Effects of Apium graveolens extract on serum calcium and oxalate in ethylene glycol- induced kidney injury in male Wistar rats
Subject Areas : Veterinary Clinical PathologyParisa Mehrparvar 1 , Akram Eidi 2 , Pejman Mortazavi 3 , Shahrbanoo Oryan 4
1 - Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Rat, Ethylene glycol, Celery, Urolithiasis,
Abstract :
Celery (Apium graveolens) is a biennial plant, belonging to family Apiaceae. Various parts of celeryare used in hepatic and spleen disorders, brain disorders, body pain, and sleep disturbances. The present study was planned to investigate the effect of celery ethanolic extract on ethylene glycol induced kidney injury in male Wistar rats. Urolithiasis was induced in hyperoxaluric rat model by giving 0.75% ethylene glycol for 28 days. Animals were divided into 8 groups (n=6) including normal control, urolithiatic control (0.75% ethylene glycol in their drinking water), normal rats receiving celery extract at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg and urolithiatic rats receiving celery extract at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg intragastrically. At the end of the experiment (28 days), blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and serum calcium and oxalate was analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey post hoc test (p<0.05). Significant elevation of serum oxalate and reduction of serum calcium was observed in urolithiatic control rats compared with the normal control rats. Administration of celery extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg produced significant elevation in serum calcium and reduction in serum oxalate in urolithiatic rats. Thus, celery extract could ameliorate urolithiasis induced by ethylene glycol.
References:
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Arumuham, V. and Bycroft, J. (2016). The management of urolithiasis. Surgery, 34(7): 352-360.
Ahmed, Q.S. and Sayedda, K. (2012). Effect of celery (Apium graveolens) seeds extract on protease inhibitor (Ritonavir) induced dyslipidemia. National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine, 3(1): 52-56.
Al-Howiriny, T., Alsheikh, A., Alqasoumi, S., Al-Yahya, M., ElTahir, K. and Rafatullah, S. (2010). Gastric antiulcer, antisecretory and cytoprotective properties of celery in rats. Pharmaceutical Biology, 48(7): 786-793.
Al-Snafi, A.E. (2014). The pharmacology of Apium graveolens. A review. International Journal for Pharmaceutical Research Scholars, 3(1-1): 671-677.
Aquila, S., Giner, R.M., Recio, M.C., Spegazzini, E.D. and Ríos, J.L. (2009). Anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids from Cayaponia tayuya roots. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 121(2): 333-337.
Asif, H.M., Akram, M., Usmanghani, K., Akhtar, N., Shah, P.A., Uzair, M., et al. (2011). Monograph of Apium graveolens Linn. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 5(8): 1494-1496.
Baananou, S., Bouftira, I., Mahmoud, A., Boukef, K., Marongiu, B. and Boughattas, N.A. (2013). Antiulcerogenic and antibacterial activities of Apium graveolens essential oil and extract. Natural Product Research, 27(12): 1075-1083.
Belanger, J.T. (1998). Perillyl alcohol: applications in oncology. Alternative Medicine Review, 3(6): 448-457.
Bos, R. and Fischer, F.C. (1986). Composition of the volatile oils from the roots, leaves and fruits of different taxa of Apium graveolens. Planta Medica, 6: 531.
Calixto, J.B., Beirith, A., Ferreira, J., Santos, A.R.S., Cechinel Filbo, V. and Yunes, R.A. (2000). Naturally occurring antinociceptive substances from plants. Phytotherapy Research, 14: 401-418.
Cao, Z.G., Liu, J.H., Zhou, S.W., Wu, W., Yin, C.P. and Wu, J.Z. (2004). The effects of the active constituents of Alisma orientalis on renal stone formation and bikunin expression in rat urolithiasis model. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi, 84(15): 1276-1279.
Choochote, W., Tuetun, B., Kanjanapothi, D., Rattanachanpichai, E., Chaithong, U., Chaiwong, P., et al. (2004). Potential of crude seed extract of celery, Apium graveolens L., against the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Vector Ecology: Journal of the Society for Vector Ecology, 29(2): 340-346.
Corley, R.A., Bartels, M.J., Weitz, K.K., Soelberg, J.J., Gies, R.A. and Thrall, K.D. (2005). Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for ethylene glycol and its developmentally toxic metabolite, glycolic acid, in adult rats and humans. Toxicological Sciences, 85: 476-490.
Corley, R.A., Wilson, D.M., Hard, G.C., Stebbins, K.E., Bartels, M.J., Soelberg, J.J., et al. (2008). Dosimetry considerations in the enhanced sensitivity of male Wistar rats to chronic ethylene glycol-induced nephrotoxicity. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 228(2): 165-178.
Curhan, G.C., Willett, W.C., Knight, E.L. and Stampfer, M.J. (2004). Dietary factors and the risk of incident kidney stones in younger women. Nurses’ health study II. Archives of Internal Medicine, 164(8): 885-891.
Dong, W., Wei, T., Guang-Ming, Y. and Bao-Chang, C. (2010). Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of flavonoids from Oxytropis falcata Bunge. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 8(6): 461-465.
Ebadi, M. (2007). Pharmacodynamic basis of herbal medicine. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, pp: 89.
Fan, J., Glass, M.A. and Chandhoke, P.S. (1998). Effect of castration and finasteride on urinary oxalate excretion in male rats. Urological Research, 26(1): 71-75.
Feleming, T. (2000). PDR for herbal medicines. New Jersey: Montvale, NJ: Medical Economic Company, pp: 128-129, 173.
Fluke, H. (2005). Medicinal Plants. 6th ed., Tavakoli-Saberi, M., Sedaghat, R., translators. Iran: Tehran, Gulshan Press, pp: 201. [In Persian]
Fouad, A.A., Albuali, W.H., Zahran, A. and Gomaa, W. (2014). Protective effect of naringenin against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 38(2): 420-429.
Gara, S.K., Gupta, S.R. and Sharma, N.D. (1980). Glucosides of Apium graveolens. Planta Medica, 38(4): 363-365.
Ghodasara, J., Pawar, A., Deshmukh, C. and Kuchekar, B. (2010). Inhibitory effect of rutin and curcumin on experimentally-induced calcium oxalate urolithiasis in rats. Pharmacognosy Research, 2(6): 388-392.
Hadjzadeh, M., Khoei, A., Hadjzadeh, Z. and Parizady, M. (2007). Ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa L. seeds on ethylene glycol-induced kidney calculi in rats. Urology Journal, 4(2): 86-90.
Hardani, A., Afzalzadeh, M.R., Amirzargar, A., Mansouri, E. and Meamar, Z. (2015). Effects of aqueous extract of celery (Apium graveolens L.) leaves on spermatogenesis in healthy male rats. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 5(2): 113-119. [In Persian]
He, X., Li, C., Wei, Z., Wang, J., Kou, J., Liu, W., et al. (2016). Protective role of apigenin in cisplatin-induced renal injury. European Journal of Pharmacology, 789: 215-221.
Heim, K.E., Tagliaferro, A.R. and Bobilya, D.J. (2002). Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 13(10): 572-584.
Huang, H.S., Chen, J. and Chen, C.F. (2000). Circulating adhesion molecules and neutral endopeptidase enzymuria in patients with urolithiasis and hydronephrosis. Urology, 55(6): 961-965.
Kamel, K.M., El-Raouf, A., Ola, M., Metwally, S.A., El-Latif, A., Hekma, A., et al. (2014). Hesperidin and rutin, antioxidant citrus flavonoids, attenuate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 28(7): 312-319.
Karadi, R.V., Gadge, N.B., Alagawadi, K.R. and Savadi, R.V. (2006). Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. root-wood on ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 105: 306-311.
Khajavi Rad, A., Hadjzadeh, M.A., Rajaei, Z., Mohammadian, N., Valiollahi, S. and Sonei, M. (2011). The beneficial effect of Cynodon dactylon fractions on ethylene glycol-induced kidney calculi in rats. Urology Journal, 8(3): 179-184.
Khan, S.R. (2005). Hyperoxaluria-induced oxidative stress and antioxidants for renal protection. Urological Research, 33(5): 349-357.
Khan S.R. (2006). Renal tubular damage/dysfunction: key to the formation of kidney stones. Urological Research, 34(2): 86-91.
Knoll, T.H. (2010). Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of urolithiasis. European Urology Supplements, 9(12): 802-806.
Kumar, S. and Pandey, A.K. (2013). Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: an overview. The Scientific World Journal, 2013: 1-16.
Kupeli, E. and Yesilada, E. (2007). Flavonoids with anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity from Cistus laurifolius L. leaves through bioassay-guided procedures Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 112(3): 524-530.
Lans, C.A. (2006). Ethnomedicines used in Trinidad and Tobago for urinary problems and diabetes mellitus. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2: 45.
Lee, Y.H., Huang, W.C., Huang, J.K. and Chang, L.S. (1996). Testosterone enhances whereas estrogen inhibits calcium oxalate stone formation in ethylene glycol treated rats. The Journal of Urology, 156(2): 502-505.
Leth, P.M. and Gregersen, M. (2005). Ethylene glycol poisoning. Forensic Science International, 155(2-3): 179-184.
Mansi, K., Abushoffa, A.M., Disi, A. and Aburjai, T. (2009). Hypolipidemic effects of seed extract of celery (Apium graveolens) in rats. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 5(20): 301-305.
Momin, R.A., Ramsewak, R.S. and Nair, M.G. (2000). Bioactive compounds and 1, 3-Di [(cis)-9-octadecenoyl]-2-[(cis, cis)-9, 12-octadecadienoyl] glycerol from Apium graveolens L. Seeds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48(9): 3785-3788.
Momin, R.A. and Nair, M.G. (2001). Mosquitocidal, nematicidal, and antifungal compounds from Apium graveolens L. seeds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(1): 142-145.
Murray, M.S., Holmes, R.P. and Lowther, W.T. (2008). Active site and loop 4 movements within human glycolate oxidase: implications for substrate specificity and drug design. Biochemistry, 47(8): 2439-2449.
Naema, N.F., Dawood, B. and Hassan, S.A. (2010). A study of some Iraqi medicinal plants for their spasmolytic and antibacterial activities. Journal of Basrah Researches (Sciences), 36(6): 67-73.
Nishijima, S., Sugaya, K., Hokama, S., Morozumi, M. and Ogawa, Y. (2004). Effect of dehydroepiandro-sterone on oxalate metabolism in rats. Frontiers in Bioscience, 9: 1360-1364.
Pawar, A.T., Gaikwad, G.D., Metkari, K.S., Tijore, K.A., Ghodasara, J.V. and Kuchekar, B.S. (2012). Effect of Terminalia chebula fruit extract on ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in rats. Biomedicine and Aging Pathology, 2(3): 99-103.
Pellegrino, B., Parravani, A., Cook, L. and Mackay, K. (2006). Ethylene glycol intoxication: disparate findings of immediate versus delayed presentation. The West Virginia Medical Journal, 102(4): 32-34.
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