Protective effects of regular aerobic exercise on renal tissue injury following creatine monohydrate supplementation in rats
Subject Areas :
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Davoud Rahimi
1
,
Hassan Matin Homaee
2
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد فیزیولوژی ورزشی-تغذیه ورزشی، واحد تهران مرکز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیت بدنی، واحد تهران مرکز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
Received: 2016-12-09
Accepted : 2017-01-07
Published : 2017-01-20
Keywords:
Rat,
kidney,
Creatine,
Aerobic exercise,
Abstract :
Creatine is one of the most common supplements for improvement of athletic performance which is used by athletes. The most important debate about creatine consumption is its adverse effect on kidneys due to increased protein load. This study was performed to evaluate the protective effects of aerobic exercise on renal tissue injury following consumption of creatine monohydrate in the rat. For this purpose, 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each. Group 1, as control, received only standard food. Group 2 received 5 g/kg b.w. creatine monohydrate supplement daily for 8 weeks through gavage and group 3 received creatine monohydrate supplementation in the same manner30 minutes before aerobic exercise. Aerobic exercise was performed 5 times per week on treadmill at speed of 10-25m/min for 10-30 minutes with the slope of 5 degrees. At the end of 8 weeks, water intake and urinary excretion of rats were measured and blood samples were collected for measurement of serum renal function biomarkers including urea, uric acid and creatinine. Finally, the rats were euthanized for renal histopathology. In group 3, by doing regular aerobic exercise, water intake and urinary excretion rates were significantly (p<0.05) increased compared to group 2 and serum biomarkers of kidney injury decreased significantly (p<0.05). In group 3, microscopic studies showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction of glomerulo-tubular and renal interstitial damages compared to group 2. The results showed that regular aerobic exercise can ameliorate kidney tissue damage following creatine monohydrate supplementation in rats. Conflict of interest: None declared.
References:
Antognoni, M.T., Siepi, D., Porciello, F. and Fruganti, G. (2005). Use of serum cytatin C determination as a marker of renal function in the dog. Veterinary Research Communication, 29: 265-267.
Balsom Wyss, M. and Kaddurah-Daouk, R. (2000). Creatine and creatinine metabolism. Physiological Reviews, 80: 1107-1213.
Bhalodia, Y., Kanzariya, N., Patel, R., Patel, N., Vaghasiya, J., Jivani, N., et al. (2009). Renoprotective activity of Benincasa cerifera fruit extract on ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal damage in rat. Iranian Journal of Kidney Disease, 3(2): 80-85.
Caraway, W.T. (1955). Determination of uric acid in serum by carbonate method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 25: 840-845.
Casey, A. and Greenhaff, P.L. (2000). Dose dietary creatine supplementation play a role in skeletal muscle metabolism and performance. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(Suppl): 607-617.
Edmunds, J.W., Jayapalan, S., DiMarco, N.M., Saboorian, M.H. and Aukema, H.M. (2001). Creatine supplementation increases renal disease progression in Han: SPRD-cy rat. American Journal of Kidney Disease, 37(1): 73-78.
Fawcett, J.K. and Scott, J.E. (1960). A rapid and precise method for the determination of urea. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 13: 156-159.
Ferreiral, G., De Toledo Bergmaschi, C., Lazaretti-Castro, M. and Heilberg, I.P. (2005). Effects of creatine supplementation on bady composition and renal function in rats. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(9): 1525-1529.
Hultman, E., Greenhaff, P.L. and Ren, J.M. (1991). Energy metabolism and fatigue during intense muscle contraction. Biochemical Society Transactions, 19: 347-353.
Jaffe, M. (1886). Concerning the precipitate produced in normal urine by picric acid and a new reaction of creatinine. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, 10: 391-400.
Juhn, M.S. (1999). Oral creatine supplementation: Separating fact from hype. Physiology of Sports Medicine, 27: 47-61.
Juhn, M.S. and Tarnopolsky, M. (1998). Oral creatine supplementation and athletic performance: A critical review. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 8: 286-297.
Karimi, G., Ramezani, M. and Tahoonian, Z. (2005). Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity and Protection by Milk Thistle Extract in Rats. Evidence Based Complementary Alternative Medicine, 2: 383-386.
Koshy, K. and Griswold, E. (1999). Interstitial nephritis in a patient taking creatine. The New England Journal of Medicine, 340(10): 814-815.
Kraemer, W.J. and Volek, J.S. (1999). Creatine supplementation: Its role in human performance. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 18: 651-666.
Miyagawa, Y., Takemura, N. and Hirose, H. (2009). Evaluation of the measurement of serum cystatin C by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for humans as a marker of the glomerular filtration rate in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Science, 71: 1169-1176.
Newman, S.J., Confer, A.W. and Panciera, R.J. (2007). Urinary system. In: Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease. Mc Gavin, M.D. and Zachary, J.F. editors. 4th ed., UK: Mosby, Elsevier, pp: 644-656.
Oge, H., Doganay, A., Oge, S. and Yildirim, A. (2003). Prevalence and distribution of Dirofilaria immitis in domestic dogs from Ankara and vicinity in Turkey. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 110: 69-72.
Persky, A. and Branzeau, G. (2001). Clinical pharmacology of the dietary supplement ceratine monohydrate. Pharmacological Reviews, 53(2): 161-176.
Poortmans, J. and Francaux, M. (2000). Adverse effects of creatine supplementation: fact or fiction? Sports Medicine, 30(3): 155-170.
Randers, E. and Erlandsen, E.J. (1999). Serum cystatin C as an endogenous marker of the renal function – A Review. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 37: 389-395.
Robinson, T.M., Sewell, D.A., Casey, A., Steenge, G. and Greenhaff, P.L. (2000). Dietary creatine supplementation does not affect hematological indices, or indices of muscle damage and hepatic and renal function. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(4): 284-288.
Smith, J.C., Stephens, D.P. and Hall, E.L. (1998). Effect of oral creatine ingestion on parameters of the work rate- time relationship and time to exhaustion in high- intensity cycling. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 77: 360-365.
Souza, R.A., Miranda, H., Xavier, M., Lazo-Osorio, R.A., Gouvea, H.A., Cogo, J.C., et al. (2009). Effects of high-dose creatine supplementation on kidney and liver responses in sedentary and exercised rats. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 8(4): 672-681.
Teitz, N.W. (1987). Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry. Philadelphia: NB Saunders Company, pp: 638-639.
Terjung, R.L., Clarkson, P., Eichner, E.R., Greenhaff, P.L., Hespel, P.J., Israel, R.G., et al. (2000). American College of Sports Medicine roundtable. The physiological and health effects of oral creatine supplementation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(3): 706-717.
Thompson, W.R. (2010). American College of Sports Medicine. In: ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. Gordon, N.F. and Pescatello, L.S. editors. 8th ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, pp: 580-640.
Vanderberie, F., Vandeneynde, B.M. and Vandenberghe, K. (1998). Effect of creatine on endurance capacity and sprint power in cyclists. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 8: 2055-2063.
Volek, J.S., Kraemer, W.J. and Bush, J.A. (1997). Creatine supplementation enhances muscular performance during high-intensity resistance exercise. Journal of American Dietary Association, 97: 765-770.
Walker, H.B. (1979). Creatine biosynthesis, regulation, and function. Advances in Enzymology Related Areas of Molecular Biology, 50: 177-242.
_||_
