by gavage and groups They received cadmium chloride and astaxanthin (5, 10 and 20 mg / kg) at the same time. Test samples from testicular tissue homogenates were used to measure oxidative stress parameters. The parameters were analyzed by photometric method with ELISA reader and microplate reader. The results showed that astaxanthin (10 and 20 mg / kg body weight) increased the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPX and CAT and astaxanthin (10 mg / kg body weight) decreased MDA. Thus, astaxanthin may act as an antioxidant in protecting the rat testis against oxidative stress induced by cadmium chloride. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Protective effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on the oxidative stress and histological injury caused by nicotine in the ovary of rats
Shahnaz Yousefizadeh Ali Louei monfared Yahya MohammadiAs a poison, nicotine leaves irreparable effects on various tissues of the body, including the reproductive system. Coenzyme Q10 has a tremendous effect in raising the body's antioxidant level and preventing poisoning. In the current study, the protective effect of coen MoreAs a poison, nicotine leaves irreparable effects on various tissues of the body, including the reproductive system. Coenzyme Q10 has a tremendous effect in raising the body's antioxidant level and preventing poisoning. In the current study, the protective effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on the changes induced by nicotine in the rat ovary was investigated. For this purpose, 32 adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8. The rats of the first group (control) were only fed with the usual diet, but the animals of the second group were treated with nicotine at the rate of 0.2 mg/kg, the rats of the third group were treated with coenzyme Q10 at the rate of 75 mg/kg and the animals of the fourth group were treated simultaneously using nicotine and coenzyme Q10 (with the same amounts) through gavage. At the end of the study period (45 days), the animals were euthanised and blood samples were taken for hormonal and antioxidant tests. Also, ovarian tissue was sampled for histological studies. In animals treated with nicotine, there was an increase in follicular atresia, tissue damage, an increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, along with a decrease in the number of ovarian follicles, a decrease in the amount of estrogen and follicle stimulating hormones, and the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase. But in animals receiving nicotine and coenzyme Q10 at the same time, there was a significant improvement in ovarian function and structure. This study shows coenzyme Q10 can play a protective role against oxidative stress and tissue changes caused by nicotine in the ovaries of rats with the mechanism of balancing the antioxidant status and reproductive hormones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Effect of berberine on polycyctic ovary syndrome induced by letrozole in adult female Wistar rats
Saba Safdarpour Akram Eidi Pejman MortazaviBerberine which is the major active component of Berberis vulgaris, has been widely used in traditional medicine and has an antioxidant activity against oxidative stress. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in reproductive-aged MoreBerberine which is the major active component of Berberis vulgaris, has been widely used in traditional medicine and has an antioxidant activity against oxidative stress. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in reproductive-aged women. PCOS is often associated with a metabolic syndrome. In the present study, the effect of berberine on letrozole-induced PCOS was investigated in adult female Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: normal control, berberine (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg intragastrically, daily) alone, PCOS control rats (letrozole, 1 mg/kg, intragastrically, daily), berberine (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg intragastrically, daily) together with (letrozole 1 mg/kg, intragastrically, daily), and treatment was performed accordingly. Administration of berberine was started 30 minutes before the first dose of letrozole and continued up to 28 days. The animals were euthanized 24 hours after the last dose of the treatment. Antioxidant activity was tested by measuring the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes as well as the amount of malondialdehyde in ovarian tissue homogenates. The findings of the present study showed that berberine increases antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and decreases malondialdehyde levels. The results of this study suggest that berberine treatment may be beneficial in letrozole-induced PCOS in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Study on protective effect of Naringenin (Citrus flavonone) on incipient diabetic hepatopathy in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
daryoush mohajeri ghafour mousavi ramin kaffashielahi mehrdad neshatgharamalekiAbstract Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and its incidence is considered to be high all over the world. Hepatic insufficiency is one of the most important consequences in this disease. A multitude of drugs has been described for the treatment of MoreAbstract Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and its incidence is considered to be high all over the world. Hepatic insufficiency is one of the most important consequences in this disease. A multitude of drugs has been described for the treatment of diabetes throughout the world. The aim of the present study was to assess the protective effect of Naringenin on early liver injury in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 4 different groups of 10 rats each, including healthy control rats, normal healthy rats receiving Naringenin (50 mg/kg), diabetic rats and diabetic rats receiving Naringenin (50 mg/kg). Diabetes was induced with a single injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg i.p.). Naringenin groups received the drug daily for 3 weeks through gavage. At the end of the experiment, levels of liver function marker enzymes AST (Aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) and ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase), TB (Total Bilirubin), Alb (Albumin) and TP (Total Proteins) were assessed in serum. Product of lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde; MDA), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were also assayed in liver homogenate to evaluate antioxidant activity. Moreover, histopathological observations were made to assess the degree of hepatic injury. In alloxanized diabetic rats, Naringenin significantly decreased the levels of serum biomarkers of hepatic injury and TB, and elevated the levels of Alb and TP. Furthermore, Naringenin significantly decreased the lipid peroxidation and elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes in these rats. Histopathological changes were in agreement with biochemical findings. The findings of this study indicated that Naringenin due to its antioxidant activities protects rats liver from early diabetic hepatopathy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Effect of regular aerobic exercise on serum levels of cTnI, TNF-α and apoptosis in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rats
یوسف DoustarThe process of restoring blood flow to ischemic heart muscle is antithetically capable of inducing cardiac damage. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are t MoreThe process of restoring blood flow to ischemic heart muscle is antithetically capable of inducing cardiac damage. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are the important biochemical parameters of cardiac tissue damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of short term and regular growing long term aerobic exercise on serum levels of cTnI and TNF-α in rats with Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury. For this purpose, forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups including: control, I/R, I/R with two weeks of aerobic exercise, and I/R with eight weeks of regular growing aerobic exercise groups. Aerobic exercise was performed 5 times per week on treadmill at speed of 10-25m/min for 10-30 minutes with the slope of 5 degrees. For induction of I/R injury, the left descending coronary artery was clamped for 30 minutes, thereafter blood flow was restored for 2 hours. Finally, after collection of blood samples from the retro-orbital plexus for cTnI and TNF-α measurements, all animals were euthanized. Histologic sections were created for TUNEL staining from the hearts. Regular growing long term aerobic exercise significantly (p<0.05) decreased the cTnI and TNF-α serum levels, which were increased due to I/R injury. Microscopically, the numbers of apoptotic cells were significantly (p<0.01) increased in I/R group compared to the control group. Regular growing long term aerobic exercise significantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells (p<0.05). The results showed regular growing long term aerobic exercise protects the cardiac tissue of rats from I/R injury. Conflict of interest: None declared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Evaluation of serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, magnesium, total protein and albumin after ovariectomy in the rat
بهرام Amoughli tabrizi داریوش Mohajeri امین Balila Ali Rezaie مهران MesgariOsteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by decrease in bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue. In this study, in order to evaluate the serum concentration of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, total protein and albumin MoreOsteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by decrease in bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue. In this study, in order to evaluate the serum concentration of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, total protein and albumin during osteoporosis, 80 female Sprague-Dawley rats with approximate age of 10 weeks were allocated to 10 groups (3 control, 3 sham, 3 treatment groups and one pure control group). The animals in treatment groups were ovariectomized under general anesthesia whereas only the abdominal wall was incised in the sham groups using the same approach of the treatment groups. Treatment groups and shams were maintained for 5, 12 and 21 weeks respectively after ovariectomy alongside related control groups. Blood samples were collected from the retroorbital sinus at the end of each stage for measurement of the blood parameters. Evaluation of the serum levels of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase revealed statistically significant differences between the ovariectomized groups and control groups and also pure control group and sham groups. The highest level of calcium and phosphorus was observed 5 weeks after ovariectomy and the lowest level at 12 and 21 weeks after ovariectomy. The levels of alkaline phosphatase had increased at 5, 12 and 21 weeks after ovariectomy. Statistically the mean levels of magnesium, albumin and total protein did not reveal a significant difference between treatment groups, shams and pure control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Histopathological study of osteoporotic changes after experimental creation of osteoporosis by ovariectomy in the rat
داریوش Mohajeri مهران Mesgari Ali Rezaie Amin BalilaIn order to study the histopathology of osteoporosis during menopause, 80 female Sprague-Dawley rats with approximate age of 10 weeks were allocated to 10 groups of 8 rats each (C1, C2 and C3 as control, S1, S2 and S3 as sham, T1, T2 and T3 as treatment groups and C0 as MoreIn order to study the histopathology of osteoporosis during menopause, 80 female Sprague-Dawley rats with approximate age of 10 weeks were allocated to 10 groups of 8 rats each (C1, C2 and C3 as control, S1, S2 and S3 as sham, T1, T2 and T3 as treatment groups and C0 as one pure control group). The nutritional and maintenance conditions were similar in all groups. Treatment groups (T1, T2 and T3) were bilaterally ovariectomized using right and left flank approach. Sham groups (S1, S2 and S3) underwent operation in which ovaries were exposed from the same approach but left intact. Treatment (T1, T2 and T3) and their related control groups (C1, C2 and C3) were euthanized at 5, 12 and 21 weeks respectively after ovariectomy. After necropsy, both tibia and femur bones were totally removed and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, decalcified and tissue specimens stained with H&E for histopathological study. Microscopically, osteoporosis was prominent in treatment groups T2 and T3 although it was more severe in treatment group T3. Statistically, differences between ovariectomized groups (T1, T2 and T3) regarding the severity of osteoporosis with 99% confidence were significant (P<0.01). Significant differences between treatment group T1 and control groups were not observed (P>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Protective effects of Crocin on experimental hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat
bahram Amouoghli Tabrizi daryoush Mohajeri Ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) may cause metabolic and structural hepatic damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of crocin on liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. For this purpose a total of 40 male Wistar rats were More Ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) may cause metabolic and structural hepatic damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of crocin on liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. For this purpose a total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups of ten: (1) controls: including unmanipulated rats; (2) sham group: rats subjected to the surgical procedure, except for liver I/R, and given saline; (3) I/R group: rats underwent liver ischemia for 45 minutes followed by reperfusion for 45 minutes; (4) I-R/Crocin group: rats pretreated with crocin (200 mg/kg, ip). Blood samples and liver tissues were harvested from the rats, and then the rats were sacrificed. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were determined. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were assayed in liver homogenates. Also liver tissue histopathology was evaluated by light microscopy. In group 4, crocin significantly (p<0.001) decreased the elevated levels of serum biomarkers of hepatic injury and significantly (p<0.001) decreased the lipid peroxidation and elevated the decreased values of hepatic antioxidants. Histopathological changes were significantly attenuated in crocin-treated livers. These results suggest that crocin because of its anti-oxidant potential, has protective effects against hepatic I/R injury, and is a potential therapeutic drug for ischemia reperfusion-related liver injury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Evaluation of wound healing activity of Commiphoramyrrha extract compared with silver sulfadiazine on experimental skin burn healing in rat
orly yadegar ahmad asghari saeid hesarakiMyrrh, a traditional herbal medicine,is derived from Commiphoramyrrha (Nees) Engl. (Burseraceae) and various other species of Commiphora. It has widely been used in different diseases in India, China, Italy and Greece. Pharmacological studies also have showed that myrrh MoreMyrrh, a traditional herbal medicine,is derived from Commiphoramyrrha (Nees) Engl. (Burseraceae) and various other species of Commiphora. It has widely been used in different diseases in India, China, Italy and Greece. Pharmacological studies also have showed that myrrh possesses multiple activities, including anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, anesthetic, and antimicrobial effects. There has been no report on the effectiveness of commiphoramyrrha in treating burn wound. Therefore, in this study, we compared the healing times of full thickness burn wounds in rats that received commiphoramyrrha treatment or the standard SSD treatment. This study was carried out on sixty male Wistar albino rats. Grade 3 burn wounds were created on the back of all rats. The animals were randomly divided into four groups, the first group of rats received no medication, the second group received eucerin (negative control), the third group received topical SSD group and the fourth group received 2.5% Commiphoramyrrha in eucerin base.Histological samplings were done on 7th, 14th and 21st days in each group, then all samples transported to the laboratory and H&E and trichrom staining was done. Histopatological evaluation on the 7th, 14th and 21st days showed burn healing to be better in the group which had received CommiphoraMyrrha with respect to other groups, in addition wound healing was significantly better in this group (p<0.05). In conclusion, CommiphoraMyrrha has positive effect on burn wound healing and it is better than silver sulfadiazine in low concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Effects of alcoholic extract of Euphorbia cyparissias on spermatogenesis and serum level of testosterone in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
نعیمه Mehanfar M.A Nourazar مهدی RahnemaDiabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder which is considered one of the main causes of mortality in developed countries. Long term use of the majority of synthetic anti-diabetic drugs lead to various side effects therefore the use of medicinal plants has currently bec MoreDiabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder which is considered one of the main causes of mortality in developed countries. Long term use of the majority of synthetic anti-diabetic drugs lead to various side effects therefore the use of medicinal plants has currently become popular. Traditionally, Euphorbia cyparissias has been used for its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-neoplastic properties. In the present study 40 male Wistar rats were studied in four groups (n=10). The groups included: control, diabetic, alcoholic 500, alcoholic 250. The alcoholic groups received 250 and 500 mg/kg of alcoholic extract of Euphorbia cyparissias for 21 days through gastric gavage following induction of diabetes with streptozotocin. In control and diabetes induced groups an identical volume of physiological serum was gavaged. The testicular tissue and blood samples were obtained at the end of the experimental period for histological and blood testosterone concentration purposes, respectively. Results suggested that the serum glucose and testosterone concentrations in the control and alcoholic 500 groups had a significant difference with the other groups (p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The effects of passive inhalation of cigarette smoke on serum lipid profile in the rat
جعفر Rahmani KahnamoeiPassive cigarette smoke contains five times more carbon monoxide and six times more nicotine compared to the main smoke because cigarette filter has a protective role for smokers. Cigarette smoke contains a range of oxidants and free radicals that can directly or indire MorePassive cigarette smoke contains five times more carbon monoxide and six times more nicotine compared to the main smoke because cigarette filter has a protective role for smokers. Cigarette smoke contains a range of oxidants and free radicals that can directly or indirectly induce oxidative stress in the body. Adding some aromatic ingredients to cigarette may play an important role in increasing damage and free radicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of passive inhalation of cigarette smoke on serum lipid profile in rats. For this purpose, 16 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into two groups of eight rats, control and treatment. There was no intervention in the control group, but treatment group was exposed to a cigarette passive smoke on a daily basis for a month. After a month, the rat tail vein blood samples were taken and after separation of the sera, serum lipid profiles, including triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL was measured and the results were statistically analyzed using t-test. There was a significant (p<0.01) difference between the two groups regarding the serum levels of LDL but no other significant differences were observed. The results showed that cigarette smoke causes an increase in serum LDL, which is considered one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Effect of vitamin E supplementation on serumic levels of lipids and lipoproteins in cholesterol-fed male rat
M.H Khayat Nouri محمد Mashayekhi رضا Jafari M.R Nasirzade جعفر Rahmani Hypercholesterolemia is one of the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. High blood cholesterol affects the general health and increases the mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases. High levels of cholesterol in the diet increases LDL levels and More Hypercholesterolemia is one of the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. High blood cholesterol affects the general health and increases the mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases. High levels of cholesterol in the diet increases LDL levels and decreases the activity of LDL receptors in the liver. Oxidation of vascular LDL lipoproteins increases the development of atherosclerosis. Previous studies have indicated that consumption of antioxidants decreases hypercholesterolemia. This study evaluates the effect of vitamin E supplementation on blood lipid levels in high cholesterol-fed rats. In this experimental study, three groups of male rats (n=10 for each group) were used. The control group received basic diet and one of the other two groups received a diet containing one percent cholesterol and while the other received the same diet plus vitamin E supplement (2500 IU/kg in dry matter of the diet) for one month. After determining the values of TC, LDL, VLDL, HDL and TG the results indicated that in rats fed with 1% cholesterol apart from HDL and VLDL the other lipids had increased significantly compared with the control group (p<0.01). Supplementation with vitamin E significantly decreased the TC and LDL levels in comparison with the 1% cholesterol fed group (p<0.01). This effect of vitamin E may be related to its antioxidant and inhibitory effects on lipoprotein synthesis pathway. The validity of these points in humans needs further investigations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Protective effects of Resveratrol against chemotherapy drug Cisplatin induced hepatotoxicity in the rat
ramin kaffashielahi Drug therapy of cancer which is carried out by natural, synthetic or biological substances is associated with complications. Cisplatin as an anticancer drug, is hepatotoxic at high doses. Oxidative stress has been proven to be involved in cisplatin-induced More Drug therapy of cancer which is carried out by natural, synthetic or biological substances is associated with complications. Cisplatin as an anticancer drug, is hepatotoxic at high doses. Oxidative stress has been proven to be involved in cisplatin-induced toxicity. Because of antioxidant potential of resveratrol, this study was conducted to assess the protective effects of resveratrol, on cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups. Group 1 was used as control. For induction of hepatic injury in groups 2-4, cisplatin (3 mg/kg) was injected once every five days intraperitoneally. Groups 3 and 4 received silymarin (100 mg/kg) and resveratrol (20 mg/kg) respectively, daily for 4 weeks via intraperitoneal route. At the end of experiment, serum levels of aspartate and alanine transaminases, lactate dehydogenase and total bilirubin, albumin and total proteins were assessed. Malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were assayed in liver homogenates. Finally, the biochemical findings were matched with histopathological verification. In group 4, resveratrol significantly (p<0.001) decreased the elevated levels of serum biomarkers of hepatic injury and total bilirubin, and significantly (p<0.001) increased the reduced levels of serum albumin and total proteins. In this group, resveratrol significantly (p<0.001) decreased the lipid peroxidation and elevated the decreased values of hepatic antioxidants. Histopathologically, the changes were in agreement with biochemical findings. The results obtained showed resveratrol, because of its anti-oxidant potential, exerts a protective effect against cisplatin induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Effect of alcoholic extract of Euphorbia cyparissias on serum lipid profile in streptozotocin induced diabetic male rats
maryam nezami mohammadreza Nasirzadeh mehdi RahnemaDiabetes is a chronic disease characterized by disordering is the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Most blood glucose lowering drugs that are introduced for treatment, have side effects when used for long-term. Therefore, nowadays, in order to control dia MoreDiabetes is a chronic disease characterized by disordering is the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Most blood glucose lowering drugs that are introduced for treatment, have side effects when used for long-term. Therefore, nowadays, in order to control diabetes and its complications, the use of drugs from plant origin is considered widely. In this study, 40 adult male Wistar rats weighting 250±20 gr were equally divided in to 4 groups randomly: 1- control group or intact animals, 2- Diabetic animals, 3- Treatment 1 group which received 500 mg/kg extract and 4- Treatment 2 group: which received250 mg/kg extract. Animals in the two treatment groups received E. cyparissias extract for 21 days by gastric gavage. At the end of the treatment, levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, VLDL and blood glucose were determined. The results showed that triglyceride and LDL levels decrease significantly in treatment 1 group compared with the diabetic group (p<0.05). Also HDL level increased significantly in treatment 1 group compared with the diabetic group (p<0.05). In addition, blood glucose level of treatment -1 group had decreased significantly in comparison with the diabetic group (p<0.05). This study showed that oral administration of E. cyparissias alcoholic extract has hypoglycemic effects. It can reduce the serum levels of lipids and lipoproteins in streptozotocin induced diabetic male rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Preventive effects of metformin on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat
ahmad asghari ghazal kashfiyeganeh pejman mortazavi Renal ischemia causes oxidative stress which leads to severe and prolonged inflammatory responses following reperfusion. Re-perfusion injury in the kidney is a causal factor of acute renal failure which has been studied in different animals and clinical mod More Renal ischemia causes oxidative stress which leads to severe and prolonged inflammatory responses following reperfusion. Re-perfusion injury in the kidney is a causal factor of acute renal failure which has been studied in different animals and clinical models. Metformin is an oral medication used alone or with other medications to treat type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of metformin following the induction of ischemia-reperfusion in the rat kidney. In this study, 30 adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-250g were used which were divided randomly into three groups of 10 which include the sham group; this group had not received any medication and after only a week, the abdominal cavity was opened then left renal nephrectomy was performed and the abdominal cavity reclosed. The control group (IR): this group had not received any medication until induction of ischemia-reperfusion and after a week the abdominal cavity was opened and following ischemia- reperfusion, left kidney nephrectomy was performed. I/R+MET group: this group was gavaged with a dose of metformin (100 mg/kg) each day for a week at a same time and after a week the abdominal cavity was opened and then ischemia-reperfusion was induced and left kidney nephrectomy performed. In all groups except sham, both the renal pedicles were closed and released after 45 minutes for induction of ischemia-reperfusion. After 4 and 8 hours, left kidney nephrectomy was performed. At day zero (before drug administration) and after the end of ischemia-reperfusion and during renal nephrectomy, blood samples were collected and serum creatinine and BUN levels were examined. The data obtained analyzed by ANOVA on significant levels (p<0.05). Histopathological results of I/R+MET group showed degeneration and cell swelling in some tubules at low levels and mild pyknosis and the nucleus and cytoplasm of most tubules were normal. The serological results obtained indicated a slight and insignificant decrease in BUN and serum creatinine in I/R+MET group compared with the I/R group. This study showed that metformin relatively protects the kidney from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Protective effects of regular aerobic exercise on renal tissue injury following creatine monohydrate supplementation in rats
Davoud Rahimi Hassan Matin HomaeeCreatine is one of the most common supplements for improvement of athletic performance which is used by athletes. The most important debate about creatine consumption is its adverse effect on kidneys due to increased protein load. This study was performed to evaluate th MoreCreatine is one of the most common supplements for improvement of athletic performance which is used by athletes. The most important debate about creatine consumption is its adverse effect on kidneys due to increased protein load. This study was performed to evaluate the protective effects of aerobic exercise on renal tissue injury following consumption of creatine monohydrate in the rat. For this purpose, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each. Group 1, as control, received only standard food. Group 2 received 5 g/kg b.w. creatine monohydrate supplement daily for 8 weeks through gavage and group 3 received creatine monohydrate supplementation in the same manner30 minutes before aerobic exercise. Aerobic exercise was performed 5 times per week on treadmill at speed of 10-25m/min for 10-30 minutes with the slope of 5 degrees. At the end of 8 weeks, water intake and urinary excretion of rats were measured and blood samples were collected for measurement of serum renal function biomarkers including urea, uric acid and creatinine. Finally, the rats were euthanized for renal histopathology. In group 3, by doing regular aerobic exercise, water intake and urinary excretion rates were significantly (p<0.05) increased compared to group 2 and serum biomarkers of kidney injury decreased significantly (p<0.05). In group 3, microscopic studies showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction of glomerulo-tubular and renal interstitial damages compared to group 2. The results showed that regular aerobic exercise can ameliorate kidney tissue damage following creatine monohydrate supplementation in rats. Conflict of interest: None declared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - The effects of date consumption on serumic levels of glucose, lipids and lipoproteins in diabetic rats
بهرام Amouoghli Tabrizi علی Hassanpour وحید Kohi احمد Ostovar آرش Alizade Diabetes mellitus is an important problem amongst human and animals. In veterinary medicine too, diabetes mellitus occurs in many animals particularly household pets. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of date consumption on serumic levels of More Diabetes mellitus is an important problem amongst human and animals. In veterinary medicine too, diabetes mellitus occurs in many animals particularly household pets. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of date consumption on serumic levels of glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and HDL in rats suffering from experimental diabetes mellitus. Thirty male wistar rats with the age of 8 weeks and mean body weight of 200±20 gr were selected and divided into 5 groups so that there were 6 rats per group. The groups consisted of day one healthy control, final day healthy control, healthy treatment consuming date, diabetic treatment consuming date and diabetic control group. Diabetic treatment and control groups received 100 mg/kg of alloxan subcutaneously to create experimental diabetes. The two healthy control groups also received equal amounts of normal saline solution subcutaneously. The injections were repeated a week later in all groups. After observing the diabetes symptoms including polydipsia, polyuria, glucosuria and hyperglycemia in groups that were given alloxan, feeding of healthy and diabetic treatment groups with equal ratio of date and pellet was initiated. Final day healthy control group and diabetic control group were fed only with pellet. The groups were fed for 10 days following the start of diabetes symptoms. Blood samples were collected from all groups on day 10. Evaluation of the serumic levels of glucose, cholesterol and LDL revealed statistically significant increase in diabetic control group in comparison with the healthy control groups and also in healthy and diabetic treatment groups consuming date as compared with diabetic control and healthy groups (p<0.05). Evaluation of the serumic levels of triglyceride in diabetic and healthy treatment groups consuming date did not reveal statistically significant difference with the healthy control groups but revealed a significant decrease in comparison with the diabetic control group. Serumic levels of VLDL in diabetic and healthy treatment groups consuming date indicated significant decrease compared with the diabetic control group (p<0.05) but the changes were not significant in comparison with the healthy control groups. There were no statistically significant differences in serumic levels of HDL amoung the groups. It can be concluded from these results that consumption of date as a natural fruit can be effective in preventing symptoms of diabetes mellitus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Effect of olive leaf alcoholic extract on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in adult male rats
mohammadreza nasirzade miralireza Nourazar leila Roshangar Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is present at various degrees in kidney transplants. Several studies suggest that renal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) can induce acute kidney injury. Liver diseases and neurological disorders related to kidney injury is a commo More Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is present at various degrees in kidney transplants. Several studies suggest that renal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) can induce acute kidney injury. Liver diseases and neurological disorders related to kidney injury is a common clinical problem. Olive leaf is a significant source of bioactive phenolic compounds. They have better antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging. In this study 50 male rats were allocated randomly into 5 groups: control (intact animals), group-1(I/R 60min+olive leaf extract), group-2 (I/R 60min), group-3(I/R 120min+olive leaf extract)and group-4(I/R 120min).The animals received 100 mg/kg olive leaf extract in0.5 ml drinking water using gavage for 28 days. Other animals received 0.5 ml normal saline by gavages. At the end of the treatment, the level of antioxidant enzymes including TAC, MDA, SOD and GPX were determined in renal tissue. Administration of olive leaf extract can significantly increase activity of TAC, GPX and SOD in group1and 3compared with group2and4. Also, MDA level in renal tissue of treated groups was significantly lower than ischemia-reperfusion groups (p<0.05). This study showed that olive leaf extract has protective effects against renal ischemic-reperfusion injury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Histopathological evaluation of the effect of vitamin E on rat kidney after complete unilateral urethral obstruction
G.h Mousavi داریوش Mohajeri علی Agebati Maleki رامین Kafash Elahi مهرداد Neshat میرهادی Khayat NouriVitamin E is an important antioxidant, which plays a vital role in preventing free radical induced reperfusion injuries. Any disorder in the normal urinary flow is termed obstructive nephropathy which could ultimately lead to hydronephrosis, atrophy and complete impairm MoreVitamin E is an important antioxidant, which plays a vital role in preventing free radical induced reperfusion injuries. Any disorder in the normal urinary flow is termed obstructive nephropathy which could ultimately lead to hydronephrosis, atrophy and complete impairment of renal function. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin E on renal tissue following complete unilateral urethral obstruction in the rat. In this experimental study, 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups each containing 10 rats. The first group was considered as the control group. Following Unilateral urethral obstruction (UUO), rats in the second group received olive oil intraperitoneally for 15 days starting one day before surgery. Group three rats were given 50 Iu/kg of Vitamin E intraperitoneally for 15 days starting one day before unilateral obstruction (UUO-Vit E). Rats were euthanized at day 14 after surgery for histopathological evaluation and their left kidneys were collected and fixed in formalin and stained with Hematoxylen and Eosin, Trichrome-masson and Periodic Acid Schiff techniques. Histopathological evaluation revealed dilation of the Bowman’s capsule, severe glomerular and tubular atrophy, periglomerular sclerosis, interstitial infiltration of mononuclear cells, severe diffuse tubular degeneration, epithelial thickening of Bowman’s capsule, perivascular edema, interstitial fibrosis, hemorrhage and sub capsular fibrosis in the UUO group. Vitamin E administration in the UUO-Vit E group significantly decreased renal tissue lesions and fibrosis. The result of the present study indicated that urethral obstruction leads to severe renal fibrosis and tissue damage and concurrent administration of Vitamin E decreases tissue lesions and fibrosis resulting from the obstruction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Histometric and histopathological evaluation of the effect of Sertraline following cutaneous surgical trauma in the rat
سیامک Reyhani Rad داریوش Mohajeri Gh Mousavi جواد Mahmoudi علی Rezaie سعید YazdchiSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are medications prescribed for the treatment of mood disorders including anxiety and depression. These drugs can prevent the development of inflammation and modulate interleukin and interferon production. It can be assumed MoreSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are medications prescribed for the treatment of mood disorders including anxiety and depression. These drugs can prevent the development of inflammation and modulate interleukin and interferon production. It can be assumed from these features that the use of SSRIs could have a significant effect on wound healing. The aim of this experimental investigation was to evaluate the effect of sertraline on dermal wound healing in an animal model. In 60 Wistar rats, two circular wounds were made using a biopsy punch on the back of each animal. Rats were assigned to five groups of twelve animals each: Control group; Placebo group and experimental groups of the low, moderate and high dosage of sertraline ointment. Four rats of each group were sacrificed at 3, 7 and 15 days after operation. The shapes of the wounds were copied onto a transparent sheet, the figures were scanned, and the wound areas were calculated using scion image software and statistically analyzed. For histopathological studies, regenerated tissues were cut in the form of square pieces along with normal skin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The results show that sertraline treatment significantly reduced mean wound length. Morphmetrically, there were statistically significant differences between control, Placebo and experimental groups and there were significant histopathological differences between control, Placebo and experimental groups at the end of the study. The results of this study demonstrated that topical use of sertraline significantly improves healing of cutaneous wounds in the rat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Cardioprotective effect of Resveratrol on Isoproterenol-induced experimental myocardial infarction in rat
daryoush mohajeri alireza monadi ghafour mousavi amirparviz Rezaei Saber Myocardial infarction affecting the mechanical, electrical, structural and biochemical properties of the heart, accounts for one of the causes of death in developed countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of resveratrol on is More Myocardial infarction affecting the mechanical, electrical, structural and biochemical properties of the heart, accounts for one of the causes of death in developed countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of resveratrol on isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial infarction in rats. For this purpose, fourty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four equal groups including: 1-control, 2-resveratrol treatment, 3-Isoproterenol treatment and 4-Isoproterenol plus resveratrol treatment groups. Isoproterenol (85 mg/kg) was administered at two consecutive days with 24h interval subcutaneously and resveratrol (20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally for 30 consecutive days. Finally, blood samples were collected for measurement of cardiac biomarkers, creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase. All animals were euthanized for histopathological examination and the assay for myocardial antioxidant status, by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. Microscopically, myocardial tissues of the isoproterenol treated group showed severe degenerative and necrotic changes, while resveratrol alleviated myocardial necrotic damage. Levels of SOD, CAT and GPx decreased significantly (p<0.01) in the isoproterenol treated group, but increased significantly (p<0.05) in the isoproterenol plus resveratrol treatment group. Resveratrol significantly (p<0.05) decreased MDA levels which was increased by isoproterenol treatment. The results showed that resveratrol due to its antioxidant properties protects the cardiac tissue of rats from isoproterenol-induced ischemic damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Preventive effects of Naringenin (Citrus flavonone) on intestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury in the rat
ghafour mousaviThe intestinal mucosa is known to be adversely affected by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). It has been demonstrated that Naringenin has protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in various organs. The aim of this study is to determine whether Naringenin has any MoreThe intestinal mucosa is known to be adversely affected by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). It has been demonstrated that Naringenin has protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in various organs. The aim of this study is to determine whether Naringenin has any protective role in I/R injury of the intestine in rats. For this purpose, forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as control (group 1), sham IR (group 2), intestinal IR group (group 3) and Naringenin plus intestinal IR (group 4). Intestinal IR was produced by 30 minutes of intestinal ischemia followed by a 60 minutes of reperfusion. Rats in group 4 received Naringenin (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, 120 minutes before ischemia. After the experiments, the jejunum was removed and the tissues were processed for histopathological examination. Serum total antioxidant activity (TAA), and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were measured in jejunal tissue. Histopathologically, jejunal tissues of the intestinal IR group showed severe inflammatory cell infiltration, villus shortening and blunting and hemorrhage in lamina propria, as well as epithelial cell necrosis. Administration of Naringenin alleviated the jejunal damage in group 4. Levels of TAA, SOD, CAT, GPx and GR decreased in the intestinal IR group, but increased significantly (p<0.05) in the IR+Naringenin group. Naringenin significantly (p<0.05) decreased MDA levels which was increased by IR. Our results showed that Naringenin treatment protected the rat's intestinal tissue against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Evaluation of wound healing activity of Echinophora platyloba extract on experimental full thickness skin wound in the rat
ahmad asghari maryam Kardooni There are some specific plants used in traditional medicine, one of which is Echinophora platyloba. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of platyloba (Echinophora platyloba) on the experimental full-thickness wound healing in rats. In this study More There are some specific plants used in traditional medicine, one of which is Echinophora platyloba. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of platyloba (Echinophora platyloba) on the experimental full-thickness wound healing in rats. In this study 80 adult male Wistar rats were used. They were randomly divided into four groups including control, placebo, therapeutic ointment 1.5% and 3%. Animals were anesthetized and scrubbed from the shoulder to the ilium. Then, a circular wound was made with a diameter of 15 mm on the back between scapula and ischial tuberosity. The control group received no medication, while the placebo group received eucerin, the third and fourth groups received 1.5 and 3% Echinophora platyloba ointment locally. Histological samples were taken on days 3, 7, 14 and 21 in each group, then all samples were sent to the laboratory and processed with H&E staining method. Histopathological evaluations showed better healing results in those groups which had received Echinophora platyloba extract in comparison to other groups. Moreover, wound healing was significantly better in these groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, the results obtained from this study indicate that Echinophora platyloba extract had positive effect on wound healing in rat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Histopathological study on the effects of Crocin on prevention of fatty liver disease in the rats fed with high fat diet
داریوش Mohajeri علی Rezae GH Mousavi جعفر RahmaniNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now recognized as the most common type of liver disease and might lead to an important public health problem. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of Crocin on rat high fat diet-induced hepatic s MoreNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now recognized as the most common type of liver disease and might lead to an important public health problem. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of Crocin on rat high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis model. For this purpose male Wistar rats were given either control diet, high fat diet alone or high fat diet plus Crocin via gavage at different doses (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) for 4 weeks in different experimental groups. Histopathological studies of the liver were conducted in all experimental rats at the end of experiment. Animals of the different groups were sacricified by cervical dislocation. Liver issue specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and 5 micron thick sections were prepared using routine hitopathological techniques.The serum levels of aminotransferases, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured to determine hepatocyte injury. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (TB) were measured to assess biliary function. Albumin (Alb) and total protein (TP) was measured to reflect liver synthetic function. Histopathology of the liver in high fat diet fed rats showed severe fatty change of hepatocytes. Crocin reduced accumulation of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes in a dose dependent manner. In the high fat diet fed rats, serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP and TB significantly (p<0.01) increased, and serum Alb as well as TP levels significantly (p<0.01) reduced in comparison with normal control rats. Crocin treatments (100 and 50 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) reduced elevated markers of liver tissue injury and significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) increased serum Alb and TP levels in high fat diet fed rats. Low dose of Crocin (25 mg/kg) made no significant changes in the mentioned parameters. The results obtained showed that Crocin has protective effects against hepatic steatosis in rats fed with high fat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Effect of ethanolic extract of Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) stigma on serum levels of functional liver markers and hepatic tissue injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
محمد Rahbani داریوش Mohajeri علی Rezaie عادل Rezaei MoghadamIn this study, protective effects of saffron against biochemical and histopathological changes of liver were assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each, including Group 1, healthy contr MoreIn this study, protective effects of saffron against biochemical and histopathological changes of liver were assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each, including Group 1, healthy control; Group 2 healthy rats treated with saffron extract; Group 3, diabetics and Group 4, diabetics treated with saffron extract. For induction of diabetes, single dose of streptozotocin (75 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. From the beginning of experiment, the extract was injected daily at a dose of 40 mg/kg b.w. by intraperitoneal route for 8 weeks. Control groups received normal saline in similar manner. At the end of experiment, serum biomarkers of liver tissue injury and histological changes of hepatic tissues were evaluated. In diabetic rats, serum levels of functional liver markers were found to be significantly increased as compared to control group (p<0.05), while this markers in diabetic rats treated with saffron extract significantly decreased as compared to diabetic rats. Histopathological findings were in consistent with biochemical results. The results obtained showed that ethanolic extract of saffron has hepatoprotective activity against diabetic hepatopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Effects of Green tea extract on liver histopathology and serum biomarkers of hepatic tissue injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
A.A Abolfathi علی Rezaie GH Mousavi M.R Valilou بهبود JafariThe aim of present study was to evaluate the liver injury as a complication of diabetes mellitus and to assess the hepatoprotective properties of Green tea extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. For this purpose, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly separated int MoreThe aim of present study was to evaluate the liver injury as a complication of diabetes mellitus and to assess the hepatoprotective properties of Green tea extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. For this purpose, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly separated into four groups, each containing 10 animals: Group 1, healthy control rats; Group 2, normal rats treated with Green tea extract (1.5%, w/v) was given in drinking water; Group 3, diabetic rats and Group 4, diabetic rats treated with Green tea extract (1.5%, w/v) in drinking water. The extract was injected in intraperitoneal route for a period of 8 weeks. Control groups received normal saline in similar manner. Diabetes was induced by single injection of STZ (75 mg/kg i.p.). At the end of experiment, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin and bilirubin were measured. For histopathological evaluation, tissue specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and 5 micron thick sections with H&E stain were prepared using routine hitopathological techniques. In diabetic rats, serum levels of functional liver markers were found to be significantly increased in comparison with control group (p<0.05), while this markers in diabetic rats treated with Green tea extract significantly decreased as compared to diabetic rats. Histopathological findings were in consistent with biochemical results. The data obtained proved that Green tea extract has hepatoprotective activity against diabetic hepatopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Study on sedative effects of different fractions of Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) extract compared with diazepam in rats
رامین Shishehgar علی Rezaie ایلیاد Iesa beiglou محمد Jalilzadeh Hedayati CH Ahmadizadeh سلما Asl Faeghi A.R EbadiHumulus lupulus is a medicinal plant which in Farsi is called "razak". The purpose of this research is, studying the sedative effects of polar, semi polar and non polar fractions extracted from Hop (Humulus lupulus. L) in comparison with diazepam in the animal model of MoreHumulus lupulus is a medicinal plant which in Farsi is called "razak". The purpose of this research is, studying the sedative effects of polar, semi polar and non polar fractions extracted from Hop (Humulus lupulus. L) in comparison with diazepam in the animal model of Rat. For conducting this research polar, semi polar and non polar fractions extracted from Hop based on the polarity of solvent. Then study continued with the injection of obtained extracts and other medicines to different groups of Wistar breed of rats. First group was injected with 100mg/kg of Polar fraction extract the second group, with 100mg/kg of Semipolar extract, the third group, with 100 mg/kg of non-polar extract of Humulus lupulus the fourth group with 2 mg/kg of Diazepam the fifth group with the same volume of DMSO used as solvent of injectable medicines an the sixth group was the control group and did not receive any drug. The method of injection was Intra peritoneal (IP) form. Statistical diagrams and results showed a significant decreasing of anesthetic induction time and increasing of sleeping time of Ketamin induced anesthesia, after IP injection of the Polar fraction extract of Humulus lupulus. The results obtained showed that the polar-fraction extract of Humulus lupulus has more sufficient sedative effects than diazepam and other under studied groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Histopathological study on the effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa linn.) powdwer on renal ischemia-reperfusion injuryin rats
داریوش Mohajeri GH Mousavi M.B MansouriRenal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of acute renal failure (ARF), which is faced in many clinical situations. This study was designed to investigate the effect of pre-treatment with turmeric (Curcuma longa linn) powder on kidney histopathology and f MoreRenal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of acute renal failure (ARF), which is faced in many clinical situations. This study was designed to investigate the effect of pre-treatment with turmeric (Curcuma longa linn) powder on kidney histopathology and function markers in renal ischemia / reperfusion (IR) induced injury in the rats. A total of 80 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham, IR model and two I/R+TREE (2%and4%) - treated groups (n=20 per group). I/R groups’ kidneys were subjected to 60 min of global ischemia at 37oc followed by 30min of reperfusion. After 24h of reperfusion period, the rats were sacrificed. Kidney function tests and histopathological examination were also performed. Results were compared with a group of rats with sham operation. High serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid were observed in I/R rats compared to the sham rats. Pre-treatment of turmeric powder for 30 days prior to IR operation improved renal function reduced IR induced renal inflammatory and oxidative injury. The results of this study showed that turmeric powder significantly prevented renal I/R-induced functional and histological injuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Histopathological study on the effects of turnip root ethanolic extract on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
داریوش Mohajeri GH Mousavi پدرام MohammadiRenal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of acute renal failure (ARF), which is faced in many clinical situations. This study was designed to investigate the effect of pre-treatment with Turnip root ethanolic extract (TREE) on kidney histopathology and f MoreRenal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of acute renal failure (ARF), which is faced in many clinical situations. This study was designed to investigate the effect of pre-treatment with Turnip root ethanolic extract (TREE) on kidney histopathology and function markers in renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) induced injury in the rats. A total of 80 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham, IR model and two I/R+ TREE (1% and 2%)-treated groups (n = 20 per group). I/R groups’ kidneys were subjected to 60 min of global ischemia at 37 °C followed by 30 min of reperfusion. After 24h of reperfusion period, the rats were sacrificed. Kidney function tests and histopathological examination were also performed. Results were compared with a group of rats with sham operation. High serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid were observed in I/R rats compared to the sham rats. Pre-treatment of TREE extracts for 30 days prior to IR operation improved renal function, reduced IR induced renal inflammatory and oxidative injury. The results of this study showed that TREE significantly prevented renal I/R-induced functional and histological injuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Study of sedative and anxiolytic effects of polar, semi-polar and non-polar fractions of Artemisia Aucheri extract compared with diazepam in rats
ramin shishiehgar bahloul habibiasl changiz ahmadizadehAbstract Artemisia Aucheri is a medicinal plant which has powerful sedative and anxiolytic effects. Also there are a lot of anti-oxidant agents in its extract. The purpose of this research is studying the sedative and anxiolytic effects of polar, semi-pola MoreAbstract Artemisia Aucheri is a medicinal plant which has powerful sedative and anxiolytic effects. Also there are a lot of anti-oxidant agents in its extract. The purpose of this research is studying the sedative and anxiolytic effects of polar, semi-polar and non-polar fractions, extracted from Artemisia Aucheri in comparison with diazepam in the animal model of Rat. For this purpose, polar, semi-polar and non-polar fractions were extracted from Artemisia Aucheri, based on the polarity of solvent. The injection of the obtained fractions and other medications were made to different groups of female wistar rats which the same age and weight. Group was injected with 100mg/kg of Polar fraction extract, the second group with 100mg/kg of Semi-polar extract, the third group, with 100 mg/kg of non-polar extract of Artemisia Aucheri, the fourth group with 2 mg/kg of Diazepam, the fifth group with the same volume of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) for studying the effect of solvent. The method of injection was Intra peritoneal (IP) form. The sixth group was the control group and did not receive any medications. Thirty minutes after injections, Ketamin 100 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally in all 6 groups. Then induction and sleeping time was measured in seconds. Statistical results showed a meaningful decrease of anesthetic induction time and increase of sleeping time of Ketamin-induced anesthesia, after IP injection of the Polar fraction of Artemisia Aucheri (P<0.05) and also a meaningful increase of time spent by rats in the open arms of maze after Polar-fraction injection of Artemisia Aucheri (P<0.05). The results showed that the polar fraction of Artemisia Aucheri has more sedative and anxiolytic effects than diazepam and other fractions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Post surgical adhesion prevention: Vitamin C or Satureja Khuzestanica
ayda najafian azin alavi kambiz amjadigolpayegani sakineh dadipour ali safarimoradabadi soghra fallahi azita faramarziAbstract Abdominal surgeries can result in intra abdominal adhesions. Since Satureja Khuzestanica is used for its anti oxidant, anti lipid, anti inflammatory and anti bacterial effects, it might also play a role in preventing intra abdominal adhesion. Ther MoreAbstract Abdominal surgeries can result in intra abdominal adhesions. Since Satureja Khuzestanica is used for its anti oxidant, anti lipid, anti inflammatory and anti bacterial effects, it might also play a role in preventing intra abdominal adhesion. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to assess the effects of this plant compared with vitamin C in the prevention of post surgical intra abdominal adhesions.Forty rats were used for this experimental study and were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 10 rats. Ten ml of 0.9% normal saline, 250 mg/kg vitamin C, 250 mg/kg Satureja Khuzestanica, and both vitamin C plus Satureja Khuzestanica were used for the first, second, third and fourth group, respectively. Mazuji classification and pathology assessment were used to grade the amount of adhesion. According to our findings, vitamin C in addition to Satureja Khuzestanica is effective in preventing abdominal adhesions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - بررسی اثر درمانی گیاه زنگوله ای لوله باریک (Boiss. Onosma stenosiphon) برسوختگی درجه دو در ناحیه پشت و بیضه موش صحرایی
محمدعلی خلیلی سید محسن میراسماعیلی حسین حکمتی مقدم شهناز رضایی علی رضا وحیدیمقدمه و هدف: گیاه Boiss. Onosma stenosiphon یا زنگولهای لوله باریک از خانواده گاوزبان میباشد. در گذشته این گیاه برای درمان بریدگی‌های سطحی پوست مورد استفاده قرار می‌گرفته و تاکنون خواص درمانی این گیاه در کتب گیاهان دارویی ذکر نشده است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر، بررسی Moreمقدمه و هدف: گیاه Boiss. Onosma stenosiphon یا زنگولهای لوله باریک از خانواده گاوزبان میباشد. در گذشته این گیاه برای درمان بریدگی‌های سطحی پوست مورد استفاده قرار می‌گرفته و تاکنون خواص درمانی این گیاه در کتب گیاهان دارویی ذکر نشده است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر، بررسی تأثیر پماد تهیه شده از این گیاه بر میزان به­بود سطح زخم ناشی از سوختگی درجه دو در ناحیه پشت و نیز بیضه موش صحرائی می­باشد.روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه تجربی24 سر موش صحرایی نژاد ویستار به صورت تصادفی به 3 گروه تجربی(21 سر) و 1 گروه شاهد (3 سر) تقسیم شدند. سوختگی درجه دو به­صورت یکنواخت درناحیه پشت در پهلوی راست و چپ و نیز پوست بیضه راست تمام موش­ها ایجاد گردید. برای درمان زخم­های ناشی از سوختگی در سه گروه تجربی، از پماد پودر گیاه مذکور استفاده شد. جهت بررسی تغییرات بافتی در به­بُود زخم­ها، به ترتیب در روزهای 7، 14 و 21 روز پس از سوختگی، هر بار تعداد 7 سر موش از هر گروه انتخاب شده و پس از کشتن، از محل سوختگی طرف راست (تحت درمان با پماد) و طرف چپ (بدون استعمال پماد) و نیز بافت بیضه نمونه برداری و با روش هماتوکسلین – ا ئوزین رنگ آمیزی شدند. سپس نمونه­ها با نمونه های تهیه شده از موش صحرایی شاهد به صورت کیفی از نظر میزان آسیب و به­بود بافت در ناحیه پشت و تغییرات در بافت بیضه مقایسه گردیدند.نتایج و بحث: در هفته اول بعد از سوختگی تغییرات هیستوپاتولوژیک یکسان در اپی­درم نمونه­های پوست بدون مصرف پماد و در نمونه های پوست با مصرف پماد مشاهده شد ولی این تغییرات درهر دو گروه تقریباً یکسان بود. درهفته دوم، اپی­درم تا حدودی ترمیم شده بود و در درم سطحی نیز التهاب نفوذ سلول­های آماس تک هسته­ای و فیبروز دیده شد. در هفته سوم، اپی­درم به­طور کامل بازسازی شد و التهاب در ناحیه درم پوست از بین رفته بود و فقط فیبروز ناحیه ای که قبلاً نکروزه بود به چشم می­خورد. توصیه کاربردی / صنعتی: در زمان مورد مطالعه سطح ترمیم و درصد التیام بافت سوخته شده در نمونه­های تحت درمان با پماد گیاه زنگوله­ای باریک و نمونه­های شاهد هیچ تغییر معنی داری به دست نیامد. هم­چنین، پماد مذکور هیچ نوع اثر سوئی بر بافت بیضه و سلول­های اسپرم آن نداشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - بررسی اثر عصاره گیاه بابونه بر اختلالات حرکتی در مدل حیوانی پارکینسونی
شهربانو عالمی رستمی مریم رفیعی رادمینه وهدف: بیماری پارکینسون نوعی تحلیل در سیستم عصبی است که با اختلالات حرکتی متعددی شناخته میشود. عواملی از قبیل استرس اکسیداتیو از مهمترین علل دژنراسیون نورونهای دوپامینرژیکی جسم سیاه و ایجاد پارکینسون به شمار می روند. بنابراین داروهایی که دارای عمل آنت ی اکسیدانی Moreمینه وهدف: بیماری پارکینسون نوعی تحلیل در سیستم عصبی است که با اختلالات حرکتی متعددی شناخته میشود. عواملی از قبیل استرس اکسیداتیو از مهمترین علل دژنراسیون نورونهای دوپامینرژیکی جسم سیاه و ایجاد پارکینسون به شمار می روند. بنابراین داروهایی که دارای عمل آنت ی اکسیدانی م ی باشند، می توانند ب ه عنوان هدف جالب توجهی برای درمان اختلالات حرکتی پارکینسون باشند . بابونه منبع طبیعی آنتی اکسیدان است. مواد و روش ها: در این مطالعه از 50 سر موش صحرایی نر بالغ استفادهگردید که بهطور تصادفی به گروههای 10تایی کنترل، پارکینسونی، و سه گروه پارکینسونی که روزانه یکبار به مدت 14روز به ترتیب دوزهای mg/kg10،25و 50 عصاره گل بابونه را به روش گاواژ دریافت نمودند، تقسیم شدند. بیماری پارکینسون با تزریق 8میکروگرم سم عصبی 6_هیدروکسی دوپامین (6-OHDA) در 2میکرولیتر سالین دارای 1% اسید اسکوربیک درون دسته میانی_قدامی (MFB)نیمکره چپ مغز موشها القاء شد. نتایج به صورت میانگین و انحراف از معیار( mean± SEM)، آنالیز و واریانس یک طرفه و تست پشتیبان TUKEY ارائه شدند. یافته ها: ضایعه در MFB سمت چپ مغز با 6-OHDA موجب‌گردید تا 14 روز بعد از ضایعه حیوانات متعاقب تجویز زیرجلدی mg/kg 5/2 آپومورفین در جهت راست به میزان 10< دور در دقیقه چرخش 360 درجه داشته باشند و نیز در تست‌های حرکتی (حفظ تعادل، بی‌حرکتی و طول قدم) نسبت به گروه کنترل اختلاف معنیداری را نشان دادند. درمان حیوانات پارکینسونی با دوزهای مختلف عصاره گل بابونه در مقایسه با گروه پارکینسونی بدون درمان، موجب بهبودی معنیدار فعالیت‌های حرکتی گردید و دوز mg/kg10 و 50 بیشترین اثرات درمانی را نشان دادند. توصیه های کاربردی/صنعتی: عصاره گل بابونه احتمالا ًبه‌دلیل خاصیت آنتیاکسیدانی قوی و تداخل با فعالیت گیرنده‌های مسیرهای حرکتی میتواند جهت بهبود و کاهش اختلالات حرکتی پارکینسون مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - اثر عصاره آبی الکلی کارده (Biarum Bovei) بر آستانه درد موش های صحرایی دیابتی شده با استرپتوزوتوسین
معصومه سیفی زنگنه مریم رفیعی راد حسین سازگارمقدمه و هدف: دیابت قندی در دراز مدت از راههای مختلف از جمله تشدید روند استرس اکسیداتیو با اختلالاتی همچون درد و شناخت در جامعه انسانی و حیوانات آزمایشگاهی همراه است. با توجه به وجود شواهدی مبنی بر اثر ضد دیابتی عصاره کارده، اثر تجویز خوراکی این عصاره بر میزان قند خون و Moreمقدمه و هدف: دیابت قندی در دراز مدت از راههای مختلف از جمله تشدید روند استرس اکسیداتیو با اختلالاتی همچون درد و شناخت در جامعه انسانی و حیوانات آزمایشگاهی همراه است. با توجه به وجود شواهدی مبنی بر اثر ضد دیابتی عصاره کارده، اثر تجویز خوراکی این عصاره بر میزان قند خون و آستانه درد در موش های صحرایی دیابتی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: حیوانات به گروه کنترل(سالم)، دیابتی و 5 گروه دیابتی با استرپتوزوتوسین )mg/kg 70 STZ,) که به مدت دو هفته عصاره هیدرو الکی کارده (mg/kg 50، 100، 400،200، 800) را به روش گاواژ دریافت کرده اند، تقسیم شدند. میزان قند خون با خون گیری از ناحیه دم اندازگیری شد. و سپس تست تیل فیلیک جهت سنجش آستانه درد انجام شد. نتایج با استفاده از آزمون‌های آماری تجزیه واریانس یک طرفه و تست توکی آنالیز گردیدند. نتایج و بحث: دیابت باعث کاهش قند خون (001/0> p) وآستانه درد (001/0> p) گردید و تجویز دوزهای (mg/kg 100، 200) عصاره کارده با عث کاهش قند خون (01/0>p ) و دوز mg/kg100 منجر به افزایش آستانه درد (05/0> p) گردید. عصاره کارده در دوزهای (mg/kg 50، 800،400) تاثیری بر درد نداشت. یافته های این مطالعه نشان داد که مصرف عصاره هیدرو الکلی کارده احتمالا با خاصیت آنتی­اکسیدانی قادر به کاهش قند خون و عوارض ناشی از دیابت از جمله درد در حیوانات مبتلا به دیابت می­گردد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به اثرات جانبی کم داروهای گیاهی بویژه انتی­اکسیدان­ها از جمله کارده می تواند در کاهش عوارض ناشی از دیابت در کنار دارودرمانی استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - اثر الاژیک اسید بر میزان تیول در بافتهای مختلف مغزی در مدل حیوانی بیماری پارکینسون
مریم رفیعی راد زینب عیدی پورمقدمه و هدف: بیماری پارکینسون(PD) با از بین رفتن نورون­های دوپامینرژیک جسم سیاه ایجاد می­گردد که به­طور گسترده­ای با استرس اکسیداتیو در ارتباط است و کاهش گلوتاتیون (GSH)، به عنوان فراوان­ترین و مهم­ترین تیول بافتی و یکی از عوامل دفاع آنتی­اکس Moreمقدمه و هدف: بیماری پارکینسون(PD) با از بین رفتن نورون­های دوپامینرژیک جسم سیاه ایجاد می­گردد که به­طور گسترده­ای با استرس اکسیداتیو در ارتباط است و کاهش گلوتاتیون (GSH)، به عنوان فراوان­ترین و مهم­ترین تیول بافتی و یکی از عوامل دفاع آنتی­اکسیدانی از اولین وقایع بیوشیمیایی مرتبط با پارکینسون می­باشد و مصرف آنتی­اکسیدان­ها اثر حفاظتی دارد. در مطالعه حاضر اثر الاژیک اسید بر میزان گروه­های تیول در بافت­های هیپوکامپ، استریاتوم، قشر­مغز و مخچه در بیماری پارکینسون مورد بررسی قرار گرفته­­است. روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه از 40 سر موش صحرایی نر بالغ استفاده­گردید که به­طور تصادفی به گروه­های 8­تایی کنترل، پارکینسونی، و سه گروه پارکینسونی که روزانه یک­بار به مدت 14 روز به ترتیب دوزهای mg/kg10 ،25و 50 الاژیک اسید را به روش گاواژ دریافت نمودند، تقسیم گردیدند. بیماری پارکینسون با تزریق 8­ میکروگرم سم عصبی 6_هیدروکسی دوپامین (6-OHDA) در 2­میکرولیتر سالین دارای 1% اسید اسکوربیک درون دسته میانی_قدامی (MFB) نیم­کره چپ مغز موش­ها القاء شد و پس از 14 روز مغز تمامی موش­ها جهت جداسازی بافت­ها و سنجش تیول استخراج گردیدند. نتایج و بحث: در گروه پارکینسونی در تمامی بافت­ها کاهش معنی­داری در میزان تیول نسبت به گروه کنترل مشاهده گردید و تجویز الاژیک اسید به­­ویژه دوز 25 و 50 mg/kg توانست در تمامی بافت ­ها اثر افزایشی را القاء نماید که این افزایش در تمامی بافت­ها بجز مخچه معنی­دار بود. در نهایت الاژیک اسید با توان افزایش تیول قادر است با استرس اکسیداتیو ناشی از پارکینسون مقابله نماید. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج حاصل ازین تحقیق و خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی الاژیک اسید می­توان از آن جهت بهبود و منع پیشروی بیماری پارکینسون بهره برد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره متانولی .Salvia aethiopis L در سیستم گردش خون موش صحرایی
مصطفی اسدبگی رویا کرمیان پریسا حسنین مسعود رنجبر رامتین پاکزادمقدمه و هدف: رادیکال­های آزاد نقش مهمی را در گسترش آسیب­های بافتی در بیماری­های مختلف مانند سرطان، پیری، ضعف سیستم عصبی، ‏مالاریا، تصلب شرائین و رخدادهای پاتولوژیکی بازی می­کنند. آنتی­اکسیدان­ها نقش مهمی در ممانعت از پیشرفت این بیماری­ها Moreمقدمه و هدف: رادیکال­های آزاد نقش مهمی را در گسترش آسیب­های بافتی در بیماری­های مختلف مانند سرطان، پیری، ضعف سیستم عصبی، ‏مالاریا، تصلب شرائین و رخدادهای پاتولوژیکی بازی می­کنند. آنتی­اکسیدان­ها نقش مهمی در ممانعت از پیشرفت این بیماری­ها ‏ایفاء می­کنند. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی پتانسیل مهارکنندگی رادیکال آزاد ‏‎ DPPHدر سیستم گردش خون موش صحرایی ‏توسط عصاره متانولی ‏Salvia aethiopis‏ است. این گیاه متعلق به جنس مریم گلی از تیره نعناعیان است که اغلب گونه­های آن ‏ارزش غذایی و دارویی دارند. مطالعات بیشتر پتانسیل این گونه گیاهی را به عنوان یک کاندید مناسب جهت کاربردهای دارویی و صنعتی آشکار می­سازد. روش تحقیق: بدین منظور تعداد‎ ‎‏10‏‎ ‎سر‎ ‎موش‎ ‎صحرایی‎ ‎ماده‎ ‎بالغ‎ ‎به طور‎ ‎تصادفی‎ ‎با‎ ‎وزن‎ ‎حدود‎ ‎‏200-250 گرم انتخاب‎ ‎شده و سپس‎ ‎به طور‎ ‎مساوی‎ ‎و‎ ‎تصادفی‎ ‎به‎ ‎سه‎ ‎گروه‎ ‎تقسیم‎ ‎شدند. گروه اول موش­های ‏صحرایی 0/5 میلی لیتر‎ ‎محلول متانولی ‏DPPH‏ (4-10‏‏×3 مولار) دریافت‎ ‎کردند. گروه‎ ‎دوم موش­های صحرایی 1 ‏میلی­لیتر عصاره ‏Salvia aethiopis ‎‏ (1 میلی­گرم در میلی­لیتر) به همراه 0/5 میلی ‎لیتر محلول متانولی ‏DPPH‏ ‏دریافت کردند و گروه‎ ‎سوم موش های‎ ‎صحرایی 1 ‏میلی­لیتر اسید آسکوربیک را به جای عصاره گیاه به همراه 0/5 میلی ‎لیتر محلول متانولی ‏DPPH به عنوان کنترل مثبت دریافت کردند. ‏تمام تزریق ها به صورت درون صفاقی انجام شد. پس از خون­گیری از قلب حیوانات و جداسازی سرم، مقدار فعالیت ‏مهارکنندگی رادیکال آزاد DPPH توسط عصاره Salvia aethiopis با در نظر گرفتن کاهش جذب ‏قرائت شده به روش اسپکتروفتومتری ارزیابی شد.‏ نتایج و بحث: کاهش جذب برای رادیکال آزاد DPPH (1/85 نانومتر) در سرم خون موش­ها در حضور اسید آسکوربیک به عنوان کنترل مثبت (1/07 نانومتر) و عصاره متانولی Salvia aethiopis به عنوان نمونه (78/0 نانومتر) حاکی از توانایی مثبت مهارکنندگی رادیکال آزاد عصاره متانولی گونه مورد مطالعه در سیستم گردش خون موش­ صحرایی از اسید آسکوربیک به عنوان یک آنتی­اکسیدان سنتزی است. در مجموع نتیجه این مطالعه نشان می­دهد که عصاره Salvia aethiopisبه­دلیل دارا بودن فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی مناسب می­تواند در مطالعات بالینی آتی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - The Effect of Mobile Electromagnetic Waves (900-950 Mhz) on FSH and LH Hormones in Adult Rats
fahimeh asgharyzadeh Seyedeh Zeinab PeighambarzadehDaily use of magnetically-powered vehicles is also possible through mobile phones as well as being emitted into everyday life. In this study, the confirmation of cellular magnetic power waves with the brother of FSH and LH hormones in adult female rats was reported. In MoreDaily use of magnetically-powered vehicles is also possible through mobile phones as well as being emitted into everyday life. In this study, the confirmation of cellular magnetic power waves with the brother of FSH and LH hormones in adult female rats was reported. In this purpose study, 24 number of 7-week age female rats were divided in to two groups of 12 rats each (control and test group). In test group, rats were exspoused to mobile phone radiation in 60 days, for 4 hours a day. After two months, rats anestethetised by chloroform, blood samples were collected from heart, and serum were removed bycentrifuged . Concentration of FSH and LH hormones was measured by ELISA. Based on the results, FSH and LH level in experimental group was significantly increased (p> 0.05). Electromagnetic waves affects on hypothalamal and GnRH released which can be increase change the Level of LH and FSH. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - The Effect of Vitamin C on Liver Exposed to the Pesticides Deltamethrin in Rat
Malihe Danshvar Frangis Ghassemi Deltamethrin insecticide widely used pesticides with harmful effects on the ecosystem and liver organ involved in the metabolism of toxic substances. According to antioxidant role of vitamin C, the effects of exposure to deltamethrin on rat's liver were st More Deltamethrin insecticide widely used pesticides with harmful effects on the ecosystem and liver organ involved in the metabolism of toxic substances. According to antioxidant role of vitamin C, the effects of exposure to deltamethrin on rat's liver were studied. For this purpose, 63 rats (Wistar) weighing 200 ± 15 g were selected and divided into 9 groups. After determination of lethal dose for deltamethrin (20mg / kg/b.wt), (5/2, 5 and 10) mg/ kg/b.wt of this was chosen for this experiment. Groups were selected in the control (no treatment), group 1 (distilled water), group 2 were injected ( 20 mg / kg/b.wt) Vitamin C, 3 treatment groups, respectively (5/2, 5 and 10) mg / kg / b.wt of deltamethrin and 3 groups treated with the same doses of deltamethrin + vitamin C (20mg / kg/b.wt) within 14 days, injected intraperitoneal. At the end of the treatment period, Rat's livers were separated, prepared and placed in tissue processor. Prepared serial sections (5 μ), were stained and studied with L.M (40 x) and determined the degree of damage. Using ratings method, damage of tissue were determinate in 0 to 4 degrees that indicate the minimum to maximum damage. Obtain data analyzed by using SPSS (17) and ANOVA and groups were compared in significance level (P< 0.05) with LSD and Tukey's test. According to the results, changes in nucleuses lining to the cell necrosis were seen in the groups which exposed to deltamethrin. These damages were recompensed partially in groups which treated with vitamin C especially in group with low dose of toxin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - The effect of umbilical cord stromal cells and chicory extract on the repair process of amputated sciatic nerve in male Wistar rats (Behavioral and electrophysiological study).
amirhosin fazlali Hayati Rodbari nasim gholamreza Kaka kazem parivar homayoon sadraiBackground and purpose: In this study, the therapeutic effect of umbilical cord blood cells with chicory extract on repair of severed sciatic nerve in adult male Wistar rats was evaluated by behavioral, electrophysiological study.Materials and Methods: After sciatic ner MoreBackground and purpose: In this study, the therapeutic effect of umbilical cord blood cells with chicory extract on repair of severed sciatic nerve in adult male Wistar rats was evaluated by behavioral, electrophysiological study.Materials and Methods: After sciatic nerve amputation, adult male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 7.Healthy rats, rats with sciatica without treatment intervention, rats with umbilical cord blood cells treated with chicory extract at the site of amputation, rats with umbilical cord blood cells injected at the site of injury.The rate of recovery was assessed by sensory motor activity of the sciatic nerve, electrophysiological studies.Results: Sciatic nerve motor evaluation, no control group returned to normal in the eighth week, cell therapy group was restored with chicory extract in the eighth week. The level of AMP in the eighth week after the restoration of the cell therapy group with a gentle slope indicates the recovery process of the cell therapy group.Counting the number of nerve fibers at an area of 1000 μm, the number of nerve fibers in the cell therapy groups increased in the eighth week after repair, compared with the control group and the PLGA membrane group. By the end of the eighth week, the sciatic nerve index (Hot Plate test), the healing process of the cell therapy group with chicory extract was more evident to other groups.Conclusion: Cord blood cell transplantation repairs sciatic nerve and chicory extract along with umbilical cord blood cells accelerates sciatic nerve repair. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - The effect of cinnamon extract on sex hormones in adult female rats treated lead acetate
Vahid Hemayatkhah Jahromi Lead, a toxic heavy metal that has numerous effects on biological systems, living organisms, including humans and various risks are created such as infertility.This study is to investigate the effect of cinnamon on sex hormone changes in adult rats treated lead ac More Lead, a toxic heavy metal that has numerous effects on biological systems, living organisms, including humans and various risks are created such as infertility.This study is to investigate the effect of cinnamon on sex hormone changes in adult rats treated lead acetate.. Animals used 42 adult female Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups, including control group that received no drug , the Sham group 1 (solvent), Sham group 2 (0.6 g daily lead acetate), Sham group 3 (1.5mg/kg of cinnamon extract daily), experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 per day in addition to 0.6g of lead acetate, respectively 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg cinnamon extract for 14 days. At the end of the study, blood samples were taken and the concentration of the hormones estrogen and progesterone were measured by ELISA.. The results showed concentration of estrogen and progesterone hormones in the Sham group 2 has significantly decreased and in the Sham group 3 has significantly increased compared to the control group (P<0.05). The results showed that cinnamon extract in a dose dependent manner and with antioxidant properties reduce the effects of lead poisoning on sex hormones.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Hypolipidemic effect of dill essential oil in hyperlipidemic rats
Tayebeh Moradkhani Maryam Eidi Alireza SaeediniaHyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of essential oil dill on the lipid profile in hyperlipidemic rats. Thirty-six adult male rats were divided into 6 groups including nor MoreHyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of essential oil dill on the lipid profile in hyperlipidemic rats. Thirty-six adult male rats were divided into 6 groups including normal group, control hyperlipidemic group (received 10% lipid in food), hyperlipidemic rats (received atorvastatin at dose of 10 mg/kg, daily) and experimental hyperlipidemic rats (received essential oil of dill at doses 0.5, 1 and 2 ml/kg, daily). After 8 weeks and 12 h fastening, the animals were weighted and anesthetized by ether. The blood and liver sampling was done. The serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, VLDL, AST and ALT levels were measured by kit. The liver sections were stained by haematocilin-eosin method. The result showed that oral treatment of atorvastatin and essential oil of dill decreased weight gain, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, AST and ALT levels and liver damaged, while increased serum HDL level in experimental rats in comparison to control hyperlipidemic rats, significantly. So, essential oil of dill improved lipid profile in hyperlipidemic animal and has antioxidant effect with improving liver tissue and function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - EFFECT OF POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) HYDROETHANOLIC PEEL EXTRACT ON LIVER INJURY INDUCED BY AFLATOXIN IN ADULT MALE RATS
Mahnaz Nazari Alireza Sadeghipour Maryam EidiThe objective of this study is to investigate the detoxification effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of pomegranate fruit peel on tissue and liver enzymes in male rats empoisoned by aflatoxin. The animals were empoisoned by aflatoxin gavage at dose of 480 µg/kg ever MoreThe objective of this study is to investigate the detoxification effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of pomegranate fruit peel on tissue and liver enzymes in male rats empoisoned by aflatoxin. The animals were empoisoned by aflatoxin gavage at dose of 480 µg/kg every day for a period of 8 weeks. Hydro ethanolic extract was co-treated at doses 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg for a period of 8 weeks with aflatoxin. After 8 weeks, the sampling was done from the heart and liver of animals. The serum parameters were measured including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and serum Total Protein (TP) by kit. Tissue sections were prepared by liver sampling and stained using hematoxylin-eosin method. The results showed that the aflatoxin increased serum AP, AST and ALT, while decreased total protein levels and also increased of liver damage score in empoisoned rats compared to healthy control group. The treatment of extract at doses 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg caused significant decrease of serum AP, AST, and ALT levels and damage score of liver , while increased serum total protein level in the empoisoned rats compared to the empoisoned control group. The results indicated that the hydro-ethanolic extract of pomegranatel has protective effect against aflatoxin in animal, so usage of the fruit should be consider in the traditional medicine to treat the liver disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Effect of different times of ischemia/reperfusion on dentate gyrus cells of hippocampus in Wistar rat
Zahra Nadia Sharifi shabnam movassaghi zahra kermaniha arefeh arafati amir ghasemiStroke is the most important resalt of cerebral ischemia and followed reperfusion produces free radicales and can lead to apoptosis. Granular cells of dentate gyrus are sensitive to ischemia. Whatever the time of ischemia gets longer and reperfusion st MoreStroke is the most important resalt of cerebral ischemia and followed reperfusion produces free radicales and can lead to apoptosis. Granular cells of dentate gyrus are sensitive to ischemia. Whatever the time of ischemia gets longer and reperfusion starts with delay, cell protection from oxidative damage and apoptosis will be less efficient. Since the percentage of tissue damage plays an important role in the study of neuroprotective drugs,We decide to study the appropriate duration of ischemia in order to use different drugs in ischemic animal models. In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rat were divided to 6 groups (5,10,15,20 and 30 minutes of ischemia. The ischemia was induced by ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries followed by reperfusion. After four days, brains were removed and prepared for hematoxilin-eosin method and nissl staining . Our data showed that The number of degenerative cells with pyknotic nucleuses were increased especially in the30 minutes of ischemia and the number of the dentate gyrus granular cells were decreased significantly in 15،20،30 ischemic groups.. It seems that more than 10 minutes of ischemia is the appropriate time for studying the effects of drugs in ischemic model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Evaluation of the effect of microgravity on the development of central vein in liver of rat embryos and therapeutic effect of folic acid
Pooneh Rahimi-nia Shiva Nasiraei-Moghadam Mahnaz Azarnia Zahra HajebrahimiMicrogravity has many effects on the physiological systems. Studying these changes is useful to help astronauts, improve human life and to answer biology questions. The aim of present study was to investigate the impact of microgravity on the development of central vein MoreMicrogravity has many effects on the physiological systems. Studying these changes is useful to help astronauts, improve human life and to answer biology questions. The aim of present study was to investigate the impact of microgravity on the development of central vein in rat embryos and therapeatic effect of folic acid. Fertilization animals were randomly divided into five groups: control group, the first experimental group who were exposed to microgravity (days 10-15 of pregnancy), the second experimental group who received an edible daily dose of Folic acid (days 10-15 of pregnancy), the third experimental group who were exposed to microgravity (days 1-19.5 of pregnancy), the fourth experimental group who received Folic acid and exposed to microgravity (days 10-15 of pregnancy). Hindlimb unloading model was used to establish ground-based-model of microgravity. On the 20th day of pregnancy, the embryo was removed, fixed, stained using H&E, and studied under the microscope. Data analyzed using SPSS and One-way ANOVA and Tukey test. The results indicated that exposure to microgravity can produce abnormal central vein. Although folic acid consumption alone does not show a meaningful impact, its consumption combined with microgravity can improve central vein morphology that suggests no need for folic acid in normal condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Investigation of BAD Gene Expression Following Chloriazepoxide Effect on pregnancy In the hippocampus of mouse infants
Amin Dinarvand Mehrdad Hashemi Rasool Dinarvand Shabnam Movaseghi Mojtaba JafariniaBackground: Chlorodiazepoxide is an anxiolytic agent commonly used by young people and pregnant women to reduce anxiety and control preeclampsia and eclampsia. Some studies have shown that this medication disrupts the functioning of the cholinergic system. Due to the in MoreBackground: Chlorodiazepoxide is an anxiolytic agent commonly used by young people and pregnant women to reduce anxiety and control preeclampsia and eclampsia. Some studies have shown that this medication disrupts the functioning of the cholinergic system. Due to the increased cellular damage of bad gene expression, the effect of cholorodiazepoxide use during pregnancy on bad gene expression in the hippocampus of neonatal rats was investigated. Methods: In this study, 9 female Wistar rats were pregnant and randomly divided into three groups: control, experimental (intraperitoneal injection of chlordiazoxoxide 10 mg / kg for 21 days) and carriers (saline). Two weeks after the birth, the brain of the neonates was removed from the skull and the expression of the propaoptotic gene of Bad was investigated. Results: The level of gene expression was analyzed by Rest software and a significant level of P Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that the administration of chlorodiazepoxide during pregnancy can cause neuronal damage in the hippocampus of Wistar rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - The effect of mobile phone waves and using garlic on estrogen, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone hormones in rats
Vahid Hemayatkhah Jahromi mahbobe ParnianIntroduction: Electromagnetic waves is effect factor on sexual glands and fertility The present study aimed to determine the effect of mobile phone waves and using garlic on sexual hormones in rats. Methods: 28 adult male rats with average weight of 236.5 g were selecte MoreIntroduction: Electromagnetic waves is effect factor on sexual glands and fertility The present study aimed to determine the effect of mobile phone waves and using garlic on sexual hormones in rats. Methods: 28 adult male rats with average weight of 236.5 g were selected. Rats were divided into 4 groups of 7. Experimental group A: Receiving 900 MHz microwave waves, experimental group B: receiving 20 ml the extract of cooked garlic, experimental group C: receiving 20 ml the extract of cooked garlic extract with microwave light at wave length 900 MHz, control group: untreated group with normal diet. Then the concentration of sexualhormones were measured. Results: Estrogen and hydroepiandrosterone levels that were exposured to electromagnetic wave were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P <0.05). The group with using garlic extract and receiving the wave of mobile phone simultaneously, there was a significant increasing in the concentration of estrogen, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone comparing to the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion and Discussion: Garlic extract could not offset the damaging effects of sexual hormones in rats were exposed to radiation and use garlic extract simultaneously. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Effect of melon seed extract (Cucumis melo var. inodorous) on renal expression of osteopontin and lithostathin coding genes in urolithiatic male rats
Maryam Eidi Mona Manouchehr-Mirza Mahdi EbrahimiKidney stone is one of the most important diseases of the urinary tract and the most important cause of death due to urinary tract disease. The prevalence of urinary tract disease is increasing and therefore more effective and low-risk therapies are needed for treatment MoreKidney stone is one of the most important diseases of the urinary tract and the most important cause of death due to urinary tract disease. The prevalence of urinary tract disease is increasing and therefore more effective and low-risk therapies are needed for treatment. Melon seeds have been suggested for the treatment of kidney diseases such as kidney stones. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of melon seed on renal expression of osteopontin and lithostathin coding genes in male rats with kidney stones. Induction of calcium oxalate kidney stone was performed by oral treatment of ammonium chloride (3 days) and ethylene glycol (38 days) in male rats. Potassium citrate and hydro-ethanolic extract of melon seed were treated orally with ethylene glycol for 38 days. After 41 days, the animals were anesthetized and their right kidney was removed for evaluation of renal expression of osteopontin and lithostathin coding genes by real-time PCR. Results showed that daily oral administration of potassium citrate and extract (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight) significantly increased the expression of osteopontin coding gene (spp1) in experimental rats compared to control group (p <0.001). Also, daily oral administration of potassium citrate and extract significantly increased lithostathin coding gene (reg1a) expression in experimental rats compared to control group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, melon seed extract can improve kidney stone disease by enhancing the expression of osteopontin and lithostathin-encoding genes and is more effective than potassium citrate in treating the disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Effect of oral tramadol on rat Spleen tissue in male Wistar rats
sahar molzemi mohsen aminian Mohammad Afshar Ardalan Amir Hossein AshnaeiIntroduction : Tramadol the right drugs are synthetic opioid analgesics or Epoxied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral tramadol on Spleen in rats Wistar male rats.Methods: In this study, 60 male Wistar rats randomized into 3 groups (1 control group MoreIntroduction : Tramadol the right drugs are synthetic opioid analgesics or Epoxied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral tramadol on Spleen in rats Wistar male rats.Methods: In this study, 60 male Wistar rats randomized into 3 groups (1 control group, and experimental groups of 1, 2). In control group adequate serum physiology and in experimental groups a dose of mercuric chloride infused into peritoneal cavity, for 30 days. The amount of gavage tramadol were, 50ml /kg group 2, 100 ml /kg , every other day for 30 days. After the end of the day appointed for Histological analysis Some blood parameters of Spleen samples, were tested.Results :And & two experimental groups a very high density and exposure area is full of blood and lymphoid cells. Particles of hemosiderin in both groups showed a significant increase..Conclusion: This study showed that long-term oral administration of Tramadol causes histological changes in the SpleenKeywords: tramadol, Spleen, mouse, rats, Wistar Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Excitatory and inhibitory effects of nitric oxide on the process of evolution of the Cardiomyocyte of rat embryo
Seyed Mohammad Hossein Noori Mugahi Mahnaz Azarnia Amir Ehsan Samie ZN Sharifi SH Movassaghi عطاردالسادات Mostafavinia پارسا Nazari Maryam ShiasiBackgrounds: According to increased consumption of supplements during pregnancy and the teratogenic impact of some drugs on evolution the vital systems of embryos, in this study to improve the health of the fetus and prevention of cardiovascular abnormalities as the mos MoreBackgrounds: According to increased consumption of supplements during pregnancy and the teratogenic impact of some drugs on evolution the vital systems of embryos, in this study to improve the health of the fetus and prevention of cardiovascular abnormalities as the most common cause of infant mortality, we examined the effects of L-Arginine and L-NAME administration on fetal rat heart.Material &Methods:Forty Wister rats, weighing 200-250gr with age of 8 weeks, were divided into 5 groups after observing the vaginal plug. Except the control group, the others were received 2ml/kg normal saline, 200mg/kg L-Arginine, 20mg/kg L-NAME and a mixture of the same doses of L-Arginine & L-NAME respectively on 8 to 11th gestational days via Intraperitoneal. The fetal Hearts were removed on 18th gestational days and were fixed in formalin 10 percent, after tissue preparation and staining method (H&E) histological changes were studied by Light microscopy Olympus Cx31 and software Image tools III.Results: Despite of the control group, the significant decrease (p <0.05) in the diameter of cells and their nuclei were observed in L-NAME group , L-NAME group also was associated with irregularities in heart muscle structure and intercalated and in the L-Arginine group severe Myogenesis and Angiogenesis was observed.Conclusion:Results of this study showed that Nitric oxide (NO) in amounts higher or lower than normal is associated with congenital heart diseases. Therefore, drugs and supplements should be used with caution especially during pregnancy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Behavioral and electrophysiological study on bone marrow stromal cell transplantation with olive extract in repair of severed sciatic nerve in rats
MOSTAFA MOAZAMI GODARZI Nasim Hayati Roodbari Gholamreza Kaka Kazem ParivarBackground and purpose: Behavioral and electrophysiological study on the use of bone marrow stromal cell transplantation along with olive extract in the repair of severed sciatic nerve in rats.Materials and Methods: After sciatic nerve amputation, adult male rats were r MoreBackground and purpose: Behavioral and electrophysiological study on the use of bone marrow stromal cell transplantation along with olive extract in the repair of severed sciatic nerve in rats.Materials and Methods: After sciatic nerve amputation, adult male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 7.Healthy rats, rats with sciatica without treatment intervention, rats with bone marrow stromal cells treated with olive extract at the site of amputation, rats with bone marrow stromal cells injected at the site of injury.The rate of recovery was assessed by sensory motor activity of the sciatic nerve, electrophysiological studies.Results: Sciatic nerve motor evaluation, no control group returned to normal in the eighth week, cell therapy group was restored with olive extract in the eighth week. The level of AMP in the eighth week after the restoration of the cell therapy group with a gentle slope indicates the recovery process of the cell therapy group.Counting the number of nerve fibers at an area of 1000 μm, the number of nerve fibers in the cell therapy groups increased in the eighth week after repair, compared with the control group and the PLGA membrane group. By the end of the eighth week, the sciatic nerve index (Hot Plate test), the healing process of the cell therapy group with olive extract was more evident to other groups.Conclusion: bone marrow stromal cell transplantation repairs sciatic nerve and olive extract along with bone marrow stromal cell accelerates sciatic nerve repair. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Hypolipidemic effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on serum lipid profile and PPAR-gamma gene expression in adipose tissue of hyperlipidemic male rats
Maryam Eidi Mahdieh MohseniHyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-methanolic extract of fenugreek on the serum lipids and PPAR-gamma gene expression in the adipose tissue of hyperlipidemic ra MoreHyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of hydro-methanolic extract of fenugreek on the serum lipids and PPAR-gamma gene expression in the adipose tissue of hyperlipidemic rats. Thirty-six adult male rats randomly were divided into 6 groups including normal group, control hyperlipidemic group (received 10% lipid in food), positive control hyperlipidemic rats (received atorvastatin at dose of 10 mg/kg, daily) and experimental hyperlipidemic rats (received extract at doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, daily). After 8 weeks and 12 h fastening, the animals were weighted and anesthetized by ether. The liver was removed and weighted. The blood and adipose tissue sampling were done. The weight gain, liver index, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, AST and ALT levels were measured by kit and PPAR-gamma gene expression in the adipose tissue was evaluated by real-time PCR. The results showed that oral treatment of atorvastatin and extract of fenugreek decreased weight gain, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, AST and ALT levels and PPAR-gamma gene expression in adipose tissue, while increased serum HDL level in experimental hyperlipidemic rats compared to control hyperlipidemic rats, significantly. So, the extract of fenugreek improved lipid profile and then down-regulated PPAR-gamma gene expression in adipose tissue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - The effect of warfarin on the development of male rat offspring cerebellum
Mino Mahmoodi Mona Baroodabi Siyamak ShahidiWarfarin is an oral anticoagulant agent prescribed for treating cardio-vascular disorder. It reduces the synthesis of vitamin K- dependent factors. As it can easily pass through the placenta, have unwilling effects on embryo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ef MoreWarfarin is an oral anticoagulant agent prescribed for treating cardio-vascular disorder. It reduces the synthesis of vitamin K- dependent factors. As it can easily pass through the placenta, have unwilling effects on embryo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of warfarin on the brain development of rat's offspring. In this study, 30 pregnant wistar rats were randomly divided in 5 groups, control, receiving normal saline, and receiving warfarin in doses at 0.25, 0.5, 0.65 ml/kg during days 14 – 18 of gestation by gavages. 40 days after birth, 6 male newborn were randomly selected in each groups. After anesthesia, serial cross sections of the left hemisphere of the brain were prepared and histological studies were done. The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-test. P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - اثربخشی تجویز خوراکی عصاره آبی بذر شنبلیله بر التیام زخم برشی در موشهای رت دیابتی
سید رزگار حسینی محمد رضا فرهپور سکینه نوری سعیدلودیابت، یکی از بیماری های غده ای در جهان است و التیام زخم را به تأخیر می اندازد. شنبلیله، دارای اثرات دارویی است. بنابراین این مطالعه با هدف بررسی کارایی تجویز خوراکی عصاره آبی بذر شنبلیله بر التیام زخم باز در مدل حیوانی آزمایشی دیابت انجام شد. استرپتوزوتوسین برای القای Moreدیابت، یکی از بیماری های غده ای در جهان است و التیام زخم را به تأخیر می اندازد. شنبلیله، دارای اثرات دارویی است. بنابراین این مطالعه با هدف بررسی کارایی تجویز خوراکی عصاره آبی بذر شنبلیله بر التیام زخم باز در مدل حیوانی آزمایشی دیابت انجام شد. استرپتوزوتوسین برای القای دیابت تجویز شد. یک زخم برشی با اندازه 6 میلیمتر روی ناحیه پشتی 24 موش صحرایی ایجاد شد. حیوانات به 4 گروه غیردیابتی، کنترل دیابتی و دیابتی تجویز خوراکی شده با 200 و 400 میلی گرم/کیلوگرم از عصاره شنبلیله تقسیم شدند. اندازه ناحیه زخم، پارامترهای بافت شناسی و غلظت سرمی انسولین و گلوکز خون در روزهای 3، 7 و 16 بررسی شدند. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که تجویز عصاره آبی بذر شنبلیله بطور معنی داری ناحیه زخم و غلظت گلوکز را در مقایسه با گروه کنترل از روز 7 کاهش داد (0/05>P). در مجموع، تجویز خوراکی عصاره آبی بذر شنبلیله قند خون را کاهش داده و باعث بهبود التیام زخم در موش های صحرایی دیابتی شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - The Impressions of Interventricle - Brain Injection of Gold Nano-particles on the Number of Alveoli and Epithelial Cells in Mammary Glands of Female Rats after Childbirth
فاطمه رفیقدوست غلامحسن واعظیSince ancient times, gold has been prescribed by old doctors as food and medicine for cure of many illnesses like fear and stress. The purpose of this research is studying of the impression of inter ventricle- brain injection gold Nano-particles on the number of lobules MoreSince ancient times, gold has been prescribed by old doctors as food and medicine for cure of many illnesses like fear and stress. The purpose of this research is studying of the impression of inter ventricle- brain injection gold Nano-particles on the number of lobules and alveoli and epithelial cells in breast glands at female rotes after childbirth.Control groups for each period instead of gold nano-particles, received distilled water. After surgery, the rats were killed at the end of perfusion and brain was removed from the skull and they were removed from the skull and brains were stored in 10% formalin for 48 hours. Then 4andmu;m sections were prepared from frozen brains and the process of cutting and preparation of slides and stained slides were counted by the gratitude. In this research, the site of ventricle was indicated by using of Parkinson atlas and by stereo tax system a case study mice and guidance canals exactly installed on the same site. Nano-particle was injector to ventricle at amounts 1, 5 and 10 andmicro;g/ kg. Histological study of actual lobules and alveoli is performed at breast glands of animal 24, 48 and 72 hours after injection. Histological study of the breast glands shows that the injection of gold nano-particle at doses 1 andmicro;g/kg and 5 andmicro;g/kg increase the number of epithelial and alloys of breast glands at desert female mouse race of instar. But close 10andmicro;g/kg isnandrsquo;t such impressions.The results show that repeated doses of injected particles at various doses was effective in effect. Nano-particles of gold could act as a competitive antagonist of dopamine and dopamine receptor blocking effect on the release of dopamine effect on and inhibition of prolactin secretion is increased. PRL negative feedback on the hypothalamus of the way and reduce their secretion, which is a type of inhibition for each drug or increasing milk Probably one of the reasons that a dose of 10 micrograms per kilogram of gold nano-particles worked, so the effect of a negative feedback of prolactin on hypothalamic axis - the pituitary has been. The number of alveoli affected by the gold nano-particles with different doses compared to the control group and the dose was ineffective in some. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - HistologicalStudy of the Effect of Ethanol on the Injured Tendon in Rat
بهروز یحیاییEthanolhas a suppressive effect on inflammation and immune responses and its impact has been studied in different regions of the body. But there is no useful information about ethanol effects on tendon structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological ef MoreEthanolhas a suppressive effect on inflammation and immune responses and its impact has been studied in different regions of the body. But there is no useful information about ethanol effects on tendon structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological effects of ethanol on rat tendon is injured.Twenty rats were randomly divided in two groups: ethanol and control. The amount of ethanol in combination with glucose in the drinking water of rats was gradually increased and was also used by them. After one week of use, the Achilles tendon of rats at each junction of the calcaneus injury was induced. In the fourth week, all rats were sacrificed and the injured tendon samples were collected and were examined histologically. Ethanol-induced increases Tenocyte with abnormal morphology, disruption and irregular collagen fibers toward increasing the number of Tenocyte and neovascularization was 3 weeks after tendon injury.Tendon in the ethanol group than the control group did not have any healing or improvement. The results of this study showed that ethanol causes delayed healing and tendon reformation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - The Effect of Nicotine on the Serum Level of Glucagon and Glucose in Adult Male Rats
سید ابراهیم حسینیNicotine is an alkaloid that is used by millions of people around the world through smoking and Effectsonthebody, especially the endocrine system. On the other hand, millions of people in the world suffer from diabetes. Hence, this study investigated the effects of nico MoreNicotine is an alkaloid that is used by millions of people around the world through smoking and Effectsonthebody, especially the endocrine system. On the other hand, millions of people in the world suffer from diabetes. Hence, this study investigated the effects of nicotine on serum levels of the hormone glucagon and glucose was performed in adult male rats. Thisstudyisanexperimental study. In this research, 50 male mature rats with an averageweight of220-250 grams were enrolled as the experiment, witness and control groups. The experimental group was divided into 3 subgroups and 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg per kg of nicotine was injectedintraperitoneally for 5 days. Around the sametimeevery day1 ml Physiological serum was given to the witness group, but the control group did not receive anything. At the end of 6 days, blood sample was taken from the heart ventral areas and the Serum levelsof glucagonhormone were measured using radioimmunoassay (RIA) method and the commercial kits. The results were evaluated using one-way ANOVA. According to the results of this study, Nicotineatalldosessignificantly increasedserum levels ofthe hormoneglucagon and glucose andthedosageincreased, the rateofincreaseishigher(Pandlt;0.01).Theresults ofthis studycanbeconcluded thatnicotine whichstimulateglucagonsecretion Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - The Effects of Pomegranate JuiceonHomogram inAdult MaleRats
سید ابراهیم حسینی داود مهربانی حمیدرضا قائدیPomegranatesarea greatsourceofantioxidant compoundssuchaspolyphenols, which preventstheoxidative stress and is effectiveinimprovingblood circulation. Thisstudywasconductedto determine theeffects ofpomegranate juiceonhomogramadult malerats.Inexperimentalstudy 40 male Wis MorePomegranatesarea greatsourceofantioxidant compoundssuchaspolyphenols, which preventstheoxidative stress and is effectiveinimprovingblood circulation. Thisstudywasconductedto determine theeffects ofpomegranate juiceonhomogramadult malerats.Inexperimentalstudy 40 male Wistarratswere divided intofive groups: control, sham and experimental. The experimental groupwas dividedintothree categories: Theywere givenpomegranate juicewithvalues 1, 2 and 4 mlorallyduring21 days. The sham groupreceiveddistilled water and the control groupdid notreceiveanything.Bloodsamples were takenat the end ofthe twenty-firstdayoftheventriclesof animals and all blood sampleswere measuredusingroutinelaboratorymethods, the total number ofwhite blood cells, red, platelets, hemoglobin and hematocrit,meancell hemoglobinconcentration, meancorpuscularhemoglobinandmeancorpuscularvolume. The resultswere analyzedusingANOVAandt-test. The results showed that pomegranate juice may be a dose-dependent decrease in white blood cells, the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood, the platelets, the percentage of lymphocytes and monocytes (P 0.05).The results ofthis studyshowed thatPomegranate juicemaybe effectiveonhomogramby havingflavonoid andantioxidant compounds Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - The Effect of Pomegranate Juice on Some Factors of Hemogram and Weight in Diabetic Mature Male Rats
سیدابراهیم حسینی داود مهربانی حمیدرضا قایدیPomegranate juiceis an important source of antioxidant compounds and is a rich source of poly phenols, which are able to deal with the harmful effects of oxidation processes in tissues. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of pomegranate juice on some fact MorePomegranate juiceis an important source of antioxidant compounds and is a rich source of poly phenols, which are able to deal with the harmful effects of oxidation processes in tissues. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of pomegranate juice on some factors of hemogram and weight in diabetic mature male rats.48 mature male rats were studied in the groups of normal control, sham and experimental, diabetic control, sham and experimental. The experimental groupsweredivided into three categories hadreceivedagavageamountsjuicewith1,2 and4 mldaily for21 days.The sham group received distilled water and the control group was not treated. At the end of21 dayswere bledfromthe heartventricle of the animalsandusing routinelaboratory were measuredthe total number ofwhite and red Globule blood, platelets, hemoglobin andhematocrit, meancell hemoglobinconcentration, meancellhemoglobin, MCVandweightchange. The data were evaluated usingANOVA, LSD and t test. The results showed that pomegranate juice can increase weight, number of white globule and volume of globule red, and decrease of platelets in mature male rats. The findings concluded that pomegranate juice probably due to antioxidant compounds and reduce stress hormones can increase white globule and weight and decrease platelets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Effect of Tamoxifen on Oogenesis of the Female Wistar Rats
زهرا کشتمند شهربانو عریان کاظم پریورTamoxifen is a nonsteroidalantiestrogen which is prescribed for treatment of breast cancer. Some negative effects of this drug on the reproductive system have been observed.The major aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Tamoxifen on the oogenesis in female MoreTamoxifen is a nonsteroidalantiestrogen which is prescribed for treatment of breast cancer. Some negative effects of this drug on the reproductive system have been observed.The major aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Tamoxifen on the oogenesis in female Wistar rats. Three group of rats (250 gr range ) gavaged with Tamoxifen doses of 200, 400 and 600 andmicro;g/kg B.W(exp.1, exp.2, exp.3 ) dissolved in solvent [ethanol 60 % and physiological solution] for 30 days. The sham group was gavaged with solvent and control did not receive solvent or drug. On days 1and 30 after the end of treatment, sections of ovary stained with Handamp;E method and were observed histologically. Results of the observation were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA, Tukey test and using SPSS software determined andplusmn;SEthe means Result were termed significant if Pandle;0.05. In the first sampling number of primordial follicle, secondary follicle ,graafian follicle and corpus luteum were decreased significantly in experimental groups which received Tamoxifen compared with control group [pandlt;0.001]. In the second sampling, number of primordial follicle secondary follicle, graafian follicle and corpus luteum increased compared with first sampling. The numbers of offsprings in experimental groups were less than control litters.These findings suggest thatTamoxifen decreases the fertilization ability and has negative effects on the oogenesis in female Wistar rats. Some of negative effects of Tamoxifen on reproduction ability, is abolished with time elapsed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - The Effect of Cinnamon Extract on Ovary in Adult Rats Treated Lead Acetate
V. Hemayatkhah Jahromi P. BaqerzadehOne of the very dangerous contaminants in environment as a result of technology development and industries is lead and its derivatives. There are several reports that show causes of infertility in people in different ways to lead. In this study was to evaluate the antio MoreOne of the very dangerous contaminants in environment as a result of technology development and industries is lead and its derivatives. There are several reports that show causes of infertility in people in different ways to lead. In this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of cinnamon on the elimination of lead poisoning on the changes in ovarian tissue. Animals used 42 adult female Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups, including control group that received no drug, the Sham group 1 (solvent), Sham group 2 (0.6 g daily lead acetate), Sham group 3 (1.5mg/kg of cinnamon extract daily), experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 per day in addition to 0.6g of lead acetate, respectively 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg cinnamon extract for 14 days. At the end of the ovary was removed and histological studies is performed. The results showed number of primordial follicles in the experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 have decreased compared to control and Sham groups 3(p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - The Effect of Clorpyrifos Pesticide on Tissue Changes of Kidney in Female Mature Rats
آسیه اوراقی وحید حمایت خواه جهرمی محمد زارعیانToxicity due to pesticide is the most wide spreading kind of toxicity which may have seen accidentally in persons who utilize these combinations for different purposes. The aim of this research is the investigation of the effect of clorpyrifos pesticide tissue changes o MoreToxicity due to pesticide is the most wide spreading kind of toxicity which may have seen accidentally in persons who utilize these combinations for different purposes. The aim of this research is the investigation of the effect of clorpyrifos pesticide tissue changes of kidney in female mature rats. At this research 40 mature female rats from Wistar race were selected with 200andplusmn;15 g and 2.5 months age and divided into 4 of 10 groups. Control group didnand#39;t receive any drug. Experimental 1, 2 and 3 groups received doses of 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg of clorpyrifos interpritoneally. After 14 days, rats were analyzed and kidney tissues extracted and were inserted at %10 formalin solutions. Then histological studies were performed and measurable factors are including diameter of cortical and medulla parts, glomerulus, Bowmanand#39;s capsule, proximal and distal, Henle and collecting tubules. The results of this research show that the diameter of cortical part has significantly decreased in experimental 1 and 2 groups in comparison with control group. Collecting tubule diameter also at experimental 1, 2 and 3 groups has significantly increased (Pandlt;0.05). The clorpyrifos with effecting on cortical parts of kidney and collecting tubules resulted in kidney disorder that probably this effect is mediated by the oxygen active kinds mechanism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - The Effect of Anethum graveolensExtract on Changes of Estrogen and Progesterone Hormones in treatment of Polycystic Ovary in Rats
وحید حمایت خواه جهرمی پریسا زارعی فردجهرمیOne of the most common causes of in fertility is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 6-8 percent of womens of child bearing age are affected with endocrine disorders. If the extract contains flavonoids, phytoestrogens are compounds that are effective in treating many d MoreOne of the most common causes of in fertility is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 6-8 percent of womens of child bearing age are affected with endocrine disorders. If the extract contains flavonoids, phytoestrogens are compounds that are effective in treating many diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of changes in estrogen and progesterone hormones in polycystic mice.35 female Wistar rats weighing 20±180g in 2 to 3 consecutive estrous cycles were selected. Then divided into 5 groups of 7 to include a control group (no drug), polycystic group (day 4 mg/kg estradiolvalerate drugs were given intramuscularly), experimental 1, 2 and 3 groups, which also received 4mg/kg estradiolvalerate medication, daily doses, minimum, average and maximum to extract the received intraperitoneally. After 21days, all mice were bled to measure the hormones estrogen and progesterone was used.Level estrogen concentrations in the polycystic group and the experimental group that Anethum graveolens minimum and average dose received has increased significantly compared with control requirements. Progesterone concentration in polycystic experimental group has a significant decrease compared with control requirements. The subjects were identified that are likely to extract improves ovary polycystic syndrome due to changes in the concenteration of estrogen and progesterone hormones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - The Effect of Hydro-alcoholic Extract of Palm Meristemon the Levels of Gonadotropins and Sex Steroid Hormones in Adult Male Rats with Hypothyroidism
مریم صالحی مختار مختاریMedicinal plants have various uses, one of which is in the treatment of infertility. Different parts of Palm, Phoenix Dactylifera of the Palmaceae family, are used as medicine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of hydro alcoholic extract of Palm MoreMedicinal plants have various uses, one of which is in the treatment of infertility. Different parts of Palm, Phoenix Dactylifera of the Palmaceae family, are used as medicine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of hydro alcoholic extract of Palm meristem. On the levels of gonadotropin (LH and FSH) and sex steroids (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone) in adult male rats with hypothyroidism. In this experimental study, 48 adult male wistar rats, each weighing approximately 190 to 200 grams and up to 3 months of age, were used. Animals were randomly divided into 6 groups of 8: The control received standard food and water, the sham got two ml distilled water, the experimental group 1 was orally treated with 25 mg/kg methimazolefor 10 days, the experimental group 2 orally received 200mg/kg Palm meristem extract for 21 days, and experimental groups 3 and 4 were first treated with 25mg/kgmethimazolefor 10 days and then with 100 and 200 mG/kgextract for 21 days respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken and the serum levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were measured by Elisa tests. The results were analyzed using SPSSsoftware and ANOVA statistical test, and the significant statistical difference between control and experimental groups was considered 0.05 P=0.05. Results showed that mean serum concentrations of LH,testosterone and dihydrotestosterone hormones declined significantly in the experimental Group 1 compared with control and sham groups. Also, serum levels of LH , testosterone and dihydrotestosterone increased significantly in the experimental groups 3 and 4 compared with experimental group 1, however, only testosterone rose in the experimental group 2 in respect to sham and control groups. Comparison of mean serum concentrations ofFSH showed no significant difference among various groups.Based on the results of this research and other studies, presence of antioxidant compounds and micronutrients in the Palm meristem extract are able to elevate the decreased levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormones, and improve the reproductive performance of testis through enhancing activities of thyroid hormones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - The Effect of Oral Cyclosporine on Plasma Levels of Parathormone and Calcitonin in Adult Male Rat
غلامحسن واعظی ریحانه پوزش محمد رضا خواجه دلوییFear is known as an emotional response to the threat and included autonomic, neuroendocrine and behavioral responses. Many scientists have discovered the healing properties of plants and recourse to medicinal herbs always through history has was been one of the ways tre MoreFear is known as an emotional response to the threat and included autonomic, neuroendocrine and behavioral responses. Many scientists have discovered the healing properties of plants and recourse to medicinal herbs always through history has was been one of the ways treatment effective. In this research, was studied the comparison of injection cardamomum seed aqueous and methanolic extracts on fear behavior induced by PTZ. In this study, animals were divided in to two defferent groups, each group was comprised of three groups.Control group that 1lit, saline received (i.c.v). Sham group that received 20 mg/kg PTZ (i.p). The experimental group, were received doses 3,10,30 g/rat of cardamomum seed aqueous extract (i.c.v) and PTZ(i.p), too experimental two group, were received doses 3,10,30 g/rat of methanolic extract (i.c.v) and 20 mg/kg PTZ(i.p). The fear effect was evaluated by using an Elevated plus-maze. Injection comparison of cardamomum seed aqueous and methanolic extracts, increased open arm time percentage (%OAT) ,open arm entries percentage (%OAE) and locomotor activity that 30 g/rat dose increased in % OAT, % OAE and % CATsignificantly. The results show that compounds in cardamomum seed in aqueous and methanolic extracts decrease fear induced by PTZ probably through interaction with gabaergic system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - The Evaluation of the Interference effect of Fumaria parviflora Ethanolic Extract and Medicine Chlorambucil on the Spermatogenesis of Male Wistar Rat
زهرا حبیبی میترا حیدری نصر آبادی عبدالحسین شیروی مونا سوریThis study the effects of ethanolic extract of Fumaria with the scientific name of Fumaria parviflora that belongs to the family of Fumariacea as an anti-oxidan and interference of it with chlorambucil in testis tissue is considered. The aim of this study is to investig MoreThis study the effects of ethanolic extract of Fumaria with the scientific name of Fumaria parviflora that belongs to the family of Fumariacea as an anti-oxidan and interference of it with chlorambucil in testis tissue is considered. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect site of chlorambucil in testis tissue and protective role of the Fumaria ethanolic extract, against male wistar rats is grouped in six, seven group(n=7). The witness 1 group was served with only liquid oil; the witness 2 group was served only with 10 mg/kg w.b. chlorambucil. The treatment 1 group 150mg/kg w.b Fumaria ethanolic extract, the treatment groups 2, 3, 4 were served with10 mg/kg w.b. chlorambucil and 150, 250, 350mg/kgw.b. Fumaria ethanolic extract respectively Chl via gavage. After 15 days the rats should be analysed and their testis were brought out and after the morphometry studies, they were studied histologically. Germinal epithelium is considered and the number of cells were counteddistinguish that chlorambucil in witness 2 group was very effective and the size of testis and the number of sperms were greatly decreased, but in treatment groups the changes were related to dosage of Fumaria ethanolic extract. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - The Effects of Hydroalcohlic Walnut Extract of Juglans regia Male Flower on Blood Sugar Level and Liver Enzymes Activity in Intact and Diabetic Adult Male Rat
سید ابراهیم حسینی کاظم کریم زادهDiabetes is a metabolic disorder with hyperglycemia due to defects in secretion, insulin function or both are specified. Walnut nutritional purposes in addition to traditional medicine in Iran is also used to treat diabetes, so this study examines the effect of male flo MoreDiabetes is a metabolic disorder with hyperglycemia due to defects in secretion, insulin function or both are specified. Walnut nutritional purposes in addition to traditional medicine in Iran is also used to treat diabetes, so this study examines the effect of male flowers on some walnut diabetes on diabetic male rats by measuring the amount of blood sugar and liver enzymes. The study on 80 male rats with 200 to 225 grams weight, which accidentally in three groups were performed. The first group: Control, Second: Diabetic 32 and next Group: Non-diabetic 32 over each of the groups to four are divided into eight categories: (A) The control group received normal saline, (B) treated with experimental group received the extract 2g/kg,) C) Received the extract 4g/kg, (D) Extract the downloaded 6g/kg. Eight rats were used for determination of lethal doses of LD50. For diabetes as IP 60mg/kg of streptozotocin were used. Rat daily for 15 days as a single dose extracts were treated at the end of the fifteenth day from the ventricular blood sampling were performed.Results showed a significant reduction blood sugar and ASAT,ALP in diabetics than non-diabetic group receiving thehydroalcoholic extractof male flowers walnut. However this effect is not dependent dose. In this study hydroalcoholic extract useful effect of male flowers Walnut liver damage due to inhibition and reduced blood sugar and liver enzymes levels, non-dose dependent, was observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Histological Changes in the Kidney of Fetuses of Citalopram Treated Pregnant Rats
زینب محمدی مهناز آذرنیا عبدالحسین شیرویCitalopram is an antidepressant drug which is specifically recommended for treatment of depression disorders during pregnancy and lactation. This drug and its metabolite cross the placenta and they are eliminated by kidneys from the body. In this study, histological cha MoreCitalopram is an antidepressant drug which is specifically recommended for treatment of depression disorders during pregnancy and lactation. This drug and its metabolite cross the placenta and they are eliminated by kidneys from the body. In this study, histological changes in the kidney of fetuses of pregnant Wistar albino rats treated with two doses of Citalopram (10 and 20 mg/kg/day) were determined. The samples of kidney obtained from fetuses of rats on day 18of gestation were evaluated morphologically and fixed for histology.The sections stained with Handamp;E. Statistical evaluation of data showed that there were no differences in kidney weights between the control and citalopram treatment groups. Moreover, no significant changes were observed in the kidney histology and glomerular number of none of treated groups. The results suggest that citalopram can be considered safe for fetus in pregnancy period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Nicotinic and NMDA Receptors Interaction in the Dorsal Hippocampus of Rats in the Elevated Plus-Maze Test of Anxiety
مرتضی پیری محمد ناصحی مریم السادات شاهینNicotinic and glutamatergic receptors have role on anxiety-like behavior. But determination site of action for these receptors in the brain needs to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the possible involvement of nicotinic and glutamatergic recept MoreNicotinic and glutamatergic receptors have role on anxiety-like behavior. But determination site of action for these receptors in the brain needs to be investigated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the possible involvement of nicotinic and glutamatergic receptors in the dorsal hippocampus on anxiety- like behavior. The male Wistar rats were placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Two stainless-steel cannuale were placed in the CA1 region of hippocampus. Then, anxiety-like behaviors of animals has been measured using the elevated plus-maze. Our results shown that intra-CA1 administration of MK801 (2 andmicro;g/rat) and mecamylamine (2 andmicro;g/rat) by itself, increased percentage of open arm time and open arm entries but did not alter locomotion. On the other hand, intra-CA1 co-administration of ineffective doses of mecamylamine (0.5, 1 andmicro;g/rat) with ineffective dose of MK801 (1 andmicro;g/rat) did not any significant effect on anxiety-like behavior and locomotion activity. Although both NMDA and nicotinic receptors play important role in the modulation of anxiety in the dorsal hippocampus of rats but between these receptors have no interaction on anxiety-like behavior in this site. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Purslane (Portulaca Oleracea) on Memorizing and Passive Avoidance Learning in Male Wistar Rats
حیدر آقابابا فریبا جعفری شیبانی حسین عباسپورAqueous extract of purslane (Portulaca Oleracea) is a rich source of omega-3fatty acids that has a major role in the evolution of the brain and nervous system and increasing memory. Therefore in this study, effects of aqueous extract of purslane on passive avoidance lea MoreAqueous extract of purslane (Portulaca Oleracea) is a rich source of omega-3fatty acids that has a major role in the evolution of the brain and nervous system and increasing memory. Therefore in this study, effects of aqueous extract of purslane on passive avoidance learning and memory were investigated by measuring the amount of STL (delayed phase) in 40 male Wistar rats weighing 180 to 220 g. The Rats for a weektocompromise with theenvironment(In theheatof the21 andplusmn; 2anddeg; C, 12 hours lightand12 hoursdarkness)were keptin the animalandrsquo;sroom.Purslane purchased from herb shops, and then it was mill after drying and then its aqueous extract was used for examinations on Rats in the shuttle box unit. The One-Way Analysis of Variance to determine the mean and standard error for each group were performed and the Schaffer and Tukey tests for the statistical interpretations were used. Acceptable level for statistical analysis of mean difference, p andgt; 0.05 was considered. In this study, doses of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg were used. The dose of 0.25 mg/kg was selected as the effective dose that would increase the levels of cortisol and the STL. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - The Study of Inhalation of OC Pepper Spray on Anxiety-like Behavior in Adult Male Rat
منصوره بهمئی نژاد غلامحسن واعظی حسین عباسپورOC Spray would be utilized when there is unrest and by non-military people for personal defend and defending against animals. All the OC spray products are in flammable. OC is an inflammatory factor and dislike tear-gas this would influence the alcoholists and druggists MoreOC Spray would be utilized when there is unrest and by non-military people for personal defend and defending against animals. All the OC spray products are in flammable. OC is an inflammatory factor and dislike tear-gas this would influence the alcoholists and druggists. The symptoms would be exhibited immediately if this spray contacts mocuses (eyes, nose, throat and the lungs): The eye capillaries would be exhibited and cause the eyes to be blind temporality and result in tracheal tissues to be inflammated and some problems for inhalation but victim is able to breath yet. No comprehensive information are available on inhalation effects of exposing to this spray of time and it level usage on anxiety (fear) behaviors, therefore this study dose intend to consider effect of inhalation OC spray on anxiety (fear) behaviors in rats. The animals used in current study were adult male rats, Wistar strain of weighting 210andplusmn; 20 gr divided into 4 experimental groups and a control group. 6 experimental rats were placed within chamber and were exposed to OC spray for 3 seconds into chamber. The rats were remind for 90 seconds within inhalation room, respectively and were returned to their cagesand after 10, 20, 30 Plus maze was used to measure animal anxiety levels for each of experimental groups after passing go minutes.A Significant rising was observed to consider anxiety measurement levels in experimental groups and comparing them with control group (pandle;0.05). Increasing in OC exposure time as well as passing time would result in rising anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - The Effect of Urtica dioica Hydro-Alcoholic Extract on the Plasma Level of Pituitary Thyroid Axis Hormones and Some of the Liver Enzymes in Adult Male Wistar Rat
حیدر آقابابا سیده نیره حسینی سید ابراهیم حسینیUrtica dioicais a herbaceous, perennial and enumerate medicinal plant.Urtica dioica is an indigene plant in Iran and in last years many pharmaceutics effect are reported about it plant. In this research, the effect of Urtica dioicahydro-alcoholic extract of the plasma l MoreUrtica dioicais a herbaceous, perennial and enumerate medicinal plant.Urtica dioica is an indigene plant in Iran and in last years many pharmaceutics effect are reported about it plant. In this research, the effect of Urtica dioicahydro-alcoholic extract of the plasma levels of thyroid hormones (T4, T3), TSH and liver enzymes,alanin amino transfrase(ALT), aspartate amino transfrase(AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were studied. In this experimental study, the experiments were performed on 40 adult male wistar rats with weight about 210andplusmn;10 gr, which were divided into 5 groups. The experimental groups received 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg of the Urtica dioica extract with injected intraperitoneally (IP) for 28 days respectively. Sham group received only solvent (distilled water) and control group did not receive any thing. At the end of experiment by collecting the blood samples from heart animals, plasma level of T3,T4 and TSH were measured by using ELISA Technique and enzymes liver AST, ALT, ALP by photometric method. Detected data were analyzed by T-test and ANOVA (pandle; 0/05). The results showed significant increase in the level of TSH hormone in the each three experimental groups compared with the control group. The level of T4 hormone significantly decreased in the each three experimental groups compared with the control group. Also the level of T3 showed significant decrease in experimental group receiving 50,100 mg/kg extract compared with the control group. The Level of AST, ALT enzymes in experimental groups showed no significant difference compared with the control group, While ALP enzyme in experimental and sham groups showed significant increase compared with control group. The results of this research have been shown that extract of this plant could affect on HPT axis and have no effect on some of the liver enzymes respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Influence of L-NAME in the Ventral Tegmental Area in the Improving Effect of Nicotine on Amnesia Induced by Morphine on Adult Male Rats
مرتضی پیری مریم السادات شاهین مسعود ملکی محمدرضا زرین دستNitric oxide synthase has been detected in ventral tegmental area, which is a key brain region that seems mediate behavioral effect of morphine and nicotine. In the present study, the possible involvement of L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, in the ventral tegm MoreNitric oxide synthase has been detected in ventral tegmental area, which is a key brain region that seems mediate behavioral effect of morphine and nicotine. In the present study, the possible involvement of L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, in the ventral tegmental area in nicotineandrsquo;s effect on morphine state-dependent learning was investigated. This experimental study was performed on 300 Adult male Wistar rats. Rats were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride, plus xylazine and then placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Two stainless-steel cannuale were placed in the ventral tegmental area. The animals trained in a step-through type inhibitory avoidance task, and tested 24h after training to measure step-through latency for the assessment of memory in male Wistar rats.Post-training or pre-test injection of morphine (5 and 7.5 mg/kg) caused amnesia. The amnesia induced by post-training administration of morphine restored by pretest injection of morphine (5 and 7.5 mg/kg) or nicotine (0.5 and 1 mg/kg). Interestingly, pre-test co-administration of ineffective doses of nicotine (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg) plus ineffective dose of morphine (2.5 mg/kg) reversed the amnesia induced by morphine. Pre-test injection of L-NAME (1 and 2 andmicro;g/rat, intra-VTA) by itself impairs memory and prevents the nicotine reversal of morphine effect on memory. The ensemble of these observations suggests that morphine-induced state-dependent learning can be modulated through the nicotinic and nitric oxide systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Involvement of ventral tegmental area muscarinic and NMDA receptors on memory retrieval in passive avoidance task
گلاویز محمودی مرتضی پیری علی پورمتعبد صبریه امینیBehavioural studies have suggested interactions between cholinergic and glutamatergic systems. In the present study, the effect of intra-VTA pretest administration of a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist, scopolamine, glutamatergic drugs and their interact MoreBehavioural studies have suggested interactions between cholinergic and glutamatergic systems. In the present study, the effect of intra-VTA pretest administration of a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist, scopolamine, glutamatergic drugs and their interaction on inhibitory avoidance response was investigated.Rats were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride, plus xylazine and then placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Also, two stainless-steel cannuale were placed in the ventral tegmental area. A step-through inhibitory avoidance task was used for memory assessment in male Wistar rats. The drug injected 5 min before testing and the step-through latency was measured with a stopwatch as inhibitory avoidance memory.The results showed that intra-VTA pretest administration of scopolamine (3 and 4 andmu;g/rat) and NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (1 and 2 andmu;g/rat) impair memory retention. Interestingly, co-administration of an ineffective dose of MK801 (0.5 andmu;g/rat) with ineffective doses of scopolamine (1 and 2 andmu;g/rat) significantly decreased the inhibitory avoidance memory. Although pretest intra-VTA injections of NMDA (0.001 and 0.01 andmu;g/rat) had no effect by itself,but its co-administration with scopolamine (4 andmu;g/rat) prevented the decreasing effect of scopolamine on inhibitory avoidance memory retention.Our data may indicate that muscarinic and NMDA receptors in the VTA may be involved in the mechanism(s) modulating inhibitory avoidance memory retention through the VTA dopaminergic projections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - The effect of (Anethum graveolens) seed alcoholic extract on spermatogenesis in male wistar rats
معصومه سلامت منش عبدالحسین شیروی میترا حیدری نصرآبادیAnethum graveolens(Dill) is a member of the Apiaceae family. As a folk remedy, dill seeds have been used to increase motherandrsquo;s milk production. While high doses of dill has been mentioned to weaken sexual and decreases spermatogenesis in males. In this study MoreAnethum graveolens(Dill) is a member of the Apiaceae family. As a folk remedy, dill seeds have been used to increase motherandrsquo;s milk production. While high doses of dill has been mentioned to weaken sexual and decreases spermatogenesis in males. In this study the effects of Anethum graveolens seeds alcoholic extracts on the reproductive system of adult male rats, was investigated. 24 Wistar rats, weighting 210-230 gr, divided into 3 groups of control, experimental 1 and experimental 2. Experimental groups were injected with 50 mg/rat and 100 mg/rat of alcoholic extracts of dill seeds for 16 days. The control group received normal saline for the same period. At the 16th day the reproductive organs were separated and weighted. Histological changes was studied in testes among experimental and control groups. The results were evaluated by using one way Anova and Tukey test. The results indicated significant decrease of weight and volume of testis. Histological studies showed significant effects such as decreased number of spermatogonium, spermatocyte and spermatid. Sperm number was decreased in group that received 50 mg/rat of A.g seed alcoholic extract. Seminiferous tubule diameter was decreased in experimental groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Effects of Peritoneal injection of seed extract of Ipomoea violacea on fear behavior in male wistar rats.
الهام ابوالفضلی غلامحسن واعظیMorning Glory Seeds called tlitlitzin were used ritually by the Aztec for their psychoactive properties to communicate with the Sun Gods. Spanish chroniclers in the mid 16th century reported on the divinatory use of these seeds. Their use has continued in southern Mexic MoreMorning Glory Seeds called tlitlitzin were used ritually by the Aztec for their psychoactive properties to communicate with the Sun Gods. Spanish chroniclers in the mid 16th century reported on the divinatory use of these seeds. Their use has continued in southern Mexico, although it wasnand#39;t until about 1900 that tlitlitzin was identified botanically as Morning Glory.In this research the effect of Ethanolic extract of Ipomoea violacea on fear behavior in the adult male rats. Research based on Intra cerebro ventricular (I.C.V) injection of amount (250,500,1000 andmu;g/rat) ethanolic extract of Ipomoea violacea and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) with 20 mg/kg dose (I.P).In control group 1 andmicro;l of saline had been injected and in positive control group 20 mg/kg of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) .Intra peritonealy (I.P) had been injected. Elevated Plus andndash; maze used for behavioral test. Results showed i.c.v injection of 1000 (andmu;g /rat ) in comparison with control group(saline) increased fear (p andlt; 0.05). Meanwhile have not any significant difference between all doses with positive control and saline control. showed i.c.v injection of 1000 (andmu;g/rat ) with 20 (andmu;g/rat) PTZ drug i.p injection in comparison with control group (saline) increased fear (p andlt; 0.05) and too showed i.c.v injection of 500 (andmu;g/rat ) in comparison with positive control group decrease fear (p andlt; 0.05). There are between 500 and 1000 (andmu;g/rat ) significant difference.Final this study confirm effective of ethanolic extract Ipomoea violacea seeds On fear behavior and interaction between extract with drug PTZ. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - The effect of intraperitoneal injection of alcoholic extract Foeniculum vulgare seed on gonadotropic and testosterone hormones in male wistar rats
سیده فهیمه میرسید عبدالحسین شیروی میترا حیدری نصرآبادیAlways population increase is assumed one the main problems of societies and population control with chemical drugs is one of the most human concern.Side effects of use this drugs drives human to use of vegetable drugs. Foeniculum vulgare is one of them witch this curre MoreAlways population increase is assumed one the main problems of societies and population control with chemical drugs is one of the most human concern.Side effects of use this drugs drives human to use of vegetable drugs. Foeniculum vulgare is one of them witch this current study addressed to survey the effect of its seed alcoholic extract on gonadotropin hormones changes. In this study is used the male rat of wistar race 2-3 month aged (with the approximated weight of 190andplusmn;10 gr). Animal was classified to four experimental group and one control groups. Four experimental group for 15 days was received the doses of 35,70,140,280 mg/kg of fennel seed alcoholic extract. At this time was inject the physiology serum to control group intraperitonealy(IP). During experimental take place blood sampling from animals in 7 and 15 to asses the hormone and the testosterone hormone such as LH, FSH was evaluated with considering to results the level of LH, FSH in case group in first week has significant difference to control group at sometime and decreasing trend in dose of 35 to 280 mg/kg. Furthermore the levels of these hormones in second week at case groups show the significant difference with decreasing trend. This is Warthy to say that the level of testosterone hormone has significant difference only between first and second week. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Effects of (Physalis alkekengi) fruit’s alcoholic extract on development of placentas in pregnant wistar rats
مهناز نسیمی میترا حیدری نصرآبادی عبدالحسین شیرویIn the present study, the teratogenic effects of Physalis alkekengi on the development of placentas at 4th and 6th days of pregnancy had been studied. Material and Methods: Thirty female rats as random divided to 6 groups including control, experimental 1 and experi MoreIn the present study, the teratogenic effects of Physalis alkekengi on the development of placentas at 4th and 6th days of pregnancy had been studied. Material and Methods: Thirty female rats as random divided to 6 groups including control, experimental 1 and experimental 2 groups that each one at the 4th and 6th day of pregnancy received doses 8g/kg body weight and 10g/kg body weight and experimental 3 group that at 6th day pregnancy received dose 12g/kg of Physalis alkekengi fruitandrsquo;s alcoholic extract. All placentas removed from uterus at the 15th day of pregnancy to study according to morphologic and histologic. The present data showed that Physalis alkekengi fruitandrsquo;s alcoholic extract injection intraperitoneal at the 4th and 6th days of pregnant rat caused significant reduction of placentas diameter and weight and volume in experimental groups in comparison with control group and reduction of diameter and weight and volume in experimental 2 group in comparison with control group. Also morphologic studies showed that had been blood corona at the percent out of placentas experimental groups in comparison with control group. In addition tissue Studies showed the significant increase of the hofbauer cells number at placentas experimental groups in comparison with control.Physalis alkekengifruitandrsquo;s alcoholic extract through suppression of cell division and differentiation and function reduction of some of enzymes and hormones, probably can have negative effects on placentas deficiency development and cell differentiation of some cells. According to reported physiological effects of physalins such as physalin F, alcoholic extract teratogenic effects might be related to physalin F. But it is essential to have more quantitative and qualitative researches in order to have conclusive result. Thus it is recommended to pregnant womenfolk than up to researches completion about this medicinal plant have not used this plant in pregnancy period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Effect of Palmatyn Hydrochloride on Some of Serum Biochemical Parameters in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats ر
پیراسته نوروزی حمید کلالیان مقدم ویدا حجتیDiabetesis a metabolic disorder that gripped mankind since time immemorial has been the world's top. Oxidative stress is the result of diabetes and its complications in a large amount of communication. Antioxidants, especially of plant origin are very important in the p MoreDiabetesis a metabolic disorder that gripped mankind since time immemorial has been the world's top. Oxidative stress is the result of diabetes and its complications in a large amount of communication. Antioxidants, especially of plant origin are very important in the prevention of diabetes complications.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on the Hydrochloride Palmatyn biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats is. In this study, 32 male Wistar rats weighing approximately 240 g, were randomly selected and divided into four groups: contro l, non-diabetic Palmatine treated, diabetic and hydrochloride Palmatine diabetic.Intraperitoneal injection of 55 mg/kg streptozotocin diabetes was induced.One week after injection, treated with hydrochloride Palmatine 10mg/kg/Day dose for six weeks and injections were performed. Testicular damage by hematoxylin - eosin specified Vfaktvrhay Vhvrmvny biochemical blood was measured.Data Software prism-5.0-test were analyzed by one way ANOVA and Tukey.The results show that diabetes induced oxidative stress and production of free radicals increase glucose and reducing the secretion in blood insulin, cholesterol and triglyceride abnormalities are disorder.Palmatynin samples treated with these complications improved, the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides decreased P ≤ 0.001)) Outer hyperinsulinemia (P ≤ 0.001) is. Considering the obtained results, it was found that Palmatine hydrochloride low creators effect on blood glucose and lipid in diabetic rats, the effect can be to reduce the effects of cardio - vascular disease caused by diabetes mellitus be considered. ر Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - The Effect of Treadmill Exercise and Curcumin on Catalepsy Reserpine-induced Parkinsonian Male Rat Models
R. Mohammadi رامش احمدی AhmadiParkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurologically based movement disorder, clinically diagnosed by the presence of bradykinesia, postural instability, resting tremor and rigidity. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol derived from turmeric that has a neuroprotective MoreParkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurologically based movement disorder, clinically diagnosed by the presence of bradykinesia, postural instability, resting tremor and rigidity. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol derived from turmeric that has a neuroprotective role in many neuronal degenerative disorders. Studies indicate that exercise may have beneficial effects on neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effects of curcumin together with treadmill running on animal model of PD. In this study, 48 Wistar rats were divided in 8 groups (control, curcumin, exercise, Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's disease+ curcumin, Parkinson's disease+ curcumin + exercise, Parkinson's disease+ exercise and curcumin + exercise).Parkinson's disease was induced by injection of reserpine (1mg/kg, i.p) for 2days. The bar-test was used to measure cataleptic symptoms. Each of animals in the curcumin groups was given injection of curcumin (50 mg/kg, i.p) for 21 days. All animals in the exercise group were forced to run on a motorized treadmill (24 m/min for 20 min, 5 day/week), for 3 week. SPSS software was used for analyzing data by using of analysis of variance that it was performed at a significance level of p≤0.05. Catalepsy had no significant difference between the group of curcumin + Parkinson's disease+ exercise and Parkinson's disease+ curcumin and Parkinson's disease+ exercise. curcumin can reduce catalepsy induced by reserpine in male rat's model of Parkinson's disease. But its reducing effect isn't as effect of exercise. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - The Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Ferulago angulata on Liver Function Tests and Some Biochemical Parameters in Adult Male Wistar Rats
Yasna Bidmeshki Somayeh BohlouliMany modern medicines are obtained from medicinal plants, and the properties of many of these plants have been confirmed and proven with new investigations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different doses of hydroalcoholic extract of Ferulago a MoreMany modern medicines are obtained from medicinal plants, and the properties of many of these plants have been confirmed and proven with new investigations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different doses of hydroalcoholic extract of Ferulago angulata on biochemical and hematological parameters orally on male Wistar rats. 28 heads of male Wistar rats that were randomly studied experimentally. Mice were divided into a control group without extract and groups receiving Ferulago angulata extract with doses of 50, 150 and 300 mg/kg. The treatment groups were conducted for 16 weeks. After the end of the test, serum glucose level, lipid profile including triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, albumin, total protein and liver enzymes ALP, AST and ALT were measured. Different doses of Ferulago angulata extract changed the levels of some lipid factors and liver enzymes in the studied groups compared to the control group. Different doses of Ferulago angulata extract caused a significant decrease in the level of glucose, triglycerides and liver enzymes (AST and ALT), and the level of LDL. Also, the amount of albumin, HDL and total protein increased, and there was no change in the amount of cholesterol and ALP. The results of this study showed that Ferulago angulata plant has positive effects on some biochemical factors and liver function improvement despite its antioxidant compounds. Therefore, we can introduce Ferulago angulata plant as one of the most effective plants in the medicinal plant industry and treatment, control and prevention of many diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Assessment of Liver Histopathology in Female Rats with Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome and Its Therapeutic Methods with the Aim to Reduce Injury
Mahnaz Nouri Behrooz Yahyaei Sahar YazdiMetabolic syndrome is one of the most common metabolic disorders that put a person at many risks, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Moreover, the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, especially in younger people has led to an increase in its incidence i MoreMetabolic syndrome is one of the most common metabolic disorders that put a person at many risks, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Moreover, the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, especially in younger people has led to an increase in its incidence in pregnancy. Diabetes mellitus is one of the risk factors for labor, and the incidence of major malformation is twice as high as in women with diabetes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the histopathological changes of the liver in mothers with diabetes and metabolic syndrome and to review the existing therapeutic methods. This study was conducted on 34 wistar rats. Animals were divided into nine groups. Female rats were prepared for sampling and microscopic studies after the pregnancy period was passed. In diabetic groups, the effects of diabetes were reduced only by taking metformin, and exercise had no effect on healing the liver tissue, while in the group of metabolic syndrome, exercise could reduce the effects of syndrome and this result was more effective than metformin and the combination of metformin and exercise also had significant rehabilitation effects on liver. In some variables, such as hyperemia and inflammation, these effects were observed less than those who only exercised. In metabolic syndrome group, who exercised, no hyperemia and inflammation was observed, while in metabolic syndrome group under metformin treatment and exercise, inflammation and congestion were observed. The results show the combination of metformin, and sports exercise can reduce changes caused by metabolic syndrome and probably diabetes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Evaluating the Effect of Salvia Macilenta Extract on CREB Protein Level and Acetylcholine Esterase Activity in the Brain of Alzheimer’s Disease in Male Rats
Shabnam Taheri Hooman Shajiee Ghorbangol Ashabi Soolmaz KhalifehAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease leading to dementia. There are many studies to find the pretreatment and treating drugs in AD. The neuroprotective role of Salvia genus against neuronal death is well known. In this study, the protective role MoreAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease leading to dementia. There are many studies to find the pretreatment and treating drugs in AD. The neuroprotective role of Salvia genus against neuronal death is well known. In this study, the protective role of Salvia macilenta (S. macilenta) extract on AD was investigated. Rats were gavaged by S. macilenta for 10 days. Then, they were injected by Amyloid beta. The molecular level of Ca2+/cAMP response element binding (CREB), and acetylcholine esterase activity were evaluated in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Our results revealed that S. macilenta pretreatment can improve CREB phosphorylation compared to AD model in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (both P<0.001). Pretreatment with S. macilenta reduced percentage of acetylcholine esterase activity compared to AD model in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). S. macilenta has a protective role against amyloid beta-induced toxicity through enhancement of CREB and regulation of the acetylcholine esterase activity that can be a dominant potential candidate in improving AD. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - The Relationship Between the Effects of of Sulpride, SCH23390, and L-dopa on the Relative Gene Expression of neuropeptide Y and kisspeptin in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Rat Models
Leila Neghaddadgar Fariba Mahmoudi Saber zahri Alireza PanahiPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with decreased dopamine release and increased secretion of GnRH, kisspeptin and neuropeptide Y (NPY). In the present study, the effects of L-dopa and dopamine receptor antagonists were investigated on the expression o MorePolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with decreased dopamine release and increased secretion of GnRH, kisspeptin and neuropeptide Y (NPY). In the present study, the effects of L-dopa and dopamine receptor antagonists were investigated on the expression of KiSS1 and NPY genes in PCOS rats hypothalamus. Following the induction of PCOS by Estradiol Valerate inejction, 25 PCOS rats assigend to 5 groups received saline, L-dopa (100mg/kg), simultaneous injection of SCH23390 (1 mg/kg) and L-dopa (100 mg/kg), simultaneous injection of sulpride (10 mg/kg) and L-dopa (100 mg/kg), and simultaneous injection of SCH23390 (1 mg/kg), sulpride(10 mg/kg) and L-dopa (100 mg/kg) respectively. Five intact rats received saline. Hypothalamus samples were isolated and frozen. The relative expressions of KiSS1 and NPY were determined by real- time-PCR. Data analysis was done by one- way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. The mean relative expression of KiSS1 and NPY significantly increased in PCOS group compared to the healthy rat group (p = 0.009 and p = 0.001, respectively). L-dopa injection caused a significant decrease in the mean relative expression of KiSS1 and NPY compared to the PCOS group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001 respectively). Simultaneous injections of SCH23390 and sulpride supressed the inhibitory effects of L-dopa on KiSS1 gene expression compared to L-dopa group exerting synergistic effects (p = 0.045). Dopaminergic signaling pathway may play a role in the decrease of GnRH/LH secretion in PCOS rats by inhibiting the kisspeptin and NPY neuronal activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Evaluation of the Effects of Methamphetamine Drug on Cell Growth of Stem cells Derived from Uterine Endometrial Tissue of Rats
Zahra Goudarzi Seyyed Ebrahim Hosseini ,Davood Mehrabani Sara HashemiMethamphetamine is a hallucinogenic substance abused by millions of people all around the world. Cellular toxicity in some cell lines is one of the reported effects of this psychoactive substance. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of methamph MoreMethamphetamine is a hallucinogenic substance abused by millions of people all around the world. Cellular toxicity in some cell lines is one of the reported effects of this psychoactive substance. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of methamphetamine on the growth of adult mesenchymal stem cells extracted from uterine endometrial tissue in rats. In this experimental study, stem cells were extracted from uterine endometrial tissue in rats, and after cultivation, they were investigated in terms of being mesenchymal using flucytometry method and by CD34, CD90 and CD105 markers. In the third passage of cell culture, the effect of methamphetamine toxicity at a concentration of 0.6 mmol was investigated in a 1-8 day period on the growth of mesenchymal stem cells derived from uterine endometrial tissue by formula PDT= T× . Cells isolated from uterine endometrial tissue adhered completely to the floor of the flask 24 hours after being transferred to the cell culture flask. These cells were positive for non-hematopoietic surface marker expression (CD90, CD105) and negative in terms of hematopoietic marker (CD34) expression, so the mesenchymal identity of these cells was confirmed. The results of the cell count test also showed a significant reduction in the growth of cells treated with 0.6 mmol methamphetamine compared to the control group. The results of this study showed that the cells isolated from the uterine endometrial tissue were of the basic mesenchymal type. The results of cell counting revealed that methamphetamine can inhibit growth by inducing the effects of cell toxicity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - The Effect of Aerobic Training and Cinnamon on Leptin Gene Expression in Fat Tissue of Obese Male Rats Feeded by High Fat Diet
Mohammad Mokhailefi Nematollah Nemati Tahereh BagherpoorSerum leptin levels have a very important and decisive role in controlling body weight and fat mass due to its effect on appetite and the ability to reduce energy intake and the amount of physical activity with the ability to increase energy consumption. Consumption of MoreSerum leptin levels have a very important and decisive role in controlling body weight and fat mass due to its effect on appetite and the ability to reduce energy intake and the amount of physical activity with the ability to increase energy consumption. Consumption of some herbal anti-obesity compounds such as cinnamon can also be effective and useful in reducing body fat mass and controlling obesity. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining whether six weeks of aerobic exercise and consumption of cinnamon extract has an effect on leptin gene expression in adipose tissue of male rats fed with a high-fat diet. Consumption of cinnamon extract (200 mg/kg of body weight) and high-fat food (150 ml of high-fat food emulsion in excess of the daily diet) five days a week on leptin gene expression in adipose tissue of male rats fed with the diet High-fat food was carried out in the form of a multi-group research project with a control group. Real Time-PCR method was used to check the gene or mRNA expression of the desired proteins. The variables were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, Bonferroni, and one-sample t tests at a significance level of p < 0.05. According to the results, the effects of high-fat diet, the combination of high-fat diet and aerobic exercise, the combination of high-fat diet and cinnamon, and the combination of high-fat diet and aerobic exercise and cinnamon on the variable of leptin in adipose tissue were significant and significant, so that the consumption of high-fat food caused adverse changes in the expression of this gene, but six weeks of exercise and consumption of cinnamon extract moderated the adverse effects of a high-fat diet and produced favorable changes in the expression of this gene and body weight and fat tissue weight. In addition, the combination of six weeks of exercise and cinnamon extract has far more favorable effects in modulating the adverse effects of diet on the expression of this gene. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Evaluation of the Effect of Alpha-pinene on Blood Glucose and Lipid Profiles, in Diabetic Rats
Maryam Rafieirad Abdolhassan Doulah Samira GoudarziDiabetes mellitus refers to a disorder in the metabolism of sugars, fats, and proteins in the body, leading to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effect of alpha-pinene on blood glucose and lipid levels in male diabetic rats. MoreDiabetes mellitus refers to a disorder in the metabolism of sugars, fats, and proteins in the body, leading to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effect of alpha-pinene on blood glucose and lipid levels in male diabetic rats. Forty male rats were divided into five groups of eight: control group, diabetic group, diabetic control group (receiving tween (80% alpha-solvent)) and experimental groups that in addition to becoming diabetic, the doses of 100 and 200 (mg/kg) of alpha-pinene were administered orally and daily for 14 days, respectively. Finally, blood samples were taken from all groups and their glucose and blood lipids were measured. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and SPSS21 software. The levels of glucose, triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the groups receiving doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg of alpha-pinene showed a significant decrease compared to the diabetic group. High density lipoprotein (HDL) in the groups receiving different doses of alpha-pinene showed a significant increase compared to the diabetic group. These results indicate that alpha-pinene can be effective in the treatment of diabetes. The effect of this active ingredient is probably due to its antioxidant properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - The Effect of Anxiety and Oleuropein-induced Memory Improvement in an Animal Model of Ischemia
Shahrbanoo Alami RostamiCerebral ischemia is a condition not reaching all or part of the brain, blood, and therefore oxygen. According to the property oleuropein antioxidant, the current study was performed aiming at using this substance to affect anxiety and improve memory in ischemic animals MoreCerebral ischemia is a condition not reaching all or part of the brain, blood, and therefore oxygen. According to the property oleuropein antioxidant, the current study was performed aiming at using this substance to affect anxiety and improve memory in ischemic animals. In this study, 50 Wistar rats in the weight range of 200 to 250 g were randomly assigned to 5 groups including: control group; the ischemia group was divided by occlusion of both common carotid arteries and the three ischemia groups that received oleuropein at doses (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) by gavage for 14 days. To cause ischemia, bilateral carotid arteries were isolated, blocked in two, and severed in the middle. Memory assessment was performed using the passive avoidance learning test (shuttle box) and the elevated plus maze device was used to assess anxiety. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD support. Ischemia decreased memory (p <0.001). Anxiety was reduced (p <0.001) and administration of doses of 10, 50, 100 mg/kg oleuropein, especially 100 mg/kg, led to improvement in memory deficits (p <0.001) and anxiety (p <0.001). Based on the results of this study, it seems that oleuropein reduces the severity of cognitive and behavioral disorders caused by hypoperfusion ischemia due to its antioxidant properties and inhibition of free radicals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - The Effect of 12 Weeks of Aerobic Exercise on Cardiac Antioxidant Enzymes in the Hypercholesterolemic Male Wistar Rats
Soran Heidari Kamal Azizbeigi Kaveh Bahman pourObesity has become a global problem today. Obesity can be caused by sedentary lifestyle and a high-cholesterol diet. This condition increases oxidative stress and decreases the activity of oxidative enzymes, resulting in many complications, including cardiovascular diso MoreObesity has become a global problem today. Obesity can be caused by sedentary lifestyle and a high-cholesterol diet. This condition increases oxidative stress and decreases the activity of oxidative enzymes, resulting in many complications, including cardiovascular disorders. Aerobic exercise and avoidance of high-fat diets are used as a non-pharmacological intervention to increase antioxidant capacity; however, the exact mechanisms of this on the cardiovascular system have not yet been fully identified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise on cardiac antioxidant enzymes in mice fed high cholesterol diet. Thirty-two laboratory Wistar rats (191.2 ± 19 g), age 6-8 weeks were randomly assigned to four groups after the hypercholesterolemia induction of half of the rats (adding 1% cholesterol to the food of the rats and sampling the tails of the rats). These four groups comprised of the aerobic exercise-normal nutrition group (n=8), hypercholesterolemic group (n=8), aerobic exercise- hypercholesterolemic group (n=8) and normal nutrition group (n=8). Each endurance exercise training session was held five days a week for 12 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last training session, the rats were killed and the cardiomyocytes were removed. Moreover, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes was evaluated by specific kits. The results showed that increasing blood cholesterol had a statistically significant effect on reducing SOD, CAT, and GPX in heart tissue (p=0.001). Furthermore, it was found that aerobic exercise significantly increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes in cardiomyocytes (p=0.001). The highest decrease in the level of antioxidant enzymes was related to the hypercholesterolemic group and the highest increase was related to the aerobic exercise-normal nutrition group. Cholesterol-rich diets reduce the activity of antioxidants in the heart. Although aerobic exercise increases the heart’s antioxidant activity, it seems that avoiding a high-cholesterol diet can play a more effective role. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - The Effect of Shirazi Thyme (Zataria multiflora) Consumption During Pregnancy on Neonatal Physical Growth in Wistar Rats
Khatereh Safavi Naeine Zahra Shojaei ArdekaniZataria multiflora (Shirazi Thyme) is one of the plants which has become popular due to its suitable compounds. Pregnancy is a high-risk period in which the consumption of substances which affect the physical growth of neonate can cause the disorders. This study was per MoreZataria multiflora (Shirazi Thyme) is one of the plants which has become popular due to its suitable compounds. Pregnancy is a high-risk period in which the consumption of substances which affect the physical growth of neonate can cause the disorders. This study was performed on 32 female Wister rats weighing 210 ± 10 g who were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. Zataria multiflora extract was prepared by the distillation, and different concentrations (400, 800, 1000 mg/kg/day) which were administered by gavage during the pregnancy. The control group only received normal food and water. After the birth, the weight, height, and head circumference of neonate’s rat was measured on the first, third, and fifth days of birth. Findings were analyzed by SPSS software using one-way analysis of variance. The results showed a significant decrease in the circumferential changes in the neonates of study groups. No significant difference was observed in the weight changes. The consumption of Shirazi thyme during pregnancy reduces the height and head circumference in neonate’s rats; hence, it should be cautiously used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - The Effect of Injection of Fibroblast Cells Isolated from Foreskin on Histological Improvement of Diabetic Wound in Animal Model
Abbas Zabihi Rahim Ahmadi Atefe DehghaniDespite a number of experimental studies, the healing effects of stem cells on chronic wounds still face serious challenges. The present study investigated the effect of injection of fibroblasts isolated from foreskin on the histological improvement of diabetic wounds i MoreDespite a number of experimental studies, the healing effects of stem cells on chronic wounds still face serious challenges. The present study investigated the effect of injection of fibroblasts isolated from foreskin on the histological improvement of diabetic wounds in male rats. 24 male Wistar rats were divided into control and treatment groups during this experimental laboratory study. Diabetes was induced in control and treatment groups using streptozotocin. Using a biopsy punch, a wound was created in the dorsal region of the animals Foreskin derived fibroblasts were injected into the dermis layer in the treatment group. On days 7, 14, and 21 after treatment, the wound healing was evaluated using morphologic observation, histological examination through hematoxylin- eosin staining, and measuring the wound size by Image j. On day 14 after treatment, the wound area was significantly smaller in the treated group than the control group (P<0.001). Histological examination showed that the skin thickness significantly increased in the treatment group on days 14 and 21 compared with control group (P<0.01). Besides, no morphologic complications were observed in the skin tissue following the injection of fibroblast cells. Our findings indicated that fibroblast cells are capable of accelerating the process of diabetic wound healing without morphologic complications in the skin tissue; according to which, the foreskin derived fibroblast cells can be used in the field of cell therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Investigating the combined effect of endostatin along with endometrial stem cells expressing TSP-1 anti-angiogenic gene on angiogenic induce factors on the treatment of prostate cancer in rats
hossein Attar shakeri Esmail Fattahi Mohammadreza Nowroozi Seyed Ali Momeni Abbas PiryaiProstate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. Androgen ‎deprivation therapy has been identified to induce oxidative stress in prostate cancer, ‎leading to reactivation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Thus, antioxidant therapies ‎h MoreProstate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. Androgen ‎deprivation therapy has been identified to induce oxidative stress in prostate cancer, ‎leading to reactivation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Thus, antioxidant therapies ‎have gained attention as adjuvants for this cancer. Here, we report for the first time that ‎endostatin along with endometrial stem cells expressing TSP-1 anti-angiogenic gene ‎improved androgen- phenotype and genotype in rats prostate cancer cells.‎‏ ‏Forty male ‎rats (n=8) weighing approximately 95-100 g were purchased from Pasteur Inistitute of ‎Tehran . Animals were suffered to prostate cancer by injecting LNCaP cell line for 12 ‎weeks. Prostate cancer animals were immediately received endostatin for 28 days. ‎Prostate cancer animals were received stem cell containing the Tsp-1 anti-angiogenesis ‎gene. Histological examinations were measured. The levels of IL8 and VEGF serum ‎were assayed.‎‏ ‏In group receiving cells and drug, amount and height of acinus wall folds ‎decreased compared to the patient group and the shape of the vesicles was clear and the ‎epithelial lining were cohesive and regular. The levels of IL8 and VEGF serum were ‎significantly decreased in combination group than to prostate cancer group (P≤0.01). ‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - The Effect of Herniarin on Oxidative Stress in the Hippocampus in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Zahra ShaibaniDiabetes increases the risk of central nervous system disorders such as stroke, seizures, dementia, and cognitive impairment. The herniarin has a phenolic compound and it is a powerful antioxidant whose efficacy has been reported in neurodegenerative disorders in recent MoreDiabetes increases the risk of central nervous system disorders such as stroke, seizures, dementia, and cognitive impairment. The herniarin has a phenolic compound and it is a powerful antioxidant whose efficacy has been reported in neurodegenerative disorders in recent studies. Moreover, it has been shown that hyperglycemia induces spontaneous oxidation of glucose through enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes, leading to oxidative stress by stimulating the production of active oxygen and nitrogen components. In this study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into four groups: control, diabetic, and diabetic treated with 150 and 300 mg/kg hernia. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dose of 60 mg/kg. One week after streptozotocin injection, treatment with herniarin at 300 and 150 mg/kg was performed orally for two weeks. Blood glucose was measured after STZ injection by blood sampling from the caudal vein. Lipid peroxidation, thiol levels, and glutathione peroxidase activity were measured as indicators of oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Finally, the data of the groups were analyzed using SPSS statistical software and one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. After induction of diabetes, an increase in lipid peroxidation, a decrease in thiol, and a decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity was observed in the hippocampus of diabetic rats compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Daily doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg Herniarin improved oxidative stress in the brains of diabetic rats. The present study showed that treatment with herniarin significantly reduced oxidative stress in the hippocampus of STZ diabetic rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - The Effect of Melissa Officinalis and Melilotus Officinalis Extracts on Liver Function and Physiological Changes in Rats
Maryam Karimi Dehkordi Farid Rezaei Maryam AlmasiMedicinal plants used in traditional medicine of our country to treat various diseases are growing, but the effects of biological active compounds of these plants are still unknown on human health. Melissa officinalis and Melilotus officinalis are widely used in west of MoreMedicinal plants used in traditional medicine of our country to treat various diseases are growing, but the effects of biological active compounds of these plants are still unknown on human health. Melissa officinalis and Melilotus officinalis are widely used in west of Iran as herbal medicine. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of ethanol extraction of Melissa officinalis and Melilotus officinalis on the liver enzymes (ALT and AST). Fifty Sprague- Dawley rats were assigned to five equal groups. The animals in groups 1 and 2 received Melissa officinalis extract (600 and 1200 mg/kg, respectively) and the rats of the third and fourth group received Melilotus officinalis extract (600 and 1200 mg/kg, respectively) for 30 days. The blood samples were collected into vacutainers without anticoagulant for biochemical analysis. The results of this study indicate that Melissa officinalis and Melilotus officinalis extracts were able to increase the AST levels in all animals compared to the control group. A significant increase in ALP activity was recorded in group 3 compared to the control (P= 0.027). The highest activity in serum ALT was observed in rats receiving the high dose of Melissa officinalis, but exhibited no statistically significant difference compared to the control group (P>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - The Effect of Avicennia marina Flavonoids on Bax, Bcl-2 and Stress Oxidation Indicators of Epididymis Sperm in Type 1 Diabetic Rats
Raheleh RahbarianDiabetes affects the reproductive system and causes fertility disorders. Regarding the anti-oxidant and hypoglycemic properties of A. marina, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of total flavonoid contents on Bax, Bcl-2 level, and stress-oxidative stress i MoreDiabetes affects the reproductive system and causes fertility disorders. Regarding the anti-oxidant and hypoglycemic properties of A. marina, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of total flavonoid contents on Bax, Bcl-2 level, and stress-oxidative stress indices of epididymis sperm in type 1 diabetic rats. In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into control, control diabetic, and two diabetic treated groups. The last two groups received 50 and 100 mg / kg Flavonoids in A. marina leaf for 30 days. At the end of the treatment period, sperms were extracted from the epididymis. Then Bax, Bcl-2, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and HOdG levels in sperm samples also FBS were measured by ELISA method. According to the results, the levels of Bcl-2, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in sperm samples of diabetic rats treated with 50 and 100 mg / kg flavonoid concentrations of A. marina in Comparison with the control group, the diabetic was significantly increased, and the Bax, malondialdehyde and HOdG levels decreased significantly, Depending on the injectable dose (p <0.05). Flavonoid administration of A. marina leaves decreased apoptosis and stress-oxidative stress in spermatozoa of type I diabetic rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Effect of Atorvastatin on the Levels of Sex Hormones and Oxidative Stress Index in Letrozole-induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adult Female Wistar Rats
Shamsi Zavari Akram Eidi Pejman Mortazavi Shahrbanoo OryanAtorvastatin is currently one of the most commonly used drugs in the clinics for the treatment of coronary heart disease and is mainly used for the control of risk factors in coronary heart disease as well as in the improvement of prognosis. Polycystic ovary syndrome (P MoreAtorvastatin is currently one of the most commonly used drugs in the clinics for the treatment of coronary heart disease and is mainly used for the control of risk factors in coronary heart disease as well as in the improvement of prognosis. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinological disorder in reproductive-age women and is often associated with metabolic syndrome. In the present study, the effect of atorvastatin on letrozole-induced PCOS was investigated in adult female Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: normal control, atorvastatin (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg intragastrically, daily) alone, PCOS control rats (letrozole, 1 mg/kg, intragastrically, daily), atorvastatin (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg intragastrically, daily) together with (letrozole1 mg/kg, intragastrically, daily), and administration was performed accordingly. Administration of atorvastatin was started 30 min. before the first dose of letrozole and continued for up to 30 days. The animals were euthanized 24 h after the last dose of the administration. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture. Serum was separated and evaluated for determination of estradiol, LH, FSH, and testosterone levels. Moreover, antioxidant activity was tested by measuring using superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in ovary homogenate. Our results showed that the administration of atorvastatin significantly improved PCOS-induced hormonal impairment. Also, the administration of atorvastatin increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, CAT, and GPX, while decreasing MDA levels. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that atorvastatin administration may be beneficial in letrozole-induced PCOS in rats. s. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Effects of Inhibitory and Stimulatory Administration of Nitric Oxide Synthesis on the Zona Pellucida Thickness of Ovarian Follicles in Pregnant Rats
Mohammad Hossein Noori Mugahi Shabnam Movassaghi Atarod Sadat Mostafavinia Mahnaz Nouri Zahra Nadia SharifiNitric oxide is a short-lived mediator which produced in different mammalian cell types. Nitric oxide synthesizes (NOSs) are a family of complex enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of L-Arginine to form Nitric Oxide. Overproduction of nitric oxide may imply in the patho MoreNitric oxide is a short-lived mediator which produced in different mammalian cell types. Nitric oxide synthesizes (NOSs) are a family of complex enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of L-Arginine to form Nitric Oxide. Overproduction of nitric oxide may imply in the pathogenesis of several immune diseases. The present study demonstrates the potential role of nitric oxide in zona pellucida thickness. This study was performed on 8 weeks pregnant Wistar rats (n=32). To study the impact of Nitric Oxide on zona pellucida thickness four experimental designs were investigated. Control group, 200 mg/kg L-Arginine, 20 mg/kg L-NAME and a combination of L-Arginine, and L-NAME. Ovary removal via laparotomy was performed 13 days after intraperitoneal injection. Zona pellucida thickness was investigated by Image tools III quantitative technique. Based on our findings, L-Arginine causes a significant decrease in zona pellucida thickness (p ≤ 0.05). No discrepancy was detected in zona pellucida thickness between the other experimental groups and the control group. The results support the hypothesis that destructive effects on ovary and zona pellucida formation can be mediated by the overproduction of nitric oxide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Comparative study of the effects of black tea extract on anxiety-like behavior in male and female rats
Manouchehr YousefiAnxiety disorder is the most common of all mental illnesses in the world and have become one of interesting research topics in pharmaceuticals. According to a traditional belief, black tea (Camella sinensis (CS)) is known as a medicine that has many benefits. But becaus MoreAnxiety disorder is the most common of all mental illnesses in the world and have become one of interesting research topics in pharmaceuticals. According to a traditional belief, black tea (Camella sinensis (CS)) is known as a medicine that has many benefits. But because of its high consumption, it has side effects that can be mentioned as arrythmia and anxiety which severity of these complications may be different between men and women. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the anxiety-like effects of CS in male and female rats. 28 rats including 14 males and 14 females were used for the experiment. Males were divided into control and treatment groups and females were divided in the same way. During the experiment, the treatment groups were given black tea for 24 hours, and the control group was given drinking water during this period. Then, the behavior of the rats was tested in order to investigate the motor activity and anxiety in the elevated plus maze. Data were analyzed by T-test and all data were shown as Mean±S.E.M. This study showed that CS has anxiogenic effects in male rats and anxiolytic effects in female rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - The Interaction of Gallic Acid and Swimming Training on Ovarian Histology in Rats with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Maryam Ebrahimi Narges Abarshahr Mohammad Amin EdalatmaneshPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of infertility due to lack of ovulation and the result of oxidative stress of ovarian tissue, which is associated with disability in ovarian functions. This study aims at evaluating the effect of 4 weeks of Gallic Ac MorePolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of infertility due to lack of ovulation and the result of oxidative stress of ovarian tissue, which is associated with disability in ovarian functions. This study aims at evaluating the effect of 4 weeks of Gallic Acid (GA) prescription and swimming (EX) training on ovarian tissue parameters in PCOS model. Forty adult Wistar female rats weighing 180 ± 10 g were randomly divided into 5 groups: PCOS, PCOS + GA, PCOS + EX and PCOS + GA + EX. To induce the PCOS model, letrozole (1 mg / kg) was NG tubed for 28 days. Then, GA was prescribed orally for 4 weeks and swimming was performed for 4 weeks and 3 sessions per week. Finally, after dissection of the ovary and staining with hematoxylin-eosin, histological evaluations were performed. The results showed a significant decrease in corpus luteum diameter, number of monolayer, multilayer, secondary and Graafian follicles and corpus luteum in PCOS group and also a significant increase in the number of atretic and cystic follicles compared with control group. While the interaction of GA prescription and swimming improved ovarian parameters. However, no significant change in the diameter of oocytes and primary and multilayered follicles was observed in the groups. GA and swimming appear to be effective on restoring the folliculogenesis of PCOS rat model and the ovulation process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Investigating the Effects of Aqueous Extract of Carum Copticum on Renal Indices and Serum Sodium and Potassium Levels in Male Wistar Rats
Marzieh Niakan Bijan Akbarpour Ameneh KhoshvaghtiDue to the compounds such as thymol, para-fat, Lfapnyn, D Pntn, Gamatrpnyn, Btapnyn, limonene, myrcene and carvacrol, Ajowan is widely used in the treatment of various diseases. This study aims at evaluating the effect of aqueous extract of Carum copticum on renal indic MoreDue to the compounds such as thymol, para-fat, Lfapnyn, D Pntn, Gamatrpnyn, Btapnyn, limonene, myrcene and carvacrol, Ajowan is widely used in the treatment of various diseases. This study aims at evaluating the effect of aqueous extract of Carum copticum on renal indices in male wistar rats. In this study 72 rats were divided into 6 groups, including control, sham and experimental groups (1 to 4). The control group didn’t receive any treatment while the sham received 0.2 ml distilled water daily and 1 to 4 experimental groups received 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/ kg/day of aqueous extract of C. copticum intraperitoneally, respectively. After lapse of 16 and 32 days, serum samples were collected. Renal indices were measured by Autoanalayzer (with Pars Azmoon kits) and sodium and potassium were measured by flame photometer. Data was analyzed by ANOVA statistical tests and Tukey test (p <0.05). Regardless of the dosage of the extract, it increased the renal function in short-term and long-term. Compared to the control group, while serum concentrations of sodium in exp. groups 1 and 3 (200 and 400 mg/ kg/day) was decreased in the short term, it was increased in the all experimental groups in long term. Administration of extract in both short and long terms increased serum concentrations of potassium in all experimental groups compared to the control group. This study suggests that increased consumption of aqueous extract of C. copticum increases renal function, although its effects are somewhat different in the short term and the long term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Investigating the Effect of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) on the Level of Testosterone Hormone Secretion in Male Rats under Weightlessness Condition
Erfan Motalebzadeh Nasim Hayati Roudbari Maryam SalavatifarConsidering the progress of science and space exploration and the importance of maintaining the health of astronauts both during the space mission and after returning to earth after carrying out space research, investigating the effects of weightlessness on the hormone MoreConsidering the progress of science and space exploration and the importance of maintaining the health of astronauts both during the space mission and after returning to earth after carrying out space research, investigating the effects of weightlessness on the hormone testosterone and maintaining the fertility of astronauts is very important. is On the other hand, due to the use of carbon nanotubes in the spaceship equipment sector as well as protective shields, astronauts will be exposed to high concentrations of this nanomaterial, hence the investigation of the effects of this nanomaterial on the testosterone level of male astronauts in the conditions Weightlessness is very important in order to maintain their reproductive power. In this research, 30 male rats were used. The animals were randomly divided into five groups of six including control, sham and three experimental groups. The control group received normal food and water for 30 days. The sham group was placed in weightless conditions (in a weightless cage) for 30 days. Experimental group 1 received 20 mg/kg of multi-walled carbon nanotube intraperitoneally for 30 days. Experimental group 2 was placed in a weightless cage for 30 days and received 20 mg/kg of multi-walled carbon nanotube intraperitoneally. Experimental group 3 received 3 cc of solution (2.5 cc of water, 0.5 cc of tween) intraperitoneally for 30 days. The results showed that in the sham group and experimental groups 1 and 2, weight loss was observed. In the examination of blood serum samples, the level of testosterone had decreased significantly. Exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes in weightless conditions causes a significant decrease in the amount of testosterone hormone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Effect of Heroein on Amniotic Sac Compounds in Pregnant Rats and Ovarian of Their Female Offspring
Fatemeh Osanloo Ramin Haji khani Gholam hassan Vaezi Maryam BananajHeroin is one of the most addictive drugs used among adolescents and young people in Iran. Since the use of drugs such as Heroin has detrimental effects on organs, tissues, hormones, amniotic fluid, and expression of genes affecting the mother and fetus, as well as othe MoreHeroin is one of the most addictive drugs used among adolescents and young people in Iran. Since the use of drugs such as Heroin has detrimental effects on organs, tissues, hormones, amniotic fluid, and expression of genes affecting the mother and fetus, as well as other factors, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of methamphetamine on the amniotic sac of pregnant rat and its effects on subsequent generations. Sixty adult Wistar female rats were assigned to six groups: control group, sham group, group receiving 1 mg/kg heroin, group receiving 2 mg/kg heroin, group receiving 3 mg/kg heroin and the group receiving 4 mg/kg heroin. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were taken from the hearts of the mice and the desired parameters such as testosterone, glucose, LH, FSH, AST, ALT, WBC, and RBC were measured. The rats were then dissected; amniotic fluid was isolated to assess the amount of carbohydrates, protein, phospholipids, fats, and urea. Finally, statistical analysis was performed. Intraperitoneal injection of heroin caused significant changes in testosterone and T.G parameters compared to the control group. However, no significant change was observed in LH and FSH levels. In addition, many changes such as weakening and thinning of the theca layer in the graph follicle, destruction of the underlying material and growing follicles following heroin use in the ovarian tissue. Moreover, increased gene expression was seen after increasing the dose of heroin. In this study, heroin injection, even in low doses, could increase or decrease ovarian activity and oogenesis, resulting in impaired oocyte maturation and ovulation quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - The Effect of Gallic Acid on Passive Avoidance Memory, Working Memory, and Dark Neuron Cell Density in CA1/CA3 Areas in Rats Hippocampal Degeneration Model
Seyed Kamaladdin Yazdanfar Mohammad Amin Edalatmanesh Seyed Ebrahim HosseiniTrimethyltin (TMT) intoxication with hippocampal degeneration induces the production of dark neurons in different areas of the hippocampus. The present study assessed the effect of Gallic acid (GA) on working memory, avoidance memory, and the density of dark neurons in MoreTrimethyltin (TMT) intoxication with hippocampal degeneration induces the production of dark neurons in different areas of the hippocampus. The present study assessed the effect of Gallic acid (GA) on working memory, avoidance memory, and the density of dark neurons in the CA1/CA3 regions of the rat hippocampus following TMT intoxication. In this study, 32 adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups including control, TMT+NS, TMT+GA100, and TMT+GA200. GA at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg per body weight was administered orally 24 hours after TMT injection (8 mg/kg). The Y-maze was used to assess the working memory and the shuttle box was used to measure avoidance memory. The density of dark neurons in CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus was then assessed by dissector method. Moreover, in order to determine the existence of significant differences between the groups, one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test were used and p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. There was a significant decrease in the percentage of alteration behavior, delay in entering the dark room of shuttle box, along with an increased density of dark neurons in the TMT+NS group compared to the control group (p<0.001). While, administration of GA ameliorated the working and avoidance memory and reduced the density of CA1/CA3 dark neurons in the hippocampus compared to TMT+NS group (p˂0.001). GA administration appears to improve cognitive symptoms following TMT intoxication by reducing neuronal damage to CA1/CA3 areas of the hippocampus.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Evaluation of the Protective Effects of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Securigera Securidaca L. Seeds on Alterations of Serum Biochemical Parameters and Renal Indices in Tamsulosin-Treated Male Rats
Sadigheh Khezri Motlagh Mokhtar Mokhtari Mehrdad ShariatiSecurigera securidaca L. seeds are rich in polyphenols and flavonoids that have many biological effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Securigera securidaca seed on alterations in serum biochemical parameters i MoreSecurigera securidaca L. seeds are rich in polyphenols and flavonoids that have many biological effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Securigera securidaca seed on alterations in serum biochemical parameters including glucose, lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL), renal function indices (creatinine and BUN) and antioxidant enzymes activity (Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) in tamsulosin-treated male rats. Seventy-two adult male rats were grouped into 9 groups of 8. The control group did not receive drug treatment but the sham group received 1 ml of extract solvent, the positive control group received 0.4 mg/kg Tamsulosin, negative control groups 1, 2, and 3 received 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg extract, respectively and experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 first received 0.4 mg/kg Tamsulosin and then 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of extract for 28 days, respectively. Finally, blood samples were collected to measure the serum biochemical parameters. Tamsulosin increased the levels of glucose, creatinine and BUN, and decreased the level of antioxidant enzymes activity in the control group (p < 0.05), but did not cause significant changes in the level of lipid profile (p > 0.05). However, treatment with doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg of extract in experimental groups 2 and 3, improved glucose, creatinine, BUN and antioxidant enzymes activity compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Hydroalcoholic extract of Securigera securidaca seeds can improve changes in biochemical parameters and renal function indices in the serum of tamsulosin-treated male rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - The Effect of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) Extract on Sperm Parameters and Plasma Level of Testosterone in Male Rats
Seidmohammadreza seidtaj Mohamadreza AttarnosratiGlycyrrhiza Glabra is a Mediterranean perennial plant that its extract has glucose, asparagine, albumin materials, flavonoids, antioxidants, resins and so on, due to the presence of important medical and nutritional compounds, it has been considered by pharmaceutical an MoreGlycyrrhiza Glabra is a Mediterranean perennial plant that its extract has glucose, asparagine, albumin materials, flavonoids, antioxidants, resins and so on, due to the presence of important medical and nutritional compounds, it has been considered by pharmaceutical and food industries. On the other hand, the existence of numerous therapeutic effects of licorice, as well as the identification of the potential protective role of licorice against Covid-19 disease and the increase in its consumption, increases the importance of investigating the effects of licorice consumption on other body systems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract on sperm parameters and blood testosterone levels in male rate. Twenty-eight adult male rats, ranging in weight from 180 to 200 g were divided into four groups include control and three treatment groups which every group received 100, 200 or 300 doses of alcoholic extract by gavage daily for 10 days. The results of this study showed that the oral consumption of alcoholic extract of licorice plant at the rate 100 and 200 mg per body weight had no significant effect on sperm parameters and serum testosterone levels (p > 0.05) and only consumption of 300 mg/kg of body weight caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the average number of live sperms and their motility, as well as a significant decrease in the serum level of testosterone was observed in this dose (p < 0.05). But there was no significant effect on the weight of the testicles and the weight of the rats (p > 0.05). It seems that consuming high amounts of licorice extract has fertility-reducing effects in male rats, and this effect can be caused by the reduction of plasma testosterone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - The Comparison of Anxiolytic Effects of Black Tea (Camellia sinensis) VS. Valeriana sisymbriifolium Herbal Tea on the Female Rats
Manouchehr YousefiAnxiety is a common disorder that many people in the society suffer from and is associated with physiological symptoms such as tachycardia, sweating, breathing disorder, feeling numb and sometimes paralysis of limbs, etc. In this study, the anti-anxiety effects of black MoreAnxiety is a common disorder that many people in the society suffer from and is associated with physiological symptoms such as tachycardia, sweating, breathing disorder, feeling numb and sometimes paralysis of limbs, etc. In this study, the anti-anxiety effects of black tea (Camellia sinensis) were evaluated compared to Valerian sisymbriifolium herbal tea in female rats. For this work, 21 female rats weighing 150-200 grams were used. The animals were divided into 3 groups of seven including control, hyacinth recipient and black tea recipient. During the 24 hours before the anxiety test, the experimental groups received valerian tea and black tea with a dose of 0.3%, respectively, and the control group received drinking water instead of herbal tea. Then, the behavior of the mice was evaluated in order to investigate anxiety, motor activity for 5 minutes in an elevated plus-shaped maze. The obtained results were compared using the one-way analysis of variance test. Based on the findings of this study, no significant difference was observed between the anxiety-like behaviors of the black tea group compared to the valerian group. It seems that valerian tea in female rats not only does not have anti-anxiety effects, but also has no superiority over black tea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Extract against Carbon Tetrachloride – induced Liver Damage in Adult Male Wistar rats
Zahra Taherkhani Akram Eidi Pejman MortazaviThyme (Zataria Multiflora Boiss), belonging to the family Labiatae, is native to Iran and is used traditionally in food, especially in yogurt flavoring, as a stimulant, seasoning, and carminative. Very high medicinal properties of this plant were reported, such as antio MoreThyme (Zataria Multiflora Boiss), belonging to the family Labiatae, is native to Iran and is used traditionally in food, especially in yogurt flavoring, as a stimulant, seasoning, and carminative. Very high medicinal properties of this plant were reported, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity. This research aimed to evaluate the protective effects of ethanolic extract of thyme against hepatic damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in adult male Wistar rats. 40 rats were randomly divided into 8 groups: group 1 as normal control, groups 2-4 only thyme extract (50, 100, 200 mg/kg, gavage), group 5 (liver damage) receiving CCl4 (5/ 0 ml/kg, intraperitoneally, twice a week) for 8 weeks and groups of 6 to 8 thyme extracts (50, 100, 200 mg/kg, gavage) together with CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg, intraperitoneally, twice a week). At the end of the experiment (28 days), serum sample were prepared and the liver was removed for enzyme tests. CCl4 alone increased the serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP. Also, CCl4 treatment significantly decreased the levels of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver. Thyme extract treatment significantly improved the above parameters. Therefore, the results showed that thyme extract is a potent antioxidant agent against CCl4-induced liver damage in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - The Effects of Oil Extracted of Ricinus communis (Castor Oil Plant) on the Treatment of Gastritic Ulcer Induced by Acetic Acid in Male Rats
M. Azarshab gholamhassan vaezi M. RahnamaGastric ulcer is a benign disease in the digestion system caused by a small ulcer in the mucus layer of stomach. One of the ways to cure ulcer is using medicinal herbs. The medicinal herb, helpful in curing the gastric, is Ricinus communis. Its oil is antibacterial, ant MoreGastric ulcer is a benign disease in the digestion system caused by a small ulcer in the mucus layer of stomach. One of the ways to cure ulcer is using medicinal herbs. The medicinal herb, helpful in curing the gastric, is Ricinus communis. Its oil is antibacterial, antivirus and antifungal. It contains ricin oil, antioxidant, tanen and vitamin A, E and C that reduces inflammation of the ulcer. In this investigation, 60 male rats weighing 240-280 gr were provided. They were divided into 8 groups randomly, each including 12 rats. Control, sham and experiment group 1, 2, 3 with 50, 100, 200 mg/kg for Ricinus rats were not fed 48 h, 2h given water before surgery. Gastric was caused by injecting acetic acid to where there were no vessels. One day after causing the gastric, oil was given to the rats through gavage tube with different doses. The rats were killed in the day 4, 7, 10 and 14, and their stomachs were extracted and the dimensions of ulcer calculated based on millimeter square. After cutting samples and providing Lam with hematoxylin and eosin stain the percentage of recovery in oil of Ricinus in three doses (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) in the day 4, 7, 10 and 14 had a meaningful increase in comparison with Sham and control group (P<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Hepatic Enzymes in Healthy Rats
H. Dabirinejad M.R. Dayer T. MohammadiZinc ion is the second essential element in living organisms and is necessary for lots of enzymes activity e.g. alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. This ion also takes part in biological processes as human growth, immune response, and nerve function. Zinc de MoreZinc ion is the second essential element in living organisms and is necessary for lots of enzymes activity e.g. alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. This ion also takes part in biological processes as human growth, immune response, and nerve function. Zinc deficiency causes significant decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase or increase in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity. Increase in these two later enzymes, in turn, is an indicator of tissue damage even though there are controversies among researchers. Accordingly, we decided to study the effect of 0.6 gm/L of zinc sulfate in drinking water in a period of 3 months treatment on serum activities of hepatic enzymes in adult rats. Twenty female rats were selected in two equal groups as control and treated groups. For a period of three months, zinc sulfate dissolved in tap water was used to drink by the treated group while the control group drank tap water. Both groups had full access to pellet food during this study. Serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphates and lactate dehydrogenase were measured finally. Zinc sulfate significantly decreased alanine aminotransferase while it showed no effects on the three other enzymes. Dietary zinc sulfate not only exerts no damage to liver but also as food supplement seems to have protective effect on this organ. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Protective Effects of Chicory (Cichorium intybus) Hydroalcoholic Extract on Hepatotoxicity of Vincristine Sulfate in Rats
Neda Dehasht Bostan Roudi Vida HojatiVincristine is an anti-cancer drug which fights the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of chicory plant (Cichorium intybus)on hepatotoxicity of vincristine sulfate in rats. Adul MoreVincristine is an anti-cancer drug which fights the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of chicory plant (Cichorium intybus)on hepatotoxicity of vincristine sulfate in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were used in this study. 56 mice were divided into 7 groups of eight. Treatments were intraperitoneally performed for 15 days. The control group contained healthy mice. Experimental groups 1 and 2, each contains three subgroups with defined concentrations: Experimental group a1 received 15 mg/kg of chicory extract, 0.05 mg/kg of vincristine sulfate and again chicory extract. Experimental group b1 received 20 mg/kg of chicory extract, 0.1 mg/kg of vincristine and chicory extract again. Experimental group c1 received 25 mg/kg of chicory extract; then, vincristine at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg, and then chicory extract again. Experimental group a2: first 0.5 mg/kg vincristine then chicory extract at 15 mg/kg dose, and received Wayne Christian. Experimental b2: First, they received 0.1 mg/kg of vincristine; then, 15 mg/kg of chicory extract and again of vincristine. Experimental c2: first, they received 0.2 mg/kg vincristine, then 15 mg/kg chicory extract, and again vincristine. After performing the above steps by anesthetizing the animals, blood sampling from mice, serum isolation, liver isolation, the measurement of the level of biochemical parameters, and liver enzymes, and their liver tissue were tested. In this study, a significant increase in ALT and AST enzymes was observed in experimental groups 1 compared to the control group, and also a significant decrease was observed in experimental groups 2 compared to experimental groups 1. The results showed that the subcutaneous injection of vincristine had additive effects on the number of liver enzymes in experimental group 1, the chicory extract had high antioxidant properties and significantly reduced liver enzymes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Investigation of the Effect of Mobile Electromagnetic Waves on Prolactin Hormone in Rats
Kh. Safavi Naeini Z. EbrahimiIn the present modern life, using mobile phones is remarkable. The prolactin hormone is a peptide, secreted from the front of the pituitary gland and it is called so due to its role in lactation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of mobile p MoreIn the present modern life, using mobile phones is remarkable. The prolactin hormone is a peptide, secreted from the front of the pituitary gland and it is called so due to its role in lactation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of mobile phone waves on the prolactin hormone. In this study, 35 adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, each containing 7 rats. Experimental groups 1 and 2 were exposed to mobile waves (in conversation) for 3 and 6 hours, respectively for 7 days. Sham groups 1 and 2 were exposed to mobile phones for only 7 days (no conversation), and rats in the control group who received no waves for 7 days. The serum samples were collected and the prolactin hormone was measured by Eliza method. The data was analyzed using SPSS and ANOVA. The results showed that there was a significant reduction (p≤0.05) in the mean concentration of prolactin hormone between the control groups and the group that was exposed to 3 hours of mobile phone on, between the control group and the 6-hour mobile phone on group, and between the control groups and the 3-hour mobile group in conversation, between the control group and the 6-hour mobile group in conversation, between the 3-hour mobile phone on group and the 6-hour mobile phone group in conversation, between the 6-hour mobile phone on group and the 6-hour mobile phone group in conversation. Research results indicate a significant reduction in the concentration of prolactin hormone in the groups affected by the waves from the mobile phone. The longer the duration of exposure to waves, the severity of side effects will also increase. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and ANOVA. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the mean concentration of prolactin hormone between the control groups and the group of 3 hours of mobile phone on, between the control group and the 6-hour mobile phone on group, and between the control groups and the 3-hour mobile group in conversation, between the control group and the 6-hour mobile group in conversation, between the 3-hour mobile phone on group and the 6-hour mobile phone group in conversation, between the 6-hour mobile phone on group and the 6-hour mobile phone group in conversation. The results of this study indicate a significant decrease in the concentration of prolactin hormone in the groups affected by the waves from the mobile phone, so the longer the duration of exposure to waves, the severity of side effects will also increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Effect of Different Doses of the Copper Nanoparticles on the Lung Tissue of the Male Wistar Rats
Ramezani N. N. A. Shiravi V. HojatiNanoparticles are important in many aspects of human health applications. Given the lack of detailed documentation about the toxicity of silver nanoparticles, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of silver nanoparticles on lung tissue changes. In this stu MoreNanoparticles are important in many aspects of human health applications. Given the lack of detailed documentation about the toxicity of silver nanoparticles, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of silver nanoparticles on lung tissue changes. In this study, 30 Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 10, control, experimental 1 and experimental 2, were studied. For the control group distilled water, for experimental group 1 to 20-nanometer particles at a concentration of 500 mg per kg and for experimental groups of 2 to 20 nm nanoparticles with a concentration of 1000 mg/kg was used by inhalation for 10 d were investigated. After 10 d, mice were sacrificed and their lung tissues were isolated and dissolved in acid. Silver deposits in lung tissues were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis showed that silver nanoparticles in lung tissues at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg, in comparison with the control group had significant changes and effects on lung tissues. Changes indicated the cell and tissue damages, respectively. Lung as one of the important organs in the body respiratory system can be a place deposition of silver nanoparticles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Effects of Adagio and Allegro Music on Craving Consumption in Adult Male Rats Consuming Methamphetamine
S.S. Shojaei S.E. HosseiniNowadays, millions of people around the world abused methamphetamine as drug in order to enjoy the day. With regard to the side and addictive effects of this drug, this study aimed to investigate the effects of Adagio and Allegro music on craving consumption in rats tre MoreNowadays, millions of people around the world abused methamphetamine as drug in order to enjoy the day. With regard to the side and addictive effects of this drug, this study aimed to investigate the effects of Adagio and Allegro music on craving consumption in rats treated with methamphetamine. This experimental study was performed in Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht, Iran in 2016. Overall, 70 adult male rats were divided into control group (no treatment), sham (treated with a solvent) and 5 experimental groups receiving 1mg/kg methamphetamine influenced Adagio music, Allegro music, Adagio music with methamphetamine and Allegro music with methamphetamine. To assess craving consumption, conditioned place preference method was used. At the end, the data were evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey-test using SPSS-18. Significant differences of data at P≤0.05 were observed from the data analysis. Using methamphetamine and Adagio music alone and with each other as well as Allegro music with methamphetamine resulted in a significant increase Conditioned Place Preference at P≤0/01 compared to the control group while the Allegro music alone showed no significant effect. Music and methamphetamine probably by stimulating oxytocin and dopamine systems of the brain caused to increase the conditioned place preference; therefore, likely Adagio music can be employed as a safe way to reduce craving consumption in abusers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - The Effect of Administration of Gold Nanoparticles on the Histology of Ovary in Wistar Rats
Khadijeh Fattahi Arman Rostamzad Salman Soltani Reza HooshmandfarThe gold nanoparticles like other nanoparticles have catalytic, magnetic, optical, and biological properties. Nowadays there is a little information on their impact on human health. The aim of this research was the histological study of ovary after administration of gol MoreThe gold nanoparticles like other nanoparticles have catalytic, magnetic, optical, and biological properties. Nowadays there is a little information on their impact on human health. The aim of this research was the histological study of ovary after administration of gold nanoparticles in Wistar rats. The total of 40 female Wistar rats was randomly divided into 4 groups: control (treated with 1 ml normal saline) and three experimental groups. Group 1, 2 and 3 received 1 ml of solution containing 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg gold nanoparticle by gavage for 15 successive days, respectively. The ovaries were removed from postnatal development; their weights were recorded and fixed in Bouin’s solution; subsequently, 6 µm serial paraffin sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin; the structural changes of ovarian were studied. There was no significant difference on mean ovary of among all the treated, and control groups. There was no significant difference in the size of ovary, the average number of primary and secondary follicle among the 3 groups of rats (P<0.05). Therefore, gold nanoparticles at these concentrations and 60 nm size, do not effect on the ovary in Wistar rats Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Effect of Bacillus coagulants and Lactobacillus casei Probiotics on Liver Damage Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride and on Liver Enzymes Activity in Male Rats
N. Fathi Z. KeshtmandChemical pesticides cause liver dysfunction. The study was aimed at investigating the effects of Bacillus coagulants and Lactobacillus casei probiotics on liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) in male rats. In this experimental study, 40 adult male Wistar r MoreChemical pesticides cause liver dysfunction. The study was aimed at investigating the effects of Bacillus coagulants and Lactobacillus casei probiotics on liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) in male rats. In this experimental study, 40 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: control group (normal saline, 0.5 ml/day), sham group (Olive oil, 0.5 ml/day), placebo group (CCl4 in the ratio of 1:1 with Olive oil, 2ml/kg body weight, single dose), and treatment groups (CCl4 and Lactobacillus casei or Bacillus coagulans probiotics(. Liver damage was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 and probiotic treatment with a dose of 109 CFU for 35 days as gavage. One day after the last gavage, the levels of liver enzymes were measured and the histology of the liver tissue was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The obtained data was analyzed using one way ANOVA, Tukey test and p4 was significantly higher than that of the control and the sham groups (p<0.05). However, they showed a significant reduction in the treatment groups compared to the group receiving CCl4 (p<0.001). Liver tissue damage was also observed in the group receiving CCl4 compared to the control and the sham groups (p<0.001). The recovery in the liver tissue was observed in the group treated with probiotics compared to the group receiving CCl4 (p<0.05). Bacillus coagulans and Lactobacillus casei probiotics might reduce the destructive effects of CCl4 on the liver tissue through stimulating the secretion of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Trachyspermum copticum on Anxiety in Male Rats
Z. Mohammadi Manesh Nasrin HeidariehAnxiety is a common disorder of unknown origin is associated with an unpleasant feeling. According to the anxiolytic effects TC traditional medicine, Trachyspermum copticum effect on anxiety male Wistar rats was investigated. T. copticum seed after detection by the univ MoreAnxiety is a common disorder of unknown origin is associated with an unpleasant feeling. According to the anxiolytic effects TC traditional medicine, Trachyspermum copticum effect on anxiety male Wistar rats was investigated. T. copticum seed after detection by the university herbarium, hydro-alcoholic extract was extracted by Soxhlet and the extract powder was prepared using smart legitimate. Male Wistar rats (230 ± 20 gr) were placed. In groups intact, recipient of the DMSO (solvent extraction) (0.3 ml), received extract in different doses of 50, 25, 15 mg/kg. All injections were performed intraperitoneally. Half an hour after injection, anxiety was measured using the elevated plus maze. Indicators of anxiety for 5 min, including time spent and number of entries into the open arm was recorded. Data were analyzed by ANOVA statistical tests and Tukey test. The group receiving the extract solvent (DMSO) compared to intact in time spent and number of entries into the open arm did not show a significant difference. The group receiving a dose of 15 mg/kg compared to the group receiving DMSO in time spent and number of entries into the open arm showed a significant increase. T. copticum hydroalcoholic extract has anxiolytic effects in low doses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Oxidative Stress in Adult Female Wistar Rats
N. Nowrozi E. Samani Jahromi S. Zolghadri JahromiWe aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of silver nanoparticles on oxidative stress in adult female of Wistar rats. In this experimental study, 50 adult female of Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. The control group (no treatment), sham group (0.2 mg/k MoreWe aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of silver nanoparticles on oxidative stress in adult female of Wistar rats. In this experimental study, 50 adult female of Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. The control group (no treatment), sham group (0.2 mg/kg physiology serum), experimental group 1 (50 mg/kg isoniazid), experimental group 2 (50 mg/kg isoniazid and 0.25 mg/kg silver nanoparticles) and the experimental group 3 (50 mg/kg isoniazid and 0.5 mg/kg silver nanoparticles) were given. All injections were prescribed for 15 d and isoniazid and silver nanoparticles were injected in gavage and intraperitoneally, respectively. Then all animals were anesthetized and blooded. In the end, the data were examined by ANOVA test at a significance level of P<0.05 using SPSS software. Isoniazid increases nitric oxide, reduces glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity. While treating the animals with silver nanoparticles reduced the side effects of oxidant-induced by isoniazid, with decreasing nitric oxide, increased glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity by reducing nitric oxide production and increasing glutathione peroxidase activity oxidative, silver nanoparticle prevent from oxidative damages and the destruction of red blood cell (RBC) membrane. In other words, the tests showed the antioxidant role of silver nanoparticles as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - The Effect of Ginger Extract on Histopathological Changes of the Liver and ALT, AST as well as ALK Enzymes in Azathioprine-Treated Rats
F. Yazdanparast V. Hemayatkhah JahromiAzathioprine has a large application in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and in organ transplant. Results of studies indicate the adverse effects of this medicine on the liver structure and function. Ginger is a medicinal plant with strong antioxidant properties and MoreAzathioprine has a large application in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and in organ transplant. Results of studies indicate the adverse effects of this medicine on the liver structure and function. Ginger is a medicinal plant with strong antioxidant properties and protective effects against various toxins.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ginger extract on liver changes induced by azathioprine in rats. In this experimental study, 56 adult male rats were divided into 7 groups of 8: 1- control (ordinary water and food) 2- Sham (distilled water as a solvent) 3- azathioprine (15 mg / kg) 4- hydroalcoholic extract of ginger (200 mg / kg) 4- Ginger extract hydro-alcoholic (200 mg / kg) 5- Azathioprine (15 mg / kg) with ginger extract (50 mg / kg), 6- Azathioprine (15 mg / kg) with ginger extract (100 mg / Kg) 7- Azathioprine (15 mg / kg) with ginger extract (50 mg / kg). On the 21st day after the start of the experiment and after weighing the animals, blood samples were taken from their hearts and serum concentrations of ALT, AST, ALP were measured. Renal tissue was separated and tissue sections were prepared. Zinger hydroalcoholic extract could protect the liver tissue and reduce the severity of azathioprine degradation effects on liver tissue. The hydroalcoholic extract of ginger had a protective effect on liver tissue due to its antioxidant properties by inhibiting free radicals produced by azathioprine and the extract also decreases the severity of azathioprine degradation effects on liver tissues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Comparison of the effects of Omperazole and Rabeprazole in prevention of Indomethacin induced gastric ulcers in rats
بابک Rezvanjoo ابوالفضل Baghaikia فریبرز Moayer M. Ghafari S.H Shirazi-beheshtihaPeptic ulcer is a common disease in veterinary and human medicine.Protective factors in gastrointestinal tractcontain: mucosal defense, prostaglandin G, local circulation, mucous, Antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C,melatonin, Superoxide dismutase). Ulcerogenic factors i MorePeptic ulcer is a common disease in veterinary and human medicine.Protective factors in gastrointestinal tractcontain: mucosal defense, prostaglandin G, local circulation, mucous, Antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C,melatonin, Superoxide dismutase). Ulcerogenic factors in gastrointestinal tract contain: HP, acid, pepcin, stress,Genetic, free radicals, NSAIDs, duodenogastric reflux, virus, zollinger- ellison syndrom.Indomethacin is a NSAID drug. Omeprazole, rabeprazole and pantoprazole are Proton Pump Inhibitor (PIP) drugs.This study have performed on 6 groups of rats: saline, indomethacin, omeprazole (10mg/kg) + indomethacin,omprazole (1mg/kg) + indomethacin, rabeprazole (10mg/kg) + indomethacin, rabeprazole (1mg/kg) +indomethacin. All rats were killed 4 hours after the last injection of indomethacin and stomachs were prepared forcalculation of j.score and histopathological study.In indomethacin group, injection of indomethacin was associated with signifcant increased in j.score comparedwith saline group. Injection of omeprazole and rabeprazole, was associated with signifcant decrease in j.scorecompared with indomethacin group.Injection of rabeprazole, was associated with signifcant decrease in j.scorecompared with omeprazole group. Histopathological results confrmed j.score results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Effect of Oleuropein on blood glucose and gene expression of pyruvate kinase in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats
Akram Asadi مریم رفیعی راد Ameneh JavidBackground & Aim: Considering the antioxidant properties of oleuropein and the role of antioxidants in improving diabetes, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of oleuropein on blood glucose levels and pyruvate kinase gene expression in diab MoreBackground & Aim: Considering the antioxidant properties of oleuropein and the role of antioxidants in improving diabetes, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of oleuropein on blood glucose levels and pyruvate kinase gene expression in diabetic male rats. Materials & Methods: 40 rats aged 2-3 months (weighing 200-250 grams) were divided into four groups of ten. By injecting streptozotocin (60 mg/kg), type 1 diabetes was induced in male rats. After intraperitoneal injection of STZ, animals with blood glucose above 200 mg/kg were considered diabetic. The control groups and the diabetic group only received saline and the treated diabetic groups received 10, 20 mg/kg oleuropein daily by gavage for four weeks. At the end of the experiment period, all the rats were dissected after anesthesia with ether by drawing blood from the heart and liver tissue was isolated and used to check the expression of pyruvate kinase gene by Real-time PCR method. Data analysis was performed using Tukey's test at P<0.05 level. Results: The results showed that in the diabetic group receiving doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg of oleuropein, the blood glucose level decreased significantly compared to the diabetic group. Examining the expression of pyruvate kinase gene also showed that there was a decrease in the diabetic group compared to the healthy control group, but this decrease was not statistically significant. On the other hand, in the diabetic group treated with 20 and 10 mg/kg doses of oleuropein, pyruvate kinase gene expression increased significantly compared to the diabetic group. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the administration of oleuropein has been able to reduce blood glucose by changing the expression of the pyruvate kinase gene. Manuscript profile
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