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Open Access Article
1 - ‘Enhancement of future competitiveness in branches of Islamic Azad University Tehran’
zahra dehnavi Hamid Reza Arasteh Parivash JafariExtensive Abstract: The purpose of this study was to enhance a competitiveness model for Islamic Azad University branches in the future. The research was applied and mixed. The community and statistical sample in the qualitative section included scientific and academic MoreExtensive Abstract: The purpose of this study was to enhance a competitiveness model for Islamic Azad University branches in the future. The research was applied and mixed. The community and statistical sample in the qualitative section included scientific and academic experts with managerial positions and in quantitative section included faculty members of the universities in Tehran province. Sampling method was done as a probabilistic sampling in qualitative and non-probabilistic section in quantitative part. In the qualitative section, a tool was used to interview experts and in quantitative section a researcher-made questionnaire was used.To analyze the information and qualitative data, content analysis and in the quantitative part of the normalization test, single-sample and group tests, linear regression, structural equation modleling and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The findings highlighted the dimensions and indicators of competitiveness, and also showed that universities have problems in all of these indicators and dimensions(competitiveness).The problem is that in respondent's opinion, in all the indicators and dimensions of the existing situation with the desirable situation (efficiency and performance of the university according to available tools and facilities), there is a significant difference. This means that the universities of Tehran province have not been able to achieve the desired result and have been weak in all dimensions and indexes, and finally the final modle is presented in a desirable situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Food-grade nanoemulsions and their fabrication methods to increase shelf life
Mina Nasiri Anousheh Sharifan Hamed Ahari Amir Ali Anvar Shapour Kakoolaki -
Open Access Article
3 - Results on Generalization of Burch’s Inequality and the Depth of Rees Algebra and Associated Graded Rings of an Ideal with Respect to a Cohen-Macaulay Module
محمد Tohidi Amir Mafi خدیجه AhmadiLet be a local Cohen-Macaulay ring with infinite residue field, an Cohen - Macaulay module and an ideal of Consider and , respectively, the Rees Algebra and associated graded ring of , and denote by the analytic spread of Burch’s inequality says that and equality MoreLet be a local Cohen-Macaulay ring with infinite residue field, an Cohen - Macaulay module and an ideal of Consider and , respectively, the Rees Algebra and associated graded ring of , and denote by the analytic spread of Burch’s inequality says that and equality holds if is Cohen-Macaulay. Thus, in that case one can compute the depth of associated graded ring of as In this paper we extend results in case of rings and ideals to the case of modules and we show that for associated graded module of with respect to i.e, , such an equality is also valid when is not necessarily Cohen-Macaulay, and we extend Burch’s inequality to modules. Also, we compute the Rees Algebra and associated graded ring of generically complete intersection of an ideal with respect to module in local Cohen - Macaulay ring and we obtain positive results for ideals with analytic deviation less or equal than one and reduction number at most two with respect to module Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Graded strongly prime submodules over graded commutative rings
Farkhondeh Farzalipour Peyman Ghiasvand Masoomeh Hezarjaribi DastakiLet G be a group with identity e, R a graded ring and M a graded R-module. ‎A‎ proper graded submodule ‎ N of ‎ M ‎is said ‎‎to ‎be‎ graded strongly ‎‎prime,‎ if we have ((N+Rx_g):_RM)y_h⊆N, then x_g∈ N or y_h&i MoreLet G be a group with identity e, R a graded ring and M a graded R-module. ‎A‎ proper graded submodule ‎ N of ‎ M ‎is said ‎‎to ‎be‎ graded strongly ‎‎prime,‎ if we have ((N+Rx_g):_RM)y_h⊆N, then x_g∈ N or y_h∈N ‎‎for all x_g,y_h∈h(M)‎‎‎‎‎. In this paper, we introduce the concept of graded strongly prime submodules as a generalization of graded prime submodules and we investigate some examples and basic properties of graded strongly prime submodules and state new results in this regard. In fact, in this article we show that the concept of graded strongly prime submodules is different from the concept of graded prime submodules. In continuing, we study the behavior of this structure module homomorphis, localization, quotient modules, Cartesian product. Finally, we state two kind of graded submodules of the amalgamation module along a graded ideal and investigate conditions under which they are graded strongly prime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Content Analysis of Math Textbooks in the First level of Primary School Based on the Components of Sustainability Education with Shannon Entropy Technique
Seyedeh Zahra Shamsi Papkiade Mohammadreza sarmadi Elahe Aminifar Seyed Mohammad ShobeiriBackground and Objective: The existence of unique challenges in the present age has caused the need for real changes in a completely new way of thinking and acting in society. Therefore, the use of sustainability education in the production of fully aware human resource MoreBackground and Objective: The existence of unique challenges in the present age has caused the need for real changes in a completely new way of thinking and acting in society. Therefore, the use of sustainability education in the production of fully aware human resources, especially given the basic skills of understanding and knowledge required in the 21st century, is critical. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the content of the first grade primary mathematics textbooks based on the components of sustainability education. Material and Methodology: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study. Unit of analysis (images, text, class activity and practice and class work). The statistical population is the mathematics textbooks of the first primary school. In this study, the entire content was analyzed based on three components of sustainability education (economic, social and environmental). The sample size was the same as the statistical population and was considered as a census. To confirm the validity and checklist, face and content validity with the opinions of experts was used and its reliability was 0.92 by Holstie method and Shannon entropy method was used to process the collected data. Findings: Findings showed that environmental images in all three levels have a higher frequency than the other unit of analysis and among all the components of sustainability education, the environmental component in all the first primary courses had the highest and the lowest economic frequency. Also, based on the information load criterion and the coefficient of importance, the environmental criterion has the highest value in the first grade and the social criterion in the second and third grades. Also, sustainability education in the second and third grades were the same. Discussion and Conclusion: The affidavits emphasize that the necessary balance and coherence between the three components of sustainability education has not been established and that the components of sustainability education have not been given due attention in the content of the first period math textbooks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Identifying the Components of the Green Curriculum and Presenting the Desired Model in Order to Promote the Environmental Culture of the Second Grade Elementary Students
afsane ahmadimoghadam Mahboubeh Soleimanpour Omran Behrang Esmaeili Shad SaeidianBackground and Objective: The Green Curriculum is a practical program for sustainable learning, sustainable and systematic and interdependent education. The present study was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the optimal model of green curriculum in ord MoreBackground and Objective: The Green Curriculum is a practical program for sustainable learning, sustainable and systematic and interdependent education. The present study was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the optimal model of green curriculum in order to promote the environmental culture of elementary school students in 2020using a mixed exploratory research design. Material and Methodology: In the qualitative part, the thematic analysis method was used with inductive approach and in the quantitative part; the descriptive survey method was used. Based on the obtained components, a 73-item questionnaire was constructed. In order to validate the questionnaire, face validity, content validity and construct validity were used. The statistical sample in the quantitative section included 395 specialists in the field of curriculum, professors of educational sciences, deputies and directors of education in Khorasan Razavi province. In order to analyze the data, confirmatory factor analysis method and covariance-based structural equation modeling approach were used. Findings: Findings showed that the measurement tool had factor validity. Also, the values related to estimating Cronbach's alpha coefficient in order to measure the internal correlation of basic themes were higher than 0.7, so the measuring tool related to these concepts had sufficient measurement accuracy. Discussion and Conclusion: The findings of the content analysis led to the design of a green curriculum model with 4 organizing themes and 20 basic themes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Comparative Content Analysis of Mathematics Textbooks in first Grade Students of Elementary Schools in Iran, Japan and America
E. Reyhani M. Izadi -
Open Access Article
8 - Study the effect of teaching sociological studies with project method on elementary school 6th grade male students’ environmental literacy
sardar akbari maryam sameriAime: the present study has been accomplished with the purpose of “The effect of teaching sociological studies with project method on elementary school 6th grade male students’ environmental literacy”. Methods:The project method was of pseud-experimen MoreAime: the present study has been accomplished with the purpose of “The effect of teaching sociological studies with project method on elementary school 6th grade male students’ environmental literacy”. Methods:The project method was of pseud-experimental kind which were used in pre-test and post-test with group control plans in its accomplishment. The sample of present research comprise 70 male students of elementary school 6th grade in Dist.1 of Urmia City in academic year 2016-2017 that were selected randomly using convenience sampling and were randomly categorized into 2 groups. In the present study, Salehi Omran and Agha Mohamadi’s Environmental Literacy Measurement Tool (2008) was used with approved contextual justifiability and sustainability coefficient of 771/0 for data collecting. For data analyze descriptive statistics (indexes of central tendecy and dispersion) and inferential (T-test of 2 independent groups and Analyze of Covariance (ANCOVA) were used. Results:The results showed that there is an significant difference among the students’ mean grade points in testing and controlling groups regarding their environmental literacy (knowledge, attitude and potentiality) with fault level of 5% (p <05/0) and the difference is in favor of students with the project method. Conclution: Therefore, it can be concluded that using active project teaching method has a positive effect on students’ environmental literacy. Therefore, it is recommended to provide students with the necessary resources to implement a project teaching method in schools in order to increase the environmental literacy of the students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Identification of factors affecting quality improvement of multi-grade classes in Elementary Schools
esmat badakhshan targhi mahbobeh solimanpour omran rokhsareh fazliMulti-grade classes are one of the important strategies of the Ministry of Education in order to provide access to quality education for students in less developed and remote areas with less population. The aim of the present study was to identify the factors affecting MoreMulti-grade classes are one of the important strategies of the Ministry of Education in order to provide access to quality education for students in less developed and remote areas with less population. The aim of the present study was to identify the factors affecting the quality of multi-grade classes. This research was conducted using qualitative approach and thematic analysis method in 1400. The statistical population includes educational leaders, professors of North Khorasan, Razavi and South Khorasan provinces who have teaching experience in multi-level classes or about multi-level classes. The statistical sample of this research is 12 university professors and educational leaders who were selected using the purposeful sampling method. The data was collected using a semi-structured interview based on the principle of saturation. After analyzing the data using review validation by the interviewees, peer review, and note taking, 198 primary codes were obtained, which were grouped into 35 general categories. The model obtained from this research showed that in the quality of multi-grade classes, 5 main themes include professional competence and characteristics related to the teacher, family, physical condition of the class and schools, macro-educational policies and themes related to learners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Functionally Graded Materials: Processing Techniques and Applications
A Rabieifar V Abouei Mehrizi M Ghanbari Haghighi -
Open Access Article
11 - Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Titanium/HA FGM for Dental Implantation
Sina Sazesh Aazam Ghassemi Reza Ebrahimi Mohammad Khodaei -
Open Access Article
12 - Multi layered finite element analysis of graded coatings in frictional rolling contact
R. Jahedi S. Adibnazari -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigation on Stress Distribution of Functionally Graded Nanocomposite Cylinders Reinforced by Carbon Nanotubes in Thermal Environment
Mohammad morad Sheikhi Hamidreza Shamsolhoseinian Rasool Moradi dastjerdi -
Open Access Article
14 - Theoretical Predictions on Mechanical Properties of Functionally Graded Epoxy/Clay Nanocomposites
Mahdi Karami Khorramabadi -
Open Access Article
15 - Buckling Analysis of Discontinues Fractional Axially Graded Thin Beam with Piecewise Axial Load Function Rested on Rotational Spring Hinges
Abbas Heydari -
Open Access Article
16 - Free Vibration of Functionally Graded Epoxy/Clay Nanocomposite Beams based on the First Order Shear Deformation Theory
Mahdi Karami Khorramabadi -
Open Access Article
17 - Stress Wave Propagation in 2D Functionally Graded Media: Optimization of Materials Distribution
Parham Rajabi Hossein Rahmani Alireza Amiri -
Open Access Article
18 - Dynamic Response of FGM Plates Under Blast Load
reza azarafza puya pirali Ali Davar majid ghadimiThe present study investigates the deformation of FGM plates under blast load. Hamilton's principle is used to obtain the dynamic Equations. The two constituent phases, ceramic and metal, vary across the wall thickness according to a prescribed power law. Boundary condi MoreThe present study investigates the deformation of FGM plates under blast load. Hamilton's principle is used to obtain the dynamic Equations. The two constituent phases, ceramic and metal, vary across the wall thickness according to a prescribed power law. Boundary conditions are assumed to be Simply Supported (SS). The type of explosive loading considered is a free in-air spherical air burst and creates a spherical shock wave that travels radially outward in all directions. For the pressure time of the explosion loading, Friedlander’s exponential relation has been used. In order to determine the response analytically, the stress potential field function is considered. Using the Galerkin method, the final Equations are obtained as nonlinear and nonhomogeneous second-order differential Equations. The effect of temperature including thermal stress resultants and different parameters on the dynamic response have been investigated. Results have been compared with references and validated. Results showed that the amplitude of the center point deflection of the FGM plate is less than the pure metal plates when exposed to blast load, by increasing the volumetric index percentage of FGM, center point deflection is increased and in the FGM plates, deformation of symmetrical plates is smaller than the asymmetric plates. Also by applying the damping coefficient of the FGM plates, the amplitude of center point deflection is reduced, and by increasing the aspect ratio of the FGM plate, its center point deflection against explosion waves is reduced and by considering the effects of thermal resultant forces and moments, center point deflection is increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Evaluation of Critical Buckling Load in FG Plate using Analytical and Finite Elements Methods
Hossein Ahmadi Rashid AMIR GHIASVAND Maziar Mahdipour Jalilian Mahdi Kazemi -
Open Access Article
20 - The effect of teacher autonomy support and causality orientations of autonomy on educational alienation of second grade high school students with mediating role basic psychological needs
Javad keyhan mehdi KazemzadehbeytaliThe main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of teacher autonomy support, causality orientations of autonomy, basic psychological needs and the high school educational alienation in the form of a causal model. This descriptive-correlational study was a MoreThe main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of teacher autonomy support, causality orientations of autonomy, basic psychological needs and the high school educational alienation in the form of a causal model. This descriptive-correlational study was a structural equation modeling using path analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female high school students who were studying in the city of Urmia in 2015-2016. A total of 300 people were selected using random cluster sampling Which was used to determine the sample size from the Morgan table. Data were gathered throughstandard questionnaires of; Educational alienation (Dillon and Grout, 1976), Basic psychological needs (La Guardia and Couchman, 2000), Teacher autonomy support (Black and Deci, 2000), and Orientation causal of autonomous (Rose, Markland and Parfitt, 2001). Data using path analysis, were analyzed. The results of this study showed that support for teacher autonomy and autonomous locus of control have a significant positive effect on basic psychological needs (P<0.01). Basic psychological needs of students with alienation have a significant negative effect (P<0.01). Supporting teacher autonomy and autonomous locus of controlhave a significant negative impact on students academic alienation (P<0.01). Finally, the basic psychological need the effect between teacher autonomy support and autonomous causal tendenciesplay a mediating role with alienation from school students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Effectiveness of Quality of Life Therapy on Internet Addiction, Lonliness, and Selfe-steem of Female Second Grade High School Students
samaneh rezaiee Hadi farhadiThis research intended to investigate the effects of quality of life therapy on internet addiction, lonliness and self- esteem in second grade high school students. The sample included 435 second grade high school female students in Kaashan, Iran who were selected throu MoreThis research intended to investigate the effects of quality of life therapy on internet addiction, lonliness and self- esteem in second grade high school students. The sample included 435 second grade high school female students in Kaashan, Iran who were selected through convenient sampling. 88 students who were recognized to have internet addiction were chosen, and were randomly assigned to two groups, namely, an experimental group(n-25), and a control group(n-25).The instruments were: Internet Addiction Questionnaire (Young,1996) Lonliness Questionnaire(Russel,1980), and Self Esteem Questionnaire (Eysenck,1976). Analysis of covariances was run to analyze the gathered data. The results revealed that the quality of life therapy can reduce internet addiction and lonliness and it can enhace self esteem and after one month the finding did not change, and they were stable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Grade of Elementary School in Isfahan City in the Academic Year
فاطمه ترکلادانی محسن گلپرور مختار ملکپور محسن گلپرورThe purpose of this research is study the effect of life skills to mother in order to behavior problems decrease of students in primary schools in Isfahan. This half experimental research is, pre-exam, sup-exam type with controls group. Statistical’s social is made up MoreThe purpose of this research is study the effect of life skills to mother in order to behavior problems decrease of students in primary schools in Isfahan. This half experimental research is, pre-exam, sup-exam type with controls group. Statistical’s social is made up of students in elementary school (include third grade till five grade in Isfahan between the years of ). The way of sampling in research in order to selection of schools is life a cluster in poly stage and in order to selection of examination is based on the advantage of their behavior problems. So between the five regions of education in Isfahan, one of them accidentally was selected. And then of this region, one primary schools accidentally was selected for girls and the other one was selected for boys. Between these two elementary schools they did test the student in grad. And about student who had behavior problems were distinguished and were selected as statistical’s sample and then were divided into exam and control group. It was given some life skills to mothers in exam group during sessions. The result of research showed that teaching of life skills to mothers in exam group to compare with control group is decreasing students’ problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Comparing the Effectiveness of Training Kohlbergâs Hypothetical Dilemmas, Training the Real Life Dilemmas, and Training Positive Emotion Induction on Moral Decision Making
توران علیزاده شعله امیری محمد طاهر نشاط دوست هوشنگ طالبیThe aim of the research was to study the effectiveness of training Kohlberg’s dilemmas procedures, real life dilemmas, and positive emotion induction on moral decision making. This was a pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental study with control group. The sample cons MoreThe aim of the research was to study the effectiveness of training Kohlberg’s dilemmas procedures, real life dilemmas, and positive emotion induction on moral decision making. This was a pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental study with control group. The sample consisted of 120. female students selected via multistep cluster sampling method, who were randomly, assigned into four groups. The experimental groups received Kohlberg’s dilemmas and real life dilemmas during 8 sessions, 70 minutes each, one group was induced by positive emotion and the control group was left untreated. All the participants completed the daily moral decision making task (Starke et.l, 2011) as the pre-test, post-test and the follow up. Adopting MANCOVA and ANCOVA for data analysis, the findings showed that, training groups and induction positive emotion were effective in moral decision making (P < 0.05). The follow up L.S.D test showed that although all intervention methods were effective in moral decision making (P=0.01), none of the interventions had significant difference with each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The Effect of Academic Grades, Neuroticism and Self-Regulated Learning Strategies on Academic Burnout: Testing a Conceptual Model
Shahram Vahedi Touraj hashemi Sina Shafiei SoorkThis descriptive study investigated the effect of Academic grades, neuroticism and self-regulated learning strategies on academic burnout to test a theoretical model. The statistical population consisted of all undergraduate students from Azad University-Ashkezar b MoreThis descriptive study investigated the effect of Academic grades, neuroticism and self-regulated learning strategies on academic burnout to test a theoretical model. The statistical population consisted of all undergraduate students from Azad University-Ashkezar branch (1162 people). Sample of 290 students were selected using cluster sampling. Data were collected by neuroticism scale (McCrae & Costa, 1992), Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich & De Groot, 1990) and academic burnout inventory (Bresó, Salanova & Schaufeli, 2007) and were analyzed by simple correlation and path analysis. Our results, consistent with the hypotheses showed that grades (P < 0.05) and neuroticism (P < 0.01) positively and self-efficacy (P < 0.01), intrinsic value (P < 0.01) and self-regulation (P < 0.05) negatively affect academic burnout. Also neuroticism (P < 0.05), self-efficacy (P < 0.01) and intrinsic value (P < 0.05) affect academic burnout via mediator variable of self-regulation. In total, 58% of the variance of academic burnout was explained by those variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Investigating Construct Validity of Emotional Working Memory via the Cognitive–Emotional-Social Working Memory Training Package in 5th Grade Female Elementary School Students in Tehran
mozhgan hassani mohammad ali nadi ilnaz sajjadianThis study aimed to investigate construct validity of emotional working memory via the cognitive–emotional-social working memory training package in 5th grade female elementary school students in Tehran. The research employed a pretest-posttest and follow-up semi- MoreThis study aimed to investigate construct validity of emotional working memory via the cognitive–emotional-social working memory training package in 5th grade female elementary school students in Tehran. The research employed a pretest-posttest and follow-up semi-experimental research design with the control group. The statistical population consisted of all 5th grade female students of Tehran during the academic year 2015-2016. Those students with working memory impairment were selected via multi-stage cluster random sampling using the Wechsler Software Working Memory Scale. Then, from among them, 40 students were randomly selected and divided into two 20-participant experimental and control groups. The cognitive-emotional-social working memory training was performed in 20 sessions for the experimental group. Before and after the intervention and two months later (follow up), participants answered to the Wechsler Software Working Memory Scale (Khodadadi, Mashhadi and Amani, 2009) and emotional working memory (Ladouceur, Silk, Dahl, Ostapenko, Kronhaus, & Phillips, 2009). The research data were analyzed using ANCOVA. According to the results of the study, the cognitive-emotional-social working memory training significantly improved the attention performance and emotional working memory (P > 0.01). As a result, emotional working memory enjoys acceptable construct validity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Prediction of Elementary School Student’s Machiavellian Beliefs by Parenting Styles The Prediction of Machiavellian beliefs of elementary students based on parenting styles
zahra eshami chehrazi Maryam Ghorbani Asghar AghaeiThe purpose of this research was to explore the role of the children's Machiavellian beliefs in predicting parenting styles. The research method was descriptive statistical population included all fourth and fifth grade elementary school students and their mothers in th MoreThe purpose of this research was to explore the role of the children's Machiavellian beliefs in predicting parenting styles. The research method was descriptive statistical population included all fourth and fifth grade elementary school students and their mothers in the academic year in Isfahan in 2014-2015. Therefore 361 (177 boys and 184 girls) elementary school students and their mothers were selected as the sample using cluster random sampling from the five areas of education.Research tools included Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Baumrind, 1972) and Machiavellian Beliefs Scale for Children (Christie & Geis, 1970).The data was analyzed using by stepwise regression. The results of regression analysis showed that authoritarian parenting style is 16% can predict Machiavellian beliefs in this level (p< 0.01). According to the results of this study can be said the authoritarian parenting style has a negative effect on children’s Cognitive development and their social behaviors because of its authoritarian governing structure, lack of discussion, and Lack of attention to children's needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The effectiveness of art therapy based on Drawing on general anxiety disorder and Physical injury fears in fourth grade male students
akram pakzadmoghadam ghasem askari zadeh masoud bagheriThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of art therapy based on Drawing on general anxiety disorder and Physical injury fears in primary school students. This research was a semi-experimental, pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistica MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of art therapy based on Drawing on general anxiety disorder and Physical injury fears in primary school students. This research was a semi-experimental, pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population included all fourth grade elementary school boys in Kerman in 1396-97. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used and three schools were randomly selected from among the boys' primary schools in Kerman. Then sampling was done. Forty-seven students with high anxiety scores were selected based on the Anxiety Inventory (Spence, 1998). Finally, after matching based on anxiety scores, 30 students were randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 15 people. Drawing art therapy was performed on the students of the experimental group during 12 sessions of 90 minutes, two days a week. Students in the control group did not receive any training during this period. At the end of the intervention, anxiety inventory were performed on the students of the two groups. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that art therapy based Drawing reduced general anxiety disorder and fear of physical harm in primary school students (p <0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Predicting parenting styles based on educational motivation and critical thinking mediated by hardiness in second grade female students
parnian rezazadeh mahbobeh aslami Soroush AlimardaniThe aim of this study was to predict parenting styles based on educational motivation and critical thinking with respect to the mediating role of hardiness. The research method was applied research and its implementation method was descriptive (non-experimental) and the MoreThe aim of this study was to predict parenting styles based on educational motivation and critical thinking with respect to the mediating role of hardiness. The research method was applied research and its implementation method was descriptive (non-experimental) and the research design was relational - Correlation and mediator analysis. The statistical population of this study was female primary school students in KARAJ (district 4) in 2017, from which 400 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Research data were collected through these ways: parenting style questionnaire (Baumrind, 1971), educational motivation questionnaire (Harter, 1980), Ricketts critical thinking orientation questionnaire (Ricketts, 2003) and Ahvaz Hardiness Inventory, (2000). In order to test the hypotheses and analyze the data, multiple regression and SOBEL test were used. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between dictatorial, authoritarian and negligent parenting styles with students' educational motivation and critical thinking (P = 0.001). Also, educational motivation and critical thinking were able to predict parenting styles due to their hardiness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Structural Impact of Attachment Styles on Perceived Competency Mediated by Dignity in Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Grade Elementary Students
parisa khojasteh jalal Davood Manavipour Mojtaba Sedaghati FardThe aim of this study was the structural effect of attachment styles on perceived competency mediated by self-esteem in fourth, fifth and sixth grade elementary students. This study was a descriptive-analytical correlational study. The statistical population included al MoreThe aim of this study was the structural effect of attachment styles on perceived competency mediated by self-esteem in fourth, fifth and sixth grade elementary students. This study was a descriptive-analytical correlational study. The statistical population included all students of the second year of elementary school (fourth, fifth and sixth) in the city of Quds in 2019-2020. The sample consisted of 400 fourth, fifth and sixth grade elementary students 200 girls and 200 boys) who were selected by simple random sampling and completed The Harter Children's Self-Perception Profile, Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Questionnaire, and The Kinship Center Attachment Questionnaire. Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling were used using SPSS version 24 and LiserL 8 software. The results showed that attachment styles predict competency perception, directly and through self-esteem. The results of this study showed that planners and counselors to pay attention to the important and fundamental role of self-esteem and attachment styles to increase competence perception in students and to promote them by holding workshops. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Comparing the effect of behavioral parenting training of mothers social skilled training of children on emotional regulation and behavioral symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in fourth grade male students
Farid Saeedeh hasan mirzahoseini Nader MonirpourThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of behavioral parenting training to mothers with training social skills to children on emotional regulation and symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in children. The method of this research was semi-experimenta MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of behavioral parenting training to mothers with training social skills to children on emotional regulation and symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in children. The method of this research was semi-experimental and including pre-test-post-test designs with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population of the study included fourth grade male students and their mothers who had referred to psychology clinics in Tehran District 5 between August and September 2020. From the mentioned community, 50 children with oppositional defiant disorder who met the inclusion criteria were selected and 45 of them were assigned to three groups of 15 according to Morgan table by purposive sampling method. The sessions of the experimental group consisted of 12 90-minute sessions in which children were taught social skills in one of the experimental groups. In the other experimental group, mothers of children received behavioral parenting training and the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the study. In order to assess the participants, DSM 5 criteria were used to diagnose oppositional defiant disorder and the (Shields & Cicchetti, 1997) Emotion Regulation Checklist and (Achenbach's, 1991) Child Behavior Checklist. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics, analysis of covariance and pairwise comparison were used by Sidak test. The results showed that both methods were effective for emotional regulation and behavioral symptoms (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the two methods for research variables and their dimensions (P>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - A comparative study on the effects of three methods of group education of academic vitality, positivism, and time perspective on academic engagement and academic vitality of ninth-grade male students
Mohsen sharifi mozhgan arefi asghar aghaeiThe present study aimed to compare the effects of group education of academic vitality, positivism, and time perspective on academic engagement and academic vitality of ninth-grade male students in Isfahan. This study was a quasi-experimental research with a four-group MoreThe present study aimed to compare the effects of group education of academic vitality, positivism, and time perspective on academic engagement and academic vitality of ninth-grade male students in Isfahan. This study was a quasi-experimental research with a four-group three-stage design. The statistical population of the study included ninth-grade male students in the academic year of 2020-2021. The sample size included 72 ninth- grade students who were selected by purposeful sampling method. Data measurement tools included Academic Engagement Questionnaire (Fredericks, Blumenfeld & Paris, 2004) and Academic Vitality Questionnaire (Dehghanizadeh & Huseinchari, 2013). Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance. These analyzes were performed using SPSS-22 software. The results revealed a significant difference among the groups in the scores of academic engagement and scores of academic vitality in the studied methods (P <0.05). School counselors and psychologists who want to improve students' academic engagement and vitality are recommended to use workshops on the effectiveness of educational vitality, positivism, and time perspective as much as possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The Effect of Teaching of Mindfulness Skills on Neurological Functions in First grade high school Hyperactive Students in Ardabil city
Ehsan Golestani akbar atadokhtThis study aimed to investigate the effect of teaching mindfulness skills on neurological functions in hyperactive students. The method of this study was experimental and pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of teaching mindfulness skills on neurological functions in hyperactive students. The method of this study was experimental and pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all students of the first high school of Ardebil in the academic year 1397-1398. At first, from of five educational area in Ardabil city, the first area and from of 8 high school on that area, 2 high school were selected by cluster sampling method, and then 36 students with hyperactive symptoms were selected by purposeful sampling method and were assigned to two experimental and control groups each 18 subjects. For collecting data, The SNAP-IV scale (Swanson, Nolan & Pelham, 2001) and The Classic Stroop test software (Khodadadi, Mashhadi & Amani, 2014) were used in the form of pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed by Levin, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and covariance analysis tests. The results showed that the difference between the score interference and time interference in the post test between the experimental and control groups was significant at the alpha level of 0.05, indicating that the training of mindfulness skills have affects in reducing the interference of the score and the interference of time in the classic Stroop test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Examining the Relationship between Students’ Levels of Perfectionism and their Achievements in English Learning
Farhad Ghorbandordinejad -
Open Access Article
34 - Analyzing the Readability Level of the English Textbooks Used in Jordan
Rami Abu Abdullah Khataybeh -
Open Access Article
35 - Investigating Iraqi EFL Teachers’ and Students’ Attitudes Towards English Book of Grade 6 of Primary School: Task-Based Language Learning in focus
Sedigheh Vahdat Zohreh Gooniband Shooshtari Kadhim Waheeb Kadhim -
Open Access Article
36 - Analysis of teachers' views about the problems of project descriptive qualitative evaluation in multigrade classrooms and providing solutions to eliminate them
Heshmatollah Mortazavizadeh Mohammad Reza nilli Ahmad Reza Nasr Isfahani Mohammad HasaniThis research aimed to identify barriers of descriptive qualitative evaluation and improvement of this plan was multigrade classrooms. This study employed Qualitative research methods and purpose the can be considered as an applied method. The study employed teachers fr MoreThis research aimed to identify barriers of descriptive qualitative evaluation and improvement of this plan was multigrade classrooms. This study employed Qualitative research methods and purpose the can be considered as an applied method. The study employed teachers from Kohgiluyeh and Boyer province. The samples were selected purposively and was according to saturation reached up to 20 people. The data collection instrumentation was interview hat After presenting the the research objectives and the emphasis on the principle of confidentiality, was written and recorded interviews with each teacher. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze collected the data and the findings were elaborated in detail. The results found that: lack of time, different grades in a classroom, preference of quantitative evaluation than descriptive qualitative, lack of descriptive quantitative in education and lack of supports for teachers in the field of project evaluation, students distraction while evaluation, lack of space, educational materials, included the most important problems of the. quality-descriptive report on the issue from the interviewees perspective had been multigrade classrooms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Localized curriculum,undeniable necessity for multigrade classes
samane taherizade rasoul shabanyThe curriculum planning of multigrade classes is a challenging topic in advanced and developing countries. In these countries, curriculum planning of multigrade classes is considered to be essential in terms of necessity, efficiency and practicality. This review article MoreThe curriculum planning of multigrade classes is a challenging topic in advanced and developing countries. In these countries, curriculum planning of multigrade classes is considered to be essential in terms of necessity, efficiency and practicality. This review article is based on a library methodology and review articles that are based on databases such as Irandoc, sid, Magiran, Noormags and Googol Scholar was searched and by presenting some theoretical concepts and the results of research in this field, the reasons for the need to pay more attention to the national curriculum into multigrade classes and the formulation of a special curriculum for these classes has been explained. The paper studies concluded that multigrade classes are one of the neglected aspects of the national curriculum, and given the existence of these classes in our country's formal education system, it is necessary to provide the necessary structures and supports for qualitative education in these conditions. Therefore, the provision of a localized curriculum for these classes is an indispensable necessity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - a content analysis of social Science Textbooks of 4th, 5th, 6th grades within the items of multicultural education
akram Eini Hamid yazdani Alireza SadeghiThe Aim of This study was to analysis the content of social science textbooks of 4th, 5th, 6th grades on items of multicultural education in the Field of education. The study population comprised of social science textbooks of 4th, 5th, 6th grad MoreThe Aim of This study was to analysis the content of social science textbooks of 4th, 5th, 6th grades on items of multicultural education in the Field of education. The study population comprised of social science textbooks of 4th, 5th, 6th grades so the sample is equal to the population. In this research a mixed method has been used and both qualitative and quantitative content analyses have been applied. In qualitative content analysis identify the theoretical aspects of multicultural education from gender, disability, ethnicity, culture, social justice and peace were examined. In quantitative content analysis five mainthemes, namely gender, ethnicity, disability, universal values and culture and its sub-themes in these textbooks were reviewed and related themes in social science textbooks were identified. This study satisfies the reliability conditions of Hall and Houten. This research had multiple results.One of the results of the analysis showed that people with disabilities and people from different ethnicity have been represented insufficiently in Social Science textbooks. And very little attention to multicultural values are reported. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Determination of students' active involvement with the newly published books of science and math: focusing on the sixth grade books
marzieh dehghani Hamideh PakmehrThis study seeks to determine the level of students’ active involvement with the sixth grade science and math books. The method is content analysis based on Wiliam Romey technique and according to student involvement in three components as "text", "questions" and MoreThis study seeks to determine the level of students’ active involvement with the sixth grade science and math books. The method is content analysis based on Wiliam Romey technique and according to student involvement in three components as "text", "questions" and "image". The statistical population is consisted of sixth grade science and math books' contents including all texts, questions and images that are contently analyzed based on Wiliam Romey technique. In the analysis of text, questions and images of science book, 320, 100 and 140 units have been studied and rate of students' involvement with text, questions and images are calculated as 0.84, 9 and 0.19, respectively. 182, 862 and 97 units of math book have been studied, too; Students' involvement with text, questions and images are estimated as 0.85, 13.26 and 0.30, respectively. The results show that text of math and science books are actively developed; however, their images are inactive and their questions are over active which would cause students’ fatigue and lack of motion. Since the contents of these two books in the case of questions and images are not successful enough to encourage students to think and analyze well, better design and development seem so essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The content analysis of 7th grade science textbook's exercises based on Suchman inquiry model
Razieh Karimi Mohsen khademiThe purpose of this research was the content analysis of 7th grade science textbook's exercises based on Suchman's inquiry model. The method of this research was content analysis and the statistical population were the exercises of 7th grade science textbook (activity, MoreThe purpose of this research was the content analysis of 7th grade science textbook's exercises based on Suchman's inquiry model. The method of this research was content analysis and the statistical population were the exercises of 7th grade science textbook (activity, discussion, collecting information, testing yourself, thinking, experiment). Exercise was the unit of analysis and the criteria were phases of inquiry model. The result showed that among 156 exercises only 49 exercises (31%) were based on inquiry model; among the six exercises, experiment with the frequency of 24(48/97%) and testing yourself with no frequency had the most and the least frequency. Other result showed that among those 49 exercises, gathering data with frequency of 17(34/69%) had the most frequency; collecting information with frequency of 2(4/08%) and hypothesizing with frequency of 5(10/20%) had the least frequency. Totally, the result shows that the book hasn't regarded inquiry model very much so it's necessary to pay more attention to "inquiry model" and preparing students for real life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Teaching addition and subtraction: A comparative study on the math curriculum goals and the content of the first-grade math textbook in Iran, Japan, and the USA
مهدی ایزدی ابراهیم ریحانی غلامعلی احمدیFocusing on the math curriculum goals and content of the first-grade math textbooks in Iran, Japan and the USA, this research aimed to study about the process of teaching addition and subtraction. The math curriculum goals and content of the first-grade math textbooks o MoreFocusing on the math curriculum goals and content of the first-grade math textbooks in Iran, Japan and the USA, this research aimed to study about the process of teaching addition and subtraction. The math curriculum goals and content of the first-grade math textbooks of these three countries were considered as the statistical populations of the study. To collect the data documentary research was utilized and comparative method was used in order to analyze the data. The findings showed that the American curriculum focused on enhancing the ability of "problem solving " whereas, the Iranian program focused more on the "making sense and understanding the concept". On the other hand, Japan's curriculum emphasized on "understanding and exploring adding and subtracting ways" by the students themselves. During the process of teaching these two operations, American textbooks introduced the largest number of teaching methods. In the beginning of teaching addition and subtraction, except the new version of Iranian book (2011), all the books, initially teaching addition and subtraction, focused on the combination aspect of addition and reduction aspect of subtraction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Content Analysis of Mathematics Textbook of Secondary School First Grade Based on William Rummyâs Technique and Bloomâs Cognitive Domain
زهره کرمی پژمان اسد بیگی مهدی کرمیThe aim of the present study was analyzing the text content and images of mathematics textbook of secondary school first-grade, 2011 edition, based on William Rummy’s technique and analysis of in-class exercises, activities and problems in lessons based on Bloom&r MoreThe aim of the present study was analyzing the text content and images of mathematics textbook of secondary school first-grade, 2011 edition, based on William Rummy’s technique and analysis of in-class exercises, activities and problems in lessons based on Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive domain. The used methodology in this study was content analysis. The research population was mathematics textbook, 2011 edition of secondary school first-grade. The findings revealed that text engagement rate was 0.53, which indicated that this textbook was written in an active manner. The engagement rate of images was 1.2 and this showed that the pictures of the textbook involved the students in learning. In activity-based index-analysis of the textbook, the engagement rate of 0.75 indicated that it was activity-based. In the performed analysis based on Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive domain, it was revealed that 81 percent of the exercises, activities and problems in the textbook are at comprehension level. This analysis showed that the number of exercises, activities and problems at higher levels of cognitive domain in this textbook are very few. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Investigating the role of effective contextual factors in academic cheat in students:
Peyman yarmohammadzade Majid dadashzade Vahid dadashzadeThe purpose of the recent study is to consider the effective contextual factors on doing academic cheating with the approach of the mixed analysis. The method of this study was exploratory. The study population consisted of high school third-year teachers and students o MoreThe purpose of the recent study is to consider the effective contextual factors on doing academic cheating with the approach of the mixed analysis. The method of this study was exploratory. The study population consisted of high school third-year teachers and students of Chaldoran in West Azarbaijan province. In this research there were 13 teachers for interviewing and 168 students for collecting the questionnaire data and they were selected on the basis of Krejcie and Morgan in the multi-stage cluster random method. To collect data the teachers were interviewed and students were tested by a research- made questionnaire of the effective contextual factors on the educational cheat that this questionnaire was obtained by the analysis of done interviews from the teachers and also in this study Anderman and his colleague (2010) educational cheat questionnaire was used that its validity was confirmed by experts and with the reliability coefficient of Cronbach's alpha, %77 and %79. To analyze data, the methods of descriptive population and the model of path analysis with SPSS18, AMOS 18 were used. The research findings showed that the teachers believe the kind of evaluation, conditions of the test implementation and monitoring, the teacher’s characteristics and methods, not dealing with dishonest people, the effects of age group and environmental expectations are effective on doing the doing educational cheat and the students believe the kind of evaluation, conditions of the test implementation and monitoring, the teacher’s characteristics and methods, not dealing with dishonest people, the effects of age group and environmental expectations are effective on doing the doing educational cheat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Content Analysis of High School Sociology Textbooks in Terms of Covering Citizenship Education Concepts
shahla zahabioun alireza yousefy Mohammad Hossein Yarmohammadian Nages KeshtiarayThe purpose of the recent study was to analyze the text books contents of the social science (first grade), sociology I (second grade), sociology II (Third grade) and social sciences (fourth grade) on the basis of the citizenship education components in 2013-2014. The s MoreThe purpose of the recent study was to analyze the text books contents of the social science (first grade), sociology I (second grade), sociology II (Third grade) and social sciences (fourth grade) on the basis of the citizenship education components in 2013-2014. The statistical population included four text books of the high school social science. In regard to the research identification and limitation of the statistical population, sampling was not considered and all statistical population was selected as a sample. The research method was content analysis quantitative. The descriptive criterion was the citizenship components that included values, democracy, and global identification. The tools for collecting data was the analysis list of the text books contents that involved the theoretical bases that its validity was determined by curriculum professors. The analysis findings by using SPSS 19 software and the non-parametric statistical method showed a meaningful difference between the citizenship components in the mentioned books. This amount of attention was more than the expected amount in the social studies and (I) society and less than the expected amount in the social science and (II) society (p˂0.01). Also results showed that there is a significant difference between educational grades in terms of attention amount to the citizenship components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Compare the effects of teaching environmental issues by participatory image-concept method and conventional method on learning, retention and nature relatedness (NR) of fifth grade students
farokh faizi Hossein Mahdizadeh Shirzad AghaeiThis study aims to investigate and compare the effect of implementing the teaching model of partnership image concept and common method of teaching on learning and retention of environmental concepts and the amount of naturalism among students of elementary school fifth MoreThis study aims to investigate and compare the effect of implementing the teaching model of partnership image concept and common method of teaching on learning and retention of environmental concepts and the amount of naturalism among students of elementary school fifth grade. The methodology of a survey was semi-experimental with pretest and posttest carried out for the control group. The population included elementary fifth-grade students in the city of Mahidasht, Kermanshah in the school year of 1391-92 and the sample included 38 persons in two classes and was chosen according to principle random assignment of subjects in groups. In both groups (treatment and control) the subjects witnessed the concept of human relation and the environment using the method of concept image based on based on partnership and common methods, respectively. To collect data, the teacher-made test of learning, retention and the scale of having relation with nature by Nesbit and et al (2009) were used. The validity was confirmed based on the idea of experts’ and the reliability was calculated according to a retesting method as well as correlation equal to 79%. The survey results showed that the learning and retention functionality of students taught with partnership image concept model were higher than other group and in terms of naturalism; the treatment subjects had the more positive viewpoint on nature than the control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Evaluation of the Effectiveness of PA Instruction on Learning Strategies on the Academic Achievement of the Fifth Grade Elementary Female Students in Yazd
sahar mirafshar mehdi khanabadi abolfazl azadniya somayeh soltaniThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PA instruction on learning strategies on the academic achievement of the fifth grade elementary female students in Yazd. The method of this study was a quasi-experimental with the control group. Statistical MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PA instruction on learning strategies on the academic achievement of the fifth grade elementary female students in Yazd. The method of this study was a quasi-experimental with the control group. Statistical population included all of the fifth grade elementary female students in Yazd city (8100 students). They were enrolled in public schools in 2010-11. The targrted sample was 30 students randomly selected by using the cluster method. The used tools in this study were the Cattell intelligence test and a demographic information questionnaire. The mean obtained scores of the students in exams were used for assessing the academic achievement. The experimental group underwent 12 training sessions of PA learning strategies, whereas the control group did not receive any interventions. The exams were taken included all courses in order to assess academic achievement during three phases (pre-test, test and test). The results of covariance analysis showed that there were significant differences between the mean scores on tests taken from the students in the test and pre-test phases and the subjects in experimental and contol groups (p = 0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Designing the curriculum based on inquiry of the sixth grade elementary experimental science
Zahra Ejadi Maryam Seifnaraghi Ezatolah NaderiThe aim of this study is to design the experimental science curriculum of sixth grade elementary school using inquiry-based approach and its evaluation from the perspective of curriculum specialists and relevant teachers. This study is applied research which is done acc MoreThe aim of this study is to design the experimental science curriculum of sixth grade elementary school using inquiry-based approach and its evaluation from the perspective of curriculum specialists and relevant teachers. This study is applied research which is done according to Descriptive-Survey method. The population of study includes all sixth grade teachers of Esfarayen city (130 people) and curriculum specialists of North and Razavi Khorasan state (40 people) which are studied by census manner. To collect the data, library method and a researcher-made questionnaire includes 40 questions in four sections: objective, content, teaching methods and evaluation are used. The validity confirmed by specialists and reliability through Cronbach's alpha was 98%. Researcher for designing the program studies the history and documentation on the matter research. And based on the obtained information, designs the program and then put it in the form of a questionnaire to the respondents. To analyze the data, SPSS software and descriptive statistics (frequency tables and percentage) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) are used. Some obtained results in this study are features of four elements (goal, content, teaching methods and evaluation) of the research-based curriculum of sixth grade experimental science which is approved with Specialists and concerned teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Mathematical Misunderstandings and their Causes in Fourth Grade Elementary School Students Based on the Lived Experiences of Farhangian University Graduates: (A Qualitative study)
Sareh Haghkhah Azar Davoodi َAmeneh AmiriThe purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of new teachers in the field of recognizing and dealing with the mathematical misunderstandings and their causes in the fourth grade elementary school students. This research was qualitative with a phenomenologica MoreThe purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of new teachers in the field of recognizing and dealing with the mathematical misunderstandings and their causes in the fourth grade elementary school students. This research was qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The participants were 10 teachers who were graduated from Fars Farhangian University and had experiences of teaching mathematics in the fourth grade of elementary, which were selected by a purposive sampling for interview until the data were saturated. The data collection method was in-depth semi-structured interview. The thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that, 111 basic themes, 19 organizing themes and 2 comprehensive themes were formed under the title of mathematical misunderstandings and their causes. By analyzing the extracted themes, it can be realized that the participants had a relatively good knowledge of mathematical misunderstandings. They considered the heavy content of the fourth grade mathematics textbook and its incompatibility with the cognitive development of the students and the lack of time to present the concepts as the most important causes of mathematical misunderstandings in this grade. Therefore, by reviewing the content of the fourth- grade mathematics textbook, it can be expected that a more appropriate platform for the mathematic teaching _learning process and preventing misunderstandings should be provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Assessment of Content of Business and Technology Textbooks Ninth Grade The Amount of Attention to the Concepts of Entrepreneurship
reza jafariharandiResearch aimed to An Content Analysis of of assessment of content of business and technology textbooks sixth grade elementary school the amount of attention to the concepts of entrepreneurship descriptive method content analysis was performed. The study population inclu MoreResearch aimed to An Content Analysis of of assessment of content of business and technology textbooks sixth grade elementary school the amount of attention to the concepts of entrepreneurship descriptive method content analysis was performed. The study population included, business and technology textbooks sixth grade elementary school in school year 2018 Considering the nature and logic of the research, the entire text of the book was examined as an example. Measurement tool, self-made content analysis checklist Consisting of the concept and 41 Index was, the validity of the use of professional judgment (validity and content) determined using Scott reliability 0.97 respectively. results using descriptive statistics were used in the process of Shannon entropy analysis. Based on research, business and technology textbooks Ninth grade elementary school 270 times concepts of entrepreneurship, focused The index distribution of its importance The concepts of risk appetite, achievement, responsibility, creativity, tolerance of ambiguity, internal control and foresight Respectively 0.123, 0.149, 0.160, 0.161, 0.093, 0.164, 0.150. It is also important to factor in the algorithm module, drawing on a computer, motor mechanics, computer games, electrical, mechanical, Construction, automotive, monitoring of child growth and development, crafts and professional academic guidance, respectively 0.103, 0.081, 0.100, 0.101, 0.100, 0.089, 0.097, 0.070, 0.091, 0.100, 0.066. The overall conclusion was that the distribution of importance coefficients in concepts and modules is unbalanced, and education and promotion of entrepreneurship concepts should not be as comprehensive as possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The analysis of the sixth grade curriculum in terms of student's educational rights from the viewpoint of teachers and students
saber Doosti sirous asadian Moosa PiriThe aim of this study was to analyze the curriculum of the sixth grade of primary schools in terms of children's educational rights according to the standpoint of the teachers and students in Marand. This study was Descriptive- survey method. The study population was co MoreThe aim of this study was to analyze the curriculum of the sixth grade of primary schools in terms of children's educational rights according to the standpoint of the teachers and students in Marand. This study was Descriptive- survey method. The study population was consisted of sixth grade teachers and students during the 1395 academic year in Marand. Student's population size was equal to 1812 people and as well as Sixth grade teacher's population size was 65. The sample of students and teachers using Morgan table respectively 320 and 56 people through stratified random sampling, were selected. In this study, two researcher- made questionnaires were used to study the components of educational rights. The Cronbach's alpha for the students and teachers scale includes 0/86 and 0/78, respectively. The construct validity Obtained through exploratory factor analysis using principal component analysis and varimax rotation and scree Cattell. To analyze the research questions, One-sample t-test and ANOVA with repeated measure were used. The findings showed that from the viewpoint of students, among the components of educational rights, only the pursuing educational goals has been considered to be less than moderate but other components are above moderate. While from the teacher's point of view, to all elements of educational rights attention has been paid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The effect of teaching by making use of tracking and pursuing continuity of learning of the 9th grade students on learning mathematics course
Seyedeh Narjes Daryabegy Narges YaftianThe main goal of the research is the study of effects of method of pursuing the continuity of learning the mathematics course of students in improvement the learning level of students by making use of tracking. The population of this research consists of students of the MoreThe main goal of the research is the study of effects of method of pursuing the continuity of learning the mathematics course of students in improvement the learning level of students by making use of tracking. The population of this research consists of students of the ninth grade of girls’ schools of Ninth District of Education Administration in Tehran. In this study, 114 students of ninth grade were selected by two different high schools, based on one-phase cluster sampling method. The tools of measurement consist of repeated tests at three-week intervals. After accomplishing of the first examination, the students were divided between two groups: the first level group and the second level group. The validity and reliability of the tests were approved by some specialists and experienced mathematics teachers, who were teaching in ninth grade. The reliability coefficient for examinations of Kuder-Richardson was acquired 91% that shows suitable position for reliability examination. The result of analyses in variance of repeated measurements by making use of SPSS20 software shows that the students who were taught by this method comparatively improved their learning. By pursuing students’ learning of mathematics, the basic problem of them in understanding mathematics subjects is concisely specified and the teacher can accord her/his own method of teaching to students’ learning needs. The findings of this research show that pursuing students’ learning of mathematics by using placement test method, increase their marks by improving their understanding of mathematics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Analytical study of the level of attention to the aesthetic dimensions of citizenship education in the first grade textbooks
fatemeh ashpaz tayebeh mahroozadeh maryam banahan ghomi parvin samadiThe present study, considering the relationship between the two fields of aesthetics and citizenship education, seeks to analyze the content of textbooks in the first grade of elementary school as one of the most effective courses, to examine the use of citizenship educ MoreThe present study, considering the relationship between the two fields of aesthetics and citizenship education, seeks to analyze the content of textbooks in the first grade of elementary school as one of the most effective courses, to examine the use of citizenship education indicators from the perspective of aesthetics in books. The research method is descriptive and quantitative content analysis. The statistical population of the research is the textbooks of the first elementary school in the academic year of 1397-98. The tool for identifying the aesthetic components of citizenship education indicators is the content codes designed by the researcher, which has three cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimensions, according to which the content of the books is coded and analyzed. The formal validity and content of the research tools were confirmed by experts and scholars of the philosophy of education and curriculum planning, and the reliability of the research tools was obtained based on Scott's formula of 0.78. The results of content analysis showed that in the whole content of textbooks of the first elementary school, 558 cases of citizenship education with emphasis on the dimensions of artistic education have been mentioned. At least 8 cases (5.4%) arerelated to the Democracy Familiarization Index Accordingly, considering the number of books and three study pillars studied, paying attention to citizenship education with emphasis on artistic education is not enough, and in fact, this amount of attention to citizenship education in textbooks cannot be in line with students' needs. To be a citizen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Systematic review of multigrade classrooms studies
sara ebrahimiThe purpose of this study was to systematic review the studies of multigrade classrooms in Iran in order to classify and provide an overview of the challenges and the solutions identified and to analyze them. The present study was conducted by a qualitative method of sy MoreThe purpose of this study was to systematic review the studies of multigrade classrooms in Iran in order to classify and provide an overview of the challenges and the solutions identified and to analyze them. The present study was conducted by a qualitative method of systematic review. Reliable research were conducted by electronic search keywords of multigrade classroom, multigrade education and multigrade teaching in the databases of SID, Noormags, Google Scholar, Irandoc, Magiran, Comprehensive Portal of Humanities and The University of Tehran’s Scientific Journals Database the period of 1396-1386. The process of identification, screening, qualification, and inclusion in the sample study was performed based on the PRISMA statement. In the searches, 204 studies were identified for systematic review. After eliminating duplicates and screening, finally, 35 studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected & analyzed. The selected documents were reviewed based on qualitative meta-analysis. In the analysis of multigrade classrooms challenges, findings indicated 5 main categories of challenges including challenges related to teachers, students, society and environment, curriculum elements and multigrade system which were examined separately or in combination. Also, in reviewing the research, the main solution to address each of these challenges was to design and develop a curriculum consistent with the characteristics of the local community. A program that is faithful to the national curriculum on the one hand and to the realities of the multigrade classrooms and the local community on the other. Accordingly, it is suggested that the national curriculum be modified in collaboration with teachers and multigrade experts, so that the curriculum of single-grade classrooms can be adapted and integrated based on the multigrade curriculum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Representation of teachers' lived experiences of challenges in bilingual multi-grade classrooms (a phenomenological study)
Yahya Maroofi Pakzad AmiriThe main objective of this research was to explore teachers' firsthand experiences regarding the challenges of instructing in bilingual multi-grade classrooms. Employing a qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenological strategy, the study involved primary school MoreThe main objective of this research was to explore teachers' firsthand experiences regarding the challenges of instructing in bilingual multi-grade classrooms. Employing a qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenological strategy, the study involved primary school teachers from Dinour district, Kermanshah province, selected through purposeful sampling based on specific criteria. Fourteen teachers meeting the requirement of teaching in bilingual multi-grade classes were chosen through data saturation. Research data was collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the six-step Colaizzi method, resulting in the classification of findings into two general themes, nine categories, and 42 codes. The study highlighted those teachers not only encountered challenges typical of multi-grade classrooms but also grappled with the complexities of students' bilingualism, intensifying the difficulty of their teaching role. Primary challenges faced by teachers in multi-grade classrooms encompassed aspects related to students, teachers, curriculum, organizational and administrative factors, along with familial challenges. Bilingualism-related hurdles included difficulties in comprehending academic concepts, excessive reliance on rote memorization, misinterpretation and misrepresentation of ideas, limited articulation of students' thoughts, and identity conflicts. Consequently, the research proposed potential solutions for policymakers to make informed decisions and offer support to teachers, ultimately enhancing the overall educational experience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Natural Frequency and Dynamic Analyses of Functionally Graded Saturated Porous Beam Resting on Viscoelastic Foundation Based on Higher Order Beam Theory
M Babaei K Asemi P Safarpour -
Open Access Article
56 - Effect of the Multi Vibration Absorbers on the Nonlinear FG Beam Under Periodic Load with Various Boundary Conditions
H Ahmadi K Foroutan -
Open Access Article
57 - Vibration Analysis of Rotary Tapered Axially Functionally Graded Timoshenko Nanobeam in Thermal Environment
N Shafiei M Hamisi M Ghadiri -
Open Access Article
58 - Vibration Analysis of the Sandwich Beam with Electro-Rheological Fluid Core Embedded Within Two FG Nanocomposite Faces Resting on Pasternak Foundation
A.H Ghorbanpour-Arani A Rastgoo -
Open Access Article
59 - Temperature-Dependent Buckling Analysis of Functionally Graded Sandwich Cylinders
Y Mohammadi M Rahmani -
Open Access Article
60 - Influence of Viscoelastic Foundation on Dynamic Behaviour of the Double Walled Cylindrical Inhomogeneous Micro Shell Using MCST and with the Aid of GDQM
A Mohammadi H Lashini M Habibi H Safarpour -
Open Access Article
61 - An Approximate Solution of Functionally Graded Timoshenko Beam Using B-Spline Collocation Method
D Mahapatra Sh Sanyal Sh Bhowmick -
Open Access Article
62 - Size Dependent Nonlinear Bending Analysis of a Flexoelectric Functionally Graded Nano-Plate Under Thermo-Electro-Mechanical Loads
A Ghobadi Y Tadi Beni H Golestanian -
Open Access Article
63 - Free Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Material Beam by a Modified Mesh Free Method
M Foroutan Sh Sharafi S Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
64 - Determination of the Effective Parameters for Perforated Functionally Graded Plates with Polygonal Cutout by Analytical Solution
M Jafari M. H Bayati Chaleshtari H Abdolalian -
Open Access Article
65 - Effect of Temperature Dependency on Thermoelastic Behavior of Rotating Variable Thickness FGM Cantilever Beam
M.M.H Mirzaei A Loghman M Arefi -
Open Access Article
66 - An Efficient Finite Element Formulation Based on Deformation Approach for Bending of Functionally Graded Beams
H Ziou M Himeur H Guenfoud M Guenfoud -
Open Access Article
67 - Effect of Winkler Foundation on Radially Symmetric Vibrations of Bi-Directional FGM Non-Uniform Mindlin’s Circular Plate Subjected to In-Plane Peripheral Loading
N Ahlawat R Lal -
Open Access Article
68 - In-Plane Analysis of an FGP Plane Weakened by Multiple Moving Cracks
R Bagheri M Mahmoudi Monfared -
Open Access Article
69 - Free Vibration Analysis of Bidirectional Functionally Graded Conical/Cylindrical Shells and Annular Plates on Nonlinear Elastic Foundations, Based on a Unified Differential Transform Analytical Formulation
M Molla-Alipour M Shariyat M Shaban -
Open Access Article
70 - A Generalized Thermo-Elastic Diffusion Problem in a Functionally Graded Rotating Media Using Fractional Order Theory
K Paul B Mukhopadhyay -
Open Access Article
71 - Vibrations of Inhomogeneous Viscothermoelastic Nonlocal Hollow Sphere under the effect of Three-Phase-Lag Model
S.R Sharma M.K Sharma D.K Sharma -
Open Access Article
72 - Elasticity Exact Solution for an FGM Cylindrical Shaft with Piezoelectric Layers Under the Saint-Venant Torsion by Using Prandtl’s Formulation
M. R Eslami M Jabbari A Eskandarzadeh Sabet -
Open Access Article
73 - Nonlinear Free Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Sandwich Beam with Magnetorheological Fluid Core Using Timoshenko Beam Theory
O Miraliyari S Jafari Mehrabadi M.M Najafizadeh -
Open Access Article
74 - Dynamic Stability Analysis of Bi-Directional Functionally Graded Beam with Various Shear Deformation Theories Under Harmonic Excitation and Thermal Environment
A Ghorbanpour Arani Sh Niknejad A Mihankhah I Safari -
Open Access Article
75 - A Novel Spring-Based Model for Damage Investigation of Functionally Graded Beams
S Karimi M Bozorgnsab R Taghipour M.M Alipour -
Open Access Article
76 - An Approximate Thermo-Mechanical Solution of a Functionally Graded Cylinder Using Hybrid Integral Transform and Finite Element Method
M Dehghan A Moosaie M Zamani Nejad -
Open Access Article
77 - Closed-Form Formulation for Bending Analysis of Functionally Graded Thick Plates
M Shaban M. J Khoshgoftar -
Open Access Article
78 - Analytical and Numerical Investigation of Energy Absorption in Graded Aluminum Open Cell Foam under Low Velocity Impact Loading
S Davari S. A Galehdari A AtrianGiven the significance of energy absorption in various industries, light shock absorbers such as structures made of metal foam have been considered. In this study, analytical equation of plateau stress is presented for an open cell foam based on the Gibson-Ashby model, MoreGiven the significance of energy absorption in various industries, light shock absorbers such as structures made of metal foam have been considered. In this study, analytical equation of plateau stress is presented for an open cell foam based on the Gibson-Ashby model, which follows elastic perfectly plastic behavior. For comparison of acquired analytical equations, the problem for a cell and then for three cells that make up an aluminum open cell foam is simulated in ABAQUS/CAE. Using the stress strain diagram, plateau stress and densification strain equations, the specific energy absorbed of the open cell metal foam is extracted. The capacity of absorb energy for an aluminum open cell foam with three cell is obtained once using analytical equations and again by using numerical simulation in ABAQUS/CAE. Numerical results retain an acceptable accordance with analytical equations with less than 3% occurred error for absorbed energy. To ensure the accuracy of numerical simulation, the results of simulating are compared with the results of the simulation of the same foam in a reference whose accuracy is verified by the experiment. Based on the results, the effective cross-sectional area of the foam with Gibson-Ashby cell does not follow the cross-sectional that is used for the calculation of plateau stress in adsorbent structures. Then tow equations are extracted to calculate the effective cross-sectional area and the transfer force. Applying sequential quadratic programming method (SQP) and genetic algorithm (GA), to design a graded metal foam with high specific Energy absorption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - On the Aeroelastic Stability of a Two-Directional FG GNP-Enriched Conical Shell
A.R Shahidi A DarakhshIn this article, the supersonic flutter analysis of a truncated conical shell made of polymer enriched with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) exposed to supersonic fluid flow is discussed. It is assumed that the mass fraction of the GNPs is functionally graded (FG) along th MoreIn this article, the supersonic flutter analysis of a truncated conical shell made of polymer enriched with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) exposed to supersonic fluid flow is discussed. It is assumed that the mass fraction of the GNPs is functionally graded (FG) along thickness and length directions according to different dispersion patterns. Modeling of the shell is done using the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), the mechanical properties are computed according to the Halpin-Tsai model alongside the rule of the mixture, and the aerodynamic pressure is computed utilizing the piston theory. Utilizing Hamilton’s principle, the boundary conditions and the governing equations are achieved. Harmonic trigonometric functions are used to provide an analytical solution in the circumferential direction and an approximate solution is presented in the meridional direction using the differential quadrature method (DQM). The efficacy of various parameters on the aeroelastic stability are discussed such as the percentage and dispersion pattern of the GNPs and gradient indices. It is observed that to achieve higher aeroelastic stability in the GNP-enriched truncated conical shells, it is better to dispense the GNPs near the small radius and the inner surface of the shell. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Double Cracks Identification in Functionally Graded Beams Using Artificial Neural Network
F Nazari M.H Abolbashari -
Open Access Article
81 - Free Vibration of Functionally Graded Beams with Piezoelectric Layers Subjected to Axial Load
M Karami Khorramabadi -
Open Access Article
82 - A Nonlocal First Order Shear Deformation Theory for Vibration Analysis of Size Dependent Functionally Graded Nano beam with Attached Tip Mass: an Exact Solution
M Ghadiri A Jafari -
Open Access Article
83 - An Efficient Co Finite Element Approach for Bending Analysis of Functionally Graded Ceramic-Metal Skew Shell Panels
G Taj A Chakrabarti -
Open Access Article
84 - Fractional Order Generalized Thermoelastic Functionally Graded Solid with Variable Material Properties
A Sur M Kanoria -
Open Access Article
85 - Buckling Analyses of Rectangular Plates Composed of Functionally Graded Materials by the New Version of DQ Method Subjected to Non-Uniform Distributed In-Plane Loading
R Kazemi Mehrabadi V.R Mirzaeian -
Open Access Article
86 - Free Vibrations of Three-Parameter Functionally Graded Plates Resting on Pasternak Foundations
J.E Jam S Kamarian A Pourasghar J Seidi -
Open Access Article
87 - A Semi-analytical Approach to Elastic-plastic Stress Analysis of FGM Pressure Vessels
A.T Kalali S Hadidi-Moud -
Open Access Article
88 - Thermo-Elastic Analysis of Non-Uniform Functionally Graded Circular Plate Resting on a Gradient Elastic Foundation
A Behravan Rad -
Open Access Article
89 - Comparison of Various Shell Theories for Vibrating Functionally Graded Cylindrical Shells
M Javadinejad -
Open Access Article
90 - Free Vibration Analysis of Moderately Thick Functionally Graded Plates with Multiple Circular and Square Cutouts Using Finite Element Method
J Vimal R.K Srivastava A.D Bhatt A.K Sharma -
Open Access Article
91 - A Zigzag Theory with Local Shear Correction Factors for Semi-Analytical Bending Modal Analysis of Functionally Graded Viscoelastic Circular Sandwich Plates
M Shariyat M.M Alipour -
Open Access Article
92 - Effect of Non-ideal Boundary Conditions on Buckling of Rectangular Functionally Graded Plates
J Mohammadi M Gheisary -
Open Access Article
93 - Simple Solutions for Buckling of Conical Shells Composed of Functionally Graded Materials
A Lavasani -
Open Access Article
94 - Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Compositionally Graded Polyethylene/Clay Nanocomposites
M.H Yas M Karami Khorramabadi -
Open Access Article
95 - Dynamic Stability of Functionally Graded Beams with Piezoelectric Layers Located on a Continuous Elastic Foundation
N Omidi M Karami Khorramabadi A Niknejad -
Open Access Article
96 - Inhomogeneity Material Effect on Electromechanical Stresses, Displacement and Electric Potential in FGM Piezoelectric Hollow Rotating Disk
A Ghorbanpour Arani H Khazaali M Rahnama M Dadkhah -
Open Access Article
97 - Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Spinning Cylindrical Shells Using Higher Order Shear Deformation Theory
M Mehrparvar -
Open Access Article
98 - Frequency Analysis of FG Sandwich Rectangular Plates with a Four-Parameter Power-Law Distribution
S Kamarian M.H Yas A Pourasghar -
Open Access Article
99 - Application of Piezoelectric and Functionally Graded Materials in Designing Electrostatically Actuated Micro Switches
A Hosseinzadeh M.T Ahmadian -
Open Access Article
100 - A Power Series Solution for Free Vibration of Variable Thickness Mindlin Circular Plates with Two-Directional Material Heterogeneity and Elastic Foundations
M.M Alipour M Shariyat -
Open Access Article
101 - Generalized Differential Quadrature Method for Vibration Analysis of Cantilever Trapezoidal FG Thick Plate
K Torabi H Afshari -
Open Access Article
102 - The Effects of Carbon Nanotube Orientation and Aggregation on Static Behavior of Functionally Graded Nanocomposite Cylinders
R Moradi-Dastjerdi G Payganeh M Tajdari -
Open Access Article
103 - Buckling Analysis of FG Plate with Smart Sensor/Actuator
N.S Viliani S.M.R Khalili H Porrostami -
Open Access Article
104 - Free Vibration Analysis of Continuously Graded Fiber Reinforced Truncated Conical Shell Via Third-Order Shear Deformation Theory
M.H Yas M Nejati A Asanjarani -
Open Access Article
105 - Buckling Analysis of Simply-supported Functionally Graded Rectangular Plates under Non-uniform In-plane Compressive Loading
M Mahdavian -
Open Access Article
106 - Calculation of Natural Frequencies of Bi-Layered Rotating Functionally Graded Cylindrical Shells
I Fakhari Golpayegani -
Open Access Article
107 - Influence of Rotation on Vibration Behavior of a Functionally Graded Moderately Thick Cylindrical Nanoshell Considering Initial Hoop Tension
H Safarpour M.M Barooti M Ghadiri -
Open Access Article
108 - The Effect of Modified Couple Stress Theory on Buckling and Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Double-Layer Boron Nitride Piezoelectric Plate Based on CPT
M Mohammadimehr M Mohandes -
Open Access Article
109 - Analysis of Mode III Fraction in Functionally Graded Plate with Linearly Varying Properties
M.R Torshizian -
Open Access Article
110 - Thermal Creep Analysis of Functionally Graded Thick-Walled Cylinder Subjected to Torsion and Internal and External Pressure
S Sharma S Yadav R Sharma -
Open Access Article
111 - A Rapidly Convergent Nonlinear Transfinite Element Procedure for Transient Thermoelastic Analysis of Temperature-Dependent Functionally Graded Cylinders
M Shariyat -
Open Access Article
112 - Analytical Solutions of the FG Thick Plates with In-Plane Stiffness Variation and Porous Substances Using Higher Order Shear Deformation Theory
M karimi darani A Ghasemi -
Open Access Article
113 - Stress Analysis of Two-directional FGM Moderately Thick Constrained Circular Plates with Non-uniform Load and Substrate Stiffness Distributions
M.M Alipour M Shariyat -
Open Access Article
114 - Effects of Geometric Nonlinearity on Stress Analysis in Large Amplitude Vibration of Moderately Thick Annular Functionally Graded Plate
M.H Amini A Rastgoo M Soleimani -
Open Access Article
115 - Theoretical Formulations for Finite Element Models of Functionally Graded Beams with Piezoelectric Layers
J.N Reddy S Doshi A Muliana -
Open Access Article
116 - On the Magneto-Thermo-Elastic Behavior of a Functionally Graded Cylindrical Shell with Pyroelectric Layers Featuring Interlaminar Bonding Imperfections Rested in an Elastic Foundation
M Saadatfar M Aghaie-Khafri -
Open Access Article
117 - On the Analysis of FGM Beams: FEM with Innovative Element
M Zakeri A Modarakar Haghighi R Attarnejad -
Open Access Article
118 - First-Order Formulation for Functionally Graded Stiffened Cylindrical Shells Under Axial Compression
A Hasani -
Open Access Article
119 - Optimization of Functionally Graded Beams Resting on Elastic Foundations
M.H Yas S Kamarian J.E Jam A Pourasghar -
Open Access Article
120 - Effect of Exponentially-Varying Properties on Displacements and Stresses in Pressurized Functionally Graded Thick Spherical Shells with Using Iterative Technique
M Zamani Nejad A Rastgoo A Hadi -
Open Access Article
121 - Design and Analysis of Graded Honeycomb Shock Absorber for Increasing the Safety of Passengers in Armored Vehicles Exposed to Mine Explosion
S. A Galehdari H Khodarahmi A Atrian -
Open Access Article
122 - Magnetic Stability of Functionally Graded Soft Ferromagnetic Porous Rectangular Plate
M Jabbari M Haghi Choobar A Mojahedin E Farzaneh Joubaneh -
Open Access Article
123 - Elastic-Plastic Transition of Pressurized Functionally Graded Orthotropic Cylinder using Seth’s Transition Theory
S Sharma R Panchal -
Open Access Article
124 - Vibration Analysis of FG Nanoplate Based on Third-Order Shear Deformation Theory (TSDT) and Nonlocal Elasticity
M.M Najafizadeh M Raki P Yousefi -
Open Access Article
125 - Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Directional Functionally Graded Panels and Comparative Modeling by ANN
H Khoshnoodi M.H Yas A Samadinejad -
Open Access Article
126 - Edge Crack Studies in Rotating FGM Disks
H Eskandari -
Open Access Article
127 - Elastic Analysis of Functionally Graded Variable Thickness Rotating Disk by Element Based Material Grading
A.K Thawait L Sondhi Sh Sanyal Sh Bhowmick -
Open Access Article
128 - Time-Dependent Hygro-Thermal Creep Analysis of Pressurized FGM Rotating Thick Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Uniform Magnetic Field
A Bakhshizadeh M Zamani Nejad M Davoudi Kashkoli -
Open Access Article
129 - Free Vibration of Functionally Graded Cylindrical Shell Panel With and Without a Cutout
k.S Sai Ram K Pratyusha P Kiranmayi -
Open Access Article
130 - Two-Dimensional Elasticity Solution for Arbitrarily Supported Axially Functionally Graded Beams
A Singh P Kumari -
Open Access Article
131 - One-Dimensional Transient Thermal and Mechanical Stresses in FGM Hollow Cylinder with Piezoelectric Layers
S.M Mousavi M Jabbari M.A Kiani -
Open Access Article
132 - Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Stress Intensity Factors in a Spherical Pressure Vessel with Functionally Graded Coating
H Eskandari -
Open Access Article
133 - On the Stability of an Electrostatically-Actuated Functionally Graded Magneto-Electro-Elastic Micro-Beams Under Magneto-Electric Conditions
A Amiri G Rezazadeh R Shabani A Khanchehgardan -
Open Access Article
134 - Estimation of Thermoelastic State of a Thermally Sensitive Functionally Graded Thick Hollow Cylinder: A Mathematical Model
V. K Manthena N.K Lamba G.D Kedar -
Open Access Article
135 - Thermo-Mechanical Vibration Analysis of FG Circular and Annular Nanoplate Based on the Visco-Pasternak Foundation
M Goodarzi M Mohammadi M Khooran F Saadi -
Open Access Article
136 - Delamination of Two-Dimensional Functionally Graded Multilayered Non-Linear Elastic Beam - an Analytical Approach
V Rizov -
Open Access Article
137 - Biaxial Buckling Analysis of Symmetric Functionally Graded Metal Cored Plates Resting on Elastic Foundation under Various Edge Conditions Using Galerkin Method
M Rezaei S Ziaee S Shoja -
Open Access Article
138 - An Investigation of Stress and Deformation States of Rotating Thick Truncated Conical Shells of Functionally Graded Material
A Thawait L Sondhi Sh Bhowmick Sh Sanyal -
Open Access Article
139 - Investigating the Level of Attention Paid to the Components of Educational Law in Social Studies Textbooks of the Second Grade of Elementary School
Fatemeh Javanmard Sedigheh GHoltash مهدی سپهری نیاIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of attention paid to the components of educational law in social studies textbooks of the second grade of elementary school. The research method was quantitative content analysis and the unit of analys MoreIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of attention paid to the components of educational law in social studies textbooks of the second grade of elementary school. The research method was quantitative content analysis and the unit of analysis was text, exercise and image. In this study, the components of educational rights include the right of access to education, the component of the right to access quality education and the component of respect for human rights. Research Methodology: The statistical population is the social studies textbooks of the second grade of elementary school and the sample size was considered equal to the statistical population. Descriptive statistics index was used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that the components of children's educational rights have been considered 42 times in the fourth grade social studies textbook, in the fifth grade 38 times and in the sixth grade 37 times. In the social studies textbook of the fourth grade, the most important component was the "right to quality education" with twenty-five times of repetition. In the fifth grade social studies textbook, the most important component was the "respect for human rights in education" component with twenty-six times of repetition. In the sixth grade social studies textbook, the most important component was the "respect for human rights in education" component with twenty-five times of repetition. Exploratory factor analysis, and the one-sample t-test), as well as SPSS and LISREL software were utilized. Findings: The results demonstrated that the school elements in creating social capital in students consisted of teachers (0.51), education (0.53), the curriculum (0.58), school principals (0.40), educational staff, and the school environment (0.51). In addition, the constituents of the students’ social capital included cognitive, communicational, and structural capitals. In this article extracted from the mentioned research, the ‘curriculum’ was addressed as the most influential factor, among school elements, in creating social capital in students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - The effect of cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies on self-concept and procrastination of first grade high school students
سپیده صفرپور دهکردی پگاه جوجمIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive and metacognitive strategies on self-concept and procrastination of first grade high school students in Shiraz city.research methodology: The research method was experimental with pre-test an MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive and metacognitive strategies on self-concept and procrastination of first grade high school students in Shiraz city.research methodology: The research method was experimental with pre-test and post-test design for both experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all female students of the first grade high school (ninth grade) of District 1 of Shiraz in the academic year 2021-2022, whose number is estimated to be about 1850 by referring to the Education Department of Shiraz city. Sixty students were selected through purposive sampling method. The instruments used in this study were Solomon and Roth Bloom and Chen and Thompson self-concept of academic procrastination questionnaires. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and technicians and the reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance) were used to analyze the data.Findings: The results of the research indicated that the use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies explains 13.4% of the variance of self-concept and 21.9% of the variance of students' procrastination. Also, the use of cognitive and metacognitive strategies has a significant effect on the dimensions of self-concept (general, educational and non-academic) and dimensions of procrastination (preparing for exams, preparing homework and preparing for research).Conclusion: The results indicated that the students who used cognitive and metacognitive strategies were better than other students in terms of self-concept and procrastination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - The effectiveness of multimedia educational design based on cognitive load theory on students' academic achievement and self-concept in fifth grade science course
سپیده صفرپور دهکردی اقدس شکریIntroduction: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of multimedia educational design based on cognitive load theory on the academic progress and self-concept of students in the fifth grade science course. research methodology: The MoreIntroduction: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of multimedia educational design based on cognitive load theory on the academic progress and self-concept of students in the fifth grade science course. research methodology: The research method was experimental with a pre-test and post-test design for both experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the present study was made up of all the male students of the fifth grade of elementary school in district one of Shiraz city in the academic year of 2021-2022, whose number is estimated to be around 2000 people, referring to the education department of Shiraz city. Sixty of the students under study were selected as a sample through purposive sampling method. The tools used in this research were the Chen and Thompson self-concept questionnaire and the academic achievement test of the science course. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and technical people, and the reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha method. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate and multivariate covariance analysis) were used to analyze the data. Findings: The results of the research indicated that the education through a multimedia educational program based on cognitive load theory explains 15.2% of the variance of academic achievement and 25.1% of the variance of self-concept. Conclusion: The results indicated that the students who used the multimedia educational program based on cognitive load theory had a better situation than other students in terms of academic progress and self-concept. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - The efficacy of Group cognitive therapy on loneliness and the attitude towards life of the first grade male students in one of Susa junior high schools at the 2014-15 academic year
Abbas SenobarThis study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Group cognitive therapy on loneliness and the attitude towards life of the first grade male students in one of Susa junior high schools. This semi-experimental research design consists of pretests, posttests, and a cont MoreThis study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Group cognitive therapy on loneliness and the attitude towards life of the first grade male students in one of Susa junior high schools. This semi-experimental research design consists of pretests, posttests, and a control group. The population of the study composed of all male students in the first grade of Susa junior high schools. In order to select subjects, cluster sampling method was used and one school was randomly selected. Then 40 students of this school were randomly selected and placed into an experimental groups (n=20) and a control group (n=20). The experimental group had 12 ninety- minute sessions of group cognitive therapy based on the Michael Frey’s model. The questionnaires used in this study were the revised version of loneliness questionnaire (UCLA; Russell, Pepla and Katrona, 1980) and attitude towards life questionnaire (LRI; Batista, 1998) and conducted in groups. The data obtained was analyzed by the SPSS Software using ANCOVA analysis. The results of this study showed that (1) there was a significant difference between the performances of two groups on loneliness test. It means that the group cognitive therapy had an effect on reducing loneliness. (2) There was a significant difference between the performances of two groups on attitude toward life test. It implies that the group cognitive therapy had an impact on increasing students' attitudes towards life. In general, group cognitive therapy - based on the Michael Frey’s model- relatively improved the loneliness and the attitude toward life indicators among participants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Evaluating effect of material heterogeneity constants on stress intensity factors in the functional grated piezoelectric plate by using meshless local Petrov-Galerkin method (MLPG)
Mohammad Moaddel shahram shahrooi -
Open Access Article
144 - Effectiveness of the teaching-learning strategy concept mapping in science teaching on the students' creativity Sixth grade elementary
Reza Azimpoor Mphsen Eisavi ehsan azimpoorAbstract Objective: The present study has examined the effectiveness of the concept maps teaching-learning strategy in teaching sixth grade elementary school students on the creative component Poldasht city. Method: This research was a quasi-experimental research and r MoreAbstract Objective: The present study has examined the effectiveness of the concept maps teaching-learning strategy in teaching sixth grade elementary school students on the creative component Poldasht city. Method: This research was a quasi-experimental research and research design used in this study, was pretest and post-test with comparison group. The population in this research, including sixth grade students in the academic year 94-93 in Poldasht that their number are 703 (374 male students and 329 female students). Subjects have included the sixth grade elementary school students in 4 classes (2 classes boys and 2 classes girls). Of these, one of the classes as experimental girl schools and one secondary school classes, as the control group was selected. Also, one of classes of schoolboys as the experimental group and another second-boys school classes, as the control group was selected. To measure student math anxiety, Shokrani math anxiety questionnaire was used. Validity of the questionnaire, confirmed by three experts and internal reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.77. Analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 18 software. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods including UNIANCOVA, were used. Result: Results showed that the experimental and control groups in terms of creativity and components of fluency, originality and elaboration there is a significant difference. But flexible component not found significant differences between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: The results showed that the use of concept maps teaching-learning strategies in teaching science was effective to enhance creativity and increase fluid, innovation and the development components of creativity but flexible component, no effect. Also, flexibility in boys more than girls on average Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Designing and Evaluation of "the Framework of Computer Games Lesson" to Nurture the Creativity of 6th Grade Students
Keivan Assa Ezatolah Naderi Maryam SeifnaraghiThe purpose of the research: This research entitled as: Designing and Evaluation of "the Framework of Computer Games Lesson" to Nurture the Creativity of 6th Grade Students Method: The researcher`s view has been integrated with the quantity nature of this research. MoreThe purpose of the research: This research entitled as: Designing and Evaluation of "the Framework of Computer Games Lesson" to Nurture the Creativity of 6th Grade Students Method: The researcher`s view has been integrated with the quantity nature of this research. In terms of purpose, this research was applied. Researcher has utilized field studies when conducting it. The statistical population included curriculum providers, educational psychologists, six grade teachers as well as computer games` experts who had cooperated with computer games foundation. The sample volume of this research was selected based on Morgan table. Considering the title of the research, data collection procedure was conducted through interviewing with experts and specialists of this domain. The questionnaire included 34 items designed by the researcher, based on which the framework of computer games` course was evaluated by associated experts. To analyze the obtained data, descriptive-inferential method has been utilized. Conclusion: The prominent result indicated that designing the framework of computer games` course based on Taba curriculum increased the elements of fluidity, flexibility, originality and amplification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Investigating of the mathematical creativity of tenth grade students using open ended problem posing in structured situations
Majid Yousefi Ebrahim Reyhani Mohammad Hassan BehzadiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the mathematical creativity of tenth grade students using open ended problem posing in structured situations. The research method is descriptive of survey type. The participants in this study were 158 tenth grade gifted stude MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the mathematical creativity of tenth grade students using open ended problem posing in structured situations. The research method is descriptive of survey type. The participants in this study were 158 tenth grade gifted students in three cities in the south-east of Tehran province in the academic year 1399-1400. To collect the data, a researcher-made test was used, consisting of two open ended problem posing in structured situations (Stoyanova and Elrton). The validity of the test was confirmed by mathematics educators and experienced mathematics teachers. By using the criterion of Cronbach's alpha, this approximate reliability coefficient (0.71 and 0.82) was obtained. The result showed the math creativity score of the 10th grade students was 0.2082. The results indicated that tenth grade students have a low level of mathematical creativity. In fact, there was no sufficient situations for these students to encounter activities and tasks that enhance mathematical creativity, including problem-solving and ended problem posing in the classroom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - The effect of creativity training to teachers on the creativity of the first primary grade students in Khorasan in the academic year 88-89
Z. Afsharkhn A. AsarehThis study investigated the effects of creativity training to teachers on growth of children's creativity. The method was quasi-experimental that was conducted by form B visual creativity Torrance test. The experimental group consisted of students of teachers who were o MoreThis study investigated the effects of creativity training to teachers on growth of children's creativity. The method was quasi-experimental that was conducted by form B visual creativity Torrance test. The experimental group consisted of students of teachers who were organized by Sama, a 24-hour period, creativity training, and Control group, were students of those teachers who were not seen any creativity training. Survey data, evaluated by the two independent t groups, and comparison of the mean showed significant difference at 99% confidence level at all research hypotheses. It means by 99% confidence, creativity growth of children in first grade of primary schools in Khorasan province in the academic year 88-89 that trained by teachers who had creativity training is greater than those children that their teachers hadn't any creativity training and this difference is statistically significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - The impact of applying creative instructional methods on improvement of elementary pupils' creativity
P. Jebelli Adeh A. Sobhani Background: One of the most common goals of the education systems throughout the world refers to the development of a creative personality that could easily adapt to the fast changes that the modern society undergoes to. Objective: This research was carried out t More Background: One of the most common goals of the education systems throughout the world refers to the development of a creative personality that could easily adapt to the fast changes that the modern society undergoes to. Objective: This research was carried out to investigate the impact of applying creative instructional methods on the improvement of pupils' creativity at elementary schools. Method: This research was run in the context of a quasi-experimental design containing a pre-test and a post-test with a control group. The sample population was composed of 240 fourth grade pupils of elementary schools who were equally distributed into an experimental group, whose teachers were educated to apply creative instructional methods having 120 participants and a control group of 120 subjects. To collect the data and measure the level of pupils' creativity, the Torrance Figural Test A was administered to both groups before the treatment and the Torrance Figural Test B of creative thinking was administered to both groups after the treatment process. The data were analyzed and evaluated running an Independent sample t-test. Result(s): Results showed a meaningful difference between the experimental and the control groups in four components of creativity including Fluency, Flexibility, Originality and Elaboration. It means, by 99% confidence, the creativity improvement of the students in the experimental group was greater than the control group. Conclusion: Applying creative instructional methods improved creativity of the pupils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Grade modelling of anomaly No.12A Iron deposit in Bafgh area, central of Iran
Hassan Madani حسین Hasani مرضیه SHademan-Khakestar سعید Soltani-MohamadiAnomaly No.12A iron deposit is located in Bafgh block in Central Iran. In exploration period, 19exploratory boreholes were drilled. According to results, the grade behavior is composed of threepopulations. Since dividing these population physically and geologically was MoreAnomaly No.12A iron deposit is located in Bafgh block in Central Iran. In exploration period, 19exploratory boreholes were drilled. According to results, the grade behavior is composed of threepopulations. Since dividing these population physically and geologically was not possible, therefore,the whole grade population was considered as one. In this regard, the normal, lognormal and threeparameter lognormal models have been studied. According to the results, the three parameter modelwas chosed for the deposit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Minimization of the deviation from the cut-off grades in long-term production scheduling of open pit mines with the goal of controlling waste stockpile
Ehsan Mosavi Reza ShirinabadiThe basic objective of long-term production planning to takes measures for implementing to extractive cut-off grades and short-term production planning. Proposed methods show from not mentioning to exact regulation the extractive cut-off grade at various periods. In lon MoreThe basic objective of long-term production planning to takes measures for implementing to extractive cut-off grades and short-term production planning. Proposed methods show from not mentioning to exact regulation the extractive cut-off grade at various periods. In long-term production planning optimization, the extractive cut-off grades necessity is the correct management of the ore sending to plant processing. On the other hand, the optimal choice of cut-off grades in open pit mines will lead to the control of mineral stockpiles and to prevent the consequences of mineral wastewater due to environmental issues. In this paper, exhibit linear programming model in order to sequence of mining blocks estimation from mentioning to control the extractive cut-off grades. The purpose of the proposed model, minimization the deviation extractive grades in planning terms. Which this major be careful the case setting the extractive grades in each time period based on an accepted grade of plant. In order to the validity of result modeling, Chadormalou Iron Mine was chosen as the case study. The result shows the obtained extractive cut-off grades from proposed model generates the high accuracy of the average grade of the processing plant in each planning period. Also, all available operational constraints have been satisfied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Minimization of the deviation from the optimal cut-off grades in long-term production scheduling of open pit mines by using mixed integer programming
Ehsan Moosavi Reza ShirinabadiThe basic objective of long-term production planning to takes measures for implementing to extractive cut-off grades and short-term production planning. So, the most important tool to implement the strategic and long-term program in open pit mines is extractive cut-off MoreThe basic objective of long-term production planning to takes measures for implementing to extractive cut-off grades and short-term production planning. So, the most important tool to implement the strategic and long-term program in open pit mines is extractive cut-off grades. Proposed methods show from not mentioning to exact regulation the extractive cut-off grade at various periods. In long-term production planning optimization, the extractive cut-off grades necessity is the correct management of the ore sending to plant processing. In this paper, exhibit linear programming model in order to sequence of mining blocks estimation from mentioning to control the extractive cut-off grades. Long-term production planning model using mixed integer mathematical programming is formulated. The purpose of the proposed model, minimization the deviation extractive grades in planning terms. Which this major be careful the case setting the extractive grades in each time period based on an accepted grade of plant. In order to the validity of result modeling, Chadormalou Iron Mine was chosen as the case study. The result shows the obtained extractive cut-off grades from proposed model generates the high accuracy of the average grade of the processing plant in each planning period. Also, all available operational constraints have been satisfied Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Investigating the Level of Parents' Participation in Doing “The Work and Technology” assignments of the Sixth Grade of Asadabad City in the Context of Virtual Education
Masoumeh Moghimi Firozabad -
Open Access Article
153 - Content analysis of the sixth grade social studies textbook based on the social skills component
Pari Fahandezh saadi Hossein AflakifardThe purpose of this study was to analyze the content of sixth grade social studies textbooks based on social skills components. The research method was qualitative and the content analysis method was beyond the readability level and the statistical population included t MoreThe purpose of this study was to analyze the content of sixth grade social studies textbooks based on social skills components. The research method was qualitative and the content analysis method was beyond the readability level and the statistical population included the sixth book of social studies. To review the sixth elementary social studies textbook based on the skill component and method beyond the randomly selected statistical sample, three texts of 100 words from the beginning, middle and end of the textbook were considered. Based on the component of social skills in the Fry method, according to the findings, it can be said that in the sixth elementary social studies book, social skills are presented in different chapters. The most attention in the field of communication skills is in the category of communication skills, the most attention in the field of self-governance skills is in the category of skills of consulting with others and the most attention in the field of courage is in the category of self-recognition skills. The principle of simplicity or difficulty is simply not observed in the book, and the authors of the textbooks have not arranged the content according to a specific pattern. Also, based on the Fry index chart, it was determined that the contents of the book are suitable for the twelfth grade, and these contents are difficult for sixth grade students and do not fit their reading level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Analysis of the content of the fourth elementary Persian book based on successfull intelligence
Masoumeh Souri Faramarz sohrabi asamrood kamran sheivandi choliche mehdi arabzadehThe aim of the current research was to analyze the content of the fourth grade Persian book with the approach of revealing successful intelligence and to provide information and suggestions to the planners in order to improve and correct this book. Considering the natur MoreThe aim of the current research was to analyze the content of the fourth grade Persian book with the approach of revealing successful intelligence and to provide information and suggestions to the planners in order to improve and correct this book. Considering the nature of the research topic and the limitation of the statistical community, sampling has been omitted, and all of them have been considered as samples. The data collection tool is the content analysis list of textbooks, which was prepared and compiled after studying the theoretical foundations and legal frameworks, and its validity was determined by educational science specialists and relevant experts. The checklist measurement tool was based on the content analysis unit: text, photo, paragraph and exercise. The research results have been investigated and analyzed using descriptive statistics and entropy index. Entropy coefficient was calculated based on Shannon's formula, which showed that based on the three dimensions of successful intelligence, which includes analytical, creative and practical intelligence, the most weight is related to adaptability. With the environment, the ability to analyze, interact, use practical skills, exploration and continuous learning Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - The Role of Internal and External developmental assets in Predicting the Academic Performance of Work and Technology course and Social Studies course for Ninth Grade Students
Arezu Ghafoori Mahdi Shariat Bagheri Ebrahim SafiKhanie Mahdi RezaiePositive development during adolescence has lifelong consequences; developmental assets frameworks contribute to the well-being of newcomers, including avoiding high-risk behaviors and engaging in positive or thriving behaviors. One of the main concerns of educational MorePositive development during adolescence has lifelong consequences; developmental assets frameworks contribute to the well-being of newcomers, including avoiding high-risk behaviors and engaging in positive or thriving behaviors. One of the main concerns of educational systems is trying to find ways to improve students' academic performance. The statistical population of the research was all ninth grade students of Qazvin province. Various psychological factors can affect academic performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of internal and external developmental assets in predicting the academic performance of ninth grade students in work and technology and social studies. With the cluster sampling strategy, the questionnaires were provided to the students in a Shad environment. Regression analysis was used to determine the contribution of independent variables in predicting the dependent variable. The results of the present study indicate that the correlation (relationship) between the variable of developmental assets and its subscales and students 'performance in work and technology and social studies is significant, which with increasing students' developmental assets score, their academic performance also improves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Considerations taken into account in text-book compilation in the republic of Azarbayjan
elnaz mahmoudavaText-book compilation needs change and development. Some textbooks are not up-to-date. As a result in the long run, they cause harm. After its independence, the republic of Azarbayjan had reviewed its text-books in schools. The road-map of text-book compilation has also MoreText-book compilation needs change and development. Some textbooks are not up-to-date. As a result in the long run, they cause harm. After its independence, the republic of Azarbayjan had reviewed its text-books in schools. The road-map of text-book compilation has also been formulated. Within 2003-2005, text-books were distributed free among first up to 11th grades. Within 2000-2007, 250 original text books were compiled. In 2002, text book compilation in German, English, and French started. Currently, textbook compilation in French and English has been finished. They are being reviewed and re-developed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Investigation of relationship between invitational education and intelligence beliefs in high school students of Kashmar
hosein mahdiyan hasan asadzadeh hasan shabani ghodsi ahghar hasan ahadiThe present study has been carried out with aim of Investigation of relationship between invitational education and intelligence beliefs in high school students of Kashmar . The research population include all male and female students studying at high schools in the aca MoreThe present study has been carried out with aim of Investigation of relationship between invitational education and intelligence beliefs in high school students of Kashmar . The research population include all male and female students studying at high schools in the academic year of 2009-2010 in Kashmar. The research sample includes 540 students (270 females, 270 males), selected through multi-stagerandom sampling: the city was divided into three regions (north, center, south), then four schools in each region and three classes in each school were randomly selected. Research instruments include (a) invitational teaching survey(Amos, Purkey, Tobias, 1980; Revised 1990; shaw2003); (b) intelligence beliefs questionnaire (Zabihi, 2005). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, one-sided ANOVA, and t-test. The results showed that (a) there is a significant relationship between invitational education components and those of intelligence beliefs; (b) there is differences between female and male students’ beliefs about invitational education; (c)there is differences between students’ beliefs about invitational education from various grade, and (d) intelligence beliefs are different among male and female students. The finding have some implications for education and effective learning, which are discussed in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Designing a competency model for educational and training leaders of rural and nomadic schools in the primary school of the Ministry of Education
noormohammad soltani mohammadreza rabiee mandejin mohammad hakak Mina Jamshidi avanakiThe purpose of conducting the research is to design a competency model for rural school leaders appropriate to the real situation of education, which was done by a mixed method. This qualitative research is based on data foundation theory and using a purposeful approach MoreThe purpose of conducting the research is to design a competency model for rural school leaders appropriate to the real situation of education, which was done by a mixed method. This qualitative research is based on data foundation theory and using a purposeful approach and applying theoretical saturation criteria, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with 21 experts. In open coding, a total of 684 open or primary codes were extracted from the total number of interviews conducted with experts in this field. From the total of open source, 112 basic concepts were extracted. In the next step, the basic concepts were classified into 22 coherent categories according to the aspects of similarity and semantic differentiation: causal conditions (institutionalizing the semantic position of leadership, correct understanding in recognizing the nature of leadership possibilities , Strengthening the contextual / thematic knowledge of leaders, Utilitarian selection of leaders), Phenomenon (content knowledge, leadership skills, leadership abilities, individual-personality competencies), Intervention conditions (continuous evaluation / performance of leaders, Weakness of sharing) ...), contextual conditions (specific policy in the field of educational leadership, leader as a leader - not an inspector), strategies (capacity building and participatory needs assessment, development - self-directed plans ...), consequences (leader as a facilitator, adjustment Teacher / school relations, justice and educational empowerment ...) have been analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Numerical Investigation of Subgrade Reaction Coefficient in Sand Soils of Bandar Abbas City
Adel Asakereh Masood Mossafa -
Open Access Article
160 - Designing and Evaluating Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of Hassani’s Emotional Active Memory Software Test in Fifth Grade Female Students
ilnaz sajadian mozhgan hassani mohamadali nadiAbstract The present study aimed at designing and evaluating the psychometric properties of Hassani’s Emotional Active Memory Software Test on a sample of 80 fifth grade female students in public schools of Tehran during the academic year 2016-2017. They were sel MoreAbstract The present study aimed at designing and evaluating the psychometric properties of Hassani’s Emotional Active Memory Software Test on a sample of 80 fifth grade female students in public schools of Tehran during the academic year 2016-2017. They were selected via two multistage cluster sampling and purposive methods. The test consists of 8 blocks, each consists of 12 exercises. 3 blocks is performed for each subject selected randomly. The stimuli have a number of emoji with emotional loads and marks. To investigate the psychometric properties, test-retest reliability coefficient with 20 days interval was employed. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.68 to 0.75. In addition, validity of the test was assessed using content validity and criterion validity techniques by comparing "matched groups". The first group consisted of 20 normal students, and the second group included 20 students with active memory deficits and low cognitive emotion regulation. The second group’s subjects were identified by two the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) and Garnefski’s Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). The results of comparing mean scores of the two groups in different parts of the test showed a significant difference between the performance of them (p = 0.001). Therefore, Hassani’s Active Memory Software Test has good reliability and validity and can be used to measure emotional memory in psychological studies in the mentioned age range. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Analysis of effective factors on Faculty Development of Azad University, Azadshahr Branch
Majid Pakdaman Ahmad Reza TalebiThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between teachers' knowledge of learning disabilities andstudents' sense of belong toschool and academic performance Using a sample of 45, for each teacher five students were selected from the same class (size stu MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between teachers' knowledge of learning disabilities andstudents' sense of belong toschool and academic performance Using a sample of 45, for each teacher five students were selected from the same class (size student sample was 225). The results showed there in no significant relationship between teachers' knowledge and sense of attachement. Between the academic performance of students and teachers knowledge about learning disabilities there is a significant relationship. Regression analysis showed that teachers' knowledge has the ability to predict academic performance of students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Study the Situation of Components of Social Competence in Curriculum Design of Sixth Grade, From the Perspective of Teachers
Mehr Hosseini Soheila ZalbeigiThe principal aim of the present study was review the situation of components of social competence in curriculum Design of sixth grade, from the perspective of teachers. The population and sample were the same and includes all 50 teachers of sixth grad MoreThe principal aim of the present study was review the situation of components of social competence in curriculum Design of sixth grade, from the perspective of teachers. The population and sample were the same and includes all 50 teachers of sixth grade elementary of Takestan city. Research tool was Social Competence Questionnaire of Felner with minor changes in asking method of questions. Face and content validity and reliability of the questionnaire in Cronbach's alpha method were verified. Research method was Descriptive - survey. The results showed that the Cognitive aspect of social competence in the sixth grade textbook is significantly at a lower level than average. The behavior aspect and thriller aspect and emotional aspect of social competence in the sixth grade textbook is non-significantly at a higher level than average. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - بررسی تاثیر فعالیتهای خواندنی-تفکری هدایت شده بر روی توانایی درک مطلب سطح بندی شده
مریم حبیب اللهی اقدم ثریا بهروزی زادخواندن و درک مطلب یکی از مهارتهای ضروری در یادگیری هر زمانی است. به نظر می رسد نظام آموزشی ایران نیازمند تغییر و بازنگری در تدریس درک مطلب خواندن است. بدین منظور، تحقیق حاضر روش فعالیت خواندنی-تفکری هدایت شده را ( ارائه شده توسط استافر 1969 ) به عنوان مدلی برای تدریس خو Moreخواندن و درک مطلب یکی از مهارتهای ضروری در یادگیری هر زمانی است. به نظر می رسد نظام آموزشی ایران نیازمند تغییر و بازنگری در تدریس درک مطلب خواندن است. بدین منظور، تحقیق حاضر روش فعالیت خواندنی-تفکری هدایت شده را ( ارائه شده توسط استافر 1969 ) به عنوان مدلی برای تدریس خواندن درک مطلب سطح بندی شده ارائه کرده که انتظار می رود روش ذکر شده در جهت تقویت توانایی خواندن درک مطلب سطح بندی شده در دانش آموزان موثر باشد. در جهت اجرای اهداف این تحقیق ، در مرحله نخست 50 شرکت کننده به صورت تصادفی از دانش آموزان آموزشگاه زبانسرا در سطح متوسط انتخاب شده که در 2 گروه 25 نفری ( گروه آزمایشی و گروه کنترل ) جای گرفته اند. با الهام گیری از روش ترکیبی، در مرحله ی کمی دانش آموزان در پیش آزمون و پس آزمون شرکت کرده اند و در مرحله کیفی با 15 نفر از دانش آموزان گروه آزمایشی مصاحبه ای در خصوص تاثیر اجرای روش فعالیت خواندی – تفکری هدایت شده(متن منتخب از نوع داستانی بوده) بر روی درک مطلب سطح بندی شده صورت گرفته است . نتایج بدست آمده مبنی بر این است که روش مذکور تاثیر بسزایی در خواندن مطالب سطح بندی شده داشته است. مقاله حاضر اشاراتی بر برخی از روش های تعلیمی برای معلمین و دانش آموزان زبان خارج انگلیسی وهمچنین راه هایی برای انجام تحقیقات بعدی ارائه نموده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - The Effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom Teaching Method on the Components of Academic Optimism in Mathematics
Reza Shahi Mahdi Eyvazi Nayyer Heydari KalajehThe important mission of education is to help the all-round development of students intellectually, behaviorally and attitudinally. Academic optimism is considered one of the most important components of attitudinal growth and a complement to the intellectual and behavi MoreThe important mission of education is to help the all-round development of students intellectually, behaviorally and attitudinally. Academic optimism is considered one of the most important components of attitudinal growth and a complement to the intellectual and behavioral growth of students, which has attracted the attention of education specialists and researchers in this field. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the effect of the flipped classroom teaching method on the components of academic optimism in mathematics. The present research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research includes all the students of the 6th grade of elementary school in Varzeghan city, firstly, 34 people were selected by the available sampling method, then two experimental groups (17 people) were randomly selected due to the homogeneity of the samples. and control (17 people) were replaced. To collect data, the Academic Optimism Questionnaire (AOQ) of Schennen Moran et al. (2013) was used with a reliability of 0.93 for the whole test. Research hypotheses were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance method and SPSS26 software. The findings showed that the flipped classroom teaching method significantly increases students' academic optimism in the components of student trust in the teacher (P<0.001), academic emphasis (P=0.013) and school unity (P=0.015). As a result, the flipped classroom teaching method is considered one of the most effective methods of developing academic optimism, which is recommended to sixth grade teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - The Effect of Homework on Mathematics Achievement of Sixth Grade Elementary School Students in Urmia
Hasan Yousefzadeh Parviz SarandiThe aim of this study was to investigat the effect of homework on mathematics achievement of sixth grade elementary students in Urmia. The study was a quasi-experimental research with pretest - posttest design and control group. The statistical population consisted of a MoreThe aim of this study was to investigat the effect of homework on mathematics achievement of sixth grade elementary students in Urmia. The study was a quasi-experimental research with pretest - posttest design and control group. The statistical population consisted of all sixth grade students during the academic year 1393-1394 in Urmia. The sampling method was multistage random sampling in which 60 students in three experimental and one control groups (each including 15 students) were selected. To gather the data, the participants’ mathematics achievement tests scores, and Ravens standard progressive matrices were used. To analyze the data, the researchers used covariance analysis. The results showed that all three types of assignment, practice, preparation, and combined, have an effect on the participants’ mathematice achievement, but the effect of combined assignment (practice and prepation) were more than the effect of practice and preparation alone. Also, the effect of preparation assignment was far more than practice assignment. Based on the findings it can be concluded that teachers and education staff can assign practice and preparation assignment together to improve studentsʼ educational outcomes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - The Study of the Relationship Between Study Habits And Educational Self-efficacy, academic performance in Babol third grade Guidanc School Students
Hossien Nazari Shaker Kazem Fath Tabar Firozjayi Mohammad Reza KeramatiIn this study the relationship between study habits and educational self-efficacy, and academic performance third grade guidance school students in the academic year 2010-2011 has been examined 180 students (90 girls and 90 boys) were chosen as our sample size by MoreIn this study the relationship between study habits and educational self-efficacy, and academic performance third grade guidance school students in the academic year 2010-2011 has been examined 180 students (90 girls and 90 boys) were chosen as our sample size by random cluster sampling method. The data were gathered by Morgan-Jinks self-efficacy questionnaire (1999), and palsane and sharma study habits inventory (PSSHI). correlation coefficient model, T-test, and stepwise regression were used to determine. The relationship between variables, comparing girls and boys, and determining the forecast of variables, respectively. The results of the study showed that academic performance of students was correlated with 4 subscales of study habits (“talent” and “effort” subscales in 0.01, “memory” subscale in 0.01, and “try” subscale in 0.05 level of significance). There was no significant difference between two genders in study variables. The results of stepwise regression showed that subscales of talent, memory, physical status, and note-taking can explain 0.25 of academic performance variance among girls; only two subscales (talent and memory) can explain 0.16 of academic performance variance among boys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - The effect of teaching synectics on fourth-grade primary school students` creative thinking in experimental sciences course in Salmas
Asadollah Khadivi Vida BanaeiThis study aimed at examining the effect of using synectics methodology on fourth grade primary school students` creative thinking in experimental sciences course in Salmas during the academic year 1391-1392. The statistical population of this study included all fourth- MoreThis study aimed at examining the effect of using synectics methodology on fourth grade primary school students` creative thinking in experimental sciences course in Salmas during the academic year 1391-1392. The statistical population of this study included all fourth-grade primary students in the academic year 1390-1392, among whom 50 female students were selected through cluster sampling as the participants of this study. This research was a quosi-experimental study with pre-test – post-test control group design in which the data was gathered using Torrance creativity test. In the experimental group, synectics methodology was used to teach experimental sciences for three months whereas in the control group, traditional methodology was used to teach the same course. The data was gathered and the analysis of covariance was conducted. The results confirmed the main hypotheses of the study. It was revealed that synectics methodology has a positive effect on the creativity, fluency, expansion, and flexibility of the students` answers and ideas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - A study of life skills assessment among first grade high school students
Fariba Karimi Saeideh FekriThe purpose of the study was to determine high-school first grander students' life-skills in Takab Township. The research method was descriptive survey. The statistical included all the first grade students which added up to 1270 people, out of which 100 people was chos MoreThe purpose of the study was to determine high-school first grander students' life-skills in Takab Township. The research method was descriptive survey. The statistical included all the first grade students which added up to 1270 people, out of which 100 people was chosen as the sample size. The sampling method was random stage sampling. To gather the data the life skills standard questionnaire which included problem solving, empathy, creative thinking, decision making, coping with emotions and stress, critical Hinking, effective communication, self-awareness, interpersonal relationship. The face and content validity was confirmed by experts and according to cronbach’s alpha coefficient , the questionnaire’s reliability was 0.85.Data analysis was accomplished in two levels of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.(T test for a single mean, t test for independent). Findings showed that First-grade students’ enjoyment in decision making skill, problem solving, critical thinking and interpersonal relationship was average and in other skills was less than average. Student’s highest level of enjoyment was in critical thinking skill and their lowest level of enjoyment was in creative thinking skill. There is a significant difference between male and female students in Effective Communication skill and the average scores of girls were more than boys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Examine the Relationship Between Social Acceptance and Attitude to Mothers with School Anxiety of Sixth Grade Students in Primary Schools
Ali Khademi Mina Ali Akbari Hamzeh SalmanpourThis study aimed to examine the relationship between social acceptance and attitude to mothers with school anxiety of sixth grade students in primary schools in District 2of Uremia city. The research method was descriptive -correlational and study population include the MoreThis study aimed to examine the relationship between social acceptance and attitude to mothers with school anxiety of sixth grade students in primary schools in District 2of Uremia city. The research method was descriptive -correlational and study population include the sixth grade students in primary schools. The sample consisted of 358 girl and boy students who were selected by random cluster sampling. In this study, data were collected from questionnaires such as: attitude to the mother of Hudson (1992), school anxiety of Phillips (1978) and social acceptance of Ford and Robin (1970). Then to analyze the data, Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used. Analytical results showed that there is significant relationship between social acceptance and attitude to the mother with school anxiety. There is a significant difference between girls and boys in terms of school anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Effectiveness of Problem Solving Training on Dysfunctional Attitudes and Irrational Beliefs of Third Grade-High School Students in Sanandaj
Hassan Garibi Sara Javanmardi Changiz RostamiThe current study was designed to determine the effectiveness of problem solving training on dysfunctional attitudes and irrational beliefs of third grade-high school students. This research, in terms of purpose, is an applied inquiry and in terms of implementation is q MoreThe current study was designed to determine the effectiveness of problem solving training on dysfunctional attitudes and irrational beliefs of third grade-high school students. This research, in terms of purpose, is an applied inquiry and in terms of implementation is quasi-experimental with pre-post test that was executed among high school female students in Sanandaj in 2015. The sampling method was based on random multi-phase clustering. The sample included in two the experimental and control groups randomly selected, each containing 15 people. After selecting the participants and assigning them to the experimental and control groups, the researcher did not provide the control group with any training but the experimental group received 10 one-hour problem solving training sessions based on Hepner and Peterson problem solving skills. In order to collect the data, the irrational beliefs Questionnaire of Jones, and Wisemanʼs Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale have been used. At the end of the experiment, the post test was performed in the experimental and control groups. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics such as the mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics such as ANCOVA and MANCOVA were used. The results indicated that problem solving skills training affect the dysfunctional attitudes and irrational beliefs, such that the attitudes and irrational beliefs decreased as the problem solving skills improved. Also, the covariance analysis results indicated that by eliminating the effectss of the scores of the subgroups of irrational beliefs in the pre-test as a covariate variable, the main effect of training on the scores of irrational beliefs in all dimensions in the post-test is significant Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Study on compressive and compatibility properties of titanium functionally graded scaffolds (FGSs) as bone replacements
Esmaeil Shahimoridi Seyed Mohammad Kalantari Arman Molaei -
Open Access Article
172 - Fabrication and Characterization of Nanostructure Functionally Graded Ni-P Electroless Coating
Sayede Razieh Anvari Sayed Mahmoud Monirvaghefi Mohammad Hossein Enayati -
Open Access Article
173 - Effect of Material Gradient on Stresses of FGM Rotating Thick-Walled Cylindrical Pressure Vessel with Longitudinal Variation of Properties under Non-uniform Internal and External Pressure
Mehdi Jabbari Mohammad Zamani Nejad Mehdi Ghannad -
Open Access Article
174 - Effects of Power-Law Distribution and Exponential with Uniform Pressures on Vibration Behavior of Reinforced Cylindrical Shell Made of Functionally Graded Materials under Symmetric Boundary Conditions
Mohammad Reza Isvandzibaei -
Open Access Article
175 - Creep and Stress Redistribution Analysis of Thick-Wall FGM Spheres Subjected to Mechanical Load and Heat Flux – An Analytical Approach
Ali Ziaei-Asl Mohammad Reza Saviz Javad Pourabdollah -
Open Access Article
176 - Investigation of Some Ecological Characteristics of Artemisia sieberi Besser. and Estimation of its Density by Neural Networks in Roodab Section of Sabzevar
Alireza Ghasemi Arian fazel fazeli hossein rohaniAbstract Artemisia sieberi Besser. (Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant belongs to flora of Iran , which is used in treatment of parasitic and infectious diseases. In recent years, many habitats parts of this plant have been destroyed by human activities. The purpose of th MoreAbstract Artemisia sieberi Besser. (Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant belongs to flora of Iran , which is used in treatment of parasitic and infectious diseases. In recent years, many habitats parts of this plant have been destroyed by human activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the autecological characteristics and estimation of Artemisia density in Roodab region of Sabzevar in 2017. At first the A.sieberi habitats was determined on satellite images, then ecological information including topography, climate, soil, geology and phenology was collected. In the next step, Artemisia densities in degraded rangelands were investigated by using neural network model. For this purpose, 70 random soil samples consisting of independent variables (texture, EC, SAR, pH, N, P, K, cations, organic matter and lime percentage) as well as dependent variable (plant density) were used to construct the model. The results were showed that A.sieberi prefers altitudes of of 1400 to 1800 m, 0% to 12% slope, 160 to 200 mm rainfall, and loamy to calcareous loam soils with low salinity. plant vegetative activity begins in late March and seed ripening occurs early in December. The results of model prediction indicated that the lowest plant density with 0.11 / m2 was related to the plots that were 40 years under plowing stress and the highest density with 0.4 /m2 was related to the plots after two years of degradation. The regression model (R2) showed that 95% of independent variables were involved in determining plant density. Model prediction also indicated that the lowest density by 0.11 and 0.4 plant per m2 belonged to rangelands have been plowed more than 40 years and which lasted two years from their destruction, respectively. Regression model (R2) also showed that independent variables have a 95% effect on the determination of A.sieberi density. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Analysis and Classification of Kerman Province in Terms of Educational Indicators Using TOPSIS
Hossein Ghazanfar Pour Amin Kakadezfuli Anis KakadezfuliRegional planning and development aiming at reducing regional disparities, are two important issues in developing countries. Identifying and analyzing the situation in various fields of regional development is the first step in the planning process. Then the bottlenecks MoreRegional planning and development aiming at reducing regional disparities, are two important issues in developing countries. Identifying and analyzing the situation in various fields of regional development is the first step in the planning process. Then the bottlenecks and constraints in areas can be characterized and removed. In other words, the allocation of funds and resources among different regions, identifying their position in the region and enjoying the benefits of ranking levels are all essential. The purpose of this study was to analyze and regionalize Kerman province as far as the physical indicators of education are considered. The main problem of the present study was that the cities in the province suffer from the inequality in education. Thus, determining the inequality may help the researchers in poverty reduction in the area. The research is a descriptive – analytical one. The data have been chosen from the statistical yearbook of population and housing census of the year 1390. These data have been analyzed based on 21 indicators, which are mainly physical factors affecting the education sector. The results showed that Kerman province can be classified into four main levels: 39% of its cities in the over-concentration rate; 21% in the above- concentration rate, 30% are in the mid- concentration rate, and less than 9% of the cities under- concentration rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Relationship of Using Information Technology and Adaptability to Teachers Common Sense
seyed ahmad hashemi nahzat safaee -
Open Access Article
179 - The Analysis of sixth grade science book based on the biological, physical, and technology areas proposed in the fundamental transformation document of the educational system
Aliasghar Mashinchi ghasemi aliakbar yousef razeghipour -
Open Access Article
180 - Numerical and Analytical Investigation of a Cylinder Made of Functional Graded Materials under Thermo-Mechanical Fields
Javad Jafari Fesharaki Seyed Ghasem Madani Sa’id Golabi -
Open Access Article
181 - Stress Concentration Factor in a Functionally Graded Material Plate around a Hole
Javad Jafari Fesharaki Seyed Ghasem Madani Davood Seydali -
Open Access Article
182 - An introduction to the knowledge of stratification of hadith texts: typology, contexts and methods
mohaddeseh ghaderi ahmad zarezardini yahya MirhoseiniResearchers in the field of hadith, along with traditional methods, need new and more accurate methods to recover authentic hadith texts and find distortions and additions in hadiths. One of these methods is the layering of texts. In recent decades, this method has been MoreResearchers in the field of hadith, along with traditional methods, need new and more accurate methods to recover authentic hadith texts and find distortions and additions in hadiths. One of these methods is the layering of texts. In recent decades, this method has been looked at more seriously. But the void of stratification in the field of hadith sciences is very noticeable. Therefore, the present essay deals with the typology and investigation of the reasons for the emergence of different layers on narrative texts. The current research deals with the rereading of narrative texts in the form of stratification with a descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the research indicate that various reasons, such as the mixed description of the text, the fact that it has two authors, assembling, create multi-layeredness in the texts, and paying attention to the time, language, place and style of expression that governs the text in identifying different layers. can be useful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Analysis of FGM Beam by FEM Method Applying Abacus Software
mehdi ghohyeei Seyed Alireza Mohajerani Saeed Jafari Mehr Abadi behnaz ghohyeeiLow–velocity foreign object impact damage is one of the most important issues in composite materials used in military and civil structures. Fiber composites are strong sheets, which are subjected to impact loads, to reduce the damage of the impact using hard resin MoreLow–velocity foreign object impact damage is one of the most important issues in composite materials used in military and civil structures. Fiber composites are strong sheets, which are subjected to impact loads, to reduce the damage of the impact using hard resins. In this research, low-speed bullet impact to six beams with FGM layering whose modulus of elasticity in the beam thickness varies from ceramic to metal and the response of the beams to low velocity impact has been investigated by finite element method using Abacus software. The strain, displacement and tension of the beam have been analyzed in two modes of the last layer of the metal and ceramic – metal. A comparison of displacement, tension and strain diagrams along the length of the beam for the six beams has been made. It was observed that the higher the properties of the metal than the ceramic, the higher the amount of displacement and tension and the strain in the beam decreased with increasing degree of ceramic properties compared to the metal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Evaluating the effectiveness of using computer software and social networks on the mathematical attitude of high school female students
maryam iranshahi Mohammad Khalily-DermanyThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of using computer software and social networks on improving the students' mathematical attitude. The research method is quasi-experimental with the pretest-posttest design with the control group. The research sa MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of using computer software and social networks on improving the students' mathematical attitude. The research method is quasi-experimental with the pretest-posttest design with the control group. The research sample comprised 60 primary school students in the first and second-grade schools of Khomein in the academic year of 96-97. They were selected by simple random sampling method and 30 of them were in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. To collect data, Aiken attitude questionnaire, which consists of 16 questions in terms of Likert spectrum, was used. Using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the reliability of the standard questionnaire was estimated to be 0.83. Initially, two groups were pre-test and the experimental group was trained using computer software and a social network (telegram) during 16 sessions in two months, and the control group was trained in the traditional way, then from two groups are tested. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of covariance analysis showed that using computer software and social networks improves students' mathematical attitude. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Exploring E-Citizen Status in the Book Kar and Fanavari for the Sixth Grade
Ebrahim Mohammadjani Esmaeil Zaraii Zavaraki Farkhondeh MofidiThe development of information and communication technology in society, which is blended in people’s everyday lives, has changed the society to electronic society. In order to go hand in hand with E-society, our country should pay special attention to E-citizen ed MoreThe development of information and communication technology in society, which is blended in people’s everyday lives, has changed the society to electronic society. In order to go hand in hand with E-society, our country should pay special attention to E-citizen education issue in which educational and curriculum system has a key role. The present study was to explore E-citizen status in the book Kar and Fanavari (work and technology) for the sixth grade. The study was of applied nature, using quantitative method and content analysis. The analysis units were sentences and images. The measurement tool applied was E-citizen’s skill and education standard for the IT curriculum development of the state technical and vocational training organization. The standard consists of three main components: a) basic computer knowledge and skills, b) data searching knowledge and skills, and c) E-participation and citizenship. Descriptive statistics (frequency, frequency percentage and tables) was applied to analyze the data. The results revealed that 80.05% of all the sentences and images of the book are related to basic computer knowledge and skills, and 10.22% are related to the data searching knowledge and skills. The book does not contribute to the E-participation and citizenship component and there is no such sentence or image as related to it. Besides, 9.73% of the sentences and images of the book are allocated to irrelevant components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - The Effect of Educational Software "Misha and Koosha" on Achievement Motivation and Academic Achievement of Science Course
Hossein Momeni Mahmouei Majid Pakdaman Majid DadmehrThe main objective of the research was to investigate the effect of educational software "Misha and Koosha" on achievement motivation and academic achievement in science course of fifth grade boys elementary students in the city of Birjand. This research was quasi-exper MoreThe main objective of the research was to investigate the effect of educational software "Misha and Koosha" on achievement motivation and academic achievement in science course of fifth grade boys elementary students in the city of Birjand. This research was quasi-experimental study with a pretest - posttest design with a control group. The statistical population was all the fifth grade male students of elementary schools in the city of Birjand in the academic year 2012-13, among which 50 students were selected by random cluster sampling method. One group (n = 25) was selected as the experimental group and the other group (n = 25) as the control group. In the experimental group, the software training and in the control group, the general classroom education was used for two months. To collect data, Bernard Weiner motivation questionnaire (with reliability of 0.72) and researcher made tests of academic achievement used. Cronbach Alpha Coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the academic achievement tests that obtained 0.75 for the pre-test and 0.71 for the post-test. The data were analyzed with covariance analysis. The results showed that the "Misha and Koosha" educational software had a positive effect on achievement motivation and academic achievement of science course in fifth grade boys elementary students (P>0.001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - The Effect of Internet Use on Social Skills of Elementary Students
Ebrahim Mohammadjani Maryam SafarnavadehThe present research aimed to investigate the effect of the internet use on social skills of elementary school students. This study was based on semi-empirical, with pre-test and post-test method and control group. The statistical society was the total population of pri MoreThe present research aimed to investigate the effect of the internet use on social skills of elementary school students. This study was based on semi-empirical, with pre-test and post-test method and control group. The statistical society was the total population of primary school male children in the sixth grade of Sarchehan Area including 185 people in the academic year 2013-2014. Using random cluster sampling method, a number of 120 cases were selected as sample. The measurement tool was a researcher-made questionnaire designed for social skills of the sixth grade elementary school students. Reliability of the test was 0.87 based on Cronbach alpha. Validity of the tool was confirmed by five psychology and education experts as well as applying 20 teachers and principals' opinions. The collected data were analyzed using t test and SPSS software. The results confirmed the main hypothesis that the internet use increased social skills of students. Moreover, the results revealed that internet use enhanced skills of respect for others, responsibility, friend making and group activities participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - The Relationship between Teachers’ ICT Literacy and Academic Achievement Fifth Grade Students’ in Tehran
Mehdi Shariatmadari Marzieh AghajaniThe present study aimed to study the relationship between teachers' ICT literacy and the academic achievement of fifth grade students in Tehran. The research was descriptive in nature and correlational method was used as the design of the study and data collection metho MoreThe present study aimed to study the relationship between teachers' ICT literacy and the academic achievement of fifth grade students in Tehran. The research was descriptive in nature and correlational method was used as the design of the study and data collection method. The statistical population of the study included all teachers of fifth grade in Tehran primary schools who were 2669 in 2014-15 academic year. Based on Krejcie and Morgan table and by using simple random sampling method a sample of 338 was chosen. In order of data collection a researcher made questionnaire was used. The content and face validity of the questionnaires was evaluated and confirmed by researchers. Reliability of the survey was explored and the calculated Cronbach Alpha was 0.949 and 0.903 for ICT Literacy scale and Academic Achievement questionnaire respectively. For data analyzing Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple Regression tests were used. The findings of the study indicated that there was a significant correlation between teachers ICT literacy, and students’ academic achievement. Furthermore, Regression analysis showed that use of computer and management files, jobs and ICT predict academic achievement positively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - The effect of training through augmented reality on learning the Lesson Social studies elementary students in 6 the grade
HamidReza Alian mozhghan heidary manijeh ahmadiThe purpose of this study was investigate The effect of training through augmented reality on learning the Lesson Social studies elementary students in 6 the grade. the type of research is quantitative for data collection of the semi - experimental study. the subjects w MoreThe purpose of this study was investigate The effect of training through augmented reality on learning the Lesson Social studies elementary students in 6 the grade. the type of research is quantitative for data collection of the semi - experimental study. the subjects were selected 120 students through multi - stage cluster sampling method in groups of control (traditional teaching) and the experimental group (training with the help of augmented reality) were selected .Data collection by the researchers made exam for academic progress with 25 questions in three occasions. The reliability of the test was also obtained by Cronbach 's alpha 0.86 which indicates good reliability of the questions. the repeated measure test was performed in order to study the learning extent of students who showed the superiority of the teaching method to the help of augmented reality, but augmented reality did not significantly affect the learning of girls and boys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Investigating the effect of online multiplayer game in a participatory situation on students' academic motivation and learning
Eskandar Alijani Alijanvand Hasan rashidi safiye Abdollahi Milad Aghveranluei Mehran DasturaniThe purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of online multiplayer game in a participatory situation on academic motivation and learning. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical popu MoreThe purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of online multiplayer game in a participatory situation on academic motivation and learning. The research method is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study includes all sixth grade male students in Tehran who were studying in the academic year 1400-1401. Two schools and two classrooms were selected as a sample by using purposive sampling method and 50 students participated in this study. The tool for collecting academic motivation data was the standardized questionnaire by Pour-Agha Rudbardeh and Talepasand, which was designed for the seventh grade . A four-choice teacher-made test was used to collect variable learning data. The validity of this test was determined at the appropriate level according to the use of the table of specifications, opinion of teachers and experts. Its reliability was also observed through K- 21, 0.71. The results obtained from univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the significance level is less than 0.05 (p <0.05). Thus, the statistical null hypothesis was rejected, it was found that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control scores in the scores of academic motivation and learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - The Effect of "Vicky and Nicky" Educational Software on Creativity and Mathematics Academic Achievement
Hossein Momeni Mahmouei Majid Pakdaman Mojtaba LariThe purpose of the research was to study the effect of "Vicky and Nicky" educational software and the amount of creativity and mathematics academic achievement of fifth grade elementary school boy students in Birjand. The statistical population included all fifth-grade MoreThe purpose of the research was to study the effect of "Vicky and Nicky" educational software and the amount of creativity and mathematics academic achievement of fifth grade elementary school boy students in Birjand. The statistical population included all fifth-grade students in public schools in 2012. The research method was a quasi-experimental one. 60 students were selected as statistical sample that were divided into experimental and control group. The experimental group was taught for two months through educational software, but the control group was taught traditionally (teacher-base method). Abedi test of creativity and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to gather data. The data were analyzed through Covariance analysis. The results showed that "Vicky and Nicky" educational soft-ware had positive effect on creativity and math achievement of the fifth-grade elementary school students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Teaching Reading through "Letter – Syllable –Word" Method Using Multimedia in Comparison with the Conventional Method (Using Board and Tablet)
Hoseyn Mehdizadeh Farokh Feyzi Maryam EslampanahReading is one of the most important basic skills for the growth of children’s intrinsic abilities which was taken into consideration by many researchers. Inability in reading usually brings about many problems in learning for students. This paper reports the resu MoreReading is one of the most important basic skills for the growth of children’s intrinsic abilities which was taken into consideration by many researchers. Inability in reading usually brings about many problems in learning for students. This paper reports the result of a two-groups with pre-test and post-test semi-experimental design which was done in elementary schools of Mahidasht region of Kermanshah province in the academic year 2009-2010. Its objective was to determine the degree of the effect of teaching reading through the method of “Letter-Syllable-Word” using digital multimedia in comparison with the conventional method (using board and tablet). In this project which was done on 54 students, first the pre-test measure of reading ability was performed for both groups, and then reading Persian language was taught to the experimental group using multimedia in 16 sessions of 45 minutes. During this time the control group used board and tablet. At the end of teaching, post-test measure of reading ability and measurement of vocabulary were performed. The findings resulted from independent t test and analysis of Co-Variance indicated that teaching with the use of multimedia in comparison with the current method, was more impressive on the reading ability performance of students in three components of accurate-reading, reading- speed and vocabulary- reservoir. It can be concluded that teaching with the use of such multimedia, especially in high-populated classes, and in case of creating the necessary facilities in rural schools in which teachers have less opportunity for individual teaching of weaker individuals, can be an effective help in teaching reading skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - رابطه بین اضطراب کلاس درس زبان خارجی و پیشرفت زبان انگلیسی
فرهاد قربان دردی نژاد -
Open Access Article
194 - Abiotic stress trigger mitochondrial defense system: A comprehensive review.
Khalil saad-Allah Ibrahim Abdelsalam -
Open Access Article
195 - Reliability optimization problems with multiple constraints under fuzziness
Neha Gupta Sanam Haseen Abdul Bari -
Open Access Article
196 - Availability analysis of mechanical systems with condition-based maintenance using semi-Markov and evaluation of optimal condition monitoring interval
Girish Kumar Vipul Jain O. P. Gandhi -
Open Access Article
197 - Optimal overhaul–replacement policy for a multi-degraded repairable system sold with warranty
Kusmaningrum Soemadi Bermawi Priyatna Iskandar Harsono Taroepratjeka -
Open Access Article
198 - Seismic Upgrading of Non-ductile Steel Frames using Steel Plate Shear Walls
Vishal Bhatia Siddhartha Ghosh -
Open Access Article
199 - Investigation of anti -wear effect of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in multi-grade engine oil compared to conventional engine oil
فرشته قربانی نایینی حمیدرضا اسکندری داود ابراهیمیIn this study, the performance of anti-wear in engine oil which contain nanomaterial additive has been compared and evaluated to conventional engine oil, by using laboratory tests. For this purpose, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) as a nanomaterial additive we MoreIn this study, the performance of anti-wear in engine oil which contain nanomaterial additive has been compared and evaluated to conventional engine oil, by using laboratory tests. For this purpose, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) as a nanomaterial additive were selected to use in Iranol Racing engine oil, SAE 10W40. At first the stability of the nano-fluid, obtained by the nanoparticles, was confirmed by using UV and zeta potential devices. The iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The nanoparticles have a diameter in the range of 8-13 nm. Size distribution of nanoparticles by dynamic light scattering (DLS) was also investigated. Anti-wear performance of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in multi-grade engine oil was evaluated by means of the four ball and falex test. The results generally indicate the improvement of anti-wear performance engine oil which was prepared by adding nanoparticles. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with concentration of 0.1 percent, increase weld strength from76.32 to 92.74 kgf and load wear index (LWI) from 250 to 315 kgf, in the four ball test. Additionally it has increased the falex test results (linear load carrying) from 1160 to 1220 lbf, compared to conventional engine oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Laboratory Investigation on the Influence of Cyclic Water Injection Pressure on Sands Hydraulic Conductivity
H Es-haghi Sharabiani M Gharavi -
Open Access Article
201 - Effects of Upward Seepage on Depth of Scour Hole Downstream of Free Falling Jets Under Constant Tail Water Depth
S.M Razavi Nabavi M Shafai Bejestan -
Open Access Article
202 - The relationship between achievement motivation,self concept,and performance in science in eighth graders:a study based on analyses of results of TIMSS-R
Younes Gholami Mohammad, K. Khodapanahi Abbas Rahiminezhad Mahmoud HeidariThis research compared the relationships between achievement motivation, self concept, and achie- presented in the Third International Studies of Science and Math (TIMSS- of the MoreThis research compared the relationships between achievement motivation, self concept, and achie- presented in the Third International Studies of Science and Math (TIMSS- of the c TIMSS test, randomly selected by the International Institute for Academic Achievement Evaluation. The material included a Science !" and an individual questionnaire and both were administered by the ministries of education of the related countries. The results were # $ % study. The results of ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and inde- pendent ttest showed a significant difference between students’ self concept, expectations about continuing their education, and academic achievement. But, there was no significant difference between the students’ attitudes, interests, perceptions regarding the importance of science, time spent out of home to learn the material, gender, and achievement in science. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Effectiveness of gestalt play therapy in decreasing social phobia
Maryam Farahzadi Mehdi Zare Bahramabadi Mohammad Ali MohammadifarThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Gestalt play therapy in decreasing social phobia of fourth grade students. In order to select participants, two girls schools of the 2nd educational district of Tehran were selected by cluster random samp MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Gestalt play therapy in decreasing social phobia of fourth grade students. In order to select participants, two girls schools of the 2nd educational district of Tehran were selected by cluster random sampling method. Then, the teachers completed the social phobia items of the Child Symptom Inventory (CSI-4; Gadow, & Sparfkin, 1994). Based on teachers' reports, 12 students (M=11) were selected and assigned randomly to two equally experimental and control groups. The research design was pretest - posttest control group. The experimental group received 10 sessions of Gestalt play therapy (90 minutes a week) in groups. After 10th session, the teachers completed the social phobia items of the Child Symptom Inventory for both groups. Data were analyzed using covariance analyses. The results indicated that Gestalt play therapy was effective on decreasing the scores of the diagnosing and the severity factors of social phobia symptoms in the posttest phase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - یک مدل FSDT برای تجزیه و تحلیل ارتعاشات صفحه FG مستطیلی نانو بر اساس تئوری تنش زوج اصلاح شده تحت بار متحرک
یونس امین -
Open Access Article
205 - تجزیه و تحلیل ارتعاش اجباری صفحات مستطیلی دارای درجه بندی عملکردی با تخلخل تحت بار متحرک
احمدرضا خورشیدوند علی خیری -
Open Access Article
206 - تجزیه و تحلیل ارتعاشات آزاد صفحات مستطیلی دارای درجه بندی ضخیم با استفاده از نظریه صفحه متغیر تقویت شده
رضا علی بخشی احمد خاواجی -
Open Access Article
207 - تحلیل استاتیکی، دینامیکی و ارتعاش آزاد ورق متخلخل مدرج تابعی با استفاده از تئوری تغییر شکل برشی مرتبه اول ورق
کامران عاصمی سعید خبری مسعود باباییدر این پژوهش، پاسخ استاتیکیT دینامیکی و ارتعاش آزاد ورق متخلخل اشباع مدرج تابعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. دو نوع توزیع شامل توزیع غیرخطی نامتقارن تخلخل و توزیع غیرخطی متقارن تخلخل در راستای ضخامت ورق در نظر گرفتهشده است. برای تحلیل، از تئوری تغییر شکل برشی مرتبه اول و Moreدر این پژوهش، پاسخ استاتیکیT دینامیکی و ارتعاش آزاد ورق متخلخل اشباع مدرج تابعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. دو نوع توزیع شامل توزیع غیرخطی نامتقارن تخلخل و توزیع غیرخطی متقارن تخلخل در راستای ضخامت ورق در نظر گرفتهشده است. برای تحلیل، از تئوری تغییر شکل برشی مرتبه اول ورق استفاده شده است. برای بیان معادلات حرکت از معادله لاگرانژ و برای حل روابط حاکم بر مسئله در حوزه زمان و مکان از روش عددی اجزا محدود و روش انتگرالگیری مستقیم نیومارک استفاده شده و سپس تأثیر پارامترهای مختلف از جمله، ضریب تخلخل و ضریب اسکمپتون و دو نوع توزیع مختلف تخلخل، نسبت طول به ضخامت و شرایط مرزی مختلف بر توزیع خیز استاتیکی و گذرا و همچنین فرکانسهای طبیعی ورق متخلخل اشباع مدرج تابعی مورد بررسی قرارگرفته است. نتایج نشان میدهند که افزایش ضریب اسکمپتون همواره سبب کاهش خواهد شد، درحالیکه افزایش ضریب تخلخل باعث افزایش جابهجایی خواهد شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - مروری جامع برگسیختگی خزشی مخازن تحت فشار جدار ضخیم FGM
مصطفی امیدی بیدگلیامروزہ کاربرد مواد مدرج تابعی در صنایع مختلف مورد توجه زیادی قرار گرفته است یکی از زمینه های کاربری مواد FGM در ساخت مخازن جدار ضخیم است. مخازن جدار ضخیم به دلیل قرارگرفتن تحت فشارها و دمای بالا نیاز دارند تا از مواد با استحکام بالاتری مانند مواد FGM ساخته شوند و برای ا Moreامروزہ کاربرد مواد مدرج تابعی در صنایع مختلف مورد توجه زیادی قرار گرفته است یکی از زمینه های کاربری مواد FGM در ساخت مخازن جدار ضخیم است. مخازن جدار ضخیم به دلیل قرارگرفتن تحت فشارها و دمای بالا نیاز دارند تا از مواد با استحکام بالاتری مانند مواد FGM ساخته شوند و برای افزایش تحمل بار مقاوم سازی شوند که یکی از بهترین روش های مقاوم سازی استفاده از فرآیند اتوفرتاژ است، در این فرآیند قسمتی از مخزن تحت بارگذاری خاصی وارد محدوده پلاستیک می شود و باعث ایجادتنش پسماند پس از اعمال فرآیند در مخزن می شود. از طرفی پدیده خزش در نهایت به گسیختگی خزشی میانجامد که یا با یک مکانیزم نرم ایجاد می شود که به دو فرم کرنشهای بزرگ و یا با ترد شدن مواد اتفاق می افتد. هدف از بررسی گسیختگی خزشی مخازن، مطالعهی شکست خزشی آنها در طول عمر کارکردی مورد انتظارشان میباشددراین مقاله ضمن بیان مفاهیم مرتبط مروری جامع بر تحقیقات صورت گرفته در این زمینه ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Bioleaching operations of the Low-grade chalcopyrite ore in the chloride conditions using adapted Indigenous microorganisms
Ali Behrad Vakylabad Peyman Moha,mmadzadeh Jahani Zahra ManafiBackground & Objectives: Dissolution of chalcopyrite is one of the most important challenges of hydrometallurgy because it is difficult to leach due to its inactivation by passive precipitates like jarosites. The combination of the benefits of microbial leaching (na MoreBackground & Objectives: Dissolution of chalcopyrite is one of the most important challenges of hydrometallurgy because it is difficult to leach due to its inactivation by passive precipitates like jarosites. The combination of the benefits of microbial leaching (native mesophiles, moderate thermophiles, and extreme thermophiles), and chloride leaching was the main purpose to enhance the copper recovery, especially from the low-grade chalcopyrite sources. Materials & Methods: The native microorganisms were isolated from Sarcheshmeh mine, and adapted (4 months with chloride media). Then, the bioleaching operation was systematically performed using the columns containing low chalcopyrite ore (less than 0.3% Cu) to investigate the effect of the chlorine on the bioleaching process. Different analyzes of the leaching and feed residues were used to closely examine the process and mechanisms involved (A 23% increase in recovery (81% with chlorine and 58% with no chlorine)). Results: Based on the analyses of the bio-leaching residues, overcoming the problems caused by the unwanted precipitates like jarosite during chlorinated bioprocess (2 g / l chloride) was one of the main reasons for these results which were identified using SEM, EDS analysis. And, the elemental mapping of the solid residues from microbial leaching operations proved this possible reason. Conclusion: Controlling the undesirable precipitates in the process was the most important lever to improve copper recovery (more than 81% of copper over 120 days). This was achieved by regulating the growth process and activity of microorganisms from mesophiles to extreme thermophiles with sodium chloride salt additive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Explanation of Epistemology of Form (Idea) of Good through Method of Dialectic
seyed mohammad naghib Mohammad AkvanAbstract: This paper aims to explain the Plato’s viewpoint concerning the quality of knowledge of Forms (Ideas) of Good through the process of dialectic. In order to achieve this goal, author has analyzed the Plato’s works and his commentators regarding the MoreAbstract: This paper aims to explain the Plato’s viewpoint concerning the quality of knowledge of Forms (Ideas) of Good through the process of dialectic. In order to achieve this goal, author has analyzed the Plato’s works and his commentators regarding the quality of relation between dialectic and Forms (Ideas) of Good and the role of dialectic in the process of human’s epistemology to Forms (Ideas) of Good. The achievement of the paper represents that based on Plato’s idea the knowledge of human enjoys some stages and with every stage one recognizes the step of equal of being. Forms (Ideas) of Good is the origin of being and knowledge and it is in the highest stage of being and knowledge. The philosophy of Plato is to seek the soul of truth by the highest level of human’s knowledge, that is intellect. Intellect is the divine glance of the world of truth and human knows the world of ideas and Forms (Ideas) of Good. Dialectic is Plato’s philosophical method in order to perceive these worlds which possesses two intellectual-conceptual and intellectual-intuitive dimensions. Based on Plato’s philosophy, the author tries to explain the process of knowledge of Forms (Ideas) of Good so that it enjoys both an inner solidarity and a logical development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Effects of Sowing Season and Method on Seedling Emergence and Survivor Rate of Vicia variabilis in Kermanshah Province, Iran
Mohammad Gheitury Mosayeb Heshmati Mohammad Fayaz Yahya Parvizi Hoshmand Safari -
Open Access Article
212 - Survey the relationship between parents' participation with academic achievement of fifth-grade students in Gorgan city
sadraddin sattari mahdi mirakizadehThis research was conducted to investigate the relationship between parents' participation with academic achievement of fifth grade elementary students in Gorgan city using descriptive correlation research method. The statistical population of the study consisted of par MoreThis research was conducted to investigate the relationship between parents' participation with academic achievement of fifth grade elementary students in Gorgan city using descriptive correlation research method. The statistical population of the study consisted of parents of male students studying in the fifth elementary school of Gorgan, which was 2950 according to the statistics of the education department of Gorgan. From this statistical population, 320 people were selected by using the krejcie and Morgan sampling table and by cluster random sampling method. The data required for parents' participation variable was collected using Margaret standard questionnaire. The student's average was also considered as an indicator of academic achievement. The formal & content validity of the parents' participation questionnaire was approved by the experts, and the reliability of questionnaire by using Cronbach's alpha was obtained 0/93. The collective Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics (single group T test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis). The results show that the significant & positive relationship between parents' participation with students academic achievement. Also, Parents' Supervision and educational' relation can predict students' academic achievement, but the Parents' Expectations component cannot predict academic achievement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Concepts and categories of a competent leader model in rural and nomadic multi-grade schools of the Ministry of Education of Iran
noormohammad soltani mohammadreza rabieemondajin mohammad hakak mina Jamshidi AvankiThe present study was conducted to design a suitable model for the competencies of educational leaders of rural and nomadic primary schools of the Ministry of Education of Iran. This research is based on the purpose of developmental and applied research and in terms of MoreThe present study was conducted to design a suitable model for the competencies of educational leaders of rural and nomadic primary schools of the Ministry of Education of Iran. This research is based on the purpose of developmental and applied research and in terms of nature and methodology is one of the combined research that has been done in two stages: qualitative and quantitative. In the first stage, qualitative research based on data theory and using a purposeful approach and applying saturation criteria, in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 participants for a total of 1044 minutes and the data theory theory method was used to analyze the interviews. Is. A total of 684 open source or primary code was extracted. From a total of open source, 112 basic concepts were extracted. In the next stage, the basic concepts were classified into 22 coherent categories according to the aspects of similarity and semantic difference. In the second stage, quantitative research by preparing a researcher-made questionnaire includes 112 specialized questions with a five-point Likert scale. These questions are classified into 22 sub-structures and 6 main structures. With high validity and reliability. Cronbach's alpha of all variables was greater than 0.7. The final questionnaire with a sample of 311 people was distributed among the educational leaders of rural and nomadic schools. Raw data obtained from the statistical population have been analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques of SPSS and Smart PLS software and the conceptual model of the research has been finalized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Equivariant homologies for operator algebras; a survey
A. Shirinkalam -
Open Access Article
215 - Some results on graded $S$-strongly prime submodules
F. FarzalipourLet $G$ be a group with identity $e$ and $R$ be a commutative $G$-graded ring with nonzero identity, $S\subseteq h(R)$ a multiplicatively closed subset of $R$ and $M$ be a graded $R$-module. A graded submodule $N$ of $M$ with $(N:_{R}M)\cap S=\emptyset$ is said to MoreLet $G$ be a group with identity $e$ and $R$ be a commutative $G$-graded ring with nonzero identity, $S\subseteq h(R)$ a multiplicatively closed subset of $R$ and $M$ be a graded $R$-module. A graded submodule $N$ of $M$ with $(N:_{R}M)\cap S=\emptyset$ is said to be graded $S$-strongly prime if there exists $s\in S$ such that whenever $((N+Rx_{g}):_{R}M)y_{h}\subseteq N$, then $sx_{g}\in N$ or $sy_{h}\in N$ for all $x_{g},y_{h}\in h(M)$. The aim of this paper is to introduce and investigate some basic properties of the notion of graded $S$-strongly prime submodules, especially in graded multiplication modules. Moreover, we investigate the behaviour of this structure under graded module homomorphisms, localizations of graded modules, quotient graded modules, Cartesian product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - The method of fundamental solutions for transient heat conduction in functionally graded materials: some special cases
M. Nili Ahmadabadi M. Arab F. M. Maalek Ghaini -
Open Access Article
217 - Content Analysis of Persian Reading and Writing Books in Grade Two of Elementary School Regarding their Attention to Components of Critical Thinking
Hossein Aflakifard Amin AmiriTextbooks are one of the most important learning factors. The purpose of the current research was to analyze the content of Persian reading and writing books of the second grade elementary school in terms of paying attention to the components of critical thinking skills MoreTextbooks are one of the most important learning factors. The purpose of the current research was to analyze the content of Persian reading and writing books of the second grade elementary school in terms of paying attention to the components of critical thinking skills. To achieve this goal, first the components; Inference, inference, evaluation of evidence and reasons, recognition of presuppositions, and interpretation were determined as components of critical thinking based on reviews of related articles, studies and Lipman's critical thinking model. For each component, some examples were also identified. The method was analytical-descriptive and content analysis. The statistical population is the Persian reading and writing books of the second grade of elementary school. the sample size of which was considered equal to the statistical population. Data collection tools were developed by the researcher in the document delivery stage, the form of receipt and in the content analysis stage, the content delivery verification form. The unit of analysis of this study is the page (text, exercises and images). Descriptive statistics indexes were used to analyze the data. Content analysis of Persian reading and writing books showed that among the components of critical thinking skills; The component of inference, interpretation, and interpretation had the highest frequency compared to other components in the reading and writing books of the second grade elementary school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Characterization of functionally graded hydroxyapatite/TiO2 multilayer coating on Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy by electrophoretic deposition
محمد جعفر هادیان علیرضا عراقی طاهره طلایی مهسا ثانیSingle layer and functionally graded coatings of hydroxyapatite and TiO2 particles were deposited on Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy substrate by electrophoretic deposition technique (EPD). The coatings chemical composition and morphology were investigated using energy dispers MoreSingle layer and functionally graded coatings of hydroxyapatite and TiO2 particles were deposited on Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy substrate by electrophoretic deposition technique (EPD). The coatings chemical composition and morphology were investigated using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The results showed in HA/TiO2 functionally graded coating, the composition varied from inner layer to top layer as 100 %wt TiO2 to 100 %wt HA. To investigation biocompatibility of the coatings, the culture Wharton’s Mesenchymal Stem Cells was used. The results showed the HA/TiO2 functionally graded coating and HA single layer coating were more biocompatible in comparison to TiO2 single layer coating. The adhesion strengths of the coatings were measured by shear testing and the results showed that the HA/TiO2 functionally graded coating has more adhesion strength (~31 MPa) compare to HA single layer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Wear characterization of different hydroxyapatite based coatings on Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy by electrophoretic deposition
علیرضا عراقی محمد جعفر هادیانفردIn the present study, hydroxyapatite (HA) Single layer TiO2 single layer, HA-TiO2 double layer and functionally graded HA/TiO2 coatings were deposited on Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy substrate by electrophoretic deposition technique (EPD). Impact resistance of coatings were MoreIn the present study, hydroxyapatite (HA) Single layer TiO2 single layer, HA-TiO2 double layer and functionally graded HA/TiO2 coatings were deposited on Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy substrate by electrophoretic deposition technique (EPD). Impact resistance of coatings were measured by ball drop impact test and the results showed that the HA/TiO2 functionally graded coating has more impact resistance compare to HA single layer and HA-TiO2 double layer coatings. The wear resistance of coatings were investigated by pin on disc method. The normal load and sliding distance were 0.5 N and 50 m respectively and the worn surface was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and analyzed by ImageJ software. The results showed that the HA/TiO2 functionally graded coating has more wear resistance compare to HA single layer. Additionally, investigation of worn surface of coatings showed that all of the coatings have abrasive mechanism but wear mechanism for functionally graded coating, changed and delamination was added to abrasive mechanism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Vibration Analysis of FG Micro-Beam Based on the Third Order Shear Deformation and Modified Couple Stress Theories
Mehdi Alimoradzadeh Mehdi Salehi Sattar Mohammadi Esfarjani -
Open Access Article
221 - تحلیل کمانش نامتقارن ورق دایروی هدفمند با خواص وابسته به دما واقع بر بستر الاستیک
علیرضا نداف اسکویی هادی محمدی هویه وحید علایی خداداد واحدی در این مقاله، کمانش نامتقارن ورق دایروی ساخته شده از مواد هدفمند، با خواص وابسته به دما که تحت تاثیر فشار شعاعی و دمای یکنواخت قرار دارد ، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. این ورق بر روی محیط الاستیک تعبیه شده است که این محیط توسط دو مدل وینکلر و پاسترناک شبیه سازی شد More در این مقاله، کمانش نامتقارن ورق دایروی ساخته شده از مواد هدفمند، با خواص وابسته به دما که تحت تاثیر فشار شعاعی و دمای یکنواخت قرار دارد ، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. این ورق بر روی محیط الاستیک تعبیه شده است که این محیط توسط دو مدل وینکلر و پاسترناک شبیه سازی شده اند. کلیهی خواص مکانیکی ماده، بصورت غیرخطی با دما تغییر مینمایند. معادله تعادل سیستم با استفاده از نظریهی کلاسیک ، فرضیهی غیرخطی فون-کارمن و اصل تغییرمکان مجازی دست آمده است. وجود شاخههای کمانش تخمین زده شده است و معادلات پایداری توسط معیار تعادل در مجاورت به دست آمده است. در ادامه معادلات پایداری توسط پارامترهای بدون بعد بی بعدسازی شده و توسط یک روش تحلیلی حل گردیده اند. تأثیر پارامترهایی از جمله ضرایب بستر الاستیک بر بار بحرانی کمانش ورق دایروی هدفمند، نسبت ضخامت ورق به شعاع خارجی و شاخص تابع توانی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش حاضر با نتایج سایر مراجع مورد راستی آزمایی قرار گرفته و مطابقت بین آنها رضایتبخش است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان میدهند که افزایش دما باعث کاهش مدول یانگ و سفتی ماده هدفمند و در نتیجه کاهش بار بحرانی کمانش میشود. همچنین مشاهده میشود که افزایش ضرایب بستر الاستیک وینکلر و پسترناک باعث افزایش بار بحرانی کمانش میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - تحلیل ارتعاشات آزاد ورق ساندویچی دایره ای با رویه های هدفمند تحت شرایط تکیه گاهی گیردار
یونس محمدی کیوان حسینی صفری محسن رحمانیدر این پژوهش ارتعاشات آزاد ورق ساندویچی مدور گیردار با رویههایی از مواد با تابع هدفمند وابسته به دما در محیطهای حرارتی مختلف بررسی شده است. خواص مواد در رویههای هدفمند به صورت تابعی از دما در نظر گرفته شده و به طور پیوسته در امتداد ضخامت، با توزیع توانی بر حسب کسر حج Moreدر این پژوهش ارتعاشات آزاد ورق ساندویچی مدور گیردار با رویههایی از مواد با تابع هدفمند وابسته به دما در محیطهای حرارتی مختلف بررسی شده است. خواص مواد در رویههای هدفمند به صورت تابعی از دما در نظر گرفته شده و به طور پیوسته در امتداد ضخامت، با توزیع توانی بر حسب کسر حجمی اجزای تشکیل دهنده، تغییر میکنند. همچنین خواص ماده در هسته نیز وابسته به دما در نظر گرفته شده است. معادلات حاکم بر حرکت در ارتعاشات آزاد در دستگاه مختصات قطبی با استفاده از اصل همیلتون به دست آمده و از روش گلرکین برای حل معادلات و به دست آوردن فرکانس طبیعی استفاده شده است. تنشهای صفحهای هسته که معمولا در مشخصه ارتعاشی سازههای ساندویچی نادیده گرفته میشوند در اینجا در نظر گرفته شده است. نتایج به دست آمده از حل گلرکین برای ورق ساندویچی دایرهای متقارن با تکیهگاه گیردار با نتایج المان محدود که توسط نرم افزار ABAQUS به دست آمده است، مقایسه شده که نتایج قابل قبولی را ارائه میدهد. نتایج نشان میدهد که تغییرات دما و تغییرات توان تابع توانی اثر مهمی بر تغییرات فرکانس دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Thermo-elastic Analysis of Functionally Graded Thick- Walled Cylinder with Novel Temperature – Dependent Material Properties using Perturbation Technique
Alireza Nadafoskoue hadi mohammadi hooyeh -
Open Access Article
224 - روش بهبود یافته المان محدود شبکه ثابت برای حل مسائل ارتجاعی سه بعدی مواد دارای خواص تابعی
محمد جواد کاظم زاده پارسی فرهنگ دانشمنددر این مقاله با استفاده از یک شبکه غیرمنطبق بر مرز، کاربرد روش بهبود یافته المان محدود شبکه ثابت در حل مسائل ارتجاعی خطی سه بعدی مواد دارای خواص تابعی بررسی شده است. در شبکههای غیر منطبق بر مرز، وجوه المانها بر مرز مسئله منطبق نبوده و گرههای مرزی که در روش المان محد Moreدر این مقاله با استفاده از یک شبکه غیرمنطبق بر مرز، کاربرد روش بهبود یافته المان محدود شبکه ثابت در حل مسائل ارتجاعی خطی سه بعدی مواد دارای خواص تابعی بررسی شده است. در شبکههای غیر منطبق بر مرز، وجوه المانها بر مرز مسئله منطبق نبوده و گرههای مرزی که در روش المان محدود استاندارد برای اعمال شرایط مرزی از آنها استفاده میشود، وجود ندارد. از این رو محاسبه ماتریس سختی المانهای متقاطع با مرز و اعمال شرایط مرزی باید با دقت کافی انجام شود. در روش پیشنهادی، ماتریس سختی المانهای متقاطع با مرز از طریق در نظر گرفتن انرژی کرنشی قسمت داخلی آنها و انتگرالگیری عددی روی این قسمتها حاصل شده و شرایط مرزی اساسی مسئله توسط روش تابع جریمه اعمال شده است. برای بررسی کارایی روش پیشنهادی، چند مثال عددی حل شده و نتایج با نتایج حاصل از روش المان محدود استاندارد مورد مقایسه قرار گرفته است. نتایج نشان میدهد که هر دو روش از تطابق خوبی برخوردار هستند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - کاربرد روش تبدیل دیفرانسیل در بررسی تأثیر بستر ارتجاعی برجابجایی خارج از صفحه ورق مدور تابعی
سمیه عباسی فاطمه فرهت نیا سعید رسولی جزیروش تبدیل دیفرانسیلی یک تکنیک حل نیمه تحلیلی- عددی است که با استفاده از آن، معادلات دیفرانسیل حاکم بر ورق به روابط بازگشتی تبدیل شده و شرایط مرزی به معادلات جبری تبدیل می­شوند. در این مطالعه ورق بر روی بستر ارتجاعی از نوع وینکلر قرار گرفته است. ورق از جنس مواد تابعی Moreروش تبدیل دیفرانسیلی یک تکنیک حل نیمه تحلیلی- عددی است که با استفاده از آن، معادلات دیفرانسیل حاکم بر ورق به روابط بازگشتی تبدیل شده و شرایط مرزی به معادلات جبری تبدیل می­شوند. در این مطالعه ورق بر روی بستر ارتجاعی از نوع وینکلر قرار گرفته است. ورق از جنس مواد تابعی است؛ به طوری که خواص آن در راستای ضخامت بر اساس مدل توانی تغییر می­کند. نتایج تحلیل جا­به­جایی خارج از صفحه ورق تابعی بر روی بستر ارتجاعی تحت بارگذاری گسترده یکنواخت، به ازای مقادیر مختلفی از سفتی بستر ارتجاعی، توان ماده تابعی و شرایط مرزی به دست آمده است. به منظور نشان دادن دقت روش تبدیل دیفرانسیلی و تأیید نتایج حاصل از آن، پاسخ ها با نتایج روش اجزا محدود مقایسه شده که تطابق خوبی مشاهده شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - مدلسازی استاتیکی غیرخطی ورق هدفمند تابعی نسبتاً ضخیم با استفاده از روش آزادسازی دینامیکی
محمدجواد محمودی وحید محلوجیدر این مقاله تحلیل استاتیکی غیرخطی ورق نسبتاً ضخیم ساخته شده از مواد هدفمند تابعی با استفاده از روش آزادسازی دینامیکی صورت گرفته است. این امر به کمک تئوری مرتبه اول برشی میندلین به منظور ضخیم در نظر گرفتن ورق انجام شده است. جهت تحلیل رفتار غیرخطی هندسی معادلات گسسته شده Moreدر این مقاله تحلیل استاتیکی غیرخطی ورق نسبتاً ضخیم ساخته شده از مواد هدفمند تابعی با استفاده از روش آزادسازی دینامیکی صورت گرفته است. این امر به کمک تئوری مرتبه اول برشی میندلین به منظور ضخیم در نظر گرفتن ورق انجام شده است. جهت تحلیل رفتار غیرخطی هندسی معادلات گسسته شده استخراج شده است. شرایط بارگذاری و شرایط مرزی ورق به­ترتیب به­صورت بارگستره عرضی یکنواخت و تکیه­گاه ساده در چهار لبه ورق ضخیم در نظرگرفته شده است. جهت عمومیت بخشیدن به نتایج به­دست­آمده، این معادلات به صورت بدون بعد با اعمال روش آزادسازی دینامیکی بر مبنای تفاضلات محدود مرکزی حل شده­اند. اثر پارامترهای مسأله نظیر ثابت توانی ماده هدفمند تابعی و نسبت ضلع به ضخامت ورق بر نتایج تحلیل مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. با توجه به نتایج به­دست آمده، لزوم درنظر گرفتن رفتار غیرخطی هندسی و استفاده از تئوری­ ای که اثرات ضخامت ورق روی پاسخ خمش ورق را درنظر بگیرد و همچنین در نهایت لزوم استفاده از روش حل آزادسازی دینامیکی با وجود جملات غیرخطی ناشی از تغییرشکل زیاد ورق ضخیمهدفمند تابعی بحث شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - تحلیل ارتعاشی دیسک ازجنس مواد مدرج تابعی
محبوبه روائی حسن نحویدیسکهای سوراخدار در بخشهای مختلف صنعت کاربردهای فروان دارند. با ساخت این دیسکها از جنس مواد مدرج تابعی، قابلیت های بیشتری از آنها میتوان بهدست آورد. تحلیل ارتعاشی این نوع دیسک میتواند در ساخت هرچه کارآمدتر آن به ما کمک کند. در این مقاله، مدلسازی و بر Moreدیسکهای سوراخدار در بخشهای مختلف صنعت کاربردهای فروان دارند. با ساخت این دیسکها از جنس مواد مدرج تابعی، قابلیت های بیشتری از آنها میتوان بهدست آورد. تحلیل ارتعاشی این نوع دیسک میتواند در ساخت هرچه کارآمدتر آن به ما کمک کند. در این مقاله، مدلسازی و بررسی ارتعاشات آزاد دیسک از جنس مواد مدرج تابعی در راستای ضخامت، با نرمافزار آباکوس انجام شدهاست. از آنجا که در نرمافزار آباکوس در زمینه طراحی و تحلیل مواد مدرج تابعی المان خاصی تعریف نشده است، مدل سازی این مواد در این نرم افزار انجام شدهاست. به منظور صحتسنجی، نتایج تحلیل آباکوس با نتایج موجود در مقالات مقایسه شده است. نتایج بهدست آمده نشان میدهد که با تعریف لایههای بیشتر در راستای تغییرات خواص، نتایج بهدستآمده به جوابهای دقیق نزدیکتر میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - برهمکنش سیال سازه در تحلیل ارتعاشات آزاد مخازن استوانه ای عمودی با کف انعطافپذیر از جنس مواد مدرج تابعی
علی اکبر شفیعی مجتبی محزون احسان عسکریدر این مقاله یک روش نیمه­تحلیلی برای بررسی مسئله ارتعاش آزاد یک مخزن با جداره استوانه­ای صلب و کف انعطاف­پذیر از جنس مواد مدرج تابعی حاوی سیال ارائه شده است. خصوصیات مواد، مطابق یک تابع توانی، سیگموئید یا نمایی بر حسب کسر حجمی مواد تشکیل دهنده، در راستای ضخا Moreدر این مقاله یک روش نیمه­تحلیلی برای بررسی مسئله ارتعاش آزاد یک مخزن با جداره استوانه­ای صلب و کف انعطاف­پذیر از جنس مواد مدرج تابعی حاوی سیال ارائه شده است. خصوصیات مواد، مطابق یک تابع توانی، سیگموئید یا نمایی بر حسب کسر حجمی مواد تشکیل دهنده، در راستای ضخامت ورق توزیع شده است. سیال بهصورت غیر­لزج و تراکم­ناپذیر فرض شده و پتانسیل سرعت سیال به­صورت بسط توابع ویژه فرمولبندی شده است. در این مطالعه برهمکنش بین سیال و سازه لحاظ شده و مشخصات دینامیکی سیستم در تماس با سیال با استفاده از روش ریلی- ریتز استخراج شده است. به منظور بررسی اعتبار و دقت روش تئوری نتایج بهدست آمده، با نتایج آزمایشگاهی و عددی موجود در مقالات قبلی انجام شده در این زمینه مقایسه شده است. همچنین به منظور اعتبارسنجی روش حاضر از یک تحلیل المان محدود نیز استفاده شده است. در نهایت اثر متغیرهای متفاوتی از جمله تعداد قطرها و دوایر گرهی (شماره مودها)، کسر حجمی مواد مدرج تابعی و ارتفاع سیال روی رفتار دینامیکی سیستم در تماس با سیال بهدست آمده است Manuscript profile -
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229 - تحلیل کمانش ورقهای مستطیلی مواد مدرج تابعی تحت شرایط مرزی اختیاری
متین لطیفی فاطمه فرهت نیا محمود کدخدائیدر این مقاله کمانش ورقهای مستطیلی از مواد مدرج تابعی، در شرایط مرزی اختیاری و تحت بارگذاری فشاری دو محوری مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. تحلیل حاضر بر پایه تئوری کلاسیک ورقها با تغییرشکلهای بزرگ استوار است. ورق از جنس مواد مدرج تابعی با مدل توانی در راس Moreدر این مقاله کمانش ورقهای مستطیلی از مواد مدرج تابعی، در شرایط مرزی اختیاری و تحت بارگذاری فشاری دو محوری مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. تحلیل حاضر بر پایه تئوری کلاسیک ورقها با تغییرشکلهای بزرگ استوار است. ورق از جنس مواد مدرج تابعی با مدل توانی در راستای ضخامت است که از تغییرات ضریب پواسون صرف نظر شده است. ابتدا معادلات تعادل در کمانش ورق براساس تئوری سطح خنثی فیزیکی بهدست آمدهاند و سپس حل دقیق این معادلات به کمک روش تبدیل استوکس انجام شده است. روش تبدیل استوکس یک روش کارامد در مواجه با شرایط مرزی حاکم بر لبههای ورق است که توابع جابهجایی ورق در حال کمانش با توجه به شکل مدهای حادث از این رویداد، به صورت توابع مثلثاتی تعریف میشوند. در مقاله حاضر، تابع جابهجایی در راستای ضخامت با استفاده از سری فوریه سینوسی حدس زده شدهاند. با حل معادلات کمانش و اعمال شرایط مرزی درحالتی که لبههای ورق تحت مجموعهای از فنرهای پیچشی و کششی قرار گرفته اند، بار بحرانی درشرایط مرزی مختلف محاسبه میشوند. همچنین تغییرات بار بحرانی براساس نسبت ابعادی ورق، تغییرات توان مدل FGM و نسبت بارگذاری در دو راستای ورق مورد بررسی قرارگرفته است. این نتایج با نتایج حاصل از المان محدود و نتایج سایر محققین، صحت سنجی شده است که هماهنگی خوبی بین آنها مشاهده میشود. Manuscript profile -
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230 - بررسی ارتعاش تیر ضخیم تابعی مدرج تحت نیروی محوری براساس تئوری دو بعدی الاستیسیته و روش مربعات تفاضلی تعمیم یافته
حسین فراهانی فرزان براتی محمد نجاتی حمید باتمانیدر این مقاله ارتعاش تیر یکسرگیردار از جنس تابعی مدرج، تحت تاثیر بار محوری ثابت مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. تیر دارای سطح مقطع یکنواخت است و خواص تیر در راستای ضخامت تیر به صورت تابعی و پیوسته تغییر می­کند. معادلات پایداری و معادلات حرکت از اصل همیلتون و بر اساس تئور Moreدر این مقاله ارتعاش تیر یکسرگیردار از جنس تابعی مدرج، تحت تاثیر بار محوری ثابت مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. تیر دارای سطح مقطع یکنواخت است و خواص تیر در راستای ضخامت تیر به صورت تابعی و پیوسته تغییر می­کند. معادلات پایداری و معادلات حرکت از اصل همیلتون و بر اساس تئوری دو بعدی الاستیسیته، بر حسب مولفه­های جابجایی به دست آمده اند. حل معادلات دیفرانسیل کوپل پایداری و حرکت با استفاده از روش مربعات تفاضلی تعمیم یافته صورت گرفته است. در این مقاله تاثیر پارامترهای مختلف مانند نسبت ضخامت به طول، بار محوری اعمال شده و همچنین توان کسر حجمی مختلف، بر روی بسامد­های طبیعی تیر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین برای بررسی همخوانی معادلات و همچنین روش حل به کار گرفته شده، مقایسه­ای بین کار حاضر با مقالات معتبر و همچنین نرم افزار تحلیلی ABAQUS انجام شد. نتایج نشان می­دهد روش عددی مربعات تفاضلی تعمیم یافته به کار گرفته شده در این مقاله دارای دقت خوبی می باشد. براساس نتایج، با افزایش توان کسر حجمی الیاف در تیر تابعی مدرج تحت بار محوری بسامد طبیعی تیر افزایش پیدا کرده و به ازای توان کسر حجمی بالا تغییرات زیادی در بسامد طبیعی مشاهده نمی­شود. همچنین با افزایش نسبت ضخامت به طول در محدوده بررسی شده تیر هدفمند، بسماد طبیعی بی بعد تیر بدون بار بحرانی، کاهش پیدا می­کند. اعمال بار محوری تا محدوده ی بار بحرانی، بسامد های طبیعی تیر تابعی مدرج را تحت تاثیر قرار داده و باعث کاهش آن می گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - پایداری دینامیکی نانو تیر مدرج تابعی بر اساس تئوری تیموشنکو
شهاب صفاری محمد هاشمیاناین مقاله به بررسی رفتار پایداری دینامیکی نانوتیر ساخته شده از مواد مدرج تابعی تحت بار دینامیکی وگرادیان حرارتی می­پردازد. نانوتیر در محیط پاسترناک بوده و برای مدل­سازی آن از تئوری تیر تیموشنکو استفاده شده است. خواص مواد از قبیل مدول یانگ، نسبت پواسون، چگالی، تن Moreاین مقاله به بررسی رفتار پایداری دینامیکی نانوتیر ساخته شده از مواد مدرج تابعی تحت بار دینامیکی وگرادیان حرارتی می­پردازد. نانوتیر در محیط پاسترناک بوده و برای مدل­سازی آن از تئوری تیر تیموشنکو استفاده شده است. خواص مواد از قبیل مدول یانگ، نسبت پواسون، چگالی، تنش پسماندسطح، مدول برشی ومدول سطح به صورت تابع توانی در نظر گرفته شده­اند. همچنین در این روش اثرات سطح بر روی حجم نیز در نظر گرفته شده است. بااستفاده از اصل همیلتون وتئوری ارینگن معادلات حرکت برای نانوتیر باتکیه­گاه ساده استخراج شده است. سپس باربحرانی وفرکانس طبیعی تعیین گردیده ودر نهایت نواحی ناپایداری دینامیکی رسم شده­ است. نتایج نشان می دهد که با افزایش پارامترهای اثر مقیاس کوچک، تنش پسماند سطح، نسبت طول به ضخامت و باراستاتیکی، ناحیه ناپایداری دینامیکی به سمت فرکانس تحریک کمتر باعرض کمتر حرکت می­نماید. در حالی که با افزایش ثابت محیط، فرکانس تحریک افزایش می­یابد. همچنین تغییرات ناحیه ناپایداری دینامیکی در دوحالت دما بالا ودما پایین موردبررسی قرار گرفته است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - The Relationship Between Hidden Curriculum in Social Responsibility and Social Identity of Elementary Students of District 4 of Qom
reyhane kabiriCurriculum, hidden curriculum, social responsibility, social identity, second grade studentsCurriculum, hidden curriculum, social responsibility, social identity, second grade students Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - The Relationship between the Managerial Styles and the Teaching Methods of the Teachers with Academic Performance of the Students in Seventh Grade (Case study: Non-governmental high schools for boys, District 1 of Tehran Education)
Mahdi Bani Jamali Fatemeh Hamidifar Baharak Shirzad KobriaThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the managerial styles and the teaching methods of the teachers with the academic performance of the seventh- grade students in non-governmental high schools for boys in District 1 of Tehran Education. The MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the managerial styles and the teaching methods of the teachers with the academic performance of the seventh- grade students in non-governmental high schools for boys in District 1 of Tehran Education. The present study is an applied-descriptive research that has been conducted by survey method. The statistical population of this study includes1045 seventh-grade students in non-profit high schools, junior high school, district 1 of Tehran Education, of which 291 people were selected as a statistical sample by cluster sampling method. The research instruments are three standard questionnaires of Likert management styles, Gerasha and Richman teaching methods and Pham and Taylor academic performance. As the questionnaires are standard and their reliability has been confirmed in several researches, the questionnaires’ validity is also estimated by Alpha Korenbakh; the validity of management styles (0.920), teaching methods (0.791), and academic performance (0.963). For analyzing information, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression tests are used by SPSS software. The results showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between classroom management styles and students’ academic performance, and there is also a positive and significant relationship between classroom teaching methods and students' academic performance. Examining the simultaneous impact of the two variables, academic performance and teaching methods on students’ performance, showd that 15.2% of the total changes in academic performance is explained by these two independent variables. The highly variable management styles of teaching methods have an effect on academic performance of the students of the statistical population. Manuscript profile -
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234 - The Predictive Validity of Islamic Azad University’s Entrance Examination: Does Access
Mojtaba MohammadiAbstractThe main purpose of the present research was to study the predictive value of theIslamic Azad University’s Entrance Examination (IAUEE) in Iran administered tothose applied for English Language courses. It, furthermore, attempted to investigateprobable cor MoreAbstractThe main purpose of the present research was to study the predictive value of theIslamic Azad University’s Entrance Examination (IAUEE) in Iran administered tothose applied for English Language courses. It, furthermore, attempted to investigateprobable correlation between English Language students’ academic achievementregarding their Grade point Average (GPA) and their entrance admission test resultsand their sex, field of study, or age. To conduct the research, seniorundergraduate students who were admitted to study in all English language fields inIslamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch were randomly selected. Data werecollected regarding their performances in Entrance Examination and their GPAduring the first three years of their study. Data analysis indicated that students’ totalscore in IAUEE had a better predictive value than the English subtest score. Out ofthree English majors under study, admission exam for ELT students had a muchmore recognized predictive value than for students in other courses. Moreover, whileboys’ English proficiency subtest was a better predictor of their academicachievement, girls’ total score proved so Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - The effect of the first elementary science education guide based on cognitive tools of imaginative education theory on the perception of classroom activities of first grade elementary students in Tehran
Zahra Sabet Jahromi Khadijeh Abolmaali Ali Hosseini Khah Mekrdad Sabet Kianoosh HashemianThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching elementary education based on the imaginative education theory on the perception of classroom activities of first grade elementary students in Tehran. The research method was quantitative and quasi-experime MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching elementary education based on the imaginative education theory on the perception of classroom activities of first grade elementary students in Tehran. The research method was quantitative and quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control group and random sampling and sampling based on inclusion criteria were used. Thus, a girls 'primary school and a boys' primary school were randomly selected from among the primary schools in District 11 of Tehran. Then, according to the inclusion criteria, 24 of these students were selected from each school and assigned to two groups of 12 controls and experiments. The instrument of this research was the Questionnaire of Perceptions of Class Activities of Gentry et al (2002). The experimental group underwent 4 sessions of science education sessions based on cognitive tools of imaginative education theory. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that teaching science based on cognitive tools of imaginative education theory improved the perception of classroom activities in all four components of interest, challenge, selectivity and pleasure. This study revealed the importance of using cognitive tools of imaginative education theory in education as an important way to improve students' perception of the classroom. So elementary school teachers can use this guide in the classroom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - The Development, Evaluation, and Refinement of the Planning to Achieve Goals scale: Applying Graded Response Model of Item-Response Theory in Test Construction
mohammad ahmadi deh qutbaddini valiyohhah farzadThis study aims to design, evaluate, and refine the scale of planning to achieve future goals based on indicators from the American School Counselors Association. For this purpose, a sample of second-grade students from Sirjan and Rafsanjan in three disciplines of human MoreThis study aims to design, evaluate, and refine the scale of planning to achieve future goals based on indicators from the American School Counselors Association. For this purpose, a sample of second-grade students from Sirjan and Rafsanjan in three disciplines of humanities, experimental science, and mathematics (n = 1030) was selected by multistage cluster sampling method and the desired scale was implemented on them. The initial scale consisted of 48 questions and 7 factors designed on a 5-point Likert scale continuum which was analyzed using the principal component analysis model and graded response model of item-response theory. The results showed that of the first 48 questions according to the item information function diagram, eight questions were omitted, the remaining questions had a slope parameter in the range of 1.091 to 2.899 and category thresholds between -0.056 to 1.379. To validate the long and short form factor scores, the correlation between the two test factor scores showed that the correlation between the two general scores and the component scores were all above 0.9 and nearly 96.8% of the respondents in both test forms correctly classified. Therefore, it can be concluded that IRT models are a useful tool for constructing, evaluating, and refining short measurement tools that are valid as long forms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - LIVING EXPERIENCE OF TEACHERS IN MULTI-CLASSES CLASSES ON OPTIMIZED TIME USE AND MANAGEMENT AS AN EFFECTIVE COMPONENT IN THE COURSE
zohreh sadaatmand hossin zare khormizi narges keshtiarayThe purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of teachers in multidisciplinary classrooms about the optimal use of time and its management as an effective component of the curriculum. This research is a qualitative study of phenomenology. Participants i MoreThe purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of teachers in multidisciplinary classrooms about the optimal use of time and its management as an effective component of the curriculum. This research is a qualitative study of phenomenology. Participants in this study were eight elementary school teachers from Yazd and Kerman provinces. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured individual interviews with teachers in their workplace. Data were analyzed using the seven-stage method of Colaizzi. After coding the interviews, 422 initial codes were obtained that were classified into 15 subcategories, 5 categories, and three concepts, with titles: 1- Explaining and identifying effective time-saving components 2- Explaining and identifying effective components Lack of time 3 - Explain and identify the effective components in time planning and management. The results of this study showed that teachers in multilevel classes can compensate for the shortage of time by different strategies depending on the student, their number, as well as the number of bases, the impact of bases on each other, ways and materials to save and manage. Use time. Applying these strategies in the above three areas can lead to optimal use of time and its management in the curriculum of the multipurpose classrooms and will achieve the goals of the curriculum and facilitate student learning and teacher teaching. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Examining the problem-posing process as an evaluation tool
Nasim Asghary Robabeh Afkhami Banaem ahmadreza haghighiAbstract Problem posing provides an opportunity to students for what they need to know and can create their mathematical knowledge, and allows teachers to observe patterns of understanding and learning mathematics of students, By challenging their thinking in proble MoreAbstract Problem posing provides an opportunity to students for what they need to know and can create their mathematical knowledge, and allows teachers to observe patterns of understanding and learning mathematics of students, By challenging their thinking in problem-solving situations. Formative evaluation in classrooms is of great importance to find out how students learn to determine the strengths and weaknesses of their learning. Therefore, this study examines the process of problem posing as an evaluation tool. The statistical population of this research is all ninth-grade students in Tehran. In this study, 64 ninth-grade female students were selected as available samples. This study is practical in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in implementation. The tests were designed based on Stoyanova and Ellerton's (1996) framework. The examination of the questions was done according to the Wistro-U model (2009), the Yip Ban Har and Pai Hat model (2008), and the study of Silver and Kai (2005). Analysis of the tests was done quantitative-qualitative. Also, the face and content validity of the tests were confirmed by the professors of mathematics education, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.74. The results showed more than two-thirds of the students were not able to combine different subjects of mathematical concepts in the design of problems, and this result showed their lack of understanding in connecting the concepts. Also, according to the structure and solving of the issues proposed by the students, some misunderstandings the students were extracted from the mathematical concepts. Also, posing real verbal problems showed half of the students that the opportunities to pose problems have increased their understanding of the concepts. In unrealistic verbal problems, students' understanding of the concepts used in these problems is procedural and not conceptual. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Nonlinear buckling analysis of clamped-free porous FG sandwich beams with temperature dependent materials
Mohsen RahmaniAnalysing the buckling behaviour of the two kinds of sandwich beams, the first one with functionally graded material faces and homogeneous core and the second one with functionally graded material core and homogeneous faces are presented in this paper based on a high or MoreAnalysing the buckling behaviour of the two kinds of sandwich beams, the first one with functionally graded material faces and homogeneous core and the second one with functionally graded material core and homogeneous faces are presented in this paper based on a high order sandwich beam theory. Properties of the constituent materials are assumed temperature dependent and functionally graded materials are modelled by a power law rule. Even and uneven porosity distributions are considered to improve the accuracy of the model. Minimum potential energy principle is used to obtain the govern equations and Galerkin method is applied used to solve the equations in a clamped free boundary conditions. Lateral displacement, and thermal stresses of the core and Lagrange strains are considered. To verify the procedure, the results of the present study are compared with the literature. Thickness, length, porosity, wave number and temperature effect on the critical load are investigated too. Manuscript profile