Effect of astaxanthin on testicular damage induced by cadmium chloride in adult male Wistar rats
Subject Areas : Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Mahvash Hafez-Amini
1
(
PhD Graduate, Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
)
Akram Eidi
2
(
Professor, Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
)
Pejman Mortazavi
3
(
Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
)
Fattah Sotoodehnejadnematalahi
4
(
Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
)
Keywords: Oxidative stress, Rat, Astaxanthin, cadmium chloride, Testicular injury,
Abstract :
The protective role of astaxanthin on human health, including the prevention of cardiovascular disease, prevention of cell aging, refers to the very strong antioxidant properties of this substance. Cadmium is one of the pollutants in ecosystems. This heavy metal acts as a toxin on the reproductive system and destroys the process of spermatogenesis in testicular tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of astaxanthin on cadmium chloride induced testicular damage in adult male Wistar rats. In this study, 45 rats were randomly divided into 9 groups. The healthy control group did not receive any treatment. Control group, physiological serum, infertile control group, cadmium chloride (1 mg / kg body weight) by intraperitoneal injection, astaxanthin receiving groups (5, 10 and 20 mg / kg body weight) by gavage and groups They received cadmium chloride and astaxanthin (5, 10 and 20 mg / kg) at the same time. Test samples from testicular tissue homogenates were used to measure oxidative stress parameters. The parameters were analyzed by photometric method with ELISA reader and microplate reader. The results showed that astaxanthin (10 and 20 mg / kg body weight) increased the antioxidant enzymes SOD, GPX and CAT and astaxanthin (10 mg / kg body weight) decreased MDA. Thus, astaxanthin may act as an antioxidant in protecting the rat testis against oxidative stress induced by cadmium chloride.
References:
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Ahmadi, Z. and Ashrafizadeh, M. (2018). Downregulation of osteocalcin gene in chickens treated with lead acetate II. International Biological and Biomedical Journal, 4(4): 177-182.
Acosta, I.B., Junior, A.S.V., EF, E.S., Cardoso, T.F., Caldas, J.S., Jardim, R.D., et al. (2016). Effects of exposure to cadmium in sperm cells of zebrafish. Toxicology Reports, 3(1): 696-700.
Agarwal, A., Prabakaran, S. and Said, T. (2005). Prevention of oxidative stress injury to sperm. Journal of Andrology, 26(6): 654-660.
Agarwal, A., Virk, G., Ong, C. and Du Plessis, S. (2014). Effect of oxidative stress on male The World Journal of Men's Health, 32(1): 1-17.
Aitken, R.J. (1997). Molecular mechanisms regulating human sperm function. Molecular Human Reproduction, 3(3): 169-173.
Andrisani, A., Dona, G., Tibaldi, E., Maria Brunati, A., Sabbadin, C.H., Armanini, D., et al. (2015). Astaxanthin improves human sperm capacitation by inducing lyn displacement and activation. Marine Drugs, 13(9): 5533-5551.
Alkhedaide, A., Alshehri, Z.S., Sabry, A., Abdel-Ghaffar, T., Soliman, M.M. and Attia. H. (2016). Protective effect of grape seed extract against cadmium-induced testicular dysfunction. Molecular Medicine Reports, 13(4): 3101-3109.
Alvarez, J.G., Touchtone, J., Touchstone J.C., Blasco, L. and Storey, B. (1987). Spontaneous lipid peroxidation and production of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide in human spermatozoa superoxide dismutase as major enzyme protectant against oxygen toxicity. Journal of Andrology, 8(5): 338-348.
Amara, S., Abdelmelek, H., Garrel, C., Guiraud, P., Douki, T., Ravanat, J.L., et al. (2008). Preventive effect of zinc against cadmium-induced oxidative stress in the rat testis. Development & Reproduction, 54(2): 129-134.
Aprioku, J.S., (2013). Pharmacology of free radicals and the impact of reactive oxygen species on the testis. Journal of Reproduction and Infertility, 14(4): 158-172.
Asadi, N. (2017). The impact of oxidative stress on testicular function and the role of antioxidants in improving it: a review. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR, 11(5): 1-5.
Asghari, M.H., Moloudizargari, M., Bahadar, H. and Abdollahi, M. (2016). A review of the protective effect of melatonin in pesticide-induced toxicity. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, 13(5): 545-554.
Ashrafizadeh, M. and Ahmadi, Z. (2019). Effect of Astaxanthin treatment on the sperm quality of the mice treated with nicotine. Reviews in Clinical Medicine, 6(1): 1-5.
Bahmanzadeh, M., Vahidnia, A., Mahdinejadiani, S.H., Shokri, S. and Alizadeh, Z. (2016). Dietary supplementation with astaxanthin may ameliorate sperm parameters and DNA integrity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine, 43(2): 90-96.
Baninameh, Z., Moloudizargari, M., Ghasemnejad Berenji, H., Rezaie Chamani, S., Hassanzadeh, V., Ferrante, M., et al. (2016). Urtica dioica attenuate effect of doxorubicin-induced changes on sperm parameters in the International Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 5(11): 116-121.
Bauer, R., Demeter, I., Hasemann, V. and Johansen, J.T. (1980). Structural properties of the zinc site in Cu,Znsuperoxide dismutase; perturbed angular correlation of gamma ray spectroscopy on the Cu, 111Cd-superoxide dismutase derivative. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 94(4): 1296-1302.
Borowitzka, M.A. (1999). Commercial production of microalgae: ponds, tanks, tubes and fermentors. Journal of Biotechnology, 70(1): 313-321.
Caslino, E., Sblano, C. and Landriscina, C. (1997). Enzyme activity alteration by cadmium administration to rats: the possibility of iron involuement in lipid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 346(2): 171-179.
Dhankhar, J., Kadiad, S. and Sharma, A. (2012). Astaxanthin: A potential carotenoid. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 3(5): 1246.
Dokumacioglu, E., Iskender, H., Yenice, , Kapakin, K.A.T., Sevim, C., Hayirli, A., et al. (2018). Effects of astaxanthin on biochemical and histopathological parameters related to oxidative stress on testes of rats on high fructose regime. Andrologia, 50(7): 1-10.
Farhangdoost, F., JafariBarmak, M., Hemayatkhah Jahromi, V., Azizi, A., Mahmoodi, R., et al. (2013). Aloe vera extract effect on sperm quality and testicular tissue of rats induced by cadmium chloride. Armaghane-Danesh, 19(1): 47-55.
Fatahian Dehkordi, R., Alijani, M.R., Rahimi Junqani, R. and Bahadoran, Sh. (2020). The effects of pomegranate skin extract and powder on renal tissue structure following experimental cadmium poisoning in Japanese quail. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 14(53): 37-50. [In Persian]
Fukuzawa, K. (2000). Singlet oxygen scavenging in phospholipid membranes. Methods in Enzymology, 319(10): 101-110.
Gharagozloo, P. and Aitken, R.J. (2011). The role of sperm oxidative stress in male infertility and the significance of oral antioxidant therapy. Human Reproduction, 26(7): 1628-1640.
Ghavidel Aghdam, E., Narimani Rad, M. and Lotfi, A. (2016). Effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized through chemical reduction on plasma superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes in rat model. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 10(37): 69-80. [In Persian]
Gil-Guzman, E., Ollero, M., Lopez, M.C., Sharma, R.K., Alvarez, J.G., Thomas, Jr, A.J., et al. (2001). Differential production of reactive oxygen species by subsets of human spermatozoa at different stages of maturation. Human Reproduction, 16(9): 1922-1930.
Goto, S., Kogure, K., Abe, K., Kimata, Y., Kitahama, K., Yamashita, E., et al. (2001). Efficient radical trapping at the surface and inside the phospholipid membrane is responsible for highly potent antiperoxidative activity of the carotenoid Biochemical and Biophysical Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes, 1512(2): 251-258.
Hassanpour, H., Bigham Sadegh, A., Karimi, I., Heidari Khoei, H., Karimi, A., Edalati Shaarbaf, P., et al. (2017). Comparative expression analysis of HSP70, HSP90, IL-4, TNF, KITLG and KIT-receptor gene between varicocele-induced and non-varicocele testes of International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 11(3): 148-155.
Heidari Khoei, H., Fakhri, S., Parvardeh, S., Shams Mofarahe, Z., Baninameh, Z. and Vardiani, M. (2018a). Astaxanthin prevents the methotrexateinduced reproductive toxicity by targeting oxidative stress in male mice. Toxin Reviews, 38(4): 1-7.
Heidari Khoei, H., Fakhri, S., Parvardeh, S., Shams Mofarahe, Z., Ghasemnejad-Berenji, H., Nazarian, H., et al. (2018b). Testicular toxicity and reproductive performance of streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats: the ameliorating role of silymarin as an antioxidant. Toxin Reviews, 38(3): 223-233.
Ibrahim, S.F., Osman, K., Das, S, Mazni Othman, A., Abdul Majid, N. and Abdul Rahman, M.P. (2008). A study of the antioxidant effect of alpha lipoic acids on sperm quality. Clinics (Sao Paulo), 63(4): 545-550.
Jamalan, M., Ghaffari, M.A., Hoseinzadeh, P., Hashemitabar, M. and Zeinali, M. (2016). Human sperm quality and metal toxicants: protective effects of some flavonoids on male reproductive function. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility, 10(2): 215-223.
Jamshidi, N., Asghari, A., Neshat, M. and Mortazavi, P. (2016). Effects of magnesium sulfate administration on ischemia-reperfusion kidney in rat. Veterinary Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 115(1): 63-75.
Jiang, X., Chen, L., Shen, L., Chen, Z., Xu, L., Zhang, J. and Yu, X. (2016). Trans-astaxanthin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and depressive-like behavior in mice. Brain Research Journal, 1649(1): 30-37.
Kadivar, A., Heidari Khoei, H., Hassanpour, H., Ghanaei, H., Golestanfar, A., Mehraban, H., et al. (2016). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARa, PPARc and PPARb/d) gene expression profile on ram spermatozoa and their relation to the sperm Veterinary Research Forum, 7(1): 27-34.
Kara, H., Cevik, A., Konar, V., Dayangac, A. and Yilmaz, M. (2007). Protective effects of antioxidants against cadmium-induced oxidative damage in rat testes. Biological Trace Element Research, 120(1-3): 205-211.
Kidd, P. (2011). Astaxanthin, cell membrane nutrient with diverse clinical benefits and anti-aging potential. Alternative Medicine Review, 16 (4): 355-364.
Koyuturk, M., Yanardag, R., Bolkent, S. and Tunali, S. (2006). Influence of combined antioxidants against cadmium induced testicular damage. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 21(3): 235-240.
Li, Y., Wu, J., Zhou, W. and Gao, J. (2016). Association between environmental exposure to cadmium and human semen quality. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 26(2): 175-186.
Mansour, N., McNiven, M.A. and Richardson, G.F. (2006). The effect of dietary supplementation with blueberry, alpha-tocopherol or astaxanthin on oxidative stability of Arctic char (Salvelinus Alpinus) semen. Theriogenology, 66(2): 373-382.
Massanyi, P., Weis, J., Lukac, N., Trandzik, J. and Bystricka, J. (2008). Cadmium, zinc, copper, sodium and potassium concentrations in rooster and turkey semen and their correlation. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 43(5): 563-565.
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