Analytical and Numerical Investigation of Energy Absorption in Graded Aluminum Open Cell Foam under Low Velocity Impact Loading

Subject Areas : Mechanics of Solids

S  Davari ¹ (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran)
S. A  Galehdari ² (Faculty Member of Mechanical Engineering Department, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch,Iran)
A  Atrian ³ (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Najafabad, Esfahan, Iran)

Received: 2023-05-25 Accepted : 2023-08-27 Published : 2024-02-03

Keywords: Open cell foam, Optimization, Specific energy absorption, Low velocity impact, Graded structure,

Abstract :

Given the significance of energy absorption in various industries, light shock absorbers such as structures made of metal foam have been considered. In this study, analytical equation of plateau stress is presented for an open cell foam based on the Gibson-Ashby model, which follows elastic perfectly plastic behavior. For comparison of acquired analytical equations, the problem for a cell and then for three cells that make up an aluminum open cell foam is simulated in ABAQUS/CAE. Using the stress strain diagram, plateau stress and densification strain equations, the specific energy absorbed of the open cell metal foam is extracted. The capacity of absorb energy for an aluminum open cell foam with three cell is obtained once using analytical equations and again by using numerical simulation in ABAQUS/CAE. Numerical results retain an acceptable accordance with analytical equations with less than 3% occurred error for absorbed energy. To ensure the accuracy of numerical simulation, the results of simulating are compared with the results of the simulation of the same foam in a reference whose accuracy is verified by the experiment. Based on the results, the effective cross-sectional area of the foam with Gibson-Ashby cell does not follow the cross-sectional that is used for the calculation of plateau stress in adsorbent structures. Then tow equations are extracted to calculate the effective cross-sectional area and the transfer force. Applying sequential quadratic programming method (SQP) and genetic algorithm (GA), to design a graded metal foam with high specific Energy absorption.

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