Analysis and identification of fungal skin infection Caspian salmon () Salmo trutta caspius on farms Mazandaran Province aquaculture

Subject Areas : Journal of Animal Biology

نیوشا علاقمندان مطلق ¹ , علی حائری روحانی ² , محمدرضا زرین دست ³ , محمد ناصحی ⁴

1 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، گروه زیست شناسی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشگاه تهران، دانشکده علوم، گروه زیست شناسی، تهران، ایران
3 - پژوهشکده علوم شناختی، تهران، ایران
4 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد گرمسار، گروه زیست شناسی، گرمسار، ایران

Received: 2014-09-06 Accepted : 2017-05-21 Published : 2014-07-23

Keywords: Hippocampus (CA1), Baclofen, Phaclofen, Spatial and Non-spatial memory, GABAb receptor,

Abstract :

ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA is found in all areas and has been implicated in the modulation of memory. Three general classes of GABA receptor are known. GABAb receptors were shown to mediate presynaptic inhibition on some nerve endings and postsynaptic inhibition on some cell bodies or dendrites. There is evidence to suggest that the hippocampus plays major roles in short term memory and spatial navigation and dorsal hippocampal interneurons are related to GABAergic systems, the goal of these experiments was investigation the possible involvement of CA1 GABAergic system (GABA b receptor) on spatial and non-spatial memory. In this experiment, 64 male mice (NMRI) with an average weight of 25-30 g, in groups of 8 animals were used. Mice were anesthetized using the intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride (50 mg/kg) plus xylazine (5 mg/kg) and placed in a stereotactic apparatus. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started. Novelty apparatus was used for the assessment of spatial and non-spatial memory retention. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey analysis revealed that, sole intra-CA1 injection of  baclofen (GABAb receptor agonist) immediately after training (S4),potentially impairs spatial novelty detection and sole intra-CA1 injection of  phaclofen (GABAb receptor antagonist) immediately after training (S4),potentially impairs non-spatial novelty detection. In finally the data postulated that CA1 GABAb receptor involved in spatial and non-spatial memory novelty.

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