The Effect of Anxiety and Oleuropein-induced Memory Improvement in an Animal Model of Ischemia

Subject Areas : Journal of Animal Biology

Shahrbanoo Alami Rostami ¹ ( Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan Branch, Gorgan, Iran )

Received: 2021-10-06 Accepted : 2021-11-11 Published : 2022-05-22

Keywords: Male rat, Memory, Cerebral ischemia, anxiety, Oleuropein,

Abstract :

Cerebral ischemia is a condition not reaching all or part of the brain, blood, and therefore oxygen. According to the property oleuropein antioxidant, the current study was performed aiming at using this substance to affect anxiety and improve memory in ischemic animals. In this study, 50 Wistar rats in the weight range of 200 to 250 g were randomly assigned to 5 groups including: control group; the ischemia group was divided by occlusion of both common carotid arteries and the three ischemia groups that received oleuropein at doses (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) by gavage for 14 days. To cause ischemia, bilateral carotid arteries were isolated, blocked in two, and severed in the middle. Memory assessment was performed using the passive avoidance learning test (shuttle box) and the elevated plus maze device was used to assess anxiety. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD support. Ischemia decreased memory (p <0.001). Anxiety was reduced (p <0.001) and administration of doses of 10, 50, 100 mg/kg oleuropein, especially 100 mg/kg, led to improvement in memory deficits (p <0.001) and anxiety (p <0.001). Based on the results of this study, it seems that oleuropein reduces the severity of cognitive and behavioral disorders caused by hypoperfusion ischemia due to its antioxidant properties and inhibition of free radicals.

References:

1. Alami-Rostami S., Rafieirad M. 2018. The hypoperfusion ischemia effect of hydro-alcoholic Ferulago angulata extract on locomotor activity and anxiety caused by hypoperfusion ischemia in adult male rats. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 7(1):51-55. [In persian]

2. Baharvand B., Esmailidehaj M., Alihosaini J., Bajoovand S., Esmailidehaj S., Hafizi Barjin Z. 2016. Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effects of Oleuropein on Reperfusion-Induced Arrhythmia in Anesthetized Rat. IranianBiomedical Journal, 20(1) :41-48. [In persian]

3. Bouayed J., Rammal H., Soulimani R. 2009. Oxidative stress and anxiety: Relationship and cellular pathways. Oxidative Medicineand Cellular Longevity, 2(2): 63-67.


4. Chan P.H. 2001. Reactive oxygen radicals in signaling and damage in the ischemic brain.
   Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism: official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 21(1): 2-14.


5. Dean O.M., Van den Buuse M., Bush A.I., Copolov D.L, Ng F., Dodd S., Berk M. 2009. A role for glutathione in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia? Animal models and relevance to clinical practice. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 16: 2965-2976.


6. Farr S.A., Price T.O., Dominguez L.J., Motisi A., Saiano F., Niehoff M.L., Morley J.E., Banks W.A., Ercal N., Barbagallo M. 2012. Extra virgin olive oil improves learning and memory in SAMP8 mice. Journal of Alzheimers Disease, 28(1):81-92.


7. Ghasemzadeh Dehkordi S., Doulah A., Rafieirad M. 2019. The Effect of Four Weeks Swimming Practice and Oleuropin Supplementation on Memory Impairment and Parkinson's Pain in Adult Male Rats. Journal of Animal Physiology and Development, 4(47): 13-22.  [In persian]


8. Hosseinzadeh H., Parvardeh S., Asl M.N., Sadeghnia H.R., Ziaee T. 2007. Effect of thymoquinone and Nigella sativa seeds oil on lipid peroxidation level during global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat hippocampus. Phytomedicine, 14(9): 621-627.


9. Hosseini S., Hajizadeh A. 2015. Evaluation of the Protective Effect of Olive Leaf Extracts on Anxiety-like Behaviors in an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 17(7): 36-43. [In persian]


10. Hong J.T., Ryu S.R., Kim H.J., Lee J.K., Lee SH., Kim D.B. 2000. Neuroprotective effect of green tea extract in experimental ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. Brain Research Bulletin, 53(6): 743-749.


11. Karabag-Coban F., Hazman O., Bozkurt M.F., Ince S. 2017. Antioxidant status and anti-inflammatory effects of oleuropein in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 18(2): 1-10.


12. Khosravi H., Rahnema M., Asle-Rousta M. 2017. Anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) hydro-alcoholic extract in male rats exposed to chronic restraint stress. Nova Biologica Reperta, 4: 1-8. [In persian]


13. Kovacsova M., Bart A., Parohova J., Vrankova S., Pechanova O. 2010. Neuroprotective mechanisms of natural polyphenolic compounds. Activitas Nervosa Superior Rediviva, 52(3): 181-186.


14. Komaki A., Hoseini F., Shahidi S., Baharloui N. 2016. Study of the effect extract of Thymus vulgaris on axiety in male rats. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 6: 257-261.


15. Kumaran A., Karunakaran R.J. 2006. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of an aqueous extract of Coleus aromaticus. Food Chemistry, 97(1):109-14.


16. Lee B., Shim I.,  Lee H., Hahm D.H. 2018. Oleuropein reduces anxiety-like responses by activating of serotonergic and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-ergic systems in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Animal Cells Systems, 22(2): 109–117.


17. Manna C., Migliardi V., Golino P., Scognamiglio A., Galletti P., Chiariello M. 2004. Oleuropein prevents oxidative myocardial injury by ischemia and reperfusion. Journal of Nutrition and Biochemistry, 15(8): 461-466.


18. Moshfeg A., Moshfegh G. 2020. Investigation of the Effects of Oleuropein on Depression Induced by Scopolamine in Adult Mice. Journal of Animal Biology, 13(1): 101-107.


19. Mohagheghi F., Bigdeli M.R., Rasoulian B., Zeinanloo A.A., Khoshbaten A. 2010. Dietary virgin olive oil reduces blood brain barrier permeability, brain edema, and brain injury in rats subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. Cientific World Journal, 10: 1180-1191.


20. Nozari K., Rafieirad M. 2019. Comparison of Alphapinene and Donpezil Effects on Passive Avoidance Memory in Adult Male Rats. Journal of Qom Universityof Medical Sciences, 13(4) :1-10. [In persian]


21. Omar S.H. 2010. Oleuropein in olive and its pharmacological effects. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 78(2): 133-154.


22. Peng Z., Xiao P., Guo H., Liu Q. 2009. Effect of early hyperbaric oxygen on neuronal apoptosis and learning and memory of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban, 34(6): 468-475.


23. Rammal H., Bouayed J., Falla J., Boujedaini N., Soulimani R. 2010. The Impact of high anxiety level on cellular and humoral immunity in mice. Neuroimmunomodulation, 17: 1-8.


24. Raouf Sarshoori J., Asadi M.H., Mohammadi M.T.2014. Effect of olive oil on the cerebral reperfusion following ischemia injuries in rat. Journalof Birjand Universityof Medical Sciences, 21(1): 56-67. [In persian]


25. Saeedipour S., Rafieirad M. 2020. Anti-anxiety effect of Alpha-pinene in comparison with Diazepam in adult male rats. Feyz, 24(3): 253-245. [In persian]


26. Sarkaki A., Farbood Y., Hashemi S., Rafiei Rad M. 2015. Pomegranate seed hydroalcoholic extract improves memory deficits in ovariectomized rats with permanent cerebral hypoperfusion /ischemia. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 5(1): 43-55. [In persian]


27. Sarkaki A., Rafieirad M., Farbood Y., Mansouri S., Moatamedi F. 2012. Cognitive deficiency induced by cerebral hypoperfusion/ischemia improves by exercise and grape seed extract. Healthmed Journal, 6: 1097-1105.


28. Subash S., Braidy N., Essa M.M., Zayana A.B., Ragini V., Al-Adawi S., Al-Asmi Guillemin G.J. 2015. Long-term (15 mo) dietary supplementation with pomegranates from Oman attenuates cognitive and behavioral deficits in a transgenic mice model of Alzheimer's disease. Nutrition, 31: 223-229.


29. Tamaddonfard E., Farshid A.A., Asri-Rezaee S., Javadi S., Khosravi V., Rahman B. 2013. Crocin improved learning and memory impairments in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences,16(1): 91-100. [In persian]


30. Tsigos C., Chrousos G.P. 2002. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(4): 865-871.


31. Warner D.S., Sheng H., Batinic-Haberle I. 2004. Oxidants, antioxidants and the ischemic brain. Journalof Experimental Biology, 207 (Pt 18): 3221-3231.


32. Xing B., Chen H., Zhang M., Zhao D., Jiang R., Liu X. 2008. Ischemic postconditioning inhibits apoptosis after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat. Stroke, 39(8): 2362-2369.

33. Zamani M., Hassanshahi J., Soleimani M., Zamani F. 2013. Neuroprotective effect of olive oil in the hippocampus CA1 neurons following ischemia: Reperfusion in mice. Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice, 4(2): 164-170.