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Open Access Article
1 - A Version Numbering Scheme for Informational Objects Used in VM Live Migration
Majid Tajamolian Mohammad Ghasemzadeh -
Open Access Article
2 - Proposing a model on the role of Transactive Memory Systems, Learning, and Human Resource Development in Entrepreneurship
Mohsen Nezhad Mohammad NameghiThe purpose of this article is to propose a conceptual model about the role of Transactive Memory Systems (TMS), Learning, and Human Resource Development (HRD) in Entrepreneurship. This paper is a conceptual article and used one of the four kinds of conceptual papers wi MoreThe purpose of this article is to propose a conceptual model about the role of Transactive Memory Systems (TMS), Learning, and Human Resource Development (HRD) in Entrepreneurship. This paper is a conceptual article and used one of the four kinds of conceptual papers with the name of "Model". The overall style of the "Model" type of conceptual paper is deductive reasoning (Jaakkola, 2020), and this paper is used this approach. The finding of this paper is a conceptual model about the relationship between TMS, Learning, and HRD with Entrepreneurship. This paper proposes that based on the definition of entrepreneurship, knowledge and as a consequence educating and learning have fundamental roles in entrepreneurship. In this regard, TMS as a theory that enables the understanding of the structure and the process of knowledge sharing and their measurement can have a significant role in the above learning matter. Finally, HRD as a wide field of study can enable the correct approach toward the development of human resources (individuals) as one of the main components of entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Urban space and cinema; The effect of warscape representation on the promotion of collective memories (Case study: standing in the dust, on the third day)
Hadis Loghmani Ayda Bagheri BeheshtiEvents such as war due to the ideals of a land, can be the formation and background of the memory of a city or country. In order to continue and transmit these memories, we must pay attention to the emphasis on the representation of urban spaces and identities that affe MoreEvents such as war due to the ideals of a land, can be the formation and background of the memory of a city or country. In order to continue and transmit these memories, we must pay attention to the emphasis on the representation of urban spaces and identities that affect people and their mentality. In order to revive the spaces and emphasize the history of a city, events and especially events such as war, films play a planning role. In this regard, the present researcher has examined two films, "The Third Day", which narrates the resistance in the western regions of Khorramshahr in 1980, and "Standing in the Dust", which begins from the moment. The purpose of this study is to influence the elements and features of urban spaces in promoting war memories by movies. What a representation of the wartime period for the consolidation and continuity of urban spaces is reminiscent of a war event. Accordingly, first by using documentary studies and important libraries of urban spaces and cinema and communication with each other in the form of urban symbol, personality, urban functions, values, rituals, the voice of the city and nature. And was expressed based on important criteria and elements to revive memory in each field. Then, the amount of portrayal in the two films "Third Day" and "Standing in the Dust" was examined and according to the results obtained from the encounters with the representation of war, according to the ideology of directing has shown. Studies show that most of the urban spaces used in "Standing in the Dust" focused on urban performance with a duration of 1642, the film time and the highest in "Third Day". The time of the display of wartime spaces is related to the symbol of the city, such as the search to display the symbolic meanings of trenches, enemy tanks and martyrs in inducing the concept of war in the city, which is 677 seconds of the film. From the viewers' point of view, the symbol of the city in "The Third Day" is one of the most important in the inductions of the war, while the film "Standing in the Dust" refers more to the quality that has the natural characteristics of war and the performance of the city. Considering the comparison between the qualities expressed and the author in the movie In the Dust, it is important to pay attention to urban performances, which is also very effective in the eyes of the viewers of this movie, and in the third day movie, the symbol of the city is considered by the director. And the author is considered and is considered as an important symbol of the city by the viewers of this film. Interviews and hockey reviews of urban performance and war landscape symbols in the sequence of war genre films have a significant impact and based on this, map solutions to provide urban views from an urban planning perspective in these cases have been presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Investigating the relationship between eating habits and memory status and anthropometric indices among students
Golnaz Majdizadeh Mahnaz Sazvar Zahra Vafaei Mastanabady Zahra Zare Dehabadi Malikeh Mohajerani Shima Aligoli Fereydoun Siassi Ariyo Movahedi -
Open Access Article
5 - Long memory in four main cryptocurrencies
gholamreza zomorodian Babak MahboubiIn recent years a new type of tradable assets appeared, generically known as cryptocurrencies. Some of them are widespread and global. This paper examines the volatility of cryptocurrencies, with particular attention to their potential long memory properties. Three diff MoreIn recent years a new type of tradable assets appeared, generically known as cryptocurrencies. Some of them are widespread and global. This paper examines the volatility of cryptocurrencies, with particular attention to their potential long memory properties. Three different long-memory methods (R/S analysis, fractional integration and fractional GARCH extensions) are used to analyze it in the case of the four main cryptocurrencies (BitCoin, Ethereum, LiteCoin and Ripple) over the sample period January 2013– November 2019. Our results are twofold. First, R/S method is prone to detect long memory whereas the findings of ARFIMA and GARCH type models indicate that in the case of two examined cryptocurrencies (BitCoin and Ethereum), long memory exist (there is a positive correlation between its past and future values). Such predictability represents evidence of market inefficiency in their markets: trend trading strategies can be used to generate abnormal profits in these markets. Although our findings show that returns of Litecoin and Ripple don’t have a significant long memory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Long-Term Memory and level shifts: Application of the modified GPH test in Tehran Stock Exchange
mansoor kashi Mohammad Donyaei Roholah AhmadiAlways one of the concerns of researchers in the study of time series, the long-termmemory and whether the observed long memory series is affected by level shifts or not?To avoid spurious long memory that may be caused by levels shifts, different methodshave been tested MoreAlways one of the concerns of researchers in the study of time series, the long-termmemory and whether the observed long memory series is affected by level shifts or not?To avoid spurious long memory that may be caused by levels shifts, different methodshave been tested. In the present article, we will review it for return and volatility (Are twoapproaches: First approach: GARCH and ARMA-GARCH-filtered series. Secondapproach: GARCH-filtered-squared series and squared returns) based on modified GPHof smith (2005). The results indicate that long memory in return series TEPIX is acceptedby the GPH but modified GPH test (Bandwidth choice for classic GPH and modifiedGPH are based on Plug-in and1/ 2 J T ) leads to the rejection of the existence of longmemory. Then, using the first approach, the presence of long memory is demonstrated bythe GPH. But modified GPH denies its existence, which reflects the impact of level shiftsto long-term memory. The second approach about how to volatility infer the existence oflong memory is demonstrated by both tests. It followed that the predictability of themarket as possible and Weak form efficiency would violate the Tehran Stock Exchange Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Evaluating and study of the Fractal Properties of Capital Markets Based on DE trended Fluctuation Analysis (Case Study: Exchange Market and Stock Index of Tehran)
Arash Azaryoun narges yazdanian seyedalireza mirarab baygi hoda hemmatiIn this study, the long-term memory of the stock market index and exchange rate (dollar) was estimated using detrended fluctuation analysis. In order to detrend the data, the GARCH approach was proposed and the long-term memory estimation model was implemented separatel MoreIn this study, the long-term memory of the stock market index and exchange rate (dollar) was estimated using detrended fluctuation analysis. In order to detrend the data, the GARCH approach was proposed and the long-term memory estimation model was implemented separately for both conventional and GARCH methods. For this purpose, daily data of stock market index and dollar exchange rate in the market during the years 2014 to 2020 were used. The results showed that the conventional method in calculating the detrended fluctuations is not able to estimate the long-term memory of the exchange rate, while the results for the stock index showed the existence of short-term memory. The results showed that the proposed method in detrending data and calculating detrended fluctuations based on Garch model has a higher power in controlling changes in market fluctuations and according to the findings of this method, stock index and dollar exchange rate have long-term memory. The results showed that these two methods provide significantly different estimates of long-term memory of the market and according to the results of the correlation test between the values of long-term memory of data and the value of parameter q in detrended fluctuation analysis; it was observed that the stock market index and exchange rate in Iran have multifractal properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Detection of stock price crash using memory-based graph theory
S. Javad Habibzadeh Baygi Roya Darabi Fatemeh Sarraf Yadollah NorifardThe stock price crash is associated with profitability as the most important goal of investing. The effective role of stock price crash in reducing the capital of investors is of great importance for identifying and detection an abnormal trend in stock returns and stock MoreThe stock price crash is associated with profitability as the most important goal of investing. The effective role of stock price crash in reducing the capital of investors is of great importance for identifying and detection an abnormal trend in stock returns and stock price crash. The purpose of this study is to detect abnormal returns and ultimately the crash of stock price. For this purpose, the monthly returns of 400 companies admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of July 1992 to April 2018 were investigated. Also, memory-based graph theory is used as a way to detect changes in the corporate returns. This algorithm approaches the problem from a graph-theoretic perspective. The results of this study have shown that memory-based graph theory leads to identifying abnormal changes in the corporate returns. However, this method has not been able to identify and detect all the points associated with crash of stock price. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Forecasting value-at-risk and expected shortfall using high frequency data modeling
S. Babak Ebrahimi Negin MohebbiThe present study compares the performance of the long memory FIGARCH model, with that of the short memory GARCH specification, in the forecasting of multi-period value-at-risk and expected shortfall across 3 industry indices in Tehran Stock Exchange such as chemical, v MoreThe present study compares the performance of the long memory FIGARCH model, with that of the short memory GARCH specification, in the forecasting of multi-period value-at-risk and expected shortfall across 3 industry indices in Tehran Stock Exchange such as chemical, vehicle and metals. The dataset is composed of daily data covering the period from May, 2011 to May, 2015. According to the result of this research accounting for fractional integration in the conditional variance model does not appear to improve the accuracy of the VaR forecasts for the 1-day-ahead, 10-day-ahead and 20-day-ahead forecasting horizons relative to the short memory GARCH specification. Furthermore, the GARCH model has a lower quadratic loss between actual returns and ES forecasts, for the majority of the indices considered in 1-day, 10-day and 20-day forecasting horizons. Therefore, a long memory volatility model compared to a short memory GARCH model does not appear to improve the VaR and ES forecasting accuracy, even for longer forecasting horizons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Long memory investigation and application of wavelet decomposition to improve the performance of stock market volatility forecasting
شمس اله شیرین بخش اسماعیل نادری نادیا گندلی علیخانیBecause of very large frequency and volatility in Financial markets Indicators, acertain type of non stationary is created that it refers to the fraction non stationary. Thiscauses, provides Long memory in this type of time series. Hence, this study has inaddition to ex MoreBecause of very large frequency and volatility in Financial markets Indicators, acertain type of non stationary is created that it refers to the fraction non stationary. Thiscauses, provides Long memory in this type of time series. Hence, this study has inaddition to examine the existence of the long memory in both mean and varianceequations in the return series of Tehran stock exchange, Pays to forecasting the volatilityof this index. For this purpose, the daily data from fifth Farvardin 1388 to eighteenthOrdibehesht 1391 is used. Our results confirm the existence of Long Memory in bothmean and variance equations. However, among others, based on the information criteriaand MSE, ARFIMA (1,2)-FIGARCH(BBM) model has been selected as the bestspecification to model and forecast the volatility of Tehran stock exchange’s return. Aswell, in order to Forecasting the volatility of this series, was used Combination of theabove model with Level and decomposed data. The results show that, according to theforecasting error criteria (MSE and RMSE), the result of model’s based on decomposeddata (with wavelet technique), more acceptable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - New approach for estimation of long memory parameters in financial time series
سید محمد سیدحسینی مسعود باباخانی سید محمد هاشمی نژاد سید بابک ابراهیمیWhen past observations have a high correlation with future and it cannot be ignored,studied time series has long memory. Examining of existing of long memory in timeseries has a lot of application in finance and lots of ways have been created to examine itbut they have MoreWhen past observations have a high correlation with future and it cannot be ignored,studied time series has long memory. Examining of existing of long memory in timeseries has a lot of application in finance and lots of ways have been created to examine itbut they have lots of mistakes. Bootstrap Approach has been used in this paper for give usa good proxy of sampling distribution in order to estimate of memory parameters. Thisapproach has less limitation than others and can deal with most of difficult problem. Inthis research we use the data of price index of Tehran Stock Exchange for duration ofDecember of 2006 till June of 2010 for estimating parameter of long memory, finally theresults show the estimation of parameter of long memory has improved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Modeling of long-term memory and regime changes in Tehran Stock Exchange stock returns and asymmetric effects of oil market shocks on it
Mojtaba Almasi Ali Falahati Shahram Fattahi Alireza RostamiIn this research, by presenting a completely new model at the national and international levels, a practical framework for accurately determining the shocks of foreign markets on stock returns has been provided; so that, using monthly data from 1998 to 2017 and the Mark MoreIn this research, by presenting a completely new model at the national and international levels, a practical framework for accurately determining the shocks of foreign markets on stock returns has been provided; so that, using monthly data from 1998 to 2017 and the Markov Switching Fractionally Integrated Threshold GARCH (MS-FITGARCH) model attempts to investigate the oil price shocks on stock market returns and the comprehensive modeling of Heteroscedasticity characteristics, leverage effect, Volatility clustering, and long-term memory in the framework of various recession and expansion regimes of the stock market returns. In addition, the Dynamic Conditional Correlation-Fractionally Integrated Threshold GARCH (DCC-FITGARCH) model has been used to investigate the relationship between oil market and stock market fluctuations. The results of this study indicate the significance of the model's coefficients and the necessity of using the model introduced in the research to model the fluctuations of Tehran Stock Exchange. Based on the results, the regime one capture the recession conditions and the regime two capture the expansion conditions of Tehran Stock Exchange. The results of the MS-FITGARCH model indicate a significant positive effect of oil price shocks on the stock return average in the expansion regimes, so that the effects in the recession regime are not significant. Also, the results of the DCC-FITGARCH model are in line with the first model and represent a more positive conditional correlation between the fluctuations of the stock market and the oil market during the expansion economic periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Historical Memory, Ethnic Identity and Globalization: an Intergenerational Study in Sanandaj
Gholamabbas Tavasoli Jamal Adhami -
Open Access Article
14 - The Neural Correlates of Jungian Collective Unconscious
اسماعیل دهقانThis paper tries to study the question of whether the notion ofcollective unconscious as developed by Jung has any neural correlates.Also, the notion will be pinned down with respect to the realm ofcognitive science as well as the interpretation of modern cognitivepsych MoreThis paper tries to study the question of whether the notion ofcollective unconscious as developed by Jung has any neural correlates.Also, the notion will be pinned down with respect to the realm ofcognitive science as well as the interpretation of modern cognitivepsychologists. For example, it will be shown that unconscious humanemotions somehow are related to the long term memory which hasgenetic base in psychology and is based on the changes in genotypestructure. With reference to the ideas projected by people such asRoederer, Panksepp, and McLennan, it will be clarified that why innatural dreams and imaginations, there are always fixed backgrounds,called archetypes by Jung. The claim, then, is that archetypes have todo with brain structure, neurons, and genetics of the brain structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Problem analysis and presentation of strategies to improve the cultural identity of the youth of Ilam city
Taher Solimani alireza samet abasali ghaiyoomiThis study discussed the Design and delivery a model of Policy Making for enhancement of cultural identity of youths in Eilam. This research was an applied study of the purpose and methodologically as mixed methods. After analyzing the data, 27 components of 621 concept MoreThis study discussed the Design and delivery a model of Policy Making for enhancement of cultural identity of youths in Eilam. This research was an applied study of the purpose and methodologically as mixed methods. After analyzing the data, 27 components of 621 concept codes were obtained and then classified at six dimensions including, cultural identity, religiously, cultural Geography, language, cultural memory, clothing. In the second study, the sample size was estimated as 380 people based on Cochran formula and after data collection, the statistical analysis of survey data was performed in two descriptive levels using statistical parameters (such as frequency, percentage, elongation , mean) and inferential statistics (Levin test, t-test), confirmatory factor analysis using Spss 22 , Lisrel8.54 and Excel. Significant coefficients and parameters of factors, home business, culture making of women job involvement, job culture enhancement, neighborhood identity enhancement , Neighborhood oriented approach in urban Management ,empowerment of women.showed that all of the coefficients obtained are significant. The results of principal component analysis showed that among the dimensions of the enhancement of cultural identity of youths in Eilam, the cultural identity has the greatest impact (0/92).and the cultural Geography has the latest impact in the enhancement of cultural identity of youths in Eilam (0/69). And the respondents are not satisfied with all other components of questions and they express negative opinions and all components in the Cultural model for Policy Making for enhancement of cultural identity of youths in Eilam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Modeling and Forecasting Air Pollution of Tehran Application of Autoregressive Model with Long Memory Properties
reza akhbari Hamid AmadehBackground and Objective: Environmental pollution modeling is one of the essential requirements in the field of air quality monitoring which with using the output of the model, improvement of future situation can be possible. The existing literature of the modeling of e MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental pollution modeling is one of the essential requirements in the field of air quality monitoring which with using the output of the model, improvement of future situation can be possible. The existing literature of the modeling of environmental pollution –especially air pollutants- could be divided to two whole categories. First, those researches that in addition of pollutants data, they used some factors such as temperature, wind direction, wind speed and humidity. The second one –which this study belong to- with using time series regression models and by usage of the existing data about each pollutant, the future situation was forecasted. Method: In this study, we forecast future pollutants (CO,PM10,NO2,SO2,O3,PM2.5) status with ARIMA, ARFIMA and ARIMA-GARCH models with Box-Jenkins approach, then the best model is determined with MSE, RMSE, MAE and MAPE. Findings: Results indicate that the assumption of existence of long-memory is acceptable but the hypothesis that always ARFIMA models prepare the best forecast is rejected. Discussion and Conclusion: This study proves the application of econometric models to predict the pollutants state. Based on the high social costs of pollutant emissions, it is recommended that using these models, identify the pollutants affecting the future of the city and reduce the level of their dissemination of efficiency plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - A comparative study between the effectiveness of ARIMA and ARFIMA models in predicting the interest rate and the treasury exchange rate in Iran
mohadeseh razaghi hashem nikomaram Alireza Heidarzadeh Hanzaei farhad ghaffari Mahdi Madanchi ZajDue to the importance of predicting economic variables, different models have been created to predict the future values of variables. In fact, economic models can be tested by checking the level of forecasting accuracy. The main purpose of this study is prediction of Ir MoreDue to the importance of predicting economic variables, different models have been created to predict the future values of variables. In fact, economic models can be tested by checking the level of forecasting accuracy. The main purpose of this study is prediction of Iran interbank offered rate and Iran treasury exchange rate as interest rates indicators for facilitating interest rate risk management. Two econometric models including ARFIMA and ARIMA have been used for forecasting. Thus, the ARFIMA model considering long-term memory and the ARIMA model without considering long-term memory have been considered. The evaluation of the prediction accuracy of the two models using the monthly Iran interbank offered rates data and also the monthly Iran treasury exchange rates data shows that both the interbank offered rates data and the Islamic treasury bond rates data, ARIMA model has a better performance compared to ARFIMA model in predicting data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Constant Conditional Correlation Volatility Transmission Model with Long Memory Effect, evidence from Tehran and Dubai Stock Market
Seyed Mohammad Seyedhosseini Seyed Babak Ebrahimi Masoud BabakhaniThe expansion of Globalization not only affects developed countries’ financial markets, but also the markets in developing countries. This condition causes investors who diversify their asset portfolio in foreign markets, pay serious attention to links between sto MoreThe expansion of Globalization not only affects developed countries’ financial markets, but also the markets in developing countries. This condition causes investors who diversify their asset portfolio in foreign markets, pay serious attention to links between stock markets. This fact implies that there is an equilibrium relation between financial markets.Global oil price fluctuation is one of the factors that affect the capital markets in countries where the economy is based on oil revenues. Most of these markets have long-run memory characteristic which should be considered in modeling and estimation. In this research the Constant Conditional Correlation (CCC) model is expanded in the way to imply long-term memory effect in the estimation. The data which is used is daily return of stock price and oil price in the period December 2006 to January 2010. The results indicate volatility contagion from global oil market to Dubai stock and Tehran stock market and also there is contagion effect between Dubai and Tehran stock market Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Effect of long memory dependence structure between the dollar exchange rate and oil products in the Tehran stock Exchange Index: A copula based approach
Mahdi Salehi Samaneh Zamani Moghadam Sadegh NekooeiDuring the last decade crucial part of the analyzing the time series has devoted to the long memory. Existence of long memory in output of possession has significant application for investing in efficiency of market, Pricing the differential paper, and selecting the pos MoreDuring the last decade crucial part of the analyzing the time series has devoted to the long memory. Existence of long memory in output of possession has significant application for investing in efficiency of market, Pricing the differential paper, and selecting the possessions basket. In our research the effect of long memory dependence structure between the dollar exchange rate and oil products in the Tehran stock exchange index. First the existence of long memory ARFIMA test review and continue to understand the impact of long memory on the dependence structure of two types, raw data and filtered data (Dollar exchange rate variability data and index Petroleum for the period from 2009-2013) have been used. The result showed that the raw data has a long memory, than the tail dependent data are filtered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Modeling volatility and conditional VaR measure using GARCH models and theoretical EVT in Tehran Stock Exchange
Saeed Fallahpoor Reza Raee Saeed Mirzamohammadi seyed mohammad hasheminejadTrying to identify an appropriate model to enhance measurement accuracy by using value at risk measures is of particular importance. Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) with having some of the shortcomings of VaR, is a more reliable measure. In this study, the characterist MoreTrying to identify an appropriate model to enhance measurement accuracy by using value at risk measures is of particular importance. Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) with having some of the shortcomings of VaR, is a more reliable measure. In this study, the characteristics of the Tehran Stock Exchange index data usage FIGARCH-EVT model to calculate value at risk if states have been more accurate. GARCH-EVT hybrid implementation model and its development, FIGARCH-EVT model, we found that the effect of clustering, dynamic and long-term memory has been included in the modeling. FIGARCH model for log data output index, which will be modeled in terms of the above properties. In addition, the wide trail property index return data using extreme value theory (EVT) is used for residual FIGARCH model. To compare the results, NORMAL-GARCH models and t-Student-GARCH, historical simulation and GARCH-EVT indicator is used for data output. The results of the model using retrospective tests were evaluated. The results of this study indicate that the data distribution is skewed and asymmetrical index returns do not follow a normal distribution. The tests Standardized Exceedance Residuals and The Cumulative Violation Process and Expected shortfall backtesting and loss function Lopez FIGARCH-EVT model over other models is more accurate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Modelling of capital market returns fluctuations for Tehran Price Index Return: MRS-FI-TGARCH and FI-TGARCH models
Hajar Moradian Ali Haghighat Hashem Zare Mehrzad EbrahimiThe aim of this paper is to expand flexibility of modeling in capital market fluctuations. We achieve the goal by introducing MRS-FITGARCH model for the first time in the world. We use weekly TEPIX changes from 2009 to 2017. The parameters could change through the regim MoreThe aim of this paper is to expand flexibility of modeling in capital market fluctuations. We achieve the goal by introducing MRS-FITGARCH model for the first time in the world. We use weekly TEPIX changes from 2009 to 2017. The parameters could change through the regimes. Results show that there are two regimes; regime one with high return mean and high return variance and regime two with low return mean and low return variance. Adding asymmetric effects and long memory potential prediction, are the novation of our new model. Valued Negative asymmetric effects coefficient results that bad news effects on the fluctuations were less than good news. It was not to be valued in regime tow and it means, good news and bad news has the symmetric effects in this regime. In regime one, there is unlimited long memory coefficient but in regime two fluctuations effects decreases in hyperbolic rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Adaptive Steffensen-like Methods with Memory for Solving Nonlinear Equations with the Highest Possible Efficiency Indices
M‎. ‎J‎. Lalehchini T. Lotfi K. Mahdiani -
Open Access Article
23 - On an Efficient Family with Memory with High Order of Convergence for Solving Nonlinear Equations
V. Torkashvand M. Kazemi -
Open Access Article
24 - بهبودهایی از روش کوردرو- تروخروزا برای حل معادلات غیرخطی
مریم محمدی زاده طاهر لطفی مجید امیرفخریاندر این مقاله، دو روش تطبیقی با حافظه بر اساس روش کوردرو- تروخروزا بهبود یافته است. تکنیک روش تطبیقی شاخص کارایی را تا حد ممکن افزایش میدهد. روش­های جدید بدون مشتق ارائه شده دارای مرتبه همگرایی 7/99315 و 7/46315 هستند و از اطلاعات دو تکرار گذشته اس Moreدر این مقاله، دو روش تطبیقی با حافظه بر اساس روش کوردرو- تروخروزا بهبود یافته است. تکنیک روش تطبیقی شاخص کارایی را تا حد ممکن افزایش میدهد. روش­های جدید بدون مشتق ارائه شده دارای مرتبه همگرایی 7/99315 و 7/46315 هستند و از اطلاعات دو تکرار گذشته استفاده می کنند. در نهایت، تجزیه و تحلیل همگرایی و مثال­های عددی را ارائه می­دهیم تا کارایی و کاربرد روش­های پیشنهادی را نشان دهیم. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - A new iterative with memory class for solving nonlinear equations
P. ‎Bassiri‎ P. Bakhtiari‎‎ S. Abbasbandy‎ -
Open Access Article
26 - Two new three and four parametric with memory methods for solving nonlinear equations
T. Lotfi P. Assari -
Open Access Article
27 - Effect of Hypericum perforatum extract on passive avoidance learning of male wistar rats
پروین اسدی کامبیز روشنایی حمیدرضا مهاجرانیAgeing could been resulted to increase of oxidative stress that could lead to damage of brain processes including cognitive functions. Since Hypericum extract have increasing effect on brain cognitive functions e.g. learning and memory , it’s effect on passive avo MoreAgeing could been resulted to increase of oxidative stress that could lead to damage of brain processes including cognitive functions. Since Hypericum extract have increasing effect on brain cognitive functions e.g. learning and memory , it’s effect on passive avoidance learning of male wistar rats were examined.Methods: 16 male wistar rats, each weighing about 250-300 g were divided into two groups, control and Hypericum extract group(animals administered with 350 mg/kg/day of Hypericum extract). All of groups had free access to water and food with no limitation. Hypericum extract was administrated orally each day for one week. The passive avoidance learning test was done in the shuttle box device following intending treatments for all groups and in similar conditions. In this test, increased time delay for the first time of entry to the dark chamber and decreased staying time in the dark chamber considered as improved passive avoidance learning The data were analyzed by SPSS software and one-way ANOVA followed by the Tuckey test.Findings: In compare to control group, passive avoidance indices were increased significantly. In other words, mean step through latency (STL) of H. perforatum group was 260 seconds and was higher than that of control group (240 seconds) significantly (p< .001). Conclusion: Our results indicated that administered Hypericum extract could increase passive avoidance learning indices in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructural and Superelastic Behavior of NiTi Alloy with 58.5 wt. % Ni
M. Paryab -
Open Access Article
29 - Review of Smart Metallic Materials Classification
H Sabet B Karbakhsh Ravari -
Open Access Article
30 - The effect of four weeks of aerobic exercise on cognitive function and expression levels of PGC1α and VEGF genes in the hippocampus of old rats
Ensieh Ahmadpour Maghsoud Peeri Mohammad Ali AzarbayjaniAging is an important risk factor for cognitive functions. On the other hand, exercise improves brain health and improves cognitive functions. However, the mechanisms of these benefits have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study was conducted with t MoreAging is an important risk factor for cognitive functions. On the other hand, exercise improves brain health and improves cognitive functions. However, the mechanisms of these benefits have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of four weeks of intermittent aerobic exercise with moderate intensity on cognitive function and the expression level of PGC1α and VEGF genes in the hippocampus of old rats. For this purpose, 20-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into 2 exercise training groups (number = 8 heads) and control (number = 8 heads). The animals of the sports group performed intermittent aerobic training with moderate intensity for 4 weeks, 5 days a week. In order to investigate learning and spatial memory, the animals were subjected to the Morris water maze test 48 hours after the last training session. Then, the animals were killed and the hippocampal tissue was extracted. Real time-PCR method was used to measure gene expression. Statistical analysis was done using independent t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient at a significant level of P£0.05. The results showed that aerobic exercise improved learning performance (P ≥ 0.05) and spatial memory (P ≥ 0.001) and the expression level of PGC1α (P ≥ 0.01) and VEGF (P ≥ 0.001) Increasing. Also, a significant positive correlation between PGC1α gene expression and VEGF gene expression in the hippocampus was observed (p≥0.001, r=0.894). In addition, there was a significant inverse relationship between VEGF gene expression and the average time spent to find the platform (p≥0.05, r=-0.578), and there was a significant positive relationship with the time spent in the quadrant of the target circle (p≥0.01, r=0.713). In general, aerobic exercise improves learning performance and spatial memory in old animals; It seems that exercise-induced upregulation of the PGC1α/VEGF signaling pathway in the brain is at least partially involved in this adaptation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Effect of very low frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic field on memory retrieval in mice
Elham Forozandeh Manochehr Satari NaeiniIn the daily life of man today, the advancement of technology and industry has exposed him to magnetic and electromagnetic fields, which are likely to have serious negative effects on human health. The aim of this laboratory study was to investigate the effect of 8 mT T MoreIn the daily life of man today, the advancement of technology and industry has exposed him to magnetic and electromagnetic fields, which are likely to have serious negative effects on human health. The aim of this laboratory study was to investigate the effect of 8 mT Tesla electromagnetic field (50 Hz) on memory retrieval (memory) in mice. For this purpose, adult male and female NMRI mice were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Passive descent avoidance method was used to test memory 24 hours after training. The results showed that 90 minutes before the reminder had a significant effect on remembering information in male mice, but was not effective in female mice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Design and Synthesis of an Embedded Processor to Sort Data Based on the Internal Memory of a Programmable Logic Array
H. Amin ZadehSorting is still one of the main challenges in processing input digital binary data. Depending on implementation of the sorter, the three main factors are speed, chip area and power consumption. When realized on a floating point gate array (FPGA), sorter acts like MoreSorting is still one of the main challenges in processing input digital binary data. Depending on implementation of the sorter, the three main factors are speed, chip area and power consumption. When realized on a floating point gate array (FPGA), sorter acts like an embedded processor beside many other processing units. For these implementations, the number of CLBs occupied by the sorter is very important. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to implement sorter on FPGA using minimum number of CLBs. Unlike previous algorithms which employ comparator to sort data, this high-power large-area unit is not needed in and most of the process can be fulfilled by the available random access memory (RAM). In addition to less number of CLBs, this approach also improves reliability. To show the effectiveness of the proposed technique, a 256 word sorter with 16 bits word length is synthesized on xilinx spartan 3 XC3S1500 based on this method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - God and his memory in Sadi’s Utopia and Nahjolbalaghe
Fereidoon TahmasbiUtopia is a part of scientists’ thoughts about an ideal life. Plato is the oldest designer of such societies. In Islamic world, Farabi is considered as a pioneer in this area who established his utopia based on Islamic and especially Shiid believes. Persian poets MoreUtopia is a part of scientists’ thoughts about an ideal life. Plato is the oldest designer of such societies. In Islamic world, Farabi is considered as a pioneer in this area who established his utopia based on Islamic and especially Shiid believes. Persian poets have also reflected such idea in their works. For example Sadi, a seventh century poet, has founded a desirable society in his work, Boostan, which is indeed a monotheistic society. He discussed an exalted, generous, helpful and forgiving God which his knowledge is more than the two worlds. In this desirable world, God is the true believers’ beloved, and they are always his true believers. Sadi thinks that a human should always remember this God and never forget him even for a moment to keep always on the correct path and never get out of utopia. This idea is too much similar to Imam Ali’s idea in Nahjolbalaghe. Because Sadi’s thought are based on pure Islamic ideas which are derived from God statements, and Imam Ali has developed them in Nahjolbalaghe, which is considered as Quran’s brother. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Effect of Important Physical and Geometrical Parameters on the Dynamic Response of Thick Composite Plates with Smart Attached Mass
Ali Pourmoayed keramat Malekzadeh Fard naser zolghadr -
Open Access Article
35 - Behavior of Lightweight Smart Sandwich Panels Subjected to Tensile and Bending Loads- An Experimental Study
sameera Khalili s. Mohammad Khalili Reza Eslami Farsani Puneet Mahajan -
Open Access Article
36 - Nd:YAG laser processing of thick NiTi wires to locally alter transformation properties towards achieving multiple memory shape memory alloys
Amin Alipour Mahmoud Kadkhodaei Ehsan ForoozmehrEvery commercial NiTi (Nitinol) Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) has its own transformation temperatures, which may cause limitations in ever-growing demands for the application of these alloys in novel engineering design. Among various methods proposed to achieve multiple func MoreEvery commercial NiTi (Nitinol) Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) has its own transformation temperatures, which may cause limitations in ever-growing demands for the application of these alloys in novel engineering design. Among various methods proposed to achieve multiple functional characteristics, laser processing offers effective solutions in locally controlling the transformation properties of NiTi parts. The current work describes the application of laser technique followed by post processing to locally alter transformation temperatures and impose phase transition for thick NiTi wires. To this end, various laser parameters are applied, and the influences of peak power and pulse width on the functional, microstructural and mechanical properties of laser processed samples are studied. A four-sided laser processing protocol is proposed to process almost the whole cross section of thick Nitinol wires. It is also shown that post-processing heat treatment is required to recover the shape memory properties of as-processed Nitinol specimen. The transformation temperatures of final processed Nitinol wire increase by about 50 °C compared to those of the unprocessed base material. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Preliminary Construction and Validation of Cognitive Brain Function Assessment Test Emphasizing on Age among university students
فریده حمیدیThe aim of this research was to construct and validate a new cognitive brain function assessment test with an emphasize on the age of student. The research type was test construction and validation. the population in this study was all human sciences and math students MoreThe aim of this research was to construct and validate a new cognitive brain function assessment test with an emphasize on the age of student. The research type was test construction and validation. the population in this study was all human sciences and math students studying in undergraduate and postgraduate levels of Shahid Rajaee Teachers Training University in 2011-2012. The sample consisted of 100 university student whose ages ranged between 20 to 36 (50male and 50 female). Which were selected by cluster sampling. The research tools were the veseaoher made Cognitive Brain Function Assessment. Test and the PASAT(Sampson,1956). To achieve the factor structure model validity, varimax rotation and t- test for independent groups were applied. Results showed high correlation between variables and also six factors as the clusters were identified: 1)Target identification accuracy, 2) Location error,3)Two seconds right error,4) Three seconds right error,5)Three seconds left error and 6) Two seconds left error. Also, the results of t- test for independent groups showed that merely in the target identification accuracy, the differences between meaningful differences concerning age exist among the university students(p < 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Effect of Induced Stress on the Number of Mistakes in Visual Working Memory for Emotional & None Emotional Stimuli
Zahra Khayyer Vahid Nejati Jalil FathabadiThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of induced stress on the number of students’ visual working memory mistakes for emotional & none motional stimuli. This experimental study used a post-test with control group design. 60 students were selected through a MoreThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of induced stress on the number of students’ visual working memory mistakes for emotional & none motional stimuli. This experimental study used a post-test with control group design. 60 students were selected through available sampling and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Through Socially Evaluated Cold-Pressor Test, stress was induced and perceived stress was measured by using a scale consisted of 100 points and then the level of Physiological signs of participants were checked. Afterward, an n-back task (Kirchner, 1958) was used to evaluate the visual working memory. Finally, the participants’ mental attempts were evaluated by another scale (Zijlstra, 1993). Each participant, through a between groups design, completed different stages of the study. Mixed-model ANOVA and Paired t-test were used to analyze the data. According to the results, the number of omission errors in emotional stimuli were significantly more than none emotional stimuli, in which negative stimuli (P=0.01) were wrongly selected more than positive ones significantly (P=0.001). Also, males (M=10) made more omission mistakes than females (M=9.23). It seems that the function of visual working memory under stress is not as normal condition, especially for negative stimuli. Generally, by impairing the function of visual working memory, stress increases the rate of mistakes in remembering the presented stimulus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - The Effect of Advertisement on Price Sensitivity Considering Customer Mental Model as Mediating Variable
Hamidreza Oreyzi Narges sadat MortazaviTwo divergent theoretical viewpoints exist about the contradictory economic effects of advertising namely “market power” and “economics of information” view points. The aim of the present research was to determine if these perspectives on advertising could be a separa MoreTwo divergent theoretical viewpoints exist about the contradictory economic effects of advertising namely “market power” and “economics of information” view points. The aim of the present research was to determine if these perspectives on advertising could be a separate part of generalized theoretical framework by two different types of information provided. The research method was experimental. The research population consisted of the Faculty of Education and Psychology students in University of Isfahan. Statistical sample of the research were 128 graduate and postgraduate students in the faculty who were assigned to low and high advertisement frequency groups randomly. In this research, advertising and price sensitivity were independent and dependent variables respectively, while mediating variables were consideration set size and relative strength of preference. Two distinct forms of ads memory (explicit and implicit) were constructed plus a researcher made questionnaires for relative strength of preference. Price sensitivity was measured subjectively by a direct question from the participants about how much they pay. Advertisements were made for fictitious candy, chocolate, biscuits and nonalcoholic drinks. Low frequency advertising exposure was 1-3 and high frequency was 4-6 were. based on the Findings, the first, second and third hypotheses were confirmed and relative strength of preference and consideration set size were mediating and moderating variables between advertising and price sensitivity (P < 0.01). Price sensitivity in the first route (the route of consideration set size) decreased and in the second route (the route of relative strength of preference) increased (P < 0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Comparison of executive functions based on test anxiety in the fifth grade elementary
ستاره فیروزی صغری ابراهیمی قوام فریبرز درتاجThe purpose of this research was to compare the executive functions (reasoning, working memory and organizing-planning) of the fifth grade elementary students with high and low test anxiety. Method of research was ex-post facto and the statistical population was the fif MoreThe purpose of this research was to compare the executive functions (reasoning, working memory and organizing-planning) of the fifth grade elementary students with high and low test anxiety. Method of research was ex-post facto and the statistical population was the fifth grade elementary students in Tehran city, among them 313 students were selected via cluster random sampling. The research instruments were Andre-Rey Test (Andre-Rey, 1942), Digit Span and Similarities Subtests of Wechsler intelligence scale (Wechsler, 1949) and Test Anxiety Inventory (Abolghasemi et al, 1375). Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and Mann Whitney test. The results indicated significant difference between students with high and low test anxiety in reasoning and working memory (P < 0/001). But there was no significant difference between students with high and low test anxiety in organizing-planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The effectiveness of working memory strategies training on improvement of reading performance in dyslexic students
Tahere Rahimipour Firoozeh Ghazanfari Ezatollah GhadampourThe goal of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of working memory strategies training on improvement of reading performance in dyslexic students. In this quasi-experimental study, a pre-test, post-test, with control group design was applied. The statistical p MoreThe goal of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of working memory strategies training on improvement of reading performance in dyslexic students. In this quasi-experimental study, a pre-test, post-test, with control group design was applied. The statistical population included all the elementary students with dyslexia who referred to Kerman learning disability centers in 2015-2016 academic year. Among these students,30 students were selected through multistage random method and were randomly allocated in in one experimental and one control group (each 15 students). The assessment tools included Reading & dyslexia test of Kormi Noori & Moradi(2005) & Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Shahim,2008).Working memory strategies training were performed during14 sessions on the experimental group. The obtained data were analyzed statistically by using of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that training of working memory strategies improved reading performance of dyslexic students (p=0.001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The effect of working memory and metacognition training on academic function of female students with mathematics learning disabilities
نغمه خدامی احمد عابدی سید حمید آتش پورThis study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effect of instruction of working memory and instruction of metacognition on academic performance among female students with mathematics learning disabilities. The research was experimental and the statistical popula MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the effect of instruction of working memory and instruction of metacognition on academic performance among female students with mathematics learning disabilities. The research was experimental and the statistical population included third grade female students with learning mathematics disabilities, among them 30 students were selected via cluster multistage random sampling and then divided into experimental groups (instruction of working memory and metacognition) and control group in a random way. The assessment tools included Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Shahim, 1364), Iran Keymath Test (Mohammad Esmaeil & Human, 1381) and Mathematics Academic Performance Test (Farahani, 1386). The data were analyzed through covariance analysis. The results showed that working memory instruction and metacognitive instruction are effective on the mathematics academic performance of the students with mathematics learning disabilities (P 0/05). The effect of working memory Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Investigating Construct Validity of Emotional Working Memory via the Cognitive–Emotional-Social Working Memory Training Package in 5th Grade Female Elementary School Students in Tehran
mozhgan hassani mohammad ali nadi ilnaz sajjadianThis study aimed to investigate construct validity of emotional working memory via the cognitive–emotional-social working memory training package in 5th grade female elementary school students in Tehran. The research employed a pretest-posttest and follow-up semi- MoreThis study aimed to investigate construct validity of emotional working memory via the cognitive–emotional-social working memory training package in 5th grade female elementary school students in Tehran. The research employed a pretest-posttest and follow-up semi-experimental research design with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all 5th grade female students of Tehran during the academic year 2015-2016. Those students with working memory impairment were selected via multi-stage cluster random sampling using the Wechsler Software Working Memory Scale. Then, from among them, 40 students were randomly selected and divided into two 20-participant experimental and control groups. The cognitive-emotional-social working memory training was performed in 20 sessions for the experimental group. Before and after the intervention and two months later (follow up), participants answered to the Wechsler Software Working Memory Scale (Khodadadi, Mashhadi and Amani, 2009) and emotional working memory (Ladouceur, Silk, Dahl, Ostapenko, Kronhaus, & Phillips, 2009). The research data were analyzed using ANCOVA. According to the results of the study, the cognitive-emotional-social working memory training significantly improved the attention performance and emotional working memory (P > 0.01). As a result, emotional working memory enjoys acceptable construct validity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The effectiveness of working memory strategies training on motivation achievement and reading performance of dyslexic students in elementary schools
Tahere Rahimipour Firoozeh Ghazanfari Ezatollah GhadampourThe goal of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of working memory strategies trainingon motivation achievement and reading performance of dyslexic students in elementary schools. In this quasi-experimental study, a pre-test, post-test, with control group desi MoreThe goal of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of working memory strategies trainingon motivation achievement and reading performance of dyslexic students in elementary schools. In this quasi-experimental study, a pre-test, post-test, with control group design was applied. The statistical population included all the elementary students with dyslexia who referred to Kerman learning disability centers in 2015-2016 academic year. Among these students, 30 students were selected through multistage random method and were randomly allocated in one experimental and one control group (each 15 students). The assessment tools included Reading & dyslexia test of Kormi Noori & Moradi (2005), Herman’s motivation achievement (1970) & Wechsler intelligence scale for children (Shahim, 2008). Working memory strategies trainingwas performed during14 sessions on the experimental group. The obtained data was analyzed statistically by using of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that working memory strategies trainingincreased motivation achievement and reading performance of dyslexic students (P=0.001).In result attending working memory in order to promote motivation achievement and reading performance is essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Comparison of the effect of the cognitive rehabilitation, neurofeedback and cognitive - behavioral play therapy on working memory in elementary school students with specific learning disability
amir azizi Fazlolah Mir Drikvand Mohamad Ali sepahvandiThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of cognitive rehabilitation, neurofeedback and cognitive - behavioral play therapy on working memory in elementary school students with specific learning disability. The statistical population of this quasi -experimental s MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of cognitive rehabilitation, neurofeedback and cognitive - behavioral play therapy on working memory in elementary school students with specific learning disability. The statistical population of this quasi -experimental study included all elementary students with specific learning disability in Tabri city, of whom 60 elementary school students with a learning disorder diagnosis in Tabriz Learning Center in 2016-2017 were selected through purposive method and using randomly were replaced into three experimental groups and one control group (n = 15 per group). In all four groups of N-Back as pretest and post-test completion. 20 sessions of cognitive rehabilitation, 20 sessions of neurofeedback and 8 sessions of cognitive - behavioral play therapy were conducted in experimental groups.The results of the covariance analysis showed that cognitive rehabilitation, neurofeedback and cognitive - behavioral play therapy on working memory in elementary students with specific learning disorder, do not affect. Also, there was no significant difference between the effect of cognitive rehabilitation, neurofeedback and cognitive - behavioral play therapy on working memory in elementary students with specific learning disorder (P<0.001). Therefore, more research is needed to make a definitive conclusion in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Impact of Dynamic Assessment on ADHD Learners’ Knowledge of L2 Vocabulary and Working Memory: A Case Study
Hadiseh Salehi Roya Khoii Ali Akbar ArjmandniaWithin the field of second language learning, the need to provide equal access to L2 education has directed modern educators’ attention to the potentials of Dynamic Assessment (DA) for students with learning disabilities. The purpose of the present single case study was MoreWithin the field of second language learning, the need to provide equal access to L2 education has directed modern educators’ attention to the potentials of Dynamic Assessment (DA) for students with learning disabilities. The purpose of the present single case study was to explore the effects of interactionist DA on ADHD L2 learners’ knowledge of vocabulary and working memory capacity. A 13-year-old female EFL learner with the combined type of ADHD voluntarily participated in this study as an elementary student. During each session, a few new vocabulary items were taught through providing mediations relying on a regulatory scale from the most implicit to the most explicit emerging from the interactions between the mediator and the learner. The microgenetic analysis of DA protocols led to the development of an inventory of mediations consisting of different forms of implicit and explicit prompts. The results of the study demonstrated that DA could contribute to the learner’s vocabulary knowledge with a number of fluctuations in some DA sessions, while it did not improve her working memory capacity. The findings of this study provide further insight into teachers’ perception of how ADHD learners can learn an L2 and, at the same time, call for policy makers’ and materials developers’ greater attention to the progressive mediations required to help ADHD learners develop a higher level of self-regulation functioning through dialogic and social interactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - In Memory of Professor Farzad Sharifian (1964-2020): A Selected Bibliography
Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Azizeh Chalak -
Open Access Article
48 - What is all this fuss about teaching models?
masoud asadi asghar shiralipur mohammad reza behrangiThe purpose of present research was to investigate the differences in education, nurturing and storage time of the memory contents in the two methods of traditional teaching and combined model.The research procedure was quasi-experimental design. The studied community w MoreThe purpose of present research was to investigate the differences in education, nurturing and storage time of the memory contents in the two methods of traditional teaching and combined model.The research procedure was quasi-experimental design. The studied community was included all male students in Marand city. All of them were the 5th grade students who were enrolled in the 2009-2010 academic year. The sample group was consisted of 36 male students that were selected via disposal sampling and allocated into experimental and control groups. Measurement tools was the researcher-made questionnaire. Result analysis of covariance and effect size revealed that there was no significant difference between the traditional teaching and combination models in terms of education, but there was a significant difference between traditional teaching and combination models in terms of nurturing and storage time of the memory contents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - A Review on Examination Methods of Types of Working Memory and Cerebral Cortex in EEG Signals
Mehran Emadi Mohsen Karimi Fatemeh Davoudi -
Open Access Article
50 - Investigating the effect of Eclipta prostrata hydroalcoholic extract on motor activity, avoidance memory and oxidative stress in an animal model of Parkinson's disease in adult male rats
shahrbano alamirostami Maryam RafieiradBackground and Aims: Parkinson's disease is associated with motor and cognitive disorders, so we investigated the administration of Eclipta prostrata hydroalcoholic extract on learning, memory, motor activity and oxidative stress in Parkinson's model.Materials and metho MoreBackground and Aims: Parkinson's disease is associated with motor and cognitive disorders, so we investigated the administration of Eclipta prostrata hydroalcoholic extract on learning, memory, motor activity and oxidative stress in Parkinson's model.Materials and methods: 50 adult Wistar rats were divided into five groups: control group, parkinsonian group and three groups treated with eucalyptus perstrata extract in three different concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Induction of Parkinson's model was done by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). One day after the last gavage, motor tests were done. The shuttle box test was used to evaluate learning and avoidance memory. Oxidative stress was evaluated by malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase and thiol content.Results: 7 days after the lesion in the MFB, after the administration of apomorphine, the rats turned 360 degrees in the right direction at a rate of more than 10 revolutions per minute. In the movement tests of the parkinsonian group, maintaining balance in rotarod (p<0.001), catalepsy (p<0.001), muscle stiffness (p<0.001), stride length (p<0.001) and avoidance memory (p<0.001) showed a significant difference to the control group. Also, Eclipta prostrata extract significantly improved all kinds of movement disorders caused by Parkinson's disease, and in doses of 50, 100, and 200, it improved memory in Parkinsonian rats (p<0.001). Also, the extract significantly increased the amount of thiol (p<0.001). and glutathione peroxidase (p<0.001) and decreased MDA in hippocampus and striatum tissue (p<0.001).Conclusion: In general, we showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Eclipta prostrata administered in the animal model of Parkinson's has a favorable effect on memory, learning, motor activity and oxidative stress of the brain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The effect of the combination of black seed and honey (Dosin) on memory and learning following induction of hypothyroidism in adult male rats
Parisa Poorzal Mokhtar Mokhtari Mehrdad ShariatiBackground & Aim: Hypothyroidism causes memory and learning disorders and reduced cognitive function. This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of dosin (Negilla sativa and honey) on learning and memory in adult male rats after induction of hypothyroidis MoreBackground & Aim: Hypothyroidism causes memory and learning disorders and reduced cognitive function. This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of dosin (Negilla sativa and honey) on learning and memory in adult male rats after induction of hypothyroidism. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 60 adult male Wistar rats with an approximate weight of 225-200 g and an age of about 2.5-3 months were divided into six groups of ten. The control group (Ctl) did not receive any drug. Sham group receiving one milliliter of distilled water for 21 days, Experimental group 1 of hypothyroidism (Hypo) who received methimazole in the amount of 25 mg/kg by gavage for 10 days. Experimental group 2 receiving Dosin at the rate of 100 mg/kg for 21 days, experimental groups 3 and 4, in addition to inducing hypothyroidism, received 100 and 200 mg/kg respectively for 21 days by gavage. Memory and learning disorders in animals were evaluated by the Morris water maze test. Results: : In the Morris water maze, the time and distance traveled to reach the platform in the experimental group 1 (Hypo) was higher than the control group (Ctl) on the third and fourth days. The time and the route traveled in experimental groups 3 and 4 on the third day were significantly less than the experimental group 1. Spatial memory results showed that the average time spent in the target quadrant in experimental group 1 decreased significantly compared to the control group. Also, the average time and distance spent in the target quadrant in experimental group 3 showed a significant increase compared to experimental group 1. Conclusion: The results suggest that treatment with dossin extract may ameliorate the deleterious effects of hypothyroidism on learning and memory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Design and Construction of a Device for Integrating the Evaluation of Different Types of Memory and Learning Egocentric and Allocentric Orientation for Mice
Melika naderi mohammad reza bigdeliInroduction & Objective: For many years, behavioral research derived from neural networks has always had a special place. Because cognitive and behavioral assessment is the basis of all electrophysiological and molecular studies and should be somehow related to behavior MoreInroduction & Objective: For many years, behavioral research derived from neural networks has always had a special place. Because cognitive and behavioral assessment is the basis of all electrophysiological and molecular studies and should be somehow related to behavioral studies. The purpose of this design and construction is to simultaneously integrate and evaluate animal model behaviors in one device. Material and Methods:Studying animal models has been crucial for gaining insight about the structure and function of the nervous system. For investigating behavioral tasks, scientists need to design or choose a box containing each stimulus they want to check. The advantage of this experiment as opposed to most others is the use of different types of memory and learning in addition to Egocentric and Allocentric navigation. The experiment is a multi-path water maze wherein through each path different factors are examined. Three platforms are situated in the maze. Upon the mouse entering the two paths, one covered with mirrors the other containing a ball, moving platforms are activated and the final platform becomes accessible with a sound effect after the paths have been traversed. When the platforms are elevated, a dim light is turned on. After the mouse has stood on a platform for a few seconds the platform moves and drops the mouse back in the water. When the mouse tries to enter the secondary path, a flashing light appears to prevent it from doing so. Through the experiment, spatial cues have been placed to differentiate directions. Results: Instinctive memory and latent learning of the mouse are evaluated in the watery environment, its semantic memory through the identification of moving platforms, and procedural and associative memory through finding the link between maze sensors and conditioning on the lights. The multifunctional nature and unique complexities of the proposed experiment, will allow the researcher to evaluate the aforementioned factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - A Hybrid Method for Long-Term Demand Forecasting in the Electrical Energy Supply Chain of Basic Metal Production Industries in the Presence of Incomplete Data
Sepehr Moalem Roya M.P. Ahari Ghazanfar Shahgholian Majid Moazzami Seyed Mohammad KazemiThe economic growth of any country has a lot to do with the infrastructure of the electrical energy supply chain and the ability to access it at low cost. Increasing the resilience of the electric energy supply chain in order to be able to respond to the real time deman MoreThe economic growth of any country has a lot to do with the infrastructure of the electrical energy supply chain and the ability to access it at low cost. Increasing the resilience of the electric energy supply chain in order to be able to respond to the real time demand of high-consumption and strategic consumers is a challenge that will not be possible without considering long-term demand forecasting and integrated development planning of this chain. This paper presents a long-term demand forecasting approach in the electrical energy supply chain of Isfahan's Espidan iron stone industries. This approach is a combination of wavelet transform, long short-term memory (LSTM) network and finally integrating the results with data-mining technique based on machine learning. The company studied in this research is one of the main suppliers of raw materials in the supply chain of basic metal production industries and one of the ten energy-intensive industries in the electrical energy supply chain of Isfahan province. The only information available from this company is the daily time series signal of the historical electrical energy demand of this industry in a period of 40 months. The data in the studied time series is interrupted so that only 50% of the data has a value and the remaining 50% is zero. This lack of data and the impossibility of access to supplementary data and effective features for forecasting has reduced the density of data and the possibility of long-term demand forecasting faces more problems than continuous time series. The used statistical analysis showed that the annual and seasonal data do not follow the normal distribution and have high distortion and heterogeneity. The proposed method and its results have been compared with other available approaches. The results of 10 iterations of extreme learning machine methods show that the RELM technique with a high confidence level of 95% is more effective than other machine learning methods and has more accurate results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Study of the First Mystical Authority and its Analysis in Psychology through Statistical Method
mahnoush mani Seyyed Aliasghar mirbaghari Fard Tahereh Khoshhal shole AmiriRemembrance is the root of all mystical homes. The awakening inside or outside of the body results in feelings of sweetness and devotion during prayers and prayers, ease of hardship, repentance, craving, self-exaltation, and the attainment of higher mystical stages; mys MoreRemembrance is the root of all mystical homes. The awakening inside or outside of the body results in feelings of sweetness and devotion during prayers and prayers, ease of hardship, repentance, craving, self-exaltation, and the attainment of higher mystical stages; mystical teachings are increasingly found in personal and social affairs. Closer to God. Therefore, using mystical theories, psychological concepts can be extracted and used in the lives of individuals. These effects on the human psyche increase the quality of life and consequently create happiness, and psychologists are looking for this. The purpose of this study was to investigate memory and freedom in mystical prose texts until the seventh century, its application to psychology using cognitive, behavioral, and emotional approaches, and to examine demographic differences (age, sex, income, and tendency to mysticism) in reminiscence. And it is dead. ۱۸۰ Participants were selected by random sampling method in which three domains groups, those interested in mysticism and ordinary people responded to the Inner Awakening Questionnaire. The subjects included men and women with different incomes. The results of the questionnaire are also discussed on theoretical grounds. This descriptive-analytical research has attempted to explain its theoretical foundations in Islamic mysticism and to provide a practical basis for its application in psychology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Memory Response in Thermoelastic Plate with Three-Phase-Lag Model
S Biswas -
Open Access Article
56 - An extension of stochastic differential models by using the Grunwald-Letnikov fractional derivative
Mohammad Ali Jafari Narges Mousaviy -
Open Access Article
57 - The Role of Recasts on EFL Learning: Does the Working Memory Interfere?
Farzaneh Bahadori Mohammad Bavali Mohammad Javad Riasati Samad Mirza Suzani -
Open Access Article
58 - Unraveling the Impact of Recasts, Working Memory, and Textual Enhancements on EFL Learning: Intensive vs. Extensive Approaches
Farzaneh Bahadori Mohammad Bavali Mohammad Javad Riasati Samad Mirza Suzani -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigating Different Memory Pathways L2 Learners use: A Practical Application to the Brain Compatible Learning
Behzad Nasirpour -
Open Access Article
60 - The Effects of Resistance Training With the Consumption of Saffron Extract on Spatial Memory and Tau Accumulation in the Hippocampal Tissue of Male Alzheimer's Induced Rats
Fazel Bazyar Alireza Elmieh Tahereh Paravane Aval -
Open Access Article
61 - Does Exchange Rate Non-Linear Movements Matter for Analyzing Investment Risk? Evidence from Investing in Iran’s Petrochemical Industry
Alireza Khosrowzadeh Aboutorab Alirezaei Reza Tehrani Gholamreza Hashemzadeh Khourasgani -
Open Access Article
62 - SPS Model: a significant algorithm to reduce the time and computer memory required in geostatistical simulations
Behnam Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
63 - An experimental study on the stress memory retrieval in rocks using deformation rate analysis method
Ablodllatif Aghill Majid Nikkhah -
Open Access Article
64 - A Stock Market Prediction Model Based on Deep Learning Networks
seyyedeh mozhgan Beheshti Masalegou Mohammad-Ali Afshar-Kazemie jalal haghighat monfared Ali Rezaeian -
Open Access Article
65 - The effect of active music on memory and the attention of schizophrenia Patient
Gh. R. Pasha سعید Bakhtiyar-pour گیتی AkhavanThis research has been done to closerve the effect of Active Music on memory and attention of schizophrenia patient. In this research, 28 femaleWere chosen by random simple sampling. They also were divided in 2 groups by random simple sampling. The experimental group (1 MoreThis research has been done to closerve the effect of Active Music on memory and attention of schizophrenia patient. In this research, 28 femaleWere chosen by random simple sampling. They also were divided in 2 groups by random simple sampling. The experimental group (15 female) and The control group (13 female). The research design was the type of pretest, post-test with control group. The experimental group took part in 12 sessions of two –hour music therapy. The measurement tools consisted of : Kim karad memory test and the accuracy comet square test.Data were analysed by multivariable covariance analysis (MANCOVA). The results showed is effects active music education on memory and attention patient of schizophrenia Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The compare attention, memory and social support in people with substance abuse and Normal in Tabriz
Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei Raheleh Mohammadnezhad Ashraf Karami Hanieh Kharazi NotashBackground: Cognitive impairments are the most important signs of substance abuse. The aim of this study was to compare attention and memory in Narcotic Substance Abusers and Normal people in the city of Tabriz. Methods: The study was a descriptive study with causal-co MoreBackground: Cognitive impairments are the most important signs of substance abuse. The aim of this study was to compare attention and memory in Narcotic Substance Abusers and Normal people in the city of Tabriz. Methods: The study was a descriptive study with causal-comparative method. The study sample included all men Substance Abusers referred to addiction treatment centers in Tabriz city was formed in Semester of 2016. The sample consisted of 40 people with drug addicted and 40 non-addicted subjects. For data collection, analysis and continuous performance test computer memory boards were used. The data were analyzed in Spss version 21 using with multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: The result showed that the group with drug abuse was significantly different in CPT Beck than the normal group (p≤0.05). This means that attention and memory performance in individuals with substance abuse is weaker than normal people. Conclusions: It can be stated that substance abuse is a disturbance in attention and memory functions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Volumetric travel in time ؛ The Role of Eventual Memory in Poetry Poetry; Based on Memory Segmentation from Bergson's View
sadaf mohseni alireza farnamAbstract The purpose of this paper, which is a library and documentary research, is to investigate the role of incidental memory in promoting self-awareness using visual and emotional richness in Forough Farrokhzad's works based on psychological criticism and representa MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper, which is a library and documentary research, is to investigate the role of incidental memory in promoting self-awareness using visual and emotional richness in Forough Farrokhzad's works based on psychological criticism and representation of the two in poetry. In this regard, the difference between soul and body is first discussed from Bergson's point of view; According to him, "soul" and "body" are the only time difference, and the soul and consequently self-awareness are always present in the past and do not look to the past to current events. Therefore, strengthening "random memory", which is a smooth and three-dimensional memory, will play an effective role in increasing self-awareness. In this descriptive and analytical study of content, we intend to increase the level of self-awareness by guiding the reader to use more random memory to have a significant impact on the process of psychotherapy and relief from mental problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality (review)
Ali PirhayatiThe problem of personal identity, i.e. the question of what a person's being a person is based on, is one of the problems with a long history in philosophy and theology. The most important topic in the debates about personal identity is the criteria based on which a per MoreThe problem of personal identity, i.e. the question of what a person's being a person is based on, is one of the problems with a long history in philosophy and theology. The most important topic in the debates about personal identity is the criteria based on which a person remains the same person over time and is different from others. Personal identity is related to issues such as soul-body relation, memory, the whatness of "I", evidence of identity recognition, and even human population. It goes without saying that the personal identity is one of the topics that can have a special relevance in the survival of the soul and immortality. In his book Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality (1978), John Perry tries to present various philosophical positions and views on personal identity and immortality in the form of a three-person conversation between three fictional characters. In this book, various issues such as survival after death, the role of memory in personal identity, and the relationship of the body with the soul have been discussed from different perspectives. In this article, we will first introduce John Perry and his works. Then we examine the content of the book and the weaknesses of the arguments. At the end, we will have a look at the general quality of the Persian translation of the book (translated by Kaveh Lajevardi, published by Markaz Publications) and suggest what we think are better translations for some of the sentences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Investigating the relationship between Visual- spatial Processing and working memory with creativity and math anxiety: mediation of math self-efficacy and social intelligence
Zahra Mahdavi Najmabadi Parvin Kadivar Aliakbar Arjmandnia Kambiz PoshenehPurpose: In this study, the relationship between spatial visual observation and working memory with creativity and math anxiety has been investigated through mediation of mathematical self-efficacy and social intelligence among female students. Methodology: The method i MorePurpose: In this study, the relationship between spatial visual observation and working memory with creativity and math anxiety has been investigated through mediation of mathematical self-efficacy and social intelligence among female students. Methodology: The method is correlation with a path analysis. A total of 477 students were selected randomly from a multi-stage cluster randomly from all female students of fifth grade elementary school in public schools in Tehran during the academic year of 2017-18. Students were examined by the non-verbal creativity questionnaire of Torrance Form A, MARS-R Mathematic Anxiety Scale, working Memory for Children (SMBK), Liv, Kivevala and May,s Mental Self-Efficacy, Traumous Social Intelligence (TSIS), and Processing Test Binet's spatial visualization completed. In order to analyze the data, Pearson correlation and path analysis were used .Results: Based on the proposed model (RMSEA = 0.001), in this study, Visual- spatial Processing variables were only indirectly mediated by social intelligence and math self-efficacy variables on math anxiety (P-value <0.05, = β) and showed a relationship with social intelligence mediating with creativity (P-value <0.05). Also, the working memory variable was displayed only directly (P-value = 0.03, β = 099) with creativity. Conclusion: Considering the confirmation of the main goal of this study, one can mention the two variables of social intelligence and mathematical self-efficacy as the variables that influence the educational priorities of the educational system in order to increase creativity and reduce the math anxiety Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - the clinical creativity therapy model (CCTM) on attention and memory in children with dyscalculia
Alireza Pirkhaefi Shokooh BajalanThe aim of present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the clinical creativity therapy model (CCTM) on attention and memory in children with dyscalculia in Shahinshahr and suburbs. Method: This research was a quasi-experimental, pre-test, post-test, experimental MoreThe aim of present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the clinical creativity therapy model (CCTM) on attention and memory in children with dyscalculia in Shahinshahr and suburbs. Method: This research was a quasi-experimental, pre-test, post-test, experimental and control group. Statistical population included all students with dyscalculia in primary school in ShahinShahr city in the academic year 2018 that were referred to the center of learning disorders of Sotoodeh of ShahinShahr city. A sample of 30 people was selected via random sampling method and subjected to two groups of 15 people. For the experimental group, a course of clinical creativity therapy model was held during 20 sessions and for 20 hours. The tools used in this research are Wechsler's intelligence test for children, the Torrance creativity test (visual form), N-Back working memory test, Stroop's test. Data were analyzed using SPSS-23 software. Findings: The results of covariance analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in the N-Back memory test and the attention of Stroop and Wechsler 4 and Torrance creativity (visual form) after teaching the clinical creativity therapy model. It was seen that the memory, attention and creativity of the experimental group increased compared to the control group. Conclusion: Overall, the results indicated that the clinical creativity therapy model (CCTM) had an effect on memory, attention and creativity of children with dyscalculia in the experimental group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - The Effectiveness of Maghz e bartar Package Intervention on Concentration, Memory and Creativity in Primary School Students in Isfahan city
Niloofar Bagheri Zohreh LatifiBackground and Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Maghz e bartar package intervention on Concentration, memory, and creativity in primary school students in Isfahan city. Methods: The method of the present study was Quasi-experimental w MoreBackground and Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Maghz e bartar package intervention on Concentration, memory, and creativity in primary school students in Isfahan city. Methods: The method of the present study was Quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design and one-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of the study included all students in the fifth grade in 1397-1397 That Among them, 30 people were divided into experimental and control groups as a statistical sample by available sampling method and random assignment. For the experimental group, the content of the Maghz e bartar package (agha panah, 1388) was trained whit active methods during 12 sessions of 60 minutes. Data collection tools were creativity questionnaire (Abedi, 1372), Wechsler memory test (Shahim, 1373) and Concentration Skill Questionnaire(Savary and Oraki, 1394). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance using SPSS software version 24. Results: The results indicated that Maghz e bartar package training had a significant effect on increasing participants' Concentration and creativity in post-test and follow-up stages (p < 0.05). The effect of the intervention was not observed on memory performance scores. Conclusion: This study showed that the training of the Maghz e bartar package using fast mathematical calculation techniques In a mental way , memory enhancement techniques and using special planning has caused students to use both hemispheres of the brain simultaneously and has increased their concentration and creativity. Therefore, To facilitate learning this method can be used as a new approach with relatively lasting effects to increase the concentration and creativity of primary school students . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Investigating the effective educational factors on the growth of creativity among high school students in Takab city
Sajad Nemati Noredin Mirzai Rasol DavodiCreativity as a valuable educational goal or goal is never achieved in a vacuum, but its achievement and manifestation in various fields requires the preparation of a set of basic contexts and conditions, and considering the problems and bottlenecks in our educational s MoreCreativity as a valuable educational goal or goal is never achieved in a vacuum, but its achievement and manifestation in various fields requires the preparation of a set of basic contexts and conditions, and considering the problems and bottlenecks in our educational system in There is a background for the growth and emergence of creativity in educational centers. This study seeks to analyze the role and position of effective factors in the growth of creativity of high school students. This research is a descriptive survey in terms of practical purpose and method and nature of data collection. Data collection included Torrance Spatial Visual Processing Questionnaire (1979), Pham and Taylor Students' Academic Performance Questionnaire; 1999, Cornwald Active Memory Questionnaire (1995), Metacognitive Questionnaire by Wells in 1997, Phillips Social Support Questionnaire 1986, in which convergent validity and reliability were calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population of this study included all teachers, principals and members of secondary education. The sample size was based on Cochran's formula 136 and the stratified cluster random sampling method was proportional to the sample size. The method was data analysis and structural equation modeling. . In order to collect information, library and field methods such as questionnaires were used. In order to investigate the effect of academic performance and working memory mediated by metacognition, cognition and emotional dimension on the growth of creativity of high school students was used. The results showed that academic performance and working memory mediated by metacognition, cognition and emotional dimension have a positive and significant effect on the growth of creativity of high school students. The results also showed that the analysis of academic performance was directly 0.09 and mediated by metacognition, cognition and emotional dimension respectively 0.594, 0.194 and 0.260, working memory directly by 0.081 and mediated by Metacognition, cognition and emotional dimension explain 0.606, 0.254 and 0.209, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Comparison of Personality Traits and Working Memory in Slow-Moving Adults with Down Syndrome and without Alzheimer's Disorder in Tehran and Baku
Leila Maleki Samian Gholamali Afrooz masuod Gholamali Lavasani Hadi BahramiPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate personality traits and working memory in slow-moving adults with Down syndrome with and without Alzheimer's disease selected in Baku and Tehran. Methodology: The present study was a "causal-comparative" post-event resear MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate personality traits and working memory in slow-moving adults with Down syndrome with and without Alzheimer's disease selected in Baku and Tehran. Methodology: The present study was a "causal-comparative" post-event research in terms of quantitative method, applied purpose and data collection. The statistical population of this study includes adults with Down syndrome with Alzheimer's disorder and without Alzheimer's disease over 40 years, which is purposefully and accessibly available to 40 adults with Down syndrome in Baku, 20 cases of Alzheimer's disease and 20 cases without Alzheimer's disorder and 40 adults with Down syndrome in Iran (20 cases of Alzheimer's disorder and 20 cases without Alzheimer's disorder) were selected as a statistical sample. To collect the necessary information in this study, a personality traits questionnaire and working memory scale were used. Findings: The results showed that the differences between personality traits and working memory of slow-acting adults with Down syndrome with and without Alzheimer's disease in Tehran and Baku were significant, as well as the mean of personality traits, conscientiousness, flexibility, receptivity and Active memory in adults with Down syndrome without Alzheimer's disorder compared to adults with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disorder in Baku was higher than in Iran except for neuroticism. Conclusion: Based on this, it is suggested that behavioral intervention programs based on cognition and mindfulness be designed and used in the field of strengthening personality traits and working memory for parents of children with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - The Effectiveness of Therapeutic Interventions Based on Brain Gymnastics on Working Memory and Processing Speed of Students with Special Learning Disabilities
Afsaneh Mehrabi Ghodratollah Abasi Fakhri Mohammad KazemPurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention based on brain gymnastics on working memory and processing speed of students with specific learning disorders. Methodology: The research method was semi-experimental wit MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention based on brain gymnastics on working memory and processing speed of students with specific learning disorders. Methodology: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included elementary school boys and girls with learning disabilities in Tonekabon city who referred to the health learning disability center of that city in the academic year of 2018-2019. The sampling method of this research was available, after selecting 30 people, they were randomly assigned to two groups of 15 people for testing and control. Data collection tools were clinical interview and Wechsler IQ scale 4 (2003). Multivariate analysis of variance was used for data analysis. The above tests were performed using SPSS software version 22. Findings: The results of the research showed that the treatment based on brain gymnastics had a positive and significant effect on the working memory and processing speed of students with specific learning disorders. Conclusion: The results of the research showed that therapeutic interventions based on brain gymnastics are not effective on the working memory of students with specific learning disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Comparison of the Effectiveness of Working Memory Training on Educational Self-regulation in Female Students of State High Schools
Fariba Rostamipurpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of working memory training on academic self-regulation in female high school students. Method: The statistical population of this study included all second-grade secondary school students in district 5 Morepurpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of working memory training on academic self-regulation in female high school students. Method: The statistical population of this study included all second-grade secondary school students in district 5 of Tehran in the academic year of 96-97. To collect data, the self-directed questionnaire of Kanle & Royan (1987) was used. This research was a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design with control group. A sample of 30 people who were lower in the dependent variable and willing to participate in the training sessions were selected randomly and divided into two experimental groups and one control group (each group was 15). Within a week of pre-test run for both groups, the experimental group was subjected to an independent variable of work memory training (20 sessions of a half-hour, three sessions per week) and the control group did not receive any training. Findings : In this study, the variance of multiple, single variable and multiple variable variables was used to analyze the differences between the groups, taking into account intra-group (test) and intergroup (group membership). The results showed that working memory training increased self-regulation in students. Discussion: Work memory training also increases academic well-being, self-regulation and academic achievement motivation in students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on increasing memory capacity
Yasmin Zeinab ZahmatkeshPurpose: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy training on increasing memory capacity in female high school students. Methodology: The present study was correlational in terms of basic purpose in terms of descriptive method MorePurpose: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy training on increasing memory capacity in female high school students. Methodology: The present study was correlational in terms of basic purpose in terms of descriptive method and quantitative in terms of method. The study population consisted of all female high school students in Tehran in the 2016-2017 academic years. The sampling method of the present study was purposeful stepwise cluster sampling. The volume of the present sample was selected based on previous research. In the present study, to evaluate the dependent variables of the research, the emotional schema therapy training package and the work memory capacity questionnaire (Daniman and Carpenter, 1980) were used. Results: The results of univariate analysis of covariance showed that the effect of emotional schema therapy on increasing memory capacity with value (f = 122.341) and significant level (p = 0.42) was significant in female high school students. Conclusion: Awareness of individual strengths and weaknesses and focus on strengths and learning from negative points and optimal use of knowledge about themselves and the environment helps students to plan and perform better Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Behavior and mechanical properties of shape memory alloys in smart materials and its application in various industries
Mahdi Rezvani TavakolWith the growth and improvement in information technology over the past twenty years, the word "smart" increasingly on the materials, objects and the environment have been used. Hashmi the property that materials have been found in all groups. In Hadith of materials suc MoreWith the growth and improvement in information technology over the past twenty years, the word "smart" increasingly on the materials, objects and the environment have been used. Hashmi the property that materials have been found in all groups. In Hadith of materials such as composites, polymers, ceramics and metals can be advanced that the materials found by a series of processes, intelligent properties found. Smart materials are those materials also say that they can understand their surrounding environment and react to it. Now smart composites and metals are used on many occasions and have found their place in the industry. In this paper, the shape memory alloy as well as the efficiency of this type of smart materials in the industry have been discussed. Shape memory alloys that change shape in response to temperature changes caused by the conversion phase and some other materials that show and irritability sensing capability can be a range of smart materials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The effectiveness of child-centered play therapy on improving working memory and attention in children with math disorders
پگاه نفریه علیرضا پیرخائفیAbstract One of the problems of students with math disorder is lack of attention and difficulty in active memory, which can be increased with play therapy. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy on improving MoreAbstract One of the problems of students with math disorder is lack of attention and difficulty in active memory, which can be increased with play therapy. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy on improving working memory and attention of children with math disorders. The method of this research was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all students with math disorders in the first half of 2019. The research sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. And they answered the questionnaires of the Iran Key Math diagnostic test (2001), children's working memory by Pickering and Gathercole (2001) and color word Stroop (2006) before and after the intervention. The experimental group underwent child-centered play therapy intervention for 8 sessions of 45 minutes, and the control group did not receive any training. The research data was analyzed using correlation. The results of covariance analysis showed that child-centered play therapy has a positive effect on working memory and attention of students with math disorders. The effect on working memory was 0.55 and on attention was 0.61 (P<0.01). Play therapy is effective in improving working memory and attention of children with mathematical disorders. Therefore, this type of education can be used to reduce the problems of children with math disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Comparison of executive actions "Cognitive Planning, Inhibition of Response, Continuous Functionality and Active Memory" in students with and without disorder
hadi taghizadeh amanollah soltani hamdollah manzari zahra zeynoddiniAbstract Objective: This study aimed to compare the executive functions (, response inhibition, sustained attention and working memory) in students with learning disabilities are dysgraphia normal counterparts. Methods: This descriptive study is causal-comparative. The MoreAbstract Objective: This study aimed to compare the executive functions (, response inhibition, sustained attention and working memory) in students with learning disabilities are dysgraphia normal counterparts. Methods: This descriptive study is causal-comparative. The study population included all male students in primary Mqth with and without learning disabilities in the city of Mashhad. To measure the variables of CPT and subscale of Wechsler Digit was used. Data using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were analyzed. Results: The results showed that children with disabilities disorder, dysgraphia than normal children have lower performance in executive function (response time, response inhibition, sustained attention and working memory) are. There was a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: It seems that this weakness will lead to problems in decision-making and lack of proper judgment, problems with innovation and change, distraction and problems in various aspects of memory. nse inhibition, sustained attention and working memory) are. There was a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: It seems that this weakness will lead to problems in decision-making and lack of proper judgment, problems with innovation and change, distraction and problems in various aspects of memory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Comparison of the effectiveness of working memory and mindfulness training on educational well-being high school students
mahdi barghamadi hossein mahdian Mohammad YaminiThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of teaching Mindfulness and Working Memory on academic well-being second grade secondary school students. The statistical population of this study includes all second-grade secondary school students in Sabzevar MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of teaching Mindfulness and Working Memory on academic well-being second grade secondary school students. The statistical population of this study includes all second-grade secondary school students in Sabzevar city during the academic year of 2017-2018. To collect data, Tuminnin-Sweeney et al. Educational well-being Questionnaire (2012) used. This research was a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test design with control group. A sample of 45 people who were lower in the three dependent variables who were willing to participate in the training sessions were selected and randomly assigned to two groups of test and one control group (each group was 15). Within one week of pre-test run for each of the three groups, one of the experimental groups was subjected to an independent variable of mindfulness education and the second group was subjected to working memory training and the control group did not receive any training. In this research, to analyze the differences between the groups, the variance analysis of variables of multiple and single variable variables was used, taking into account the intra-group (test) and intergroup (group membership) variables. The results showed that mindfulness training increased academic well-being in students. Also, working memory training can increase academic well-being in students. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of mindfulness education and working memory training, and training mindfulness is more effective in increasing academic well-being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Mediating role of working memory (phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketch pad) in the relationship between test anxiety and mindfulness in students
zahra masanani Ahmad khamesan Mohammad Hosein SalarifarThe purpose of the current research is the study of the mediating role of working memory on relationship of mindfulness with test anxiety The study method is correlational descriptive and of the type of structural equations model. In order to research, 199 students were MoreThe purpose of the current research is the study of the mediating role of working memory on relationship of mindfulness with test anxiety The study method is correlational descriptive and of the type of structural equations model. In order to research, 199 students were selected by multistage sampling among the statistical population included all students of Birjand University and Medical Sciences university. To collect data for measuring working memory, the test of working memory profile of Wexler and for measuring test anxiety and mindfulness, the questionnaires of test anxiety of Abolqasemi and mindfulness skills of Kentucky were used. The results showed that there is relationship between mindfulness and its dimensions (act with awareness and accept without judgment) with test anxiety. There is no significant relationship between mindfulness and working memory, and the mediating role of working role on the relationship between mindfulness with test anxiety didn't verified. So, it can be said that working memory had no mediating role between mindfulness and test anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - The Effectiveness of Rhythmic Poetry Training on Improving of Working Memory, decreasing of Severity of Stuttering and Anxiety in Children with Stuttering
Samad Rahmati Reyhaneh Jabbari Tahereh SaminThe purpose of this study was to the effectiveness of rhythmic poetry training on improving of working memory and decreasing of severity of stuttering and anxiety in children with stuttering. The experimental design was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and fol MoreThe purpose of this study was to the effectiveness of rhythmic poetry training on improving of working memory and decreasing of severity of stuttering and anxiety in children with stuttering. The experimental design was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included all children 12-6 year old with stutterers referring to speech therapy centers in Ahvaz in the year 1396. Among the statistical population of this study were selected 30 people using convenience sampling, and were placed randomly in experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups; and responded to Stuttering Severity Instrument (Reynolds & Richmond, 1985),Nonword Repetition test (Barikroo et al., 2011) and Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (Riley, 1994). The control group was awaited and rhythmic poetry training for the experimental group was carried out in 16 sessions of 60 minutes each week for 2 sessions; Then, at the end of the therapeutic interventions and again 2 months later, the subjects of the experimental and control groups were evaluated by questionnaires. Data were analyzed using mixed variance analysis with repeated measures. The results showed that rhythmic poetry training improved the function of active memory and decreased stuttering and anxiety in children with stuttering and this effect remained stable at follow up stage. rhythmic poetry training by strengthen the role of the right hemisphere in language control and increase nerve branches by forming and activating the cerebral cortex leads to improved the function of active memory and reduced stuttering and anxiety in children with stuttering. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The role of achievement goals, working memory and cognitive learning styles (field dependent, independent of context) in anticipation of the first secondary grade seven math achievement of students in Mashhad
hadi taghi zadeh noshiravan khezri moghadam hamdolalah manzari tavakoli zahra Zinedine MeymandThis study examined the role of achievement goals, working memory and cognitive styles in predicting academic achievement in math. Among all students in grade seven high schools in the two cities of Mashhad, 264 people sampling multi-stage cluster were selected and ques MoreThis study examined the role of achievement goals, working memory and cognitive styles in predicting academic achievement in math. Among all students in grade seven high schools in the two cities of Mashhad, 264 people sampling multi-stage cluster were selected and questionnaires cognitive styles dependent on context and unrelated to the fields, inventory goal orientation Midgley et al (1998 ) and full questionnaire responded memory. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used. The results showed that cognitive styles, achievement goals and working memory there is a significant positive correlation with math achievement and predicted mathematics achievement is the highest share in working memory. Cognitive styles of students who are independent, have reported the amount of memory span more active. Students with independent stylistic mastery goals are more or average score. Students with field dependent cognitive style are more avoidant score goals. Working memory is a significant relationship mastery goals. - The relationship between working memory span and approach the target score in order to direct significant relationship exists between working memory span and score the aim of avoiding significant negative relationship exists Dard.ntayj research shows that mathematical achievement of the goals of progress , stylistic and working memory predictable. But regression analysis revealed that the share of working memory span is a goal of developing cognitive styles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Formation of collective memory cents in the first Pahlavi period (Iranshahr and Ayandeh publications)
HOSAIN MANSOORI MOTLAGH mehdi najafzadeEmphasizing the understanding of national historiography and using the theoretical model of Halbovax, this study has studied why and how to strengthen and highlight the collective memory of Iranians of the first Pahlavi era by the publications of that time - emphasizing MoreEmphasizing the understanding of national historiography and using the theoretical model of Halbovax, this study has studied why and how to strengthen and highlight the collective memory of Iranians of the first Pahlavi era by the publications of that time - emphasizing Ayandeh and Iranshahr. Unlike traditional historiography, where there is no need to strengthen and highlight collective memory, national identity-based historiography prioritizes the strengthening and highlighting of collective memory, and populism is one of its main characteristics. Prominence means reminiscing, manipulating the past, taking a similar look at discrete history, interpreting it for the identity system, linking it to current developments, and using it for nationalism. The research findings show that these publications, with a kind of popular national historiography, like to highlight the centers of the past, strengthen common traditions of being Iranian for all, and critique traditional historiography in order to create a new identity. They were for the age of the nation-state. The research method is historical and descriptive-analytical, based on archival documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - A speculation at Political currier of "Memories and Dangers" of Mehdi Quli Khan Mokhber Al-Saltaneh Hedayat
usef motvaliThe longest period of Prime Ministry position during Reza Shah was served by Mehdi Quli Khan Mokhber Al-Saltaneh Hedayat. He served this position from 1306 to 1312 for 6 years. He has written his memory which covers his life during the Seven Qajari kings and Pahlavi, en MoreThe longest period of Prime Ministry position during Reza Shah was served by Mehdi Quli Khan Mokhber Al-Saltaneh Hedayat. He served this position from 1306 to 1312 for 6 years. He has written his memory which covers his life during the Seven Qajari kings and Pahlavi, entitle of "Memories and Dangers". The picture he has tired to show from himself in this book differs totally or some time is in contrast to what we know about his political currier comparing with other sources. In this book he has tried introduce himself as anti-western and against foreign influence and against despotism and Reza Shah's Reform, but his currier show something else. However, the main purpose of this paper is showing that contrast in this book. In this paper it has been tried, base on some other sources and documents and by using historical research methods to examine the character of Mehdi Quli Khan Mokhber Al-Saltaneh Hedayat, as it was, not as he introduced himself in his book. Manuscript profile -
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86 - The Effect of Working Memory Training on Vocabulary Recall and Retention of Iranian EFL Learners: The Case of Dual N-Back Task
Mojtaba Marashi -
Open Access Article
87 - Design of a Multiplier for Similar Base Numbers Without Converting Base Using a Data Oriented Memory
Majid Jafari Ali Broumandnia Navid Habibi Shahab Forgani -
Open Access Article
88 - Comparing the effect of aggressive and educational games on working memory and processing speed of primary school children
ahad ahanghar anzabi shirin zeinali soheila anvariThe aim of the present study is comparing the effect the effect aggressive and educational games on working memory and processing speed of primary school children in Tabriz. It was a post hoc study. The statistical universe included all students (82500 pupils that study MoreThe aim of the present study is comparing the effect the effect aggressive and educational games on working memory and processing speed of primary school children in Tabriz. It was a post hoc study. The statistical universe included all students (82500 pupils that study in 2 section of Tabriz. The sample included 150 students that selected with available sampling method (50 students in educational group, 50 students in aggression group and 50 students in no experience of game). The include criteria was playing aggressive game and educational game during one recent year and seven hour or more in one week. The include criteria for third group was playing no game or playing an hour or less during a week. The students completed subscales of working memory test (digit span, Letter – Number sequencing) and processing speed (Symbol Search and coding) in WISC-4. The data were analyzed with SPSS software using ANOVA. The results showed that there was significant differences between educational group, aggression group and no experience of game in working memory and this difference was positive for educational group. The results showed that there was significant differences between educational group, aggression group and no experience of game in processing speed and this difference was positive for educational group (p < 0.001). The result confirmed that different kind of video game has different effect on cognitive process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Designing and Evaluating Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of Hassani’s Emotional Active Memory Software Test in Fifth Grade Female Students
ilnaz sajadian mozhgan hassani mohamadali nadiAbstract The present study aimed at designing and evaluating the psychometric properties of Hassani’s Emotional Active Memory Software Test on a sample of 80 fifth grade female students in public schools of Tehran during the academic year 2016-2017. They were sel MoreAbstract The present study aimed at designing and evaluating the psychometric properties of Hassani’s Emotional Active Memory Software Test on a sample of 80 fifth grade female students in public schools of Tehran during the academic year 2016-2017. They were selected via two multistage cluster sampling and purposive methods. The test consists of 8 blocks, each consists of 12 exercises. 3 blocks is performed for each subject selected randomly. The stimuli have a number of emoji with emotional loads and marks. To investigate the psychometric properties, test-retest reliability coefficient with 20 days interval was employed. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.68 to 0.75. In addition, validity of the test was assessed using content validity and criterion validity techniques by comparing "matched groups". The first group consisted of 20 normal students, and the second group included 20 students with active memory deficits and low cognitive emotion regulation. The second group’s subjects were identified by two the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) and Garnefski’s Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). The results of comparing mean scores of the two groups in different parts of the test showed a significant difference between the performance of them (p = 0.001). Therefore, Hassani’s Active Memory Software Test has good reliability and validity and can be used to measure emotional memory in psychological studies in the mentioned age range. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Comparison of working memory and cognitive flexibility of female bilingual Arabic-Persian and monolingual students
Niloufar Gholamipour Noshirvan Khezri Moghadam Masoud Fazilatpour The study aimed to evaluate and compare working memory and cognitive flexibility of monolingual and bilingual Arabic-Persian students. The method of the present study was descriptive. The study population consisted of 473 female monolingual and bilingual 10 More The study aimed to evaluate and compare working memory and cognitive flexibility of monolingual and bilingual Arabic-Persian students. The method of the present study was descriptive. The study population consisted of 473 female monolingual and bilingual 10- to 12-year-old female students in Kangan city in the 1396-97 academic year, which among them, 100 students, 50 of whom were Persian-speaking and the other 50 bilingual (Arabic-Persian-speaking), were selected by random sampling. A computer version of the Wisconsin test was used to measure cognitive flexibility (Grant and Berg, 1948) and the Wechsler IV Digit Span subscale (Wechsler, 2003) was used to measure working memory. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Independent T-Test. The results showed a significant difference between monolingual and bilingual students in working memory and cognitive flexibility. The performance of bilinguals in both variables is better than monolingual children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - The relationship between working memory, anxiety and students academic performance
Mohammad Mojtabazadeh Hasan Asadzadeh Yousef Karimi Ali Delavar In the present research, the relationship between working memory capacity, level of anxiety and academic achievement were examined. The overall objective of the present study is practical and in terms of method is correlational descriptive. By t More In the present research, the relationship between working memory capacity, level of anxiety and academic achievement were examined. The overall objective of the present study is practical and in terms of method is correlational descriptive. By the use of a multistage cluster sampling from high schools of Zanjan Educational Organization, a number of 304 third grade students from secondary schools were selected. The research tool consisted of the following: (a) Daneman and Carpenter Working Memory Test (1980), and (b) the Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (1970). In addition, the students’ average score was used as an indicator of academic achievement. The collected data, through a significant test of Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions were analyzed. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between capacity of working memory, anxiety and academic achievement. The other finding showed there was a significant relationship between academic achievement, level of processing and level of reservation, and between the level of anxiety, level of processing and Level of reservation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Play Therapy on Improving Working Memory and Cognitive Flexibility in Children with Special Learning Disorder
Rana Gharib Mir Abdolhasan Askari Rankouh Fatemeh Rabipour Bahman AkbariThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive-behavioral play therapy (CBPT) on improving work memory (WM) and cognitive flexibility (CF) in children with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD). The research method was semi-experimental with a pretest- MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive-behavioral play therapy (CBPT) on improving work memory (WM) and cognitive flexibility (CF) in children with Specific Learning Disorder (SLD). The research method was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all children (540 people) with SLD referred to the Center for SLD in Rasht in 2018, from among which 24 people were selected by available sampling and randomly replaced in experimental group (12 people) and control (12 people). Then Working Memory Rating Scale (WMRS) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in the form of pre-test and post-test were performed on them. Experimental group participants received 10 sessions of 1 hour and twice a week Cognitive-behavioral play therapy (CBPT) program; While in the control group there was no intervention. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance in SPSS22 software. The results showed that CBPT is effective on improving WM and CF in children with SLD. Based on this, it can be concluded that CBPT intervention method, as a complementary approach, to improve WM and CF of children with SLD, can be used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - The Effectiveness of Games based on Neurocognitive Executive Actions on the Skill of Understanding Time and Working Memory of Children with Reading Disorders
Atousa Masoudi Fatemeh Noora Ashrafi Tahmineh Hoseyni Hamideh Majidinia The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of games based on cognitive executive actions on time perception skills and working memory of children with reading disorders. This research was conducted with a semi-experimental metho More The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of games based on cognitive executive actions on time perception skills and working memory of children with reading disorders. This research was conducted with a semi-experimental method and with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all children with reading disorders in learning disorder centers in Tehran in the academic year of 1401. The sampling method in this research was available and with this method, 30 children with reading disorders who had a higher cut-off in the reading disorder test were selected and divided into two equal groups (15 people) and control (15 people) were randomly assigned. The research tools included the reading disorder diagnosis screening test (Shafiei et al., 2017), the computerized time reproduction test, and the Cornoldian working memory test (CWMT). The findings were analyzed using covariance analysis and the results showed the games based on neurological executive actions improved the time perception skills and working memory of the experimental group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The impact of multimedia teaching assistant dictated on visual memory improvement and self-education of students with disabilities learn spelling in second grade of school of welfare Shabestar city
Nasim Faraji Parviz Karimi SaniThe aim of this study was to dictate sweetheart multimedia production and its effectiveness in improving auditory and visual memory problems and learning disabilities were spelled students' academic self-efficacy. The research design was quasi-experimental and two group MoreThe aim of this study was to dictate sweetheart multimedia production and its effectiveness in improving auditory and visual memory problems and learning disabilities were spelled students' academic self-efficacy. The research design was quasi-experimental and two group pre-test and post-test. The population consisted of students with disabilities in learning second grade elementary school was well Shabestar`s in the academic year 94-95. The sample consisted of 16 subjects who were randomly of these, 8 patients in the experimental group and 8 patients in the control group. 15 sessions with multimedia dictate the experimental group and the control group with conventional methods were trained assistant. The students at the center of the test to detect learning disabilities visual memory, auditory memory test and spelling test was used. Spelling test data collection, to determine the normal distribution of data Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Results showed that students who dictated multimedia companion, that the students were trained in the conventional trained significantly greater improvement in visual memory problems as well as their academic self-efficacy. So dictated multimedia companion improve auditory (P<0/01) and visual memory (P<0/01) problems and learning disabilities students' academic self-efficacy (P<0/01) spell is effective. It is suggested multimedia spelling dictation assistant in the education of students with disabilities in learning, and for other types of learning disabilities, educational multimedia production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - The effect of memory reinforcement strategies training on visual memory and spelling of pupils in second and fifth grades primary school with learning disorder
Majid Pakdaman Kobra Ghorbanpour study aimed at effect strategies enhancing memory on visual enhance memory and improving spell for elementary school students have been done learning difficulties. Method in semi- More study aimed at effect strategies enhancing memory on visual enhance memory and improving spell for elementary school students have been done learning difficulties. Method in semi-experimental study 60 students (30 girls and 30 boys) of the second and fifth grade educational level with learning difficulties in lessons of spelling, the sampling method were selected and matched in terms of demographic characteristics. First test of visual memory Kim karad and spell the sample group as was conducted pre-test. The students were for 15 sessions 45 minutes enhance memory training strategies and Kim karad visual memory test again at the end and were evaluated post test spelling. validity spelling test by experts confirm and the correlation coefficient of two unique forms of spelling was obtained based on a pilot implementation of the second 0/98 (0/0001> p) and for fifth grade 0/99 (0/0001> p) and the correlation coefficient for test Kim karad in the pre-test and retest method post test 0/86 (0/0001> p). The data at the dependent t method and analysis of covariance were analyzed. The results showed that both grades teaching has improve to strategies enhance memory significant effect on visual memory students spelling. The results of the analysis of covariance showed that grade and sex does not modify the effect of teaching strategies. Results indicate that the teaching strategies enhance memory can improve visual memory and primary school students their spelling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - The effect of Training of elaboration strategies to semantic memory recall
Hoseien Zare Farhad Ghashgaie Bahram Malaki Objective: The object of this experiment was study the effect of instruction of elaboration to increasing of recall in semantic memory of learners in the two types of homework phy More Objective: The object of this experiment was study the effect of instruction of elaboration to increasing of recall in semantic memory of learners in the two types of homework physics and social studies with regard to different levels of academic achievement. Method: The experimental method and the test plan developed with the control group were used. 180 first year high school girl students as subjects in four experimental groups and control groups randomly selected and were replaced. To Experimental groups, methods of knowledge elaboration and semantic elaboration were taught, and then all groups in a 2-hour session were given a memory task. Immediately then subjects exposed to recall test commonly. The effectiveness of elaboration strategies training separately for subjects high, medium and low levels of academic achievement were examined. Results: The instruction of elaboration both the field of physics and social studies on semantic memory significantly was affected. In both fields, experimental groups 1 and 2 with the control group were significantly different.in social studies, between type of elaboration variables and levels of academic achievement were dual interaction. Discussion: The instruction of elaboration types to learners in different levels of academic achievement significantly increased semantic memory recall in their impact is, however, this effect is not same in the various types of content and learning materials also depends on the characteristics of subjects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Social Anxiety and the Role of Boys and Girls Working Memory Function
Hassan Ashayeri Fatemeh Jafari Shiva DolatabadiThis study aims to examine gender differences in the level of social anxiety and social anxiety role in the performance of working memory was evaluated. To accomplish this goal of 8 high school students in public high schools in Tehran were selected first. Screening 600 MoreThis study aims to examine gender differences in the level of social anxiety and social anxiety role in the performance of working memory was evaluated. To accomplish this goal of 8 high school students in public high schools in Tehran were selected first. Screening 600 individuals who were selected in a manner cluster ultimately impaired and normal people were identified. Of those, two groups of 15 subjects were randomly selected. Tools Laybvytz questionnaire of social anxiety, working memory subtests Stanford intelligence test Bynh- Tehran. Results showed that significant differences in overall social anxiety and cognitive factors (fear) and behavioral (avoidance) among the sexes does not exist. It is also a significant difference in the performance of working memory and its components among groups and individuals with social anxiety is normal. In general, based on the findings of this study, stress can interfere with memory function was activated. Finally, stress can be a factor in determining the variables affecting a significant proportion of the variance in cognitive function, particularly memory and attention examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - بررسی تاثیر هیجان پذیری و گشودگی به تجربه براستراتژی های یادگیری لغت دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی در ایران
شبنم رنجبران اسکویی ابوالفضل رمضانیاین تحقیق رابطه بین استراتژی های یادگیری لغت و متغیرهای یادگیری فراگیران ایرانی رشته زبان انگلیسی را، با توجه خاص به تیپ شخصیتی آنان ، به منظور یافتن کاربردهای آموزشی آن، جهت تدریس زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی ، مورد بررسی قرار داد.هدف تحقیق حاضر، یافتن رابطه Moreاین تحقیق رابطه بین استراتژی های یادگیری لغت و متغیرهای یادگیری فراگیران ایرانی رشته زبان انگلیسی را، با توجه خاص به تیپ شخصیتی آنان ، به منظور یافتن کاربردهای آموزشی آن، جهت تدریس زبان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی ، مورد بررسی قرار داد.هدف تحقیق حاضر، یافتن رابطه بین استراتژی های یادگیری لغت و دو تیپ شخصیتی هیجان پذیری و گشودگی به تجربه میان دانشجویان ایرانی رشته زبان انگلیسی بود. به منظور بررسی این موضوع ، نمونه آماری از جمعیت دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی برداشته شد . نمونه انتخابی برای تحلیل ، شامل 120 نفر از دانشجویان رشته زبان انگلیسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تبریز در گرایشهای مختلف بود . داده ها با استفاده از دو پرسشنامه جمع آوری گردید: پرسشنامه استراتژی های یادگیری لغت اشمیت و پرسشنامه ارزیابی شخصیت هگزاکو که در تحقیق حاضر فقط دو بعد شخصیتی این پرسشنامه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به منظور اندازه گیری رابطه بین متغیرهای یادگیری و استراتژی های یادگیری لغت ، ضریب همبستگی پیرسون مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. یافته ها ، تفاوت هایی را در استفاده از استراتژی ها نشان می دهد که نشانگر اینست که استراتژی های انتخاب شده به تیپ شخصیتی مرتبط است. این تحقیق نشان می دهد که رابطه مثبت بین هیجان پذیری و استراتژی های شناختی و فراشناختی وجود دارد ، همچنین بین گشودگی به تجربه و استراتژی های حافظه و همچنین استراتژی های اجتماعی رابطه مثبت وجود دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Effects of aerobic exercise with simultaneous cerebrolysin drug administration on spatial memory in adult male rat model of Parkinson's disease
Seyed Zanyar Athari Alireza Nourazar Daryoush MohajeriMemory impairment is a complication of Parkinson's disease (PD). Cerebrolysin has neurotrophic effects and stimulates neuronal growth. Exercise also increases brain growth factors and improves spatial memory. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise a MoreMemory impairment is a complication of Parkinson's disease (PD). Cerebrolysin has neurotrophic effects and stimulates neuronal growth. Exercise also increases brain growth factors and improves spatial memory. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise and concomitant use of cerebrolysin on spatial memory in male rats model of PD. 36 male Wistar rats weighing 250±20 were randomly divided into 6 equal groups: surgical sham, PD (6-hydroxydopamine unilateral single injection), positive control (levodopa, 12 mg/kg-po, 21 days), cerebrolysin (538 mg/kg-ip, 21days), treadmill exercise (daily for 30 minutes, 60% VO2 max, 21 days) and cerebrolysin with exercise. The cerberolysin plus exercise group was treated similarly. Finally, a spatial memory test with Morris water maze was performed in the studied groups, and after euthanasia, brain tissue was sampled to study the pathological changes in hippocampus. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test and Tukey post-hoc at the level of p<0.05 by Graphpad software. PD induction reduced spatial memory indices. Cerebrolysine increased spatial memory factors (p<0.05). Aerobic exercise improved spatial memory parameters such as cerebrolysin (p<0.05). Statistically, exercise with cerebrolysine had the best effect on improving spatial memory indices. The pathological results were consistent with the results of spatial memory. This study states that aerobic exercise and cerebrolysin treatment simultaneously improved spatial memory and pathological changes in the hippocampus in PD rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Acetyl-L-Carnitine on Spatial Memory in Male Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease
yousef ghaffari farzad zehsaz M.A Nourazar Hassan Purrazi Daryoush MohajeriParkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra region of the brain, resulting in memory impairment. Regular exercise has been shown to modulate oxidative stress, reduce brain damage, enhance MoreParkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra region of the brain, resulting in memory impairment. Regular exercise has been shown to modulate oxidative stress, reduce brain damage, enhance hippocampal neurogenesis, and improve spatial memory. Acetyl-L-carnitine, known for its protective and antioxidant properties, can enhance brain function. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation on substantia nigra tissue in a rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. A total of 36 male rats, weighing 270±20 g, were randomly divided into six equal groups: control healthy, surgical sham, Parkinsonian (unilateral single injection of 6-hydroxydopamine in the substantia nigra at 12.5 µg/ml), HIIT (8 weeks, 5 sessions per week), acetyl-L-carnitine (100 mg/kg daily for 8 weeks by gavage), and concurrent acetyl-L-carnitine + HIIT (similar regimen as groups 4 and 5). Spatial memory was evaluated using the Morris water maze test, and after euthanasia, brain tissue was collected to assess pathological changes in the hippocampus. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests with a significance level of p<0.05, employing SPSS 23 software.Parkinson's disease induction resulted in reduced spatial memory indices. HIIT and acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation significantly improved spatial memory factors (p<0.05). Statistically, the combined HIIT and acetyl-L-carnitine treatment demonstrated the most substantial improvement in spatial memory indices. This study suggests that concurrent HIIT and acetyl-L-carnitine treatment can enhance spatial memory and ameliorate pathological changes in the hippocampus of Parkinson's disease rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Effectiveness of Working Memory Training on Improving Reading Skills in Dyslexic Primary School Students
Farideh Hamidi Marzieh FayazbakhshIn this study, the effectiveness of working memory training on improving reading skills in dyslexic primary school students was investigated. The research design was experimental with pretest-posttest control group .Based on Wechsler test, from among 195 students with d MoreIn this study, the effectiveness of working memory training on improving reading skills in dyslexic primary school students was investigated. The research design was experimental with pretest-posttest control group .Based on Wechsler test, from among 195 students with dyslexic reading, 60 students were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group, each with 30 students. In order to examine the reading performance of the participants, the reading and dyslexia test (NOMA) was used. Working memory training was performed for 26 sessions in the experimental group. To analyze the data, the researcher conducted an independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U analysis. The results showed that working memory training based on active memory improved dyslexic students` reading skill. Also, this method increased the skills of dyslexic students in each of the sub-tests Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - The Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation Education on Improving Visual and Autistic Memory in Children with Learning Disabilities with Hyperactivity Disorder and Hyperactivity Disorders
Zeynab Khanjani Khadijeh salehi Aghdam Elahe AfiResearches in the field of children with learning disabilities show that these children often have disturbances in perception, language, phonological processing, motor disorders and memory. Memory problems of many of children with learning disabilities associated with v MoreResearches in the field of children with learning disabilities show that these children often have disturbances in perception, language, phonological processing, motor disorders and memory. Memory problems of many of children with learning disabilities associated with various auditory and visual processes and memory disorders in these children may be deficient in other cognitive domains. On the one hand, the researches in the field of cognitive rehabilitation show the improvement of executive functions such as attention and memory through this method. Considering the findings and aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in children with learning disabilities (with and without ADHD) in auditory and visual memory improvement, 26 cases of children with learning disabilities (10 with ADHD and 15 without ADHD) was selected and assessed with CSI-4 and rehabilitated through N-back software (21 half-hour sessions) and data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance and t-test. Results showed that cognitive rehabilitation for groups have been effective and differences in effectiveness for auditory memory in the two groups was significant and effective for auditory memory in LD children with ADHD was significant compared to the group without ADHD. The difference for visual memory was not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Examining the Effectiveness of the Cognitive-Emotional-Social Working Memory Training Intervention of on Cognitive Emotion Regulation of 5th Grade Female Elementary School Students in Tehran
mozhgan Hassani Mohammad Ali Nadi Ilnaz SajjadianThe study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the cognitive-emotional-social working memory training intervention on improving Cognitive Emotion Regulation in female students with poor performance in working memory. The research employed a pretest-posttest and fol MoreThe study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the cognitive-emotional-social working memory training intervention on improving Cognitive Emotion Regulation in female students with poor performance in working memory. The research employed a pretest-posttest and follow-up semi-experimental research design with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all 5th grade female students of Tehran during the academic year 2016-2017. Those students with working memory impairment were selected via multi-stage cluster random sampling using the Wechsler Software Working Memory Scale (Khodadadi, Mashhadi and Amani, 2009). Then, from among them, 40 students were randomly selected and divided into two 20-participant experimental and control groups. The cognitive-emotional-social working memory training was performed in 20 sessions for the experimental group. Before and after the intervention and two months later (follow up), participants answered to the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski & et al, 2002). The research data were analyzed using ANCOVA. According to the results of the study, the cognitive-emotional-social working memory training significantly improved the Cognitive Emotion Regulation(P = 0.001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The effect of computer based cognitive empowerment on active memory performance, attention, language ability, visual-spatial abilities and eloquence and fluency in elderly people
Rana Atri Ebrahimpour Jalil Babapour Kheyradin Mohsen AhmadiThis study aimed at considering the effect of computer-based cognitive empowerment on active memory performance, attention, language ability, visual-spatial abilities and eloquence and fluency in elderly people. This research method was experimental in which cognitive p MoreThis study aimed at considering the effect of computer-based cognitive empowerment on active memory performance, attention, language ability, visual-spatial abilities and eloquence and fluency in elderly people. This research method was experimental in which cognitive performance (active memory, attention, time of visual / auditory reaction) were taken into account before and after presenting computer-based cognitive empowerment on experimental group for 20 thirty-minute sessions within 8 weeks. Statistical population included elderly people of Khuban sanatorıum of Tabriz with the age range of 60-65. Regarding the experimental the sample included 30 people (15 people for experimental group and 15 people for control group) that were chosen out of the elderly people by available sampling method and were randomly assigned in two groups of experimental and control, and subjects were matched in both groups. The used instruments were computer-based cognitive assignment of brain and cognition sciences center and Aden Brook, revised version test. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency and descriptive chart and the hypotheses were tested by Covariance Analysis Method. The findings indicated that computer-based cognitive empowerment was effective on cognitive functions (active memory, attention, spatial/ visual). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - The Role of Metacognition, Metamemory and Meta-emotion in Predicting Students' Self-directed Learning
Mahsa Alamolhoda Ali ZeinaliThe aim of this research was determine the role of metacognition, metamemory and meta-emotion in predicting students' self-directed learning. The research method was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The research population was all high school students of Urmia MoreThe aim of this research was determine the role of metacognition, metamemory and meta-emotion in predicting students' self-directed learning. The research method was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The research population was all high school students of Urmia city in the 2019-2020 academic years. The research sample was 400 students who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research tools were the O'Neill & Abedi metacognition inventory (1996), Troyer & Rich metamemory questionnaire (2002), Mitmansgruber & et al meta-emotion questionnaire (2009) and Fisher & et al self-directed learning scale (2001). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression with enter model methods in SPSS-19 software. The findings showed that metacognition, metamemory and positive meta-emotion had a positive and significant relationship with self-directed learning and negative meta-emotion had a negative and significant relationship with self-directed learning. Also, the variables of metacognition, metamemory and meta-emotion significantly could predicted 40.8 percent of variance of students' self-directed learning and in this predicting the role of metamemory was higher than other variables (p < 0.01). According to the results of the present study, to improve students' self-directed learning, can be designed programs to increase metacognition, metamemory and positive meta-emotion and decrease negative meta-emotion and implement them through workshops. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The Effect of Teaching Math through UCMAS Method on Mental Development of Children Aged 5 to 12 in Tabriz
Farah Pak Oskouei Jahangir YariThe present study sought to investigate the effect of teaching math through UCMAS method on mental development of children aged 5 to 12 in Tabriz. The design of the study was pretest posttest with control group. The research population included all primary students at t MoreThe present study sought to investigate the effect of teaching math through UCMAS method on mental development of children aged 5 to 12 in Tabriz. The design of the study was pretest posttest with control group. The research population included all primary students at the age of 5 to 12 in Tabriz in the academic year 2013-2014 from which , 60 students (30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group) were selected through cluster sampling. Then, both groups took the pre-test. The experimental group was taught math through UCMASA method. To collect the data, Gobaribonab et al's mathematical problem solving test, Wechsler's numerical Memory Scale, and Abedi's logical mathematical intelligence scale were used. The reliability of the problem solving, numerical memory, and logical-mathematical tests were 0.92, 0.88, and 0.67 respectively. The validity of the test was at a desired level. The analysis of covariance was used for analyzing the data. The results showed that teaching through UCMAS improves problem solving numerical memory, and logical -mathematical intelligence in children. Therefore, teaching math through UCMAS can enhance mathematical skills and abilities in children Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Predicting Reading Performance Based on Short Term Storage and Central Executive of Working Memory in 8-11 Years Old Children
Parisa Mosavati Azar Ali Reza Kiamanesh Hasan AhadiThe aim of this study was to predict 8-11 years old childeren’sreading performance based on the short term storage (phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad) and central executive of working memory. The study was correlational and the statistical population co MoreThe aim of this study was to predict 8-11 years old childeren’sreading performance based on the short term storage (phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad) and central executive of working memory. The study was correlational and the statistical population consisted of 43304 students in primary schools of Tabriz in second and fifth grades from among whom, via multistage random sampling, 352 individuals were selected. The measuring tools were forward digit span task, Kim Carrad test, counting span task and a researcher-made reading comprehension test. The data were analyzed using stepwise multivariate regression analysis. Among the components of working memory, phonological loop in the second grade (p=0/000) and central executive in the fifth grade (p=0/000) could predict reading comprehension more than other components. Based on the results, it can be said that working memory, as a primary means of facilitating learning, can help improve reading performance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Investigation of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation on Working Memory Capacity of Third Grade Students with Special Learning Disabilities (Reading) with a Gender Mediating Role
Raziyeh Norouzbakhsh Haji Kandi touraj hashemi Akbar RezaeiThis study was carried out by the purpose of determining the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on working memory capacity of third grade students with special learning disabilities (reading) with gender moderation role. The present study is of quasi-experimental MoreThis study was carried out by the purpose of determining the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on working memory capacity of third grade students with special learning disabilities (reading) with gender moderation role. The present study is of quasi-experimental type in which pre-test, post-test design with a control group was used. To determine the research sample, the facade test, which is used as a tool to diagnose reading problems and dyslexia of primary school students was performed among the third grade students of Tabriz and the students who got a score higher than the average of the questionnaire were recognized as having a special learning disability (reading) and then among these students, 60 people (four groups of 15 people) were selected by simple random sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups (two groups of 15 people, one group was girls and the other group were boys and received cognitive rehabilitation training) and two control. Cognitive rehabilitation training was provided to the experimental group by Smart Sound training software (8-level computer program for cognitive rehabilitation in reading disorder) and working memory was measured using Kretschner (1985) test. Data was analyzed using multivariate factor analysis of covariance. Findings of the research showed that cognitive rehabilitation increases the working memory capacity of students with special learning disabilities (reading) and gender factor has moderating role. Thus, cognitive rehabilitation increases the working memory capacity of students with special learning disabilities (reading) among girls more than boys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Examining the Relationship between Working Memory and Intelligence with Female Students` Academic Achievement in Monolingual and Bilingual High School of Tehran
Zeinab Zahmatkesh Seyyed Davoud Hosseini-nasab Abutaleb Saadati ShamirThe present study sought to investigate the relationship and difference between working memory and intelligence and their role in predicting the academic achievement of female students in monolingual and bilingual high schools of Tehran. A sample of 366 female high stud MoreThe present study sought to investigate the relationship and difference between working memory and intelligence and their role in predicting the academic achievement of female students in monolingual and bilingual high schools of Tehran. A sample of 366 female high students were selected through multistaged sampling. To measure the students̕ working memory and intelligence, the researchers used information processing index (IPI) and Raven̕s progressive matrix respectively. The students̕ GPAs were used as the indicator of their academic achievement. In this study, using Pearson correlation coefficient and independent samples T-test, the relationship and difference between working memory and intelligence of bilingual and monolingual students were found, and the regression analysis were run in order to predict the role of working memory and intelligence in the students' academic achievement. The obtained results revealed that there was a significant relationship among the scores of working memory, intelligence, and academic achievement. However, although the scores of the bilingual students in intelligence test were higher than those of monolingual students, there was no significant difference between these two groups. Moreover, working memory and academic achievement were significantly higher among bilingual students as compared to monolinguals. Although bilingual students, due to having plenty of linguistic recourses and experiences in phonological in phonological and semantic structures, have a better performance in their working memory and academic achievement assignments as compared to their monolingual counterpart's, they cannot achieve better scores in intelligence tests due to the pivotal role of language as compared to other more effective variables in intelligence scores Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - The Effectiveness Training of Emotional Working Memory on Reducing Behavioral Problems and Behavioral Inhibition in Students
Maryam Ghahraman Ramin Habibi-Kaleybar Abolfazl FaridThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotional memory training on reducing behavioral problems and behavioral inhibition of female high school students. This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotional memory training on reducing behavioral problems and behavioral inhibition of female high school students. This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all first year high school students in the 5th district of Tabriz in the academic year 2017-2018. From this community, a sample of 30 people with behavioral problems was selected based on targeted sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental (15) and control (15) groups. To collect the data, the Ruther Form of parents and teachers' behavioral problems questionnaire Go/NoGo and emotional work memory software were used. Data analysis was performed using covariance statistical analysis. The results showed that teaching emotional working memory has a significant effect on behavioral problems and behavioral inhibition of students (P<0.05). In fact, teaching emotional working memory reduces behavioral problems and improves behavioral inhibition in students. Therefore, according to the results of the present study, emotional memory training plays an important role in behavioral problems and behavioral inhibition in students Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - A review of the effects of exercise on improving memory, learning and reducing the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease
Omidreza Salehi Mahboobeh Yousefian Masoud Kiani Zahra MosalanejadAbestractIntroduction: Alzheimer's disease is the most common age-related disease. ) is. Neurotrophic factors are widely expressed in the brain, but are significantly reduced in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate exercis MoreAbestractIntroduction: Alzheimer's disease is the most common age-related disease. ) is. Neurotrophic factors are widely expressed in the brain, but are significantly reduced in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate exercise in the function of neurotrophins, psychological disorders and reduction of risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.Methods: For this purpose, in all databases, especially Web of Science, Pubmed, Google scholar, SID.IR, Mageiran, with the keywords Exercise training, Memory, Alzhimer risk factors, etc., a search was performed without year limit. The articles were then categorized based on exercise activity on memory and learning as well as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.Results: Among the studies, studies on the effect of exercise on risk factors, neurotrophins, memory and learning were reviewed. Their results showed that exercise depending on the type and intensity with the improvement of neurotrophins, increasing the total antioxidant capacity leads to improved cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease.Conclusion: It seems that long-term and regular exercise has a beneficial effect on neurotrophin mechanisms, improving antioxidant capacity, memory and learning in Alzheimer's disease; However, these effects depend on the intensity and length of the training period, and the mechanism of exercise on oxidative stress in brain tissue is not yet well understood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Investigate the effect of 8 week of Pilates correction exercises on cardiorespiratory fitness and working memory capacity of girle students kyphotic aged 12 to 15 years in Kangavar city
Afsaneh Golshanimahd Kobra JavadifarIntroduction: pilates improves spinal condition at an important level of flexibility and strength. the aim of present study was to Investigate the effect of 8 week of Pilates correction exercises on cardiorespiratory fitness and working memory capacity of girle students MoreIntroduction: pilates improves spinal condition at an important level of flexibility and strength. the aim of present study was to Investigate the effect of 8 week of Pilates correction exercises on cardiorespiratory fitness and working memory capacity of girle students kyphotic aged 12 to 15 years in Kangavar city in 1400.Metodology: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. Twenty-five girle students aged 12 to 15 years with kyphosis were purposefully selected. After eliminating the sick and the final drop, the number of samples reached 15. Students' kyphosis angle was measured with a flexible ruler, cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by a shuttle& run test, and working memory capacity was measured by a computer test. K-S test was used to investigate the normal distribution of data and paired t-test was used to evaluate the changes in research variables at the significance level of α = 0.05 using Spss software, version 16.Results: Based on the results of this study, the means of the three variables; There is a significant difference (p≤0.05) in pretest and posttest memory for working memory capacity (p = 0.000), cardiorespiratory readiness (p = 0.000) and kyphosis angle (p = 0.000). It can be argued that Pilates largely avoids high impact, high power output, and heavy muscular and skeletal loading and this improves physiological and cognitive functions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The Effect of Swimming Training at Different Temperatures with Cinnamon Consumption on Avoidance Memory and Aerobic Power in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Rats
Omidreza Salehi Dariush Sheikholeslami -Vatani Zahra Negarandeh Jalal YarahmadiAbstract Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disease that causes cognitive disorders in addition to physical injuries. The role of physical activity and medical plants in improving memory and physical function has been reported, but the interactive effect of training MoreAbstract Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disease that causes cognitive disorders in addition to physical injuries. The role of physical activity and medical plants in improving memory and physical function has been reported, but the interactive effect of training at different temperatures with Cinnamon consumption has not been known yet. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of swimming (S) training in water at 5 ° C (S5C) and 35 ° C (S35C) with cinnamon (Cin) consumption on avoidance memory, spatial memory and aerobic power of diabetic rats. Material and methods: In this experimental study, 48 diabetic rats (55 mg/kg streptozotocin) were divided into 1) diabetic control (CD), 2) S5C, 3) S5C+Cin, 4) S35C, 5) S35C+Cin and 6) Cin groups. Eight rats were placed in the healthy control (HC) group to investigate the effects of diabetes induction on the research variables. Swimming trainings were performed at 2±5 ° C and 36±2 ° C for eight weeks, 3 days per week and 2-4 minutes in each session. The aqueous extract of cinnamon was 200 mg/kg/day dissolved in drinking water. 48 hours after the last training session, the research variables were measured. Findings: S5C and S35C significantly caused the increase in step through latency (STL), percentage of alteration (PA) and aerobic power as well as decreased time spent in dark compartment (TDC) and repeat dark entrances (RDE) (P≤0.05). Cin caused a significant increase in PA and aerobic power as well as significant decrease in TDC (P≥0.05). Also, S5C+Cin and S35C+Cin significantly increased STL and PA and decreased TDC in diabetic rats (P≥0.05). Conclusion: It seems that swimming training at different temperatures and consuming cinnamon have beneficial effects on the memory and learning of diabetic rats, but since Cin moderated the effects of training, further studies at the molecular- cellular level are recommended. Keywords: Training, Cinnamon, Memory, Aerobic Power, Diabetes Extended abstract Introduction Diabetes mellitus is characterized by abnormal metabolism, decreased insulin secretion, increased insulin resistance, or both (1). This disease is associated with decreased levels of neurotrophins, increased inflammatory factors in the central nervous system following increased oxidative stress (3, 4). Decreased neuroplasticity and neurotrophins are associated with cognitive impairment, decreased balance, decreased aerobic power, and decreased quality of life (5). But exercises improve neurotrophins and memory, increase neuroplasticity and reduce anxiety as well as depression (8). Cinnamon (Cin) also improves memory and learning in Alzheimer's patients with its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, amyloid-beta-reducing effects and improved cerebral circulation (13). In addition, cold pressure has beneficial effects on reducing white adipose tissue and increasing brown adipose tissue (11); however, studies on the effect of training at different temperatures along with Cin on cognitive function are limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of swimming training at different temperatures along with Cin on the avoidance memory, spatial memory and aerobic power of streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods In this experimental study, 48 diabetic rats (55 mg/kg streptozotocin peritoneal injected manufactured by Sigma USA) based on fasting blood glucose divided into1) diabetic control (CD), 2) swimming training in temperatures of 5 ° C (S5C), 3) S5C+Cin, 4) swimming training in temperature 36 ° C (S35C), 5) S35C+Cin, and 6) Cin groups. Also, eight rats were placed in the healthy control (HC) group to investigate the effects of diabetes induction on the research variables. Swimming trainings were performed at 2±5 ° C and 36±2 ° C. Swimming training protocol was five sessions in each week. Each session lasted 2 minutes for the first week. So 30 seconds were added to the training until the training reaches 4 minutes. By the end of the eighth week, the rats trained for 4 minutes at 5 ° C (16, 17). Also, 200 mg/kg of cinnamon (aqueous extract) was added daily to the drinking water of rats (18). The aqueous extract of cinnamon was 200 mg/kg/day dissolved in drinking water. Avoidance memory This test was performed 48 hours after the last training session for two days in two consecutive stages. Habituation session, memory acquisition education and memory recovery test were done in three stages based on the study of Zavvari et al. In the memory recovery phase, the rat was placed in a light chamber, and after 20 seconds, the door was opened. The latency which the animal entered the dark chamber (STL), the time spent in the dark chamber (TDC) and the number of repeat dark entrances (RDE) was recorded for each rat during the test period. The test duration was five minutes (19). Spatial memory This test was performed for 8 minutes using a Y maze in which repeated behaviors were considered as successful and serial entries into all arms in 3 overlapping sets. Thus, the percentage of alteration (PA) was calculated as the maximum alteration (total number of entered arms) multiplied by 100 (19). Aerobic power To measure the aerobic power, rats warmed up on treadmill for 5 minutes at a speed of 6 m/min with zero-degree incline; then the speed increased 3 m/min every 3 minutes until the rats became exhausted and were no longer able to continue. The criterion for reaching VO2max was the inability of rats to continue the training protocol and three consecutive collisions (three times in a period of 1 minute) with the end of the treadmill (20). Statistical analysis The normal distribution of findings was investigated using Shapiro- Wilk test and statistical analysis was performed using independent sample t- test, two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post- hoc test in SPSS software version 22 (P≤0.05). Findings The results of independent sample t- test showed that STL (P=0.001), PA (P=0.001) and VO2max (P=0.001) in HC group were significantly higher than CD group; there was no significant difference in TDC between HC and CD groups (P≥0.05) but RDE in CD group was significantly higher than HC group (P≤0.05). The results of two- way ANOVA test showed that Cin had no significant effect on STL (P=0.85), but S (P=0.001), and interaction of S and Cin significantly increased STL (P=0.04). The results of Bonferroni’s post- hoc test showed that S6C (P=0.001) and S35C (P=0.001) significantly increased STL and there was no significant difference between S6C and S35C (P=0.99). Cin (P=0.01) and S (P=0.001) significantly decreased TDC; moreover, interaction of S and Cin decreased TDC (P=0.03); also, S6C (P=0.02) and S35C (P=0.001) significantly increased TDC and no significant difference was seen between S6C and S35C (P=0.26). Furthermore, Cin (P=0.11) and interaction of S and Cin (P=0.07) had no significant effect on RDE, though, S alone significantly decreased RDE (P=0.002), S6C (P=0.03) and (P=0.002) significantly increased RDE. Also significant difference was not shown between S6C and S35C (P=0.63). In addition, Cin (P=0.001) and S (P=0.001) significantly increased PA, and interaction of S and Cin decreased PA (P=0.001); S6C (P=0.001) and S35C (P=0.001) significantly increased PA and PA levels in S35C group were significantly higher than those of S6C group (P=0.001). Finally, Cin (P=0.02) and S (P=0.001) significantly increased VO2max, but interaction of S and Cin on increase of VO2max was not significant (P=0.67); S6C (P=0.001) and S35C (P=0.001) significantly increased VO2max and no significant difference was seen between S6C and S35C (P=0.99). Discussion The results showed that S5C and S35C improved avoidance memory, spatial memory and aerobic power in diabetic rats. Diabetes increases amyloid levels in neurons of the nervous system by increasing oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, and mitochondrial defects, and also decreases memory and learning by decreasing neuroplasticity (21). However, physical activity and post-exercise cold pressure by cAMP/PKA/NRF1,2 mechanism and increased PGC-1α increases the expression of uncoupling protein 4 (UCP4) and improves neurotrophins (23). Increased lipid metabolism, increased mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis following exercise in hot and cold weather increase aerobic power (22). Cin also increased PA and VO2max and decreased TDC in diabetic rats. Cin can improve lipid metabolism by antioxidant effects, increase cerebral blood flow, phosphorylation of transcription proteins from metabolic genes, and decrease amyloid levels and has an important role in improving neurotrophins, memory and learning (25). Also, Cin through cAMP/PKA/NRF1,2 pathway and through an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis can improve lipid, glucose and insulin metabolism which ultimately leads to improved aerobic power (26). The results showed that the interaction of S5C+Cin and S35C+Cin increased STL and PA and decreased TDC in diabetic rats. There are limited studies on the simultaneous effect of training and consumption of cinnamon on memory and learning, but training in hot and cold weather from cAMP/PKA/NRF1,2, PGC-1α and UCP4 can improve memory (23) and by improving lipids metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis can increase aerobic power (22). Cin also promotes memory and learning through its antioxidant mechanism, increases cerebral blood flow, decreases amyloid beta levels, and improves neurotrophins (25) and the interaction between training and Cin increases aerobic power (26). Not being able to measure the neurotrophins in the nervous system and mitochondrial biogenesis factors are the limitations of this study, so conducting such studies in the future is recommended to researchers. Conclusion The interaction of S5C + Cin and S35C + Cin seems to have beneficial effects on the memory and learning of diabetic rats, however, since cinnamon modulated the effects of training, further studies at the molecular- cellular level are recommended. Ethical Considerations Compliance with ethical guidelines The present study was conducted based on the animal ethical guidelines. Funding No funding. Authors' contributions Design and conceptualization: Omidreza Salehi, Daryosh Sheikholeslami Vatani; Methodology and data analysis: Omidreza Salehi, Zahra Negarandeh, Jalal Yarahmadi; Supervision and final writing: Daryosh Sheikholeslami Vatani. Conflicts of interest The authors declared no conflict of interest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Effect of Alumina Nanoparticles on the Enhancement of Shape Memory, Mechanical and Impact Properties of TPU/ABS blend
Zeinab Sohrabi Abdolhossein Fereidoon Farzaneh Memarian -
Open Access Article
115 - The Effect of Intensive versus Extensive Recasts and Textual Enhancements on Iranian EFL Learners’ Grammatical and Lexical Development: Exploring Students' Perceptions in Online Classes Considering the Role of Working Memory Capacity
Farzaneh Bahadori Mohammad Bavali Mohammad Riasati Samad Mirza Suzani -
Open Access Article
116 - The Persistence of Inflation in Iran: A Fractionally Integrated Approach
hosein amiri aliasghar salem marjaneh beshkhorThe aim of this paper is to analyzing the persistency of inflation in Iran by using a general approach, with the goal of providing a plausible and acceptable explanation. For this, the inflation rate of Iran in period 1937-2016 and on the base of fractionally integrated MoreThe aim of this paper is to analyzing the persistency of inflation in Iran by using a general approach, with the goal of providing a plausible and acceptable explanation. For this, the inflation rate of Iran in period 1937-2016 and on the base of fractionally integrated (FI) approach was modeled and in the later phase inflation memory parameter has been estimated by using classic methods (the Geweke and Porter-Hudak semi parametric method nonlinear least squares, exact maximum likelihood, and a minimum distance estimator) and Bayesian methods. The results of the estimation in both methods show that the inflation rate in Iran is stable. Stability of inflation rates has important implications for policy-making, especially monetary policy, so that due to the impact of economic shocks on inflation, its effects will be last for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to policy makers identify the major sources of distorting inflation, including dependence on oil resources, no attention to the role and function of the reserve fund, the government budget deficit, central bank dependence and the existence of structural problems and consider appropriate approaches in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Effects of Physical and Mental trainings on Short-Term Memory and Information Processing Speed in Elderly Men with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Arsalan Damirchi reza rezaeeshirazi Saeed GhorbaniIntroduction: The purpose of the research was to study of the effectiveness of physical and mental trainings on short-term memory and processing speed in elderly men with MCI.Methodology: 34 participants randomly allocated into three groups were included physical traini MoreIntroduction: The purpose of the research was to study of the effectiveness of physical and mental trainings on short-term memory and processing speed in elderly men with MCI.Methodology: 34 participants randomly allocated into three groups were included physical training (PT; n=11), mental training (MT; n=11) and control group (CG; n=12). The trainings were performed for 8 weeks and three sessions per week. The PT group began running on treadmill from 20 minutes in the 1st to 4rd weeks and was afterward increased to 30 minutes in the 5rd to 8rd weeks. The intensity of the trainings was adjusted based on the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale in the range of 13 to 15.The MT also practiced Smart thinker on the Android operating system on tablets/cellphones and included easy, medium and hard levels. Research variables were measured before and after training, and also 3 months. Statistical analysis was performed using the repeated measure ANOVA followed by bonferroni post-hoc with significance set at P<.05. Results: Finding of bonferroni post-hoc test revealed significantly increase between PT compared with CG (p=.010) and MT compared with CG (p=.001) in post-test of short-term memory variable. Also. it revealed significantly increase between MT compared with PT (p=.030) and CG (p=.001) in post-test of processing speed.Conclusion: Results of the study recommended that 8 weeks of mental and physical trainings have effects on cognitive performance such as short-term memory and processing speed in elderly men with MCI. But, mental training is a more appropriate approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - The Effect of 24-Hour Sleep Deprivation on Reaction time, Working Memory, and Attention in College Students
Iman Ghanbari moslem sharifyAbstract:Sleep is one of the basic human needs that is regulated by homeostatic and circadian processes. The aim of this research is the effect of 24 hours of sleep deprivation on reaction time, working memory and attention in college students. The statistical populatio MoreAbstract:Sleep is one of the basic human needs that is regulated by homeostatic and circadian processes. The aim of this research is the effect of 24 hours of sleep deprivation on reaction time, working memory and attention in college students. The statistical population of the research is all male students of Islamic Azad University, Babol branch. 180 male students who were between 19 and 25 years old volunteered (available sampling) to cooperate with the present research; Among them, 64 people were selected as a statistical sample after initial screenings. The subjects were randomly divided into two control (n=32) and experimental (n=32) groups. The experimental group experienced 24 hours of sleep deprivation. Then from both groups simple and selective reaction time tests, working memory (N-back=1,2) and attention. In order to analyze the data, analysis of covariance and one-way ANCOVA statistical method were used. The results showed that 24 hours of sleep deprivation had no effect on simple and selective retrieval time, working memory (1-back) and selective attention, but there was a significant decrease on working memory (2-back) and divided and sustained attention. Therefore, it can be said that sleep deprivation has a negative effect on some components related to sports performance and causes a decline in sports performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Effect of Electrical Current on Nitinol Medical Staples Shape Memory
Nahid Hasanzadeh Nematy Fatemeh Farhadi Sahar Shapurgan -
Open Access Article
120 - Design and Simulation of 4 Transistors and 2 Memristors Memory with the Least Power and Power-Delay Product
Keramat Karami Sayed Mohammad Ali Zanjani Mehdi DolatshahiMemristor, as a fundamental element of SRAM and DRAM memories, can effectively reduce startup time and power consumption of the circuits. Non-volatility, high density of the final circuit, and reduction of power delay product (PDP) are some of the significant facts of m MoreMemristor, as a fundamental element of SRAM and DRAM memories, can effectively reduce startup time and power consumption of the circuits. Non-volatility, high density of the final circuit, and reduction of power delay product (PDP) are some of the significant facts of memristor circuits, which has led to the suggestion of a memory cell including and four transistors and two memristors (4T2M) in this paper. In order to simulate the proposed memory cell, the length of memristors has been selected 10 nm, and their on/off state resistors have been selected 250 Ω and 10 KΩ respectively. In addition, the proposed memory cell MOS transistors are simulated by the 32 nm CMOS PTM model. Simulation in the HSPICE software with 1V supply voltage and comparison with two conventional six-transistor (6T) and two transistors-two memory (2T2M) cells show that the use of memristors has made the proposed memory cell and 2T2M cell non-volatile. Moreover, the power consumption of the proposed circuit has decreased by 99.8% and 57.2%, compared to the previous two circuits respectively, and the power average delay product has also improved by 99.4% and 26.7%, respectively; however, the writing delay of this cell and 2T2M cell increased by 400% and 218% compared to 6T cell, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Design of 4 Transistors and 1 Memristor Hybrid Nonvolatile Memory Cell with Low Power, High Speed, and High Density
Arash Alijani Behzad Ebrahimi Massoud DoustiMemristor is the fourth fundamental element after resistor, capacitor, and inductor. Memristor can become an essential element of SRAM and DRAM caches because of its zero power consumption in data storage and non-volatile state. It can effectively improve the efficiency MoreMemristor is the fourth fundamental element after resistor, capacitor, and inductor. Memristor can become an essential element of SRAM and DRAM caches because of its zero power consumption in data storage and non-volatile state. It can effectively improve the efficiency, speed, and power consumption of circuits. In this paper, we propose a 4T1M memory cell reducing the cell area by maintaining the maximum properties of 6T1M. To simulate the proposed memory cell, the length of the memristors is 10 nm, and the resistance of their on and off states is selected as 1 kΩ and 200 kΩ, respectively. Also, the cell MOS transistors are simulated by the 32 nm HP CMOS PTM model. Simulations in H-Spice software, at 0.9 V power supply, have been conducted to compare the proposed cell characteristics with two conventional six-transistor (6T) and six-transistor one-memristor (6T1M) cells. The results show that using a memristor in a memory cell causes zero power consumption during data storage for a long time and reduces the occupied area by 36.7% compared to the 6T1M cell. The speed of writing “1” data on the proposed cell is only 30 ps, which shows a 3-fold improvement compared to the 6T1M cell, but no significant change is observed when writing “0” data. The static power of the proposed cell is 133 times less than that of a six-transistor cell, and its dynamic power is about the same as the 6T1M cell, but it consumes 60 times less energy than a six-transistor cell. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Space memory and identity: The case of Germany
Mohammad hosein Ramesht Barbara Sponholz Fatemeh Nematollahi -
Open Access Article
123 - Improving the seismic performance of the butterfly slit damper using a nitinol shape memory alloy in the diagonal CBF brace
farzad vafadar Vahid Broujerdian ali ghamariReinforcement of structures is not cost-effective despite plastic deformation in the main members. Therefore, this defect can be solved by adding dampers. The function of the damper is in such a way that before the bracing member, it surrenders and prevents the creation MoreReinforcement of structures is not cost-effective despite plastic deformation in the main members. Therefore, this defect can be solved by adding dampers. The function of the damper is in such a way that before the bracing member, it surrenders and prevents the creation of a plastic joint in it. Although the existence of a damper improves the seismic behavior, it does not affect the reversibility of the structure, and their repair after an earthquake is sometimes accompanied by problems due to permanent changes in the entire structure. Shape memory alloys (SMA) as smart materials compensate for many shortcomings of current energy consuming systems. The effect of shape memory system, elastic behavior, inherent damping and high strength are the most important characteristics of these alloys. In this research, a new type of slit damper (under the title of butterfly slit damper) has been analyzed in four groups with different dimensional ratios h1/h and b1/b, with and without SMA, by adding bar-type SMA and placing it in such a way that in loads Compressive and tensile force created in the brace, there is always a tensile force in a number of SMAs. In the proposed combination, the diagonal element under the effect of tensile and compressive force causes cutting in the slit damper and tension in the SMA.The results showed that the use of SMA, in addition to increasing the hardness and resistance of the system, creates the ability to accept and eliminate the phenomenon of buckling of the brace under pressure Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Improving the Seismic Performance of the Butterfly Slit Damper Using a Nitinol Shape Memory Alloy in the Diagonal CBF Brace
farzad vafadar Vahid Broujerdian Ali GhamiriReinforcement of structures is not cost-effective despite plastic deformation in the main members. Therefore, this defect can be solved by adding dampers. The function of the damper is in such a way that before the bracing member, it surrenders and prevents the creation MoreReinforcement of structures is not cost-effective despite plastic deformation in the main members. Therefore, this defect can be solved by adding dampers. The function of the damper is in such a way that before the bracing member, it surrenders and prevents the creation of a plastic joint in it. Although the existence of a damper improves the seismic behavior, it does not affect the reversibility of the structure, and their repair after an earthquake is sometimes accompanied by problems due to permanent changes in the entire structure. Shape memory alloys (SMA) as smart materials compensate for many shortcomings of current energy consuming systems. The effect of shape memory system, elastic behavior, inherent damping and high strength are the most important characteristics of these alloys. In this research, a new type of slit damper (under the title of butterfly slit damper) has been analyzed in four groups with different dimensional ratios h1/h and b1/b, with and without SMA, by adding bar-type SMA and placing it in such a way that in loads Compressive and tensile force created in the brace, there is always a tensile force in a number of SMAs. In the proposed combination, the diagonal element under the effect of tensile and compressive force causes cutting in the slit damper and tension in the SMA. The results showed that the use of SMA, in addition to increasing the hardness and resistance of the system, creates the ability to accept and eliminate the phenomenon of buckling of the brace under pressure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The Effect of SMA Damper on Energy Dissipation and Eduction of Vibration Amplitude of Multi-Story Steel Frames
Ali Seyedkazemi milad esmaeili saman eftekhar ardabili morteza hoseinali beygiIn recent years, the idea of using durable materials which are capable of absorbing energy and have high ductility are highlighted in structural engineering. One example of these materials is shape memory alloys which show predefined physical properties in different c MoreIn recent years, the idea of using durable materials which are capable of absorbing energy and have high ductility are highlighted in structural engineering. One example of these materials is shape memory alloys which show predefined physical properties in different conditions. These materials show little residual strain under loading and unloading cycles even when passing through the yield area. In fact, they create regenerative forces in structures. In this study, the effect of shape memory alloys on energy dissipation and reducing vibration amplitude of multi-story steel frame is investigated. For the present purpose, shape memory alloy rebars are used in the middle of the diagonal elements of braces. ABAQUS software is used in the present study. To validate models, first, two-story braced frame with shape memory alloy used in the laboratory studies of Han et al (2003) is modeled and analyzed in the software. The results obtained by the two laboratory and analytical methods are in acceptable agreement. To investigate the effect of height on the seismic performance of the buildings equipped with this type of dampers, 3- and 12-story buildings were considered and reciprocating nonlinear analysis and nonlinear dynamic time history analysis using Tabas accelerogram were performed. Results show that using this type of dampers cause quick energy dissipation and a significant reduction in the vibration amplitude and base shear so that the existence of shape memory alloy in 3-story building makes the ability of the structural system in dissipating energy and the initial stiffness of the system increase 2.5 and 2 times respectively. Moreover, with an increase in height, its effectiveness in controlling the seismic response of structure is reduced between 10-15 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Evaluating the seismic performance of steel-sma hybrid Bracing structures
mohammad hooshmand behzad rafezi jafar khalileAlafiIn this study the seismic performance of hybrid braces composed of steel and shaped- memory alloys (SMA). is investigated Six types of hybrid braces were used, constituted by SMA content of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%. A nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed under El MoreIn this study the seismic performance of hybrid braces composed of steel and shaped- memory alloys (SMA). is investigated Six types of hybrid braces were used, constituted by SMA content of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%. A nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed under El Centro earthquake records, with the maximum acceleration of 0.6g and 0.9g. Our results showed that the seismic performance, i.e., the amount of energy absorption and residual strain, of steel–SMA hybrid braces depends on the SMA content. The optimal value of SMA content was 20%, as, at this concentration, a hybrid brace can be designed with good seismic performance at a justifiable fabrication cost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - The Effect of Educational Computer Games on the Metacognitive Skills of Students in Biology
Mahdi Vahedi Mohammad Javad Karami Esmaeil Zareii ZavarakiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational computer games on the metacognitive skills of the 10th grade students in Biology. Regarding this goal, research hypotheses about the effect of educational computer games on some metacognitive components MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of educational computer games on the metacognitive skills of the 10th grade students in Biology. Regarding this goal, research hypotheses about the effect of educational computer games on some metacognitive components including learning motivation, self-regulation learning and student's meta-memory were studied. The statistical population of the study was all male students of the 10th grade in the field of empirical sciences in school year 2016-17, in secondary schools in Qom, District 1. Students of one of the state-run high schools were selected as sample by available sampling method. The present study is applied in terms of its purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of its method. The pretest-posttest method was performed with two groups of control and experiment. For all three hypotheses in this study, covariance test with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Levene test were used for pretest and control group. The results showed that educational computer games, besides that had a positive effect on learning motivation and self-regulation learning as the meta-cognitive components of students, they also strengthen their meta-memory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - The effect of online multi-user educational computer games on active memory and innovative performance of dyslexic students
Mahshid Tajrobrh Kar Niloofat GholamipourIn terms of purpose, this research is applied and is classified as a semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test type of research with a control group. The statistical population included all dyslexic students in the fourth grade of Kerman city in the academic year 2021-20 MoreIn terms of purpose, this research is applied and is classified as a semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test type of research with a control group. The statistical population included all dyslexic students in the fourth grade of Kerman city in the academic year 2021-2022. 50 students were randomly selected and randomly divided into two groups of 25, experimental and control. The data measurement tool was the active memory capacity questionnaire and the innovation-based performance questionnaire, which were completed by the subjects before and after the intervention. After data collection, data analysis was done using spss25 software and analysis of covariance. The results showed that in the subscales of working memory, the average of the measurement variable (53.6000) in the post-test of the experimental group was reported as the highest average. Also, in the post-test of the experimental group, the highest mean for processing (52.6800), creativity and innovation (21.6400) and use of new opportunities (21.0800) were reported, respectively, which shows an increase in the mean of the post-test of the experimental group. To pre-test this group. In general, online multi-user educational computer games have a significant effect on active memory and innovative performance of dyslexic fourth grade elementary students (p≤0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - پتانسیل های تقویت حافظه عصاره هیدروالکلی Eragrostis tremula Hochst. exSteud (Poaceae) در موش
عبداله نظیفی محمد گربا موسی علیو نوحو محمد دانجوماBackground & Aim:Cognitive impairment is one of the age-related mental problems and a typical indicator of neurodegeneration. Eragrostis tremula Hochst. ex Steud. is a commonly used medicinal plant in Nigeria for memory enhancement. This study, therefore, aimed at e MoreBackground & Aim:Cognitive impairment is one of the age-related mental problems and a typical indicator of neurodegeneration. Eragrostis tremula Hochst. ex Steud. is a commonly used medicinal plant in Nigeria for memory enhancement. This study, therefore, aimed at evaluating the memory-enhancing potential of aqueous ethanolic extract of E. tremula in mice. Experimental: Classes of phytochemicals present in the extract were determined using standard protocol while its oral median lethal dose (LD50) in mice was estimated. The effect of E. tremula extract (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) on learning and memory was evaluated in mice using behavioural paradigms: elevated plus maze (EPM), novel object recognition and Barnes maze. Open field and hole-board tests were also carried out to evaluate locomotion. Results: The phytochemical constituents of E. tremula were alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and triterpenes. Oral LD50 was estimated to be >5000 mg/kg. E. tremula extract significantly (P<0.05) decreased the transfer latency of mice during the retention phase of EPM test. In the novel object recognition test, it significantly (P<0.05) increased the discrimination index. In Barnes maze test, the extract significantly (P<0.05) decreased the mean primary errors during the acquisition trials. It also significantly (P<0.05) decreased the primary latency, primary error and increased the time spent in the target quadrant during the probe trial. E. tremula extract significantly (P<0.05) decreased the immobility time of mice in an open field at 250 mg/kg, while in the hole-board test, it significantly (P<0.05) increased the mean head-dip of mice at 125 mg/kg when compared to the negative control. Recommended applications/industries: The ethanol extract of E. tremula possesses memory enhancing properties which can be utilized in the management of amnesia and cognitive deficit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - تاثیر تقویت حافظه عصاره متانولی ساقه Parquetina nigrescens در موش
محمود بخاری آیشاتو شهو یحیی محمد سانی گاربا محمد ماگاجیBackground and Aim: Parquetina nigrescens is an important plant in the Southwestern part of Nigeria used as memory enhancer. This study aimed to investigate the memory enhancing effect of the methanol stem extract of P. nigrescens (MSEPN). Experimental: Phytochemi MoreBackground and Aim: Parquetina nigrescens is an important plant in the Southwestern part of Nigeria used as memory enhancer. This study aimed to investigate the memory enhancing effect of the methanol stem extract of P. nigrescens (MSEPN). Experimental: Phytochemical screening was carried out on the extract and the oral median lethal dose (LD50) determined using the OECD 425 limit test. The effects of MPN (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) on learning and memory was evaluated in elevated plus maze (EPM), Barnes maze (BM) and novel object recognition test (NORT). The locomotive activity was studied using the open field test (OFT). The antiamnesic effect of the extract was assessed in EPM. Results: The phytochemical constituents in MSEPN were tannins, saponins, phenolics, carbohydrates and unsaturated sterols. The LD50 was ≥ 5000mg/kg. Piracetam and the extract significantly (p≤0.05) decreased transfer latencies (TL) on day 1 and 2 in EPM. In the BM, the escape latencies and escape errors were decreased significantly (p≤ 0.05, p≤ 0.01) at 250 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively. The time spent in target quadrant (TSQ) was significantly (p≤ 0.01) increased at 250 and 500 mg/kg of extract. Piracetam significantly decreased escape latency (p≤ 0.05), escape errors (p ≤ 0.01) and increased TSQ. Discrimination index in the NORT was significantly (p ≤ 0.01) increased. The extract did not significantly alter the number of square cross (NSC) and rearing (NR) but significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased TL increased by diazepam on day 1. Piracetam increased NSC and NR and significantly (p≤ 0.01, p≤ 0.05) decreased TL on day 1 and 2 in EPM. Recommended applications/industries: The memory enhancing potential of MSEPN can be applied in the treatment of amnesia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - نگاه اجمالی بر ترجمه شفاهی پی در پی
حسین رحمان پناهدر ترجمه شفاهی پیاپی در ابتدا سخنران جملات کوتاهی را ادا می کند و سپس مکث می کند تا مترجم کار ترجمه رو شروع کرده و آن ها را برای حاضران بیان کند. به عبارت دیگر، در ترجمه شفاهی، مترجم شفاهی به بخشی از صحبتهای یک سخنران که به زبان مبدأ ارائه میشود گوش داده و یادداش Moreدر ترجمه شفاهی پیاپی در ابتدا سخنران جملات کوتاهی را ادا می کند و سپس مکث می کند تا مترجم کار ترجمه رو شروع کرده و آن ها را برای حاضران بیان کند. به عبارت دیگر، در ترجمه شفاهی، مترجم شفاهی به بخشی از صحبتهای یک سخنران که به زبان مبدأ ارائه میشود گوش داده و یادداشتبرداری میکند. این یادداشتها صرفاً برای کمک به حافظه بکاربرده میشوند و تمام آنچه را گوینده بیان نموده است بصورت کلمه به کلمه شامل نمیشوند. یعنی با مکث سخنران، مترجم شفاهی فرصتی برای ترجمه انچه شنیده است ، پیدا میکند. بنابراین مترجم شفاهی پیاپی به مهارتهایی چون حضورذهن بالا، حافظه و ذهن قوی، اعتماد به نفس ارتقا یافته و تسلط وافر به دو زبان مبدا و مقصد نیاز مند است. در این مقاله، محقق با مروری بر مدل های اخیر ترجمه شفاهی پیاپی و استراتژی هایی که مترجم شفاهی در حین ترجمه از انها بهره مند میگردد، به اهمیت نقش حافظه ، یادداشت برداری و ویژگیهای شخصیتی مترجم شفاهی پرداخته و راهکارهایی را برای ارتقا این عوامل پیشنهاد میکند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Genetic Algorithm Based on Explicit Memory for Solving Dynamic Problems
Majid Mohammadpour Hamid Parvin -
Open Access Article
133 - An Improvement in WRP Block Replacement Policy with Reviewing and Solving its Problems
Davood Akbari Bengar Hoshang Jazayeri Rad Golnaz Berenjian -
Open Access Article
134 - Qualitative study of the status of organizational intelligence development as a competitive advantage Training sessions
Reza Yarveysi Nazem Fatah Khadije Abolmaali hoseiniThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the qualitative status of organizational development development as a competitive advantage in educational research centers in terms of applied purpose and in terms of method and method of implementation, qualitative s MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the qualitative status of organizational development development as a competitive advantage in educational research centers in terms of applied purpose and in terms of method and method of implementation, qualitative studies and documentary survey method. The statistical population of the information sources (including books, articles and electronic resources) and all studies in the field of organizational intelligence between 1992 and 2017 at home and abroad that were available electronically, as well as written books In the context of organizational intelligence. In the study of texts, qualitative analysis of the text by deductive-inductive method and the method of the analysis of the content were used. The results of the research show that the idea of organizational intelligence has been presented in different fields of research in several decades. Despite the emergence of organizational intelligence in academic circles, there is still no clear definition of this, and few studies in this area do not address the many questions that exist in this area. Also, findings indicate that organizational intelligence has increased knowledge gains in organizations and increased the benefits of new competition, which can be an important step for improving the efficiency, effectiveness and efficiency of the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - The impact of organizational memory on Agility human resources In the Tehran Municipality Traffic Transportation
sediqe totiyan esfeani asadolah merara amin saberi badrAgility is a new method for the pioneer organizations in the competitive environment. In total quality management, if Agility is not regarded in an organization, it will fail. Continuous improvement (kaizen) occurs when the employees are provided with necessary informat MoreAgility is a new method for the pioneer organizations in the competitive environment. In total quality management, if Agility is not regarded in an organization, it will fail. Continuous improvement (kaizen) occurs when the employees are provided with necessary information and be trusted by the management so that their skills and capabilities could be used. Thus, the main of the research is to study the effects of organizational memory on Agility of the employees at Transportation Department of Tehran Municipality. In order to study the research a hypothesis, the questionnaire derives from Mishra’s Agility scale (1992) and the standard model of organizational memory developed by Dunham and Burt (2011) were distributed among 369 employees at Tehran urban& suburban railway operatio co branches across the city of Tehran. In order to analyze the data from the questionnaires, the linear regression method was used. It was found that organizational memory with its all dimensions including social and political knowledge, job knowledge, external networks, history and knowledge of industry affect positively and significantly on the Agility of employees at Tehran’s Tehran urban& suburban railway operatio co branches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر استقرار مدیریت دانش در بانک کشاورزی استان قم
محمد اسماعیلی مهرداد نیکنامی علی بدرقه هدف کلی پژوهش حاضر بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر استقرار مدیریت دانش در بانک کشاورزی استان قم بود. پژوهش حاضر از نظر نحوه گردآوری داده ها علی-ارتباطی بود. ضمن اینکه پژوهش یک نوع پژوهش میدانی بود و از نظر کنترل متغیرها غیر آزمایشی و برآورد حجم نمونه بر اساس جدول مورگان و جمع More هدف کلی پژوهش حاضر بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر استقرار مدیریت دانش در بانک کشاورزی استان قم بود. پژوهش حاضر از نظر نحوه گردآوری داده ها علی-ارتباطی بود. ضمن اینکه پژوهش یک نوع پژوهش میدانی بود و از نظر کنترل متغیرها غیر آزمایشی و برآورد حجم نمونه بر اساس جدول مورگان و جمع آوری اطلاعات مورد نیاز از طریق تکمیل پرسشنامه صورت گرفته است. جامعة آماری تحقیق شامل مدیران، کارشناسان و کمک کارشناسان بانک کشاورزی استان قم می­باشد که بر اساس آمار حدود 250 نفر می باشد. حجم نمونه آماری بر اساس جدول مورگان محاسبه شد(152n=). برای تعیین پایایی پرسشنامه به اجرای پیش آزمون با توزیع 20 پرسشنامه در بین جامعه آماری مشابه با جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه اقدام شد و سپس جهت تأیید روایی محتوایی پرسشنامه از دید خبرگان، پرسشنامه جهت مطالعه توزیع گردید که پس از مشورت های لازم و پیشنهاد خبرگان سوالات نامفهوم تعدیل یا حذف شده و سوالات جدید به پرسشنامه اضافه شد و در نهایت پرسشنامه اصلی بعد از این مراحل تدوین و توزیع شد و مقدار آلفای کرونباخ آن 81/0 بدست آمد. به منظور دستیابی به اهداف تحقیق و سؤالات از آمار توصیفی فراوانی، میانگین، واریانس، انحراف معیار و در بخش آمار استنباطی از آزمون های همبستگی و رگرسیون چندگانه به کمک نرم­افزار آماری SPSSاستفاده شد. بر اساس یافته های موجود بین متغیرهای مستقل فرهنگ سازمانی، منابع دانشی، حافظه سازمانی و تکنولوژی اطلاعات و متغیر وابسته استقرار مدیریت دانش در سطح یک درصد ارتباط معنی داری وجود دارد و مقدار ضریب تعیین تعدیل شده، 632/0 بدست آمد و این یافته تحقیق نشان می دهد که 2/63درصد از تغییرات متغیر وابسته توسط متغیرهای مستقل (فرهنگ سازمانی، منابع دانشی، حافظه سازمانی و تکنولوژی اطلاعات ) تبیین می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Finite Element Analysis of the Pseudo-elastic Behavior of Shape Memory Alloy Truss and Beam
Kamal M. Bajoria Surajit Das -
Open Access Article
138 - Providing A Model For Employee Knowledge Management With An Organizational Learning Approach (Case Study Of Tehran Municipality)
pejman salehi bijan solimanpourObjective: The purpose of this research is to provide a new model for knowledge management in a case study of Tehran Municipality.Methodology: This is an applied research that was conducted in a combined (qualitative-quantitative) method. statistical population of emplo MoreObjective: The purpose of this research is to provide a new model for knowledge management in a case study of Tehran Municipality.Methodology: This is an applied research that was conducted in a combined (qualitative-quantitative) method. statistical population of employees with a bachelor's degree or higher in Tehran Municipality and its affiliated companies and organizations were studied. The statistical sample included 379 academic and organizational experts working in Tehran municipality in 2021, who were selected using systematic random sampling.Results: Based on the results of this research, some of the important components of presenting a new model for knowledge management of Tehran municipality employees with an organizational learning approach are human resources and management, organizational strategy and structure, information technology, knowledge processes, organizational processes and organizational culture. Also, some other research findings indicate that the average score of each of these mentioned components in Tehran municipality was lower than average. Also, some other research findings indicate that the average score of each of these components in Tehran municipality was lower than average.Conclusion: The present research has presented and tested a model that has expressed the role of the key variables of knowledge and learning, which were only partially and independently paid attention to in previous researches. In order to implement knowledge management in Tehran municipality with the organizational learning approach, the determination of determined components such as human resources and management, strategy and organizational structure, information technology, knowledge processes, etc. should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Effect of neurotrophic effect of Rifampicin on memory impairment in male Wistar Rat model of ischemia / reperfusion
Sogol Shakibania Zahra Nadia Sharifi Shabnam MovassaghiBackground: spatial memory impairment is seen after brain ischemic. The hippocampus is one of the most sensitive parts of the brain following ischemia. Oxidative stress and inflammation after cerebral ischemia damage the hippocampal neurons and cause spatial memory diso MoreBackground: spatial memory impairment is seen after brain ischemic. The hippocampus is one of the most sensitive parts of the brain following ischemia. Oxidative stress and inflammation after cerebral ischemia damage the hippocampal neurons and cause spatial memory disorder. Rifampicin has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. This study reviews the neurotrophic effects of the drug following post traumatic brain damage. Material and methods: Animals were divided into 4 groups: control, ischemic-vehicle and experimental. In the experimental group, rifampicin was injected intraperitoneally (20 mg / kg) at the onset of reperfusion and 24 hours after reperfusion. Ischemia / reperfusion was induced by bilateral closure of the common carotid artery for 20 minutes. Morris water maze and nissl staining were used for all groups. Results: Results showed that rifampicin (20 mg / kg) reduced the time and distance needed to find a platform in Morris water maze and increase the number of survival pyramidal cells following ischemia. There was a significant difference between the control group and the ischemic and vehicle groups, but this difference was not significant between the control group and the experimental group. Conclusion: In addition to the neurotrophic effects of Rifampicin on the tissue structure of the CA1 region of the hippocampus, this drug improves the spatial memory function after transient ischemia / reperfusion. Therefore it seems that rifampicin can be considered as one of the appropriate drug for treatment of brain-ischemic Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - The effect of menthol on learning, spatial memory and GABBR2 gene expression in male epileptic rats with pentylenetetrazole
Azadeh Karimi Anjiraki Ramesh Ahmadi Hamid reza MohajeraniBackground:There is a relationship between epilepsy and decreased daily memory, learning and behavioral disorders, so in this study, the effect of menthol on learning and spatial memory and GABA receptor gene expression in epileptic rats was investigated.Materials and M MoreBackground:There is a relationship between epilepsy and decreased daily memory, learning and behavioral disorders, so in this study, the effect of menthol on learning and spatial memory and GABA receptor gene expression in epileptic rats was investigated.Materials and Methods: In this study, 60 male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 10, including control , ethanol, pTZ (37.5 mg / kg), menthol (30 mg / kg) and ethanol + PTZ and Menthol + PTZ groups Chemical kindling was performed over a 28-day period with 14 injections of pentylenetetrazole every other day, then spatial learning and memory were tested by the Morris water maze .Then, the animals were anesthetized and their brains were isolated for GABBR2 gene expression. For statistical analysis of data, one-way and two-way ANOVA and Tukey test were used at a significant level of P <0.05. Delta CT test was used to express the gene.Finding: PTZ decreased learning and memory and menthol was able to prevent this defect and increase learning and memory, also menthol was able to increase GABBR2 gene expression in epileptic rats. Conclusion: Pretreatment with menthol significantly reduced the incidence of epilepsy in epileptic rats with pentylenetetrazole. Menthol increased learning, spatial memory, and GABA receptor gene expression in epileptic rats, Therefore, menthol may be a suitable choice for the treatment and reduction of learning and memory disorders caused by epilepsy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - تأثیر متقابل ظرفیت حافظه کاری با آموزش راهبرد فراشناختی ضمنی و آشکار
Parisa Mohamadpour امید طباطباییاین مطالعه به بررسی تأثیر متقابل آموزش راهبرد فراشناختی ضمنی و صریح و ظرفیت حافظه فعال فراگیران پرداخته است. بدین منظور 63 زبانآموز انگلیسی به عنوان شرکتکننده بر اساس آزمون تعیین سطح مشخص شده و به شکل تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایشی (آموزش راهبرد فراشناختی ضمنی و آشکار) و Moreاین مطالعه به بررسی تأثیر متقابل آموزش راهبرد فراشناختی ضمنی و صریح و ظرفیت حافظه فعال فراگیران پرداخته است. بدین منظور 63 زبانآموز انگلیسی به عنوان شرکتکننده بر اساس آزمون تعیین سطح مشخص شده و به شکل تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایشی (آموزش راهبرد فراشناختی ضمنی و آشکار) و دو گروه کنترل (فعال و غیرفعال) قرار گرفتند. در گروه آموزش صریح، یک مدل دستورالعمل راهبرد فراشناختی آشکار اجرا شد و گروه ضمنی دستورالعملهایی را بر اساس یک مدل دستورالعمل راهبرد فراشناختی تلویحی دریافت کرد. همه شرکتکنندگان در آزمونهای اندازه گیری عمل کرد حافظه فعال و همچنین بخش درک شنیداری PET شرکت کردند. آنها همچنین بخش شنیداری FCE را به عنوان آزمون انتقال دریافت کردند. نتایج نشان داد در حالی که دستورالعملهای راهبردی فراشناختی ضمنی و آشکار به طور معنی دار به عملکرد درک شنیداری منجر میشوند، آموزش صریح از اندازه اثر بزرگتری برخوردار است. تغییرات درک شنیداری در گروه کنترل فعال معنی دار نبود که نشان دهنده مثبت نبودن نتیجه در اثر صرفاً ارائه راهبردها بدون زمینه سازی در عمل بود. ظرفیت حافظه فعال همچنین نشان داد در پیشبینی بهبود درک شنیداری در گروه آموزش صریح قدرت بیشتری دارد. این مطالعه نشان داد آموزش راهبردی فراشناخت ضمنی برای فراگیرانی که ظرفیت محدود حافظه فعال یا ظرفیت حافظه فعال ناهمگن دارند بسیار بهتر عمل میکند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Autobiographical memory and early schemas of abused children prediction of quality of life
Tahere Mohammadi Mohammad Ali Mazaheri Mahmood Heidarihe purposes of this study were to compare autobiographical memory, early schemas and the quality of life between abused and non-abused children and to predict their quality of life. Fifty boys and girls aged between 8 and 12 who according to school authorities reports w Morehe purposes of this study were to compare autobiographical memory, early schemas and the quality of life between abused and non-abused children and to predict their quality of life. Fifty boys and girls aged between 8 and 12 who according to school authorities reports were physically abused by their family members, and 50 children without history of abuse were selected using convenience sampling from 16th district of Tehran. Each group consisted of 25 Iranian and 25 Afghan children. The participants completed the Autobiographical Memory Task (AMT, Williams & Broadbent, 1986), the Schema Inventory for Children (Rijkeboer & deBoo, 2009), and the Kidscreen-27 (European Public Health Perspective, 2004). The data were analyzed by multivariate chi-square, t-test and multiple regression. The results indicated that 1) child abuse was not related to the type of memories by children, though it was associated with more nonspecific memories in positive and neutral words, 2) there were significant differences between two groups in schemas and quality of life, and 3) schemas could predict quality of life. The findings suggested the role of schemas in identifying at-risk children and controlling their conditions of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - The Efficacy of Working Memory Computer Assisted Program on Executive Functions Improvement in Deaf Students
Sakineh Soltani Kohbanani Parviz Sharifi Daramadithe present study examined the effects of working memory computer assisted program on improving executive functions of deaf students. Eighteen male deaf students were selected and randomly assigned to either experimental or control groups. Students were administered Str Morethe present study examined the effects of working memory computer assisted program on improving executive functions of deaf students. Eighteen male deaf students were selected and randomly assigned to either experimental or control groups. Students were administered Stroop Test (Stroop, 1935), Continuous Performance test (Rosvold, Mirsky, Sarason, Bransom, & Beck, 1965), the computerized version of Tower of London Test (Morris, Ahmed, Sted, & Toone, 1993), and the Working Memory Test (Cornoldi & Vecchia, 1995). The experimental group received 20 training sessions (45 minutes a session) of working memory computer assisted program (Bokharayian, 2010). The results of t tests indicated experimental group performed better than the control group. Furthermore, one month follow-up indicated no change in executive function scores of deaf students. The findings suggested the effect of working memory computer assisted program on improving of executive functions of deaf students Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - comparison of prospective memory and metamemory between normal and ocd individuals in non clinical population
Mojde Poordana Seyed Ali Mohammad Mousavi Abdoljavad Ahmadithis study aimed to compare prospective memory and meta-memory (feeling- of- knowing judgments) of normal individuals and individuals with OCD. The participants were 100 students of Imam Khomeini International University in Tehran and Islamic Azad University Karaj Branc Morethis study aimed to compare prospective memory and meta-memory (feeling- of- knowing judgments) of normal individuals and individuals with OCD. The participants were 100 students of Imam Khomeini International University in Tehran and Islamic Azad University Karaj Branch. To assess the severity of OCD symptoms, the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (Hodgson &Rachman, 1977) was used. Prospective memory, memory and metamemory performance were assessed by the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (Crawford, Smith, Della Sala, Logie, Maylor, 2003) and the neutral and threat related material (adapted from Tuna, Tekcan, & Topcuoglu, 2005) respectively. The result of independent t–test indicated that the normal group had better scores in prospective memory than OCD group. The results of Manova indicated that meta-memory performance is better in normal group in comparison to OCD group but there wasn’t any difference between two groups in memory performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - The Effectiveness of Self-regulation Training on Executive Functions of Students with Learning Disabilities
Zeynab Khanjani Reza Faraji Paria FaroughiThis study examined the effectiveness of self-regulation training on executive functions (working memory and planning) of elementary students with learning disabilities in Saghez. The study design was quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest control group. Sixty 8 a MoreThis study examined the effectiveness of self-regulation training on executive functions (working memory and planning) of elementary students with learning disabilities in Saghez. The study design was quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest control group. Sixty 8 and 9 year old students with learning disabilities were selected using random sampling. The participants were randomly assigned into either experimental or control group. To measure the study variables the Andre Rey Tests (1942) and the numeral memory subscale of the Wechsler Intelligence Test (1974) were used. The results of analysis of covariance indicated that the experimental group had a significant increase in scores of organizing and working memory compared with the control group. The findings suggested the effectiveness of self-regulation training on executive functions of elementary students with learning disabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - The Effectiveness of Emotional Working Memory Training on Execution Functions of Adolescents with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Zobair Samimi Jafar Hasani Moslem Kord Tamini Mahdi Parooi T The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional working memory training on execution functions in adolescent with posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD). Based on a single case multiple-baselines design, 3 adolescents (1 male, 2 female More T The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional working memory training on execution functions in adolescent with posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD). Based on a single case multiple-baselines design, 3 adolescents (1 male, 2 females) were selected from one of the educational child center of city of Karaj by available sampling using SCID-I and IES-R. The participants received 20 sessions of emotional working memory training. The participants were assessed during three stages (pre-training, training, and 2- month follow up) by the Wechsler Digit Span Test (direct and reverse) and the Go/No Go Task. The data were analyzed using the indices for trend changes, slope and the visual inspection of the charts. The Cohen's d, recovery percent index, and effect size were used to determine the clinical significance. The results indicated that emotional working memory training increased the participants’ working memory and inhibition abilities from pre-training stage to follow up stage. The findings suggest that emotional working memory training may be an appropriate choice for increasing the execution functions of adolescents with PTSD. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - The Effect of Stress Induction on Failure and Working Memory: The Role of Cognitive Flexibility
Parisa Sharifi Seyyed AliMohammad Mousavi Mojtaba DehghanThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stress induction on cognitive failure and working memory with regard to the role of cognitive flexibility. The study used a quasi-experimental design of pretest - posttest groups. The study population were femal MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stress induction on cognitive failure and working memory with regard to the role of cognitive flexibility. The study used a quasi-experimental design of pretest - posttest groups. The study population were female students who lived in dormitories of Imam Khomeini International University of Qazvin, which 100 of them selected by convenience sampling, and of these, 44 participants (22 participants with highly cognitive flexibility and 22 participants with lower cognitive flexibility) were entered into the final analysis. For data collection, Working Memory Test )Daneman & Carpenter, 1980), Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (Broadbent, Cooper, Fitzgeral & Parkes, 1982), and Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (Dennis & VanderWal, 2010) was used. The findings showed that after stress induction, there was a significant difference between the two groups with high cognitive flexibility and low cognitive flexibility in terms of performance of the mental processing part of working memory and three dimensions of cognitive failure including distraction, memory problems and action slips. However, under conditions of stress experience, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of mental storage and not remembering names. Therefore, it can be concluded that stress experiences affect mental processing of working memory and most dimensions of cognitive failures, but this is dependent on the level of cognitive flexibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Based skills in children with mathematics disability and co-morbid mathematics and reading disability
Anoosheh Aminzadeh Hamidreza HassanabadiThe purpose of this study was to assess basic skills in 103 fourth- grade students with math disability based on Iran Key Math (Hooman & Mohamadesmael, 2002) and co-morbid mathematics and reading disability based on word reading sub test of Reading Test (Kormi-Nouri MoreThe purpose of this study was to assess basic skills in 103 fourth- grade students with math disability based on Iran Key Math (Hooman & Mohamadesmael, 2002) and co-morbid mathematics and reading disability based on word reading sub test of Reading Test (Kormi-Nouri & Moradi, 2008). The sample consisted of three IQ homogenate groups: Children with mathematics disability and average reading ability (n= 24), children with co-morbid mathematics and reading disability (n=24) and children with average achievement in mathematics and reading (n=26). The basic skills were phonological processing, temporal-auditory processing, phonological short-term /working memory. ANOVA and Post Hoc tests (Tukey) results indicated that children with math disability and average reading ability performed worse than average group in temporal-auditory processing. Overall, deficits in phonological processing, temporal- auditory and phonological short-term memory had more influences on co-morbid mathematics and reading disability than on math disability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - The Role of Attachment Anxiety and Avoidance in Theory of Mind and Autobiographical Memory
Saloomeh Ghasemi Monsef Davood ManavipourThis study aimed to investigate the role of attachment anxiety and avoidance in theory of mind and autobiographical memory. The study population consisted of all married individuals living in districts 1, 2, and 5 in Tehran. 212 people (119 female and 93 male) were sele MoreThis study aimed to investigate the role of attachment anxiety and avoidance in theory of mind and autobiographical memory. The study population consisted of all married individuals living in districts 1, 2, and 5 in Tehran. 212 people (119 female and 93 male) were selected by convenience sampling method and completed Experience in Close Relationships Scale-Revised (Fraley, Waller, Brennan, 2000), Autobiographical Memory Test (Williams & Broadbent, 1986), and Reading Mind in the Eyes Test (Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Raste, & Plumb, 2001). Data were analyzed via Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Findings indicated a negative relationship of anxiety attachment with theory of mind and autobiographical memory. Results from regression analysis showed that attachment avoidance but not anxiety negatively predicted theory of mind and autobiographical memory. Decreased ability to recognize one's own and other's mental states and recollection of self-related memories in avoidant people, can be attributed to their deactivating strategies, over self-reliance, and suppression of attachment-related clues in these individuals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Visual Capacity versus Cognitive Process:Reducing Spelling Errors of Homophone Letters
Hamidreza Hassanabadi Neda Jesri Robabeh Noury GhasemabadiThe aim of this study was to compare task-process method with working memory method in reducing spelling errors of homophone letters caused by poor visual memory. Thirty male students in third grade of elementary school were trained 10 sessions of task-proce MoreThe aim of this study was to compare task-process method with working memory method in reducing spelling errors of homophone letters caused by poor visual memory. Thirty male students in third grade of elementary school were trained 10 sessions of task-process method and working memory method. The participants were selected from four elementary schools according to the teachers’ opinions, considering the previous dictations, and the administration of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale-IV. The participants randomly assigned into two experimental groups and control group. In order to assess the effect of training on visual memory, visual memory tests (Kim Karad & Bento, 1945) were used during training sessions. To study the changes, dictation test and memory tests were administered at the end of the fourth session. At the end, the final test and visual memory tests were administered. After twenty days, follow-up tests were administered. The results of repeated measures ANOVA indicated that the instructional methods of task-process and working memory improved visual memory and reduced spelling errors. The working memory method was more effective than the task-process method. The findings suggest that these two methods can be used in addition to other remedial methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - The Effectiveness of Emotional Working Memory Training on Affective Control Ability in Adolescents with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Zobair Samimi Jafar Hasani Alireza Moradi The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional working memory training on affective control ability inadolescent with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD). The study design was a single-case multiple-baselines. Three adolescents (one male and More The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of emotional working memory training on affective control ability inadolescent with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD). The study design was a single-case multiple-baselines. Three adolescents (one male and two females) were selected by available sampling based on structured clinical interview and the Impact of Event scale (Weiss & Marmer, 1997) from one of the educational child care center of Karaj, Iran. The participants received 20 sessions of the emotional working memory training individually. The participants were assessed at three stages (pre-training, during therapy and 2-month follow up) by the Effective Control Scale (Williams, Chambless & Ahrens, 1997). Data were analyzed using the indices for trend changes, slope and the visual inspection of the charts.The Cohen's d, recovery percent index and effect size were used to determine the clinical significance. The results indicated that emotional working memory training increased the ability of affective control from pretest to follow up. The findings suggested that the emotional working memory training is an appropriate choice for increasing affective control in adolescents suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - The Effectiveness of Phonological Awareness Training on Visuospatial Working Memory of Students with Written Expression Disorder
Masoume Pourmohamadreza-Tajrishi Sahar Pahlavan Neshan Faezeh Golkar T his study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Phonological Awareness Training (PAT) on visuospatial working memory of 3rd grade students with written expression disorder. The study design was quasi-experimental with a pretest, posttest, and con More T his study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Phonological Awareness Training (PAT) on visuospatial working memory of 3rd grade students with written expression disorder. The study design was quasi-experimental with a pretest, posttest, and control group. Thirty students were randomly selected and evaluated by the Writing Expression Test (Fallahchai, 1379), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Wechsler, 2000), and the Visuospatial Working Memory Test (Cornoldi & Viecchi, 2004). They were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (each consisted of 15 individuals). The experimental group participated in 13 sessions and was trained by the phonological awareness program but control group participated in the regular school program. All subjects were evaluated after the 13th session and two months later. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and repeated measurement analysis of variance. The findings showed that 32% of variation in improvement of visuospatial working memory of the experimental group has been due to the phonological awareness intervention and lasted after two months (P<0.001). Based on the results the Phonological Awareness Training leads to JIP Aug 2019 SS.docx JIP Aug 2019 SS.docxpromoted visuospatial working memory of experimental group, and its effects lasted for two months. Therefore, the implementation of the Phonological Awareness Training is worthwhile for promoting the visuospatial working memory of the students with written expression disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Development of false memory in children
fatemeh Amadi Shole Amiri Yasamin AbediniThe aim of this research was to investigate the developmental trend of false memories among primary school students between the ages of 7 and 12. One hundred and seventeen students in the first-, third-, and fifth- grade were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Par MoreThe aim of this research was to investigate the developmental trend of false memories among primary school students between the ages of 7 and 12. One hundred and seventeen students in the first-, third-, and fifth- grade were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Participants were assessed using the basic and age-appropriate lists of the DRM paradigm (Roediger, & McDermott, 1995). The data were analyzed using multivariate of variance analysis (MANOVA). The results indicated that true recall, true recognition and false recognition of the basic lists, and true recall, false recall, and false recognition of the age-appropriate lists increased as the age increased. Also, the results indicated that the age-appropriate lists of DRM are more suitable than the basic lists for developmental study of false memory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Executive Functions of First-grade Children with and without Pre-School Experience
Fatemeh Nejati Zahra Hashemi Mahnaz Akhavan Taftihe aim of the present study was to compare executive functions (cognitive flexibility and working memory) of first grade students who had pre-school experience and those of children without preschool experience. This study was a causal-comparative one. Using random mult Morehe aim of the present study was to compare executive functions (cognitive flexibility and working memory) of first grade students who had pre-school experience and those of children without preschool experience. This study was a causal-comparative one. Using random multi-stage cluster sampling, 90 first grade students with preschool experience and 90 first grade students without preschool experience were selected from elementary schools of Tehran in 2016-2017 academic year. Cognitive flexibility was assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Grant & Berg, 1948), and working memory was assessed by the Wechsler Digit Span Test. The results of two-way analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant difference between executive functions (cognitive flexibility and working memory) among the two groups of participants. There was no significant difference between girls and boys in executive functions The students who attended pre-school were better than the students without preschool experience in cognitive flexibility and working memory. The findings suggested that pre-school education had been effective in strengthening executive functions of children, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Presenting the Forecasting Model of Bitcoin Return Using the hybrid Method of Deep Learning - Signal Decomposition Algorithm (CEEMD-DL)
sakineh sayyadi nezhad Ali Esmaeil Zadeh Mohammad Reza RostamiAbstract With the increasing popularity and widespread use of cryptocurrencies, the creation and development of methods for predicting price movements in this field has attracted a lot of attention. In between, recent developments in deep learning (DL) models with stru MoreAbstract With the increasing popularity and widespread use of cryptocurrencies, the creation and development of methods for predicting price movements in this field has attracted a lot of attention. In between, recent developments in deep learning (DL) models with structures such as long-short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) have made improvements in the analysis of this type of data. Another approach that can be effective in the analysis of cryptocurrencies time series is the decomposition through algorithms such as complete integrated empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD). Considering the importance of forecasting in the cryptocurrencies field, in this research, by combining deep learning models and complete integrated empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD), The hybrid CEEMD-DL(LSTM) model has been used to forecast the bitcoin return (as the most popular currency). In this regard, the daily data of the total index of the Tehran Stock Exchange was used in the period of 2013/01/01 – 2022/05/28 and the results obtained were compared with the results of competing models based on efficiency measurement criteria. Based on the obtained results, the use of the introduced model (CEEMD-DL(LSTM)) has increased the efficiency and accuracy of bitcoin return forecasting. Accordingly, the use of this model in this field is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Perception, Imagination and Memory in St. Augustine’s Thought
سیدمصطفی شهر آیینیThe first and main preoccupation of St. Augustine, like other Christian philosophers of medieval ages, is religion not philosophizing. It is clear that the central part of religion is faith in God not acquiring a rational cognition, however, every pious should try to ob MoreThe first and main preoccupation of St. Augustine, like other Christian philosophers of medieval ages, is religion not philosophizing. It is clear that the central part of religion is faith in God not acquiring a rational cognition, however, every pious should try to obtain a rational cognition in order to defence his own faith. Augustine, like Neo-Platonists, believes that the recognition of God is beyond the men’s abilities, nevertheless, since “God created man in his own image” (Genesis 1:26) self-understanding is the best way for obtaining His recognition. Perceptual recognition is the first step for self-understanding and going towards imagination and memory are the next steps. This article tries to clarify the place of perceptual recognition, imagination, memory, forgetfulness and remembrance in the St. Augustine’s theory of recognition. It studies the influence of Plato and Neo-Platonists in Augustine’s thought and also surveys his own innovations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - The efficiency of Memory Specificity Training intervention on improving problem solving skills and autobiographical memory in patients with Bipolar disorder with psychotic traits
Raman Sadrsharif Somaieh Robatmili Afshin Salahian The present study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of Memory Specificity Training intervention on improving problem solving skills and autobiographical memory in patients with Bipolar disorder with psychotic traits. It is done by quasi-experimental met More The present study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of Memory Specificity Training intervention on improving problem solving skills and autobiographical memory in patients with Bipolar disorder with psychotic traits. It is done by quasi-experimental method. Among all patients with bipolar disorder with psychotic features of Sarai Ehsan Complex (Chronic Mental Patients Care Center) in the suburbs of Tehran, a sample of 30 people (15 people to perform Memory Specificity Training and 15 controls) were selected by purposive sampling. Biographical Memory Test, Problem Solving Questionnaire (SPSI-R), and Memory Specialization Training (MEST) treatment protocol were used to collect data. Research data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance, univariate covariance and one-way ANOVA. The results showed that there was a significant difference in problem solving skills and biographical memory of patients in the intervention group of memory specialization training and the control group. Therefore, we conclude that the intervention of memory specialization training is effective in improving problem solving skills and biographical memory of patients with bipolar disorder with psychotic traits and demographic factors can play a role in problem solving skills and patients’ biographical memory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Comparison of working memory and processing speed in male and female students with and without UCMAS mental abacus training
Kobra Asghari Abdorrahim Kasaei EsfahaniAbacus-based mental calculation is a mental calculation skill based on the manipulation of beads on a mental abacus that activates preparietal areas that mainly overlap with the working memory network. The purpose of the present study was to compare the active memory an MoreAbacus-based mental calculation is a mental calculation skill based on the manipulation of beads on a mental abacus that activates preparietal areas that mainly overlap with the working memory network. The purpose of the present study was to compare the active memory and processing speed of students with and without UC Mes training. The comparative causal research method and the statistical population included all primary students of the fourth grade in Islamshahr city. 160 students were selected from this community, including 80 regular students (40 girls and 40 boys) using random cluster sampling and 80 UC Mes students (40 girls and 40 boys) using purposive sampling. Children's Wechsler Intelligence Test-4 was used to measure active memory and processing speed. The results of two-way analysis of variance showed that active memory and processing speed of UC Copper students are significantly higher than normal students (p<0.001). Also, the working memory of UC Mes girls was higher than its boys and the processing speed of UC Mes boys was higher than its girls (p < 0.001). Conclusion: UC Mes can be used as an intervention method to improve working memory and processing speed of children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Investigating the improvement of post-traumatic stress disorder and historical memory using cognitive therapy based on mindfulness (a sample study of housewives in Kermanshah)
Mohammadreza Rasoolitabar Saeideh sadat HoseiniBackground and purpose: One of the main psychological processes associated with post-traumatic stress disorder is historical memory, and its main symptom is unwanted reminders of the accident. Among the therapeutic methods in improving these disorders are meditation and MoreBackground and purpose: One of the main psychological processes associated with post-traumatic stress disorder is historical memory, and its main symptom is unwanted reminders of the accident. Among the therapeutic methods in improving these disorders are meditation and mindfulness exercises that lead to increasing the ability of self-awareness and self-acceptance in patients. The present study was conducted with the aim of the role of mindfulness therapy in improving post-traumatic stress disorder and historical memory in Kermanshah housewives who suffered stress after the earthquake. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental and using two experimental and control groups, with a pre-test-post-test design. Sampling method was available voluntarily with a sample size of 30 people and they were divided into two experimental and control groups by a simple random method. Data collection tools included Williams and Broadbent's (1986) Revised Event Impact Scale and an interview and autobiographical memory test. The experimental group was trained in mindfulness therapy in eight sessions. Findings: The findings showed that mindfulness therapy had a positive and significant effect in improving post-traumatic stress disorder and its subscales, as well as in improving historical memory. Conclusion: The general results of the research showed that mindfulness therapy is a suitable method for improving post-traumatic stress disorder and historical memory of earthquake-affected women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Improvement of Working Memory Performance by Parietal Upper Alpha Neurofeedback Training
Peyman Dehghanpour Fardad Farokhi Reza Rostami -
Open Access Article
161 - Algorithm Trading Application and Persistence in the Cryptocurrency Market
Saeed Moradpour Mojtaba DastooriThis article, had been analyzed the persistence in cryptocurrency market. At the beginning of the process, the autocorrelation of the time series data of four cryptocurrencies Bitcoin, Light Coin, Ripple and Ethereum during the period 2017 to 2020 has been studied. The MoreThis article, had been analyzed the persistence in cryptocurrency market. At the beginning of the process, the autocorrelation of the time series data of four cryptocurrencies Bitcoin, Light Coin, Ripple and Ethereum during the period 2017 to 2020 has been studied. The data of this research are obtained daily from the investing database showed significant autocorrelation among cryptocurrencies. Long-term memory methods such as R/S analysis and fraction integration are used for analysis of market persistence. The results of this study showed that this market is persistence. That means there is a positive correlation between past and future values, and its level and value change over time. These results provide evidence for market inefficiency. Using the pair trading algorithm and redefining it, profit has been made and the results show a return of 1463% in 2 years from 2018 to 2020. The use of trading algorithms based on market memory and cointegration has the potential to generate profits, and the development of models and algorithms can help investors to generate returns and on the other hand lead to more efficient market in the long term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - The pervasive risk of the financial crisis in the Iranian banking system with the ARFIMA-FIGARCH-Delta CoVaR approach and the expected marginal Shortfall
leila barati mirfeiz falahshams farhad ghafari Alireza HeidarzadehhanzaeeSystemic risk refers to the risk of failure of the financial system or failure of the entire market. This risk can arise from instability or crisis in financial institutions and can be transmitted to the entire financial system as a result of transmission. The purpose o MoreSystemic risk refers to the risk of failure of the financial system or failure of the entire market. This risk can arise from instability or crisis in financial institutions and can be transmitted to the entire financial system as a result of transmission. The purpose of this paper was to assess the pervasive risk of a financial crisis in the Iranian banking system. In this study, statistical information of banks during the years 1392-1397 has been used. In the first part, the comprehensive risk indicators of the financial crisis are calculated using the Delta CoVaR index, then the risk susceptibility is assessed using the ARFIMA-FIGARCH method. In the first step, the unit root test indicates the existence of a deficit root in the bank stock price index. Comprehensive risk indicators are then calculated and systemic risk transmission modeling is discussed. The results of the model indicated that the systemic risk situation in the country's banking system was abnormal, which was due to the leverage situation of the country's banks. Using the results of this study, it can also be stated that different financial sectors are required to consider sufficient capital for systemic Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Long Memory usage in Portfolio Optimization using the Copula Functions: Empirical evidence of Iran and Turkey Stock Markets
Hasti Chitsazan Motahareh Moghadasi Reza Tehrani Mohsen MehraraThe main objective of this paper is to optimize and manage the portfolio by using copula functions. Copula function has been using as a powerful and flexible tool for the determination of dependency structure. Research data include the Iran stock market index and the Tu MoreThe main objective of this paper is to optimize and manage the portfolio by using copula functions. Copula function has been using as a powerful and flexible tool for the determination of dependency structure. Research data include the Iran stock market index and the Turkey stock market index. The present study seeks to find the effect of long memory on the structure of dependence between returns and optimal portfolio structure. In the first step, we compare the dependence structure between the net returns and the filter generated from the ARFIMA-GARCH process returns to investigate the impact of long memory on them. In the second step, the influence of the dependence structure between net returns and filtered returns on portfolio optimization has been investigated. The results indicated that the model can be fitted to the return of time series and the best pattern is the frank pattern. The results also indicated the existence of long memory in the mean and variance of stock return on the Iran stock market and the existence of long memory in the variance of the Turkey stock market. All models allocate more percentage of capital to Iran stock market and lower percent to Turkey stock market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - The Assessment of the optimal Deep Learning Algorithm on Stock Price Prediction (Long Short-Term Memory Approach)
Amir Sharif far Maryam Khalili Araghi Iman Raeesi Vanani Mirfeiz FallahForecasting stock prices plays an important role in setting a trading strategy or determining the appropriate timing for buying or selling a stock. Deep Learning (DL) is a type of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) that consists of multiple processing layers and enables hi MoreForecasting stock prices plays an important role in setting a trading strategy or determining the appropriate timing for buying or selling a stock. Deep Learning (DL) is a type of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) that consists of multiple processing layers and enables high-level abstraction to model data. The key advantage of DL models is extracting the good features of input data automatically using a general-purpose learning procedure which is suitable for dynamic time series such as stock price.In this research the ability of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to predict the stock price is studied; moreover, the factors that have significant effects on the stock price is classified and legal and natural person trading is introduced as an important factor which has influence on the stock price. Price data, technical indexes and legal and natural person trading is used as an input data for running the model. The results obtained from LSTM with Dropout layer are better and more stable than simple form of LSTM and RNN models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Predicting the daily index of the Tehran Stock Exchange using the selection of appropriate features for the Long Short-Term Memory neural network (LSTM)
Somayeh Mohebi Mohammad Esmaeil Fadaeinejad mohammad osoolian Mohammad reza HamidizadehThe stock market index is one of the effective features in investment because it can well reflect the health status and macro change trend of a country’s economic development. Various features affect the stock index. The various combinations of these features crea MoreThe stock market index is one of the effective features in investment because it can well reflect the health status and macro change trend of a country’s economic development. Various features affect the stock index. The various combinations of these features create a wide state space. Hence, it is impractical to provide a data set containing all these combinations to train the stock index prediction model. in this research, an attempt has been made, after collecting a significant number of effective features on the index, to provide a method for selecting appropriate features for the stock index prediction model with aim of increasing prediction accuracy. For this purpose, the mRMR algorithm is used as the basic algorithm. Also, to select the appropriate model, a number of the most applicable artificial intelligence models for predicting the stock index were compared and according to the results, the LSTM network was selected to predict the stock index. The results of this study show that using the LSTM network and the proposed method in selecting features, with 8 selected features, high accuracy can be achieved in the daily prediction of the Tehran Stock Exchange Index. So that MPE is calculated to be about 2.66, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Deep learning for stock market forecasting using numerical and textual information (Long-Short Term Memory approach)
seyyedeh mozhgan beheshti masalegou Mohammad ali Afshar kazemi jalal Haghighat monfared Ali RezaeianStock prices are influenced by many factors, making forecasting challenging. This prediction is often ineffective if it only considers numerical data or textual information. This research aims to provide a method of forecasting the future price of stocks based on the st MoreStock prices are influenced by many factors, making forecasting challenging. This prediction is often ineffective if it only considers numerical data or textual information. This research aims to provide a method of forecasting the future price of stocks based on the structure of a deep neural network using price data, a set of technical indicators, and news headlines as input to the model. For this purpose, Dow Jones stock data and Reddit channel news data have been used. Technical features are extracted from the stock data, and the news data are converted into a feature vector by the Bag of Words method and fed into the Long-Short term memory network for prediction. Accuracy is used as a performance evaluation measure and experiments on two data sets. The only numerical and only text has been used to evaluate the simultaneous use of two information sources. Also, three networks, SVM, MLP, and RNN, have been used to evaluate the model. The results show that the LSTM model achieved the highest prediction accuracy of 69.19% using news and financial data. News data is 65.62% accurate, and numerical data is 51.89%. Also, the LSTM model performs better than SVM, MLP, and RNN neural networks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Presenting a market direction prediction model for gold coin trades in Iran’s Commodity Exchange market using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm
Soheil Zoghi Reza Raei Saeed FalahporIn recent years, deep learning neural networks have been recognized as powerful tools for solving complex problems. Deep learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence in which complex problems with numerous parameters and inputs are modeled based on a set of algorit MoreIn recent years, deep learning neural networks have been recognized as powerful tools for solving complex problems. Deep learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence in which complex problems with numerous parameters and inputs are modeled based on a set of algorithms. In this research, a new framework of deep learning is presented. Using wavelet transform, stacked auto-encoders, and the Long Short-Term Memory or LSTM, we predict the market direction in the future contracts of gold coins of Iran's Commodity Exchange market. The input data is first denoised using the wavelet transformer in the proposed method. Then, using the stacked auto-encoder, the indicators influencing the market direction are identified. Ultimately, these indicators are given as input to the LSTM architecture to predict the market direction. Proposing several new technical indicators to increase the accuracy of the proposed model, adjusting the parameters of the utilized algorithms, including LSTM, for this problem, and suggesting a trading strategy to achieve appropriate profitability are among the contributions of the present study. Investigations reveal that the proposed method outperforms other approaches and achieves higher accuracy and efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Forecasting Volatility & Risk Management in Tehran Stock Exchange through Long memory impacts
ehsan Taiebysani Madihe Changi AshtianiIn this paper we explored the relevance of asymmetry and long memory in modeling and forecasting the conditional volatility and market risk of equity market in Iran capital M MoreIn this paper we explored the relevance of asymmetry and long memory in modeling and forecasting the conditional volatility and market risk of equity market in Iran capital Market (Tehran Stock exchange(TSE) and Iran Fara Bourse(IFB)). A broad set of the most popular linear and nonlinear GARCH (generalized autoregressive conditional Heteroskedasticity)-type models is used to investigate this relevancy of asymmetry and long memory. Our in sample and out-of-sample results displayed that volatility of commodity returns can be better described by nonlinear volatility models accommodating the long memory and asymmetry features. In particular, the FIAPARCH (Fractionally Integrated Asymmetric Power ARCH) model is found to be the best suited for estimating the VaR forecasts for both short and long trading positions. This model given a risk exposure at the 99% confidence interval level have Several implications for equity market risks, policy regulations and hedging strategies can be drawn from the obtained results of this paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - A Survey of Long-Term Memory in the Digital Currency Index
Shima Alizadeh hossein safarzadehLong-term memory, also referred to as long-range dependence, explains the correlation structure of values of a time series at long intervals. According to the efficient market hypothesis, prices follow a randomized step process, so returns on assets can not be predicted MoreLong-term memory, also referred to as long-range dependence, explains the correlation structure of values of a time series at long intervals. According to the efficient market hypothesis, prices follow a randomized step process, so returns on assets can not be predicted based on past price changes. Long-term memory is a weak point of the business-market hypothesis. Long-term processes have important implications for asset yields and play a crucial role in time series analysis. This study examines the existence of long-term memory in the price index of crypto currencies equals $ 1 and lower for the period from September 1, 2015 to September 1, 2018. To estimate the parameter d, the OLS method is used in the EVIEWS software package. The ARFIMA model is used to test hypotheses. The results indicate that long-term memory is in the currencies of DIGIBYTE, Dodge Coin, EMER Coin, BITSHARES, MAIDSAFE COIN, XEM, Redd Coin, NXT, Verge and Ripple, and on the other hand, three currencies of Byte Coin, SIA Coin, STELLAR lacks long-term memory, and therefore these currencies are among the most efficient market products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Choosing an optimal Model for Explaining & Forecasting the Volatility of Iranian Gold Price Returns: a Comparison of GARCH, IGARCH & FIGARCH Models
Mahdi ShahraziThis paper compares three models of the GARCH family to investigate the volatility dynamics of gold Price returns. Nowadays, GARCH-type models have been extensively used in modeling the volatility process of various asset price returns. Gold plays a critical role as a h MoreThis paper compares three models of the GARCH family to investigate the volatility dynamics of gold Price returns. Nowadays, GARCH-type models have been extensively used in modeling the volatility process of various asset price returns. Gold plays a critical role as a hedge against adverse market conditions. An accurate understanding about the gold volatility is important for the financial assets pricing, risk management, portfolio selection hedging strategies and value-at-risk policies. In this study, we use Iranian gold returns data from March 25, 2003 to December 25, 2015 and employ the GARCH(1,1), IGARCH(1,1) and FIGARCH(1,d,1) specifications. The research findings show that the FIGARCH is the best model to capture dependence in the conditional variance of the gold returns. Moreover, we examine the long memory behavior in the volatility of gold returns. According to the estimation results, the long memory parameter is positive and statistically significant. Consequently, long memory is an important characteristic of the gold volatility returns and should be taken into consideration in investment decisions. Also, the out-of-sample evaluation criteria (MAE, RMSE and TIC) select the FIGARCH(1,d,1) as the best forecasting model of gold volatility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Evaluative Image in Social Spaces by Enhancing Collective Memory and Likability in the City (Case Study: The Area of Quds Square to Imamzadeh Hassan in the City of Karaj)
Sara Dasht Gard Maryam AkbariVisual quality can have strong impacts on experience and satisfaction with exposure to the environment. The evaluative image depends on the placement of environmental symptoms and evaluations that shape emotions, perceptions, and behaviors. Effective components such as MoreVisual quality can have strong impacts on experience and satisfaction with exposure to the environment. The evaluative image depends on the placement of environmental symptoms and evaluations that shape emotions, perceptions, and behaviors. Effective components such as time, place, and companionship enhance collective memory and remembering place. Cultural roles are shaped by the mental image and create an antisocial personality for of travelers, buyers, visitors and other people who experience the landscape of the city. Therefore, the presence of cultural - historical spaces in the area of Imamzadeh Hassan to the Quds square, with special potential to create community-oriented spaces, enhance the likability of the place . The research focuses on influencing of the collective manifestation and the continuity of presence on cognitive patterns of urban spaces. The purposes is achieving the guiding framework and create social urban open spaces, so descriptive-analytical method by conducting field studies, identify the quality of event spaces and its necessary facilities and specifications from the perspective of citizens. To strengthen the sense of collective memory in community-based, solutions are provided to establish and produce the necessary conditions. Research finding represent four criterions to identify mental images in collective memory in urban spaces, pleasantness, exciting, anxious and boring are effective in evaluating the quality of space. To create event-oriented spaces at the city level, it is important to identify the relationship of mental images with psychological and sociological criteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Structure of an Adaptive with Memory Method with Efficiency Index 2
Vali Torkashvand -
Open Access Article
173 - A MODIFIED STEFFENSEN'S METHOD WITH MEMORY FOR NONLINEAR EQUATIONS
Farhad Khaksar Haghani -
Open Access Article
174 - AN IMPROVED CONTROLLED CHAOTIC NEURAL NETWORK FOR PATTERN RECOGNITION
Maryam Nahvi Farsi Majid Amirfakhrian Alireza Vasiq -
Open Access Article
175 - A NEW TWO STEP CLASS OF METHODS WITH MEMORY FOR SOLVING NONLINEAR EQUATIONS WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY INDEX
Taher Lotfi Paria Assari -
Open Access Article
176 - Investigating the Relationship between Hippocampal BDNF Gene Expression and Spatial Memory in the Open Field Test in Offspring Born from Rats Treated with Ethanol
Mousa Shaabani Ghahremanlo Vida Hojati Gholamhasan Vaezi Shahram Sharafi -
Open Access Article
177 - Role of Cytochrome C and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Memory Deficit Induced by High Doses of a Commercial Solid Air Freshener in Mice
Michael Afighor Benneth Ben-Azu Abayomi Ajayi Solomon Umukoro -
Open Access Article
178 - Investigating the Effect of Poly (D L-Lactic Acid) Molecular Weight on the Shape Memory Parameters: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Mohammad Amini Abbas MontazeriShape memory polymers are a subset of smart materials that can regain their original shape after a temporary deformation. In recent years, these polymers have been vastly utilized in many industries (especially biomedical). The main purpose of this study was to find the MoreShape memory polymers are a subset of smart materials that can regain their original shape after a temporary deformation. In recent years, these polymers have been vastly utilized in many industries (especially biomedical). The main purpose of this study was to find the influence of the polymer molecular weight on the various shape memory parameters. Additionally, the mechanisms governing the shape memory behavior of polymers are thoroughly studied. Calculating the glass transition temperature and exploring its role on the shape memory behavior of polymeric materials are the other objectives of the current research. In this study, all models were built via Materials Studio and all the simulations were carried out using LAMMPS software. Based on the obtained results, the glass transition temperature of polymer increases with increasing the degree of polymerization. The attempts made to achieve an optimal microstructure revealed that the shape fixity parameter increases from 90% to 94% with increasing the molecular weight from 36000 g/mol to 108000 g/mol. In contrast to the shape fixity, the shape recovery parameter follows a descending trend with increasing the molecular weight. This is attributed to an increase in the ratio of the fixed phase to its reversible counterpart. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Influence of mechanical alloying and preheating on fabrication of NiTi alloy by combustion synthesis
Ali Reza Sadegi Aval Shahr Hassan Mostajab o daveh Abolfazl Babakhani Mojtaba Zebarjad Akram SalehiIn this study Ni and Ti with 50 at. % Ni powders were milled and the cylindrical performs obtained by uniaxial cold compaction under 150 MPa pressure. Porous Ni/Ti specimens were synthesized by thermal explosion (TE) at different preheating temperatures (350 °C, 400 MoreIn this study Ni and Ti with 50 at. % Ni powders were milled and the cylindrical performs obtained by uniaxial cold compaction under 150 MPa pressure. Porous Ni/Ti specimens were synthesized by thermal explosion (TE) at different preheating temperatures (350 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C) and milling times (0.5, 1 and 2h). The effect of preh­­­eating temperatures and milling times on microstructure of final products were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). NiTi shape memory alloy with other secondary intermetallic compounds and elemental powders were observed in the final products. Results showed the dominant phase was NiTi in the sample that milled for 1h and preheated at 400 °C. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - The Effects of Ginkgo Biloba on Passive Avoidance Learning in Mature Male Wistar Rat
حیدر آقابابا راضیه متحدزادهAs respect to this thatGinkgo biloba is one of the most popular herbs which is used to treat amnesia.In this research we investigate the effects of Ginkgo Biloba on passive avoidance learning via measurement STL(Step Through Latency) in male wistar rat.The powder of ext MoreAs respect to this thatGinkgo biloba is one of the most popular herbs which is used to treat amnesia.In this research we investigate the effects of Ginkgo Biloba on passive avoidance learning via measurement STL(Step Through Latency) in male wistar rat.The powder of extractGinkgo biloba buying from Drug Ahura Company in Iran with no addictive materials and testing on male wistar rat. We use the dosages 40, 65, 90 mg/kg and the dosage 65 mg/kg is as effective dosage. The unit that we use in this test is shuttle box.The unit of Passive Avoidance Learning is shuttle box. The base of this type of learning was the relation between conditioned stimulus (dark) and unconditioned stimulus (electrical shocks). The dosage 65 mg/kg has the most effect and select as effective dosage (p andlt; 0.05) that cause increase in STL(second) and corticosterone (mg/dl). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Influence of Dopamine D2 Receptors of the Dorsal Hippocampus in the Improving Effect of Nicotine on Ethanol-induced Amnesia
مریمالسادات شاهین سیما نصری مرتضی پیریEthanol and nicotine produce some effects via activation of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway which projects from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. Dopamine D2 receptors have been detected in dorsal hippocampus, which is a key bra MoreEthanol and nicotine produce some effects via activation of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway which projects from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. Dopamine D2 receptors have been detected in dorsal hippocampus, which is a key brain region that influences learning and memory. In the present study, influence of dopamine D2 receptors of dorsal hippocampus in nicotineandrsquo;s effect on ethanol-induced amnesia was investigated. In this experimental study 255 adult male NMRI mice were used (24 group). The animals anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic method. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task. In this study ethanol, nicotine and sulpiride (D2 receptor agonist) were used. The Kruskalandndash;Wallis nonparametric one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a two-tailed Mannandndash;Whitneyand#39;s U-test, were used for analysis of the data. Differences with P andlt; 0.05 between experimental groups at each point were considered statistically significant. Pre-training or pre-test injection of ethanol induced amnesia (Pandlt;0.001). Pre-test administration of ethanol or nicotine restored amnesia ethanol (Pandlt;0.001). Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of sulpirideblocks the nicotine reversal effect on ethanol amnesia (Pandlt;0.001).On the other hand, pre-test injection of nicotine or sulpiride has no effect on memory by itself (Pandgt;0.05). Our results in this study indicated that the blockage of dopamine d1 receptors of dorsal hippocampus decreases nicotine-induced restoration of ethanol amnesia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - The Effect of Ecstasys Tablet on Passive Avoidance Learning and Memory
حمیده افتخاری فروزان کشاورز زادهToday tendency to administration of nervous stimulating drugs is one of the problems of human societies. Ecstasy is a neurotoxin that drives from amphetamines. This substance can produce a depression of cell brain function and alteration in several neurotransmittes.This MoreToday tendency to administration of nervous stimulating drugs is one of the problems of human societies. Ecstasy is a neurotoxin that drives from amphetamines. This substance can produce a depression of cell brain function and alteration in several neurotransmittes.This article focuses on the effect of this drug on passive avoidance learning and memory.In this research 40 vistar rat were divided into 5 group (n=8). Control groupreceived no drug. Sham group received serum as soluble of drug and 3 other groups were pretreated with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg Ecstasy oral. After 22 days passive avoidance learning were surveyed with Shuttle box and step through latency (STL) and total (TLC) were measured. Results were investigated with ANOVA test. In all groups that received Ecstasy, STL and TLC significantly decresed in dose dependent manner (pandlt; 0.05). It is necessary to consider longer STL and TLC means better learning and memory. Results of this study shows that learning and memory deficits in Ecstasy users. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - The Effect of D2 Receptor Agonist injection in the Nucleus Accumbens on Restoration of Morphine induced Amnesia by Nicotine in Male Rats
روناک عزیزبیگی مریم السادات شاهین مرتضی پیریStudies have revealed the effect of morphine and nicotine on different types of memory and learning. These drugs produce more of their effects via the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intra nucleus accumbens MoreStudies have revealed the effect of morphine and nicotine on different types of memory and learning. These drugs produce more of their effects via the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intra nucleus accumbens (intra-NAc) injection of the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist(sulpirid) in nicotineandrsquo;s effect on morphine-induced amnesia. This experimental study was performed on 185 male rats. Rats were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride, plus xylazine and then placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Two stainless-steel cannuale were placed in the nucleus accumbens shell. The behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task, and the step-through latency for entering into the dark compartment was measured for the assessment of memory retention. The amnesia induced by post-training morphine restores with pre-test injection of morphine, nicotine or nicotine plus ineffective dose of morphine. In contrast, pre-test intra-NAc injection of the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist (sulpiride) which had no effect on memory alone prevented the nicotine reversal effect on morphine memory impairment. These results suggest that the dopamine D2 receptor of the nucleus accumbens may play an important role in the improving effect of nicotine on the morphine-induced amnesia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Involvement of ventral tegmental area muscarinic and NMDA receptors on memory retrieval in passive avoidance task
گلاویز محمودی مرتضی پیری علی پورمتعبد صبریه امینیBehavioural studies have suggested interactions between cholinergic and glutamatergic systems. In the present study, the effect of intra-VTA pretest administration of a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist, scopolamine, glutamatergic drugs and their interact MoreBehavioural studies have suggested interactions between cholinergic and glutamatergic systems. In the present study, the effect of intra-VTA pretest administration of a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist, scopolamine, glutamatergic drugs and their interaction on inhibitory avoidance response was investigated.Rats were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride, plus xylazine and then placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Also, two stainless-steel cannuale were placed in the ventral tegmental area. A step-through inhibitory avoidance task was used for memory assessment in male Wistar rats. The drug injected 5 min before testing and the step-through latency was measured with a stopwatch as inhibitory avoidance memory.The results showed that intra-VTA pretest administration of scopolamine (3 and 4 andmu;g/rat) and NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (1 and 2 andmu;g/rat) impair memory retention. Interestingly, co-administration of an ineffective dose of MK801 (0.5 andmu;g/rat) with ineffective doses of scopolamine (1 and 2 andmu;g/rat) significantly decreased the inhibitory avoidance memory. Although pretest intra-VTA injections of NMDA (0.001 and 0.01 andmu;g/rat) had no effect by itself,but its co-administration with scopolamine (4 andmu;g/rat) prevented the decreasing effect of scopolamine on inhibitory avoidance memory retention.Our data may indicate that muscarinic and NMDA receptors in the VTA may be involved in the mechanism(s) modulating inhibitory avoidance memory retention through the VTA dopaminergic projections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Influence of intracerebral administration of muscarinic agents in dorsal hippocampus (CA1) on cannabinoid state-dependent memory in the step-down passive avoidance test
مرتضی پیری محمدرضا زرین دست مریم السادات شاهینIn the present study, the effects of muscarinic agents on WIN55, 212-2 induced state-dependent memory of passive avoidance task were examined in mice. One-trial step-down paradigm was used for the assessment of memory retention in adult male NMRI mice. Post-training int MoreIn the present study, the effects of muscarinic agents on WIN55, 212-2 induced state-dependent memory of passive avoidance task were examined in mice. One-trial step-down paradigm was used for the assessment of memory retention in adult male NMRI mice. Post-training intra-CA1 administration of cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN55, 212-2 (0.5 and 1 andmicro;g/mouse) decreased the memory retrieval. Amnesia induced by post-training WIN55, 212-2 (1andmicro;g/mouse) was significantly reversed by pre-test administration of WIN55,212-2 (0.5, 1andmu;g/mouse, intra-CA1), and induced WIN55, 212-2-state-dependent memory. Administration of scopolamine (4 andmicro;g/mouse) but not physostigmine (0.25, 1 and 4 andmicro;g/mouse) intra-CA1, 5 min before test by itself decreased the memory retrieval. On the other hands, the animals in which retrieval was impaired, due to WIN55, 212-2 (1andmicro;g/mouse) post-training administration, pre-test administration of physostigmine (1 and 4 andmicro;g/mouse) and scopolamine ( 4 andmicro;g/mouse) intra-CA1 24 hr after train in dayandrsquo;s test restored, memory retrieval. Furthermore animals under influence of post-training administration of WIN55, 212-2 (1andmicro;g/mouse), pre-test co-administration of non-effective doses of WIN55, 212-2 (0.25 andmicro;g/mouse) and scopolamine (1 andmicro;g/mouse), increased the restoration of memory by the WIN55, 212-2. These findings may implicate the involvement of muscarinic receptor in state-dependent memory induced by intra-CA1 administration of the WIN55, 212-2. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - The Inhibition of State-Dependent Learning Induced By Scopolamine Via Blockade of Dorsal Hippocampal Beta1-Adrenergic Receptors in Rats
بهاره پاکپور مجید نوائیان مرتضی پیریAdrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor MoreAdrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor antagonist on scopolamine state-dependent learning were examined in rat dorsal hippocampus. In this experimental study 155 adult male rats were anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic method. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task. In this study Scopolamine as muscarininc receptor antagonist and atenolol as andbeta;1-adrenergic receptor antagonist were used. Pre-training intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine (1.5 and 3 andmicro;g/rat) impaired inhibitory avoidance memory. Amnesia produced by pre-training scopolamine was reversed by pre-test administration of the same dose of scopolamine that is due to a state-dependent effect. Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) also impaired inhibitory avoidance memory.Furthermore, pre-test injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) 2 min before the administration of scopolamine inhibited scopolamine state-dependent memory.It can be concluded that the andbeta;1-adrenergic receptors of dorsal hippocampus may play animportant role in scopolamine state-dependent learning Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Analysis and identification of fungal skin infection Caspian salmon () Salmo trutta caspius on farms Mazandaran Province aquaculture
نیوشا علاقمندان مطلق علی حائری روحانی محمدرضا زرین دست محمد ناصحیɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA is found in all areas and has been implicated in the modulation of memory. Three general classes of GABA receptor are known. GABAb receptors were shown to mediate presynaptic inhibitio Moreɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA is found in all areas and has been implicated in the modulation of memory. Three general classes of GABA receptor are known. GABAb receptors were shown to mediate presynaptic inhibition on some nerve endings and postsynaptic inhibition on some cell bodies or dendrites. There is evidence to suggest that the hippocampus plays major roles in short term memory and spatial navigation and dorsal hippocampal interneurons are related to GABAergic systems, the goal of these experiments was investigation the possible involvement of CA1 GABAergic system (GABA b receptor) on spatial and non-spatial memory. In this experiment, 64 male mice (NMRI) with an average weight of 25-30 g, in groups of 8 animals were used. Mice were anesthetized using the intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride (50 mg/kg) plus xylazine (5 mg/kg) and placed in a stereotactic apparatus. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started. Novelty apparatus was used for the assessment of spatial and non-spatial memory retention. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey analysis revealed that, sole intra-CA1 injection of baclofen (GABAb receptor agonist) immediately after training (S4),potentially impairs spatial novelty detection and sole intra-CA1 injection of phaclofen (GABAb receptor antagonist) immediately after training (S4),potentially impairs non-spatial novelty detection. In finally the data postulated that CA1 GABAb receptor involved in spatial and non-spatial memory novelty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - The Inhibition of State-Dependent Learning Induced By Scopolamine Via Blockade of Dorsal Hippocampal Beta1-Adrenergic Receptors in Rats
بهاره پاکپور مجید نوائیان مرتضی پیریAdrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor MoreAdrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor antagonist on scopolamine state-dependent learning were examined in rat dorsal hippocampus. In this experimental study 155 adult male rats were anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic method. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task. In this study Scopolamine as muscarininc receptor antagonist and atenolol as andbeta;1-adrenergic receptor antagonist were used. Pre-training intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine (1.5 and 3 andmicro;g/rat) impaired inhibitory avoidance memory. Amnesia produced by pre-training scopolamine was reversed by pre-test administration of the same dose of scopolamine that is due to a state-dependent effect. Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) also impaired inhibitory avoidance memory.Furthermore, pre-test injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) 2 min before the administration of scopolamine inhibited scopolamine state-dependent memory.It can be concluded that the andbeta;1-adrenergic receptors of dorsal hippocampus may play animportant role in scopolamine state-dependent learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - The Effect of Endurance Training Before Induction of Alzheimers on Learning Memory and the Changes in Hippocampal Gamma-secretasein Male Wistar Rats
Sajjad Rajabi Amiri Alireza Barari Ahmad AbdiThis study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training before induction of Alzheimers on learning, Memory and changes in the hippocampal gamma-secretase in male Wistar rats. For this purpose, 32 8-week-old mature male rats with the avergae weight of 250& MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of endurance training before induction of Alzheimers on learning, Memory and changes in the hippocampal gamma-secretase in male Wistar rats. For this purpose, 32 8-week-old mature male rats with the avergae weight of 250±17g were randomly divided into two groups of rest (16) and exercise (16) beore Alzheimers induction. After 4 weeks (two 15-min intervals with the speed of 10 m/min in first and second weeks, three 15-min intervals with the speed of 15 m/min in the third week,and four 15-min intervals with the speed of 15 m/min in the fourth week, with 5-min stops), each group was divided into two subgroups: 1. Amyloid beta injection, and 2. no injection. After 72 hours, the animals were killed and their hippocampus was removed. The changes of gamma secretase were measured by Real Time PCR and the obtaiend data analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Morris learning and memory test revealed a significant difference between the time elapsed for finding the platform in different groups on the second (p = 0.001, F = 10.758), third (p ≥ 0.001, p = 0.0057) and the fourth days (p = 0.001, F = 4.846). The time elapsed for finding the platform in the rest-injection group Aβ1-42 was significantly longer than the other gorups on all days (p ≥ 0.001). The results of probe test for spatial memory showed that the time spent in the quadrant of the target circle was significantly different for different groups (p = 0.001, F = 9.25). Also, gamma secretase was significantly decreased in the exercise group compared to rest group after Alzheimers induction (p = 0.001). Aerobic exercise before Alzheimers induction leads to a decrease in gamma-secretase and increase in learning and Memory, and it may lead to hyppocampal plasticity that brings about cognitive and functional benefits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - The Effect of Four Weeks of Lemon Essential Oil Consumption and Swimming Training on Memory and Pain in Adult Male Mice
Sara Ahmadizadeh Abdolhassan Doulah Maryam RafieiradWith age, some functions of the nervous system, including avoidance memory, are impaired. The beneficial effects of exercise on neurogenesis, increasing neuronal synapses, the treatment of mental disorders, helping improve brain injuries, and prevention of neurodegenera MoreWith age, some functions of the nervous system, including avoidance memory, are impaired. The beneficial effects of exercise on neurogenesis, increasing neuronal synapses, the treatment of mental disorders, helping improve brain injuries, and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases have been proven. Citrus limon is one of the plants mentioned in traditional medicine for its analgesic effects. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of four weeks of lemon essential oil consumption and swimming training on memory and pain in male mice was investigated. To this end, 40 male mice with a weight of 40± 5 g were studied. The mice were randomly divided into 4 groups including control, swimming group, group receiving lemon essential oil, and group of swimming training + consuming lemon essential oil. Swimming practice consisted of four weeks of swimming in water for 30 minutes per session and five sessions per week, and 50 mg/kg lemon essential oil was administered by gavage. The pain threshold was measured to evaluate the avoidance memory of the shuttle box using the tail flick test. The results showed that the essential oil of lemon and swimming training has significantly reduced pain (p < 0.001). Moreover, the combined consumption of lemon essential oil and swimming training increased memory in male mice (p < 0.001). Aerobic exercise, especially swimming, has had a positive effect on memory consolidation and reduction of pain threshold. Probably, consuming lemon essential oil due to the presence of strong antioxidants can reduce the feeling of pain and improve avoidance memory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - The Effect of Anxiety and Oleuropein-induced Memory Improvement in an Animal Model of Ischemia
Shahrbanoo Alami RostamiCerebral ischemia is a condition not reaching all or part of the brain, blood, and therefore oxygen. According to the property oleuropein antioxidant, the current study was performed aiming at using this substance to affect anxiety and improve memory in ischemic animals MoreCerebral ischemia is a condition not reaching all or part of the brain, blood, and therefore oxygen. According to the property oleuropein antioxidant, the current study was performed aiming at using this substance to affect anxiety and improve memory in ischemic animals. In this study, 50 Wistar rats in the weight range of 200 to 250 g were randomly assigned to 5 groups including: control group; the ischemia group was divided by occlusion of both common carotid arteries and the three ischemia groups that received oleuropein at doses (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) by gavage for 14 days. To cause ischemia, bilateral carotid arteries were isolated, blocked in two, and severed in the middle. Memory assessment was performed using the passive avoidance learning test (shuttle box) and the elevated plus maze device was used to assess anxiety. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD support. Ischemia decreased memory (p <0.001). Anxiety was reduced (p <0.001) and administration of doses of 10, 50, 100 mg/kg oleuropein, especially 100 mg/kg, led to improvement in memory deficits (p <0.001) and anxiety (p <0.001). Based on the results of this study, it seems that oleuropein reduces the severity of cognitive and behavioral disorders caused by hypoperfusion ischemia due to its antioxidant properties and inhibition of free radicals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Therapeutic Effect of Metformin on Necrotic Cell Death of Hippocampal Cells and Improvement of Spatial Memory in the Fetal Rat of Model Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Maryam Sabzali Akram Eidi Mahdi Khaksari Hossin KhastarExposure to alcohol during pregnancy causes a wide range of long-term physiological and behavioral effects, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol syndrome (FASD). Nervous disorders due to alcohol abuse in children with apoptosis in several areas of the brain such as MoreExposure to alcohol during pregnancy causes a wide range of long-term physiological and behavioral effects, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol syndrome (FASD). Nervous disorders due to alcohol abuse in children with apoptosis in several areas of the brain such as the hippocampus is associated with activation of the oxidative-inflammatory cascade and high levels of nerve degeneration. Studies have shown that metformin (1,1-dimethyl hydrochloride), used as a first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, can rapidly cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and have neuroprotective effects in several diseases of the nervous system. The aim of this study was to assess the protective activities of metformin on memory impairment and neuronal necrosis in the rat hippocampus by postnatal alcohol exposure received by gavage on days 2-10 after birth. Moreover, infants received 20 and 40 mg/kg of metformin on days 2-10 after birth. To assess spatial memory, the Morris water maze test was performed 36 days after birth. After the behavioral test, nickel staining was performed to assess necrotic cells. The results revealed that metformin treatment could significantly improve spatial memory impairment (P <0.01) and significantly reduced necrotic neurons in the metformin treatment group compared to the ethanol group (P <0.01). Metformin has been shown to improve spatial memory impairment in neonatal rats exposed to ethanol and significantly prevent necrotic death of hippocampal neurons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - The Effect of Bornyl Acetate on Male Alzheimer's Disease Wistar Rats and In Vitro Amyloid Fibrils and Investigating the Immobility Stress
Hamid-Reza Alipour Parichehreh Yaghmaei Shahin Ahmadian Maryam Ghobeh Azadeh Ebrahim-HabibiAlzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in neuronal death and memory loss as it progresses. Following the progression of this disease, the production of free radicals and inflammatory factors occurs and it is now increasingly widespread, especia MoreAlzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in neuronal death and memory loss as it progresses. Following the progression of this disease, the production of free radicals and inflammatory factors occurs and it is now increasingly widespread, especially among the elderly. Studies show that Bornyl acetate, as a monoterpene, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the present study aims at assessing the effects of Bornyl acetate on AD male Wistar rats. Aβ1-42 was injected into the hippocampus of male rats bilaterally to create the Alzheimer's model. The therapeutic as well as the preventive effects of Bornyl acetate at a dosage (50, 20 mg/kg) were also investigated. Moreover, biochemical enzymes, SOD and MDA, shuttle box behavioral test, histological studies and hematoxylin & eosin and thioflavin-S staining were used to evaluate neurogenesis and amyloid plaques and the effects of short-term restraint stress on AD rats as well as the effects of the compound in vitro. Biochemical factors, histological images and behavioral test of the AD group were significantly different from the control groups and AD group showed a significant decline in learning and memory indices compared with the control group. Also, receiving a Bornyl acetate caused a significant increase in neurogenesis and a significant decrease in plaque density as well as significant changes in biochemical indices and behavioral tests. In addition, Bornyl acetate + restraint stress (R) group elevated learning speed and improved memory compared with the AD group. Notably, the above combination reduced amyloid fibrils in vitro. It seems that this compound can improve memory disorders and complications according to the results of the present study and previous reports suggest the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Bornyl acetate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - The Improver Effect of Noscapine in Comparison with Clonazepam on Short-Term Memory in Rat
بیژن ShamsNoscapine is one of the opioid alkaloids used as an appropriate cough and reduces the effects of bronchial asthma patients. It has similar effects on benzodiazepines and associated with anxiety and excessive appetite in animal tests. The effect of benzodiazepines is kno MoreNoscapine is one of the opioid alkaloids used as an appropriate cough and reduces the effects of bronchial asthma patients. It has similar effects on benzodiazepines and associated with anxiety and excessive appetite in animal tests. The effect of benzodiazepines is known to reduce memory and cause forgetfulness, especially before the learning phase. Morris water maze is an extensively used as an animal model for studying memory usage. We aimed to evaluate the effect of noscapine on short-term memory in male Wistar rats practiced at the 6th and 7th-day courses in the Morris water maze.The time elapsed and the distance traveled to find the hidden platform was considered as a measure of memory sensitivity. Noscapine (0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg) improves short-term memoryand clonazepam (2 mg/kg) antagonized this effect. Noscapine may facilitate short-term memory. Part of this work can be done by modifying benzodiazepine receptors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Effect of Ellagic Acid on Motor and Memory Disorders induced by 6-OHDA in Male Rats
Z. Eydipour M. RafieiradParkinson's disease is a prevalent neuropathological disorder induced due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the dense part of substantia nigra. Oxidative stress is regarded as the main factor of this disease that causes death of neurons. Considering the pro MoreParkinson's disease is a prevalent neuropathological disorder induced due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the dense part of substantia nigra. Oxidative stress is regarded as the main factor of this disease that causes death of neurons. Considering the protective antioxidative property of ellagic acid, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ellagic acid on motor disorders and memory of animal model of Parkinson's disease. Forty male rats were divided into 5 groups. To create an animal model, the rats received 6-OHDA neural poison with dose of 8 µg in 2 µl of normal saline solution with 0.01% of ascorbic acid inside medial forebrain bundle (MFB) on the left side of the brain. The treatment groups received ellagic acid with doses of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg for 14 d as gastric gavage and tests were conducted on the rats one day after the last gavage. Ellagic acid improves motor and memory disorders motor disorders and memory resulting from Parkinson's disease particularly at doses 50 mg/kg. Considering the present findings, ellagic acid has a protective effect on 6-OHDA in the experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - تحلیل غیرخطی رفتار ترمومکانیکی مواد مرکب فعال شده بوسیله الیاف آلیاژ حافظه دار
سیامک مقبلی محمدجواد محمودیرفتار عمومی ترمومکانیکی مواد مرکب تقویت­شده با الیاف آلیاژ حافظه­دار با استفاده از یک روش تحلیلی میکرومکانیکی سه­بعدی به­منظور درنظرگرفتن اثر فعال­شدن الیاف پیش­بینی می­شود. کامپوزیت به­واسطه این روش میکرومکانیکی می­تواند تحت با Moreرفتار عمومی ترمومکانیکی مواد مرکب تقویت­شده با الیاف آلیاژ حافظه­دار با استفاده از یک روش تحلیلی میکرومکانیکی سه­بعدی به­منظور درنظرگرفتن اثر فعال­شدن الیاف پیش­بینی می­شود. کامپوزیت به­واسطه این روش میکرومکانیکی می­تواند تحت بارگذاری­های عمومی مکانیکی شامل بارگذاری عمودی و برشی و همچنین حرارتی قرار بگیرد که نهایتاً سبب فعال­شدن الیاف آلیاژ حافظه­دار در زمینه پلیمری می­گردد. با توجه به قابلیت­های مدل میکرومکانیکی ارائه شده، آرایش الیاف در زمینه به­صورت توزیع مریعی شبیه­سازی می­گردد. المان حجمی نماینده­ی کامپوزیت از دو فاز شامل الیاف آلیاژ حافظه­دار و زمینه پلیمری تشکیل می­شود و تحت بارگذاری مکانیکی چرخه­ای محوری قرار می­گیرد. به­منظور نمایش اثر فعال­شدن الیاف بر پاسخ کلی کامپوزیت، رفتار زمینه پلیمر به­صورت الاستیک در نظر گرفته می­شود و الیاف آلیاژ حافظه­دار بهصورت غیرخطی غیرالاستیک بر اساس مدل سه بعدی لاگوداس شبیه­سازی می­گردد. این مدل قادر پیش­بینی اثرات استحاله فاز آلیاژ حافظه­دار و رفتار سوپرالاستیک آن­ها می­باشد. در راستای بسط معادلات ترمومکانیکی آلیاژ حافظه­دار در مدل سلول واحد، از روش حل عددی غیرخطی نیوتن- رافسون استفاده می­گردد. در قسمت نتایج ابتدا اثرات پارامترهای مهم بر پاسخ ترمومکانیکی کامپوزیت بررسی می­گردد و سپس پاسخ­های ترمومکانیکی کامپوزیت در دو بازه دمایی زیاد و کم نشان داده می­شود و اثر فعال­شدن سیم آلیاژ حافظه­دار درون کامپوزیت نمایش داده می­شود. نتایج بیانگر این نکته می­باشند که با افزایش دما کرنش باقیمانده در باربرداری مکانیکی در کامپوزیت کاهش می­یابد به­گونه­ای که هنگامی که دما بالاتر از ناحیه اتمام تشکیل آستنیت باشد کرنش باقیمانده در کامپوزیت به صفر میل می­کند. مقایسه نتایج تحقیق حاضر با تحقیقات موجود در دسترس پیشین، تطابق بسیار خوبی را نشان می­دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - تحلیل ارتعاشات غیرخطی ورق کامپوزیتی با الیاف حافظه دار با در نظر گرفتن تغییرات لحظه ای کسر حجمی فاز مارتنزیت
محمد شرعیات سارا سمایی مجتبی مرادیدر سال­های اخیر، پیشرفت­های زیادی در زمینه­ی تقویت سازه­های کامپوزیتی توسط آلیاژهای حافظه­دار صورت گرفته است. این مواد تحت بارگذاری سیکلی مکانیکی، از طریق ایجاد حلقه­ی برگشت­پذیر هیسترزیس، انرژی مکانیکی را جذب و یا تلف می کنند.این ویژگی­ Moreدر سال­های اخیر، پیشرفت­های زیادی در زمینه­ی تقویت سازه­های کامپوزیتی توسط آلیاژهای حافظه­دار صورت گرفته است. این مواد تحت بارگذاری سیکلی مکانیکی، از طریق ایجاد حلقه­ی برگشت­پذیر هیسترزیس، انرژی مکانیکی را جذب و یا تلف می کنند.این ویژگی­بارز آلیاژهای حافظه­دار، آنها را برای کاربردهای حسگری، عملگری، جذب انرژی ضربه و میرایی ارتعاشات مناسب ساخته است.در کارهای ارائه شده تاکنون، تغییرات فاز لحظه­ای و موضعی سیم حافظه دار طی بارگذاری و باربرداری­های پی­در­پی در زمان ارتعاش سازه به فرمی دقیق بررسی نشده است.در مقاله کنونی، ارتعاشات ورق­ کامپوزیت هیبرید تقویت شده با آلیاژ حافظه­دار، با ارائه الگوریتمی مناسب جهت برطرف نمودن نارسایی یاد شده، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.برای به­دست آوردن معادلات ارتعاشی، از اصل همیلتون و تئوری تغییر شکل برشی مرتبه­ی اول استفاده شده­است. همچنین برای مدل سازی آلیاژ حافظه­دار، از معادلات بنیادین ارائه شده توسط برینسون استفاده شده و حل معادلات زمانی توسط روش انتگرال­گیری زمانی نیومارک صورت گرفته است. سیستم معادلات به دست آمده با استفاده از روش عددی اجزای محدود و کد نویسی به کمک نرم­افزار متلب، حل شده­اند. در این مقاله برای اولین بار تغییرات کسر حجمی مارتنزیت به واسطه­ی تغییرات تنش در هر زمان و تأثیر آن روی خواص مکانیکی آلیاژ حافظه­دار و کامپوزیت هیبرید و نیروی بازیابی آلیاژ حافظه­دار در نظر گرفته شده­اند. در نهایت، تأثیر کسر حجمی فیبرهای حافظه­دار در هر لایه و تأثیر نیروی اعمالی بر رفتار ارتعاشی ورق کامپوزیتی تحت بار ضربه­ای نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - A Comparative Study on Khorramshahr and Berlin`s Townscape According to Cherish Collective Memories
aida baghery beheshty farah habib Zahra Sadat Saeedeh zarabadiThe townscape as a level of relation between human and the environment is recognizable by the objectivity of the place and according to the observer`s mentality has valuable specifics that shapes the memories. Although it is a collection of individual memories, also by MoreThe townscape as a level of relation between human and the environment is recognizable by the objectivity of the place and according to the observer`s mentality has valuable specifics that shapes the memories. Although it is a collection of individual memories, also by emphasize on shared events be a reason to expand collective memories the purpose of this paper is to compare between the townscape of Berlin and Khorramshahr based on criteria driven from expert ideas and to achieve a degree of correlation between them. This research is in the field of applied research. In the process of this research different methods of historical research, comparison, content analysis, professional literature studies and Pearson correlation test have been used by SPSS software. The results of the study shows that there is five effective criteria to promote collective memory including historical names, past functions, signs (natural and artificial), collective beliefs, and rituals. According to Pearson test, the correlation coefficient of these criteria have the highest value compared to the other criteria. Finally, some strategies have been proposed to enhance the physical identity of Khorramshahr townscape with emphasis on collective memory Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Phenomenology of Change, Continuity and Constancy of the Concept of City and Memory in the Historical Center of Tehran from the Perspective of Architects, Historians and Artists
seyed abdolhadi daneshpour Mehran Alalhesabi Mostafa Hosseini KoumlehNowadays, Iranian cities find their long-standing physical, socio-cultural cohesion in jeopardy due to the change of values, intellectual customs, lifestyles and human relationship with the universe and nature. In such circumstances, collective memories are forgotten an MoreNowadays, Iranian cities find their long-standing physical, socio-cultural cohesion in jeopardy due to the change of values, intellectual customs, lifestyles and human relationship with the universe and nature. In such circumstances, collective memories are forgotten and the soul of the city is completely changed. The aim of this paper is to study the change, continuity and constancy of the concept of city and memory in the historical center of Tehran. The research method is qualitative, adopting a phenomenological strategy. In this article, through a literature review about collective memory, change, continuity and constancy, a theoretical framework for phenomenological study has been developed and based on it, in-depth semi-structured interviews with architects, artists and historians living in the historical center of Tehran has been carried out. The results of this study include the classification of collective memories, the categorization of signs and causes of change in historical areas. Some factors such as the continuation of the local character of some neighborhoods, the presence of religious sites and the continuity of some architectural traditions can be considered as a secret of the continuity of the concept of the city over time and also the continuous presence of Alborz, Valiasr Street, historical buildings, city park, historical bazaars can guarantee the constancy of the city. One can define the optimal threshold of change, continuity and constancy in the historical center in terms of making the restoration overcome demolition, preserving the character of the historical center and local lifestyle during changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Morphic Field Theory in Language Learning
Rozita Zabihi Hasan AhadiAbstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the "morphic field", using language skill as a sample of various skills which people try to learn. The research method was casual-comparative. Three hundred female and male students from Islamic Azad University, South T MoreAbstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the "morphic field", using language skill as a sample of various skills which people try to learn. The research method was casual-comparative. Three hundred female and male students from Islamic Azad University, South Tehran branch have been selected by cluster sampling method. They were all studying in humanities except foreign languages. By using Power point software twenty correct and twenty incorrect Swahili pair words slides displayed for them about 10 seconds. Participants selected and wrote any word they thought they were correct. Internal consistency of these words by Cranach Alpha was 0.84 and its test-retest reliability was 0.87. The results of "binominal test" indicated that participants in % 50 of cases selected 13 words out of 20 correct words. Also, they selected the correct words in %56.25 of the cases. Furthermore, there is significant difference between selection of correct and incorrect words of Swahili language. In addition, there isn’t any significant difference between female and male in selection of correct and incorrect Swahili words. These findings consist with those studies that study Chinese and Russian languages in other countries. Thus, the "Morphic Field" theory is valuable in facilitating learning among the members of one species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - The Effectiveness of Autobiographical Memory Specificity Training (MEST) on Experiential Avoidance Ruminations and Quality of Life among Betrayed Women with Depression Symptoms
seyed masoud dehghan manshadi elham froozandeh mohamad zarehneyestanakMarital Betray is a traumatic and growing factor in different societies causes many problems for betrayed spouse. The purpose of this study was the effectiveness Autobiographical Memory Specificity Training on rumination, experiential avoidance and quality of betrayed w MoreMarital Betray is a traumatic and growing factor in different societies causes many problems for betrayed spouse. The purpose of this study was the effectiveness Autobiographical Memory Specificity Training on rumination, experiential avoidance and quality of betrayed women with depression symptoms in Yazd. For this purpose, during a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study with a control group, 30 betrayed women were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Participants were evaluated in terms of acceptance and practice, rumination and quality of life before and after the intervention. The experimental group received 6 sessions of Autobiographical memory specificity training. Multivariate analysis of covariance results showed that compared to the control group, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in experiential avoidance and mental rumination and a significant increase in the quality of life. It seems that this method can be used as an effective therapeutic intervention in betrayed people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - The impact of cognitive rehabilitation on working memory and verbal fluency in dyslexic students (a single case study)
Farhad Radfar Vahid Nejati Jalil FathabadiDyslexia, a complex neurocognitive disorder that affect literacy development, decoding and encoding processes causes significant deficiencies in the process of developing the basic skills of reading and spelling. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of cog MoreDyslexia, a complex neurocognitive disorder that affect literacy development, decoding and encoding processes causes significant deficiencies in the process of developing the basic skills of reading and spelling. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on working memory and verbal fluency among dyslexic students. Therefore, in an ABA single subject study with a control group, 8 students with dyslexia diagnosis for whom cognitive difficulties such as attention deficit, and working memory was significant were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The subjects participated in 15 sessions of rehabilitation and were presented by assignments related to attentional functions. The subjects were evaluated for working memory and verbal fluency three times in three stages, and also in a time span of four months. The subjects in each group were evaluated10 times using N-BACK and verbal fluency test. The results (visual analysis and effect size) showed that cognitive interventions based on attention games are effective on dyslexic students’ working memory and verbal fluency performance. Strengthening basic cognitive factors such as attention with the use of cognitive rehabilitation in the early years of school can be an effective approach to improve executive functions and treatment among dyslexic students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Comparison of meta-memory in people with symptoms of anxiety, depression and obsessive compulsive disorder in DSM-5
rahim yosefi hasan bafandeh raheb JafariRecently, the concept of meta-memory and its relation to the personality and psychological characteristics of individuals have been considered. One of the interests of this field is whether the personality traits of individuals are related to their meta-memory abilities MoreRecently, the concept of meta-memory and its relation to the personality and psychological characteristics of individuals have been considered. One of the interests of this field is whether the personality traits of individuals are related to their meta-memory abilities, or whether it is possible to find out the extent of the existence of psychological disorders with the state of meta-memory in the individuals. The purpose of this study was comparison of meta-memory in people with symptoms of anxiety, depression and obsessive compulsive disorder in DSM-5. In this causal-comparative study, 180 patients (60 anxious, 60 depressed, 60 obsessive-compulsive) from Psychiatric Clinic of the University of Medical Sciences of Tabriz were selected by sampling available method and compared with 60 non-patients in memory. The results of ANOVA showed that people with anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal people had a significant difference in the level of satisfaction with individual memory, perceived ability, application of memory strategy, and meta-memory. The findings showed that the mean of memory usage strategy of normal people was higher than those with obsessive-compulsive, anxious and depressed symptoms. Paying attention to the role and importance of meta-memory in people with psychological disorders can affect many of their problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - The study of autobiographical memory in immigrant adolescents suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Mostafa Ahadi Ali Reza Moradi Jafar HasaniPost-traumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder which is characterized by persistent re-experiencing, avoidance, arousal and cognitive and emotional symptoms in direct or indirect response while faced with traumatic events. Post-traumatic stress disorder, will cau MorePost-traumatic stress disorder is an anxiety disorder which is characterized by persistent re-experiencing, avoidance, arousal and cognitive and emotional symptoms in direct or indirect response while faced with traumatic events. Post-traumatic stress disorder, will cause several problems in behavior. Although adults with post-traumatic stress disorder suffer from memory impairment, but little information is available on children’s field suffering post-traumatic stress disorder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate autobiographical memory in the immigrant adolescents with traumatic stress disorder. For this purpose, in a comparative study, 22 young immigrants suffering the disease were selected as the target group, and they were compared to 22 young immigrant who did not have any criteria of post-traumatic stress disorder in terms of the autobiographical memory, anxiety and depression. Comparing the means indicated that people with post-traumatic stress disorder are significantly weaker than normal in the autobiographical memory function. While there was no significant differences between the two groups in terms of depression and anxiety. The current studies suggest that the autobiographical memory of post-traumatic stress disorder should be considered as an important factor in diagnostic and therapeutic study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) as Smart Materials Application in Structural Engineering in the Last Decade
R. JamalpourThe shape memory alloys (SMAs) is a specific property some materials have to restore their original shape. This strange behavior has caused these materials to be classified as smart materials. Due to the capabilities of this material, it has been used in all industries, MoreThe shape memory alloys (SMAs) is a specific property some materials have to restore their original shape. This strange behavior has caused these materials to be classified as smart materials. Due to the capabilities of this material, it has been used in all industries, and in the last decade, its use has developed tremendously. In this article, while dealing with their general properties and production method, their applications especially in structural and earthquake engineering have been reviewed and investigated. For this reason, some of the works and studies done by structural engineering researchers in the recent period (from 2014 to 2024) in the field of structural engineering and with the approach of evaluating connections equipped by shape memory alloys have been mentioned. Finally, while examining the details of a Practical study in the field of steel column connection to the foundation, which was done with and without using of shape memory alloys, the advantages of using shape memory alloys in connections are summarized in the results. Manuscript profile
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