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Open Access Article
1 - analysis of the causal contexts of human resources development for the management of human development of disabled people with social disabilities
syyed ali mohammad moosavi reza esmaeili akbar etebarianEffectiveness of the activities of human forces with the aim of empowering and improving people who are injured or at risk of injury in boarding centers is a very difficult, complex and erosive task. This important thing requires developed employees with the spirit of MoreEffectiveness of the activities of human forces with the aim of empowering and improving people who are injured or at risk of injury in boarding centers is a very difficult, complex and erosive task. This important thing requires developed employees with the spirit of Organizational Citizenship . Government policies at the operational level by using the capacity of human resources of non-governmental organizations, is the ability of emancipation for their return to society and family. This article seeks to find an answer to the analysis of the causal context of human resource development for the management and development of disabled people in the mental health park of Shiraz. is. The statistical population was 15 academic subject matter experts, policy makers, and operatives who were selected by theoretical purposeful sampling. In terms of approach, this research is qualitative based on grounded theory, and by using semi-structured in-depth interview method, the necessary data were collected and after coding on them, the causal context factors were analyzed semantically. The findings and results have shown that the causal context include: the need for a suitable organizational structure, improving the level of behavioral-perceptual support of leaders, paying attention to individual emotions, improving the level of cognitive depth of leaders, the need for social participation, paying attention to individual development and competencies, Strengthening information and communication technologies, the need to develop appropriate organizational processes. The need for human development and drawing vision and goal statement. . For structural validation, the technique of collecting from multiple sources and internal validity through member control by reviewing and confirming the implemented text of the interview, the long-term involvement of the writer and the intensiveness of receiving information and external validity through the rich description of the data have been used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Defining the policy lock in of the sector of renewable energy sector in Iran
tahereh miremadi zohreh RahimiradContext: Environmental degradation and climate change is one of the human security threats at the international and national level. However, there is no appropriate policy response regarding this problem at the national policy context. This is a policy lock-in in the se MoreContext: Environmental degradation and climate change is one of the human security threats at the international and national level. However, there is no appropriate policy response regarding this problem at the national policy context. This is a policy lock-in in the sector of renewable energies in Iran. Aim: The aim of the paper is to determine why this policy lock in exists and how to mitigate it. Methodology: The research uses the post structuralist approach of Sohail Inayatullah and combines it with the methodology of meta-analysis to build a model of four layers of causal relations. Finding: The Neoclassical economics is the least analytical approach to deal with the environmental challenges. The systemic approach is relatively more complex and the MLP is the most comprehensive approach to analyze the causes of policy lock in of Iranian renewable energy sector. Conclusion: To analysis the policy lock in Iranian renewable energy sector, there are three sets of causal relationship which can presents three parts of policy mix prescription. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Future studies of aviation industry behavior based on demand and expansion capacity of passenger terminals scenarios using system dynamics
Ehsan Mohebbi Babak Shirazi Ali TajdinDue to the high speed of relocation, air transportation has particular importance for the development of socio-economic systems of each region or country. The wide area of Iran in order to the geographical characteristics and economic growth speed has the high potential MoreDue to the high speed of relocation, air transportation has particular importance for the development of socio-economic systems of each region or country. The wide area of Iran in order to the geographical characteristics and economic growth speed has the high potential for the expansion of air transport. The main purpose of this paper is to the future study of Iran’s air travel demand and passenger terminals capacity. The paper has presented a method for developing the air passenger demand forecast model and the scenarios related to runway and passenger terminals capacity expansion. The approach meets the future demand from the point of view of system dynamics in the horizon of 2020. Although there are a number of studies in the air transport field based on the system dynamics, the researchers have not been conducted to investigate the demand for air travel and the development of passenger terminals capacity in Iran. Due to the developed model and study, the pessimistic and optimistic scenarios different sensitivity values have been compared within these three scenarios . Scenarios are designed based on capacity factors, the number of flights per day, the use of airport runways, and airline congestion. Using the different conditions of scenarios and predicting the conditions that may occur in the future for the country's airline industry, it is possible to test the overall behavior of the model. In order to verification and validation of the proposed method, Vensim system dynamics simulation have been used for model development and sensitivity analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Determine the Causal Relationships of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Dimensions in order to Industrial Development by Using ISM
abdolhossein shokri Houshang Taghizadeh Majid BagherzadehkhajehToday, policy makers have started to study the required competency of a system which supports entrepreneurship with high growth. An emerging approach has focused on entrepreneurship ecosystems. Accordingly, the current research aims to determine the causal relationships MoreToday, policy makers have started to study the required competency of a system which supports entrepreneurship with high growth. An emerging approach has focused on entrepreneurship ecosystems. Accordingly, the current research aims to determine the causal relationships of the entrepreneurship ecosystem dimensions in order industrial development by using ISM. The research method is descriptive and the sample was gathered by targeted sampling method. Furthermore, 143 ones and 15 experts were selected for confirmed section and Structural-Interpretative Modeling (ISM) section respectively. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Its validity and reliability was confirmed; then it was distributed among the members of the statistical sample. In order to analyze the data, confirmatory factor analysis and Structural-Interpretive Modeling was applied. The results show that accessible markets such as the domestic market and the international market are placed in the first level; moreover, the foundations and basis of entrepreneurship ecosystems such as budget and finance, universities as catalysts, intellectual capital and labor, education and cultural support should be enhanced for gaining access to these markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Designing a Corporate Foresight Measure and Its Impact on Organizational Performance (Studied Case: Banking Industry)
Mahdi Joneidi Jafari Rohullah Bayat farhad se talani safar fazliThis article aims to design a model for corporate foresight capability and its impacts on organizational performance in the banking industry of Iran. In this research, first, the review of literature on corporate foresight from the process and content perspectives is pr MoreThis article aims to design a model for corporate foresight capability and its impacts on organizational performance in the banking industry of Iran. In this research, first, the review of literature on corporate foresight from the process and content perspectives is presented, and then we have examined and analyzed the components and dimensions of corporate foresight. Corporate foresight is an ability that includes any structural or cultural element that enables the company to detect discontinuous change early, interpret the consequences for the company, and formulate effective responses to ensure the long-term survival and success of the company. The research is of practical purpose and research method is a mixed method and is cross-sectional in time. The data collection tool has been collected and analyzed in the qualitative part including library and Delphi methods from academic and industry experts (15 experts) and in the quantitative part using questionnaire, the data research were collected and analyzed from the banking industry of Iran including 30 banks (Commercial Government banks, Specialized Government banks, Gharzolhasaneh and Non-Government Banks). . The validity of the model is verified by structural equation modeling. The results show that we can examine and promote the corporate foresight using the components of proposed measurement model. The ratings Corporate Foresight components in Iranian banking industry are also investigated. The results showed that corporate foresight affect organizational performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Prediction of Banking Distress and Contagion of Crisis in the Banking Network (With Application of Linear and Non-Linear Hybrid Approach)
Ahmad Bidi Feraydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Reza Gholami Jamkarani hamidreza kordlouie Morteza Baky HeskouiiThe present research aimed at prediction of banking disorder and contagion of crisis in the banking network is conducted by application of linear and non-linear hybrid approach. The present research method is of descriptive-survey, and practical in terms of objective. T MoreThe present research aimed at prediction of banking disorder and contagion of crisis in the banking network is conducted by application of linear and non-linear hybrid approach. The present research method is of descriptive-survey, and practical in terms of objective. Therefore, in order to attain this objective, firstly, banking system fragility index (BSFI) is reviewed as an early warning system in order to identify banking crisis, in four banking system sectors (specialized, commercial, private and credit institutions), and banking system fragility index is reviewed in the stated four sectors by applying linear and non-linear approaches by making use of data obtained during March 2016 until December 2020. Results of calculation of banking system fragility index in sub-sectors of the banking system indicate periods of high fragility of the banking system, in particular in January, February and March 2017, which might be due to effects of election. Furthermore, in December 2020, high risk-taking was observed in the banking system, arising from creation of a bubble, which represents a strong warning for future problems of the national banking system. Furthermore, during the review period, banking network is noticeably fragile. Notably, results of Granger linear causality test indicate two-sided causality between credit institutions and private banks, a one-sided causal relationship from private banks to specialized and commercial banks and also a one-sided causal relationship from specialized banks to commercial banks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigation of Immigration to Tehran Using Causal Layered Analysis (CLA)
Aliollah GhanbariTehran's population growth and the entry of new immigrants has been one of the problems for governors, policy makers, and planners. Therefore, since the middle decades of the current century, as a concern, it has been considered as a threat to social, environmental, hea MoreTehran's population growth and the entry of new immigrants has been one of the problems for governors, policy makers, and planners. Therefore, since the middle decades of the current century, as a concern, it has been considered as a threat to social, environmental, health, and disaster preparedness issues. However, the activities have been performed to prevent Tehran population growth, failed to achieve success and in spite of all these activities, the problem of Tehran population and immigration growth still exists.In this paper, causal layered analysis (CLA) as a futures study method is used for splitting and analyzing the several layers leading to the issue of Tehran immigration growth, and different scenarios are considered for the future. In this regard, based on analysis of the under layers and due to the uncertainty and importance, "development model" and "cultural orientation" are identified as its drivers and the scenarios are designed according to them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Hegemony of Media Planning ; In Advertising
بهروز Kafi کامبیز HeidarzadehMedia planning directs the advertising message to the right people at the right time . It involves many decisions ; where to advertise and when , whic MoreMedia planning directs the advertising message to the right people at the right time . It involves many decisions ; where to advertise and when , which media to use , and how often to use them. Media planners need both financial skills and creativity. The media are the carriers of messages to the target audience . The correct selection of media requires a sound understanding of the media and a sound appreciation of target audiences , Unless both are identified correctly , bridge cannot be built between the brand and the consumer , the organization and its target audiences . Good media implementation is central to the role of marketing communications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Analyzing opinions about Imamzadeh Hossein bin Musa's tomb
mohammad bagheri Hamid Reza SanaeiAbstract Imamzadeh Hossein bin Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the 2nd century AH and the first half of the 3rd century AH. According to the reports of several sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was b MoreAbstract Imamzadeh Hossein bin Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the 2nd century AH and the first half of the 3rd century AH. According to the reports of several sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was buried. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, first explained the reports of multiple sources about his burial and then analyzed and checked their accuracy. The available reports mention his burial in cities such as Shiraz, Behbahan, Jopar Kerman, Kufa, Dezful and Tabas. The result indicates that the tomb of Imamzadeh is most likely located in the city of Tabas. Keywords: Hossein bin Musa (pbuh), Imamzadegan, tomb, Tabas, Shiraz, Kufa, Baghdad Abstract Imamzadeh Hossein bin Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the 2nd century AH and the first half of the 3rd century AH. According to the reports of several sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was buried. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, first explained the reports of multiple sources about his burial and then analyzed and checked their accuracy. The available reports mention his burial in cities such as Shiraz, Behbahan, Jopar Kerman, Kufa, Dezful and Tabas. The result indicates that the tomb of Imamzadeh is most likely located in the city of Tabas. Keywords: Hossein bin Musa (pbuh), Imamzadegan, tomb, Tabas, Shiraz, Kufa, Baghdad Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Authentication of the Letter of the Second Caliph to Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān
Ali AdelzadehIn some sources, such as Biḥār al-Anwār a long narrative has been related, according to which Abdullah ibn ʿUmar started a protest movement against Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiya after the martyrdom of Imam Ḥusayn (a.s.). As a response to ibn ʿUmar, Yazīd showed the letter that the MoreIn some sources, such as Biḥār al-Anwār a long narrative has been related, according to which Abdullah ibn ʿUmar started a protest movement against Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiya after the martyrdom of Imam Ḥusayn (a.s.). As a response to ibn ʿUmar, Yazīd showed the letter that the Second Caliph had sent to Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān. In this letter many events of the Early Islam have been described, especially the actions of the hypocrites to usurp the caliphate, and there has been some recommendations for Muʿāwiya. In this report, there are many historical and literary errors. In this article, by conducting a thorough search and examining the Isnad and the text of the narrative, it has been proved that al-Ḥusayn ibn Ḥamdān al-Khaṣībī is the main accused of falsifying this narration. Although his name has not been mentioned in the Isnad. Furthermore, based on manuscripts, another version of the story has been presented, which may have been unrelated to al-Khaṣībī's version and based on an earlier source. In this research, other topics such as the related account attributed to al-Balādhurī have also been discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A study of two narrations of Usama's Djaysh Event
عبدالرحیم قنواتThere are two narrative quotes on the well-known event of Usama's Djaysh 1) The first century historian's narrative; 2) The Shi'h theologian's narrative as Shiykh-I Mufid has narrated in Al-irshad. T MoreThere are two narrative quotes on the well-known event of Usama's Djaysh 1) The first century historian's narrative; 2) The Shi'h theologian's narrative as Shiykh-I Mufid has narrated in Al-irshad. The historians have accounted this event, through considering former and simultaneous, but Shiykh-I Mufid has analyzed and narrated it by regarding to its consequences. His analysis and explanation can be considered as a theological-functional explanation and analysis. The historians have narrated this event with a kind of oversimplification; and they haven't paid enough attention to know and record the details of it; on the other hand, the content of Shiykh-I Mufid's narrative is inconsistent with prophet's spiritual and ( even ) political states meanwhile it is not acceptable because of not having enough interest in the former and simultaneous circumstances with this event. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - -Sheikh Abbas Qumi's Historiography in Nafas al-Mahmūm fi Muṣibat Sayidina al-Ḥusayn al-Maḍlūm
Ali Asghar Hosseinzadeh Mehran Esmaeili Abbas Mirzaei NokabadiNafas al-Mahmūm, is written about the martyrdom of Husayn bin ʿAli and has met with the favor and attention of the Shiite community more than other similar writings. In composing this book, Sheikh Abbas Qumi (d. 1941) used the method of hadith scholars, emph MoreNafas al-Mahmūm, is written about the martyrdom of Husayn bin ʿAli and has met with the favor and attention of the Shiite community more than other similar writings. In composing this book, Sheikh Abbas Qumi (d. 1941) used the method of hadith scholars, emphasizing on isnad, and tried to write his work based on sources that he considered authentic. Al-Qumi sought to put aside the last layers from the martyrdom of al-Husayn literature, which were often added during the Qājārid era (1789-1925). However, this process does not seem to produce a single, coherent narration of the ‘ashura event. The main shortcomings of the book are: relying on some historians and hadith scholars and referring to their sources frequently without criticizing their narrations, not identifying the primary sources of the tradition or ignoring it, lack of reports verification, lack of checking the accuracy of the reports, ignoring conflict between reports, lack of historical approach and finally, the lack of coherence in the conclusion and selection of the preferred report. It can be said that although this book keeps the reader away from the distortions of the late period, the number of different reports on each issue does not allow the reader to find out Qumi's opinion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - On the Manipulations of Hājī Zayn al-Aṭṭār Shīrāzī's Son in His Father's Ikhtiyārāt-e Badī‘ī, His Identity and Sources
Younes KaramatiIn the numerous manuscripts of the Ikhtiyārāt-e Badī‘ī, there are significant differences of various origins that make it very difficult to publish a critical edition of this book. The most important differences are the relatively large number of notes by “I MoreIn the numerous manuscripts of the Ikhtiyārāt-e Badī‘ī, there are significant differences of various origins that make it very difficult to publish a critical edition of this book. The most important differences are the relatively large number of notes by “Ibn-e Mo'allif” (son of the author) in a considerable number of manuscripts of Ikhtiyārāt, which are also included in uncritical editions of it; some have even considered these notes as Hājī Zayn al-Aṭṭār's citations from one of his sons; but this son added these notes gradually, or at three or more stages, after the death of his father, at least until 850 AH /1446 AD. Ḥusayn ibn Ali ibn Ḥusayn Ansārī’s extensive use of Ikhtiyārāt in Dastūr al-Aṭebbā min ḳawā’id al-Ḥokamā (compiled in 839 AH), along with the scribing of two manuscripts of Ikhtiyārāt with the most of Ibn-e Mo'allif additional notes (in 846 and 850 AH), makes us consider him the same Ibn-e Mo'allif. Most of these additions contain other names (especially local Shirazi names), unusual properties, morphology, essence, and types of each drug. A number of them, especially the additions related to Shiraz and Fārs, are the result of Ibn-e Mo'allif personal experiences, and a number of others are taken from often untold sources. Comparing these additions with possible sources, it can be seen that Ibn-e Mo'allif has used Kāshānī’s ‘Arāyis al-Jawāhir wa Nafāyes al-’Atāyeb in the subject of gems and perfumes, and in the case of perfumes, Bīrūnī’s Ṣaydanah (which, of course, he has quoted from it in other positions). In adding material to the compound medicaments book, he has used Ḥunayn Ibn Isḥāḳ’s al-Masā’il fi al-Ṭib and its commentary by Ibn Abī Ṣadeḳ Neyshāburī. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Tārik͟h-i Khayrāt and Aṣaḥḥ al-tawārikh: the Representation of the Early History of Islam in Two General Histories from the Ninth Century A.H.
Ali KaliradTārikh-i Khayrāt and Aṣaḥḥ al-tawārikh by Muhammad ibn Fazlullah Musavi are less well-known general histories from the ninth century AH/ the fifteenth century AD. The purpose of this essay is to introduce the above-mentioned works and discussing representation of the ea MoreTārikh-i Khayrāt and Aṣaḥḥ al-tawārikh by Muhammad ibn Fazlullah Musavi are less well-known general histories from the ninth century AH/ the fifteenth century AD. The purpose of this essay is to introduce the above-mentioned works and discussing representation of the early history of Islam in Tārikh-i Khayrāt and Aṣahh al-tawārikh. Although Musavi's works are not much significant in terms of historiographical data and literary value, the reflection of his approach as a believer in the religio-political legitimacy of Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib and his descendants and also the influence of Sufi doctrine on Musavi’s narrative of the history of early Islam represents the context of religious thought in Timurid Khorasan. Moreover, the marginal annotations and revisions on the manuscripts of Tārikh-i Khayrāt and Aṣaḥḥ al-tawārikh, which have been made in the following centuries, could be the readers' different perusal of the text and reflecting the transformation of Shiite identity boundaries in Persia during the fifteenth to the twentieth centuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - One Civilization and Two Interpretations: Rereading Two Works by Abdulḥusayn Zarrinkub: Du Qarn Sukut and Karnami-yi Islam
سیاوش ShohaniIslamic historiography has been full of ups and downs, and has beenaffected by many social and historical parameters, to such an extentthat some of these parameters, in the same way as a historicaldiscourse, have created a historiographical era. AbdulḥusaynZarrinkub&rsq MoreIslamic historiography has been full of ups and downs, and has beenaffected by many social and historical parameters, to such an extentthat some of these parameters, in the same way as a historicaldiscourse, have created a historiographical era. AbdulḥusaynZarrinkub’s works on the history of Iran at first centuries of Islamicperiod were of great importance and authority in academies in Iran.Du Qarn Sukut, written in thirties (Persian calendar), his most famouswork, presents a different account in comparison with Karnami-yiIslam, written in fifties. In his first account, Zarrinkub attacks theachievements of Islamic civilization in two first centuries, andconsiders Arab conquest as the reason of Persian’s misfortune; whilein his second account, admires this civilization, and considers thisencounter as a reason for flourishing and fruitfulness of bothcivilizations. This article tries to compare these two accounts ofIslamic civilization, and examine the aforementioned contradictionhermeneutically. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Osman-Dan Fodio’s Political-Religious Thoughts
habib zamani mahjoubOsman-Dan Fodio (1717-1745) can be considered as the most important reformist leader in West Africa. His uprising in 1804 is a turning point in the revival of Islam in the West African region. This paper, by descriptive-analytic method, seeks to answer the question of w MoreOsman-Dan Fodio (1717-1745) can be considered as the most important reformist leader in West Africa. His uprising in 1804 is a turning point in the revival of Islam in the West African region. This paper, by descriptive-analytic method, seeks to answer the question of what Uthman Dad Fodio's uprising and rule were based on what kinds of religious political thought? According to the findings of this study, there is no separation between religion and politics in Sheikh Uthman point of view. In his religious and political thought, accepting the infidels and accompanying them is forbidden and trying to form an Islamic government is an obligation. The Sheikh has designed a comprehensive model for the Islamic government and has defined the executive agencies and their management practices, mainly based on the return to the early values of Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Effect of Psychological Traits and Compulsive Usage in Creating Technostress
Hamed Dehghanan Mohamad Mahdi Ahmadi Abolfazl AlizadehSmartphones have become necessities in people’ lives. This study investigates the relationships between psychological traits and the compulsive behaviors of smartphone users. We conducted an empirical study consisting of 647 participants of smartphone user’s MoreSmartphones have become necessities in people’ lives. This study investigates the relationships between psychological traits and the compulsive behaviors of smartphone users. We conducted an empirical study consisting of 647 participants of smartphone user’s of tehran.to examaine the data we use lisrel8.8 and spss. The results suggest that compulsive usage of smartphone and technostress are positively related to psychological traits including locus of control, social interaction anxiety and the need for touch except materialism. Gender differences are also found in the aforementioned relationships. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Sustainable Prefabricated Structure Design by Salt Sediment Inspired from Material Distribution Optimization of Human Trabecular Bone
Azin Jalali mahmoud golabchiNature can be an interesting source of human inspiration for design and inventions. Man has been always related to the nature in different levels. Bionic Architecture is a new trend in contemporary world that benefits from sustainable nature`s solutions for human proble MoreNature can be an interesting source of human inspiration for design and inventions. Man has been always related to the nature in different levels. Bionic Architecture is a new trend in contemporary world that benefits from sustainable nature`s solutions for human problems. There are two main methods of bio inspired design, First: Bottom-Up or solution based method, Second: Top-Down or problem based method. The authors used Top-Down or problem based method to find the article`s main question: How to design a sustainable self-growing and self-compacting structure which is cheap and uses minimum material. First there was problem of construction with minimum material usage and ecosystem damage, then human bone as an inspiring source was focused on, and abstracted form modeled by 3D printers can lead this basic prototype to industrial mass production. This article aims to find a solution for problem of over extracting materials from environment which is a factor of unsustainability in architecture and construction industry. It tries to discover the pattern of how structures optimize their material usage to build their selves. Natural structures extract needed materials from their context gradually, an example of these structures in nature is human bone that have balance between strength, weigh and material distribution. How to simulate this semi prefabricated, self-compacting and intelligent structure able to self-healing and self-destroying itself in essential parts and gradually extract material from its context environment grows and completes itself is the result of this article. The process of simulation from natural model to industrial sample is discussed in the main text. The process contains these steps: Discovering bone structure, Abstracting bone pattern, Simulating bone growth, and providing sediment phase. Bone structure can be simulated into two different ways. One of them is using random points as basic matrix and the other one is Voronoi pattern. Both of these methods can be modeled by Grasshopper plugin and Rhino software. After modeling abstracted Trabecular pattern as basic matrix, it can be made by 3D printers which use cheap and abundant material like sand. The basic sand matrix is put into over salinized water to become more and more compacted by time duration and salt sediments. The Piezoelectric property of the bone cells could be ignited by external forces is the basic cause of calcium ions absorption from bloodstream and calcium precipitation on bone matrix. Bone grows up according to the direction of the external force vectors. Simulation of this dynamic process in a smart structure that builds and destroys and repairs itself is proposed to use Quarts sensors which has the same piezoelectric feature and can simulate the behavior of bone calcium precipitation by making heat from the forces that have to bear and making heat as reaction. The material for process of structure growth is salt (sea salt). As the water of Persian Gulf or Lake Urmia is facing over salinization crisis, extracting salt from these over salty water and returning less salty water to its source can supply environmental sustainability of this kind of construction method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Evaluation of Zataria multiflora and Salvia leriifolia extract on the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics in sausage formulation during refrigerated storage
Nasrin Choobkar Maryam Mousavi Abdoreza Aghajani -
Open Access Article
20 - Quality assessment of unfermented sausage by partial replacement of sodium nitrite with ethanolic extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis and Berberis vulgaris
Abdoreza Aghajani Shaghayegh Khorasani Nasrin Choobkar -
Open Access Article
21 - The combined effect of Bacillus coagulans, potassium chloride, and yeast extract on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of a functional vegetable sausage
Davoud Soleimani Ramin Khorrami Afshin Akhondzadeh Basti Ali Khanjari -
Open Access Article
22 - Relationship between major dietary patterns and osteoporosis in Iranian postmenopausal women: A case-control study
Behnood Abbasi Paniz Ahmadi Bita Shadbakht Elnaz Zirak Sharkesh -
Open Access Article
23 - Evaluation of Zataria multiflora and Salvia leriifolia extract on the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of sausage during refrigerated storage
Maryam Mousavi Nasrin Choobkar Abdoreza Aghajani -
Open Access Article
24 - The relation of household food security with osteoporosis in 40-50 year non-menopausal women referred to Karaj DEXA center
Maryam Naderi Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh Abolghassem Djazayery -
Open Access Article
25 - The relationship between financial deepening and economic growth in South-West Asia region
Zahra Afshari Hoda JafariIn this paper, the relationship between financial deepening and economic growth in 23 Countries Southwest Asia, which document the development prospects of Iran are considered during the period 2006-1990 has been investigated. First principles theoretical study and emp MoreIn this paper, the relationship between financial deepening and economic growth in 23 Countries Southwest Asia, which document the development prospects of Iran are considered during the period 2006-1990 has been investigated. First principles theoretical study and empirical studies was conducted and then the actual performance of the financial sector and economy of these countries studied and compared has been. More articles in Econometrics model study asserts and applying a combination of models are estimated. Finally, Vector of causality between the finance section and economic growth in the form of a combination of data reviewed is located. The results indicate a positive relationship between financial deepening and economic growth in these countries with the causality of economic growth towards financial deepening have. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Effect on economic growth in the banking sector and capital markets (the study of Islamic Conference member countries)
Taghi Torabi Mahdi Taghavi Mohammad NasiriAchieving long term and sustainable economic growth in any country is made possible by optimal mobilization and allocation of investment resources in the country's national economy. Extensive and efficient financial markets, in particular efficient capital markets, are MoreAchieving long term and sustainable economic growth in any country is made possible by optimal mobilization and allocation of investment resources in the country's national economy. Extensive and efficient financial markets, in particular efficient capital markets, are essential to achieve this goal. Market economy-based system at the macro level is established on four markets (product market, labor market, money market, and capital market) which among them, two markets (money market and capital market) are associated with the financial sector. The second coin of any country’s economy is its financial sector, which is in fact complementary to the real sector of the economy. The optimal performance of an economic system depends on two efficient, complementary, powerful, and supervised financial and real sectors. The collaboration of these two sectors is a necessary and sufficient prerequisite for an optimal economic system.In this study, the effects of banking sector and capital market on economic growth as well as a causal relationship between economic growth and capital market development and banking sector were investigated using the panel data model. The estimation result of the model indicated that during 1995 to 2014, stock market variables had insignificant negative effects on the production and economic growth of the study countries. In other words, according to these results, it could be stated that during the period in question, the stock market had no effect on the economic growth of these countries. In contrast, banking sector variables had significant positive effects on the productions and economic growth of these countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Iran financial market relation with domestic and international markets based on causality in moments of distribution analysis
Maryam Moghaddas Bayat Shamsollah Shirinbakhsh Teymour MohammadiProper analyzing and forecasting depend on appropriate statistical model identification. This can be done when the variables included in model lead to improve its identification. This results in causality concept.Previously variables’ relations was confined to fir MoreProper analyzing and forecasting depend on appropriate statistical model identification. This can be done when the variables included in model lead to improve its identification. This results in causality concept.Previously variables’ relations was confined to first moment and linear relation within the framework of a causal relation .If the relation rejected, the variable would be excluded from model.Recently, causality analysis in higher moments and nonlinear way attract researchers. This means that presumed causal variable may contain unique information for some of moments but not all of them. Accordingly, eliminating such a variable from the model results in hiding important information of variable’s actual behavior which is under study. This research tries to present causality analysis in different orders of moments are presented in MSBVAR model settings. Therefore, free float index of stock exchange, exchange rate, OPEC basket price, gold global price are selected in order to examine causal relation from domestic and international markets to stock market. Results imply that exchange rate, oil and gold variables are causal in distribution for financial variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Investigating the causality direction between saffron cash and futures markets focusing on periods of boom and recession
Javad Ghiyasi Mohammadtaher AhmadiShadmehriInvestigating the causality between the futures and spot markets of a commodity is always an important question for market traders and policy makers. By launching financial derivatives including futures and options for saffron in Iranian commodity exchange since 1397, t MoreInvestigating the causality between the futures and spot markets of a commodity is always an important question for market traders and policy makers. By launching financial derivatives including futures and options for saffron in Iranian commodity exchange since 1397, this question has also been raised in the Iranian saffron market. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the causality between the spot and futures markets of saffron. The required data were obtained daily from the Iranian commodity exchange as well as the Saffron World database during June 2018 to November 2019 and analyze based on Granger causality test and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models. The results show that, in general, there are no explicit causal direction, but by distinguishing between ascending and descending periods, it is clear that in the descending periods, absolutely, causality has been from futures market to spot market and in ascending periods, For some, causality has been from spot market to the futures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Illustrating the effects of information and communication technology on production in Mena's region countries with emphasis on Iran
محمدرضا شریف آزاده زهره جمشیدیDuring the last two decades, the importance of information andcommunication technology (ICT) in increasing countries theeconomic growth and productivity in different countries form of inter-country data has been more considered. Most of these studies have consider MoreDuring the last two decades, the importance of information andcommunication technology (ICT) in increasing countries theeconomic growth and productivity in different countries form of inter-country data has been more considered. Most of these studies have considered the positive impact of ICT on economic growth and productivity.Hence, regarding the multiple economic functions ofICT, the goal of this paper is to study ( the Uhansson-Usilius convergence growth test ), using Panal Data method while illustrating in the long-run production in Mena's Countries during 2000-2009 concerning the role of ICT; and also the long term relation between production and communication in Iran using data gathered during 1347-1386. Moreover, through Granger causality test, the existence of causality between ICT and production in mentioned countries and also Iran have been investigated. The results of estimated model in Mena's countries show that all estimated coefficients have the considered signs and are statisticallysignificant. In sample Mena's countries, the production elasticity of ICT, capital, labor and human capital have been respectively estimated approximately 0.0559, 0.2747, 0.467, 0.153. Also, in (R2) there is a one way causality from ICT to production at the significant level of s per cent. The results of estimated model of Iran also show that the related coefficients related to the expendituers of ICT capacity, capital, labor and human capital in long term are respectively 0.07689, 0.4045, 0.1646, 0.14288 and similar to Mena's countries there is a one way causality from ICT to production Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Usages of Social Networking Websites among Undergraduate Students
Morteza Moradgholi Mohammad Hadi Mansour Lakoorej -
Open Access Article
31 - Social and Economic Factors Influencing Developmental Orientation (Case of Study: Residents of Shahr-e Kord City)
Mansour Haghighatian -
Open Access Article
32 - Ethical Challenges in Accounting: an Indian Case
vineet chouhan Nader Naghshbandi -
Open Access Article
33 - Assessing the Exchange Rate Fluctuation on Tehrans Stock Market Price: A GARCH Application
Maryam Khalili Araghi Meisam Mohazzab Pak -
Open Access Article
34 - The Causal Relationship between Government Revenue and Expenditure in Jordan
H. A. Al-Zeaud -
Open Access Article
35 - The Effects of Interest Rates Volatility on Stock Returns: Evidence from Bangladesh
D. Muktadir-Al-Mukit -
Open Access Article
36 - Surveying the effect of objective dimensions of electronic payment on using electronic payment systems with moderating role of perceived security and perceived trust of electronic transfer in Mellat Bank branches in Sari city
Rohoallah Alizadeh Seyed Mehdi Hosseini Ozineh Elham khaniAbstract Present study tries to survey the effect of objective dimensions of electronic payment on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in Mellat Bank branches of Sari city. From standpoint of goal, this stu MoreAbstract Present study tries to survey the effect of objective dimensions of electronic payment on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in Mellat Bank branches of Sari city. From standpoint of goal, this study is an applied study and from method point of view is a survey – descriptive and cause - reason study. Statistical population is customers of Mellat Bank branches in Sari city which their numbers are infinite. The questionnaires were distributed randomly and relative classified among 395 customers. The data was analyzed using structural equations and Lisrel software. The results indicate that objective dimensions of electronic payment has impact on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in branches of Mellat Bank in Sari city. In this regard, all hypothesis were confirmed and finally some recommendations were provided to branches of Mellat Bank in Sari city. Keywords: Technical securities, transaction processes, security statements, perceived security, perceived trust, the usage of electronic payment system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The Effect of Brand Personality and Brand Image on Word of Mouth
Marjan Daneshian Shahnaz Nayebzadeh Mahmoud Moien Addin Akram EghbaliBrand interest is an important concept in brand-customer relationships, and brand managers are trying to create popular brands, but this concept has been less focused on marketing research; the impact of brand image and brand on brand interest has been limited in empiri MoreBrand interest is an important concept in brand-customer relationships, and brand managers are trying to create popular brands, but this concept has been less focused on marketing research; the impact of brand image and brand on brand interest has been limited in empirical research. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the three concepts of brand personality consistency, brand image consistency and image consistency of brand use on brand interest, brand loyalty, attitude toward brand, and, finally, the effect of these three variables on oral advertising has been done. Data were collected through a questionnaire and data analysis was performed using the LISREL software and the structural equation technique. In this research, a sample of 200 car owners from Hyundai brand in Yazd city has been selected. This study provides evidence that the three self-concept concepts can create a completely different brand image in the minds of the consumer, which subsequently influences the attitude, interest, and brand loyalty of the brand. The findings show that brand identity and image consistency are more powerful predictors of brand interest, brand loyalty, brand attitude and oral advertising than consumer brand image consistency. The results of this research recommend marketing managers to pay particular attention to brand personality and image as intangible features and product simplicity benefits. It is suggested that future researches of various statistical societies, brands and different classes of products be examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Surveying the Effect of Objective Dimensions of Electronic Payment on Using Electronic Payment Systems with Moderating Role of Perceived Security and Perceived Trust of Electronic Transfer in Mellat Bank
R. Alizadeh S. M. HosseiniOzineh E. KhaniPresent study tries to survey the effect of objective dimensions of electronic payment on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in Mellat Bank branches of Sari city. From standpoint of goal, this study is an MorePresent study tries to survey the effect of objective dimensions of electronic payment on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in Mellat Bank branches of Sari city. From standpoint of goal, this study is an applied study and from method point of view is a survey – descriptive and cause - reason study. Statistical population is customers of Mellat Bank branches in Sari city which their numbers are infinite. The questionnaires were distributed randomly and relative classified among 395 customers. The data was analyzed using structural equations and Lisrel software. The results indicate that objective dimensions of electronic payment has impact on using electronic payment systems with mediating role of subjective dimensions of electronic payment in branches of Mellat Bank in Sari city. In this regard, all hypothesis were confirmed and finally some recommendations were provided to branches of Mellat Bank in Sari city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Jurisprudential ruling on the pilgrimage of Imam Hussein (as) and its legal effects
Seyed Ali Rabbani MousaviyanZiyāra (pilgrimage) has been for long discussed in muslims` scientific and theological societies. Among all ziyāras (pilgrimages), Sayyid-al - Shuhadā`s Ziyāra (pilgrimage) is of such a special importance that his Ziyāra (pilgrimage) has been specifically recommend by I MoreZiyāra (pilgrimage) has been for long discussed in muslims` scientific and theological societies. Among all ziyāras (pilgrimages), Sayyid-al - Shuhadā`s Ziyāra (pilgrimage) is of such a special importance that his Ziyāra (pilgrimage) has been specifically recommend by Imams. Numerous riwāyats (narrations) are there about the virtues of Imam Husayn`s Ziyāra (pilgrimage) which have emphasized on his Ziyāra (pilgrimage). In Islam, Ziyāra (pilgrimage) of no other person, even the other Infallibles has received such an emphasis. The specialities of Imam Husayn`s Ziyāra (pilgrimage) in the Infallibles` words and the mutawatir riwāyats (unbroken chain of transmission of the narrations) about the virtues of his Ziyāra (pilgrimage) motivated us to conduct the present study, through taking notes, and do a thorough review on the most important and reliable Shi'a riwāyat (narrative) resource, i.e. Kamil al-ziyarat by Ibn Qulawayh, Al-Shaykh al-Mufid`s teacher. Looking at other resources such as Zad al-ma'ad by al-'Allama al-Majlisi, we extracted riwāyats (narrations) in which there are not any weaknesses or flaws regarding chain of transmission. Hence, any faqih (jurist) or principle decreeing according to it, can`t give any decree except indispensableness of Imam Husayn`s Ziyāra (pilgrimage).Then, using Rijal reviews and Usul al-fiqh principles (Islamic jurisprudence) , alongside with Ijtihad evidences, we proved the indispensableness of Imam Husayn`s Ziyāra (pilgrimage Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Jurisprudential and legal bases of criminalization of refusal of rescue and rescue in the absence of obligation and contract
Mehri Salehi Ebrahim Yaghouti Vali RustaviThe institutionalization of the culture of helping a person in danger needs strong foundations so that it can be based on them permanently and permanently. Refusal to help a person in danger is against jurisprudence and legal as well as moral and religious standards and MoreThe institutionalization of the culture of helping a person in danger needs strong foundations so that it can be based on them permanently and permanently. Refusal to help a person in danger is against jurisprudence and legal as well as moral and religious standards and according to the single article of the penal law Refusal to help the injured, abandoning this common duty is criminalized based on various bases and according to the rule of "Qa'ida al-Ta'azir Lekol Muharram" it is necessary to punish those who help. A person is required to save another's life, he asks the question, what are the most important bases and sources that consider the ruling on the obligation to help necessary? Refusal to help a person in danger is based on various legal bases, including social cooperation, respect for the right to life. Naturally, utilitarian thoughts, the will of governments and social motives originate.From the foundations of jurisprudence, it is possible to refer to the jurisprudential rules of "aiding wrongdoing", "law of harm", "rule of al-Ta'zir for all Muharram" and enjoining what is good and forbidding what is evil. It is also possible to refer to the verse "Innallah Ya'amru bi'al-adl al-ihsan" , ihsan in its literal sense is also considered as one of the most important jurisprudential sources of the need to help another person. The findings of the research show the place of aid and relief and the importance and necessity of helping a distressed person in jurisprudence. Since jurisprudence is considered the most important legal source, therefore, the criminalization of this case in a single article is fed from the jurisprudential source. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Investigating the Rule of “Al-Muntana Al-Wattiaryar La Ainafi al-Kathiyar”
Mohammad Javad Ghaemi Mohammad Sadeq Fazel rahman valizadehOne of the most definite rules, which is widely accepted by all the principles and jurisprudents, and even the clique in rejecting divine allegiances, is based on the rule of law, according to this rule, if a person is at his own discretion The urgent need for the prohi MoreOne of the most definite rules, which is widely accepted by all the principles and jurisprudents, and even the clique in rejecting divine allegiances, is based on the rule of law, according to this rule, if a person is at his own discretion The urgent need for the prohibited verb or the termination of the verb, this urgency does not lead to the abolition of the Eagle and its religious and criminal responsibility. The most important reason for proving this rule, along with the guidance of the guidance of some verses, is the verdict of reason to the correctness of the coexistence and manifestation of the title of deserving the eagle affected by the original authority. The only disagreement among those who are involved in this rule is its inclusion in the position of the person and the duty of the Eagle, which, based on the evidence of the power in the Eagle's privilege, seems to be the monopoly of the lack of tolerance. In terms of adaptation and legal application, it can be said that its major application is in the Islamic Penal Code. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - A Survey of the Inclusiveness of the Causes of Tortious Liability in Jurisprudence
Alireza Feyz Javad Vahedi zadeRevisiting the causes and circumstances of tortious liability and in ajurisprudential approach, the present article studies theirinclusiveness and comprehensiveness. It is quite natural that the titleof “causes of liability “ makes the logical reader expect MoreRevisiting the causes and circumstances of tortious liability and in ajurisprudential approach, the present article studies theirinclusiveness and comprehensiveness. It is quite natural that the titleof “causes of liability “ makes the logical reader expect theircomprehensiveness. Basically, lack of comprehensiveness mayleave a serious harm to a methodological research. Causes ofliability in fact are circumstances bringing liability based on textualproofs, rational proofs , and common usages of the reasonable. Forinstance, liability in the “rule of prior possession” is based on unjustpossession, and in the two rules of destruction and causation arebased on imposing unjust damages directly or indirectly. Theapproach taken in this article may rely on the views of certain greatjurisprudents. For example, discussing the rule of prior possession,some have explicitly stated that most of the regulations of liabilityare based on the prevailing custom. Thus there is no solution but incustom. These regulations are also attributed to the divine law giverdue to his silence toward them. Some others have asserted that therule of destruction is not only a rule in divine law, but it is a rationalrule and one based on the practices of the reasonable. In view of thestructure of this discussion and the above mentioned views, theresearcher mostly adopts either of the following methods.a) He gives semantic expansion to the causes of liability with theirrequired evidence thus including all cases bringing liabilityregardless of their proofs.b) In addition to adopted causes, the researcher raises new ones tocover those not supported with previous causes. This liability relieson the verse of aggression, and rule of prohibition of detriment. Theauthor has taken here the first method. Indicating that the textualand traditional evidence of the causes especially the rule of priorpossession are seriously argued and criticized by somejurisprudents, the author has considered the common usages of thereasonable and rational dictate as the most important and mostconvincing jurisprudential evidence for causes od liability.Therefore the semantic expansion would not face with the problemof expansion in the signification of textual proof. Relying on nontextualproofs in a second step, the author has revisited the causes ofliability trying to give a semantic expansion in the above mentionedcauses covering all causes of liability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Investigation the Effects of Macroeconomic Indices on Stock Returns with a Lag
دکتر زهرا پورزمانی دکتر علی روحی کیوان مام حمهThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship betweenmacroeconomic variables (inflation, growth of stock price index, employment rate,and Gross Domestic Product (GDP)) and stock returns in Tehran Security Exchange(TSE) between the period 1380 to 1387 MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship betweenmacroeconomic variables (inflation, growth of stock price index, employment rate,and Gross Domestic Product (GDP)) and stock returns in Tehran Security Exchange(TSE) between the period 1380 to 1387, using the VAR modeling and Grangercausality tests. In this study, seasonal variables were collected and studied.The results showed that employment rate growth can not explain the stock returnsand the causality of any relationship between employment rate growth and stockreturns does not exist and only stock returns with a lag period is able to explainemployment rate growth.GDP with a lag period is able to explain the stock returns and the stock returnswith a lag period can also explain the GDP. The bi-causality relationship betweenstock returns and GDP, as being aware of either of them, the other variable can bepredicted.The stock return with tow lag periods is able to explain the inflation. The monocausalityrelationship between both from stock return to inflation, as being aware ofstock returns, the inflation can be predicted.Growth of stock price index with tow lag periods is able to explain the stockreturns and stock return with tow lag periods can also explain the growth of stockprice index. In addition, the mono-causality relationship between both from stockreturns to growth of stock price index, as being aware of stock return, the growth ofstock price index can be predicted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Productivity analysis in the banking system (The short-term and long-term causality between labor, capital adequacy and total factor productivity in banks)
Ahoo famil Bakhtiyari Hojabrkiani Kambiz Abbas Memarnegad ّّFarhad GhaffariImproving the productivity of financial markets plays an important role in the economies of countries. Given the bank-oriented financing system of most countries, it is important to know the ways to measure and increase the level of productivity in banks. Accordingly, t MoreImproving the productivity of financial markets plays an important role in the economies of countries. Given the bank-oriented financing system of most countries, it is important to know the ways to measure and increase the level of productivity in banks. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is investigating the short-term and long-term causality between capital adequacy, labor and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in a set of 10 banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in 2010-2019. So, Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Wald test have been used. According to the results, in the short run, a one-way Causality from capital adequacy to TFP is obtained. In the long run, the two-way relationships between labor and capital adequacy variables with TFP are positive. In this study, the error correction term, which indicates the speed of short-term adjustment to long-term equilibrium, has been evaluated Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Price Transmission Mechanism in the Iranian Rice Market
F. Jezghani R. Moghaddasi S. Yazdani A. Mohamadinejad -
Open Access Article
46 - School, the Family, Healthy Life Style among High School Students in the city of Esfahan
mansour haghighatianAbstract:The life style of the adolescents has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. The wide-spread use of fast-foods, the problems and dangers of urban living and the resultant lack of physical activity, increasing usage of the media and gaining familiarity with MoreAbstract:The life style of the adolescents has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. The wide-spread use of fast-foods, the problems and dangers of urban living and the resultant lack of physical activity, increasing usage of the media and gaining familiarity with the cultures of different countries, and so forth, have led to vast changes in consumption behaviors and life styles of the young. Utilizing the ideas of scholars such as Pierre Bourdieu and Anthony Giddens, this article aims to investigate the effects of variables such as teacher’s behaviors, academic materials, and parents’ way of living, foreign media usage (namely the internet and satellite TV), parents’ socio-economic status, and friends on students’ healthy life style. The research population consisted of all male and female high school students of the city of Isfahan of which, using Cochran's formula, 385 individuals were chosen as the sample. The results showed that the mean score of healthy life style of the students was 2/4 out of 5 which was below the medium level. Statistical analysis results showed that foreign media usage, parent's socio-economic status, and parent's way of living had more influence on students’ health-oriented life style.Key terms: healthy life style, foreign media usage, parents’ socio-economic status, parents’ way of living, friends Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Effective Social Factors on Social Isolation of the Youth (Case of Study: Isfahan City)
Mansour Haghighatian -
Open Access Article
48 - School, the Family, Healthy Life Style among High School Students in the City of Esfahan
Mansour HaghighatianThe life style of the adolescents has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. The wide-spread use of fast-foods, the problems and dangers of urban living and the resultant lack of physical activity, increasing usage of the media and gaining familiarity with the cult MoreThe life style of the adolescents has undergone dramatic changes in recent years. The wide-spread use of fast-foods, the problems and dangers of urban living and the resultant lack of physical activity, increasing usage of the media and gaining familiarity with the cultures of different countries, and so forth, have led to vast changes in consumption behaviors and life styles of the young. Utilizing the ideas of scholars such as Pierre Bourdieu and Anthony Giddens, this article aims to investigate the effects of variables such as teacher’s behaviors, academic materials, and parents’ way of living, foreign media usage (namely the internet and satellite TV), parents’ socio-economic status, and friends on students’ healthy life style. The research population consisted of all male and female high school students of the city of Isfahan of which, using Cochran's formula, and 385 individuals are chosen as the sample. The results show that the mean score of healthy life style of the students was 2.4 out of 5 which is below the medium level. Statistical analysis results show that foreign media usage, parent's socio-economic status, and parent's way of living had more influence on students’ health-oriented life style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Evaluation Susan Haacke's Critique of Popper's Epistemological Anti Justification Votes
Mahdi Brojerdi Alireza Mansouri Reza Azizi NezhadCritical rationalism is an approach to biological behavior, and especially to science, that has been introduced by Karl Popper. But his views on the rejection of induction and justification have met with opposition from Susan Haacke as a philosopher of logic. In this ar MoreCritical rationalism is an approach to biological behavior, and especially to science, that has been introduced by Karl Popper. But his views on the rejection of induction and justification have met with opposition from Susan Haacke as a philosopher of logic. In this article, we will evaluate Haacke's view of Popper's views as logical negativity, and show that Haacke makes every effort to maintain justification methods in various interpretations and forms, mostly under the shadow of induction. We will also show that Haacke's critique of Popper, due to his tendency to justify, suffers from some psychological and semantic confusion with epistemological issues. In response, we will see that Popper denies the connection between rationality and justification, and essentially considers justification impossible, and proposes a three-step model, including problem-solving, finding innovative solutions to the problem, and eliminating some of which there is no need for justification. And there is no supporting evidence. The product of such an approach would be to present creative conjectures and conjectures that, while accepting the existence of an ideal truth and a reality outside our minds, do not establish any relation of reality or truth to the hypotheses, and as a result We will be safe from the problems of justification. That is why we are always ready to criticize our solutions and take a more modest position on our hypotheses and theories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Ibn Sina on Causality and the Epistemological Role of Sense in it
Fatemeh Ramezanidiscussion about epistemology realm includes the quality of humanunderstanding of causality, evidence of causation, causation arguments,and the role of sense in emergence of causation, correlation betweencausation and experience, recognizing the necessity of cause and e Morediscussion about epistemology realm includes the quality of humanunderstanding of causality, evidence of causation, causation arguments,and the role of sense in emergence of causation, correlation betweencausation and experience, recognizing the necessity of cause and effect,and so on. Avicenna has great part in explanation, and addressingepistemological questions of causality. Presenting two philosophicaland psychological explanations, he satisfied many gaps in cognitivecausality. One of the most important points of epistemic causality is thecorrelation between sense and causality, and Avicenna considered theseissues and has spoken much about it. Abu Ali, introduced causality asthe interactive product of sense and reason, and he believed that reason,in the pursuit of the concept of causality is dependent on feeling, and inthe verification of causality, is independent. Presenting a psychologicalanalysis of causation, and coupling it with rational deduction based onthe refusal of contradictions, he seeks to explain the essentialrelationship between cause and effect. Offering a Avicenna'sexplanation from causation, this paper seeks for determining theepistemic role of sense in causation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Empiricism vs. Scientific Realism: A Historical Survey of the Developments of These Two Approaches until the Early Twentieth Century
یاسمن هوشیارScientific realism is the thesis that the claims of scientific theoriesabout the facts in the world are literally true. That the theoriessometimes even go beyond our sense data and experience in orderto give us an understanding of natural phenomena and their causes,and MoreScientific realism is the thesis that the claims of scientific theoriesabout the facts in the world are literally true. That the theoriessometimes even go beyond our sense data and experience in orderto give us an understanding of natural phenomena and their causes,and that if we accept a theory as true, we are also committed to theexistence of certain undetectable things as the causes of thosephenomena.Although scientific realism as an independent area in philosophy ofscience is almost recent, as a general idea it can be detectedthroughout the history of western thought where it meets withoppositions mainly coming from the empiricist quarter.Searching through the history of thought and focusing on scientificexplanation as the main goal of science, this paper shows thephilosophical roots of these two approaches as well as their gradualdevelopment since antiquity through intricate evolvement into moresophisticated and systematic forms which emerged almost whenphilosophy of science came to be known as an autonomous field,the period within which the dominant approach is scientific antirealism.The writer is therefore concerned with three majorphilosophers of science, Mach, Poincaré, and Duhem, emphasizingthe main features and trying to come into certain conclusions aboutthe two approaches at issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Ellery Eells on Probabilistic Causation
منصوره قبدیانIn this research, the theory of probabilistic causation is investigated.The main idea of this theory is that the cause changes the probability ofhappening effect. The causation in this theory is introduced as anobjective relation and it is based on inherent properties. MoreIn this research, the theory of probabilistic causation is investigated.The main idea of this theory is that the cause changes the probability ofhappening effect. The causation in this theory is introduced as anobjective relation and it is based on inherent properties. The causalrelation is attended in type level. Otherwise human cognition of naturalphenomena is not definite and determined; the process of cognition isapproximated to the truth. In another words, with the acceptance offault of human cognition, man suggests a probable frame forexplanation of his findings. Probabilistic causation uses the probabilitytheory as a tool for explaining the relationship between cause andeffect. Probabilistic causation is proposed in two levels: type level(General causal) and token levels (Singular causal). In this research,like Eells’s approach, probability causation relationship in type leveland it is considered in General causal meaning. Causal relation isconsidered as typical factor or Property. There are two differentinterpretations: objective interpretation and subjective interpretation.What is explored in this research is objective interpretation in the frameof frequency-propensity interpretation. The main question in thisresearch is consideration in the sense of probabilistic causation theoryand pondering the capability and merits of this concept in against withontological and epistemological challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - The effect of trade liberalization on economic growth in Iran
AhmadAli AsadpourBesides trade Globalization with the countries joining the global economy over time Issue is that different countries are considered by economists. Therefore, this study examines the factors affecting economic growth, including trade Globalization can be addressed. For MoreBesides trade Globalization with the countries joining the global economy over time Issue is that different countries are considered by economists. Therefore, this study examines the factors affecting economic growth, including trade Globalization can be addressed. For the purpose of statistical time series and by the year 1360 to 1393 and using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Method (ARDL) was used. Also check the causality relationship between trade Globalization and economic growth in the long term and short term error correction model was used to test causality.Results from this study showed positive and significant impact variables, the natural logarithm of total investment, Natural logarithm of the total number of labor and trade Globalization on growth rate economy in the short term and long term. The Wald test on coefficients using error correction model, this result was achieved always in the short term and long-term causality of trade Globalization to economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Review of operational and body changes procedure of the old texture of Tehran city: An Emphasis on Are 4 ،Region 11
اصغر Nazarian ابوالفضل Meshkini نرگس AhmadiFardRegion 11 of Theran city, as one of the twenty two regions of Tehran city, with thearea about 1200 ha and the population about 245000 person, is one of the importantcentral regions of tehran the great city. The current area of this region has been locatedon proximity of MoreRegion 11 of Theran city, as one of the twenty two regions of Tehran city, with thearea about 1200 ha and the population about 245000 person, is one of the importantcentral regions of tehran the great city. The current area of this region has been locatedon proximity of the historical core of tehran and some of its parts (the east ern parts) isa section of this core. As this regard, the region has many elements, residentalstructures and general spaces in regard of historical antiquity, with special agriculturaland historical values which it is important opter the region 12. The present study hasbeen focused on one of the four- areas (area 4) from the region 11 ،and it has beenreviewed the operational and body changes procedure of the region and the mentionedarea partiaulrely.The special characteristics of this area are the various usages and activities, thatinclude much important politics governmental centers, particular markets with overregionaand over-city operations ،the big industrial units, special usoges and specialhospitals. As well, it has been reviewed the role and eftects of the public investmentsand politics onto the operationa and body changes of the area. The reviews and studieshave been indicated that it has been provided the community changes theme as a resultof the emigration from the 1340’s, and it has been obliterated the body textures by theland cost reduction; but in recent decades, the region 11 has found the new roles aalong with the national planning, with the country inbestments in the great tehran ،andthe basic operational and body changes have been created in the are 4, along with thenational and regional activities. The research, as well as review of above changes, haveprovided som methods in the light of reduction of the regional and areal problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The evaluation of antibacterial activity of TiO2 nanoparticles , EDTA and garlic on standard strain of Pseudomonas aeroginusa by microdilution method
مینا سعادت شهلا رودبارمحمدی رمضانعلی خاوری نژاد الهام تقویImportance of microbial contamination in food industrial is always important health problemespecially in high risk population such as children and old individual. TiO2 nanoparticles wereobtained through the hydrolysis of TiCl4 (Titanium tetrachloride).It was slowly adde MoreImportance of microbial contamination in food industrial is always important health problemespecially in high risk population such as children and old individual. TiO2 nanoparticles wereobtained through the hydrolysis of TiCl4 (Titanium tetrachloride).It was slowly added intodistilled water under constant rotation for 5 hours. This Solution was dried at the 80-100 0C andcalcinated at the 5500C. Size and type of these Nanoparticles were characterized by scanningelectron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray-: Diffraction (XRD) pseudomonas aeroginusa strain(ATCC 27853) were cultured on nutrient agar medium (NA) for 24h at 370C. Suspension byconcentration 1×106 cells/ml was prepared. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test forTiO2 and EDTA and garlic were evaluated.Evaluation of Morphology and diameter of the TiO2 nanoparticles with SEM showed thatnanoparticles were spherical with diameter between 40-65nm. MIC of TiO2 and EDTA andgarlic on pseudomonas aeroginusa ATCC27853 were 2/2, 24/92 and 40 μg/ml respectively.In this study we synthesized the TiO2 nanoparticles with chemical method and showed that ithas antimicrobial activity compared with garlic, EDTA and positive control, so it couldeliminate Pseudomonas aeroginusa in field of food industrial specially in packaging. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Analysis of pathology in the gills of Abu mullet (Liza abu) affected by Musa creek water contamination
زهرا سلیمانی نگین سلامات علیرضا صفاهیه احمد سواری محمدتقی رونقMarine pollution is one of the main concerns of countries surrounding the Persian Gulf whichreceives a great deal of contaminations such as petroleum chemicals and heavy metals daily. Inthis regard, histological changes in gill were used as a biomarker to evaluate the h MoreMarine pollution is one of the main concerns of countries surrounding the Persian Gulf whichreceives a great deal of contaminations such as petroleum chemicals and heavy metals daily. Inthis regard, histological changes in gill were used as a biomarker to evaluate the health of themarine fish species Liza abu, collected from different sampling sites in Mussa creeks. In thepresent study, 50 L. abuwere collected from different sampling sites in Mussa creeks including:1. Petrochemical, 2. Gaafari, 3. Magidieh, 4. Ghazaleh and 5. Zangi. The gills of fish were fixedin Bouin‘s solution for 12 h. Five-micrometer thick sections were obtained and were stained inhematoxylin/eosin for examination in light microscopy. Pathological changes in the gill of Lizaabu species including hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the lamellar cells, oedema, lamellarfusion, increase of mucus and chloride cells. Histopathological alteration index was determinedon the basis of frequency of pathological changes in gill species Liza abu. The most amount ofHAI for gill were observed at the Petrochemical station (p<0.05). It is probably due to extensivevarious petrochemical industries which surrounding this part of creek and a great deal ofcontaminations such as petroleum chemical and heavy metals daily discharge into it. The leastamount of HAI was related to Zangi station. The result obtained in the present study showedthat the environmental contaminants in Mussa creek coused to neumerous histopatholigicalalternations in gills of Liza abu species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - In vitro evaluation of antifungal effect and morphological change due to essential oil of Cuminum cyminum on Fusarium verticillioides on isolated from Iran
علیرضا مختاری علیرضا خسروی تقی زهرایی صالحیFungi like Fusarium species that have generally been referred to as farm fungi, in terms oftoxicity and toxin production are prominent in their group. The most important fumonisin toxinis fumonisin B1. Fusarium toxins are generally produced at lower temperature than opt MoreFungi like Fusarium species that have generally been referred to as farm fungi, in terms oftoxicity and toxin production are prominent in their group. The most important fumonisin toxinis fumonisin B1. Fusarium toxins are generally produced at lower temperature than optimumgrowth temperature. Fumonisin is a toxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides. In recent yearsdue to ecological changes and increased soil nitrogen levels, fusarium contaminations haveincreased. In present study effect of essential oil (EO) of Cuminum cyminum on Fusariumverticillioides isolated in Iran were determined in vitro by micro dillution method.The main EO active ingredient of Cuminum cyminum is aldehydecuminic. This EO is watersoluble. This research was performed inon14 isolated. The drug sensitivity tests were performedaccording to standard methods Broth Micro dillution NLCCLS-M38A2. The tests were repeatedtwice.MIC (Minimum inhibition concentration) frequency of EO was 0.195 μg/mlwith42.84%susceptible isolate and the least frequent was in concentration0.293μg/mlwith7.14% susceptibleisolate. MFC (Minimum fungicidal concentration) frequency distribution was0.39 μg/ml with42.84% susceptible strains and lowest frequency of susceptible isolate were 0.146,0.293and0.586 μg/ml with 7.14%. The results indicate effectiveness of this essential oilinhibited the growth of Fusarium verticillioides. EO effect on transformation the fungus conidiawere proved by microscopic examination. MIC and MFC of cuminum cyminum EO on differentisolate of F. verticillioides were calculated 0.097-0.39μg/ml and 0.146-0.781μg/mlrespectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Anticancer Effects of Glucan Polysaccharide of Fusarium spp and Its Chemical Analysis by FT-IR and HPLC
, B. Salehi , M. Bayat , M. Dezfulian , A Sabokbar , B. TabaraieCancer is the second factor of death in world on the basis of WHO reports on 2018. Application of fungal polysaccharides is one of the cheaper, less dangerous, less side effects, and newer in the treatment and prophylaxis of cancer. Object of this research is isolation MoreCancer is the second factor of death in world on the basis of WHO reports on 2018. Application of fungal polysaccharides is one of the cheaper, less dangerous, less side effects, and newer in the treatment and prophylaxis of cancer. Object of this research is isolation and identification of endemic fusarium fungus, its glucan extraction, determination of chemical characteristics by HPLCand FT-IR and anticancer effects on cell lines of LCL, Hela.In this study fusarium fungus was isolated from soil of karaj district and identified on the basis of microscopic and macroscopic and genetical characteristics as a fusarium genus .Then fungus was grown into selective broth medium for obtaining of the most biomass for extraction of glucan .Glucan of fungus was extracted by boiling water method.Different amounts of extracted glucan were treated to the cell cultures of lcl and Hela and its cytotoxicity effects were surveyed.Results showed that glucan polysaccharide had anticancer effects against cell lines of LCL and no anticancer effects against Hela cell lines. Cytotoxicity effects of glucan showed by colorimetry MTT method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Examining the Usability of Islamic Thesaurus-based Offline Databases Based on ISO 9241 and ISO 16982
Seyed Mehdi Taheri Davood Shadpoori Masoud Razmi Shendi Yaghoub NorouziPurpose: The aim of this study was to find out the usability of Islamic thesaurus-based offline databases based on ISO 9241 and ISO 16982. Methods: The research was applied through an analytical survey method. The Statistical population contains 30 researchers of Isla MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to find out the usability of Islamic thesaurus-based offline databases based on ISO 9241 and ISO 16982. Methods: The research was applied through an analytical survey method. The Statistical population contains 30 researchers of Islamic sciences. To gather information and collect data, the questionnaire technique were used. Findings: The researchers were answered the questions about Figh principles databaseswith the following rating: to those related to criterion “navigation”, 52/2% responded "yes", 33/1% responded "approximately" and 19/5% answered "no" and about questions relating to the criterion "search", 40/7% responded yes, 35/2% responded approximately, and 28/9% answered “no”. About Quranic science database the answers related to criterion “navigation”, have this rating: 53/7% responded "yes", 29/5% responded "approximately" and 21/2% answered "no", and about the criterion "search", 46/8% responded "yes", 26/6% responded "approximately", 27/9% answered "no". Conclusion: From the viewpoint of the researchers, the databases examined support almost half of the features of the search and navigation criteria and the other half should be considered for improving the usability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Elam and Elamites in the Bible
میلاد Jahangirfar فرزانه GoshtasbThe name “Elam” recurs in the Bible in various places. It is first mentioned as the name of one of Noa’s descendants, and after that we come across Elam or Elam’s house repeatedly. Beside Elam, which is a personal name, Kedorlaumer is also mentio MoreThe name “Elam” recurs in the Bible in various places. It is first mentioned as the name of one of Noa’s descendants, and after that we come across Elam or Elam’s house repeatedly. Beside Elam, which is a personal name, Kedorlaumer is also mentioned in Genesis, Jubilees and Jasher. This Elamite king was a powerful ruler who dominated his opponents and took them under his command. Besides the name Elam, either as a person or as a land or independent political entity, Susa and Elimaite are also mentioned in the Bible and the apocrypha. On the whole, it sees that Elam and the Elamites have played a very important role in the history of the people who wrote different books of the Bible, although there are also prophecies about their destruction and annihilation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Sufi Institutions in Mamluk Jerusalem and Their Social and Cultural Functions
batul sheikh Masoumali panjeh فهیمه MokhberThis article examines the formation and expansion of three main institutions of Sufism including Khānqah, ribāṭ, and zāwīyah in Jerusalem during the Mamluk period and raises the question of what was the function of those institutions in the social and cultural life of t MoreThis article examines the formation and expansion of three main institutions of Sufism including Khānqah, ribāṭ, and zāwīyah in Jerusalem during the Mamluk period and raises the question of what was the function of those institutions in the social and cultural life of the city. According to the findings of this study, thirty Sufi institutions including seven khānqahs, six ribāṭs and 17 zāwīyahs were founded in Jerusalem during this period. The founders of the khānqahs and Ribāṭs were mainly Mamluk Sultans and Amirs, but the Zāwīyahs were instituted by the Sufi sheikhs. In addition to their educational and pedagogic functions, those institutions also had a large social and cultural function of accommodation and hospitality. By that they legitimize the Mamluk rulers, as the main founders and financiers of the institutions and so they used them to strengthen the religious foundations of their monarchy. The formation and expansion of Sufi institutions during this period was also one of the important factors in restoring the Islamic identity of Jerusalem and the Islamization of the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Development of a New Formulation for Low Fat and Functional Sausage
Elnaz Zeinalzadeh Maryam Mizani Mohammad Chamani Abbas GeramiIntroduction: It has been proved that certain dietary fat and cholesterol cause cardiovascular diseases and obesity and there is an increasing consumers’ demand for low fat and low calorie food products. Therefore the aim of this research work is to develop and fo MoreIntroduction: It has been proved that certain dietary fat and cholesterol cause cardiovascular diseases and obesity and there is an increasing consumers’ demand for low fat and low calorie food products. Therefore the aim of this research work is to develop and formulate a low fat meat product namely the functional sausage.Materials and Methods: In order to reduce the fat and cholesterol contents of the product and produce a low fat and functional sausage, 25% of full fat meat (17% fat) in the formulation was replaced with 1.2% and 1.7% dietary fiber, (z-trim originated from corn) and calcium gluconate (20% RDA) as a calcium source. A series of physicochemical tests were carried out on the formulated product to understand the behavior of finished low fat, functional sausage.Results: The results indicated that the fat, cholesterol and calorie contents were reduced by 34%-63%, 35%-51% and 27%-46% respectively as compared to the control.Conclusion: A combination of corn z-trim and calcium gluconate improves the physicochemical and nutritional properties as well as the emulsification quality of the formulated product. 1.7% z-trim and calcium gluconate was selected as the best formulation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - The Effect of Partial Replacement of Meat with Gelatin on the Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Sausage
نادیا Shokraneh مریم Mizani S. E. Hosseini عسگر Farahnaki عباس GeramiIntroduction: In the formulation of meat products such as sausages, some non meat proteinsand non protein hydrocolloids are usually employed to improve the rheological properties,nutritional value and reduce the fat content, therefore gelatin might be considered as an o MoreIntroduction: In the formulation of meat products such as sausages, some non meat proteinsand non protein hydrocolloids are usually employed to improve the rheological properties,nutritional value and reduce the fat content, therefore gelatin might be considered as an optionamong others. In this study, bone- gelatin gel has been used in beef sausage in order to reducethe amount of meat and also evaluate its effect on the physicochemical and sensory propertiesof the final product.Materials and Methods: Physicochemical analysis (moisture, ash, protein, fat, pH, bloomand viscosity) have been accomplished on bovine bone gelatin. A 20% gel of gelatin wasprepared and used at the concentrations of 0, 3, 5 and 10% as meat substitute in the sausageformulation. Samples were produced in two batches and analyzed for chemical, physical andsensory characteristics.Results: Moisture and fat contents of all of the samples were lower than the control, thereforein sausage with 10% gelatin, the highest reductions (3.69 and 3.87%, respectively) wereobserved. The results of texture profile analysis showed that by increasing gelatinconcentration in the formulation, the hardness was decreased but cohesiveness was increased.Meanwhile the addition of gelatin leads to an increase in the parameter b* as compared to thecontrol. All of the gelatin- containing samples obtained higher scores from overallacceptability aspect in the sensory tests.Conclusion: According to the results regarding physicochemical and sensory tests, thesample containing 5% gelatin gel might be selected as the most suitable formulation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Effect of Sesame and Soybean Meal Mixture on Physicochemical, Textural Properties of Sausage
Z. Izadkhasti M. Fazel H. AbbasiIntroduction: In this study, according to the increasing production of meat products with higher nutritional value, the flour of sesame press cake, which is the waste of sesame seed oil extraction factory, was used as a low-priced supplement and rich in protein, fiber a MoreIntroduction: In this study, according to the increasing production of meat products with higher nutritional value, the flour of sesame press cake, which is the waste of sesame seed oil extraction factory, was used as a low-priced supplement and rich in protein, fiber and minerals, together with soy meal in the formulation of sausage of 40% chicken meat. Materials and Methods: Soy and sesame meal at concentrations of 2, 4, and 6% (100% sesame meal, 50% sesame meal and 50% soy meal, 100% soy meal) were added to the product to replace the wheat flour and compared to the control concerning the physicochemical (pH and moisture), color and textural properties of the samples (hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness and shear force). Results: By assessing the physicochemical and textural properties of the samples during storage period, the amount of pH, hardness and shear force increased and moisture content and cohesiveness, L*, a* and b* of the samples decreased and no significant change was observed in the springiness of the samples. Increasing the amount of substitution in the samples caused increases in L* of the samples and shear force and reduced the amount of pH, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and a* of the samples. On the other hand, by increasing the ratio of sesame meal, the moisture content, pH, hardness, shear force, cohesiveness, b* and a* of the samples were reduced. Conclusion: The use of sesame meal and soya in production of German sausage can produce acceptable product concerned with physicochemical and textural properties and higher nutritional value. The substitution of 3% sesame meal and 3% soy meal was introduced as the best sample. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The Effect of Replacing Chicken Paste with Gelatin Chicken Feet on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Hot Dog Chicken Sausage
M. Milani A.R. Rahman S.E. HoseiniIntroduction: Gelatin is one of the most important biopolymers that is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. High demand for halal food has increased the need for gelatin in the food industry. Gelatin is one of the few proteins suitable for industrial produ MoreIntroduction: Gelatin is one of the most important biopolymers that is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. High demand for halal food has increased the need for gelatin in the food industry. Gelatin is one of the few proteins suitable for industrial production using by-products of meat factories.Materials and Methods: Gelatin was extracted from chicken feet and subjected to physicochemical tests (moisture, ash, protein, fat, pH and extraction efficiency). It was substituted in chicken hot dog sausage formulation at five levels of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% instead of chicken paste. Physicochemical and sensory properties of sausages containing gelatin chicken feet were investigated with a control sample during 45 days of storage. Five samples of hot dog sausages were prepared in three replications and the average quantitative and qualitative characteristics were compared using Duncan test at a significant level of five percent (p<0.05) using SPSS software version 21.Results: Gelatin from chicken feet was extracted by acidic method and the results showed the amount of ash; 2.45%, moisture; 6.5%, protein; 82.39%, fat; zero%, pH before and after drying 3.2 and 6.5 respectively and extraction efficiency (based on fresh weight) was 5.43%. The results showed that by adding gelatin chicken feet instead of a part of chicken paste in hot dog sausage, the amount of ash and protein increased (p≥0.05) and the amount of fat decreased significantly (p<0.05). By increasing gelatin chicken feet in chicken hot dog sausage, pH, humidity and cooking loss and sensory (taste, color, texture and overall acceptance) decreased significantly (p≥0.05). During the storage period, by increasing storage time from the day of production to the 45th day, the pH increased significantly (p≥0.05), the amount of moisture, cooking loss and sensory properties (taste, color, texture and overall acceptance) decreased (p≥0.05) in all treatments. On the 45th day, maintenance of texture properties (hardness, gumminess, chewiness) decreased (p<0.05) while the reduction of cohesiveness and elasticity was not significant.Conclusion: According to the results concluded the treatment containing 25% gelatin from chicken feet was the superior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The Effect of Coating with Green Tea Extract and Collagen Fiber on Quality Attributes of Vacuum Packaged Sausage
N. Shokraneh P. Ariaii F. Rasouli Ghahrodi F. Hasannia S. Sabbaghpour -
Open Access Article
67 - Evaluating the effects of energy and economic growth on Carbon dioxide emission (using spatial panel data)
hedayat hossinzadeh mehdi moradiBackground and Objective: Energy is one of the most important inputs in production. Energy usage and energy diffusion of fossil fuels in process of production cause greenhouse gases (CO2) emission and destruction of environment. According to the importance of issues lik MoreBackground and Objective: Energy is one of the most important inputs in production. Energy usage and energy diffusion of fossil fuels in process of production cause greenhouse gases (CO2) emission and destruction of environment. According to the importance of issues like energy usage and economic growth, this paper, concerning the effects of proximity, evaluates the effects of energy usage and economic growth on emission of Carbon dioxide (CO2) in MENA Zone countries during the period of 1994-2013. In every country, greenhouse gases (CO2) emission is the function of not only domestic factors but also economic activities of neighboring countries. Material and Methodology: In order to investigate the impact of energy consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in the Middle East and North Africa, LM test was used to examine the spatial dependence between variables and then the research model was estimated using the spatial panel data approach.Findings: The results of the model estimation indicate that proximity effect is verified in the model studying on. Also, the results show that log variable of energy usage has positive and significant effect on CO2 emission. Log variable of income per capita affects CO2 emission positively and significantly, and square log variable of per capita income has negative and significant effect on dependent variable.Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the research results, the environmental hypothesis of Kuznets is accepted for the studied countries. Therefore, reducing energy consumption can be suggested as a way to reduce pollution. Taking into account the effect of technology, two strategies can be proposed: firstly, the improvement of the technology of using fossil energies to increase energy efficiency and reduce pollution, and secondly, the use of renewable energy carriers and clean fuels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Perspectives and and behavior of those referring to Tehran Central Fruit and Vegetable Market about the consumption of plastic bags in Tehran
Shabnam Sadegholbayan Nastaran Keshavarz Mohammadi Narges Abdipour Masoud MotassadiBackground and Objective: Consumption of plastic bags, apart from environmental, health and social problems that it creates, leads to many economic consequences. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the educational status, attitude, preferences and behavior MoreBackground and Objective: Consumption of plastic bags, apart from environmental, health and social problems that it creates, leads to many economic consequences. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the educational status, attitude, preferences and behavior of those referring to Tehran Central Fruit and Vegetable Market about the use of plastic bags in Tehran.Material and Methodology: The study population of this descriptive cross-sectional study was 1220 men and women aged 18 years and older referring to Tehran Central Fruit and Vegetable Market in 22 districts of Tehran. Sampling method was stratified cluster sampling. Using a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire, the research population was randomly selected. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.Findings: The most common consensus about the reasons for the increase in plastic bags in Iran was the ease of use of these bags (56%) and the lack of suitable alternatives (53.7%). The most consensus about the best solution to reduce plastic bag consumption, education and culture (51.3%) and the availability of suitable alternatives (45.3%) and the least consensus about it, proper packaging (0.5%) and increase in production and consumption taxes on plastic bags (2.5%). The majority of people were inclined to receive training as well as to use alternative shopping bags. Overall, the attitude of the participants in the study was good and was reflected in their behavior. The majority of customers (97.1%) agreed that educating the people about the better consumption of plastic bags was the best solution of reducing the consumption of plastic bags followed by 96.1% who agreed with better management systems.Discussion and Conclusion: The high readiness of people to help solving the problem of increasing the plastic bag consumption should be taken into account by managers. It seems that people are not yet properly prepared to accept legal and economic interventions to reduce the consumption of plastic bags and have focused more on more education and easy access. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Zonning, distribution and sources of TPH and heavy metals in Mahshahr Bay sediments, Persian Gulf
Alireza Vaezi Abdolreza Karbassi Alireza Valikhani Samani Mehdi Heidari Mojtaba Fakhraee Alireza RahmatiIntroduction: Petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals are considered as common environmental contaminants and a worldwide concern. The aim of this study was to determine sediment contamination and to perform ecological risk assessments in the Mahshahr Bay. Material and MoreIntroduction: Petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals are considered as common environmental contaminants and a worldwide concern. The aim of this study was to determine sediment contamination and to perform ecological risk assessments in the Mahshahr Bay. Material and Methods: Sediment samples were collected from the coastal area of the Petrochemical Special Economic Zone of Musa Estuary, which is located at the northwest of the Persian Gulf. Thirty-tow surficial sediment samples were collected. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of the sediment samples was determined using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Also, the concentration of metals (Al, As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Sr and Zn) in surface sediment samples was determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Results: The average TPH concentration in the study area was 42 mg/kg. The highest TPH value was recorded at station 8. There was a significant difference between concentration of Al and the correspondent mean crust. Conclusion: The contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (Cd), modified degree of contamination (mcd) and Pollution load index (PLI) revealed overall low values for metals. The average TPH concentration in the study area was 42 mg/kg indicating that the region could be slightly polluted. Cluster analysis was indicative of oil origin for Ni and Cr. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - A Study on the Effects of Food Industry Sewage on the Agricultural Water in Dezful
neda mohamadi Ali Dadolahi sohrabFood industries are one of the most important industries in our country that have significant ratio in the production of crop, the usage of water and the production of sewage. Food industries located in Dezful consist of: Golestan Agric-industrial Company (Saei oil), De MoreFood industries are one of the most important industries in our country that have significant ratio in the production of crop, the usage of water and the production of sewage. Food industries located in Dezful consist of: Golestan Agric-industrial Company (Saei oil), Dez Dasht Company (Takin meaty productions), Khuzestan leaven Company and poultry Company that their sewage vacates into agricultural drain. This research is aimed on the effect of company sewage in the quality of drain waste for agricultural usages under the support and protection of General agency of Khuzestan Environmental Protection. Considering the facilities and restriction, it's considered sampling four stations around each factory, first station (upward factory as first Shahed), second station (exit sewage factory), third station (200 meter from drainage), forth station (500 meter from drainage). Samples are done in both summer and winter. Physical-chemical parameters of water and sewage in each factory such as PH, turbidity, ISS, EC, BOD, COD,, , oil and fat, phosphate, Koli Form sums, Nickel, Kadiom and Iron are analyzed. Statistical analysis on final results from sampling of observational stations showed that there wasn't a meaningful difference in % 95 confidence levels between measured parameter in both summer and winter in all factories. Also, there wasn't a meaningful difference in both summer and winter with the same confidence level between stations. The discussion on changing the procedure showed the more increase of factories from Shahed station and their decrease in 4 stations (500meter); however, they had maximum distance from standard of Iran Environmental Protection Agency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Analyzing the climatic usage balcony in the residential buildings of Tabriz on the basis of national provisions of building
Hassan Ebrahimi Asl Ramin Kalantar Elnaz Haji ValiliBackground and Objective : According to the equality Terms and conditions of twenty-two national building regulations topics in all cities of Iran and being forced to run them around the country, balcony design course is the same in terms of size and its only appearance MoreBackground and Objective : According to the equality Terms and conditions of twenty-two national building regulations topics in all cities of Iran and being forced to run them around the country, balcony design course is the same in terms of size and its only appearance is different. However, each climate has its own requirements for the design. The aim of this article is study about balcony climate features in residential buildings in Tabriz, according to the national building regulations. Method: This article is based on analytical-descriptive research collecting information based on documents and comparative.At first, by using the canopy depth formula, canopy depth and penetration of sunlight into the buildings in Tabriz are calculated and once again, this process is repeated according to the national building regulations, and finally the results are checked through the two methods. Findings: In the condition of N=0, the difference in penetration of sun in the south side of building, between regulations and optimum condition is 71 cm, and in the condition of N=15, is 59 cm. Discussion and Conclusion: the results show that, balcony with only climate feature and using as a canopy, with depth of 1.2m is more than enough and it is absorbing the sunshine to enter into the building. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - A new model for evaluation of Iran’s ecological capabilities to establish service and civil development application (case study: district 22 of Tehran
Seyed Ali Jozi Sahar RezaianAbstract Ecological capability evaluation is to realize the potentialities of a land in the form of expected and achievable applications. This study is aimed to design a new model for service and civil development application to be employed in the evaluation of the coun MoreAbstract Ecological capability evaluation is to realize the potentialities of a land in the form of expected and achievable applications. This study is aimed to design a new model for service and civil development application to be employed in the evaluation of the country’s ecological capability studies. To this end, first the frequency of sustainable and unsustainable ecological factors inIranwas identified. Then, theDelphimethod which is a branch of phase theory methods was used. Prioritization of effective ecological factors and assessment of the frequency value of each factor were made by completing 750 questionnaires for desired branches (Delphigroup). The gathered data were analyzed using SPSS software version 11.0. After being designed, the model was introduced to the geographical information system using Arc info program. The model’s sensitivity analysis test was done with the purpose of determining the extent to which favorable responses are affected by certain changes in the target function through Simplex method using lingo software. This model is used in the evaluation of ecological capability at the time of analyzing the ecological resources of the field under examination and after preparing the map of environmental units. In fact, environmental units map is considered as the fundamental map in ecological capability evaluation studies. To asses the capabilities of the new method, ecological capability of District 22 in the city ofTehranwas evaluated as a case study and the service and civil development application map was prepared using Arc view GIS 3.2a program. The results of the study show that the points given to environmental units vary from zero to sixty-five. Such restricting factors as the existence of some environmental units along the river bank, fold passages, and hilly areas prevent these units from being allocated to service and civil development applicati Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Muscle and Liver of Shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum) in Khor Musa
Eshagh hashemi Mohamad Ali Salari Ali Abadi Alireza Safahieh Kamal GhanemiBackground and Objective: In this study, the levels of heavy metals (mercury, zinc, copper, cadmium and lead) were measured in the liver and muscle tissues of Bamboo Shark in Khor Musa. Method: To do the process, after drying and digestion of samples, the concentration MoreBackground and Objective: In this study, the levels of heavy metals (mercury, zinc, copper, cadmium and lead) were measured in the liver and muscle tissues of Bamboo Shark in Khor Musa. Method: To do the process, after drying and digestion of samples, the concentration of mercury samples was measured and it was found that the level of whole metals in liver was higher than in muscle. The metal concentrations in liver and muscle tissue were obtained according to the following order Zn> Cu> Hg> Pb> Cd and Zn> Hg> Cu, respectively. The concentration of two nonessential metals, cadmium and lead, was not detected in muscle. There was a significant difference between the level of metals in liver and muscle. Also, level of mercury in liver and muscle showed a direct correlation with shark’s weight and length. Conclusion: Comparison of metal concentrations in liver and muscle with various world standards indicated that only the level of mercury is higher than standard limits. High accumulation of mercury in the animal’s body is likely originated from mercury sources such as petrochemical plants. Hence, considering all the obtained data, it is highly advised to have a constant monitoring over the aquatic animals, certainly edible ones, existing in the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Evaluation of Ni, Pb and V concentrations in egg contents and Eggshell of Sterna bengalensis and Dromas ardeola in Khourmousa Islands, Persian Gulf
Nastaran Khademi Alireza Riyahi-Bakhtiari Soheil SobhanardakaniBackground and Objective: Nowadays, it has been revealed that biomonitoring can be the optimal method for evaluating metal levels and their bio-availability. Birds are ideal for monitoring metal pollution due to being in high trophic levels and their high sensitivity to MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, it has been revealed that biomonitoring can be the optimal method for evaluating metal levels and their bio-availability. Birds are ideal for monitoring metal pollution due to being in high trophic levels and their high sensitivity to toxic substances. Method: The levels of nickel, lead, and vanadium were evaluated in egg contents and eggshell of Dromas ardeola (n=14), and Sterna bengalensis (n=13), breeding in the northwestern Persian Gulf. Findings: Levels of Ni, Pb and V (µg/kg dry weight) in the eggshell of Sterna bengalensis were found to be 51±16, 293±89, 82±5 respectively, and also the level of these metals (µg/kg dry weight) in egg contents of this species were found to be 47±8, 374±134, 96±7 respectively. Levels of Ni, Pb and V (µg/kg dry weight) in the eggshell of Dromas ardeola were found to be 46±18, 228±43, 73±12 respectively, and also the level of these metals (µg/kg dry weight) in egg contents of this species were found to be 36±8, 244±43, 95±3 respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that Sterna bengalensis, because of feeding from the higher levels of the food chain, has a greater potential for bioaccumulation of metals as compared to Dromas ardeola, and can be used as a biological indicator Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Volatility of financial stress index on consumer overflow check indicator, the Producer Price Index and Consumer Price Index, with an emphasis on models GARCH-BEKK, VAR and Granger causality
rohollah rezazadeh hashem nikomaram Mirfeiz Falah ShamsDuring financial stress, the impact of financial stress shocks on economic activity may be different from what is usually observed at normal times. Therefore, it is appropriate to examine how the effects of the strategic impact on economic activity are investigated duri MoreDuring financial stress, the impact of financial stress shocks on economic activity may be different from what is usually observed at normal times. Therefore, it is appropriate to examine how the effects of the strategic impact on economic activity are investigated during the period of financial instability. In this paper, considering the above discussion, the effect of the deteriorating financial conditions of the Iranian economy and its impact on macroeconomic variables during the years1391 to 1396 has been investigated. For this purpose, in this research, we intend to study the impact of fluctuations of financial stress index fluctuations on consumer price index, producer price index and consumer price index by constructing financial stress index using representatives of different markets. Therefore, using the GARCH two-variable BEKK model and also the VAR model, the effects of shock and fluctuations between them were tested and then the relationship between them was investigated by Granger's causality test. The results indicate that there is a two-way relationship between the financial stress index with the consumer index in the short run, but in the study of the causality relationship between the financial stress index and the price index producing the causality tests and var indicate that the relationship They do not exist between them, but the results of the garch test indicate a meaningful relationship between these two indices Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - عنوان مقاله / English Daily Stock Price Movement Prediction Using Sentiment text mining of social network and data mining of Technical indicators
Kamel Ebrahimian ebrahim abbasi Akbar Alam tabriz Amir MohammadzadehThis study predicts the future movement of stock prices in the short term by using the analysis of investors' opinions on the social network. The predictability of stock markets, due to having a complex, dynamic and nonlinear system that it has always been one of the ch MoreThis study predicts the future movement of stock prices in the short term by using the analysis of investors' opinions on the social network. The predictability of stock markets, due to having a complex, dynamic and nonlinear system that it has always been one of the challenges for researchers. In this research, for the first time, we developed a model with 72.08%accuracy for predicting stock movement and predicting the trend by analyzing the feelings of users' opinions and combining it with 20 technical indicators and we use three data mining algorithms include decision tree, Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine. According to the results, the support vector machine showed better performance than the other algorithms. It was also found that the next day trading volume and the number of comments have a significant correlation and the results of Granger causality test showed can be used to predict stock price and also it took advantage of the aggregation of users' daily emotions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Designing a model for identifying auditors' stress triggers
asgar amiri nader rezaei asgar pakmaram Rasoul ABDIThe complexity of business transactions and the demand for relevant and reliable information in decision-making necessitate a fair system of information flow between the respondent and the respondent. Applying tender criteria in the use of accreditation services, conduc MoreThe complexity of business transactions and the demand for relevant and reliable information in decision-making necessitate a fair system of information flow between the respondent and the respondent. Applying tender criteria in the use of accreditation services, conducting audits under time budget pressure, trying to satisfy the client, and financial scandals of business units, cast doubt on the judgments applied. At present, the causal, intervening, and contextual conditions, strategies, and consequences of auditors' stress arousal have not been investigated. Therefore, in this study, an attempt has been made to design a pattern of auditors' stress arousal using contextual theorizing method. This research is of qualitative and exploratory type. This study was conducted by interviewing experts in the field of theoretical foundations of auditing and psychology and by conducting 17 interviews in 2021 by snowball sampling method, has been saturated. The results showed that the most important causal conditions that provoke auditors' stress are: inflexibility, time budget deviations, management control in auditing firms, lack of expertise, level of risk assessment, ambiguity in opportunistic behavior and risk, respectively. The client, the size of the audit work, the client's environmental pressure, the incompleteness of accounting systems and internal controls, the degree of collaboration of the client's staff and the new client. According to experts, the lack of flexibility in the auditor is one of the factors affecting the auditors' stress arousal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Granger causality analysis in mean patterns to measure the number of lags of the cross-correlation between the standard residuals of returns and trading volume in crisis situation
Mohammad Hasan Saleh Fazel Mohammadi Nodeh mojtaba maleki choobariThis study investigates the analysis of Granger causality in mean patterns to measure the number of lags of the cross-correlation between the standard-residuals of returns and the volume of transactions during the crisis period. For this purpose, based on daily data fro MoreThis study investigates the analysis of Granger causality in mean patterns to measure the number of lags of the cross-correlation between the standard-residuals of returns and the volume of transactions during the crisis period. For this purpose, based on daily data from April 2020 to April 2021, structural breakpoints were first determined and then the relationship between the volume of daily transactions and price changes of the Tehran Stock Exchange was investigated using the GARCH-ARMA model. Finally, the causality was investigated in the average between returns and volume of transactions for each sub-period. The results showed when the prices fall sharply during the crisis period, market participants tend to use the volume of past transactions to predict current returns. Also, the results showed when there is an upward price movement in the post-crisis period, it is observed the correlations are significant from lag 2 to 20. These observations suggest causality-in-the-mean between both series occurs asymmetrically after the crisis period. Such asymmetric behavior supports the trader heterogeneity hypothesis from two perspectives, firstly, the degree of significant cross-correlation between the standardized residuals of both series is stronger in the highest interval before the crisis than after the crisis. Second, the time frame for past trading volume to correlate with current returns becomes longer after the crisis. The results of the research can be used to predict stock prices at a time when we are facing the fall of the stock market and the emergence of behavioral phenomena, especially negative market sentiments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Identifying the causal and effect factors affecting organizational silence using the Fuzzy Dimtel method in Khorasan Razavi financial and investment companies.
azam ghasemiToday, many organizations ask their employees to be more creative, express more and accept more responsibility. The silence of employees, by limiting employees' comments, reduces the effectiveness of change processes, and many organizations complain about it. By prevent MoreToday, many organizations ask their employees to be more creative, express more and accept more responsibility. The silence of employees, by limiting employees' comments, reduces the effectiveness of change processes, and many organizations complain about it. By preventing negative feedback, the behavioral phenomenon hinders effective organizational transformation and development, so the organization loses the ability to investigate and correct errors. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to this common problem in organizations.The main goal of the current research is to provide a method for identifying and prioritizing factors affecting organizational silence using the Fuzzy Dimtel method in Khorasan Razavi investment companies. The statistical population of this research consists of 12 experts in the field of financial management and investment in "financial and investment institutions" who were selected based on the purposeful sampling approach. In this research, by studying the theoretical foundations of internal and external research, he identified 25 factors affecting organizational silence in these companies, which include managerial factors, employee factors, and organizational factors.In the present study, two questionnaires were used to collect data. In order to analyze the data, two methods of Fuzzy Dimetal and t-test were used. Then, Fuzzy Dimetal test was performed to identify the influential (causal) and influential (disabled) factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Evaluating the Relationship between Tehran Stock Exchange and Istanbul Stock Exchange: Causality and Co-Integration
Javad Shekar Khah Sina Enayatollahi Ahmad MoiedfardStock markets are one of the most important parts of each economy. Identifying the effective factors on them helps to have an economy with good indicators. Identifying these factors leads to better policymaking and investment in the capital market. This paper evaluates MoreStock markets are one of the most important parts of each economy. Identifying the effective factors on them helps to have an economy with good indicators. Identifying these factors leads to better policymaking and investment in the capital market. This paper evaluates the relationship between Tehran Stock Exchange and Istanbul Stock Exchange during March 13, 2001 to November 6, 2015 by daily data. Granger causality method and Johansen cointegration test were used for investigating the causality and cointegration between two stocks respectively. The result showed that there was a unidirectional Granger causality from Istanbul Exchange Stock to Tehran Stock Exchange. Also, the descriptive statistics showed the high correlation between two stocks. Finally, the result of Johansen cointegration test didn't confirm the existence of cointegration vector and long-run relationship between two stocks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Examining the relationship between development of Islamic Financial Systems and Foreign Direct Investment
Gholamreza Amini Khiabani Karim HamdiInternational business and corporations’ development are influenced by economic variables, so we are going to investigate the relationship between Islamic Financial System Development (IFSD) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) based on the methods named data panel MoreInternational business and corporations’ development are influenced by economic variables, so we are going to investigate the relationship between Islamic Financial System Development (IFSD) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) based on the methods named data panel techniques including Panel Unit Roots, Panel Co-integration Test, Panel Multivariate Error Correction Model, and Panel Granger Causality. In this research, foreign direct investment related data are gathered from an informational package containing global development factors published by World Bank and UNCTAD informational database in 2015. Meanwhile, four indexes including balance, integration, acceptance, and continuity are available to analyze Islamic Financial System Development based on Islamic development bank latest reports. Result showed an analytical positive and meaningful correlation between foreign direct investment and Islamic Financial System Development during long term and short term periods. Moreover, other evidence explains Granger Strong Causality relationship between the two stated variables. Finally, in order to take more benefit, it is suggested that the exact rule and policy should be run and the fixed exchange rate should be stablished during a financial period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Investigating the Role of Covid-1 Disease in the Emergence of Green Architecture in the Future of Homes Research Based on Causal Layer Analysis (CLA)
Roshanak Nabeghvatan Azita Belali oskui Mohammadali Keynejad Farbod DibaBackground and Aim: With the outbreak of Covid-19 disease and home quarantine, people's lifestyles, which are directly related to home planning, underwent far-reaching changes. Humans have to spend a lot of time at home and have to do all their daily activities from hom MoreBackground and Aim: With the outbreak of Covid-19 disease and home quarantine, people's lifestyles, which are directly related to home planning, underwent far-reaching changes. Humans have to spend a lot of time at home and have to do all their daily activities from home, so with a change in lifestyle, there is a need to change the body and concept of the home, and being prepared to face this change requires recognizing alternative futures for the home. Methods: Using the method of causal layer analysis and deepening in its layers and reciprocating process, and using semi-structured interviews with experts, we identify alternative metaphors and discourses on the subject. Results: Alternative metaphors for the future of the home due to the prevalence of Covid-19 disease include seven items, of which the green house is the most important. Alternative discourses that support alternative metaphors also include naturalism, technological determinism, existentialism, and cultural revision. Discussion and Conclusion: Staying away from nature, means staying away from the original life and as a result creating depression that causes various mental illnesses. Green house will create health and security for the residents and as a result will provide more welfare and comfort. Also, the green house with its special architecture, is able to save energy and conserve more of some house resources. Due to the psychological and economic consequences of home quarantine due to the outbreak of Covid-19 disease, one of the most important elements for the future home is to pay attention to green space, plants, landscape and sustainability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Management of practical pollution reduction of Qomrud River
Saeed yarmohammadi Mahmood Sharieat Seyed masood monavar monavari Parvin farshchiQomrood is one of the rivers which has little water and it flows in the central part of Iran. This river flows from northern regions of Zargos Mountains and it joins Qarechi river in Masileh area and it flows to salt lake of Qom in north east of the city of Qom. Qomroo MoreQomrood is one of the rivers which has little water and it flows in the central part of Iran. This river flows from northern regions of Zargos Mountains and it joins Qarechi river in Masileh area and it flows to salt lake of Qom in north east of the city of Qom. Qomrood river is 19000 square kilometers and the length of its main branch is estimated to be 288 kilometers. This river flows from south east to north east. The main water of this river is provided by Golpayegan Dam. The main and major length of its region is 3724 meters and its minor length is 810 meters in the exit in Masileh area. Two main Dams of Panzdaheh Khordad dam with 200 million square meters capacity and Golpaygan dam with 46/5 million square meters capacity have been made in front of this river. The existence of agricultural land beside the river causes damages to this river. And the river has been made muddy, and it reduced the quality of the river while river has the least water in summer especially around Bahgherabad Bride is very much polluted. To preserve, and cleaning the Ecosystem of Qomrood river realizing the source of pollution around the river and clarifying the type, and amount of pollution and its entrance to river is very much important. Taking sample in accordance with its flowing and its minor branches, and industrial, and agricultural villages, and cities pollution and making the transportation easy and reaching to these sample making centers in different seasons and these places are selected because of its little distance to these centers of Hydrometers. Approximately, there are 8 to 12 centers in the length of Qomrood river and the amount of BOD5, COD,TURB, TEMP, COND, DO,PH have been tested, and from the objects (IDS) in Emamzadeh Abdullah (a.s) Qaleh cham , Khalajabad Bridge, receive the majority of these objects also the main dark TURB is in Qalehcham region Fara asphalte Bridge, Khalajabad Bridge Hamvarlakhah is more than the other centers and sand washing units cause these activities in this regions. Leading the water to panzdaheh khordad Dam and the water is influenced by salty lands menwhile entering the dirty water of Ro system to be cleaned to be cleaned and in Enghelab Bridge of this one of the reasons of increasing the EC of the water of the river. In the studies it has been clarified that agricultural, industrial, man made, and city pollution has made the Ecosystem of the river dirty. Entrance of pollution to the river causes the increase of chemicals and decrease oxygen of water, and it caused the death of water creatures specially fishes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Evaluating Visitors’ Satisfaction from Recreational Facilities Quality Using Multicriteria Satisfaction Analysis (MUSA)
Samaneh Sarhadi Nasab Ali Reza Mikaeili S. Hamed MirkarimiUrbanization developm and urban growth, are the reason of increasing desire to travel and explore, as result the tourists around the globe are trying to develop the leisure. Now day tourism is boom in various regions. Actually the reason of travel and tourism growth is MoreUrbanization developm and urban growth, are the reason of increasing desire to travel and explore, as result the tourists around the globe are trying to develop the leisure. Now day tourism is boom in various regions. Actually the reason of travel and tourism growth is increase in number of leisure. In associate to tourism growth and competitiveness it, we need to develop and enhance the quality and quantity of recreational facilities and equipment. The goal of any development is related to the satisfaction of the managers and the users. In order to improvement of current management methods, one of the important steps is to record the views, preferences and satisfaction of people visiting such areas. The best way to survey is evaluate tourists in associate service quality that they must needs improvement. This way is easy and inexpensive. This paper shows how to multicriteria satisfaction analysis to determine visitors / tourists’ satisfaction is effective. Moreover shows how to gap analysis approach in the context recreational facilities management is useful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Comparative Study of Attar’s “Virtuous Woman” and Boccaccio’s “Thousand and One Night”
Mahboubeh Moslemi ZadehThe present article studies two stories comparatively: “Virtuous Woman” of Attar’s Elahi Nameh – the attempts of a woman who was accused to disloyalty to be honorable and virtuous; thus she was inevitable to move away and became answered invitati MoreThe present article studies two stories comparatively: “Virtuous Woman” of Attar’s Elahi Nameh – the attempts of a woman who was accused to disloyalty to be honorable and virtuous; thus she was inevitable to move away and became answered invitation against the adversity – “thousand and one night” by Boccaccion is a novel about a princess who faces events and accidents during the travel to his husband – Morocco’s king – and had to accept some requests. The aim of this paper is to study two stories – which are from different nations – similarities, the number of events, the travels’ goal, stories’ characters, time, place and the narrators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - The Comparative Literature Role in Islamic Literature Globalization
Touraj Zeini Vand Jahangir Amiri Asqar Hosseini The aim of the present article is to show the comparative literature's role at Islamic literature service and then its transfer to all around the world; because since the formation of comparative literature recognizes Islamic literature as a global one and its e More The aim of the present article is to show the comparative literature's role at Islamic literature service and then its transfer to all around the world; because since the formation of comparative literature recognizes Islamic literature as a global one and its effect on the global literature. Thus we also may draw the main lines of the present article as follows: the factors which helps and will help the Islamic literature globalization.Leili & Majnoon, A thousand and one night, Kalileh and Demneh study the effects on Divine Comedy. It shows that Arabic literature and books have had deep effects on western literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Oppression and Injustice in Al-Rusafi and Farrokhi Yazdi’s Famous Poetries
Fatemeh Gol Naami Morteza GhadimiIraq and Iran have always stood up to domestic and foreign oppression throughout their history of struggles. Maruf Al-Rusafi (1875) Iraqi poet and Farrokhi Yazdi (1889) Iranian liberalism poet have always called on the people to rise up against foreign oppression and co MoreIraq and Iran have always stood up to domestic and foreign oppression throughout their history of struggles. Maruf Al-Rusafi (1875) Iraqi poet and Farrokhi Yazdi (1889) Iranian liberalism poet have always called on the people to rise up against foreign oppression and colonialism and defend their homeland to the extent their patriotic sentiments and calls to fight oppression and injustice are clearly appear through their poetries. These two poets, as representatives of the intellectual and liberalism class of society, were well aware of the evil intentions of the enemies and following the rejection of oppression and tyranny in their own country or in other lands, condemned the actions of aggressors in their poems and fated people and called for an uprising against them. The method of the present study is descriptive – analytical and library resources are applied to explain the manifestations of the struggle of these two poets against oppression and injustice by referring to their poetries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Al-Ghazali's Footsteps in “Tohfa Al Vozara” by Ali Ibn Majd Aldin Shahroudi Bastami (Musannifek)
Mina Sadat Amiraftabi Asghar Dadbeh"Revival of Religious Sciences" book is considered as Ghazali's precious record during his secession. Although the mentioned work has countless opponents and proponents, it has had an everlasting impact on science and literature pioneers. Since “Toh More"Revival of Religious Sciences" book is considered as Ghazali's precious record during his secession. Although the mentioned work has countless opponents and proponents, it has had an everlasting impact on science and literature pioneers. Since “Tohfa Al Vozara” was written four centuries after "Revival of Religious Sciences", it is one of the works that has been influenced by Ghazali's method of promoting sciences and ethics. Of course, this influence is not limited to the structure of the work, but the commonality and similarity of the social conditions of both authors, their intellectual structure and political ideas as well as the sources and references of these two works clearly show the influence of Ghazali's approach and ideas on Ali Shahroudi Bastami. The author intends to introduce “Tohfa Al Vozara” and its writer beside the impact and reflection of Ghazali's ideas in ""Revival of Sciences" on this work. On one hand, the importance of this paper is in dealing with a work that has been written in non-Persian language communities and its author, like the work itself, has remained unknown until now and on the other hand it reveals Ghazali's distinctive and extensive influence throughout the history of Islamic culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Study and analysis of miraculous features in the Allameh Javadi Amoli's Quranic thoughts
Hossein Moqaddas Javad KarkhanehOne of the important points of the miracle in general is the attention to its characteristics, which distinguishes it from other miraculous things such as magic and proves the superiority of the miracle. In this regard, although it can be acknowledged that all Islamic s MoreOne of the important points of the miracle in general is the attention to its characteristics, which distinguishes it from other miraculous things such as magic and proves the superiority of the miracle. In this regard, although it can be acknowledged that all Islamic sects and even Western thinkers believe that the miracles of the prophets are supernatural, but that this supernatural means violation of the law of causality or it is realized in accordance with it, said different words. This article tries to explain some of the most important conditions of miracles in an analytical-descriptive way, such as examining the relationship between habit and nature with miracles, the relationship between miracles and the law of causality, the inevitability of miracles, explaining the perpetrator of miracles and generalizing the challenge in all the miracle of the prophets in the Quranic thoughts of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli. In this regard, the miracle of the prophets is formed in relation with the occult causes, which itself indicates the inability of others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Application of attention industry in Surah Anbiya
Mehrdad Aghaei fazil AbaszadahAbstractThe Holy Quran, as the King of the Book of Existence, despite its abandonment among human societies, especially among Muslims, contains many thematic themes and novelties that all rhetorical and syntactic books have made the most of this great book. . The attent MoreAbstractThe Holy Quran, as the King of the Book of Existence, despite its abandonment among human societies, especially among Muslims, contains many thematic themes and novelties that all rhetorical and syntactic books have made the most of this great book. . The attention industry is one of the most common literary industries used in Arabic and Persian, which has long been used by speakers and writers. The rhetoricians, syntacticians, critics, and commentators have each provided definitions of attention that have changed over time. Therefore, the attitude of the new rhetorician is different from the old rhetoric towards this literary industry. This research aims to examine the difference between the view of rhetoricians at different times in this literary array and also the difference in the amount of examples of this industry in Surah Anbiya in the seventeenth part of the Holy Quran. Pay.Keywords: Holy Quran, Surah Anbiya, Al-Tafat Industry, Usage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Prayer and Ghadr Night from the Point of View of Imam Musa Sadr in Comparison with Those of Other Quran Interpreters
Ata ollah EftekhariPrayer and Ghadr Night are two important and interrelated issues. Interpreters of Holy Quran have paid special attention to them and their relation. The present article reviews most interpreters' views on the verse 186 of Bagharah surah and the beginning verses of Do kh MorePrayer and Ghadr Night are two important and interrelated issues. Interpreters of Holy Quran have paid special attention to them and their relation. The present article reviews most interpreters' views on the verse 186 of Bagharah surah and the beginning verses of Do khan surah on the one hand and those ofImam Musa Sadr on the other and compares these interpretations to find out their similarities and differences. The article finally concludes that Imam Musa Sadrs views are more rational and reasonable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Explaining the relationship between the activity of God and man in the Qur'an with emphasis on the theories of Fakhr Razi
Reza Kahsari Mohammad Reza Amerian Alireza SaberianThe role of man in his actions is one of the important theological and interpretive issues, that is, does man have the power of choice in his actions or is he forced by the divine will and his will has no role in performing actions? Fakhr Razi, a great philosopher, theo MoreThe role of man in his actions is one of the important theological and interpretive issues, that is, does man have the power of choice in his actions or is he forced by the divine will and his will has no role in performing actions? Fakhr Razi, a great philosopher, theologian and commentator of the sixth and seventh centuries, considers human actions as God's creation and believes that man has no authority in performing his actions, and considers man's will and authority to be contrary to monotheism in creation and lordship. He considers the eternal knowledge and divine scope as the cause of the coerciveness of actions and states that just as God is the creator of man, so he is the creator of his actions. In a descriptive-analytical method, the author explores the views of Fakhr and considers his theory to be in conflict with the verses of the Qur'an and the principle of causality. Other results of this research include the cross-sectional relationship between the creation of God and man and the explanation of the relationship between the recording of human deeds in Ommolketab and the coercion of human beings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - A Study of the Theme of Palestine in the Literature of Sustainability in the Poems of Ali Mousavi Garmaroodi, Nasrallah Mardani and Javad Jamil"
Forouzan joolaei nahid fowziThe literature of the Palestinian resistance is considered an important and inseparable part of contemporary literature as well as the Intifada, and because of its roots in reality, it is one of the purest examples of sustainability literature throughout history. This t MoreThe literature of the Palestinian resistance is considered an important and inseparable part of contemporary literature as well as the Intifada, and because of its roots in reality, it is one of the purest examples of sustainability literature throughout history. This type of literature as a branch of committed literature in the occupied territories due to concerns as well as oppression and resistance of the people and also due to its formation in contexts such as oppression, rape, tyranny, oppression and repression from a high position. And the issue of resistance against the occupiers, due to the recording of the struggles of the peoples of the Orient due to the political commonalities and beliefs that exist between the two nations of Iran and Palestine, as one of the central themes of Islamic Revolution poetry, in the works of many committed poets And there is a revolution. In this article, with a comparative approach to the poetry of Javad Jamil, a prominent Iraqi poet, and Seyyed Ali Mousavi Garmaroodi and Nasrallah Mardani, prominent poets of the Islamic Revolution, the common themes of these poets in dealing with the issue of the occupation of Palestine are examined. The resistance and stability of the Palestinian people and the fighters of this land have been praised by poets. Anti-authoritarianism and the expulsion of the usurpers of the land of Palestine are the aspirations of all three poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Commitment in Arabic literature (Al-Sharif Al-Radi and Ibn Maatouq Al-Hawizi, a balanced study)
hossin javanmardi javad saadonzadeh Sohad JaderiThis article aims, based on the descriptive analytical method, to examine the commitment aspects of the poetry of Sharif Al-Radi and Ibn Maatouq Al-Mousawi, because they are among the poets who reflected the commitment after he worked with them in their lives. Islamic a MoreThis article aims, based on the descriptive analytical method, to examine the commitment aspects of the poetry of Sharif Al-Radi and Ibn Maatouq Al-Mousawi, because they are among the poets who reflected the commitment after he worked with them in their lives. Islamic and Qur’anic verses since their childhood, this development led to their distance from immorality and immorality, as they left pure and honest poems far from vulgarity and immorality.This article also aims to analyze the hidden meanings in their poetry through study and analysis, as well as trying to acquaint the recipient with some of the ideas of these two great poets. The expression of these teachings indicates that the poets have practically adhered to these values and called everyone to them from the depths of their heart. Ibn Maatouq used the art of embodiment, and in this way he gave his verses much vitality and activity. It refers to the incident of Ghadir Khumm and uses the element of imagination to describe the events of that day. It also refers to the verse of purification in some of its verses. Ibn Maatouq used the method of calling a lot, as he addressed the Prophet (PBUH) using the phrase (my lord) and the word (my lord), whose appreciation is my lord. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - A Comparative Reading of Hereditary Characters in Contemporary Arabic and Persian Poetry (Case Study of Adnan Al-Sayegh’s and Seyyed Ali Garmaroudi’s Poetry)
MOHAMMAD GHAFOURIFAR mallek salemiRe-reading hereditary characters is one of the foundations and new tools of expressing aesthetics on which poets rely to create their own images and innovations. Contemporary Arabic and Persian poetry have benefited greatly from hereditary characters, so that we are wit MoreRe-reading hereditary characters is one of the foundations and new tools of expressing aesthetics on which poets rely to create their own images and innovations. Contemporary Arabic and Persian poetry have benefited greatly from hereditary characters, so that we are witnessing the increasing use of these artistic tools by contemporary poets. Meanwhile, the Iraqi poet, Adnan Al-Sayegh and the Iranian poet, Seyyed Ali Garmaroudi have paid significant attention to hereditary characters. Accordingly, they have given human dimensions to their poetic purposes and inspired their artistic experience by being inspired by deep thoughts and reflecting on the issues of rich times. With their artistic and literary experience, the two poets linked the audience's cry to the hereditary characters in fighting against the world arrogance. Done via a comparative research method, and based on the American School of Comparative Studies, the present paper made significant results such as the two poets’ efforts to create an aesthetic instrument of hereditary characters to serve the literary subject and enrich the meaning. Linguistic expressions and the discovery of their insistence or emphasis are summarized. Therefore, the characters, in a norm-breaking manner, carry new meanings and semantic horizons in order to reduce the richness and inherent dimension of contemporary Arabic and Persian poetry and to keep the poems away from direct speech and interpretation. By using Islamic heritage personalities and heritage codes, the two poets seek to awaken a sense of national identity among the people in the face of aggressors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - The Invocation of Quranic Figures and Stories in Ma’ruf al-Rusafi’s Diwan
Ali PiraniShal Neman Onegh Raziyeh MaskaniThis article studies Quranic stories and figures, focusing on their use in Ma‘ruf al-Rusafi’s Diwan. The article explains the extent to which al-Rusafi has been influenced by these elements and has developed techniques to adapt them to his odes’ conten MoreThis article studies Quranic stories and figures, focusing on their use in Ma‘ruf al-Rusafi’s Diwan. The article explains the extent to which al-Rusafi has been influenced by these elements and has developed techniques to adapt them to his odes’ content by way of technical and thematic incorporation toward the creation of a spiritual atmosphere in his poetry, in such a way he hopes to reach his audience’s minds and perception. Al-Rusafi has drawn upon Adam’s story and hissubsequent fall from paradise, has summoned such characters as Belqais, the queen of Sheba; Moses and Jesus and their miracles; Prophet Muhammad and his perfection. Al-Rusafi has selected and alluded to specificsegments of the aforementioned stories that would best enrich the texture of his poems and serve his poetic purposes. To achieve their desired effect these allusions rely to a certain degree onhis audience’s familiarity with the Quranic stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Historical Demography of the City of Quds and Its Neighbors in the 16th Century
Ali Awsat EbrahimiThe present article studies the Quds city and the holy status it has gained in the history. It also reviews its geographical and historical characteristics in time especially the historical demography of this city and its neighbors in the 16th century. Th MoreThe present article studies the Quds city and the holy status it has gained in the history. It also reviews its geographical and historical characteristics in time especially the historical demography of this city and its neighbors in the 16th century. This century starts with the occupation of the city by crusaders and thus the decrement of population due to the death of 70 thousand people of the inhabitants of this city. The historical demography of the city of Quds ant decrement of its population could be pointed out through the depiction of a chart. Haj Boursha’sconsiderations in his descriptions of the holy land and its tribes, religions, sects and demographic elements in centuries are also a proof of this fact. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - aThe methodology of Al Hindi the Ahl Al Bayt Poet
محسن سیفی سجاد خندانSeyyed Reza Mousavi Al Hindi is one the Iraqi contemporary poets who had done his job targeted and had created a beautiful image of sincerity. The present article studies his poetry in the field of Ahl Al Bayt from the linguistic aspect and also surveys the external and MoreSeyyed Reza Mousavi Al Hindi is one the Iraqi contemporary poets who had done his job targeted and had created a beautiful image of sincerity. The present article studies his poetry in the field of Ahl Al Bayt from the linguistic aspect and also surveys the external and internal music of them as well as the vocabulary. It has done the above mentioned results by tables and graphs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Comparative Study of “Dialogical Principle” in “Sangestan Village” Ode by Akhavan and “Poverty & Sickness” Ode by Marouf Al Rusafi
Hadi Akhlaqi Fariborz Hassan Janzadeh Mohammad JafariPoetry turns to be an art in the contemporary era in order to interact with others and society. Contemporary poets are not inconsiderate to their countries and attempt to react for them, propose strategy and talk to society’s elements. Thus many contemporary poets MorePoetry turns to be an art in the contemporary era in order to interact with others and society. Contemporary poets are not inconsiderate to their countries and attempt to react for them, propose strategy and talk to society’s elements. Thus many contemporary poets unlike old poets possess dialogical principle and its elements such as reciprocal conversation, vocative phrases, carnival, multilingual and chronotope notably. Mahdi Akhavān-Sāles – Iranian contemporary poet – and Marouf Al Rusafi – Iraqi contemporary poet – are the ones whose poetries are full of social concepts and fought against colonization and exploitation and tried to solve social problems with a dialogical field and conversational process. Therefore the present research attempts to survey dialogical principle by Mikhail Bakhtin in “Sangestan Village” Ode by Akhavān-Sāles and “Poverty & Sickness” Ode by Marouf Al Rusafi comparatively. The results show that the abovementioned odes were created because of social conditions and two poets tried to transfer their experiences by enjoying dialogical principle and using its indicatives in order to have effective and symbolic discourse. Both poets’ emphasis was on dialogical principle by applying vocative, interrogative, exclamatory, imperative, chronotope and carnival phrases. The applied method in the research is descriptive – analytical based on American school of comparative literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Comparative investigation of the nature of causality of Mulla Sadra and hume
zinab darvishi mohamadhosain irandoostThe principle of causality , according to which any phenomenon requires a cause , One of the less known , the philosopher is not paid to the discussion. This paper describes the analytical methods , with the aim of evaluating and comparing the nature of causality Vnqady MoreThe principle of causality , according to which any phenomenon requires a cause , One of the less known , the philosopher is not paid to the discussion. This paper describes the analytical methods , with the aim of evaluating and comparing the nature of causality Vnqady documents written hume Sadra. It seems , denial of causality Drmnzrhyvm the epistemological roots in the attitude to foreign and subjective realities , the empirical basis of the relationship was. The hume and asdra , causation is a philosophical principle and deep understanding not only of the philosophical wisdom comes from. Therefore , its appearance is deeper than experience , and the world is rational. Therefore , the interpretation of the observation and induction Aznzrsdra path goes further and becomes a philosophical principle where the effect is possible due to the kind of poverty. Mulla Sadra has ontological principle of causality to the theory of theophany. This theory can be considered mystical approach to causation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Arousal look at things from Ibn Sina
hadi vasei فهیمه مرادی زادهAbstract : Although the existence of the world , and after the death of a future life, including the principle of all Muslims , but that this kind of life to what group of dedicated creatures , different views by Muslim scholars . With regardی arousal creatures and life MoreAbstract : Although the existence of the world , and after the death of a future life, including the principle of all Muslims , but that this kind of life to what group of dedicated creatures , different views by Muslim scholars . With regardی arousal creatures and life after death issue is so complex and difficult and analysis can vote to remove ambiguities thinkers , existing disruptions to help about it . So in this document attempts to churn of creatures avicenna with the way the descriptive research . as Avicenna, including the most important thinkers who took part in the area and on the basis of humour to explain his philosophical and analysis of arousal creatures . The findingsof face surveys show in the geometry of cognitive avicenna discussions in the Hereafter, " " and " arousal creatures " deep and close ties with a discussion " ; " for this purpose in the present study first review and self - conceptual framework , and its forces from the perspective of Avicenna, and finally how arousal creatures from the perspective of them are analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Civil liability arising from the implementation of the Law extermination keep users
ali noorani سید مهدی میرداداشی ابراهیم دلشاد معارفBased on increase of changing the garden and agricultural land usage of country and the decision of government to counter fronting this issue and protecting the usage of agricultural lands for substantial development, and based on law, the agricultural (Jahad-Keshavarzi MoreBased on increase of changing the garden and agricultural land usage of country and the decision of government to counter fronting this issue and protecting the usage of agricultural lands for substantial development, and based on law, the agricultural (Jahad-Keshavarzi) organization of provinces is chosen as the responsible of this important issue.Since the implementation of tin and cut illegal land use changes Mtabqtbsrh 2 Article 10 of the said law, Rasavbdvn judicial sentence carried out (by the authority of law)In most cases because the damage done by mechanical devices Inevitably brings damage. The purpose of this studyExplaining the government's civil liability Or his staffIn the lawBased on jurisprudence and legal rules whichIt looks at whereGovernment employee on purpose or gross errorThe damage caused to othersIs responsibleOtherwiseIn the case of State responsibilityAnd in most casesaccording toWarningruleThe government will have no liability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Legal and Juridical Investigation of US Embassy Transfer from Tel Aviv to Quds Sharif
Farzaneh Tayari Alireza EbrahimiThe usurped Quds regime, Israel, has occupied Palestine. Palestine is historically owned by Muslims and its true inhabitants. The US Embassy in Tel Aviv has been transferred to Quds Sharif, although legally, the embassy's immunity from recognizing governments and govern MoreThe usurped Quds regime, Israel, has occupied Palestine. Palestine is historically owned by Muslims and its true inhabitants. The US Embassy in Tel Aviv has been transferred to Quds Sharif, although legally, the embassy's immunity from recognizing governments and governments is recognized in international law, but this is a matter of legal and legitimate state-state existence. That is, the Israeli occupation regime lacks it. Therefore, the legality of this transfer should be examined. This article examines the legal status of the United States in terms of jurisprudence and jurisprudence with a legal-legal approach. The main hypothesis of the investigation is that the United States is acting illegally. The novelty of the investigation is that it is not legitimate for jurisdictions and international law to have embassies in Israel. The research method in this paper is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Jurisprudential and Juridical Review of Solemn Malediction and its Role in Facilitating the Divorce Process of Couples
Mahnaz AsgariGhonche Mahdi Mirdadashi Mohammad SadeghiThe purpose of the present study is jurisprudential and juridical analysis of solemn malediction and its role in facilitating the divorce process of couples. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that with respect to jurisprudence and expedi MoreThe purpose of the present study is jurisprudential and juridical analysis of solemn malediction and its role in facilitating the divorce process of couples. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that with respect to jurisprudence and expediency of maintaining the couples' life, it deems appropriate to execute solemn malediction, if its executive conditions and principles exist. Couples in some cases reach a dangerous stage where they cannot bear each other due to intense hatred, so the holy legislator wants to cut the relationship between them completely and permanently as soon as possible. It also prevents the couples to execute arbitrary punishment by themselves because in such circumstances lengthening the process of divorce is so risky. Therefore, it is suggested that the legislators by completing juridical deficiencies of the institution of solemn malediction and also executers by raising awareness in terms of this divine rule and consequences of false accusation of adultery to women, make use of the wisdoms in this institution to prevent family crimes and decrease social harms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Existence of a condition of knowledge and intent in compensating for the lawsuit
Saeed Farzaneh Ali Abbas Hayati Faramarz BagherAbadiIn case the plaintiff's lawsuit fails, the defendant may have suffered damages such as attorney's fees, expert salary, court costs, etc. in order to win the lawsuit, which has caused such damages to the plaintiff. There have been fights. This study was conducted to inve MoreIn case the plaintiff's lawsuit fails, the defendant may have suffered damages such as attorney's fees, expert salary, court costs, etc. in order to win the lawsuit, which has caused such damages to the plaintiff. There have been fights. This study was conducted to investigate the position of science and intent in compensation for litigation. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method with the help of fish collection data collection tools. Jurisprudential rules of harmlessness, causation, loss, debauchery and some other rules; List the conditions for liability for damages, the most important of which is fault. The message of these rules is reflected in the Civil Liability Law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - A Study of the Role of Thinking Rooms in Obama’s Decision-Making about the Nuclear Plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Reza Haghshenas Gorgabi Hossein Ahmadi Mohamad Ali BasiriThe purpose of the present study is to explain the role of thinking rooms in Obama’s decision-making about the Islamic Republic of Iran’s nuclear plan. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results indicated that since thinking rooms as non-off MoreThe purpose of the present study is to explain the role of thinking rooms in Obama’s decision-making about the Islamic Republic of Iran’s nuclear plan. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results indicated that since thinking rooms as non-official organizations in the USA affect decision-making in that country, we can explain changes in Obama’s policies about Iran’s nuclear plan with respect to the decision-making theory, especially the organizational model. During the presidency of Obama, his foreign policy in terms of Iran’s nuclear plan consisted of 2 stages: the first stage of consensus-building for Iran’s maximum sanctions; and the second stage of negotiation and peace with Iran. Changing the government in Iran caused them to be able to dissuade Iran from Uranium enrichment and some other nuclear achievements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - American Democratization Project in the Greater Middle East Initiative (GMII)
Khaled Rahmani Sohrab Salahi Mareyam MoradiThe purpose of the present study is to review the American demarcation project in the Greater Middle East Initiative (GMEI). The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that the US as the only super power remaining from the cold war era, aimed to MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the American demarcation project in the Greater Middle East Initiative (GMEI). The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that the US as the only super power remaining from the cold war era, aimed to become a global hegemonic power by its domination over the strategic region of the Middle East so that the USA in the American order is at the top of the pyramid and other powers are below in a linear line. When the US attacked the region and occupied Iraq, it raised two strategies of the elimination of the weapons of mass destruction and countering terrorism. Yet this hypothesis is proposed that the US main strategy in GMEI was the American democratization project in the region. If the US succeeds in this strategy, the condition of reaching its goals in the GMEI is facilitated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - US Approach to Disarmament and Arms Control after September 11th (2001-2020)
seyed mahmod mansorinasab Abomohammad Asgarkhani SOHRAB SALEHIOne of the most important strategic subjects in the realm of international relations between countries and international security is arms control and disarmament. In this regard, the purpose of the present research is to review the US approach to disarmament and arms co MoreOne of the most important strategic subjects in the realm of international relations between countries and international security is arms control and disarmament. In this regard, the purpose of the present research is to review the US approach to disarmament and arms control considering September 11th events 2001-2020. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results indicate that the subject of disarmament and mass destruction arms control is one of the most important issues in the international level, particularly in relationships between Russia and the United States. The context of disarmament and arms control after the cold war has immensely been intricate and complicated. After September 11th, peaceful and multilateral international cooperation between countries did not end; but rather with regard to the US movements, the rules of the play firstly undertook a military aspect which led to a change in international discourse. Secondly, unilateralism was raised against multilateralism which affected all the countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The Semantics of “Revolution” and its Causes based on Quran and Hadith: an Emphasis on the Revolutionary Movement by Moses (PBUH)
Sohrab Morovati mohsen hasanvandiThe purpose of the present study is to study the semantics of the word revolution and its application in the religious text and to present its contexts and factors from the viewpoints of the Qur'an and the infallible narratives (AS) based on various aspects of Moses'(PB MoreThe purpose of the present study is to study the semantics of the word revolution and its application in the religious text and to present its contexts and factors from the viewpoints of the Qur'an and the infallible narratives (AS) based on various aspects of Moses'(PBUH)revolutionary movement. The research method was descriptive-analytical and in this regard ، the revolution was explained in the view of western and Islamic scholars and its application in Quran and narrations. The factors that shaped the revolution include dissatisfaction with the status quo, tyranny, economic and political inequality, the failure of the sovereign to think of sovereignty, lack of freedom and the right to criticize, the oligarchy, the discrediting of religious values, and the closure of divine judgments. This was the research. The findings indicated that although “revolution” as used in the Quran verses and hadith does not refer to the sense commonly understood by the term, the essence of revolutionary movements and their causes have been well introduced and explained whether directly or indirectly in these sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - The position and role of women in one thousand and one nights and Kelileh and Demneh
Fatemeh Amani Azar DaneshgarIn literary works, ancient texts and stories, women have had various roles and characteristics as part of society. Compilation of these works by men and addressing women and their position from their point of view is one of the most important features of these texts. Th MoreIn literary works, ancient texts and stories, women have had various roles and characteristics as part of society. Compilation of these works by men and addressing women and their position from their point of view is one of the most important features of these texts. The books of One Thousand and One Nights and also Kelileh va Demneh, as two ancient fictional works that have many stories in them, are very good narrators to express the position of women and their position in ancient societies. Women have different characteristics, roles and positions in the stories of these two works, and there are many negative and positive characteristics about them. In this article, with a descriptive-analytical method, the characteristics, position and social role of women in the tales of One Thousand and One Nights and Kelileh va Demneh have been compared and expressed. The results of this study show that more and more attention to the negative characteristics of women in the stories of One Thousand and One Nights and Kelileh va Demneh shows the view of male writers in a patriarchal society towards women and their position. In the tales of One Thousand and One Nights, the betrayal of women in the highest position, that is, the queen and the king's wife, has been the main and beginning of the stories, but in the stories of Kelileh and Demneh, this feature has been attributed to women in other classes of society. Other positive and negative characteristics such as tact, knowledge, wisdom, courage, cunning and trickery are all items that have been attributed to women in the stories of both Thousand and One Nights and Kelileh va Demneh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Post-colonial Criticism of Rouhangiz Sharifian’s Works
Roya Rabizade Fateme HeydariAs a critical approach, post-colonialism has emerged in the field of cultural studies through recent decades. It is, in fact, a representation of a kind of reaction to the colonialism and its cultural, social and political impressions. Post-colonial studies rely on the MoreAs a critical approach, post-colonialism has emerged in the field of cultural studies through recent decades. It is, in fact, a representation of a kind of reaction to the colonialism and its cultural, social and political impressions. Post-colonial studies rely on the function of cultural and cognitive factors, and intend to reveal the different methods the colonialist rulers have applied to colonize societies through the history. The unbalanced allocation of wealth and population played out especially during post-colonial era has caused the increasing of emigrations, which in turns, changes the language, the residency, the demeanor, and beyond them melts one’s identity. As a new phenomenon, immigration could be studied in the scope of post-colonial studies, and the present research aims first at introducing the principles of post-colonial theory and its elements, and secondly at investigating the works of the London-based Iranian emigrant writer, Rouhangiz Sharifian Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Archaism in the Poetry of Nosrat Rahmani and Ali Mousavi Garmaroudi
Reza Keshtgar seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni Seyyed Jafar HamidiThe formalist critics believe in archaism, i.e. the use of old and obsolete terms, as a method of defamiliarization and focalization in literary works. The right and proper use and application of archaism, however, can lead to the elevation of the poetry as well as the MoreThe formalist critics believe in archaism, i.e. the use of old and obsolete terms, as a method of defamiliarization and focalization in literary works. The right and proper use and application of archaism, however, can lead to the elevation of the poetry as well as the increase of fascination and pleasure for the addressees. Nosrat Rahmani and Ali Mousavi Garmaroudi, Iranian contemporary poets, have embellished their poetry applying this trope and so have they given a certain character to the type of their poetry. It is noteworthy to mention that Garmaroudi enjoys more often this defamiliarization in his poems, thanks to his erudition and affinity to Persian classic poetry. The present research aims at studying the usage of archaism in the works of Rahmani and Garmaroudi as the main tool to recognize the characteristics of their language and style Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The Misogyny-Philogyny Paradox (A Comparative Study of Woman in One Thousand and One Nights and The Canterbury Tales)
Nozhat NoohiThe position and the role of women in society, and the altered positive and negative attitudes towards them had frequently been reflected in all types of literature -- classic and modern, Eastern and Western. Nowadays by the expansion of female-oriented propensities lik MoreThe position and the role of women in society, and the altered positive and negative attitudes towards them had frequently been reflected in all types of literature -- classic and modern, Eastern and Western. Nowadays by the expansion of female-oriented propensities like Feminism and its crossing the borders of literature, studies and researches on unilateral and even misogynist attitudes of some authors towards women have also been found urgent and necessary. The present paper focuses on these attitudes in two famous works of the world literature: One Thousand and One Nights, which is the most famous collection of old folk tales from East, and The Canterbury Tales, by English fictionist and poet Geoffrey Chaucer. These two works are almost similar in some respects, such as historical period, social background, and literary style. The researcher has tried to comparatively study the "woman" in them to reveal some paradoxical scope of misogyny and philogyny in both. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Susa and Beirut as Depicted in the Poems of Mehdi Akhavan Saless and Nizar Qabbani
. Mah Nazari Kobra Assadi Mansoure BasirpourThe importance of home and birthplace and how regretfully or joyfully poets and writers think about them have always been the subject of consideration throughout history. Nizar Qabbani, the Arab innovator poet, and Akhavan Saless, the Iranian contemporary poet, have vie MoreThe importance of home and birthplace and how regretfully or joyfully poets and writers think about them have always been the subject of consideration throughout history. Nizar Qabbani, the Arab innovator poet, and Akhavan Saless, the Iranian contemporary poet, have viewed Beirut and Susa respectively in a mournful and tearful tone recollecting their affluence and destruction in the past in their poems. This paper compares two odes of the poets to argue the importance of these two places in their depictions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Introducing and reviewing the Sahife-ye-Shahi manuscript
jalal dehghani ahmad zakeriNoting and writing letters are of the routine manners in the history of Persian literature, and it’s the general title for works, and books which involve rules, orders, friendly letters, responses, kings’ charters, Promissory note, treaties, victory or defea MoreNoting and writing letters are of the routine manners in the history of Persian literature, and it’s the general title for works, and books which involve rules, orders, friendly letters, responses, kings’ charters, Promissory note, treaties, victory or defeat memories. Teymuriera, is one of the splendid and rich eras for writing notes. Writing notes and letters, in this era, is a touchstone to trade off the speech and writers’’ motives. Note of Sahife- Shahi (royal notebook) or Taghvim-al-Makatib( the calendar of letters) is one of the Notes in Teymuri era, which was written by Mullah Husain VaezKashefiSabzevari, writer and secretary at the royal court of Sultan Husain Baighara, and the author of some books such as Javaher-al-Tafsir, Anwar-e- Soheili, Rozah-al-Shohada, etc. the handwritten scripts of this book exist in Islamic Parliament’s library, central library of university of Tehran, Melek library and some other libraries. As the historical and literature importance of the book of Sahife-Shahi, this paper tries to revive one of the Persian historical and literature heritages, besides providing an introduction of Notes’ history and handwritten scripts in a descriptive-analytical manner Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Magic and Witchcraft in One Thousand and One Nights and Holy Quran
Mostafa Khodayari Zakiye DehnamakiOne Thousand and One Nights is full of fiction and magic. The fictitious episodes of the book depict the events that despite their being normal and usual in the world in which they happen, they are not simply believable. They are weird for us because we consider them as MoreOne Thousand and One Nights is full of fiction and magic. The fictitious episodes of the book depict the events that despite their being normal and usual in the world in which they happen, they are not simply believable. They are weird for us because we consider them as supernatural. Magic and witchcraft are really significant in One Thousand and One Nights, for rather than everybody, only two groups of people exercise them, i.e. the good and the bad, and the wizards and the charmers are mainly women. The world of One Thousand and One Nights is the one in which the common people live with the ogres and the fairies, and because they cannot react against them equally, they exercise magic and witchcraft to fight back the evils, the disasters and even the other common people. Now what makes us to believe in magic and witchcraft is nothing but our Holy Quran asserting them. Some verses in Holy Quran admit the possibility of magic and witchcraft while disallow people exercising them. However, exercising magic and witchcraft is common and familiar in One Thousand and One Nights. The present research is to compare and contrast the magic and witchcraft in One thousand and One Nights and the Holy Quran, where the focus is verse 102 of Al-Baqara Chapter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Gender Idea in the Thousand and one Nights
Fatemeh Esmaeili Seyed Ahmad Hosseyni Kazeroni Maryam ParhizkariThousand and One Nights is a multinational literary cultures of different nations of the Orient in its place.In this work clearly, culture, gender and patriarchy can be seen, the present study was to investigate the story of the Thousand and One Nights, ideas and though MoreThousand and One Nights is a multinational literary cultures of different nations of the Orient in its place.In this work clearly, culture, gender and patriarchy can be seen, the present study was to investigate the story of the Thousand and One Nights, ideas and thoughts gender East will showcase the culture of the pastThe role of each of the two sexes (male and female) will be explained in this culture.The research, to investigate and represent the cultural area of the eastern countries of the Old Testament, especially the Sassanid era and the role and status of women and men in conflict with each other (as opposed to gender) is developed where Scheherazade as a perfect example of Sex couple's Sex symbol male and patriarchal system will be introduced.The results showThe woman in the story of the Thousand and One Nights has different roles,All she is tryingThe different roles assigned to women, his story is that one side is acceptable in male-dominated society SassanieraOn the other hand, for she is very important that the patient's mind and get ready to soften positive roles for women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene-11-one Derivatives Using ZrO2–SO3H as Highly Efficient Recyclable Nano-catalyst
Ahmad Nakhaei Sepideh Yadegarian -
Open Access Article
119 - Semantic coherence of "causality" in Arabic contemporary narrative texts. (A Case study of Yusuf Idris's qāʽ al-madina (The Bottom of the City))
Asma Amraei Alireza NazariCoherence relates terminologically in general to the text linguistic and in particular to textuality. De Beaugrande and Dressler in describing positive factors or the features manifesting sum of the sentences as a text point to seven factors of which two factors of mean MoreCoherence relates terminologically in general to the text linguistic and in particular to textuality. De Beaugrande and Dressler in describing positive factors or the features manifesting sum of the sentences as a text point to seven factors of which two factors of meaning coherence and continuity are important in textuality. Connection in semantic level or deep structure is achieved through different Factors, that the causality factor can be the most important of them; Because it is depended to the relationships of text propositions from causative considerations. Causality in addition to the other coherence factors makes higher level structures with the chains of strong relations between small units. The function of these elements are naturally different in in frequency and importance from text to text. the present article investigates important factor of semantic connection, i.e., causality, in a contemporary story, and studies how much enjoys a contemporary narrative text from this factor as well as how it functions through a descriptive- analytic method and an statistical approach. The analysis of frequency shows that causal factor is not so frequent in parts of the story that contains descriptive pauses. But in action-based parts this factor more present and effective presence in different levels of analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Analysis of the semantic sign of the story of the king and the maid of Rumi's spiritual Masnavi
Pegah Rasouli Shahin Ojaq AlizadTitle:Analysis of the semantic sign of the story of the king and the maid of Rumi's spiritual MasnaviPegah Rasooli *PhD student of Islamic Azad University, RoodehenSt.p_rasouli@riau.ac.irShahin Ojaghalizade Assistant Professor Islamic Azad University, RoodehenFatemeh Em MoreTitle:Analysis of the semantic sign of the story of the king and the maid of Rumi's spiritual MasnaviPegah Rasooli *PhD student of Islamic Azad University, RoodehenSt.p_rasouli@riau.ac.irShahin Ojaghalizade Assistant Professor Islamic Azad University, RoodehenFatemeh EmamiAssistant Professor Islamic Azad University, RoodehenAl-Tanfih and Al-Maraghah Al-Linguistics:Date of arrival: Date of acceptance:AbstractOne of the novel methods in the study and analysis of literary texts is the use of the sign-semantics model. In this approach, the process of producing meaning is linked to sensory-perceptual conditions, and signs, along with meaning, become fluid, dynamic, plural, and multidimensional. Considering the interpretability and breadth of meaning that can be seen in the mystical anecdotes of Masnavi. This approach was the basis of research in the story of the king and the maid from the first book of Rumi's Masnavi. The present paper, in a descriptive-analytical manner, seeks to examine the types of discourse systems used in this story. The results of this study indicate that discourse is dynamic and discourse evolution has given special effects to the story. Discourse systems have components of action, tension, enlightenment, with phenomenal, transcendental, ecstatic, ethical and cultural functions, and the action system based on stress with high emotional pressure has the most pivotal role. Also in the analysis of the text, how to produce and defer the meaning based on the functions discussed, is explained.Keywords: Sign - Semantics, Narrative, Spiritual Masnavi, King and Slave, Action, Tension, Susa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Intertextual analysis of the tale "the porter with girls" in the Qajar Manuscript of Thousand and One Nights, based on the Bertrand WestphalGeocriticism
mohammad parsanasab mohammad ali rajabi bahador bagheri nafiseh alsadat abdolbaghaeeThe theory of intertextuality is one of the major discoveries of the twentieth century that investigates the network connection between the texts, and so far has proceeded the new approaches in human science and specially literature and art through various methods by ma MoreThe theory of intertextuality is one of the major discoveries of the twentieth century that investigates the network connection between the texts, and so far has proceeded the new approaches in human science and specially literature and art through various methods by many researchers. In Geocriticism of Bertrand Westphal in the Post-structuralism period, as one of the important approaches of this pervasive knowledge, intertextuality deals with the importance of space, place and geography in literary-artistic works. Until now, the role of geography hasn't grown to such an extent in the formation of knowledge. Sann'y-al-Molk's Qajar Manuscript of Thousand and One Nights in Golestan palace is considered as one of the unique illustrated versions in the world which has a special intertextual position in pre-text conversations and images. This version is also in interaction with theoretical and methodological principles of Bertrand Westphal that has an important irony and interdisciplinary position in geocriticism. By considering this approach and selecting seven interwoven tales of "the porter with girls" which have been portrayed with fifteen images of pictorial narratives of Sann'y al-Molk in the mentioned version, as well as analyzing the position of intertextuality in different periods of its emergence, the present article analyses this literary-artistic work in the field of geocriticism of Westphal. Writers have paid attention to the analytical-descriptive approach and its application in analyzing the text and the figures. Qajar's Manuscript of Thousand and One Nights of Sann'y al-Molk is a polyphonic work with a human-cultural boundless geography which has been talking to us with the two layers of text and figure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Parody in Contemporary Persian Literature: A Case Study of The Novel The New Thousand and One Night by Mohammad Ali Oloumi
Azar DaneshgarParody is a literary device which distorts and recreates an utterance, style, or plot of an original work. The author tries to investigate this device in TheNew Thousand and One Night by Mohammad AliOlumi. To that end, having described and analyzed the term MoreParody is a literary device which distorts and recreates an utterance, style, or plot of an original work. The author tries to investigate this device in TheNew Thousand and One Night by Mohammad AliOlumi. To that end, having described and analyzed the term parody, the author investigates how parody relates to Bakhtin’s views such as intertextuality and dialogic. Afterwards, applying an analytic and comparative approach, the samples of this devicein TheNew Thousand and One Night are studied. The findings show that The New Thousand and One Nights is a sub-text which bears a comic and purposeful relationship with its original work, Thousand and One Night, by recreating the characters, plot, and utterance. Manuscript profile -
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123 - Evaluation the Binding of the Biological Gold Nanoparticles to Taxol and its Anti-Cancer Effect on MCF7 Breast Cancer Cell Line
S. Samaneh P. Pourali S.A. Manafi B. Yahyaei -
Open Access Article
124 - Production of silver nanoparticles by the Fungus Fusarium oxysporum that was cultured in different environmental conditions and comparision of their antibacterial efficiency with each other
F. Azami S.A. Manafi P. Pourali -
Open Access Article
125 - The Use of Gnomic Verse (Proverbs) in the Tales of One Thousand and One Nights
Mahdi khalifeh ghorbanali ebrahimi Mehrdad ChatraeiProverbs have a valuable place in Persian language and literature. Sometimes a very short proverb, is like a book of wisdom replete with important and profound contents of prudence and knowledge. The necessity and importance of proverbs is due to the fact that they expr MoreProverbs have a valuable place in Persian language and literature. Sometimes a very short proverb, is like a book of wisdom replete with important and profound contents of prudence and knowledge. The necessity and importance of proverbs is due to the fact that they express the social way of life, way of thinking and customs of nations; and their study shows a deeper understanding of the beliefs and conventions of our ancestors in the past. Various researches have been done regarding the use, role and quality of proverbs in Persian poetry and prose. This article has been carried out using analytical-descriptive method and for gathering data library method is used. The purpose is to study the role, quality and effect of gnomic verse in the stories of One Thousand and One Nights. The results show that in the book One Thousand and One Nights, Gnomic verse (i.e. proverbs) in Persian language and literature are used proportionately and indirectly to further strengthen and enrich the words. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Ficusanol, a new cinnamic acid derivative and other constituents from the roots of Ficus exasperata Vahl. (Moraceae) with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities
Stevine Claudiale Popwo Tameye Jean Claude Ndom Edwige Laure Nguemfo Jean Duplex Wansi Juliette Catherine Vardamides Anatole Guy Blaise Azebaze -
Open Access Article
127 - A mini-review on oxysporone
Satyajit D. Sarker Lutfun Nahar Tauhidur Rahman Nurunnabi S.M. Mahbubur Rahman Md. Hossain Sohrab Md. Morsaline Billah Fyaz M. D. Ismail George P. Sharples -
Open Access Article
128 - The effect of teacher autonomy support and causality orientations of autonomy on educational alienation of second grade high school students with mediating role basic psychological needs
Javad keyhan mehdi KazemzadehbeytaliThe main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of teacher autonomy support, causality orientations of autonomy, basic psychological needs and the high school educational alienation in the form of a causal model. This descriptive-correlational study was a MoreThe main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of teacher autonomy support, causality orientations of autonomy, basic psychological needs and the high school educational alienation in the form of a causal model. This descriptive-correlational study was a structural equation modeling using path analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female high school students who were studying in the city of Urmia in 2015-2016. A total of 300 people were selected using random cluster sampling Which was used to determine the sample size from the Morgan table. Data were gathered throughstandard questionnaires of; Educational alienation (Dillon and Grout, 1976), Basic psychological needs (La Guardia and Couchman, 2000), Teacher autonomy support (Black and Deci, 2000), and Orientation causal of autonomous (Rose, Markland and Parfitt, 2001). Data using path analysis, were analyzed. The results of this study showed that support for teacher autonomy and autonomous locus of control have a significant positive effect on basic psychological needs (P<0.01). Basic psychological needs of students with alienation have a significant negative effect (P<0.01). Supporting teacher autonomy and autonomous locus of controlhave a significant negative impact on students academic alienation (P<0.01). Finally, the basic psychological need the effect between teacher autonomy support and autonomous causal tendenciesplay a mediating role with alienation from school students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - The Effectiveness of Barlow's cognitive- affective counseling on Female Sexual Frigidity Treatment in Isfahan
Anahita Soltani Fatemeh Rezaei Vida RazaviThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Barlow’s cognitive–affective counseling on the improvement of sexual frigidity on married women in Isfahan in 2014. The design of the research was quasi-experimental with pre- and post-test. The popul MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Barlow’s cognitive–affective counseling on the improvement of sexual frigidity on married women in Isfahan in 2014. The design of the research was quasi-experimental with pre- and post-test. The population included all the married women in Isfahan. A sample of 30 women, then, with the lowest score in sexual function was selected and assigned into two groups, experimental (n=15) and control (n =15) through voluntary sampling method. The research instruments consisted of Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) (Rosen et.al, 2000). The experimental group received 8 sessions of cognitive-affective counseling. The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. The results showed that the effectiveness of Barlow’s sexual cognitive-affective counseling on women’s sexual frigidity treatment was significant (P= 0.01). As a result, to improve any of the females’ sexual components, Barlow’s cognitive- affective counseling can be used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Comparison the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and cognitive- behavior therapy on Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder, Sexual Intimacy and Sexual Self- Concept of Women
Maryam Mohagheghian Mohammad Bagher Kajbaf Alireza MaredpourThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavior therapy on female sexual interest/arousal disorder, sexual intimacy and sexual self- concept of married women referring to counseling centers in Isfa MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavior therapy on female sexual interest/arousal disorder, sexual intimacy and sexual self- concept of married women referring to counseling centers in Isfahan city. This was a quasi-experimental design with pretest, posttest, three months follow up and control group. The population included married women with sexual interest arousal problems who responded to calls from counseling centers. 45 Samples were selected with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fifth edition criteria and female sexual function questionnaire scores. Subjects were randomly assigned in two experimental groups and control group. The experimental groups received 8 sessions 90 minutes weekly intervention. The instruments used in this study included Rosen Female Sexual Function Questionnaire, Botlani Sexual Intimacy Questionnaire and Snell Sexual Self- Concept Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by analysis of covariance with repeated measures. The results showed that both treatment approaches had a significant effect on all three variables. (P>0.05). And there was no significant difference between the two treatment approaches. Thus, both therapeutic interventions can be used to improve sexual desire / arousal disorders and increase sexual intimacy and sexual self-concept. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - The Comparative Study of Using Learning Theories in Instruction Process and its relationship with Mathematical Application Score's in Islamic Countries
mehdi namdari heidar karimyan هیمن رحیمیEntitled as " a proper thinking method", mathematics is one of the basic courses in the world education systems .comprehensively evaluating this course as well as identifying it's relation with learning theories indexes would pave the way for better instruction and lear MoreEntitled as " a proper thinking method", mathematics is one of the basic courses in the world education systems .comprehensively evaluating this course as well as identifying it's relation with learning theories indexes would pave the way for better instruction and learning. Regarding TIMSS (2007), this study assessed the use of learning theories indexes in instruction process and its role in math application in Islamic nations that were equal in Gross National Product (GNP). This research considering the effectiveness of learning theories on math application was of correlation type. Amongst the Islamic countries, Bosnia, Algeria, Tunisia, Iran, and Jordan were selected. All eight grade students during the academic year of 2007 in these Islamic countries were considered as the statistical population. The statistical sample, then, was selected thorough three stage stratified cluster sampling. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire with 17 items about learning strategies (by reliability of 0/83) and a math application test with 88 questions. Then, the validity of instruments was approved by the psychometric and educational psychology experts. Required data derived from TIMSS and PIRLS website. Taking the constructivism theory into consideration, Jordanian students with the mean score of3.17 were the first and Iranian students with the mean score of 2.77 were the last. In information processing theory, Jordanian students with the mean score of 2.99 ranked first and Bosnian students with the mean score of 2.51 ranked last. Considering social-cognitive theory indices, Jordanian students with mean score of 3.16 were the first whereas, Tunisian students with the mean score of 2.69 were the last. In achieving the applied goals of math, Bosnian students with the mean score of 441.47 gained the first place however, these were the Algerian students who were the last, with the mean score of 412. Multiple regression analysis results showed that learning theories variables significantly explained the math usage variance. Also in all countries except Algeria, social-cognitive theory was a significant factor in math usage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Determination potential habitats (Anchusa strigosa) using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and GIS in Dezful
Majid Sadeghinia Mehdi Tazeh Zahra Jafari Koroush KianiNative plant development is one of the ways to restore degraded rangelands. In Dezful, Anchusa strigosa is a medication species which is one of the region’s main exports. Due to habitat degradation of this species by overgrazing and rangeland degradation, by consi MoreNative plant development is one of the ways to restore degraded rangelands. In Dezful, Anchusa strigosa is a medication species which is one of the region’s main exports. Due to habitat degradation of this species by overgrazing and rangeland degradation, by considering ecological demands, its habitat can be developed. The aim of this study was to determine the potential sites for development, according to the criteria of Anchusa strigosa climate, soil and topography using geographic information systems and hierarchical analysis. For this purpose, In 2015, the spatial data for species presence was used as potential locations for growth. Part of the habitat of this species was extracted from studies using ground and the points which were grabbed. The first point map of the field was prepared by visiting the areas and habitats, and then current biophysical information was extracted. For completing the information, from other sources, the ecological demand of species was extracted and combined with ground-based data. The six criteria map were prepared, classified and standardized in ArcGIS®10.1. As the weight of the layers is not identical, to prioritize the areas of potential habitat, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to weight the criteria. The results showed that of total area 464547.3 ha, 31% accounts for good habitat, 38%, average habitat and 7% poor to very poor habitat. The results also showed that the significant dip weight and the minimum weight is most significant measure that shows no inclination and most valuable to the growth of this species. The results can be used to modify the operation of the ranch and mapping of suitable areas for development use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Examining Effect Of the Aqueous Extract Of Anchusa Italica on Estrogen and Progesterone Concentrations and Placental Parameters in Wistar Female Mice
Arezo Zangeneh Shahla Roozbehani Ramesh MonajamiInroduction and Objective: The extensive use of medicinal herbs such as anchusa italica theory and indiscriminate use of them and chemical compounds Especially to determine the effectiveness of the various aromatics plant reproductive process and the relevant parameters MoreInroduction and Objective: The extensive use of medicinal herbs such as anchusa italica theory and indiscriminate use of them and chemical compounds Especially to determine the effectiveness of the various aromatics plant reproductive process and the relevant parameters in this study were taken decision. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Anchusa italica on estrogen and progesterone concentrations and placental parameters in female miceMaterial and Methods:In this study, after mating and observation of vaginal plug, 30 Wistar female mice were randomly divided into five groups including one group receiving physiological saline intraperitoneally, and four treatment groups receiving aqueous extract of Anchusa italica at concentrations of 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg for five days after the 7th day of pregnancy. Cesarean operation was performed on 16th day of pregnancy. The blood was taken from mice’s heart to measure the concentrations of the estrogen and progesterone hormones alsoFetal-placental parameters Was evaluatedand the results were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: The results show that Anchusa italica extract was effective on progesterone concentration, since the correlation coefficient is less than 0.05. while was not effective on estrogen concentration since the correlation coefficient is higher than 0.05. Also Injecting extract affected on placental weight, Placental size and The number of placental Has been effective because the correlation coefficient less than 0.05.Conclusion:According to the study of aqueous extract of borage on reproductive parameters such factors and reproductive organs also affect the fetus feeder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Relationship between brand equity of sports tourism destination and psychological factors of advertising messages (Case study: Mashhad aquatic Waves Land)
Ali Salehi Rasool Norouzi Seyed Hossini Marjan SaffariObjective: Marketing efforts are aimed at influencing consumers ' attitudes. Consumer behavior in sports and events is a process that people choose and use to meet their needs and receive benefits, services, and products associated with sports and sports events. One of MoreObjective: Marketing efforts are aimed at influencing consumers ' attitudes. Consumer behavior in sports and events is a process that people choose and use to meet their needs and receive benefits, services, and products associated with sports and sports events. One of the important fields in sport is the emergence of sports tourism as one of the branches of tourism. In the previous studies, it has been shown that attracting tourists without proper marketing and advertising programs is not possible. In other words, advertising is a tool that will be used with the knowledge of tourist areas to tourists and convince them to travel. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the psychological factors of Advertising messages and the brand equity for Aquatic sports tourism destinations. Methodology: The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population of this study was all users of the Mashhad Aquatic Waves Land which using the available sampling method according to Morgan table 384 were selected as the statistical sample. To collect the data by using the pleasure and arousal sensations questionnaire used in Mehrabian and Russell (1974) and the brand equity questionnaire used in Aaker (1991) this research was done. Their reliability was calculated by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the pleasure of 0.611, arousal of 0.644 brand awareness component was 0.772, brand association component 0.877, brand perceived quality component 0.765, and brand loyalty component 0.820. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and simple and multiple linear regression tests using SPSS-25 software.Results: The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the arousal of advertising, with brand equity components (perceived quality and brand association) in sports tourism destinations and between the arousal of advertising, with brand equity components (brand loyalty and brand awareness) in sports tourism destinations does not have a positive and significant relationship. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the pleasures of advertising, with all the components of brand equity (loyalty, perceived quality, brand association, and brand awareness) and sports tourism destinations. Besides, there is a positive significant relationship between perceived pleasure and arousal from advertising messages.Conclusion: As a conclusion selection and manipulation of psychological factors in advertising messages can affect brand equity for aquatic sports tourism destinations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Mystical Analysis of the Story of Musa and Khidr in Persian and Arabic Poetry
Fatemeh gooshehneshin Shahram Edalati Shahi Farideh Akhavane PalangsaraeiReligious figures, especially divine prophets, have always had a special place in poetry. Meanwhile, the story of Musa and Khidr is one of the stories that have had a great impact on Persian and Arabic literature, especially Persian poetry. Events, scenes, messages and MoreReligious figures, especially divine prophets, have always had a special place in poetry. Meanwhile, the story of Musa and Khidr is one of the stories that have had a great impact on Persian and Arabic literature, especially Persian poetry. Events, scenes, messages and mysteries of the story of these two nobles, in the form that Musa is a symbol of Shari'a, and Khidr is a symbol of the old way, is manifested in Persian and Arabic poetry. This article intends to study the mystical basis of the story of Musa and Khidr in Persian and Arabic poetry and to analyze the codes, allusions and semantic implications of the use of the story. The findings of the research indicate that in Persian poetry, the image of these two nobles is a mystical and radiant image and their story is carried by high mystical thoughts through interpretation, and symbolism. Whereas in Arabic poetry the mystical basis of this story gets a political nature and links to the subject of resistance. It should be noted that in contemporary Arabic poetry, Musa is introduced as a symbol of Shari'a human beings who do not know the situation and are always looking for questions, while Khidr is a symbol of the old path and the heart who knows the unseen world and saves) Musa from confusion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Ibn Arabi's mystical view of Pharaoh's faith with a look at Persian poetry
Habib Safarzadeh Monsour NikpanahTheoretical mysticism in the Islamic circle owes its thoughts and ideas to Ibn Arabi, the great Muslim mystic. Fusus al-Hakam is his most important work in which he interprets the Qur'anic verses according to the manifestations of God on the prophets. The chapter of Mou MoreTheoretical mysticism in the Islamic circle owes its thoughts and ideas to Ibn Arabi, the great Muslim mystic. Fusus al-Hakam is his most important work in which he interprets the Qur'anic verses according to the manifestations of God on the prophets. The chapter of Mousavi (AS) is one of the most important chapters of this book, of which the faith of Pharaoh is a central part. Ibn Arabi's principles and interpretations in this matter can be criticized in some ways. This research critiques Ibn Arabi's view on this issue with a descriptive-analytical method and proves that first of all, Mohi-ud-Din's speech requires the union of the souls of the slain for the appearance of Moses (pbuh), the gathering of many souls in one body (reincarnation). Secondly, paying attention to the verses before and after the verse (Jonah: 90) also confirms the unbelief of Pharaoh before his death. The previous verse is the fulfillment of the prayers of Moses (AS) and Aaron (AS) in the direction of Pharaoh's torment and lack of faith, and the next verse is a question of denial of his faith. Another is that Pharaoh, because he claims to be a deity (Naza'at: 24), did not know any god but himself. And he concludes that his question of the truth of God (Poets: 23) was for denial and exclusion, not for the true knowledge and knowledge of His nominal manifestations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - First report of Fusarium chlamydosporum causing crown rot and dumping of on Durum wheat in Algeria
BENCHEIKH Amor ROUAG Noureddine BOUTALBI Walid BELABED ImaneSeveral species of Fusarium infect durum wheat plants in the eastern part of Algeria. Endophytic fungus from random wheat seeds were sampled from fifty locations in eastern Algeria and shows the existence of Fusarium chlamydosporum regarding the macroscopic and microsco MoreSeveral species of Fusarium infect durum wheat plants in the eastern part of Algeria. Endophytic fungus from random wheat seeds were sampled from fifty locations in eastern Algeria and shows the existence of Fusarium chlamydosporum regarding the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Molecular identification using EF1 and ITS1 primers were confirmed the presence of Fusarium chlamydosporum for the first time on durum wheat seeds in Algeria. The pathogenicity test was carried out on three durum wheat varieties for determining the effect of this isolate on the coleoptile and basal part of durum wheat. The results show that F.chlamydosporum had a negative impact on seed germination of the three varieties tested. Indeed, the reduction in germination varies between 85 and 92% reduction on GTAdur and Waha varieties, respectively. More, F.chlamydosporum caused a reduction in coleoptiles length in all varieties ranging from 60.97 to 70.05% in GTAdur and Waha, respectively. On the other hand, it showed a very different impact on plant growth parameters. Thus, the action was much more pronounced on reducing the root system length and the fresh weight of the vegetative system of Waha variety equal to 75.04 and 71.15%, respectively, and it is notable for the fresh weight of the root system of Bousselam variety. These very high levels of infectivity prompt us to reconsider our vision for this species of Fusarium in treatment and certification programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Control of two species of fusarium fungi by medicinal plants
Hadi Salek Meraji Meisam Mohammadi Kazem Salek Seyfi Saeed Hazbipour Mohsen MoradiUsing medicinal plants essential oils to control or suppress plant diseases causing reduce of undesirable chemical pesticides. In order to study the effect of essential oils on control of two plant pathogens, an experiment was conducted as a three factorial experiment b MoreUsing medicinal plants essential oils to control or suppress plant diseases causing reduce of undesirable chemical pesticides. In order to study the effect of essential oils on control of two plant pathogens, an experiment was conducted as a three factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications carried out In-Vitro condition. The factors were including four essential oils of medicinal plants (Lavender, Rosemary, Cinnamon and Eucalyptus) in five concentration (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 µL/ L) on control of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani fungi. The results showed that essential oil of Cinnamon can wholly control (100 %) mycelium growth of F. solani fungi in all concentrations, but in F. oxysporum fungi, only in 1500 and 2000 µL/ L of essential oil can control growth of fungus.The least and most of essential oil of lavender (88/5 and 100 %) observed in F. oxysporum and F. solani respectively. The highest of control in F. solani and F. oxysporum by Rosemary was 100 and 46/6 % respectively. The eucalyptus essential oil was the lowest effect on control of fungi. The highest of eucalyptus concentration can with 48 and 49 % inhibitor growth mycelium of F. solani and F. oxysporum respectively. On average, the maximum and minimum control of F. solani fungus observed respectively in cinnamon and eucalyptus essential oils, and in F. oxysporum was in cinnamon and rosemary essential oils. Cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon essential oil is a very strong inhibitor and can be used to control plant fungi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Greenhouse and molecular evaluation of resistance of Iranian bean cultivars to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli, the causal agent of Fusarium wilt
Ehsan Hasanvand seddiqe mohammadiFusarium wilt (yellow) that caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, is an important disease and can cause severe damage to bean products world wide and cause reduced functional. Since farming techniques to control the disease is not completely effective MoreFusarium wilt (yellow) that caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, is an important disease and can cause severe damage to bean products world wide and cause reduced functional. Since farming techniques to control the disease is not completely effective, cultivars with genetic resistance to the disease are recommended. In order to identify resistant cultivars experiment in that randomized complete block design with three replications and 12 trkeatments, including different cultivars of beans. By method at a concentration suspension inoculation of root drench were inoculated. In root drench method suspension spores of pathogen because of healthy roots a lower percentage of spores could penetrating in roots. So it was far less severe symptoms and can say all cultivars has same statistical group and were resistant and infected cultivars tolerant. Considering the fact that the disease causes yellowing and wilting the factors concentration of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid concentrations and chlorophyll total concentrations were measured with evaluating resistant and tolerant cultivars were identified. Accordingly, cultivars Sayad and E9 respectively than other cultivars showed more resistant to the disease. Then the reaction is different bean cultivars to fungal F. oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli were evaluated using specific marker SCAR. According to cultivars Akhtar, Naz, Sadri, Sayad, E9 and WA with primer pairs SU20 have a band of 750 bp and A55 are resistant gene but cultivars Talash, Shekofa, Jegari, Aje, Khomeyn and capsules with specific primer pairs SU20 did not produce band. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Identification of Fusarium root rot from Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) in Dezful region and determination of genetic diversity of dominant species based on RAPD analysis and VCG groups
Vida Mahinpoo Reza Farokhi Nejad Hamid Rajabi Memari Zaynab BahmaniIn this study, Fusarium root rot from Tubers in Dezful (Khuzestan, Iran) were identified and genetic diversity of domnnat species was determined. Root Associated fungi were isolated using common isolation technique in laboratory. Collectively 143 isolates of fungi inclu MoreIn this study, Fusarium root rot from Tubers in Dezful (Khuzestan, Iran) were identified and genetic diversity of domnnat species was determined. Root Associated fungi were isolated using common isolation technique in laboratory. Collectively 143 isolates of fungi including 110, 27, and 6 at 4 species of Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F.equiseti were recovered and identified respectively. Genetic diversity of the population of F.oxysporum was determined using VCG and RAPD techniques. For VCG method, 45 isolates of fungus were selected randomly. Then nit mutant were generated on MMC and Czapeck media each containing 3% KClO3. Phenotypic classes of nit mutants were determined according of the growth types on basal medium containing one of four nitrogen sources (Nitrate, Nitrate, Hypoxanthine, and Ammonium). From recovered nits, 301, 171, and 45 were nit 1, nit 3 and nit M respectively. Complementation test was conducted among different nit mutant of different isolates in all combinations. Results revealed that all isolates were placed into 4 VCG groups, the largest one containing 28 and the rest containing 10, 3 and 4 isolates respectively. In addition, genetic diversity of theses isolates was studied using thirteen primers. Cluster analysis of RAPD data was done using UPGMA, Single and Complete methods. The best results obtained by UPGMA and dice coefficient, which distinguished six main groups at 61% similarity level. In this grouping, group I, III and VI had 2 members each, group II had 12 members. Ten of that belonging to VCG a and groups IV and V had one member each. No close relation was observed between VCG and RAPD method results. Pathogenicity test that was conducted using selected isolates of different VCGs revealed that all were pathogenic to plant. This research is first report of genetic diversity of F. oxysporum on Tuberose in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Evaluation of biocontrol potential of some Trichoderma and Bacillus species against the causal agent of Fusarium wilt of melons
Zaynolabedin Nurozei Kamran Rahnama Hojjatollah Rabbani nasab Misam TaqinasabThree isolates of Trichoderma spp. and two isolates of bacillus bacterial were evaluated in biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp melonis the laboratory and greenhouse condition. Dual culture, antimicrobial metabolites, and vo MoreThree isolates of Trichoderma spp. and two isolates of bacillus bacterial were evaluated in biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp melonis the laboratory and greenhouse condition. Dual culture, antimicrobial metabolites, and volatile metabolites were in invitro assay. Fungal pathogen colony area was recorded, compared with control and induced inhibition of growth was determined. The experiment displayed the antagonistic ability using dual culture simultaneous and dual culture un-simultaneous assays against fungal pathogen. Results showed that Trichoderma harzianum 6 whit 70% and T. viride10 whit 52.9 highest percentage of growth inhibition. Results of dual culture highest percentage of growth inhibition about 30.5 percent of isolates whit the Bacillus spp62 percent growth inhibit the growth factor. The volatile compounds Bacillus spp15 whit 12.37 percent of the precipitation was prevented from growing. In the treatment Bacillus spp62 and mixed two spice tin treatments at Trichoderma 14g1 respectively 84.93 and 84.95 were showed most effects on length growth of stem but most effects of increased fresh weight from up ground organ of plant, was mixed treatment as spices T. longibrachiatum and bacteria Bacillus spp.15. Most effects on root fresh weight were showed by Trichoderma harzianum. Most effect on stem dry weight T. viridae with T. harzianum. Most effects on increased dry weight were showed by Bacillus spp.15and T. harzianum. Results of the experiment show treatments have significantly different activity pathogen. Test average correspond were meant significant at 1% level by LSD test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Susceptibility assessment of potato cultivars to Fusarium wilts
Mehdi Nasresfahani Rasoul Sharifi Narges Nasrollahi Shima RamezaniFusarium wilt (Fusariumoxysporumf.sp. tuberose) is a major disease of potato, causing considerable damage and losses. The sources of genetically resistant are the best method of controlling the disease. In this study, the reactions of 18 potato cultivars wereassessed to MoreFusarium wilt (Fusariumoxysporumf.sp. tuberose) is a major disease of potato, causing considerable damage and losses. The sources of genetically resistant are the best method of controlling the disease. In this study, the reactions of 18 potato cultivars wereassessed to F. o f.sp. tuberosiin a factorial design with four replicates, in the greenhouse.Plants were inoculated (15 cm height) twice with three isolates of the pathogen by root inoculation (100 ml of 4×105 spore/ ml).Tento thirty days after inoculation cultivars were evaluated according to the symptoms disease index, the lengths of necrosis in vascular tissues, stem height and roots lengthsThere was a significant difference between parameters(P= 0.01). Necrosis lengths had maximum correlation in vascular tissues (r = 0.86), then root lengths(r = 0.75), symptom disease index scale (r = 0.73), and stem heights(r = 0.69). There was a significant difference between cultivars(P= 0.01). According to lengths of necrosis in vascular tissues cultivars divided in five groups, Gorican, Tiuva, Diamont, Marfona, Baraka,Aola and Moren were very susceptible and Olva, Folva and Alva were tolerant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - In vivo biological activity of Piriformospora indica, Sebacina vermifera and Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium wilt of lentil
Hossein Kari Dolatabadi Ebrahim Mohammadi GoltapehLentil Fusarium wilts, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis (Vasd. and Srin.) Gordon is one of the most important factors of reducing lentil yield in the world. Effect of four soil borne fungi Piriformospora indica, Sebacina vermifera, Trichoderma harzianum and Tr MoreLentil Fusarium wilts, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis (Vasd. and Srin.) Gordon is one of the most important factors of reducing lentil yield in the world. Effect of four soil borne fungi Piriformospora indica, Sebacina vermifera, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride on Fusarium wilt oflentilwere evaluated in a completely randomized design under greenhouse condition. Pathogen was inoculated to soil pots three times (10 days before sowing, while sowing and 10 days after sowing). Seventeen treatments including two controls (plant without pathogen and plant with pathogen) and fifteen combinations of above antagonistic fungi were inoculated while sowing. Different growth factors namely: plant heights, root length, dry weight of shoot and root and disease severity were assessed in flowering stage. Results revealed that the most effect of combination of antagonistic fungi was observed in pots inoculated with treatment (S. vermifera + T. harzianum). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Antagonistic effects of Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici causal agent of tomato wilt
Hesamadin RamezaniIn this study, the mycoparasitism inhibitory effects of five Trichoderma species (T. harzianum, T. koningi, T. longiconis, T. hamatum and T. viride) on the growth of the causal agent of tomato Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici) were investigated by dua MoreIn this study, the mycoparasitism inhibitory effects of five Trichoderma species (T. harzianum, T. koningi, T. longiconis, T. hamatum and T. viride) on the growth of the causal agent of tomato Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici) were investigated by dual culture in laboratory condition. In this step, the maximum and minimum inhibitory effect was caused by T. harzianum and T. viride. In the greenhouse, the comparison of the efficacy of disease decrease was carried out between soil and seed treatments affected by T. harzianum spores. Results showed that seed treatment did not cause disease decrease but soil treatment caused disease decrease by 92%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Efficacy of neem products compare with bavistin for management of Fusarium wilt of chickpea
Hesamedin Ramezani Sasan GhasemiA field trial was conducted to find out the efficacy of neem based [neem seed water extracts (NSWE) @ 40 ml/lit and Vanguard @ 5 ml/lit], comparison with bavistin @ 1.5 g/lit, against the Fusarium wilt of chickpea (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri). Bavistin proved to be MoreA field trial was conducted to find out the efficacy of neem based [neem seed water extracts (NSWE) @ 40 ml/lit and Vanguard @ 5 ml/lit], comparison with bavistin @ 1.5 g/lit, against the Fusarium wilt of chickpea (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri). Bavistin proved to be the most effective against the Fusarium wilt between these treatments. Maximum plant height was recorded in case of plot treated with Vanguard followed by seed water extract. Maximum number of pods was collected from plots sprayed with Vanguard. Highest grain yield was obtained due to bavistin, applied at 30, 50 and 70 days after sowing (DAS) but the benefit/cost ratio was highest (3.03:1) in one spray of NSWE, applied at 70 DAS which was more economical than other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Identification of some pathogenic fungal agents of crown and roots of rapeseed in Isfahan
Mehdi Nasrisfahani Azadeh Sanieirad Narges NasrollahiThe rapeseed (Brassica napus) is one of the most important oilseed crops throughout the world. This crop is being attacked by several pests and diseases. This studies were conducted for the identification of some fungal diseases under laboratory and glass-house conditio MoreThe rapeseed (Brassica napus) is one of the most important oilseed crops throughout the world. This crop is being attacked by several pests and diseases. This studies were conducted for the identification of some fungal diseases under laboratory and glass-house conditions on rape plants in Isfahan areas including; Braan, Koohpayeh, Mahabad, Mobarakeh, Dehaghan, Kabootarabad and Fraydan, where the infected plants were collected from the infected fields. The studies indicated that there are certain fungal pathogens infecting the areal and underground of rape plants. Isolation and growing cultures for identification of Fusarium species were with consistent and proper preparation of cultures on SA, WA, PDA, SNA, CLA, NASH & NYDER. Obtained isolates were identified by using morphological and various keys. All isolates were categorized in 5 species of Fusarium including: F. culmorum,F. heterosporum, F. lateritium, F. oxysporum,F. solani and one species of Rhizoctonia (R. solani). Disease severity was calculated under laboratory condition and compared with control using scoring scales (0-24). Results showed that, the highest level of infection was recorded by F. culmorum, F. lateritium, F. oxysporum,F. solani and R. solani, whereas the least infection was noticed by F. lateritium and F. heterosporum. It was also tested the isolated species on growth of plant and symptoms of disease. On the base of analyzing the data using DMRT (P=0.01%, 0.05%) on shoot length, fresh and dry weight of plants by different isolated pathogen, it was noticed significant effect compared to control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - The effect of Volatile Metabolites and Non Volatile Metabolites of Trichoderma in preventing the growth of Fusarium solani the causal agent of Fusarium dry rot of potato
Zahra Taghizadeh Sedighe Mohammadi Hosein AlaieFusarium solani the causal agent ofFusarium dry rot of potato has a wide host range and worldwide distribution. Trichoderma is the most commonly used fungal biological control agent and have long been known as effective antagonists against plant pathogenic fungi. In pre MoreFusarium solani the causal agent ofFusarium dry rot of potato has a wide host range and worldwide distribution. Trichoderma is the most commonly used fungal biological control agent and have long been known as effective antagonists against plant pathogenic fungi. In present study volatile and non-volatile compounds produced from seven isolates of Trichoderma species including T. harzianum (1, 2, 3 and 4), T. virens, T. koningii and T. longibrachiatum were avaluated for their antagonistic effects in vitro against F. solani. The volatile compounds produced form all antagonistic isolates showed mycelial inhibition of the test fungi. T. longibrachiatum and T. harzianum 3 revealed the highest and the lowest antibiosis activity against mycelial growth, respectively. Investigating the effect of non-volatile compounds at 5 and 10 ml concentration showed that the highest inhibitory percentage on mycelium growth of the pathogen caused by T. harzianum 1 (14.28%) and T. harzianum 2 (9.76%) respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Study of interaction between plant nutrition and cucumber Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum
Parvin Younesi Hasan Reza Etebarian Ali Mohammad RoustaeeCucumber wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum is one of the most important diseases of cucumber. Disease severity can be decreased by plant nutrition management, especially nitrogen level. In this study, the effects of nitrogen sources such MoreCucumber wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum is one of the most important diseases of cucumber. Disease severity can be decreased by plant nutrition management, especially nitrogen level. In this study, the effects of nitrogen sources such as KNO3 and NH4NO3 on the growth of fungus (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum) on PDA medium and interaction between plant nutrition (N) and cucumber Fusarium wiltdisease on some cultivar of cucumber in greenhouse hydroponic culture were investigated. The effects of nitrogen sources such as KNO3 and NH4NO3 were investigated on growth area of F.oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum on PDA medium by a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Variance analysis of growth area of the fungus showed significant effect on the different factors used in this experiment. The highest area growth of fungus was obtained at 0.1 g/l for KNO3 . Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) significantly reduced the mycelial growth compared to the control treatment. Effects of different N levels were investigated on two greenhouse cucumber cultivars (exterem and soltan) at the presence of fungus (F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum). A completely randomized design with 4 replications was used for this experiment. The results showed that increasing of nitrogen level (20 meq/l NO3-) compared to the control treatment (distilled water + fungus) decrease the disease severity. The results showed that cucumber nutrition with nitrogen affects the F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. Also the importance of plant nutrituin management for decrease of disease severity was shown. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Optimization of double strand RNA extraction from some isolates of Fusarium sp.
Davoud KOOLIVAND Mahdi DAVARI Nemat SOKHANDAN BASHIR Mahdi ARZANLOUThe majority of viruses infected fungi which have been reported contain double-strand RNA (dsRNA) genomes. Mycoviruses are introducing as agent of the biological control of fungi according to hypersensitive properties. In this research, eight isolates belong to Fusarium MoreThe majority of viruses infected fungi which have been reported contain double-strand RNA (dsRNA) genomes. Mycoviruses are introducing as agent of the biological control of fungi according to hypersensitive properties. In this research, eight isolates belong to Fusariumgenus include ofF. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. tricinctum, F. proliferatum and F. incarnatum survived to dsRNA infection. Due to using of hazardous material such as phenol and complicated procedure in different dsRNA extraction protocols in mentioned research phenol and chlorophorm was removed , using less tissue and dsRNA extraction time was reduced compared to other methods. Result showed that four isolates infected by dsRNA also, mentioned method has sufficient efficiency and convenient for dsRNA extraction from fungi tissue. Also, dsRNA was reported fromF. incarnatum (F. semitectum) for first time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - A review of the status of the Musnadalia in the book of Anas al-Taibin by Shih Ahmad Jam Namaghi
Jan Mohammad Afrazi Hamid Tabasi Abolghasem RadfarRhetoric is a method that can be used to influence the listener or reader, and it is divided into three parts: meaning, expression, and innovation. The science of semantics, one of the tools to understand the beauty of a text, can be a suitable criterion in evaluating t MoreRhetoric is a method that can be used to influence the listener or reader, and it is divided into three parts: meaning, expression, and innovation. The science of semantics, one of the tools to understand the beauty of a text, can be a suitable criterion in evaluating the poem and text of a poet or writer. In this research, in a descriptive-analytical way and with library tools; The secondary purposes in the rhetorical use of Musnadali's situations in presenting or delaying and addressing, mentioning or omitting, knowing or rejecting, adjectives and binding have been analyzed based on the books of rhetorical sciences. The analysis of the book of Anas al-Taibin shows that the mention of the Musnadaliyya was more important than its removal, and it seems that his goal in both cases of mentioning or removing the Musnadaliyya was to express the content more in the shortest time, with the greatest emphasis. and in presenting and delaying the Musnadali, the presentation of the Musnadali is more important than its delay, and the Sheikh's motivation for presenting and delaying the Musnad Aliya was for the purposes of "putting the Musnad Aliya in the audience's mind" and expressing "pain and sorrow". For more emphasis, Sheikh Ahmad Jam introduced the Musnad Aliyah by adding it to a noun, pronoun, or adjective, and used the Musnad al-Nakrah less than the Masnad al-Marafa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Investigating the linguistic structure of Ali Hatami's Hazardastan series
Narges Iraji Javad Mehraban ghezelhesar Majid TaghavibehbahaniThe problem of the present research is to discover the aspects of literature in the script of Hazardastan as the most famous work of Ali Hatami. Hatami is one of the most influential characters in Iranian cinema whose unique narratives and dialogues in his scripts are u MoreThe problem of the present research is to discover the aspects of literature in the script of Hazardastan as the most famous work of Ali Hatami. Hatami is one of the most influential characters in Iranian cinema whose unique narratives and dialogues in his scripts are unparalleled in the history of Iranian cinema. But it is unique. To the extent that even some of the dialogues and monologues of his works have become proverbs, and clearly the traces of unique dialogues of his works should be searched in the field of Iranian classical literature. In order to solve the problem and achieve its goal, with a descriptive-analytical method, the literature of Hatami's thousand-hand dialogues has been examined from two aspects: firstly, the aspects of the author's use of rhetorical and aesthetic literary techniques have been studied, and on the other hand, using the theory of intertextuality Borrowing aspects of this work from classical literature have been analyzed. The results of the present research show that, first of all, the literature of the dialogue-oriented text of Hazar Dastan is due to the author's benefit from all kinds of verbal and spiritual literary techniques; It is like a metaphor/animation, simile, irony, alliteration, sarcasm and pun. In the next stage, it was found that Hazardastan is connected with the treasure of Iranian literature using explicit and implicit intertextuality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Studying allusion in the poems of seyyed Ali Musavi Garmarudi & Mohammad Ali Moallem Damqani
zahra abazari vajiheh torkamaniAllusion is one of literary industries that persian literature poets have continuously paid attention to it in in their own works from long time ago. Among contemporary poets, Musari Garmarudi & Moallem Damqani are those poets who have used different allusions in th MoreAllusion is one of literary industries that persian literature poets have continuously paid attention to it in in their own works from long time ago. Among contemporary poets, Musari Garmarudi & Moallem Damqani are those poets who have used different allusions in their poems. The purpose of these poets is sometimes the narration of historical and religious stories and some other times they have tried to indicate their own ideas and thoughts in poem form indirectly through using allusion. Although the use of allusion by those poets is religious or based on mythology, apparently, they inspire a lot of political concepts to their readers through poem form, and it is the same artistic reflex of allusion. These poets using allusion in revolutionary, religious and holy defence poems forms have grafted ancient events to their own time events. In fact, it can be said that their main purpose is to change poem to an information source for contemporary people. The findings of this research wich have been obtained based on library and document ways, through descriptive investigation method, indicate that the percentage that Musavi Garmarudi has used allusion in his poems is higher. He has used allusion in his poems about 56/43% but Mo᾽allem Damqani has used allusion about 43/57% .Among all used allusions in their works, it can be stated that 77/61% are religious, 2/4% are based on Koran, 9/24% are literary, 6/84% are historical and 3/91% are mythological ones, that the religious allusions have had the most percentage of use in the poems of these two poets. Also, allusion to the prophet Moses with 9/07% in the poems of Musavi Garmarudi and allusion to the holy prophet Mohammad (p.u.h), with 12/21% in the poems of Moallem Damqani have had the most use, repetition and frequency in comparison with other personalities or titles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Investigation of Biological Control of Dodder (Cuscuta monogyna Pers.) by a Strain of Fusarium oxysporum
Eliyeh Ganji Reza Ghorbani Kiyoomars Bakhsh KelarestaghiEastern dodder is an obligate parasite of many orchard and ornamental plants which has caused extensive damages to them and city landscapes, in recent years. In order to control this parasite biologically, a research was done during 2010-11. Infected tissues of dodder w MoreEastern dodder is an obligate parasite of many orchard and ornamental plants which has caused extensive damages to them and city landscapes, in recent years. In order to control this parasite biologically, a research was done during 2010-11. Infected tissues of dodder were collected from fields and the city landascapes of Mashhad. One strain of Fusarium oxysporum which was identified with identification key was selected as the best strain and applied on dodder after its connection to the host in three experiments which were conducted using completely randomized designs in greenhouse. In these experiments of the effects of different concentrations of spore suspensions (104, 105, 106 and 107 spores ml-1), various dew periods (0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours) and host domain were investigated. Results indicated that the pathogenicity of isolate increased with increasing spore concentration. Therefore, the concentration of 107 spores ml-1 caused 20 percent reduction in dry mass of dodder. Increasing length of dew period caused more diseases. The result of the experiment showed the most severe pathogenicity and 32.9 percent reduction in dodder mass, in more than 18 hours of dew period. Consequently, it can be inferred that this strain has the potential ability of controlling the dodder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations in postmenopausal women with breast cancer following aerobic exercise
Mehrzad Moghadasi Reza Nouri Laleh Karami Bonari Shima Gholamalishahi Mohadeseh Nematollahzadeh Mahani -
Open Access Article
155 - A Long-term Casual Nexus between Stock Price and Dividends: Empirical Evidence from the Accepted Firms in Tehran Stock Exchange
Mahboobe Motakiaee -
Open Access Article
156 - Effect of Sesames and Propyl gallat as Antioxidant on Lipid Oxidation in Sausage
Sana Gholamrezaei Alireza RahmanMeat products are very prone to Oxidative spoilage. Lipid oxidation is one of main factors that are responsible for bad flavor and reducing quality of meat products. This oxidation would takes place due to the destruction of fat-soluble vitamins and fatty acids. This st MoreMeat products are very prone to Oxidative spoilage. Lipid oxidation is one of main factors that are responsible for bad flavor and reducing quality of meat products. This oxidation would takes place due to the destruction of fat-soluble vitamins and fatty acids. This study has been conducted to investigate the effect of sesamol and propyl gallate as antioxidant agent on lipids oxidation in sausage. The details of the samples in this research is following, control sample without any Antioxidant material, T1 contains 600 ppm sesamol and without propyl gallate antioxidant, T2 contains 450 ppm sesamol and 150 propyl gallate, T3 contains 300 ppm sesame and 300 ppm propyl gallate, T4 contains 150 ppm sesamol and 450 propyl gallate and T5 contains 600 ppm propyl gallate without sesamol anti-oxidant. Tests were conducted with 3 times replication in all steps. Evaluated characteristics have been contained results of peroxide, TBA and pH in day 0, 15, 30, 45, 60respectively.Sensory evaluation was also conducted at the end of the tests. Levels of Peroxide and TBA were increased with increasing time, however, this increase was higher in control sample and it was determined that pH. Levels of chosen samples have not been changed in comparison with control sample but after passing of time, levels of this character decreased in all samples and control one. It can be concluded that 600 ppm anti-oxidant propyl gallate, have shown the best results on most evaluated characters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Evaluation of Different Tillage Systems and Fertilizer Types on Grain Yield and Yield Components in Several Rapeseed Cultivars
Javad Tarighi Mousa AzadIn order to evaluate different tillage systems and fertilizer types on grain yield and yield components on rapeseed, an experiment was done on the farm of Moghan Agro-industry Company in 1399-1400. This experiment was performed in a completely randomized with three repl MoreIn order to evaluate different tillage systems and fertilizer types on grain yield and yield components on rapeseed, an experiment was done on the farm of Moghan Agro-industry Company in 1399-1400. This experiment was performed in a completely randomized with three replications. Tillage as the main factor in three levels (conventional, low tillage and no tillage), type of fertilizer as a secondary factor in two levels (animal manure 5t/ha and ammonium phosphate fertilizer 500 kg/ha and the cultivar tested to title of sub-factor was considered at two levels (Neptune and Barley). Main, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight and grain yield at 1% probability level and grain yield in fertilizer type were 5%. The highest average grain yield was 5 tons / ha and the lowest It was obtained without tillage and ammonium phosphate fertilizer (500 kg / ha). 1 and 5%), number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and grain yield were significant at 1% probability level, with the highest mean for low tillage treatment (5 tons of animal manure). R hectares in Neptune cultivar) and animal manure 5 tons per hectare in Neptune cultivar and the lowest average was obtained without tillage (500 g ammonium phosphate fertilizer per hectare in Neptune cultivar) and animal manure 5t/ha in Neptune cultivar. The results of comparing the mean of the three interactions of tillage systems in fertilizer type and cultivar type on yield components showed that the highest mean of low tillage treatment in animal manure of 5t/ha and Neptune cultivar and the lowest average of no tillage treatment in ammonium phosphate fertilizer 500 kg per hectare and Barley cultivar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Barriers to the Implementation and Use of Internet Banking in the Keshavarzi Bank
Morteza Gholamian Hossein Hakimpour Azar Kafashpour Mehdi Mahmoudzadeh -
Open Access Article
159 - The Efficacy Of Educational Intervention Based On Health Belief And Self-Efficacy Model On Psychological And Physical Health Promotion Behaviors In Menopausal Women
Maryam Behnam moradi hasan Ahadi mohammad reza SeirafiThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of educational intervention based on health belief model and self-efficacy on psychological and physical health promotion behaviors of menopausal women working in Tehran's nongovernmental schools in 1396. The MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of educational intervention based on health belief model and self-efficacy on psychological and physical health promotion behaviors of menopausal women working in Tehran's nongovernmental schools in 1396. The statistical population consisted of all girls' non-governmental schools in Tehran. Among them, 60 menopausal women were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly were assigned in two experimental and control groups (each group 30). The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. Data were collected by Walker Standard Questionnaire (2014). The experimental group was trained in 6 sessions of 2 hours each on health promoting behaviors. The data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that education was effective in improving the health promotion behaviors in experimental group and there was a significant difference between the menopausal women of the two groups (P <0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Proposing Causal Model of Adjustment to Cancer Based on Attachment Styles and Mediating of Causal Attribution Styles in Women with Cancer
Moharram Fathollahi Anvigh Ali Khademi Mahin Etemadinia Ali Shaker DolaghThe purpose of this research was to propose the causal model of adjustment to cancer based on attachment styles and mediating of causal attribution styles in women with cancer. Statistical population Included women with cancer in Urmia that were treated during the first MoreThe purpose of this research was to propose the causal model of adjustment to cancer based on attachment styles and mediating of causal attribution styles in women with cancer. Statistical population Included women with cancer in Urmia that were treated during the first six months of 2019. 360 patients were selected as sample by using purposive sampling procedure. The research design was a correlation of structural equations. Three questionnaires of Adult Attachment Styles (1987), Causal Attribution Styles (1983) and Mental Adjustment to Cancer (1989) were implemented to collect data. The data was analyzed via Partial Least Squares method for structural equation modeling and PLS software. The research results indicated direct and significant relationship between attachment and causal attribution styles and significant direct and indirect relationships between attachment styles and psychological adjustment to cancer(p < 001). Also, a significant direct relationship and effect was observed between causal attribution styles and psychological adjustment to cancer(p < 001). The overall result of the research showed that the model had the ability to predict and optimum goodness of fit and was well constructed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Social and Cultural Components of Femininity in Shahrzad’s a Thousand and One Nights Stories
Fatemeh Rahmatian Shahriar Shahidi Amir Ali Nojoumian Fatemeh Bagherian Leili PanaghiThe research was purposed to study social and cultural components of femininity in Shahrzad’s a thousand and one nights’ stories. The research universe consisted of all Shahrzad’s a thousand and one nights’ stories. The sample included the gender MoreThe research was purposed to study social and cultural components of femininity in Shahrzad’s a thousand and one nights’ stories. The research universe consisted of all Shahrzad’s a thousand and one nights’ stories. The sample included the gendered stories. the research was designed as qualitative in terms of thematic analysis. The femininity concepts based on either effeminate content or the heroine of the romantic, fiction, journey, jinni and fairy, pedagogics, wisdom and virtue stories were reviewed and extracted by implementing the content analysis. The findings indicated that woman was the most crucial subject of a thousand and one nights’ stories; and played a significant role in all the stories. Also the more important point to be discussed was that the narration was attributed to be created by a woman, Shahrzad. Sharzad could express a new narration for femininity by storytelling and not only saved her life but also she could reconcilliated her homeland with femininity. In fact, she brought the femininity from text to context so to be heard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Examining the Relationship Between Thinking and Problem-Solving Styles with Marital Satisfaction in Women Experiencing Spousal Emotional and Cultural Abuse
Mozhdeh Zarifi Eghbal ZareiThis research aimed to examine the relationship between thinking and problem-solving styles with marital satisfaction in women who experienced spousal emotional and cultural abuse. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women who had experienced spousa MoreThis research aimed to examine the relationship between thinking and problem-solving styles with marital satisfaction in women who experienced spousal emotional and cultural abuse. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women who had experienced spousal emotional and cultural abuse in Yazd city. Among them, 150 individuals were selected as the sample using purposive sampling method. The research was designed as a descriptive correlational. To collect data, the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Fowers & Olson, 1989), Thinking Styles Questionnaire (Sternberg and Wagner, 1991), and Problem-Solving Styles Questionnaire (Cassidy and Long, 1996) were implemented. The data were analyzed by applying Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression as main statistical procedure. The results indicated a significant positive relationship between marital satisfaction, legislative thinking, executive thinking, hierarchical thinking, anarchic thinking, local thinking, introvert thinking, extrovert thinking and effective problem-solving styles. The results also revealed that marital satisfaction was significantly and negatively correlated with judicial thinking, monarchic thinking and inefficient problem solving styles. And that there was not existed a significant correlation between monarchic thinking, global thinking, liberal thinking, conservative thinking styles and marital satisfaction. The findings also showed that legislative thinking, hierarchical thinking, local thinking, introvert thinking, effective and inefficient problem-solving styles predicated 56.9 percent of the marital satisfaction variance (p<0.001). Other variables were not able to predict the marital satisfaction. Therefore, some of the thinking styles and problem solving styles in women who experienced spousal emotional and cultural misbehaviors could improve marital satisfaction by taking advantage of proper social and cultural contexts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid: An Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Multi-Component Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones under Solvent-Free Conditions
Heshmatollah Alinezhad Neda Ghobadi -
Open Access Article
164 - Bronsted Acidic Ionic Liquid: An Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for the Multi-Component Solvent-Free Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones
Heshmatollah Alinezhad Neda Ghobadi -
Open Access Article
165 - Identifying and Measuring Cause and Effect Relations Factors Affecting Organizational Agility Using Theme and Demetal Analysis Method (Case Study: Metal Products Industries of Kaveh Industrial City)
Ahmad Talebizadeh Hasan MehrmaneshIn today's world, uncertain environment and high market competition has increased the importance of finding agility due to the necessity to act fast and meet the needs of the market day by day. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to use Demetel method to inve MoreIn today's world, uncertain environment and high market competition has increased the importance of finding agility due to the necessity to act fast and meet the needs of the market day by day. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to use Demetel method to investigate the causal relationships between factors affecting organizational agility in Kaveh Industrial City.The research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data type. The statistical population of the study consisted of senior experts of metal products industries in Kaveh Industrial Township. The content analysis was used in the qualitative section and the dimensional method was used in the quantitative section.The themes were identified using eight themes of customer satisfaction, accountability, organizational change, agility, transformational leadership, information technology, learning organization and flexibility for agility. And four dimensions of transformational leadership, information technology, learning organization, and flexibility were identified as the most effective variables using the DEMATEL method. Transformational leadership is the most influential and agile organization with the most influence and the most effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - The association of perceived social support and emotional self-regulation with relapse of drug usage in women
katayoon elahi mohammad reza saffarian toosiThis research aimed to investigate the association of perceived social support and emotional self-regulation with relapse of drug usage in women. This study was a cross-sectional from type of correlation. The statistical population of research included all woman narcoti MoreThis research aimed to investigate the association of perceived social support and emotional self-regulation with relapse of drug usage in women. This study was a cross-sectional from type of correlation. The statistical population of research included all woman narcotics anonymous who had undergone detoxification of Mashhad city in 2017 year. From them 103 person were selected by available sampling method and all of them completed the questionnaires of perceived social support (Zimet and et al, 1988), emotional self-regulation (Garnefski and et al, 2001) and temptation of post-detoxification craving (Fadardi and et al, 2008). Data was analyzed with Pearson correlation and multivariate regression with stepwise model methods. The findings of correlation showed perceived social support, positive emotional regulation strategies and negative emotional regulation strategies had a negative and significant relationship with relapse of drug usage in women. Also the finding of regression showed the variables of positive emotional regulation strategies and perceived social support can predict 12/1 percent of variance of relapse of drug usage in women (P<0/05). According to the results, it is suggested counselors and psychologists of addiction treatment centers to prevent of relapse of drug usage in women improve the perceived social support and emotional self-regulation of them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - The efficacy of Group cognitive therapy on loneliness and the attitude towards life of the first grade male students in one of Susa junior high schools at the 2014-15 academic year
Abbas SenobarThis study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Group cognitive therapy on loneliness and the attitude towards life of the first grade male students in one of Susa junior high schools. This semi-experimental research design consists of pretests, posttests, and a cont MoreThis study was conducted to assess the efficacy of Group cognitive therapy on loneliness and the attitude towards life of the first grade male students in one of Susa junior high schools. This semi-experimental research design consists of pretests, posttests, and a control group. The population of the study composed of all male students in the first grade of Susa junior high schools. In order to select subjects, cluster sampling method was used and one school was randomly selected. Then 40 students of this school were randomly selected and placed into an experimental groups (n=20) and a control group (n=20). The experimental group had 12 ninety- minute sessions of group cognitive therapy based on the Michael Frey’s model. The questionnaires used in this study were the revised version of loneliness questionnaire (UCLA; Russell, Pepla and Katrona, 1980) and attitude towards life questionnaire (LRI; Batista, 1998) and conducted in groups. The data obtained was analyzed by the SPSS Software using ANCOVA analysis. The results of this study showed that (1) there was a significant difference between the performances of two groups on loneliness test. It means that the group cognitive therapy had an effect on reducing loneliness. (2) There was a significant difference between the performances of two groups on attitude toward life test. It implies that the group cognitive therapy had an impact on increasing students' attitudes towards life. In general, group cognitive therapy - based on the Michael Frey’s model- relatively improved the loneliness and the attitude toward life indicators among participants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Testing the causal model of public health based on trust in God and social support with mediation Personality traits in women
Abdolamir gatezadeh somayeh hatamiThe aim of the current research is to test the causal model of public health based on trust in God and social support with the mediation of personality traits in women. The research method of this study is structural equation correlation. The studied population included MoreThe aim of the current research is to test the causal model of public health based on trust in God and social support with the mediation of personality traits in women. The research method of this study is structural equation correlation. The studied population included all female heads of families covered by Izeh city between May and July 1401 in the number of 1300 cases. 230 female heads of the family were selected based on JPower software as a purposeful sampling. To collect data, Beck and McDonald (2004) Trust in God questionnaires, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (1988), McCree and Costa (1989) five-factor personality scale, and Goldberg's General Health (1972) were used. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (path analysis). The analysis results confirmed the fit of the hypothetical research model. Path analysis coefficients showed that trust in God and social support have a direct effect on public health. Among the personality traits: neuroticism has a negative effect on public health, and extroversion, adaptability, responsibility, and empiricism have a direct and significant effect on public health. Also, trust in God and social support through personality traits have an indirect effect on general health. Therefore, it can be said that there is a relationship between trust in God and social support with general health, and this relationship can be moderated by the role of personality traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - A Study of Interactive Contracts in Nasfi Interpretation in Comparison with the Translation of the Discovery of Mysteries Based on Norman Fairclough Theory
tayebeh ebrahomy shahr abad saber emami farhad tahmasbi"Tafsir Nasafi" by "Najm al-Din Nasafi" is one of the most important works of the 5th and 6th centuries of Hijri, in which the author has presented a translation of the Qur'an. Among the other important commentaries of this period are the Tafsir "Kashf-al-Asrar and odat More"Tafsir Nasafi" by "Najm al-Din Nasafi" is one of the most important works of the 5th and 6th centuries of Hijri, in which the author has presented a translation of the Qur'an. Among the other important commentaries of this period are the Tafsir "Kashf-al-Asrar and odat-al-Abrar" by "Abul Fazl Meybodi " in which the author has interpreted the Qur'an with a mystical perspective. The discourse analysis of these two books can very well show the authors' beliefs and ideologies. One of the important theories in the field of discourse analysis is the theory of "Norman Fairclough" in which The relationship between the internal and external criteria of the text is examined. Fairclough examines the text in three axes of description, interpretation and explanation. One of the topics that is discussed in the text description section is which of the interactive conventions the author uses. and how is the turn-taking system for speaking in the text managed? Examining this issue depends on the power relations between the two sides of the conversation. , sometimes the commentators add additional explanations in their translation. They give the possibility to the researcher to determine their intellectual structure in this field. According to his historical and interpretive information, Nasafi has acted in a strong way in this field. this article, the authors intend to analyze the discourse in the translation of these two books in the context of interactive data using a descriptive-analytical and library method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - A Research on the Rrchetypes in the Story of "One Thousand and One Nights" by Najib Mahfouz
Kamran Ghodsi Giti kave bagh-BahadoraniCommon concepts of human ancestors have been transferred from generation to generation, and in the depths of the unconscious mind, these Archetypes are universal and has their roots for million years. one Thousand and One Nights, including many of the world Saradby effe MoreCommon concepts of human ancestors have been transferred from generation to generation, and in the depths of the unconscious mind, these Archetypes are universal and has their roots for million years. one Thousand and One Nights, including many of the world Saradby effects that sometimes old samples to reflect the symbolic practices. In this article, the story and the story of the from the perspective of archetypal criticism, is reviewed and, based on this archetype (anima, Animos, Twins shadow, mask, love, fairies and demons, evil, hero, battle of good and evil, self and self-Khdaangary) is analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Causal factors of human resource Self-empowerment in Iranian government organizations
mohsen Gharakhani kumars Ahmadi adel salavatiThe present study was performed by combining qualitative (data-based) and quantitative (survey) methods. The statistical population of the study consisted of two qualitative-quantitative parts; in the qualitative section, it consisted of two groups: managers and employe MoreThe present study was performed by combining qualitative (data-based) and quantitative (survey) methods. The statistical population of the study consisted of two qualitative-quantitative parts; in the qualitative section, it consisted of two groups: managers and employees of government organizations. Sampling in this section was non-random and purposeful. In total, the initial sample of the research was for 40 people (20 managers of government organizations and 20 employees). Finally, by conducting 20 interviews, the researcher achieved theoretical saturation to calculate the final model and in the quantitative section, the statistical population included all employees of the Department of Economy and Finance of Kurdistan Province (89 people in total). Using Cochran's general formula, 72 of them were randomly selected as the sample size. Findings indicated that three categories of individual, organizational and social factors were identified as causal factors affecting the phenomenon of employee empowerment; The results of assessing the causal conditions and creating self-empowerment of human resources in a small sector by confirming the findings of the quality sector, showed that 26% of respondents assessed the current causal situation in the organization as unfavorable and 30% as favorable and the results of the assessment of the current situation after the causal conditions showed that the respondents had the best evaluation of organizational factors and in contrast to the worst evaluation of social factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Preparation of Talaromyces flavus liquid and microcapsule formulations and their application in commercial tomato greenhouses to increase yield
Laleh Naraghi Seyed Reza Fani Sadegh Jalali Maryam Negahban Shahram NaeimiWith the recent advances in the application of biotechnology in various sciences, the preparation of liquid bio-formulations and microcapsule suspension/powder from the important antagonistic fungal agent Talaromyces flavus has been investigated in recent years. In the MoreWith the recent advances in the application of biotechnology in various sciences, the preparation of liquid bio-formulations and microcapsule suspension/powder from the important antagonistic fungal agent Talaromyces flavus has been investigated in recent years. In the first year of this research, a type of liquid bioformulation, a type of microcapsule suspension, and a type of microcapsule powder were prepared for use in tomato greenhouses. During one year, commercial greenhouses were investigated in tomato greenhouses in two regions of Yazd and Isfahan with a history of Fusarium wilt disease. The treatments in each study of the commercial greenhouse were 1-3) each of the liquid formulations, microcapsule suspension, and microcapsule powder by soil application, 4-6) each of the liquid formulations, microcapsule suspension, and microcapsule powder with the tomato seedling root dip, 7) Talaromin fungicide by soil application, and 8) a control (without any formulation and fungicide application). The results indicated that all three formulations in both application methods (soil application or seedling root dip and seed impregnation for tomatoes and cucumbers, respectively) significantly increased the yield of tomatoes compared to the control. Altogether, microcapsule powder with seed impregnation and liquid formulation with soil application were the most effective treatments with approximately 50% and 60% increases in yield compared to the control, respectively, for the management of tomato Fusarium wilt disease. According to the obtained results, the production method of these formulations is considered technical knowledge, and it is possible to carry out their commercialization steps. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Investigating the Dimensions of the Customer Relationship Model Based on Banking Policies in Maskan Bank
Ali Keshavarz Asadollah Mehrara Mohammad Reza Bagherzadeh Yousef Gholipour -
Open Access Article
174 - Semiotics of cultural memory "One Thousand and One Nights" and " One Thousand and one days"
reza taheri Ismail Azar sara Zirak One Thousand and One Nights and One thousand and one days are Persian folk literature and the meaningful part of the historical memory of the Iranian people. These two works, which were created in the context of the Persian language and the Iranian (Himself) More One Thousand and One Nights and One thousand and one days are Persian folk literature and the meaningful part of the historical memory of the Iranian people. These two works, which were created in the context of the Persian language and the Iranian (Himself) Semiosphere to create the norm and order of the cultural system, In the translation process They surprised other culture and Over time, they greatly influenced world literature. These two works, with the Insignia similar, signifier arrangement and semantic guidance in the Semiosphere and similar texts in Persian tales, making this question , how is the relation the relationship between these two works and in memory of the text of world literature? So, this research has a descriptive analytical approach based on Yuri Lutman's theory of cultural semiotics: Study of bilateral and calico relationship between different sign systems, Affected by examining translations and texts of these two works In the cultural memory of world literature. and concludes: The cultural signs of these works has the representation of conflict, tolerance and Iranian man’s dialogue with nature, society and with Adjacent cultures. The translation of these stories was the discourse of Iranian culture with other cultures. The beginning of this discourse was accompanied by the repetition and sequence of translation production, Then, by influencing the method of producing new texts based on the pattern of Iranian stories, the automation and its reflection in other cultures, it caused the evolution of those cultures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - The Role of Gender in Persian Translations of A Thousand Splendid Suns Based on Waddington’s Model
Mahjabin Jouya Sima Sayadian Amin Naeimi Being among the most controversial issues in the social arena, gender has always made difference among people in societies. Gender is always a topic for research including translation studies which are mainly interested in the representation of ideas in translati More Being among the most controversial issues in the social arena, gender has always made difference among people in societies. Gender is always a topic for research including translation studies which are mainly interested in the representation of ideas in translation process and product. This study attempted to investigate the role of gender in Persian translations of A Thousand Splendid Suns based on Waddington’s model, method C. In the present study, two translations of A Thousand Splendid Suns were studied, one of them was translated by female translators, Ganji and Soleyman Zade and the other one was translated by a male translator, Ghabraei, and they were compared based on Waddington’s model, method C. Although there were some deletion cases in male’s translation, the results of chi-square showed that there was not any significant difference between the translators in their success to maintain the quality and accuracy in translation. The results of the study showed that the female translators outperformed the male counterpart in completing the part of accuracy. It is hoped that the findings of this research would be beneficial not only to English Translation teachers and learners, but also to translators as well as translation institutes. Furthermore, translators are supposed to translate the books and avoid the errors in the present study regarding quality and accuracy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Comparative Analysis Dignity Of AbuSa'id Abolkhair and Sheikh Ahmed Jam (Based on the books Asraraltvhyd and Maghamat Zhendeh pill)
reza JALILI Dignity as a violation of the principles of Sufism that is used outside the range of normal human power has always been a contentious issue between Sunni Islam and Sufism. Proponents, but the dignity of signs of a full knowledge, its approval, but its opponents t More Dignity as a violation of the principles of Sufism that is used outside the range of normal human power has always been a contentious issue between Sunni Islam and Sufism. Proponents, but the dignity of signs of a full knowledge, its approval, but its opponents through to satisfy power and wealth will know Sufi views. In Sofia, AbuSa'id Abolkhair and Sheikh Ahmed Jam are two of the many Dignity have been quoted in many books, so that this real and fictional characters Featuring one of them. On this basis, it will be considered in this research, comparative analysis and explanation of the greatness of thought and behavioral similarities and differences between these two famous mystic. Studies show that the two, despite the proximity distance, intellectual and mystical character of distantly related and each one, with a slight similarity of thought and behavior, in the full knowledge that different valley. So that AbuSa'id Advocate Sufism with love and hope and Sheikh Jam, the adherents of Sufism Ascetic spent with fear. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Discourse and postmodern elements in the poems of Seyed Mehdi Mousavi
Zainab Watankhah Seyyed Mahmoud Seyed Sadeghi Maryam Parhizkari Persian classical poetry, especially lyric , in continuation of its evolution, after the constitutional revolution and after the intellectual domination of the Nimaei current, has witnessed various areas and currents, one of which is mainly under the banner of tod More Persian classical poetry, especially lyric , in continuation of its evolution, after the constitutional revolution and after the intellectual domination of the Nimaei current, has witnessed various areas and currents, one of which is mainly under the banner of today's lyric or new lyric or neoclassical poetry. Be. In the 1970s, a fledgling movement based on the idea of Western postmodernism created an atmosphere known as form poetry or avant-garde. Which in its nature had a kind of conflict with the known criteria of the literary tradition. Seyyed Mehdi Mousavi, the leading poet of this movement, became the flagship of this style with the publication of the book "fereshtaha kodkosh kardand". This article seeks to analyze the discourse of this idea and the linguistic and content characteristics and approaches of Mousavi's poems.The method of the present research is qualitative and descriptive. In this research, the mentioned poems have been examined and the findings of the research show: The idea of postmodernism, which showed itself in literature, was initially faced by the poems of the poets Nosora and SepidgooBut with effort Mousavi and the choice of rhythmic and maqfi poetry has been able to open its way.The next finding shows that linguistic, syntactic, moral and attention to language deconstructions are evident in Mousavi's poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Response of wheat advanced and elite lines to Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight in field condition
Maryam Kheirkhani Mohammad Torabi Mohammad Ali DehghanTo evaluate resistance of wheat advanced and elite lines to fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum), 61 genotypes obtinedfrom Cereal Research Department of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute were grown at agricultural research field of Agricultural and Natural Res MoreTo evaluate resistance of wheat advanced and elite lines to fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum), 61 genotypes obtinedfrom Cereal Research Department of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute were grown at agricultural research field of Agricultural and Natural Resources Reserch Center of Gorgan in 2012 using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Inoculums of the pathogen was increased on wheat straw in laboratory and a mixture suspension of spores of five isolates were sprayed on plants at two growth stages of heading and anthesis.After development of disease in field, disease incidence, disease severity and disease index were assessed for each line. Based on the results, none of the lines were immune or resistant, but lines ARWYT-N-90-2, ERWYT-N-90-20 and ERWYT-N-90-4 with lower disease index exhibited an acceptable level of resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Evaluation of the resistance of some tobacco cultivars to fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode under natural field infection conditions
Marzieh Shazdehahmadi Seyed Afshin SajjadiFusarium wilt fungiFusarium oxysporum f.sp. nicotionae and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita), are the most important soil-borne tobacco pathogens in Iran and over the world. Access to resistance genetic resources and cultivation resistant cultivars to th MoreFusarium wilt fungiFusarium oxysporum f.sp. nicotionae and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita), are the most important soil-borne tobacco pathogens in Iran and over the world. Access to resistance genetic resources and cultivation resistant cultivars to these pathogens, are the most basic control methods to these pathogens and damage reduction come from epidemic disease, especially in the northern province of Iran. This research was studied in order to evaluate the resistance of 6 tobacco genotypes, including (BCE, HBT8, K17, Burley BB163, and Burley Geel 3) and Burley 21(as sensitive control) in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications during 2014-2015 under natural field infection. Fusarium wilt resistance evaluation based on Moorman et al with scale (0 - 4) evaluated on a weekly basis and resistance to root- knot nematode at the end of season based on number of galls, number of egg masses and the average number of egg per mass with scale 0 - 10 was performed. Evaluation the severity and progress of both diseases in the different cultivars showed that prevalence of these diseases by starting the heat season and air humidity has increased and these two pathogens have the synergistic effect together in the soil of field. The results of this research showed that Burley 21, Burley BB163, Burley Geel3 with sensitivity indexes 8,6,6 were respectively in groups susceptible, moderately susceptible, K17 with sensitivity indexes 4 are moderately resistant and BCE, HBT8 cultivars with sensitivity index 2 were in resistant groups to soil-borne pathogens. According to these results the BCE and HBT8 identified as a resistant cultivars and Burley 21 identified as a most sensitive cultivar under natural field infestation conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Evaluation of resistance of selected bread wheat genotypes of cereal research department of Seed and plant institutes to Fusarium head blight in field conditions
Mohammad-Ali Dehghan Ali Milihipoor Manouchehr KhodarahmiIn this study, 224 wheat genotypes which had good agronomic characteristics were selected between 1700 collection of Cereal Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, to evaluating against diseases FHB, leaf rust and powdery mildew resistance in field co MoreIn this study, 224 wheat genotypes which had good agronomic characteristics were selected between 1700 collection of Cereal Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, to evaluating against diseases FHB, leaf rust and powdery mildew resistance in field condition in Golestan province. After land preparation, seed of each genotype were planted on a line with length 1.5 meters below mist irrigation systems. Spikes at 50% flowering (stage 65 of the Zadoks) were inoculated with spore suspension of fungi isolates of Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum) within three days of one another in two stages. To evaluate genotypes resistant to leaf rust, in stem elongation (stage 35 of the Zadoks), were sprayed with a mixture of spores of the pathogen. Genotypes were evaluated to powdery mildew with naturally infected area. Notes the reaction of genotypes diseases mentioned above, the standard method of assessment for all diseases. The results showed that, 60 percent of genotype in disease incidence of Fusarium head blight were moderately susceptible and 30% were susceptible reaction and the rest were moderately resistant and resistant, but in disease severity FHB, 30% of moderately susceptible reaction, 37% susceptible and the rest were placed in resistant and moderately resistant groups. In the disease index FHB of genotypes showed that 20 percent moderately susceptible, 22% susceptible, 34% moderately resistant and 24 percent showed good relative strength. Results evaluated genotypes reaction to leaf rust races in the region showed that 43% resistant, 47% susceptible and others 10 percent were moderately resistant or moderately susceptible. In this study, 17% of genotypes were resistant, 25% moderately resistant, 27% moderately susceptible and 31% were quite susceptible. After analysis of the data, 20 genotypes were favorable partial resistance to any of the diseases studied, were introduced as sources of resistance and molecular genetics of resistance to genetic unit Cereal Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Study of pathogenicity and determination of mating type of Fusarium proliferatum isolates
Sepideh Karimi Zanjani Asl Vahid Rahjoo Majid ZamaniFusarium proliferatum is the dominant agent of maize fusarium ear rot in many areas of the world especially in Iran. Among several Fusarium isolates recovered from infected maize ears, 12 isolates were identified as F. proliferatum according to morphological and physiol MoreFusarium proliferatum is the dominant agent of maize fusarium ear rot in many areas of the world especially in Iran. Among several Fusarium isolates recovered from infected maize ears, 12 isolates were identified as F. proliferatum according to morphological and physiological characteristics. In order to determine mating population and mating type of isolates, all 12 isolates were crossed with standard tester isolates of F. proliferatum on Carrot Agar (CA) media and were incubated under the mixture of cool-white and near-UV lights for three to four weeks. This test was repeated twice with three replications. Morphological identification of all isolates was confirmed by mating population test so that all 12 isolates of F. proliferatum belonged to mating population D of Gibberella fujikuroi complex. The results of mating type test showed that seven isolates were MAT-1 (58.3% frequency) and five isolates were MAT-2 (47.7% frequency). Pathogenicity test on stems of susceptible maize line (MO17) was done using toothpicks method in field, greenhouse and laboratory (Detached stem). The Pathogenicity of isolates was evaluated by measuring the necrosis length on inoculated stem. The results of variance analysis of pathogenicity tests showed significant differences among isolates in all mentioned methods. In field, greenhouse and laboratory trials, isolates SK27, SK32 and SK24 had the highest diseases severity (length necrosis), respectively. Significant and positive correlations were observed between field and greenhouse tests (r = 0.86**), field and laboratory tests (r = 0.75**), and greenhouse and laboratory tests (r = 0.75**). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Study on the infections status of Fusarium wilt disease of tobacco in Golestan province
Seyed Afshin SajjadiFusarium oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae, the causal agent of tobacco fusarium wilt, is one of the important agents that distributed worldwide and cause yield losses in tobacco growing countries. Control of this pathogen are accomplished through the use of chemical control, MoreFusarium oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae, the causal agent of tobacco fusarium wilt, is one of the important agents that distributed worldwide and cause yield losses in tobacco growing countries. Control of this pathogen are accomplished through the use of chemical control, biological control, use of plant extracts, resistant cultivars and etc. The objective of this study was to evaluation of infections status of this disease in the tobacco fields of Golestan province. 45 tobacco fields in the five different villages of Gorgan region (Valeshabad, Taghartappeh, Jafarabad, Nodehmalek and Ghorogh) and the four different villages of Aliabad region (Baraftan, Pichakmahaleh, Elazman and Fazelabad) were selected in 2016 year. From the beginning of disease symptoms appearance, weekly surveys were done from fields and amount of disease incidence percent was recorded during the infection period. Statistical analysis were done using Stat Graphics Centurion XVI software. The results of this research showed that the based on the highest disease incidence there were no significant differences between regions, but there were significant differences (P<0.001) among fields. One field with disease incidence 48.2% in Valeshabad was highest disease incidence and combined Valeshabad with disease incidence 31.16% had the highest infection and Taghartappeh with disease incidence 18.5% had the lowest infection. Based on areas under disease progress curves, there no significant differences between regions, but there were significant differences (P<0.001) between fields. One field with under disease progress curves 1816.2 in Valeshabad had highest. In combined Valeshabad with 2700 had highest disease progress curves and Taghartappeh with 971.8 disease progress curves had the lowest. The results of this study show that Fusarium wilt disease of tobacco in all regions in Golestan province (Gorgan and Aliabad) with different rate of expansion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Study of effect of methanol extracts of Garlic, Cinnamon and liquid smoke from tobacco waste on Inhibitionof Tobacco Fusarium wiltof pathogen fungi
seyd afshin sajadiTobacco Fusarium wilts of pathogen fungi are important phytopathogens distributed worldwide and can cause yield losses in tobacco growing countries. The management of fungal soilborne pathogens are accomplished through the use of pesticides, resistant varieties, biologi MoreTobacco Fusarium wilts of pathogen fungi are important phytopathogens distributed worldwide and can cause yield losses in tobacco growing countries. The management of fungal soilborne pathogens are accomplished through the use of pesticides, resistant varieties, biological control, and use of plant extracts is done. The use of plant extracts for management of this disease is preferable because pesticides are expensive and may pollute the environment. This design investigated the inhibitory effects of some medicinal plant extracts on growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae the cause of tobacco collar rot and selection of a suitable concentration is performed in the laboratory in Tirtash Research and Education Center in 2018. The plants (Garlic and Cinnamon) were extracted with methanol and liquid smoke used in this study was obtained from the pyrolysis of tobacco waste. Tobacco waste was pyrolyzed in furnace in the absence of oxygen and smoke was converted to liquid smoke with cold water. This study were carried out in factorial with three factors including: crude extracts (Garlic, Cinnamon and Tobacco waste) and 6 concentration (0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 ppm) based on Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications. The minimum inhibitory concentration of each extracts was determined by agar diffusion method. Results indicated that crude extracts of Garlic, Cinnamon and Tobacco waste (liquid smoke) have remarkable antifungal activity. With increasing concentrations of plant extracts, inhibitory effect on mycelium growth of fungal F. o f. sp. nicotianae increased. The minimum inhibitory concentration of liquid smoke of tobacco waste and methanol extracts of Garlic and Cinnamon on tobacco Fusarium wilt of against fungiwere equal to 2000, 4000 and 4000 ppm, respectively. The liquid smoke of tobacco waste at concentrations greater than 2000 ppm has fungicide and methanol extracts of Garlic and Cinnamon at concentrations greater than 4000 ppm has fungistate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - The inhibition effect of thyme and ajwain extracts on Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli
Roghieh ganji Mojdeh Maleki Neda KheradpirFusarium root wilt by Fusarium solani f. sp. phsaeoli is one of the most import soil borne diseases of bean crops world-wide. Currently the control of the disease using fungicides is present in most of the technical recommendations, despite the environmental side effect MoreFusarium root wilt by Fusarium solani f. sp. phsaeoli is one of the most import soil borne diseases of bean crops world-wide. Currently the control of the disease using fungicides is present in most of the technical recommendations, despite the environmental side effects. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying healthy control solutions such as the use of plant essential oils and extracts. In this study, the inhibition effect of the essential oils of two plants was investigated in laboratory conditions on the pathogenic fungus. Iperidoine+Carbendazim fungicide, 1.5/1000 was used as a comparison criterion in experiments. The studied features were the speed growth rate of the fungus and the mycelial growth inhibition five concentrations of the studies plants. Results showed that MGI was 58.30 % for thyme in 100 ppm and 41.17 % for ajwain at 100 ppm. The fungicide showed the highest MGI rate at 78.53 % and thyme extracts at the highest concentration was not at the same Duncan group with the fungicide. According to the results, it can be concluded that thyme extract would be an alternative for the common fungicides to control Fusarium root wilt. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - The inhibitory growth of Fusarium oxysporum fsp lycopersici, the causal agent of tomato fusarium wilt by essential oils in comparison of Trichoderma antagonist fungus
Dariush Shahriari mahya Fathi Aqdam mojdeh MalekiTomato Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum fsp lycopersici is an important disease to tropical regions and sandy soils of Iran. In this study, the effect of essential oils of thyme, zynan, fennel and antagonist fungus of Tricoderma harzianum (Th-va-104) evaluated MoreTomato Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum fsp lycopersici is an important disease to tropical regions and sandy soils of Iran. In this study, the effect of essential oils of thyme, zynan, fennel and antagonist fungus of Tricoderma harzianum (Th-va-104) evaluated on the colony growth rate and growth inhibition in seven concentrations of 100-1000 ppm on PDA medium in vitro. The minimum percentage of inhibitory growth (Ec50) determined in essences of thyme, zynan and fennel with 83.95, 62/685, and 59.97% respectively. Tricoderma showed the maximum inhibition of fungal mycelial growth of F. oxysporum fsp lycopersici as 78.53% followed by thyme. The effect of thyme, Fennel and zynan essential oils at the concentration of 0.5 and 1, Fungicide (Iprodione+Carbendazim 52.5% WP) by concentrations of 1.5 and Tricoderma were evaluated in a completely randomized block design in greenhouse experiments. The essential oils were incorporated with potting soil with planting seedlings and Trichoderma fungus simultaneously in three days before transplanting. The percentage of disease severity index was assessed four weeks after inoculation. The results demonstrated that the disease index severity of thyme and Trichoderma by 2.6 and 2.06 respectively were placed in the closest disease index to check. The root area fresh and dry of thyme treatment (1.53, 2 gr), shoot area weight mean (13.19, 1.82) and the root area fresh and dry of Trichoderma (1.79, 0.27 gr) and shoot area weight mean (12.77, 1.63 gr), respectively were classified in the similar statistical groups with check. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Comparison of virulence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum isolates from different regions of Iran and their impact on vegetative growth of cucumber
Farzaneh Lak payman kermani Seyed Habib ShojaeiFusarium wilt on cucumber caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum is an important and common disease of cucumber in Iran. In this study, differences of pathogenicity between several isolates and their impact were assessed on the plant growth parameters. MoreFusarium wilt on cucumber caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum is an important and common disease of cucumber in Iran. In this study, differences of pathogenicity between several isolates and their impact were assessed on the plant growth parameters. The pathogenicity of 50 isolates collected from cucumber plants with wilting and yellowing symptoms from different geographic areas of Iran, were examined on cucumber, Negin cultivar. The inoculated and control plants were placed at 25°C for 14 days. Disease severity and the weight of root and crown were measured 10 days post-inoculation. Studied factors showed significant difference at 1% level among isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum. The maximum percentage of disease was observed in plants treated by F-111-2, F-133-2 and H8; while the highest disease severity induced in plants treated by F-111-2, F-160-12 and F-111-5. F-111-5, F-160-12 and F-121-4 incited the most decrease in root weight. The crown weight decrease in the presence of F-160-12, F-121-4 and F-111-10 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum correspondingly. Totally, due to the results, it could be concluded that f-160-12 can be considered as the most severe pathogenic isolate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Risk zonation mapping of Fusarium Head Blight disease of wheat using Fuzzy and GIS model in Golestan province
Hanieh Naderi Mirmasoud Kheirkhah Zarkesh Masoud GoodarziThe purpose of this study was to provide a zoning map of susceptible areas to Fusarium head blight disease of wheat ear; the obtained model was compared by fuzzy logic method with the zonation map obtained from reports of Plant Protection Research stations in Golestan p MoreThe purpose of this study was to provide a zoning map of susceptible areas to Fusarium head blight disease of wheat ear; the obtained model was compared by fuzzy logic method with the zonation map obtained from reports of Plant Protection Research stations in Golestan province. For this purpose, the average of humidity, temperature and precipitation parameters were determined for 45 days in autumn wheat growth period in the stage 65 of the Zadox scale. According to the opinion of plant pathologists and the time of occurrence of Fusarium head blight in Golestan province, preparation of zoning maps was determined through early-April to mid-May period in three days intervals. A total of 15 zoning maps were created and susceptible areas to disease were identified in this model. Zoning was classified into four categories: safe (0-25%), low risk (26-50%), hazard (51-75%) and high risk (76-100%).Validation of the results was admitted by Kappa coefficient method. The results showed that if the spikes were in the susceptible growth stage, the incidence and development of the disease would be predictable from early-April to early-May in the determined areas with a validation of 76%. The symptoms of the disease are not recognizable in the spikes during the mentioned period. The results of this study can be helpful for researcher and related experts in forecasting the disease and decision making of disease management at the best time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Evaluation of Trichoderma spp. isolates for biocontrol of fusarium wilt of carnation in greenhouse
Asma Moeeni Mohammad Torabi Dariush ShahriariOne of the most destructive soil-borne diseases of carnation is fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporumf.sp. dianthi. In This study, antagonistic potential of different isolotes of three Trichoderma species on growth of the pathogen in laboratory and control of the d MoreOne of the most destructive soil-borne diseases of carnation is fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporumf.sp. dianthi. In This study, antagonistic potential of different isolotes of three Trichoderma species on growth of the pathogen in laboratory and control of the disease in greenhouse was investigated. Isolates of the antagonist were Ta1, Ta2 and Ta3 belonging to Trichoderma atroviride, sixteen isolates Th1-Th16 belonging to T. harzianum and one isolate Tl1 belonging to T. longibrachiatum. Dual culture and colonization tests were carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications. Isolates Ta3, Ta2 and Ta1 which completely covered colonies of the pathogen after five days, were the mosts successful colonizers. Inhibitory effect of volatile metabolites of Ta3 isolate in 72h and 96h cultures of the pathogen and antagonis (60% and 72%, respectively) was higher than those of the other isolates. In greenhouse, soil treatment with isolates of Trichoderma, to study the biocontrol effects the isolates was carried out in an experiment with 21 treatments in three replications. The results showed that different isolates could control the disease in different levels. Isolate Ta3 had the highest effect on disease control and reduction of cuttings death, followed by isolates Ta1, Ta2, Ta3 and Th2. In general, the antagonist isolates had less effects on growth of the plant, but reduced disease severity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Study on distribution of the pathogenic fungal agents of wheat root and crown rot in West Azarbaijan province
Javad Valizadeghan Abbas Ali RavanlouThis study aims to identify factors important pathogenic fungi in the roots, crown and base irrigated wheat in Western Azerbaijan Province in 1393 was carried out. For this purpose, wheat fields in different regions of Urmia, Naghadeh, Mahabad, Miandoab, Piranshahr, Osh MoreThis study aims to identify factors important pathogenic fungi in the roots, crown and base irrigated wheat in Western Azerbaijan Province in 1393 was carried out. For this purpose, wheat fields in different regions of Urmia, Naghadeh, Mahabad, Miandoab, Piranshahr, Oshnavieh, Khoy, Salmas and Qarah Zia od Din visited and from fields with symptoms of growth retardation accompanied by discoloration and decay in root, crown and base samples were taken. Pieces of 1 cm in length from the root, crown, and base were grown on acidic PDA media. Separation and purification steps of fungi were performed on WA, PDA, CMA, SNA, PCA and NM culture media. Pathogenicity test on the wheat seedling of pioneer cultivar using wheat grains and placement of mushroom blocks in the vicinity of plant organs under greenhouse conditions was carried out. Based on morphological characteristics including color and colony growth, Shape and dimensions of conidia, and conidia producing cells identified using valid keys. In this study, samples were taken from 56 farms and 81 fungal isolates belonging to the genus Fusarium, Bipolaris, Rhizoctonia and Pythium were isolated and identified. In this study, species, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. graminearum, F. acuminatum and B. sorokiniana as important factors in irrigated wheat fields to nominate dumped into decay. Most of the distribution range of the genus Fusarium respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Genetic diversity of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae the causal agent of onion root and basal rot disease
Bahar Haghani Mahdi Nasr Esfahani Mohammad TorabiRoot and basal rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae is one of the most important diseases of onions that causes significant economic losses in onions fields. To recognize the genetic diversity and relationship among isolates of the pathogen, 30 isolates which ha MoreRoot and basal rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae is one of the most important diseases of onions that causes significant economic losses in onions fields. To recognize the genetic diversity and relationship among isolates of the pathogen, 30 isolates which had been collected from Isfahan, Kerman, Ardebil and Fars provinces, Iran were studies in 2012. Pathogenicity diversity of the isolates was investigated by inoculation of all isolates on three cultivars of onion named Sefid Kashan, Sefid Ahvaz and Ghermez Azarshahr in greenhouse. Genetic diversity of the isolates was also investigated by RAPD and PCR-RFLP techniques using ITS1 / ITS4 primers. Molecular data were analyzed by NTSYS-pc software and isolates were then classified using Jaccard coefficient and UPGMA simulated methods. In pathogenicity experiment, onion bulbs infected with isolates were planted in pots and maintained in greenhouse with 25 ˚C, 70% RH and 12h light. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with five replications and disease severity for each isolate were assessed three weeks after planting. The results showed that disease severity of isolates was significantly different at 1% level of probability in different onion cultivars but no significant relationship was detected in pathogenicity variation and genetic diversity among the isolates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Low magnetic field effect with magnetic water on the control of Fusarium wilting of seedlings of tomatoes
Arash Momeni Saghar KetabchiTomato Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici is one of the most important diseases of tomato in Iran and also around the world. Magnetic fields can be considered as an environmental factor that can have a significant effect on the performance and MoreTomato Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici is one of the most important diseases of tomato in Iran and also around the world. Magnetic fields can be considered as an environmental factor that can have a significant effect on the performance and growth of plants. The interaction between the magnetic field and the time of seed exposure in the field has been extremely effective in promoting plant growth characteristics. A similar phenomenon of resonance increases domestic seeds’ energy, if the right combination of magnetic field and the time of exposure are applied which would lead to higher yield level. North Pole causes higher plant growth and South Pole prevents it. In this study, a 3-D magnetizer X.Y.Z. device (such as a MRI medical device with non-hazardous wavelength) was applied to make tomato seeds and seedlings magnetic in varied treatments. Among the treatments, the best result was achieved by using the combination of immersed seeds in magnetized water 0.7M through the magnetic field 0.4mT for 60 minutes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Cemetery of Dowl Pahn and the Pottery of Susa IVA-IIIB
Khodakaram MazaheriThe First mid of third millennium BC is one of the main archaeological periods in central Zagros that nevertheless lack and dispersion of archaeological documents (special in central Lorestan), depth change and culture evolutions happen in this period. In this study, we MoreThe First mid of third millennium BC is one of the main archaeological periods in central Zagros that nevertheless lack and dispersion of archaeological documents (special in central Lorestan), depth change and culture evolutions happen in this period. In this study, we have studied, compared, analyzed and identified the species of gathered finds during archeological surveys on Cemetery of Dowl Pahn. This place is a cemetery connected with nomadism settlements which is located in the near of Dareh-Shahr, one of towns in Ilam province. Study of gathered ceramic fragments during archeological surveys on Cemetery of Dowl Pahn indicates that in southern districts of western pish-i kouh, pottery tradition Susa IIIB-IIIC was dominated before formation of the monochrome painted pottery tradition of Godin III6/Susa IVA. Found documents of cemeteries like Dowl Pahn and Mirvali indicates the influence of Proto-Elamite culture in southern valleys of centeral Zagros. It seems that monochrome painted pottery tradition before spread in Susa IVA/Godin III6 period in different districts of central Zagros had been spread in some southern districts of this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Gender Archaeology; An Analytical Review of Gender Symbols in Proto-Elamite Anthropomorphic Nominal Chain of Signs
Donya Etemadifar Masoud Ahmadi Afzadi -
Open Access Article
194 - Dakkatol-Qada in the Mosque of Kufa from an Ancient Point of View and Judging at the Beginning of Islam “Looking at the Judicial Jurisprudence of Ayatollah Mousavi Ardabili”
Zahra Ahmadi Afzadi Mohamad Sadegh Elmi Sola Hosein NaseriMoghadam -
Open Access Article
195 - Synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles by chemical method and investigation of their antimicrobial properties
Mina Ramezani Asma Shamsai Ramin Mohammadi-AlouchehIntroduction: Copper oxide is one of the most important metal oxides that has unique properties in various technological applications, such as superconductors, and has been used as an antimicrobial agent against numerous bacterial species. In the present study, CuO Nps MoreIntroduction: Copper oxide is one of the most important metal oxides that has unique properties in various technological applications, such as superconductors, and has been used as an antimicrobial agent against numerous bacterial species. In the present study, CuO Nps was synthesized using chemical methods and its antimicrobial activity was investigated. Materials and Methods: Copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using the microwave method, and XRD, EDX, SEM, FTIR, and UV-vis analyses were performed to investigate the physical and chemical properties. The antimicrobial and antifungal effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on pathogenic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Fusarium solani were evaluated using MIC and MBC tests and well diffusion assay. Results: The results showed that at a concentration of 20 mg/mL, copper oxide nanoparticles inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Similarly, growth inhibition of Escherichia coli was observed at a concentration of 4 mg/mL of nanoparticles. Furthermore, Fusarium solani exhibited increased sensitivity to copper oxide nanoparticles at concentrations higher than 50 mg/mL, with a growth inhibition zone diameter of 18 mm at a concentration of 100 mg/mL. Discussion and Conclusion: Copper oxide nanoparticles can be introduced as a strong antimicrobial agent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Isolation and identification of soil-borne bacteria with the effect of Fusarium oxysporum ioinhibition in tomato plants
Maryam Safdarian Jamshid RazmjooIntroduction: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an alternative to chemical pesticides against harmful microorganisms especially soil-borne diseases. Fusarium oxysporum is one of the important pathogenic fungi of tomato wilt that causes serious damage to agr MoreIntroduction: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an alternative to chemical pesticides against harmful microorganisms especially soil-borne diseases. Fusarium oxysporum is one of the important pathogenic fungi of tomato wilt that causes serious damage to agricultural products.Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the inhibition of the growth of Fusarium oxysporum with bacteria isolated from soil in laboratory conditions.Materials and methods: In order to isolate biological inhibitors, isolates were screened based on the ability to auxin and phosphorus solubilization, siderophore production and fungal growth inhibition. Molecular identification of selected isolates was done by 16SrDNA gene amplification. Investigating the ability of bacteria to control the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. It was done under greenhouse conditions.In this study, to screen successful bacterial isolates, the inhibition of pathogen growth was evaluated in-vitro.Results: Moreover,. Among the 80 isolates studied, seven isolates had the ability to produce auxin, ten isolates had the ability to P solubility, six isolates had the ability to produce siderophore, and seven isolates had the ability to inhibition pathogen growth. Among the isolates 56 and 83 had the highest amount of auxin production and the P solubility and the fungal growth inhibition. Multiple alignment of the 16SrDNA sequence of two selected bacteria with other 16SrDNA sequences in the NCBI gene bank showed that isolates 56 and 83 with 98 and 99.9 percent similarity belong to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus atrophaeus, respectively.Conclusion: Among the isolates, seven isolates in vitro conditions showed a good ability to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum. In greenhouse experiments, all 5 isolates as significantly (P<0.05) they controlled the disease, and the most control was related to isolate 56. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Computer Arithmetic in modern computers and usages of Computer Arithmetic
pouya shams ahari -
Open Access Article
198 - The Role of House Outdoor Environment Features in Creating Home Attachment
Sayedeh Poorandokht Saadati -
Open Access Article
199 - Explain the causal model of organizational culture in conflict resolution between the individual school principals in Tabriz
jafar bahadorikhosroshhi ramin bahadorikhosroshhiThe purpose of the present study was explaining the causal model of organizational culture in conflict resolution in individual school principals in Tabriz. The study was based on causal model and path analysis. The population of Tabriz that all school administrators in MoreThe purpose of the present study was explaining the causal model of organizational culture in conflict resolution in individual school principals in Tabriz. The study was based on causal model and path analysis. The population of Tabriz that all school administrators in the 2016-2017 school year that number was 140, according to statistics provided by the Organization The number of 97 people multistage random sampling method and were selected using Cochran formula. To collect data by the Inventory organizational culture Cameron & Quinn (2006) and Inventory organizational conflict Inventory-II (ROCI-II) Rahim (1995). Data was analyzed using path analysis. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was confirmed. The results showed that the effect of organizational culture is conflict resolution accommodating, integrating and obliging positive and significant and conflict resolution dominating negative and significant. Also effect of organizational culture is conflict resolution avoiding negative and not significant. Therefore attention to the organizational culture managers can be reduced of conflict resolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Influencing factors on Students’ usage of Information and Communication technologies (ICT) in Isfahan University
zohre aghakzhiri bibieshrat zamaniThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate the students’ rate of ICT usage and factors influencing it based on demographics information. The research population included students from faculties of science, engineering and Humanities. 400 studen MoreThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate the students’ rate of ICT usage and factors influencing it based on demographics information. The research population included students from faculties of science, engineering and Humanities. 400 students were selected by using stratified proportional sampling methods. The study was a descriptive one. For collecting data a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The face validity and the content validity of the instruments were well established at the experts’ discretion. To examine their reliability, the Cronbach Alpha was used; the resulting coefficients were quite satisfactory (0.89). The data analysis included the application of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), independent t-test and dependent t-test. The research findings revealed that the students’ self efficacy in using ICT was more than average. Factor influencing using of ICT were included access to computers, perceived need for using computers and students’ self efficacy. There were differences among students regarding demographic information such as gender, level of education and academic background. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - The role of secret treaties in world war 1 in dissolution and breakup Ottoman Empire
saeid najafinezhadDuring world war 1, the Allied signed some secret treaties regarding to weakening and partition of the Ottoman Empire. To make a good comprehension of how the Ottoman Empire partition happened, and which reasons and settings led to it, we'd better know the essence of th MoreDuring world war 1, the Allied signed some secret treaties regarding to weakening and partition of the Ottoman Empire. To make a good comprehension of how the Ottoman Empire partition happened, and which reasons and settings led to it, we'd better know the essence of these treaties and their effects on the Ottoman Empire annihilation. The question that what additional short term aims the Allied pursued via these treaties, except their main purpose, i.e., the partition of the Ottoman Empire is another thing arises regarding this subject. Totally, it seems signing the secret treaties of association between some European countries, also between these countries and the leading secessionists of Arabic areas of the Ottoman Empire and separating that territory into some imaginary parts before they were supposed to do so had affected very much the annihilation of Ottoman Caliphate process. Therefore, by analyzing sources date back to last years of Ottoman Empire era, also worthwhile and available sources about world war 1 events and its subsequences, we can develop correct perception of these secret treaties and their role in dissolution of the Ottoman Caliphate. Keywords: the Ottoman Empire partition, secret world war1 treaties, treaty of Sevres, treaty of Lausanne Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - An investigation into Purchasing, Selling-Renting and loaning economic documents in ancient Elam
زهرا میراشه kamal aldin niknami بهمن فیروزمندیAncient Susa lay at the northwestern edge of the Khuzestan plain in the southwest of Iran. The Concentration on crops and harvesting consequently led to technological advancement and wealth accumulation. Gradually, as the result of unsuitable conditions and improper per MoreAncient Susa lay at the northwestern edge of the Khuzestan plain in the southwest of Iran. The Concentration on crops and harvesting consequently led to technological advancement and wealth accumulation. Gradually, as the result of unsuitable conditions and improper performance, starvation, violence and wars emerged in this area. Susiana plain was suitable for agricultural activities. Farm lands belonged either to the royal family and ruling class, temples or free farmers. Elam rulers had complicated and overwhelming responsibilities to maintain and improve agricultural products, or other matters such as observing irrigation systems, creating water canals and passing laws in this regard. Discovered documents from this period are relatively indicating the complicated social and economic relationships among different classes of the society which can shed light on the socio-economic structures in Elam society. Our current knowledge concerning the ancient economy of Elam as one of the main corner stones of the Elam culture formation comes from the written documents and limited archaeological evidences from Susiana excavations and Mesopotamian documents which are not sufficient enough to recreate the economical pattern of this era. In the present paper, we first analyze the role of agriculture in the economy of the Susiana plain as well as selling, purchasing and renting contracts of agricultural lands. Finally, the common system of collateral concerning agricultural lands will be discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Persian Gusan - Indian Krishna
Duman RiyaziThroughout history, there were several nations forced to speak other languages and to learn about other cultures as a result of war, migration, religious beliefs, and so on. This fusion of language and culture has led to the emergence of many artistic styles and forms. MoreThroughout history, there were several nations forced to speak other languages and to learn about other cultures as a result of war, migration, religious beliefs, and so on. This fusion of language and culture has led to the emergence of many artistic styles and forms. This was a reciprocal influence on the culture and art of both countries or all the countries involved in the specific historic event such as war, migration, etc. Archaeological excavations carried out by Professor Ed Keele and a Canadian archeological team at Yazdgerd castle before the revolution of Iran revealed a critical column that contained a number of motifs. After a while, the column was moved to the ROM Museum in Toronto.In this article I provide reference to evidence and documents form pasts centuryes to present, and I would make this argument that one of these motifs can be an obvious representative of a dancer or a singer. This paper includes a piece from my lifelong research in the field of theatre and show form.The article explains how the carved details in the form and cover of this excavated motif are very similar to Gusan and maybe Krishna, the Indian god. There are several historical Books that talk about Gusans as pioneers of acting in the world. The hypothesis explains how this mural can be perceived as a typical role of a Gusan. A proposed explanation is provided as to how the prominence of a Gusan can adorn the palace of a king. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Genealogy and historiographic explanation of the fall of Baghdad in Persian historiographical works up to the 10th century
Maryam Nazaralhooey Mahboubeh SharafiThe fall of the Abbasid caliphate is one of the important events of the 7th century AD, which had various reflections in written historical sources. Each of the historians have narrated the event based on their perspective on history. In order to understand the historia MoreThe fall of the Abbasid caliphate is one of the important events of the 7th century AD, which had various reflections in written historical sources. Each of the historians have narrated the event based on their perspective on history. In order to understand the historians' approach to the fall of Baghdad, this research tries to analyze the historians' perspective by using the historical method, based on the comparative approach, in three indicators of social, causal, critical and providential approaches. For this purpose, by identifying the most important works of Persian historiography in the period from 656 to 907 AD, we will study and compare the narratives and approaches of historians regarding the fall of Baghdad. The findings show that some narrators have a political and providential approach to the event, and their historiography is a continuation of traditional Iranian Islamic historiography. Some others, with a causal approach to history, with a social and causal, critical approach, criticized the political and social performance of the Caliph and those around him, and held them responsible for the incident. Their historiography method seems to be a step towards analytical historiography. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - The Gardens of Ghaznavids period : usages (according to the History of Beyhagi)
shahrzad sasanpourThe history of Beyhagi is not only one of the most famous Persian literary texts, But, in turn, it is an important source of cultural and social history of Iran in ghaznavids period. In this book, there are many entries about artists, architectural monuments and artwork MoreThe history of Beyhagi is not only one of the most famous Persian literary texts, But, in turn, it is an important source of cultural and social history of Iran in ghaznavids period. In this book, there are many entries about artists, architectural monuments and artworks including governmental and private gardens.This paper intend to study, from a social-cultural perspective, usages of gardens in this period. The main question of this research is whether the governmental gardens were built during this period only as a symbol of the glory of kings, to represent or they have other usages also. To answer this question, by examining the text, the relevant material was collected and classified and using descriptive-analytical method was set. The findings were organized in two parts: The first part, deals the garden features in the cities of Ghazni, Herat, Balkh, Nishapur, and the second part studies the usages of gardens from political, military, administrative, religious, sporting and recreational aspects of early Ghaznavids period Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Criticizing The book Tasmiyat Man Qotel Ma’ al-Husayn
ebrahim salehiThe book Tasmiyat Man Qotel Ma’ al-Husayn (the names of martyrs of Karbala) was written in the second century (A.H.) by Fozayl ibn Zobayr. 106 persons are named in this book as those who martyred in Karbala in defense of Imam al-Husayn. The importance of this book MoreThe book Tasmiyat Man Qotel Ma’ al-Husayn (the names of martyrs of Karbala) was written in the second century (A.H.) by Fozayl ibn Zobayr. 106 persons are named in this book as those who martyred in Karbala in defense of Imam al-Husayn. The importance of this book is that it is regarded among those old authentic sources in this regard. The author has mentioned some names that are considered in other authentic sources as the names of Imam al-Husayn’s enemies, such as: Mohajir ibn Ous, Kathir ibn ‘Abdollah and Bokair ibn Hay. Following this book, some authors circulated this point. This article tries to show that this book is not reliable in spite of its oldness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Study of style and method of Achaemenid period's architecture
mahmoud seyed mahnaz babaeeIn Achaemenid period, a special style of architecture evolved, in which traditions and customs of different nations settling in Achaemenid country came into view. One of the earliest monuments of Achaemenid architecture is Cyrus palace which was built at the first domic MoreIn Achaemenid period, a special style of architecture evolved, in which traditions and customs of different nations settling in Achaemenid country came into view. One of the earliest monuments of Achaemenid architecture is Cyrus palace which was built at the first domicile of the government at Pasargadae and involved a number of buildings among a garden surrounded by walls. The art of Achaemenid kingdom in 6th to 4th B.C is divided into two categories: first is the art of Persian kings, which best represented in Pasargadae; the other is the art of kings after Darius. Although, in architecture and decorative designs of Pasargadae, Cyrus attempted to integrate different elements from the conquered territories in its artistic design, but in Persepolis, one more step was taken where Achaemenid kings created a unique court style by combining artistic elements from Egypt, Babylonia, Ilam, Lullubi, Medus, Urartu, and Ionia/Ludia. The innovation brought by Darius persisted until the end of Achaemenid reign. This new style was not only reached its peak in architecture of Persepolis, but also was applied in architecture of kings' buildings in Susa, Ecbatana and Babylonia. In fact, Achaemenid architecture is an art integrated from architecture styles of Babylonia, Assur, Urartu, Lullubi (rocky architecture), Greek, Egypt, minor Asia nation- states… which by showing artistic skills and Iranian innovation has created an independent kind of architecture. By building this huge buildings they wanted to show the greatness of their kingdom to the world. In this research it is attempted as much as possible to deal with all aspects of Achaemenid period's architecture and using other tribes' art in it. This article is mostly about the architectures of Pasargadae, Persepolis and Susa. In this direction, an overview of this period's architecture is presented. At the end, we presume that although the architecture art of this period has been an integration of the art of tribes and neighboring countries, however, the spirit and manifestation of Iranian art in this period's architecture is remarkable and undeniable. In other words, its Iranian aspect is more prominent than its other foreign manifestations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - The impact of Urartu architecture of Achaemenid architecture
amir akbari ameneh fatahiAbout 1500 BC, Urartu civilization took power in West Azerbaijan, East Anatolia and North Kurdistan. They were contemporaneous with the Assyrians in northern Iraq and the Elamite civilization in the West of Iran. Further details of the civilization of Urartu, were found MoreAbout 1500 BC, Urartu civilization took power in West Azerbaijan, East Anatolia and North Kurdistan. They were contemporaneous with the Assyrians in northern Iraq and the Elamite civilization in the West of Iran. Further details of the civilization of Urartu, were found in the Assyrians writings. Urartu kingdom after years of war and competition with Assyria, in the 8th century BC were vanished and the remaining came under the power of the Medes. in the land that was widespread from shore west of the Caspian Sea to Modern Syria and the Mediterranean Sea, Urartu built cities and palaces, castles and numerous temples, gardens and orchards and created many rivers and canals to provide their water needs, and they were skillful in metal-working. They were neighbors with the Medes and the Persians for two hundred years. It seems because of that, and after the Persians took power, they have learned lots of methods and ways of constructing buildings from Urartu and used them in the creation of magnificent palaces such as the Apadana in Susa and the Persepolis. This article attempts first to look at the history and architecture of Urartu, and then based on analytical-comparative method, study the influence of the Urartu architecture on the Apadana Palace of Darius in Susa. The results show that although the Achaemenid civilization benefited from all their Past civilizations to form their glorious buildings, but more significant role is the role of Urartu. The role that less than it is remembered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - The necessity of recognition of some martyrs of Karbala
Ebrahim Salehi HajiabadiThe event of Karbala was among the most important events in early history of Islam and the martyrs of Karbala were the heroes of this event and hence at the center of concerns. Yet unfortunately in process of time the name and identity of some of them have been forgotte MoreThe event of Karbala was among the most important events in early history of Islam and the martyrs of Karbala were the heroes of this event and hence at the center of concerns. Yet unfortunately in process of time the name and identity of some of them have been forgotten, but in contrast, some names are taken to be the martyrs of Karbala, while they had no role in that event. The main cause of this mistake must be sought in relying on some unreliable sources. This article, resorting critically to some old books and sources, proceeds to examine the identity of five persons claimed to be among the martyrs of Karbala and come to this conclusion that they were not in that battle at all. And as an advice, says that concerning the event of Karbala, beside old and ancient books, we must survey its authenticity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - An investigation into Purchasing, Selling-Renting and loaning economic documents in ancient Elam Name
zahra mirashe kamalodien niknami bahman firozmandiAncient Susa lay at the northwestern edge of the Khuzestan plain in the southwest of Iran. The Concentration on crops and harvesting consequently led to technological advancement and wealth accumulation. Gradually, as the result of unsuitable conditions and improper per MoreAncient Susa lay at the northwestern edge of the Khuzestan plain in the southwest of Iran. The Concentration on crops and harvesting consequently led to technological advancement and wealth accumulation. Gradually, as the result of unsuitable conditions and improper performance, starvation, violence and wars emerged in this area. Susiana plain was suitable for agricultural activities. Farm lands belonged either to the royal family and ruling class, temples or free farmers. Elam rulers had complicated and overwhelming responsibilities to maintain and improve agricultural products, or other matters such as observing irrigation systems, creating water canals and passing laws in this regard. Discovered documents from this period are relatively indicating the complicated social and economic relationships among different classes of the society which can shed light on the socio-economic structures in Elam society. Our current knowledge concerning the ancient economy of Elam as one of the main corner stone's of the Elam culture formation comes from the written documents and limited archaeological evidences from Susiana excavations and Mesopotamian documents which are not sufficient enough to recreate the economical pattern of this era. In the present paper, we first analyze the role of agriculture in the economy of the Susiana plain as well as selling, purchasing and renting contracts of agricultural lands. Finally, the common system of collateral concerning agricultural lands will be discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - The role of secret treaties in World War 1 in dissolution and breakup Ottoman Empire
saeid najafinejadDuring World War 1, the Allied signed some secret treaties regarding to weakening and partition of the Ottoman Empire. To make a good comprehension of how the Ottoman Empire partition happened, and which reasons and settings led to it, we'd better know the essence of th MoreDuring World War 1, the Allied signed some secret treaties regarding to weakening and partition of the Ottoman Empire. To make a good comprehension of how the Ottoman Empire partition happened, and which reasons and settings led to it, we'd better know the essence of these treaties and their effects on the Ottoman Empire annihilation. The question that what additional short term aims the Allied pursued via these treaties, except their main purpose, i.e., the partition of the Ottoman Empire is another thing arises regarding this subject. Totally, it seems signing the secret treaties of association between some European countries, also between these countries and the leading secessionists of Arabic areas of the Ottoman Empire and separating that territory into some imaginary parts before they were supposed to do so have affected very much the annihilation of Ottoman Caliphate process. Therefore, by analyzing sources date back to last years of Ottoman Empire era, also worthwhile and available sources about World War 1 events and its subsequences, we can develop correct perception of these secret treaties and their role in dissolution of the Ottoman Caliphate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - The Effects of US Economic Sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran
Hojjatullah Ghaedi Bardeh sohrab salahi Khairullah ParvinThe purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate US economic sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran, which was done by descriptive-analytical method. The main research question is: What effect has the US economic sanctions had on the Islamic Republic of Ira MoreThe purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate US economic sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran, which was done by descriptive-analytical method. The main research question is: What effect has the US economic sanctions had on the Islamic Republic of Iran? The results show that the United States and the European Union have used cooperative mechanisms in the global system in the process of unilateral sanctions against Iran, and in this way, they have created conditions that changes in Iran's behavior patterns to transition from UN Security Council sanctions and unilateral US-EU sanctions are inevi­t­a­b­le. How­e­v­e­r, some analysts on Iran-US issues believe that a comprehensive proposal for the lifting of economic sanctions against Iran is possible. The current realities of international politics indicate that the United States prefers to use tactical models, step-by-step methods, and strategic persuasion processes in dealing with Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Survey of International Obstacles to Foreign Investment in the Islamic Republic of Iran and to push off (2010s)
Shahram Saadatmand Hossein Ahmadi Masoud HemmatThe attraction of foreign investments is one of the most important tools for gaining international financial recourses in most states. International obstacles have created some restrictions for the attraction of Foreign Investment in Iran. The purpose of this article is MoreThe attraction of foreign investments is one of the most important tools for gaining international financial recourses in most states. International obstacles have created some restrictions for the attraction of Foreign Investment in Iran. The purpose of this article is to examine the international obstacles for the attraction of foreign investment in the country in 2010s. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical. The collecting tool of data is library studies and statistics. The research hypothesis emphasizes that sanctions imposed by the USA, have been among the most important international obstacles to reducing the number of foreign investments in Iran. The results show that the USA aimed at containment to Iran through the imposition of sanctions and obstacles to foreign investment, especially in the last decade, has reduced the amount of attraction rate of foreign investment in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Identifying and prioritizing the factors of the smart money model in the Iranian stock market with hierarchical technique AHP
Khadijeh Eidantorkzadeh Farzin Rezaei Amir Reza Keyghobadi Mohsen SeighaliThis study aims to identify the conditions and factors affecting smart money and prioritize the variables obtained based on these conditions in the Iranian stock market. This research method is applied in terms of purpose and based on data; it is a mixed type that was d MoreThis study aims to identify the conditions and factors affecting smart money and prioritize the variables obtained based on these conditions in the Iranian stock market. This research method is applied in terms of purpose and based on data; it is a mixed type that was done to identify qualitative factors through interviews with experts and prioritize the identified quantitative factors using a questionnaire. The statistical population was selected using a sampling method with maximum diversity. The research model prioritized three levels with all specified conditions and factors and tested with software (Expert choice) and hierarchical analysis techniques. The incompatibility rate in all pairwise comparisons is less than 0.1, so the research model is approved. The criterion of causal conditions has gained the first rank in the first level. In the second level, among the categories (causal conditions, macroeconomic factors), (context conditions, laws and regulations imposed by the government) and (intervening conditions, Parallel Markets Behavior) rank first. At the third level, exchange rate fluctuations rank first. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Investigating the Effect of Strategic Plans in Energy Consumption Management in Iran
Mohammad ZarnegarImproving the productivity and enhancing the organizations’ effectiveness has always been one of the main objectives of the organizations and strategic planning is the main tool in achieving this goal. Therefore, the effect of strategic plans in energy consumption MoreImproving the productivity and enhancing the organizations’ effectiveness has always been one of the main objectives of the organizations and strategic planning is the main tool in achieving this goal. Therefore, the effect of strategic plans in energy consumption management in this paper is investigated through with Balanced Score Card (financial perspective, customer perspective, learning and growth, and internal processes) approach. In order to meet this aim, population of experts in the field of energy management were investigated which their total number was 320, and 145 were selected as the sample size using Cochran formula. Data was collected via a questionnaire and its reliability was determined through Cronbach’s alpha which obtained coefficients were acceptable and reliability of the questionnaire has been confirmed. Inferential statistics were used to analyze the data and to examine the research hypotheses; SPSS software was of help to meet this aim. The results showed that the dimensions of the strategic plan with Balanced Score Card approach affect energy consumption management by different extents. At the end of the study, the current researcher offers some suggestions to improve the strategic plan in energy consumption management in Iran with regard to four factors of Balanced Score Card model Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - The Effect of Internet Advertising on Electronic Banking Services
Beitoollah Akbarimogaddam Mahdi Behbodi Farzaneh JafariAs the number of Iranian internet users exceeds 33 million, businesses in Iran are making the transition from traditional methods to electronic methods. Also, with the rapid development of e-commerce, the internet, and banking and financial sectors, customers are encour MoreAs the number of Iranian internet users exceeds 33 million, businesses in Iran are making the transition from traditional methods to electronic methods. Also, with the rapid development of e-commerce, the internet, and banking and financial sectors, customers are encouraged to utilize electronic banking. It is necessary for banking systems to consider the method of encouraging internet users to perform electronic transactions through online advertising in order to maintain and develop their market, and also increase the satisfaction of their customers. This study evaluates the influence of online advertising on the levels of arousal and creating positive attitudes toward brands. After assessing the validity (content validity) and reliability (with a Chronbach's alpha of 80%) of the study, 161 questionnaires were collected and statistical data analysis was done by using the SPSS software and employing the Student's t-distribution method. The findings suggest that online advertising has a great impact on encouraging banking customers to perform electronic transactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Model to Determine the Impact on the Character and Understand Customers Using Electronic Insurance
Reza Ehtesham Rasi Said Amini Vahid AminiThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects of customer character and perception on the use of electronic insurance in insurance companies providing insurance electronically services. The selected population of this study includes customers that use electronic i MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects of customer character and perception on the use of electronic insurance in insurance companies providing insurance electronically services. The selected population of this study includes customers that use electronic insurance services of insurance companies providing insurance electronically services with total number of 420 customers. Based on Cochran formula and random sampling, 200 people were chosen. This study is applied in objective and description-correlation in data collecting. Questionnaire is used to collect data and to verify its validity and reliability, experts’ opinions and software SPSS were used respectively. Cronbach alpha for strategic orientation and markets both were above 0/7 indicating the questionnaire’s high reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL soft wares and path analysis model. The results of the study showed that after character, the usability, social aspects and the impact of security affect the use of electronic insurance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Predictive Power Stock Market IndicesFor The Future Economic Activity,In The Frequency Domain
Amir Mohammad zadeh Parisa Karim khaniFinancial markets are among the influential markets in the economy of every country. Stock market booms and crashes in some countries not only influence their national economies but also have impacts on the global economy. Study of performance of stock market and stock MoreFinancial markets are among the influential markets in the economy of every country. Stock market booms and crashes in some countries not only influence their national economies but also have impacts on the global economy. Study of performance of stock market and stock price index and their effects on economic factors are among issues increasingly being focused by economic and financial researchers.Up to now many studies has been conducted on the causal relationship between stock market indices and economic variables in various countries. These causal relationships have confirmed in some studies and they have rejected in other ones. The innovation of present research is study of Granger causality in frequency domain about which there are no comprehensive studies especially in Iranian context. Present study addresses the causal relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and stock market variables including stock price index, financial index and industry index in Iranian context and explores if predictive power is concentrated on lower frequencies or higher ones. Main goal of present study is to employ stock market indices to develop a model for prediction of GDP. Results from present study showed that in Iranian context there was no causal relationship between GDP and selected variables related to stock market in frequency domain and stock market indices cannot be used to predict GDP. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Design of Accelerated Life Testing Plans for Products Exposed to Random Usage
Kamyar Sabri-Laghaie Rassoul Noorossana -
Open Access Article
220 - Identifying and ranking the dimensions of academic independence with a causal approach (Case study of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran)
mohammad salehiOne of the factors for the success of educational systems in developed countries is the independence of higher education environments. Therefore, the general purpose of this study is to identify and rank the dimensions of academic independence with a causal approach thr MoreOne of the factors for the success of educational systems in developed countries is the independence of higher education environments. Therefore, the general purpose of this study is to identify and rank the dimensions of academic independence with a causal approach through a case study in the Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran. The research method was descriptive. From the statistical population of 1537 faculty members of Mazandaran Azad University, 308 people were selected by stratified random sampling method based on academic rank (instructor, assistant professor, associate professor and professor). Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 37 questions, the validity of which was confirmed by experts. The Cronbach's alpha value of the questionnaire was also calculated above 0.7, which confirmed its reliability. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis and SPSS and PLS software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that academic independence with a causal approach has two dimensions of "organizational independence and financial independence". Also, among the dimensions of academic independence with a causal approach, they have the highest rank in the dimension of financial independence and the lowest rank in the dimension of organizational independence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - The effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on quality of life, marital satisfaction and self-resiliency of women with early menopausal referred to the health center
zahra kazemi Ramazan Hassanzadeh Shaban HidariBesides physical problems, premature menopause is associated with psychological problems like anxiety, depression, reduced resiliency and marriage adjustment problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on MoreBesides physical problems, premature menopause is associated with psychological problems like anxiety, depression, reduced resiliency and marriage adjustment problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on quality of life, marital satisfaction and self-resiliency of women with premature menopausal referred to the health center. In this semi-experimental study with pre- and post-test design, 32 women with premature menopausal referred to the Sari health centers were recruited as an available sample and allocated to an experimental or control group. Data were collected through the three questionnaires: World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF), Marital Satisfaction Scale (short-form), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003). After the pretest, an 8-session protocol of acceptance and commitment treatment was performed for the experimental group, while the control group participated only in the pretest and posttest sessions. After statistical analysis of data with multiple covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS25 statistical package, the results showed that therapeutic intervention based on acceptance and commitment has been able to improve quality of life, marital satisfaction, self-resilience and their components in women with premature menopausal referred to health centers. As a result, acceptance and commitment-based psychotherapy can be used as an effective treatment to improve the mental health indicators of women with premature menopause. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Designing a women entrepreneurship model
Iraj Saghafi Yousef Beigzadeh Mojtaba Ramezani Yaqub Alavi Matin Yahya dadashkarimiFrom a total of 7 units of public institutions and entrepreneurs in West Azerbaijan province of Urmia, which employ about 10 to 15 entrepreneurs in each unit, the total number of people participating in this study, including experts, has reached 225 people. Therefore, t MoreFrom a total of 7 units of public institutions and entrepreneurs in West Azerbaijan province of Urmia, which employ about 10 to 15 entrepreneurs in each unit, the total number of people participating in this study, including experts, has reached 225 people. Therefore, the statistical sample size using Morgan table is estimated to be 141 people. The sampling method is stratified random. In this research, in order to collect information to prepare and compile research literature, the library method has been used and in order to collect data to investigate research questions, a researcher-made questionnaire has been used. Obviously, the designed questionnaire has also been examined in terms of validity and reliability. In this research, in order to analyze the characteristics of the respondents to the questionnaire, tables and graphs have been used. Exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze the collected data and the final model was extracted. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed through SPSS and PLS software. Research findings show what are the patterns of women entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - The Effectiveness of Application of the Developed educational package of Spousal Package Spousal Communication on the Reconstruction of the Unhealthy Pattern of Marital Communication of Couples
Robabeh AtaeifarThe Purpose of the present study was to investigate the Effectiveness of the Application of the Developed educational Package of Spousal Communication in the Reconstruction of the Unhealthy Pattern of Marital Communication of Couples.The design of this study was quasi-e MoreThe Purpose of the present study was to investigate the Effectiveness of the Application of the Developed educational Package of Spousal Communication in the Reconstruction of the Unhealthy Pattern of Marital Communication of Couples.The design of this study was quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest and two-month follow-up and control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all couples having a child who was studying in the sixth grade of primary school in the 4th district of Karaj city and also did not have an effective marital communication pattern (80 parents). 32 couples, were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental(16couples) and control group(16couples). In order to measure the variables, the spouses' communication pattern Questionnaire were used, The Educational package based on the Minnesota Couples Communication curriculum, and emotion-centered couple therapy was prepared and its validity was approved by experts through contingency coefficient of 5.04 Training was used in 10 sessions of 22 hours in 5 weeks. To analyze data from Covariance analysis and variance analysis was used. Findings showed that after training by educational package there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores and also between post-test scores and follow up of the effective communication between the couple (sig=0.0001). As a result, the educational program developed in the present study can be used to improve the pattern of marital communication between couples Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Pathology Spousal selection in Isfahan: A Qualitative Study
Majid jafarian Somaea LabafiSpousal selection has been the most basic human activity in the family during the thousands of years of community life. These actions have always been inspired by personal tastes, ethnic, cultural and religious backgrounds to determine who has played a key role in their MoreSpousal selection has been the most basic human activity in the family during the thousands of years of community life. These actions have always been inspired by personal tastes, ethnic, cultural and religious backgrounds to determine who has played a key role in their lives in the future. However, today, changes in living, ethnicity, immigration and the growth of communication networks have brought about serious changes and increasing harm to this part of human life. The present study is a qualitative research of thematic analysis that examines the views of people about the damages of spouse selection in Isfahan city. Targeted sampling method was used to collect the experimental data and was performed by semi-structured interview with 20 people in the community. In the analysis of the themes, it has been determined that economic thinking in choices plays a decisive role. Decreased religious and ethical standards and the choice of individuals to grow and improve social situations have increased significantly. Also, the minds of young people have a kind of mental paradox in the style of modern and traditional choices, the power and role of families have diminished, and choices are quick and merely romantic Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Competition of Triticale (Triticosecale wittmack) Lines with Wild Oat (Avena fatua) and its Different Densities
M. Najjari Sadeghi, B. Mirshekari A.H. HosseinZadeh Moghbeli S. Baser KouchebaghTo study competitive effects of different densities of wild oat (Avena fatua) with triticale lines an experiment was conducted at Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran during 2011-2012 with 3 replications. Treatments were 19 triticale MoreTo study competitive effects of different densities of wild oat (Avena fatua) with triticale lines an experiment was conducted at Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran during 2011-2012 with 3 replications. Treatments were 19 triticale lines and 6 densities of wild oat (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 plants m-2). Results indicated that effects of wild oat densities on thousand seed weight and seed yield of triticale lines were significant at 1% probability level. Also, tiller number per plant and biological yield of triticale lines were affected by the weed densities. While, wild oat traits under study were not affected by triticale lines. Hexaploid lines of triticale could tolerate 40 weed plants m-2 without any significant reduction in1000 seed weight. Wild oat density of 120 and higher plants m-2 had negative effect on seed yield of hexaploid lines of triticale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Evaluation of Different Combination of Trichoderma Species for Controlling Fusarium Rot of Chickpea
M. Akrami A. IbrahimevThe Fusarium disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani has been observed in different areas of Iran in recent years. Current biocontrol studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the Trichoderma species against many fungal phytopathogens. In this study, bioco MoreThe Fusarium disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani has been observed in different areas of Iran in recent years. Current biocontrol studies have confirmed the effectiveness of the Trichoderma species against many fungal phytopathogens. In this study, biocontrol effects of Trichoderma isolates, both separately and their combined effects were evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum, F.solani pathogen. In this investigation the ability of Trichoderma harzianum and T.asperellum isolates, isolated from soil and chickpea root, were compared with combination of three fungal lentil Fusarium rot. Three isolates (Trichoderma) of isolates T1, and T2 around Fusarium oxysporum and F.solani hyphae. Volatile metabolites of all isolates reduced the mycelial growth of fusarium diseas pathogen. T1 and T2 isolates and their combination were more effective than other treatments to control the disease, where it reduced 75 to 78% disease. All of treatments showed significant differences with control (Trichoderma harzianum)T1, (Trichoderma asperellum)T2, were selected before test (shown good antagonist effect) after screening tests for antifungal combination effects against Fusarium disease pathogen in greenhouse. In dual culture tests, three (T1, T2) isolates covered and colonized the colony of the pathogen. In this research three (T1, T2) isolates covered and colonized the colony of the other Trichoderma isolates. Microscopic studies revealed hyphal coiling (hyperparasitismplants). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Investigating Causality Between Agricultural and Economic Growth in Iran
A. Falsafian M. Ghahremanzadeh L. GholamiAlthough rate of economic growth is not the only way to measure economic development, it is relatively more important than the other indices. Agriculture sector plays the main role on economic growth and sustainable development. In addition, it has significant impact on MoreAlthough rate of economic growth is not the only way to measure economic development, it is relatively more important than the other indices. Agriculture sector plays the main role on economic growth and sustainable development. In addition, it has significant impact on most social, political and economic issues by producing strategic food products for ever-increasing population. Therefore, the present study investigated causal relationship between agricultural and economic growth in Iran. To this end, the Granjer’s causality test was used after employing the Augmented Dicky-Fuller test to see if the variables under consideration are stationary. The result showed that there is a long learn feedback relationship between these variables and agricultural developments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Measurement of the quality of technological features, content and website usability of Food and Drug Administration of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Mina Abdolalizadeh Mehran SamadiThe purpose of this study is to achieve two general cognitiveapproaches. The first one is the technical evaluation of the website of theFood and Drug Administration in terms of the technical standards relatedto the website of government agencies and then the content ana MoreThe purpose of this study is to achieve two general cognitiveapproaches. The first one is the technical evaluation of the website of theFood and Drug Administration in terms of the technical standards relatedto the website of government agencies and then the content analysis ofthe web site in terms of creativity and applicability. The research methodis descriptive. The statistical population of this study is the users of thewebsite of the Food and Drug Administration of the Islamic Republic ofIran, whom the total population is 6 thousand, as well as 50 IT expertsand specialists. The sample size based on the Cochran formula wascalculated (with a 95% confidence interval) 361 people. 382 questionnaireswere used for rendering the sample variety using a random samplingmethod among the users of the Food and Drug Administration website.The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire thatincluded 55 questions on applicability and 40 questions in the form of achecklist for assessing the quality of the website services that wereprepared based on the goals and questions of the research and, somequestions is designed in the form of the Likert spectrum. Data is analysedusing SPSS software. Theoretical framework of the research is based ontheories of “use and gratification theory", "probability and detail model","interaction design theory", "Albert Bandura social learning theory","theory of the dissemination of innovations", "theory of highlighting",and "theory" Cleft of consciousness ". The findings of the study showedthat, the variable of the level of applicability from the users perspective;in two aspects of the level of website services and the level of creativityof the website that the website of the Food and Drug Administration ofthe country on the level of services has a higher level of service and onthe level of creativity, although some of the components of this websitehave achieved significant averages, but generally showed a moderate tohigh level in the components of website creativity; however, about 13components of the 23 components of the web creativity level needs toupgrade and optimize the level of service for customers and users. Ingeneral, the level of applicability of this website comparing to the levelsof technological features and content properties; has acceptable and highscores relative to the overall site. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - The examination of social capital and its dimensions basing on the use of media among school managers is Tehran (district 2)
Bita Habibi majid zorofiIn this study, it is tried to examine the relationship between social capital and its dimensions basing on the use of media. The method of research was descriptive and correlational. The study population includes all managers of both first and second course of high scho MoreIn this study, it is tried to examine the relationship between social capital and its dimensions basing on the use of media. The method of research was descriptive and correlational. The study population includes all managers of both first and second course of high school in district 2 of Tehran that 171 were selected randomly as a sample of the study. The data was (Delaviz) questionnaire of social capital that its reliability and validity has proven. The use of media in this study means using television, Internet and mobile phones, which were measured by a self-designed questionnaire. Results show that, there is meaningful correlation between the dimensions of social capital and using media. Also,the use of TV, Internet and telephone significantly change the social capital index and participation of the local community in one direction and explained.It also causes changes in social trust, collaboration and relationships on social networks in order to explain the antithetic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Behavioral disorders among students of Islamic Azad University of Shabestar
Majid ZourofiThis study examined behavioral disorders among students, it is also explained by various factors has been done. The main objective understands of behavioral disorders among students and compare them based on factors such as gender, studying – courses and age. More MoreThis study examined behavioral disorders among students, it is also explained by various factors has been done. The main objective understands of behavioral disorders among students and compare them based on factors such as gender, studying – courses and age. Moreover, Understanding its relationship with other variables including rate of the media usage and to explain more were also considered. Researchers such as "Thompson " on the relationship between behavioral disorders and role of family, GIDDENS " the effect of media "FATIN," relationship between mothers occupation, "MISRA" on high level of stress and anxiety among woman, also as neighborhood, and "JOU and FUKUDA" on the effective of social support and stress, Quantity and quality of other items in SCL 90 was emphasized. The results showed that the highest percentage of individuals in this study of behavioral disorders in the class of "weak" are on the 70% included.We use survey research method for data collection. Data was collected by researcher made questionnaire that include some items for measuring related factors such as gender, media usage and other variables, also SCL 90 questionnaire for measuring disorders. The sample size includes 382 students who chosen by classified – random sampling method. Correlation coefficients, T-test and analysis of variance were used to data analysis. The behavioral disorders are significant difference between gender and not significant difference between studying course groups. Media usage by Students and age are most important factors associated with behavioral disorders. With the increased use of mobile, strengthen behavioral disorders and increasing use of television among students, the disorders behaviors is weakening. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - The role of fault in causality authentication in the physician's civil liability
FARHAD ESMAEILI Hassan pashazadeh mokhtar Neam rahim vakilzadeIn line with the main approach of other legal institutions for maintaining public discipline, the philosophy of civil liability is also based on compensation and providing the maximum possibility of restoring the situation to the previous state before the loss and final MoreIn line with the main approach of other legal institutions for maintaining public discipline, the philosophy of civil liability is also based on compensation and providing the maximum possibility of restoring the situation to the previous state before the loss and finally achieving the lost discipline. Meeting the mentioned philosophy, the importance of causality relationship has been less considered from the beginning so that it has been thought that proving no fault will remove the defendant’s liability. The difficulty of proving fault caused by the multitude of unknowns in physician’s civil liability claims and lack of familiarity of plaintiff with medical subtleties- as expected - has caused the discussions to focus on the fault and neglect the element of causality relationship. Therefore, this focus has increased the rejected lawsuits of physician’s civil liability and has disturbed the philosophy of physician’s civil liability. The fact is that in the area of the discussed liability, fault is not the only possibility of authentication of causality relationship and it is possible for the physician to be recognized as liable even without committing the fault because of special nature of medicine. It is available in the juridical records and legal texts.This research is theoretical and research methodology is descriptive and analytical and data collection method is library research by referring to the documents, books and papers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Jurisprudential and legal challenges of intentional homicide caused by omission
Ahmad Beiramian Abasali AkbariCaution in the blood of Muslims is one of the Islamic principles of jurisprudence. This means that the perpetrator of the crime cannot be punished for the slightest reason, especially where the perpetrator does not do a positive act, but the legislator has a different s MoreCaution in the blood of Muslims is one of the Islamic principles of jurisprudence. This means that the perpetrator of the crime cannot be punished for the slightest reason, especially where the perpetrator does not do a positive act, but the legislator has a different story in Article of 295 of the Islamic Penal Code, and if there are circumstances, he can make the perpetrator guilty and attribute the result is assumed to him. This is against the fact that with regard to the omission of actions that lead to the death of the victim, with the mental element of intent, it becomes the crime of intentional homicide, and the punishment for it is qisas, and in conflict with principles such as caution in the blood of Muslims and the rule of Dar' and presumption of Innocence. Some jurists say that something without an object cannot be given an object, therefore, they have rejected the possibility of reference. Among the challenges faced by Article 295 of the Islamic Penal Code, the examination of the method of determining the causal relationship between the omission of the act and the harmful result, which, considering the various fatwas of jurists and the opinions of legal scholars, will make it difficult to establish the causal relationship. There are other challenges in this article that have made this article worthy of attention Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - بررسی مقابله ای حذف در متون نوشتاری فارسی و انگلیسی
اسماعیل فقیه سپیده رحیم پورمطالعه ی حاضر در صدد بررسی مفهوم حذف و مقایسه ی میزان و نحوه ی به کارگیری آن در متون نوشتاری فارسی و انگلیسی است که توسط نویسندگان فارسی و انگلیسی نوشته شده اند. بدین منظور یک رمان فارسی و یک رمان انگلیسی انتخاب شدند و به دقت مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. برای روشن شد Moreمطالعه ی حاضر در صدد بررسی مفهوم حذف و مقایسه ی میزان و نحوه ی به کارگیری آن در متون نوشتاری فارسی و انگلیسی است که توسط نویسندگان فارسی و انگلیسی نوشته شده اند. بدین منظور یک رمان فارسی و یک رمان انگلیسی انتخاب شدند و به دقت مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. برای روشن شدن تفاوتهای احتمالی، آزمونهای خی دو انجام شد. تحلیل انجام شده نشان داد که تفاوتهای آماری معناداری میان متون نوشتاری فارسی و انگلیسی از حیث بکارگیری نوع حذف و میزان استفاده از آن وجود دارد. در این بررسی مشاهده شد که در هردو زبان تمامی انواع حذف بکار برده شده است، گرچه برخی از زیرمجموعه ها در هردو زبان به طور مشابه و برخی دیگر به طور متفاوت به کار برده شدند. بدین معنا که در هردو زبان، حذف عبارتی، بیشتر از حذف اسمی و فعلی بوده است. افزون بر این، حذف اسمی در داده های انگلیسی بیشتر از حذف فعلی بود اما در داده های فارسی، حذف فعلی بیشتر از حذف اسمی بوده است. نتایج این تحقیق می تواند کاربرد وسیعی در زبان شناسی کاربردی، اعم از آموزش زبان خارجی به خصوص در تدریس مهارتهای نوشتن، خواندن و درک متن، و نیز در ترجمه داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - A Juridical and Legal Survey on Redressing Moral Detriment in Accusation
fatemeh sadat hosseini Mahmoud Ghayoumzadeh Mahmoud Ghayoumzadeh Mohammadreza RahbarpourIn Jurisprudence there are sound approaches about redressing detriment. So the rule that used in Jurisprudence for proofing secondary commandments is based on personal and typical expedient. An instance of these moral detriments is “accusation†or charge of wrongdoi MoreIn Jurisprudence there are sound approaches about redressing detriment. So the rule that used in Jurisprudence for proofing secondary commandments is based on personal and typical expedient. An instance of these moral detriments is “accusation†or charge of wrongdoing which its adduction is abeyant to demanding of it. According to intent of “no detriment†formula, any kind of sentences that caused detriment is forbidden. So legislative scrutiny primarily, in the step of fixity of responsibility is a factor of redressing detriment for whom accused and redressing and assurance of it in the step of affirmation that conciliation for redressing financially which is not opposed to religion and society expedient is lead to relief and appeasement for wronged one. In this paper, we try to along with introducing principles pay attention to how to use that in the legal events, explanation of this subject, and reviewing and analyzing necessity of making penal law in such cases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Juridical-Logical Analysis of Obligatory- Statutory Provisions in Action Stopping according to Cited Relation
fazlooah Foroghi Amir Bagherzadehgan Mohammad MirzaeeWorldly element of crimes is almost doing by action and the subject is possibility of crime commitment by stopping action in disputing issues between jurists and lawyers and the main disputing point is non originative existential percept(action) from naught percept (sto MoreWorldly element of crimes is almost doing by action and the subject is possibility of crime commitment by stopping action in disputing issues between jurists and lawyers and the main disputing point is non originative existential percept(action) from naught percept (stopping action) and difficult proving of causality relation between criminal results and stopping actions in these cases; With different opinions analysis, this paper is trying to find an empowered opinion in obligatory- statutory provisions of action stopper by jurists and comparing it with the idea of Islamic Republic of Iran. The question is that does crime prove to be true with stopping action in particular conditions? Undoubtedly, action stopper committed crime and deserves to punish; the sentence of him will run after obtaining the cited relation in the conception and causality relation in its specific concept as a standard of guaranty can be run, too. But in proving, the certainty of cited relation is combining with hassle in this situation and yet this subject is not denying the guarantee of him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - The Place of Logical Usages in Criminal Jurisprudence
mojtaba javidiThe logical usages is the practical way or mental opinion of all the rational people all over the world, regardless of their spatial, temporal and religious differences, which find it useful and good in dealing with a phenomenon. There are two general views about the cr MoreThe logical usages is the practical way or mental opinion of all the rational people all over the world, regardless of their spatial, temporal and religious differences, which find it useful and good in dealing with a phenomenon. There are two general views about the criteria of validity of logical usage: first, instrumental validity and second, per se validity. The validity of new usages is based on second view. Although logical usages are used by jurists in criminal jurisprudence but it seems that it should has more important role in criminal jurisprudence. Some of its applications in the criminal jurisprudence are: the definition of “Herzâ€(protected), what is robbed needs to be property, the criterion of Roshd (growth), the mere criminal intent has no punishment, the community needs to regulate, impose criminal penalties and restrict freedom, financial penalties as a kind of “Tazirâ€(punishment). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Reading out Indemnification of Spiritual Perdition's Juridical Bases with Approach of Spousal's Spiritual Rights
masoumeh mazaheri maryam mohajeriIndemnification of perdition is important issue that recognized as basic and foundational stone of the civil responsibility Although the essentiality of indemnification of the spiritual perdition, civil responsibility of law accordance, is common essentiality and it can MoreIndemnification of perdition is important issue that recognized as basic and foundational stone of the civil responsibility Although the essentiality of indemnification of the spiritual perdition, civil responsibility of law accordance, is common essentiality and it can extended to the family. But this law is not sufficient for indemnification of spousal spiritual perdition. Because of certainly it has spoken that people should accept indemnification of spiritual and materialist perdition, However, Strategies that adopted about indemnification of spousal spiritual perdition should be imposed in direction of honor the family, with this point that the nature of the family with other organic systems is different. This research is intended to answer to this question: Has the Iranian legal system a juridical capacity that consider to indemnification of spiritual perdition and indemnification ways in the statute? With review and contemplation in the jurisprudence bases, we can say that: indemnification of spousal spiritual perdition is possible but unfortunately, existing assurances couldn't protect and keep family, because of this issue doesn’t known very well and most of time had minor and trivial point in some laws. So paying attention to it in spousal relationship is essential and important, because of with effective and useful strategies can enacted some laws that keep family nature and restore spousal perdition. Identify examples of spiritual perdition in spousal's spiritual rights and providing appropriate practical solutions with using juridical capacity to spiritual perdition in direction of protect the rights of spouses with the purpose of the family bonds and bases are Innovations of this essay. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Empowering Families in order to Achieve Child Bearing Targets with the Espousal addition to Condition of Matrimony
behnam ghanbarpour seyyed abolghasem naghibiIrregular control of population growth sometimes leads the country to a serious challenge. This problem has been obvious in our current society since recent decades so that Supreme Leader considers it as a kind of threat in his speech. Is childbearing a nature pertinenc MoreIrregular control of population growth sometimes leads the country to a serious challenge. This problem has been obvious in our current society since recent decades so that Supreme Leader considers it as a kind of threat in his speech. Is childbearing a nature pertinence of matrimony or something following that? The main question in this study organizes the article. The author in this bibliotheca article which is written by analytical-descriptive method believes that childbearing is beyond the nature pertinence of matrimony or something following that hence, one of the solutions for this challenge is that parents converse childbearing and the number of children after matrimony to a legal obligation by an espousal addition condition. In order to gain this purpose, simplifying marriage and promoting religious training and obtaining life facilities are inevitable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - The Study of Juridical and Legal Value of the Witness of Relatives
Hamid Abhary Mohammad Hossein Taghipour Darzi NaghibiIn civil procedure code enacted in 1931, the legislator, was not accepted the witness of sanguinity or causal relationship of the third degree from the second floor. With approval of civil procedure code enacted in 2000, the legislator is silent about witness of relativ MoreIn civil procedure code enacted in 1931, the legislator, was not accepted the witness of sanguinity or causal relationship of the third degree from the second floor. With approval of civil procedure code enacted in 2000, the legislator is silent about witness of relatives. Therefore, the question arises as to whether, despite the silence of the civil procedure code enacted in 2000, as well as relatives with one of the parties, prevented the acceptance of the witness or not. It seems, due to intentional silence of legislator in the new code of civil procedure, it shall be sentenced to a change of the legislator's idea and acceptance of the relatives' witness. However, the legislator in Article 154 of the criminal procedure code enacted in 1999 (Article 209 of the new code of criminal procedure), the judge shall be to question about the degree of sanguinity or causal relationship between witness and informed with the litigants. The sentence of criminal procedure code raises this question that if the witness of relatives in Iran's legal system is acceptable, what's the point of the question of the parties with respect to existence or nonexistence of the relationship. And if the lack of relationship, in the witness is required, why not raised under the terms of witness? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Surveying the Method of Inference Generalizations by Implementation of Wisdom Rudiments
Vahid Zarei SharifOne of the most utilizations of inference tools of Orders in Islamic jurisprudence and law is to obtain the indication of word against generalization by wisdom rudiments. The current article reviews different aspects of that issue. Accordingly, the principal theor MoreOne of the most utilizations of inference tools of Orders in Islamic jurisprudence and law is to obtain the indication of word against generalization by wisdom rudiments. The current article reviews different aspects of that issue. Accordingly, the principal theories about the status of absolute words are reviewed and criticized. Between words of past and last people, five prefaces is obtained such as the whole aspiration form, asymmetry against encumbrance, lack of encumbrance value in terms of addressee, possibility of generalization and encumbrance and lack of refusal. Then each of mentioned prefaces was discussed according to the purpose of that preface, reliability of priority and the way of obtaining that. Finally by reviewing the theories and opinions of principles and their documentary proofs, it was ascertained that absolute indication is rational. So common symmetry or wisdom has just one condition, that is the speaker be in the form of expressing all his/her purpose and for the obtaining this preface, the use of rational principle of original expression is applicable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - The Condition for the Spousal Alimony Abatement attached to Marriage Contract
Zohreh Hajian Foroshani Seyyed Abolghasem Naghibi One of the important works of marriage in Islamic law is the requirement for husband to give alimony to the spousal. If the husband make provision while the marriage contract for the spousal not to benefit from alimony or only to benefit f More One of the important works of marriage in Islamic law is the requirement for husband to give alimony to the spousal. If the husband make provision while the marriage contract for the spousal not to benefit from alimony or only to benefit from a part of it, the validity of such a condition is based on the fact that alimony is considered as an instance of right. Its abatement is also true for the future because only a right can be abated by the condition of the marriage contract that, its abatement is true regardless of the condition. In this paper, the issue of the condition for the alimony abatement of the spousal is studied sing the analytical-inferential method and collecting the required information in a library method and according to narratives, and since, like other deities, the property of the abatement potential and transfer through inheritance and reconciliation is true in the spousal alimony, it should be considered as right. Also, given that the abatement of the spousal alimony is true for all future time and the abatement condition is not contrary to the public rules, the alimony abatement condition of the spousal is valid during the marriage contract. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - An Investigation of Judicial and Legal Principles of Murder Par Omission in the Law of Iran with a Consideration of the Common Law Legal System
Hmzeh Baygi Harbagh Kumars KalantariMost jurisprudents believe that murder by omission gives rise to liability for the doer of the action in case of intent and with the assumption of capability. Jurisprudents have studied murder by omission (failure to act) under different rules of jurisprudence, such as MoreMost jurisprudents believe that murder by omission gives rise to liability for the doer of the action in case of intent and with the assumption of capability. Jurisprudents have studied murder by omission (failure to act) under different rules of jurisprudence, such as the no loss principle, beneficence (Ihsan) and causation (Tasbib). There are, however, different comments on the issue. Despite developments and changes established in the law of Iran at different legal periods, there was no clear regulation regarding the criminal liability of the person who failed to act (Tarik), until by virtue of paragraph 1 of the unified article the law for the refusal to provide assistance to injured persons and to eliminate the risks of life in 1354, this issue was subject to legislative prediction; on the other hand, in 2013, pursuant to Article 295 of the Islamic Penal Code of 1392 and according to the present conditions in the aforementioned article, the person who failed to act is held to have criminal liability. In some countries, based on common law, the criminal liability of the person who refuses to act is relatively admitted; in countries under common law, omission is considered as a material element only when there is a legal requirement and responsibility to act and failure to act leads to the commitment of the crime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - The Study of the Divorce by the Order of the Judge in the Case of the Recent Indigence and Failure of the Spouse in Alimony Payment
Siamak JafazadehIn the legal system of Islam, there are rights and duties which must be observed by the parties to a marriage in order to strengthen the family system. One of these rights is the alimony right for a woman. The issue discussed in this study is that in the case of recent MoreIn the legal system of Islam, there are rights and duties which must be observed by the parties to a marriage in order to strengthen the family system. One of these rights is the alimony right for a woman. The issue discussed in this study is that in the case of recent failure and indigence of the spouse in alimony payment, the famous jurists believe that the wife should wait and be patient and does not have the right to dissolve marriage or divorce. However, if the spouse refuses to pay alimony, many jurists have ordered the obligation of the spouse to pay or divorce. Is there any difference between these two cases so that different decrees have been issued? Does not the result of both of these situations harm women and deprive them of their legal and lawful rights? This paper explains and analyzes different perspectives on the issue, criticizes the famous view, and concludes that the current theory of divorce is more justifiable and powerful, even the evidence presented for the theory of dissolution of marriage by woman or ruler provides the same results Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Replacement of nitrite with annatto and red rice in sausage products
A. Javadi Aisa AliniaNowadays, by increasing consumer awareness about the hazards of chemical preservatives, the demand for foods with increased natural preservatives has increased. The main objective of this study was to replace the annatto and the red rice instead of nitrite in sausage. F MoreNowadays, by increasing consumer awareness about the hazards of chemical preservatives, the demand for foods with increased natural preservatives has increased. The main objective of this study was to replace the annatto and the red rice instead of nitrite in sausage. For this purpose, annatto replaced by zero, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of nitrite then sausage with 60 % red meat and 0.05 % fixed amount of red rice were made. Chemical, microbiological and sensory testing on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 were performed in triplicate. The results of chemical and microbial tests showed that the annatto and red rice do not have negative effects on sausage with 60% meat. According to the results of sensory evaluation, samples with 50% annatto, and 75 % annatto, had the highest satisfaction in terms of color, taste, smell, consistency and compliance. Only the group with 100% of annatto in all sensory factors in the study showed significant differences with the rest of the group. Finally, the group with 75% annatto and 0.05% red rice, In terms of five different times, microbiological, chemical and sensory evaluation had a higher approval rating than other samples and was closer to control sample. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Study the effect of nitrite substitution by using black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil on oxidative stability, microbial and sensory properties of cocktail sausage
Mohammadreza Khani Amin Abolhasanzadeh Maryam FahimdaneshOne of the major concerns in modern societies is applying the chemical additives in food products and the risk of catching some types of diseases such as cancer. The aim of this research was investigating the possibility of nitrite substitution in cocktail sausage formu MoreOne of the major concerns in modern societies is applying the chemical additives in food products and the risk of catching some types of diseases such as cancer. The aim of this research was investigating the possibility of nitrite substitution in cocktail sausage formulation by using black cumin oil. For this purpose different levels of nitrate in 0, 30, 60 and 90 ppm was replaced with black cumin oil at concentrations of 2 and 3 percent and its effects were evaluated on oxidative stability (peroxide and thiobarbituric acid indices), microbial properties (total bacterial count and yeasts and molds count), and sensory characteristics during one month of storage at 4 °C at 1, 11, 21, and 31 days. The results showed that replacement of nitrite with black cumin oil in two used concentrations led to a reduction of the peroxide and TBA values in nitrite reduced sausages compared to control (P<0.05). Also, microbial load decreased by increasing the concentration of black cumin oil from 2 to 3 percent in equal concentrations of nitrite. Treatments containing 2 and 3% of black cumin oil with 90 ppm and 60 ppm nitrites had mainly similar total bacterial counts and yeasts and molds counts compared to the control during the storage period (P<0.05). Sensory evaluation results indicated that reduction of nitrite and its substitution with black cumin oil led to significant decrease of color and flavor scores, but had no negative effect on texture and odor properties of sausage samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaria) extract on chemical, microbiological and sensory properties of sausage during storage
کلارا Pirouti افشین Javadi فریبرز Nahidi Due to the side effects of synthetic food preservatives on human health, more studies have been recently focused on natural preservatives. This research aimed to investigate the effect of Thymus vulgaria extract on some of chemical (TVb-N), microbiological More Due to the side effects of synthetic food preservatives on human health, more studies have been recently focused on natural preservatives. This research aimed to investigate the effect of Thymus vulgaria extract on some of chemical (TVb-N), microbiological (total count and psychrophilic count) and sensory (texture, taste, flavor and color) properties of susage during storage. Different concentrations (0, 1%, 2% and 3%) of thyme extract were added to the sausage farsh. After the production of sausages, the samples were stored in the refrigerator. During the storage period (0, 14, 28 and 42 days) the samples were subjected to chemical, microbialogical and sensory examinations. Results of total microbial count and psychrophilic count revealed a significant (p < 0.05) difference between the control group and the samples containg 2% thyme extract. Moreover, TVB-N and peroxide indices were highest among control sample which indicates the significance (p < 0.05) impact of thyme extract on the shelf-life of sausage samples. However, no significant (p > 0.05) difference was observed among treatment groups (1, 2 and 3% thyme). Regarding the results of sensory assays, no significant difference was observed between the samples containing 1% thyme extract and control group. On the other hand, the difference between the samples containing 1% and 3% thyme extract was not statistically significant (p < 0.05). Considering all above it was concluded that thyme extract at the concentration of 2% could be used as a preservative in sausage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Study on physico-chemical properties of emulsion type sausage produced with aqueous extract of Biarum carduchcorum tenderizied meat
M. Raeisi S.S. Shekarforoush M. Aminlari H. GolkariIn order to improve the quality of meat such as tenderness, protein solubility, emulsification and water holding capacity, in the food industries, various methods have been employed. Application of the plant enzymes is considered as one of the most efficient methods for MoreIn order to improve the quality of meat such as tenderness, protein solubility, emulsification and water holding capacity, in the food industries, various methods have been employed. Application of the plant enzymes is considered as one of the most efficient methods for meat tenderization. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the characteristics of emulsion type sausage made from tenderized cattle meat by hydro extract of Biarum carduchcorum. The proteolytic activity of the extract was determined using bovine milk casein as substrate. Post rigor thigh meat were tenderized by 100 and 150 enzyme units/ kg of the extract before used for production of sausage. Fresh post rigor thigh meat was used as control. Nitrogen solubility index (NSI), stability of sausage emulsion, texture analysis and organoleptic properties of sausages were determined. Our results showed a significant increase in the NSI of the experimental groups compared with the control (P<0.05). Such increase was also considerable when the enzyme concentration and the exposure time were increased. Stability of the emulsion of sausage was also significantly increased. Even though, the tenderness and emulsifying power were improved, texture and organoleptic properties of the final products were not affected. Our study showed that Biarum carduchcorum is a proper tenderizing agent to employ in meat industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Fraud identification in beef sausage in Tehran province using mitochondrial genes of animal species
H.S , Hosseni فرزانه Tafvizi مریم Tajabadi Ebrahimi انوشه Sharifan The aim of this study was to develop a species-specific PCR method for rapid identification of meat species in order to detect any potential fraud in meat products. For cattle and poultry, a set of primers were designed based on the mitochondrial cytochrome More The aim of this study was to develop a species-specific PCR method for rapid identification of meat species in order to detect any potential fraud in meat products. For cattle and poultry, a set of primers were designed based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b and subsequently a 183 bp as well as 274 bp fragments were amplified for poultry and beef samples, respectively. For the study, ten different brands of beef sausage were obtained across Tehran province. Results of PCR assay demonstrated that unlike their labels, all of the samples were contained poultry residuals‎. Moreover, beef offal was detected only in five samples‎. Since no cross-reaction was observed among the different samples, PCR could be considered as a sensitive and ‎specific method for the identification of meat varieties. In addition, high-speed operation and easiness of the technique are the other advantages of PCR method. Therefore, this technique has the capability for sensitive and ‎specific detection of meat adulteration in sausages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - Causal Relationships among Sustainable Human Resource Management Antecedents via Structural-Interpretive Modeling
sayad nadimidarab mohammadreza mardani gholamreza memarzadeh tehran Naser HamidiThe purpose of the current applied descriptive enquiry was to examine the causal relationships among sustainable human resource management (HRM) antecedents using structural-interpretive modeling. The research population consisted of staff at the Ministry of Health and MoreThe purpose of the current applied descriptive enquiry was to examine the causal relationships among sustainable human resource management (HRM) antecedents using structural-interpretive modeling. The research population consisted of staff at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education as well as the experts in the field. Two questionnaires were employed to glean the research data. The first researcher-made questionnaire was initially distributed among the research population to identify and validate the theoretical framework after its validity and reliability were statistically verified. The second questionnaire was employed for the sake of structural-interpretive modeling. The collected research data were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis and structural-interpretive modeling the results of which revealed ten factors as antecedents of sustainable HRM in the target population. Likewise, the results of structural-interpretive modeling bore on organizational support and supervision as the basis of sustainable HRM practices that may directly and indirectly affect other antecedents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - Investigating the effective Factors on Labor Force Productivity in Production Function Frame Work (With an emphasis on entrepreneurship
Zahra Najafi Karim AzarbaiejaniNowadays, the entrepreneurship is the least necessity needed for a country to increase its ability to compete effectively with other countries. Along with globalization, all the countries in order to have an effective competition should move forward to the new technolog MoreNowadays, the entrepreneurship is the least necessity needed for a country to increase its ability to compete effectively with other countries. Along with globalization, all the countries in order to have an effective competition should move forward to the new technologies and innovation. In this regard the Vector auto-regressive (VAR) with the help of (Eviews8) software was used. To investigate the causal relationship between the variables, the parallel Granger causality test was used. The obtained results showed that there was a causal relationship between the labor Force productivity and entrepreneurship. The result of stimulation reaction indicated that the variables have the most effects on their past values. At the end of shock period, the most effect was on net capital and entrepreneurship logarithms respectively. The results of variance analysis of prediction error also showed that the fluctuations of entrepreneurship in the short term are mainly as high as 99.5 percent. Then in the fifth period, the share of the remaining variables reaches about 42 percent and the logarithm of net capital and logarithm of labor productivity respectively have the highest and the lowest shares in explaining this variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - Evaluation of the Effects of Satisfaction and Website Usability in Developing Customer Loyalty, Efficiency, and Positive Word-of-mouth in the e-banking Services (Case Study: Tejarat Banks)
Razye Samadi pour Ali Khoshakhlag Hadirezgi ShirsavarThis study attempts to investigate the influence of satisfaction and usability of the website on productivity and positive oral statements of e-bank customers. The data were gathered fro MoreThis study attempts to investigate the influence of satisfaction and usability of the website on productivity and positive oral statements of e-bank customers. The data were gathered from the survey of 384 customers using e-commerce database, and for evaluating the effect of satisfaction and usability of the website on productivity and positive oral statements, hierarchical multivariable regression analysis (HMRA) was used through Lisrel software. The results of the study showed that the use of website has a direct impact on customer satisfaction in electronic banking business. Also customer satisfaction leads to productivity, and productivity results in positive oral statements made in e-banking business. Finally, customer satisfaction has a direct impact on positive oral statements and e-banking business productivity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - A Study of the Causal Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Unemployment in the Industrial Sector of Iran
Mohammad bager Beheshti Mohammad Hassan Kheiravar Mohammad Hassan QazvinianToday, entrepreneurship is increasingly considered as an important tool of employment creation and unemployment reduction by economists and policymakers. Regarding the quality of this relationship, many ambiguities have become apparent in developed countries. Some studi MoreToday, entrepreneurship is increasingly considered as an important tool of employment creation and unemployment reduction by economists and policymakers. Regarding the quality of this relationship, many ambiguities have become apparent in developed countries. Some studies indicate that there is a positive relationship between unemployment and entrepreneurship. In other words, this group of studies states that any increase in unemployment will lead to increase in entrepreneurial activities. However, other studies support the presence of a negative relationship between variables and state that any increase in entrepreneurial activities will reduce the unemployment rate. This paper investigates the relationship between unemployment and entrepreneurship in the manufacturing sector of the country. The empirical results indicate the existence of one distinct relationship between these two variables in which entrepreneurship negatively affects unemployment. JEL Ranking: L11, M13 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - The Relationship between Market-orientation Culture and Human Resource Productivity: Business Organizations in the Focus
Gholamreza Amini Khiabami Karim HamdiMarket-orientation culture represents a form of creative flexibility the purpose of which is to boost values for market stake holders by prioritizing the role of costumer in all business activities. Productivity, along with efficiency as an inherent economic factor acco MoreMarket-orientation culture represents a form of creative flexibility the purpose of which is to boost values for market stake holders by prioritizing the role of costumer in all business activities. Productivity, along with efficiency as an inherent economic factor accompanying it, is the ultimate goal for numerous business organizations. The purpose of the present enquiry was to find out the extent to which market-orientation culture and productivity of human resources may influence each other. The study is based on the mixed findings regarding the nature of the relationship and the orientation of causality. To serve the purpose, the Granger Causality Test and the Hausman Test in simultaneous equation system were employed. Employing Market-orientation Culture Model of Denison and Human Resource Productivity Model of Hersi and Blanchard, the research data were obtained via direct observation of behavioral attitudes of the personnel working at Yaas Chain Stores in Tehran up to saturation point. The findings indicated significant positive relationship between the two research variables with enhanced human resource productivity boosting market-orientation culture and vice-versa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - آسیب شناسی تأثیر استفاده از اینترنت بر انزوای اجتماعی دانشجویان
فرحناز مصطفویدیجیتالیشدن رسانهها یکی از پیامدهای تکنولوژیک ارتباطی است که در دنیای جدید به وجود آمده است. شکوفایی فناوریهای ارتباطی معاصر سطوح جامعه مختلف منجر به انتقال بخش بزرگی از ارتباطات سنتی چهره به چهره به فضای مجازی شده است. لذا این روند به شکستن الگوهای سنتی از تماسهای Moreدیجیتالیشدن رسانهها یکی از پیامدهای تکنولوژیک ارتباطی است که در دنیای جدید به وجود آمده است. شکوفایی فناوریهای ارتباطی معاصر سطوح جامعه مختلف منجر به انتقال بخش بزرگی از ارتباطات سنتی چهره به چهره به فضای مجازی شده است. لذا این روند به شکستن الگوهای سنتی از تماسهای انسانی و گسترش حجم روابط آنلاین رسیده است. همچنین یکی از مسائل مهمی که درباره گرفتاریهای اجتماعی در جهان امروز به چشم میآید، میزان انزوای اجتماعی و گسستگی حاصل از آن است که از لحاظ ذهنی در انسان احساس بیپناهی مضاعف و عدم امنیت و اعتماد و از طریق احساس محرومیت و عدم رضایتمندی از زندگی ایجاد میکند. نگارنده در این مقاله درصدد است با بررسیآسیب تأثیر استفاده از اینترنت بر انزوای اجتماعی جوانان در میان 180دانشجو دانشگاهپیام نور در مقاطع تحصیلی با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه محقق ساخته است. یافتهها حاکی از آن است که استفادهیی از اینترنت با بتای 28 درصد تأثیر مستقیم بر انزوای اجتماعی استفادهکنندگان دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - The Influence of Sociological Factors on Usage of Mazandarani Language among the Youth
Hossein GHasemi Seyed Ahmad Jafari Kelarijani Mohsen Jafarzadeh Ali Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
256 - The Relationship of Intelligence Beliefs, Self-Regulation, and Metacognition with School Refusal Behavior in Secondary High School Girl Students
Ali Khaneh Keshi Rajab Ali Mohammadzadeh -
Open Access Article
257 - The Examination of Yazd Young's Attitude toward National Identity and its Effective Factors
Azam Moghimi Majid Amini -
Open Access Article
258 - Investigating Womanliness in Women's' Contemporary Ode (Case Study: Najmeh Zareh, Kobra Musavi Ghahfarrokhi, Pantea Safayi)
Morteza Rashidi Hana MoaviThe way a poet looks at the world and connects with that, also their inner feelings, emotions, and utilizing a proper language to express these feelings specifies their style of poetry. This article tries to investigate the poets of Pantea Safayi, Kobra Musavi and Najme MoreThe way a poet looks at the world and connects with that, also their inner feelings, emotions, and utilizing a proper language to express these feelings specifies their style of poetry. This article tries to investigate the poets of Pantea Safayi, Kobra Musavi and Najmeh Zareh based on their thought and feminine language. To achieve this goal, feminine emotion in their poetry language has been studied at first. In all these poetry, love and human emotions are the main contents that organizes the content. Hope and disappointment can be observed in their poetry with different frequencies, at the same time. Effect of religious branch and religious beliefs have been investigated in their poems, also their creativity and imagination power with a feminine look has been explained. In the end, differences and similarities in their poets are mentioned considering their poetry content Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - The Stance of Sacrifice Rituals in the Stories of One Thousand and One Nights
Mahdi Khalifeh Ghorbanali Ebrahimi Mehrdad ChatraeiSacrifice is among the oldest religious rituals that has received attention by human beings and its life can be tied to the length of human life. One Thousand and One Nights is important and necessary because it shows a deeper understanding of the human's beliefs and co MoreSacrifice is among the oldest religious rituals that has received attention by human beings and its life can be tied to the length of human life. One Thousand and One Nights is important and necessary because it shows a deeper understanding of the human's beliefs and convictions during the past centuries. Various researches have been done about the sacrifice and its types in Persian texts. This article aims to study the types of sacrifices (especially human ones), their goals and methods in the stories of One Thousand and One Nights with a descriptive-library method with content analysis tools and also referring to scientific sources and references, journals, and databases. The results show that all kinds of sacrifices (human and animal) have been common among all religions and its purpose was to ward off calamity, fear of the wrath of the gods, legitimizing the need, a religious practice on the feasts of different religions, making aqeeqah and so on. This ritual act changed after the emergence of divine religions and human intellectual growth, and animals replaced man. It is still prevalent in various communities, especially Muslims, and is becoming something not related to killing the alive creatures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Analysis and Criticism of Narration in the Main Themes of One Thousand and One Nights
Afsaneh Afroughinia Mohammad Shahbadizadeh Javad Mehraban GhezelhesarStorytelling and narration are ways to better understand the environment around us and the world in general. That is, the human mind, with its literary power and narrative processing, regulates irrelevant and meaningless data. The study of a story based on its construct MoreStorytelling and narration are ways to better understand the environment around us and the world in general. That is, the human mind, with its literary power and narrative processing, regulates irrelevant and meaningless data. The study of a story based on its construction is a linguistic study and is both descriptive and an explanation of the literary construction and narrative sham. The purpose of this collection is to study the construction of the story - especially its theme-based on its linguistic features, i.e., narrative opening. From the mysterious world of One Thousand and One Nights, the most impressive themes were selected, and then the opening was described in the selected themes. Needless to say, choosing these themes does not mean that there is no other theme; But also, the choice of themes under the headings of love, crime, sightseeing, story Illusions, and wisdom are evident in most of the stories of One Thousand and One Nights. Rather, a story can have several different themes. In the author's view, the theme was more colorful, selected, and elaborate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - Biochemical defense response of the greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) to complex disease caused by a root-knot nematode and Fusarium wilt fungus
Mehdi Mohamadian Sarcheshmeh Saeed Rezaee Alireza IranbakhshComplex disease caused by the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, and the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum, has limited cucumber cultivation in Iran. Therefore, access to the nematode-resistant cultivars has a crucial role in disease control. MoreComplex disease caused by the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, and the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum, has limited cucumber cultivation in Iran. Therefore, access to the nematode-resistant cultivars has a crucial role in disease control. The Assessment of plant defense compounds in the Complex disease helps understand the molecular mechanisms of resistance and the production of nematode-resistant cultivars. After inoculation of the plants in a greenhouse, the peroxidase enzyme and the phenolic compounds were measured using spectrophotometric method. The experiment was conducted based on a factorial completely randomized designed with 14 treatments, including control, fungi alone, nematode alone in four inoculations level viz. 1500, 3000, 4500, and 6000 J2s, fungus + nematode simultaneously, and fungus a week after nematode inoculation with 4 replications. Phenolic compounds increased by %54.74 and %92.34 and peroxidase enzyme activity increased by %50.64 and %63.31 in plants inoculated with fungus alone and nematode alone (6000 larvae) compared to the control, showing that these substances act as defensive compounds in cucumber. Results showed that increasing the nematode population in inoculated plants improved the defense compounds levels. Inoculation of nematode (6000 larvae) followed by fungus led to %80 and %54.48 increases in phenolic compounds and peroxidase activity, respectively as compared with the control which might be attributed to the synergistic effects of pathogens. The fungi had a more active role than nematodes in increasing the peroxidase compared to the phenolic compounds, which indicated the complex nature of nematode parasitism in the nematode-plant interaction. Decrease in the defense compounds in Negin cultivar (susceptible to Fusarium) and increase in the level of these compounds in Khasib (tolerant to Fusarium) and Dastjerdi (tolerant to nematode) cultivars showed that the production of the defensive compounds may be related to the cucumber resistance to pathogens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Ethnobotanical survey of plant species in Susan district, Khuzestan province, Iran
Hamed Khodayari Fatemeh BaroonianThe science of ethnobotany is the collection of reliable data about the medicinal uses of plants in different cultures, which can be the basis for the discovery of new drugs. This research was conducted with the aim of identification and introduction of native medicinal MoreThe science of ethnobotany is the collection of reliable data about the medicinal uses of plants in different cultures, which can be the basis for the discovery of new drugs. This research was conducted with the aim of identification and introduction of native medicinal use and ethnobotanical indicators of plant species of Susan in Susan region of Khuzestan province in Iran with an area of 1016 ha. Using a questionnaire, the data was collected from 80 (55 men and 25 women) native participants in the age range of 30-75 years old. Also, 109 species of medicinal plants belonging to 40 plant genera were collected and identified from Susan region in the northwest of Izeh city, Khuzestan, Iran. According to the obtained results, Asteraceae with 16 species, Lamiaceae with 12 species, Apiaceae with 8 species, Fabaceae with 7 species, and Brassicaceae with 6 plant species had the most medicinal uses. The results of the investigation of the traditional use of plants in this region showed that medicinal plants are mainly used for the treatment of digestive diseases, respiratory diseases, skin diseases, and blood circulation diseases (fat, high blood pressure, and blood sugar), urinary tract diseases, and as a sedative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - The role of Ochrobactrum anthropi and Ochrobactrum tritici bacteria in biosorption of copper
hajar Abyar mohsen NowrouziThe increasing development of industries and refineries has enhanced heavy metals as a worldwide environmental problem, which shows a potential threat to humans, animals, and plants due to their non-degradable and stable characteristics. Many heavy metal compounds are h MoreThe increasing development of industries and refineries has enhanced heavy metals as a worldwide environmental problem, which shows a potential threat to humans, animals, and plants due to their non-degradable and stable characteristics. Many heavy metal compounds are highly soluble in water which facilitates their easy transfer into the food chain and accumulation in the environment such as excessive amounts of heavy metals in sediments, wastes, and aquatic organisms. There is numerous microbial biomass with different enzymatic capabilities to bioremediate heavy metals such as fungi, bacteria, and algae. Bacteria with a high surface area to volume ratio and easy availability could adsorb heavy metals using functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl on their cell wall. Therefore, in this study, the use of biological and cost-effective methods to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions was considered. For this purpose, the potential of marine bacteria isolated from Khor Musa sediments, which are located in the northwest Persian Gulf, in removing copper was evaluated. The sediment samples were diluted in the NaCl solution and cultivated on the nutrient agar media containing copper concentrations of 10, 50, and 100 mg/L. After 3 days of incubation at 30 °C, the bacteria colonies on the media with a 100 mg/L copper concentration were isolated and purified for further assessment. The primary identification of the isolated bacteria was performed using gram staining and the potassium hydroxide (KoH) test. Then, biochemical tests and the 16S rRNA sequence were utilized to accomplish the bacterial identification. The potential of isolated bacteria in copper removal was evaluated under 50, 100, and 200 mg/L copper concentrations for 150 min. The sampling was performed in 30 min intervals using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Cultivation of sediment samples in a nutrient agar medium containing concentrations of 10 to 100 mg/L of copper led to the isolation and identification of two resistant bacteria from the genus Ochrobactrum sp. Both bacteria were gram-negative and rod-shaped, positive mobility and oxidase tests, negative methyl red (MR) and Voges-Proskauer (VP), and H2S producing in triple sugar iron agar (TSI) test. Furthermore, glucose and maltose tests indicated that the isolated bacteria were oxidative. The bacterium O. anthropi strain YX0703 illustrated a remarkable performance in which that removed 71.08% and 63.96% of copper metal in concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/L, respectively. In addition, a range of copper removal in a concentration of 50 mg/L was from 47.3% after inoculation, to 72.6% at 120 min. The maximum removal of copper was observed in the first 60 min of exposure to the metal equivalent to 64.92%. While, the highest percentage of metal removal by O. tritici strain AN4 was obtained at a concentration of 50 mg/L, equivalent to 72.62%, and when the concentration increased to 200 mg/L, the removal rate decreased to 49.97%. It is noteworthy to mention that O. tritici strain AN4 removed 58.22% of copper at a concentration of 100 mg/L in 90 min while the removal trend was relatively constant after 90 min exposure to the copper. The samples containing copper without bacterial inoculation were considered as control which showed a constant concentration during the experiments. Comparing the amount of copper absorbed by bacteria in different concentrations showed a significant difference (p<0.05) and with the increase in copper concentration, the amount of metal absorbed by bacteria enhanced. In fact, the biosorption of metal ions to the cell wall of microorganisms continues until a balance is established between the absorbed ions and the number of remaining ions in the solution, therefore, at high concentrations due to the abundance of metal ions, more ions must be absorbed by the bacteria. According to the obtained results, more than 70% of a 50 mg/L copper concentration was absorbed by both O. tritici strain AN4 and O. anthropi strain YX0703 in 150 min. The performance of bacteria in concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/L was also impressive, which indicates the high capacity of these bacteria in the biosorption of copper. Therefore, by providing optimal growth conditions, the potential of this group of bacteria can be used to reduce heavy metal pollution in the southern aquatic ecosystems, especially in areas that are heavily influenced by human activities. Moreover, Generally, the obtained results depicted the possibility of using these bacteria to treat wastewater contaminated with heavy metals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - Investigating and explaining the mechanisms of analyzing inter-organizational relations in renewal and Rehabilitation areas with urban decline (Case study: Ghaemieh neighborhood of Isfahan)
samira shahin daryoush moradi chadeganiIn the structure of urban management, the development of interactions and relationships within and between organizations, leads to the improvement of organizational performance and a solution to open the inefficiencies of urban management, resulting from the diversity o MoreIn the structure of urban management, the development of interactions and relationships within and between organizations, leads to the improvement of organizational performance and a solution to open the inefficiencies of urban management, resulting from the diversity of organizations and inter-organizational inconsistencies to respond to urban problems and challenges. Therefore, in an urban management system, the analysis of inter-organizational relations is necessary in order to achieve coordination and development of inter-organizational relations and achieve the goals of urban and organizational development. The purpose of this article is to achieve the theoretical mechanisms of inter-organizational relations including factors affecting the formation and transformation of inter-organizational relations, supportive approaches to analyzing these relationships, their sorting and finally introducing mechanisms to guide and control inter-organizational relations to increase inter-organizational coordination and facilitate the process. The goals are to improve and renovate the dysfunctional fabric of Ghaemieh neighborhood located in the 13th district of Isfahan. Inter-organizational based on power-trust matrix was used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - Evaluating land-use sustainability emphasizing on maintain cultural heritage (Case stud: The Ancient Susa City)
Somayeh Khademy Mahmoud GhalehNooe Mohammad MasoudLand use planning program has always been the most important factor in urban planning, because it determines land use and spatial structure of cities, on the one hand, and on the other hand it also determines the economic value of each piece of land. Therefo MoreLand use planning program has always been the most important factor in urban planning, because it determines land use and spatial structure of cities, on the one hand, and on the other hand it also determines the economic value of each piece of land. Therefore, different perspectives are presented on ways of using this important resource that are important regardless of quality of life issues, while the quantity, per capita and access are considered. In the recent decades changes have happened to the urban planning. Consequently, land use planning has been neglected and attention to land quality issues were rare. There have been times when solutions have been offered for improving it, however, inefficient and inadequate. In this regard, approaches to sustainable development with emphasis on efficient use of land has provided a new approach in urban planning and has been followed by the most important element of it - Land use planning. In this paper it has been tried to choose most important indicators that are effective on urban land use; also this indicators were adapted on sustainable devel0opment then they were used for evaluation of urban sustainability of urban land use. Since the protection of monuments and their privacy were of the most important elements of sustainable development, indicators were chosen with emphasis on protection of monuments and privacy compliance date . Further we were trying to combined these indicators with other indicators of urban sustainable development. For this purpose order maps showing space density were used to determine Kernel density estimation (KDE) and for combination of layers and providing the final map on AHP model. The results show that districts located in the eastern half – New city districts- have more stability than the districts located in thewestern half in city of Susa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Synthesis of NiFe2O4/sawdust nanocomposite for oil-water separation
Azita Seyed Shariatdoost Mohammad Yousefi pirouz derakhshi Aliakbar Safekordi kambiz larijani -
Open Access Article
267 - Synthesis of NiFe2O4/sawdust nanocomposite for oil-water separation
Azita Seyed Shariatdoost Mohammad Yousefi Pirouz Derakhshi Aliakbar Safekordi Kambiz Larijani -
Open Access Article
268 - Politeness Strategies Used by English Native Speakers, Persian Native Speakers, and Iranian EFL Learners in the Production of Refusal Speech Act
Farahat Jazaeri -
Open Access Article
269 - Impact of Teacher Motivational Practice on Iranian EFL Learners’ Request and Refusal Speech Acts Production
Ahmad Molavi Reza Biria Azizeh Chalak -
Open Access Article
270 - The causes and contexts of the development and prosperity of historiography during the period of the Mamluk Sultans (648-923 AH)
amirhosein sharifi sattar Oudi RAMAZAN rezayiReview: Historiography grew and flourished in the Mamluk era in such a way that this period should be considered the peak of Islamic historiography. The writing of hundreds of books with many and voluminous volumes in all kinds of historiography and especially in the f MoreReview: Historiography grew and flourished in the Mamluk era in such a way that this period should be considered the peak of Islamic historiography. The writing of hundreds of books with many and voluminous volumes in all kinds of historiography and especially in the fields of general, local, and dynastic histories shows this issue. No period of Islamic history has seen so many historical works. The basic question of this research is: Why was historiography so much attention during the period of Mamluk Sultans (648-923 AHThe findings of this research indicate that the long crusades and also the Mongols with the Mamluks have been very effective in this field. Muslim historians intend to write their books to remember the great and brilliant victories of the Mamluk sultans against the eastern and western enemies of Islam for future generations. The encouragement and persuasion of the Mamluk sultans and emirs and some other factors that are the subject of this article have also been very effective in this field. The study method used in this research is descriptive-analytical and based on reliable sources as well as looking at study and research writings and referring to the library and digital resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Relation Between Electricity Consumption and Economical Growth in Selected Exporting Oil Countries
mohsen mehrara razieh farmahini farahani Ayat hasanzadehThe purpose of this study is to estimate the relationship between economic growth and electricity consumption growth in the selected oil exporting countries during 1972-2008 using both country time series and panel data. The empirical results based on panel data indicat MoreThe purpose of this study is to estimate the relationship between economic growth and electricity consumption growth in the selected oil exporting countries during 1972-2008 using both country time series and panel data. The empirical results based on panel data indicated that there is a mono-directional short-run causality running from electricity consumption growth to economic growth and a bi-directional long-run causality between electricity consumption growth and economic growth. The findings implied that economic growth in the selected exporting oil countries is highly depended to the electricity energy, and thus, electricity conservation policies will have a reverse effect on their economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - The Relationship between Per Capita Health Expenditure and Per Capita GDP (A Case Study of Low and Middle Income Countries)
davood behboodi faranak bastan majid feshariThe main objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between per capita health expenditure and per capita GDP for lower and middle income countries during 2003-2007. For this purpose, we used the Hsiao's-Granger and Toda & Yamamoto(TY) causality tests MoreThe main objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between per capita health expenditure and per capita GDP for lower and middle income countries during 2003-2007. For this purpose, we used the Hsiao's-Granger and Toda & Yamamoto(TY) causality tests for investigating short-run relation between two variables. The results of the model estimation reveal that there is a unilateral causality from the GDP per capita to per capita health expenditure. Due to the results of this paper, the main implication policy of this study is that the policymakers and economic planners should adopt the suitable policies to improve economic growth and GDP per capita. Because, the increase of GDP per capita can be enhance the consumption expenditures and especially, health expenditures per capita. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Causality Relationship between Energy Consumption and Production in Iran Industries during 1995-2007
Seyed Kamal Sadeghi Naser Senoobar Davood Behboodi Ali DehghaniThis paper investigates the effect of energy consumption on the production of industries having more than 9 employees in Iran. Hsiao’s Granger Causality and Granger Causality in Panel Data is used along with the data during 1995-2007 to study the issue. The findin MoreThis paper investigates the effect of energy consumption on the production of industries having more than 9 employees in Iran. Hsiao’s Granger Causality and Granger Causality in Panel Data is used along with the data during 1995-2007 to study the issue. The findings represent that the energy consumption has a positive effect on the production of industries in Iran. Moreover, the results indicate that there is unilateral causality relationship between energy consumption and the value of industrial productions. Hence, the main implication policy of this study is that the policy makers should adopt the policies to improve the value of production in these sectors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Typological Study of Causative Constructions in Azeri-Turkish based on Comrie's Typological Model
Parya Razmdideh Vahed YalchiCausatives are part of minds universalities and they are always expressed in all languages. Among several available instruments for encoding causative notion, morphological, lexical, and analytic causative constructions are common in languages. But the frequency and amo MoreCausatives are part of minds universalities and they are always expressed in all languages. Among several available instruments for encoding causative notion, morphological, lexical, and analytic causative constructions are common in languages. But the frequency and amount of their occurrence are different among them. This research aims in describing and analyzing different types of causative constructions in Azeri Turkish based on Comrie (1989) typological model and knowing about the used methods for causativisation. This research's language variety is spoken in west-north of Iran in Ardabil, eastern and western Azerbaijan provinces. The data are mostly gathered via documental method and interviewing 10 speakers (5 males and 5 females) from illiterate to educated levels in the age ranges of 45-80 years. The results show that based on the prominent typological views, it can be said that in Azeri-Turkish language in addition of using morphological, lexical, analytic, compound, and discoursal causatives, morphological causativisation is much more generative than the others due to agglutinative nature of this language, and potentially every non-causative predicate can change to causative by adding causative morpheme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Criminological Explanation of The Influence of Lived Experiences on The Strengthening of Criminal Tendencies in Cyber Space Subject of Study: Great Tehran Prison (Fashafouye)
Gelavizh Sheikholeslami vatani Mohhamad Ashouri Nasrin Mehra Mohammad Ali MahdaviSabetIn the process of evolution from thought to criminal action, what happens to a cyber-criminal in his/her initial or continuous desire to commit a crime is the strong criminal tendency and the lack or, in some case,s weakness of the deterrents that cause him not to join MoreIn the process of evolution from thought to criminal action, what happens to a cyber-criminal in his/her initial or continuous desire to commit a crime is the strong criminal tendency and the lack or, in some case,s weakness of the deterrents that cause him not to join the society. This gradual process, which concentrates on risk components in different age periods based on three basic components including learning patterns and learned lessons, suppressed childhood experiences and memories and finally the lack of family and social bonds, will be studied in this paper. Therefore, the present research, employing causality perspective, explains how the social forces (family, friends, culture, environmental conditions, poverty, etc.) can be effective in creating a criminal identity? An approach that aims to achieve practical results tested a range of variables in the light of theoretical criminological foundations on the statistical population of cyber-criminals to be able to achieve a causal cognitive model based on the most important factors influencing their criminal course. Variables that often cause the appearance, continuity and stability of cybercrimes are acquired and learned and that the human nature (inheritance) play insignificant role the formation of cyber crimes. Hence, the current research, which is a collective and phenomenological research, is descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method, and in terms of purpose is practical. The statistical population of this research consists of a group of convicts of Great Tehran Prison (Fashafouye) who are serving their sentence in the said prison. The findings describe the fact that the propensity for cybercrime and movement towards it is not a single event but a product of a gradual and staggered process. It is worth mentioning that the statistical calculations were done using SPSS22 software and based on descriptive-inferential statistics (by applying the multivariate regression equation method). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - A Study of the Pillars of Actualization of Civil Liability in Cyberspace
Rasool malakootiThe difference in nature of the cyberplace (virtual space) with the real world requires the change of concepts and elements of some legal topics and issues as well as the related terms of the field. Among such issues and topics is the field of civil liability. The actua MoreThe difference in nature of the cyberplace (virtual space) with the real world requires the change of concepts and elements of some legal topics and issues as well as the related terms of the field. Among such issues and topics is the field of civil liability. The actualization and imposition of civil liability is contingent upon existence of three pillars namely imposition of damage, existence of harmful act and existence of causal relationship. Each of the mentioned three pillars carry specific meaning and have specific characteristics in the real world. The purpose of this article is to investigate the necessity of existence and identification of these three pillars in the cyberspace and then try to explain the characteristics and boundary constraints as well as the ways of identification and determination of the same. The result is that the loss in the cyberspace has a narrower definition compared to that of the real world and the ability to predict the type and amount of loss is not a condition for realizing the liability the individual inflicting the loss. Harmful actions in this respect can be realized in the form of the four sources of the civil liability mentioned under Article 307 of the Civil Code. Furthermore, the Causality Relationship in cyberspace will lose its dependance to custom or tradition and the Causality Relationship and its realization and determination will depend on the technical characteristics of the field. In this regard, analysis and focus on the cause of the loss rather than the harmful act will be a better way for proving the causality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Secret Nusayrī beliefs in al_Hidayah al_Kubra
Ali ِAdelzadeh Amidreza AkbariNowadays numerous studies have shown Khaṣībī's special place in the formation of the Extremist sect Nusayriyyah, and have Analyzed Nusayrī views in his works. Khasibi in Al-Hidaya Al-Kubra has not expressed Nusayrī 's ideas less explicitly; except in the Babiat. this ha MoreNowadays numerous studies have shown Khaṣībī's special place in the formation of the Extremist sect Nusayriyyah, and have Analyzed Nusayrī views in his works. Khasibi in Al-Hidaya Al-Kubra has not expressed Nusayrī 's ideas less explicitly; except in the Babiat. this has led some Imami scholars to consider his book as a Imami Book and without Gholoww. This article, with a comparative study between the narrations of al-Hidaya and other Nusayri Books, shows that the Khasibi's Nusayri beliefs have been reflected in different sections of Al-Hidaya and even in the section of the Imams. So It explain the extensive similarities between al-Hidayah and Khasibi's secret works in Nusayriyyah such as Al-Risalah al-Rastbashiyyah, and identify and decipher Nusayrī dogma in the booka text; such as the divinity of Imam Ali, the immortality of the Imams, the divine status of the persian kings, and transmigration. The generality of the book Al-Hidayah has led the author to cover his religion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - Historical trend of Interpretative Thoughts of »Alāst verses«: A Critical Reviewing and Innovating
Seyyed hossein KarimpourThe study of mysterious contents of Alāst verses (Arāf «i.e. The Heights»: 172 -174) has long been considered by scholars of hadith, Interpreters, and muslim thinkers. looking at the views expressed on "Alāst" in the history of Islamic thought, reflects MoreThe study of mysterious contents of Alāst verses (Arāf «i.e. The Heights»: 172 -174) has long been considered by scholars of hadith, Interpreters, and muslim thinkers. looking at the views expressed on "Alāst" in the history of Islamic thought, reflects a continuous effort to provide new thoughts in the interpretation of these verses, an interpretation that is persuasive, and reflects the intricate and ambiguous aspects of the Verse while compatible with the appearances of verses and religious principles. The present article, by applying a descriptive-analytic method, has developed a new theory after originating the views and evaluating the interpretive thoughts of the Alāst verses.The result of the research has led to this meaning that the difference in commentators` opinions, more than arising from complexity of the contents of verses, is influenced by extreme attention to narratives, neglection of the damage of exaggeration and Isrâelites. Also the present study is being more reflected on the words, combinations, and style of the verses further emphasizes that the contents of Alāst verses, not only is a common covenant for all human beings, but also is a special event for those who were so pernickety and dissenter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Evolution Trends of Cell Phone Usage in Primary School Students
Morteza ManteghiThe goal of this research was to investigate the evolution trend of cell phone usage in primary school children. The research method was qualitative and the type was grounded theory. The study sample included 115 girl and boy cell phone users who studied from 1st to 6th MoreThe goal of this research was to investigate the evolution trend of cell phone usage in primary school children. The research method was qualitative and the type was grounded theory. The study sample included 115 girl and boy cell phone users who studied from 1st to 6th grade in primary school. The sampling of the research was purposeful. The results of the study indicated that girl and boy cell phone users at early grades of primary school, after getting acquainted with some features of cell phones (like communications, entertainment, education and services) use it positively. But at higher grades of primary school, due to lack of necessary cultural grounding in society, school and family for proper usage of cell phones, the application of cell phones gradually drifts towards improper usages (like time wasting, call disturbing, malignity, snobbery, facilitation of girls and boys relationships, SMS loves, call credit exploitation, playing with Bluetooth, disclosure of individuals' private information, improper or pornography photos and videos applications, electronic aggression, finding hidden identity, identity disorientation, and cell phone addiction). Therefore, to avoid these issues, it is necessary for cultural and educational authorities and students’ parents to make a big effort for cultural grounding for proper and useful application of cell phones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Internet and Youth Religiosity (Case: 19-30-Year-Old Girls and Boys in Isfahan)
Mohammad Ali ZakiThe internet is one of the basic principles of modern societies which has affected different parts of society. Little research has been conducted on the impact of the internet on religiosity. Youth is an important part of the social structure of Iran, so the study exami MoreThe internet is one of the basic principles of modern societies which has affected different parts of society. Little research has been conducted on the impact of the internet on religiosity. Youth is an important part of the social structure of Iran, so the study examined and explained the impact of the Internet on youth religiosity. The research method was correlation and data collection instrument was a questionnaire. The data were collected by using sampling among the city's youth (n = 384). Reliabilities of religiosity and Internet questionnaire were 0.93 and 0.78, respectively. Descriptive results indicated that the youth's use of the Internet was below the average and their religiosity was above the average. Correlation analysis showed a very weak negative relationship between the internet and religiosity. Regression analysis indicated that among the eight types of internet use, only three types of chatting, work and education, and games and entertainment had the most influence on religiosity. The results of path analysis showed that the three variables of socio-economic status (- 0.27), internet usage (- 0.16), and urban social area (- 0.13) had the highest negative impact on religiosity. Through use of Internet, social class variable had an indirect influence on the youth religiosity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Testing Factorial Structure of UseLearn Questionnaire and its Implementing in E-Learning Universities of Tehran
Peyman Kamkar Mohammad Reza Nili Khadijeh Ali AbadiUsability evaluation can be the first step to improve e-learning systems. Since there is not an appropriate toll in Iran to completely evaluate it, the goal of this study was validating a foreign sample called UseLearn and its implementing in e-learning universities of MoreUsability evaluation can be the first step to improve e-learning systems. Since there is not an appropriate toll in Iran to completely evaluate it, the goal of this study was validating a foreign sample called UseLearn and its implementing in e-learning universities of Tehran. The research method was descriptive–correlational. A sample size of 288 was chosen through proportional allocation. The tool used in this study was UseLearn. The data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, Cranach’s alpha coefficient, one-sample t test, ANOVA and MANOVA. Results showed that 12-factor model tested in this study was approved by AGFI. Also, factor loadings obtained for the questions (except question 29) indicated the validity of the questionnaire. Single-sample t test results indicated that the e-learning systems in e-learning universities of Tehran are not in a good situation in terms of usability. Results of MANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between the means of components of UseLearn questionnaire. Thus, UseLearn questionnaire can be used as a valid tool for assessing the usability of e-learning systems in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Study the Impact of Individual, Organizational and Cultural Variables in the Adoption of Information Technology among Teachers in the Form of Causal Modeling
Hassan Galavandi Farshid Ashrafi Salimi Kandi Sima AlizadehThe current study aimed to looking for the impact of individual, organizational and cultural variables in the adoption of information technology among teachers in the form of causal modeling. This study is placed among the causal modeling, which contains the path analys MoreThe current study aimed to looking for the impact of individual, organizational and cultural variables in the adoption of information technology among teachers in the form of causal modeling. This study is placed among the causal modeling, which contains the path analysis and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study was one district high school teachers in the city of Urmia with the 260 persons. Based on Krejcie and Morgan table 150 persons of them were selected by cluster sampling method. Therefore they responded the questionnaire which consists of these subscales: decide to use, expected performance, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions, individualism/ collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and power distance, and masculinity/ femininity. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling based on partial least squares (PLS) and one sample t test was used to check the status of cultural and organizational components. Findings showed performance and effort expectancy, and social influence had positive and significant effect on the decision to use information technology. Facilitating conditions and masculinity/ femininity had positive effect on use behavior. Also the effects of uncertainty avoidance and power distance were negative and significant. But the effect of individualism/ collectivism on these variables was not significant. Finally the tested model predicted 27% of variance in intention to computer use and 19% of use behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Relationship between Rate of Internet Use and the Type of its use with Academic Performance of the Students in Islamic Azad University of Zanjan
Rasol Davoudi Raheleh Nourbakhsh Bonjar Naghi KamaliThe purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between rate of internet use and the type of its use with academic performance of the students in Islamic Azad University of Zanjan. To reach this goal, in addition to theoretical studies and investigating resear MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between rate of internet use and the type of its use with academic performance of the students in Islamic Azad University of Zanjan. To reach this goal, in addition to theoretical studies and investigating research literature, data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. Experts approved the validity of the questionnaire and the reliability was estimated by Cronbach Alpha 0/88. The statistical population consisted of 12,309 Islamic Azad University undergraduate students, 364 people of whom were selected as the sample based on Cochran formula and through stratified random sampling method. The research method was an applied one in terms of purpose, and a correlation one as far as data gathering is concerned. Data analysis was performed through descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between internet use and academic performance of undergraduate students in Islamic Azad university of Zanjan. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the way to use internet in three aspects, that is, recreational, communicational, and educational aspects and the academic performance of the students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - Designing predictive model for microbial load in sausage meat processing with using impedance method and survey on its correlation with reference
Reyhaneh Sororyan Laleh Roomiani Ali FazlaraThe objective of the present study was to employ the technique of Impedance Splitting Method, a technique of high accuracy and sensitivity, in the microbial count and characterization based on their rate of metabolic activity leading to a change in electrical resistance MoreThe objective of the present study was to employ the technique of Impedance Splitting Method, a technique of high accuracy and sensitivity, in the microbial count and characterization based on their rate of metabolic activity leading to a change in electrical resistance in the shortest possible time. A total bacterial count on samples (n= 80 of sausage) collected during the cold and warm seasons, were evaluated by the standard and the Impedance splitting methods (ISM). Based on the obtained coefficient of determination results in the resulting mathematical equations, the correlation coefficient between the two methods in relation to the total bacterial count in sausage, in the summer and winter seasons, as well as the cumulative results have been 93.9, 93.1and 95%, respectively. This study suggests that impediometric technique can be used as a rapid and reliable method to accurate estimation of sausage bacterial loads. This initial evaluation of the suitability of indirect impedance to generate microbial growth data in complex food matrices indicates significant potential for the technology as an alternative to plating methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Evaluation of possibility of replacing nitrite and Ascorbic acid present sausage using celery powder and barberry juice During storage at 4 ° C
سید ابراهیم حسینی sanaz seifi nofersti mohamdreza khaniThe aim of this study is to introduce processed meat product in the way of minimizing the preservatives substances by using celery powder and barberry juice. In this experiment the production of sausage 55 is designed while substituting the nitrite level of 90, 60, and MoreThe aim of this study is to introduce processed meat product in the way of minimizing the preservatives substances by using celery powder and barberry juice. In this experiment the production of sausage 55 is designed while substituting the nitrite level of 90, 60, and 0 ppm respectively with level of 1, 2 and 4 percent of celery powder and level of 5 percent the mixture of ascorbic acid and barberry juice. The specifications of produced samples have been analyzed through chemical tests (Thiobarbituric acid, residual nitrite, color analysis, and peroxide values), microbiological analysis and sensory analysis in the 1st and the 21st day of production. The analysis of the sample corresponding with 1 percent celery powder and barberry juice resulted in the averages of 12.63 by red color index, 40.76 by residual nitrite, 4.06 by peroxide values, and 0.183 by thiobarbituric value; closed to the control in compare with other produced samples. Microbiological culture of mold and yeast and enterobacteriaceae within 21days confirmed the quality of substances and materials as well as the appropriate condition of production. Admittedly, taking the texture and color into account, the sense evaluation test shows the average of 4.5, compared to the other produced samples, which was closed to the control. According to the healthly benefits of herbal substances and as claimed by unhealthy specification of synthetic preservatives substances; the outcomes of this study confirms that partial replacement of nitrate with powdered celery and barberry juice, affecting the health value of processed meat product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - Antimicrobial Effects of Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa) Oil in Nitrite Reduced Sausage
Mohammadreza Khani Amin Abolhasanzadeh Maryam FahimdaneshThis study was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of black cumin oil in sausage and evaluate the possibility of reduction of its nitrite. For this purpose, sausage samples were prepared at concentrations of 2 and 3 percent of black cumin oil containing vario MoreThis study was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of black cumin oil in sausage and evaluate the possibility of reduction of its nitrite. For this purpose, sausage samples were prepared at concentrations of 2 and 3 percent of black cumin oil containing various amounts of nitrite (including 0,30,60,90 ppm) in eight treatments and a control sample without black cumin oil and with 120 ppm nitrite and all stored for a month at 4°C. Then microbial properties of all samples such as total bacterial counts, coliforms, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, yeasts and moulds were examined on 1, 11, 21 and 31 days of storage time and organoleptic properties were evaluated after production of samples. The results showed that treatments containing 2 and 3 percent of black cumin oil with 90 ppm and 60 ppm nitrite, mainly had total bacterial counts, coliforms counts, E.coli, S.aureus, yeasts and moulds counts similar to those had control sample during the storage. But these microbial counts showed significant increase in all the samples at the end of the storage period (P<0.05). Salmonella and Cl. perfringens was not detected in samples. Generally, the results indicated that microbial load decreased by increasing the concentration of black cumin oil from 2 to 3 percent in equal concentrations of nitrite. Also, reduction of nitrite in treatments containing black cumin oil, mainly led to significant decrease of color, flavour, and general acceptance scors comparing with control sample, but had no significant effect on texture and odor properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Isolation Alicyclobacillusacidoterrestris specific bacteriophage, the causative agent of fruit juice spoilage, from soil
Amir TajBakhsh S.Elham Rezatofighi Hossein Motamedi Solmaz RafiaeAbstract Alicyclobacillusacidoterrestris is the main bacterial agent of fruit juice spoilage and the methods for its elimination are much paid attention to. Recently, using this phage for controlling bacteria in food products has received special attention. The aim of MoreAbstract Alicyclobacillusacidoterrestris is the main bacterial agent of fruit juice spoilage and the methods for its elimination are much paid attention to. Recently, using this phage for controlling bacteria in food products has received special attention. The aim of this study was to isolate the specific bacteriophages of A. acidoterrestris from soil. In this study, the samples collected from the soil around the Cedruslibani (Cedar) trees were investigated after being centrifuged and filtered to seek the understudied phage. Bacterial culture equal to0.5 McFarland turbidity, isolated from fruit juice and confirmed by molecular and biochemical techniques, was prepared in AAB. Adding a certain amount of environmental samples allowed the phage to be replicated in the environmentcontainingbacteria. Then, the environment was centrifuged and the supernatant, which is the source of the phage, was filtered. The pure phage suspension was assessed in double agar method for studying the formation, shape and size of plaques. Plaque formation confirmed the presence of bacteriophages in the filtrate. Consequently, the heat and acid resistant bacteriophage was isolated from the soilaround the Cedruslibani (Cedar) trees. The results revealed the presence of specific bacteriophage of A. acidoterrestris. This phage can be used for eliminating of this bacterium in fruit juice. Stability of these bacteriophages in fruit juices its specific. Preserving the fruit quality side is of advantages of using this bacteriophage comparing to other methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - بهینه سازی تولید آلیزارین توسط محرک های زیستی مختلف در گیاه روناس با روش تحریک-اینفیلتراسیون
سونا اعیادی طیبه سلیمانیمقدمه و هدف: روناس با نام علمی Rubia tinctorum، یکی از شناخته شدهترین گیاهان دارویی هست که آلیزارین و دیگر آنتراکینونها که مواد رنگی مهمی با اثرات دارویی هستند، از آن استخراج میشوند. هدف از این تحقیق بهینهسازی و افزایش تولید آلیزارین در گیاه کامل روناس با القای محرک Moreمقدمه و هدف: روناس با نام علمی Rubia tinctorum، یکی از شناخته شدهترین گیاهان دارویی هست که آلیزارین و دیگر آنتراکینونها که مواد رنگی مهمی با اثرات دارویی هستند، از آن استخراج میشوند. هدف از این تحقیق بهینهسازی و افزایش تولید آلیزارین در گیاه کامل روناس با القای محرکهای زیستی میباشد. روش تحقیق: جهت افزایش تولید آلیزارین، محرکهای باکتریایی (استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس و باسیلوس اورئوس در غلظت-های نیم و یک مک فارلند) قارچی ( فوزاریوم اگزوسپوریوم و آسپرژیلوس فومیگاتوس در غلظتهای mg total sugar/mL 2/0 و 4/0) به گیاه کامل روناس به طور مستقیم با استفاده از سوزنهای بسیار نازک انسولین میباشد، تزریق شد که این روش elicitation-infiltration نام دارد. سپس مقدار آلیزارین این نمونهها با استفاده از روش استاندارد افزایشی توسط روش UV-Visible مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج و بحث: استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس (1 مک فارلند) موثرترین محرک در افزایش زیست توده بود. علاوه بر این، در بین محرکهای قارچی، آسپرژیلوس فومیگاتوس با غلظت mg total sugar/mL 4/0 مهمترین کمک را در افزایش زیست توده آشکار کرد. به کارگیری محرکهای باکتریایی افزایش محسوسی را در مقدار آلیزارین در همه غلظتها ایجاد کرد. بیشترین افزایش (5 برابری) را نیم مک فارلند باسیلوس سرئوس داشته است. علاوه بر این، فوزاریوم اگزوسپوریوم نتایج برجسته-ای را در افزایش تولید آلیزارین از خود نشان داده است. توصیه کاربردی صنعتی: طبق اطلاعات به دست آمده، کاربرد روش elicitation-infiltration برای افزایش تولید آلیزارین برای اولین بار مورد استفاده قرار گرفته شده است و طبق نتایج ، این روش می تواند روش موثری برای بررسی های بیشتر در مورد بهینه سازی تولید متابولیت های ثانویه در گیاهان دیگر نیز به کار گرفته شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - کاهش نیتریت در سوسیس با استفاده از روش سطح پاسخ و بکارگیری اسانس مرزه ی بختیاری و پودر گوجه
بنفشه محمدی نفیسه جهانبخشیان مریم جعفریBackground & Aim: The use of synthetic additives is one of the main approaches for preventing microbial growth and oxidative reactions in meat products. These preservatives were recently marked as unhealthy to humans; therefore, the consumers demand for fresh, natur MoreBackground & Aim: The use of synthetic additives is one of the main approaches for preventing microbial growth and oxidative reactions in meat products. These preservatives were recently marked as unhealthy to humans; therefore, the consumers demand for fresh, natural, and negligibly processed products with lower content of artificial additives is increasing.Experimental: The effect of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge essential oil (EO) and tomato powder (TP) to optimize sausage formulation with reduced nitrite content was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effects of different levels of EO (200-400 ppm), TP (5-15%) as Hurdles, and sodium nitrite (SN) (0-300 ppm) in sausage formulation during storage (0- 24 days). Dependent variables including residual nitrite, pH, color indices, microbial load, and hardness were investigated and finally model optimization and validation were conducted.Results: The results showed that residual nitrite was strongly depending on initial added nitrite and storage time (p<0.001), so the use of nitrite substituent was undeniable to have an improved sausage formulation without microbial defect. RSM represented a quadratic model for all responses except in texture which was linear and the pH and microbial load showed interaction. The optimized predicted values for SN, EO and TP were 56 ppm, 378 ppm and 5%, respectively. The model validation revealed that the results of the experiments were in good agreement with the predicted values.Recommended applications/industries: The results of the present study can be useful for consideration in meat products industry to reduce the nitrite level in sausage formulation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - The Confrontation of Violence of Hegemony and Terrorism in Iraq
Shahrouz Shariati Akram MirzadehAbstract The recent developments in the Arabian Middle East countries particularly Iraq have attracted the attention of international relations observers but what has turned the region into an explosive situation is the expansion of terrorist activities of radical Isla MoreAbstract The recent developments in the Arabian Middle East countries particularly Iraq have attracted the attention of international relations observers but what has turned the region into an explosive situation is the expansion of terrorist activities of radical Islamic groups and the military presence and violent and hegemonic measures of the United States in confronting the phenomenon. On this basis, the examination and analysis of terrorism and hegemonic suppression of it and the role of these two phenomena in intensifying each other needs to be explained because it is one of the important problems in the Middle East today. The paper attempts to evaluate the picture and outcome coming out of the interaction and confrontation between terrorism and iron hand suppression of it. In fact the paper wants to examine the causes of growth and expansion of terrorism in the Arabian Middle Eat with emphasis on relations between hegemonic suppression of terrorism and terrorism in Iraq. The article takes the help of historical descriptive, analytical method and statistics to prove the hypothesis. The finding of the study shows that the growth and expansion of terrorism in the Arabian Middle East is the product of employing explicit and implicit violence by the United States hegemonic stability strategy and the relation between hegemonic stability and terrorism in Middle East is evaluated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - The evolution of the global power structure and its impact on the relationship between the United States and Saudi Arabia
محمد حسین جمشیدی Sajad MohseniWith the collapse of the Soviet Union and the transformation of the power structure from bipolar to monopolitic, the regions became more important as sub-systems; Accordingly, the United States has sought to redistribute power in the regionsthe main question is what are MoreWith the collapse of the Soviet Union and the transformation of the power structure from bipolar to monopolitic, the regions became more important as sub-systems; Accordingly, the United States has sought to redistribute power in the regionsthe main question is what are the variables of the continuity of strategic relations between the United States and Saudi Arabia? It is hypothesized that the continuity of the relationship variables can be summarized in: "continuity of relationships based on shared interests and threats," "the scope and nature of military relations," and "economic interdependence". Accordingly, the study attempts to investigate issue based on the causal research and multivariate correlation,and the basis of documentary data, . Finally, the common interests and threats, the type of communication and the movement from economy to security and asymmetric reciprocity, have provided the context for the strategic link between Saudi Arabia and the United States, which underscores the continuation of the strategic relationship between the two countries. Iran is a common threat between the two countries of the Islamic Republic. Since the ability to confront and at least the Saudi Arabia's supremacy on the Islamic Republic is difficult, unilateral deterrence is a strategy adopted by the United States Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - Impact of Russia- US Rivalry on Iran's Regional Status
ELAHEH KOOLAEE Amin naeeniThe Arab uprising that started in late 2011 has changed security order and impacted the political and military strategies of major powers in the Middle East. It also created a new opportunity for global powers to expand their role in the region. In such strategic change MoreThe Arab uprising that started in late 2011 has changed security order and impacted the political and military strategies of major powers in the Middle East. It also created a new opportunity for global powers to expand their role in the region. In such strategic changes, Russia intervened in Syria to protect the Bashar al-Assad regime. It has created a geopolitical rivalry between Russia and the US in the Middle East, while the ties of the two countries have been reaching the worst situation after the cold war. In this vein, Moscow has pursued to boost its relations with Iran, as an opposite actor to the role of the US in the region. Tehran has played a significant role in Russian foreign policy, as a card in dealing with the US. Meanwhile, the United States and Russia’s competition has spread in the Middle East,. Since the principles of Iran’s foreign policy toward the Middle East have concentrated to undermine what sees US order, Tehran has improved its relationship with Russia. This paper presents the relations among Iran, Russia, and the US under an interlocked cycle, and analyzes the influence of Moscow-Washington rivalry on the Iran-Russia ties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - The Personality of Donald Trump and its Impact on US Foreign Policy towards JCPA (Based on Ennagram Theory)
Hasan Adediny Koshkoueieh Hossein Masoudnia Mahnaz GoodarziUS foreign policy toward Iran during Donald Trump's presidency began with misread of the nuclear deal, and then withdrew from the JCPA in 8102 to reach a better agreement, violating UN statement 8820 .finally, by unilaterally reinstating sanctions against Iran, as well MoreUS foreign policy toward Iran during Donald Trump's presidency began with misread of the nuclear deal, and then withdrew from the JCPA in 8102 to reach a better agreement, violating UN statement 8820 .finally, by unilaterally reinstating sanctions against Iran, as well as creating preconditions for renegotiation, it pressured other members of the JCPA to withdraw from the agreement.The Trump government chose a win-lose policy over a win-win policy, using the option of maximum pressure and the tools of power instead of diplomatic and peaceful methods. The goal of the Trump administration in reaching a new agreement was a better agreement in the name of its own government with the IslamicRepublic of Iran, which was more influenced by his character than the national interests of the United States. He sought to destroy all the gains of the previous Democratic administration, both internally and externally, by populist rhetoric, corrupting the ruling elites and the American structure. In this article, by analyzing the personality of the US President based on Anagram theory, an attempt has been made to this question is answered how much Trump's personality has caused the US government to pursue its policies towards Iran with an aggressive approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - Competition or cooperation; The future of US and China presence in West Asia
mehrshad ghafarizade Omid Asiaban Enayatollah YazdaniChina's growing presence in the West Asian region has led to a number of debates in academia and policy-making. China is now a global strategic threat to US interests. China's growing presence in the region has led to the question of how much the policy of the United St MoreChina's growing presence in the West Asian region has led to a number of debates in academia and policy-making. China is now a global strategic threat to US interests. China's growing presence in the region has led to the question of how much the policy of the United States and China will change and what future or futures can be drawn for the strategic presence of China and the United States in the region? According to this research hypothesis, the strategic position of the region requires that despite the strategic rivalry between China and the United States in the world, they will work together in the West Asian region. The research method is descriptive-analytical and oversees the future research approach. According to the research findings, the presence of the United States and China in the West Asian region can be considered in the form of four "possible, believable, probable and desirable" futures. Given the need of these two supra-regional governments for the West Asian region, it can be said that the desired future is cooperation and the presence of both governments in the region is predictable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - Survey of international capacities and restrictions on attracting Foreign Investment in the Islamic Republic of Iran (1390s)
Shahram Saadatmand Hosein Ahmadi , masoud hemmatToday, in international relations, attracting foreign investment is one of the most important tools for gaining the international financial resoures in most countries, including the Islamic Republic of Iran. The existence of some international capacities or restrictions MoreToday, in international relations, attracting foreign investment is one of the most important tools for gaining the international financial resoures in most countries, including the Islamic Republic of Iran. The existence of some international capacities or restrictions in each country will always have important effects on the inflow of foreign investment.The important queston of Article is “How international limitations influence on attracting foreign investment and wich are increas investment opportunaties for Iran? The purpose of this study is to identify and introduce the important international capacities and limitations of attracting foreign investment, especially in the 1390s Hijri Solar of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and the collection tool is library and statistical studies. The research hypothesis emphasizes that from an international perspective, the political and economic sanctions imposed by the United States on our country have been among the most important international restrictions on attracting foreign investment in Iran. The results show that how to use the potential of economic cooperation and investment with some countries and the economic potential of Iranians living abroad can increase the amount of foreign investment and subsequently overcome international constraints for the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - The Post-Corona World; China-Centered or America-Centric Continuity in International Relations?
mohammad mahmoodikiaThe outbreak of the coronavirus has raised the question of whether it is possible to transfer power from the West to the East and form a new world order based on China-centric Eastern values.Using the power cycle theory in response to this question, this article argues MoreThe outbreak of the coronavirus has raised the question of whether it is possible to transfer power from the West to the East and form a new world order based on China-centric Eastern values.Using the power cycle theory in response to this question, this article argues that given the current trends in the relative decline of US regulatory and hegemonic power in the international arena, as well as China's rise as an emerging power in the international arena. , The international system seems to be witnessing a period of transition and transfer of power from west to east; However, this transfer of power is a gradual process, and China does not currently have all the resources and capabilities to become a hegemonic power. Issues such as the yuan's influence and parity against the dollar in the international economy, the attractiveness and universality of Chinese values, human rights, civil liberties, and China's controlling system are among the most important issues influencing the speed of the power cycle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - The Impact of the Soft Power of Sports Diplomacy on Iran-US Relations: A Case Study of Wrestling Diplomacy (1998 – 2013)
Soudabeh Mokhtari Garineh Keshishyan SirakiOne of the most important issues in international relations is the concept of "power". Joseph Nye's initiative in separating hard power from soft power gave new form to the definition of power. Sports diplomacy is considered as one of the key ways of forming soft power MoreOne of the most important issues in international relations is the concept of "power". Joseph Nye's initiative in separating hard power from soft power gave new form to the definition of power. Sports diplomacy is considered as one of the key ways of forming soft power and countries are trying to find solutions to reduce tensions, political, economic and social effects with other actors in this supply. The strong presence of Iranian national teams, especially wrestling, in popular international events such as the Olympic Games has created an opportunity for sports to help improve Iran's position in the new world structure, even reducing tensions with its longtime enemy, the United States. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer the question that what role did the soft power of sports diplomacy, especially wrestling, play in Iran-US relations from 1998 to 2013? Studies using the soft power theoretical framework showed that the main hypothesis about the impact of wrestling on the formation of the soft power of sports diplomacy, at critical times and at the lowest cost has helped to improve Iran-US relations. This study also offers suggestions for better use of ship soft power to reduce problems in Iran-US relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - the Hazaras in the Transition Period (2001-2009); Challenges and Opportunities
behnam sarkail ali valiEthnic diversity in Afghanistan is one of the main distinctive aspects of the socio-political structure and the root of many of its equations. However, lack of planning and proper utilization of various identity parameters such as language, religion and ethnicity have c MoreEthnic diversity in Afghanistan is one of the main distinctive aspects of the socio-political structure and the root of many of its equations. However, lack of planning and proper utilization of various identity parameters such as language, religion and ethnicity have caused disagreements, dispersal and hostility among different ethnic groups and people. Factors such as the presence of extremist currents such as the Taliban have made smaller ethnic groups such as Hazaras face serious challenges in addition to some ethnic differences, including religious differences. In this paper, the descriptive-analytical method is attempted to answer the question of what is the status of Hazaras in the new era and what are the opportunities and challenges facing Hazaras? The hypothesis is that the Hazaras nowadays have many opportunities, such as the possibility of formal participation and participation in the political structure of power, the recognition of the Shia religion, but still with challenges such as security threats, cultural challenges. . The result of the study is that radical figures and currents in Afghanistan demand that the Hazaras remain in their traditional and ethnic structures and that they are not dispersed throughout the Afghan society under pretexts such as ethnic and religious differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Fe3O4@SiO2@Am-PPC-SO3H] [HSO4]: A new magnetic solid acid nanocatalyst for the synthesis of benzoxazole derivatives
Mona Sayyahi Maryam Gorjizadeh Soheil Sayyahi -
Open Access Article
300 - Acetylation of alcohol, phenols, thiols and amine promoted by succinimidinium hydrogensulfate ([H-Suc]HSO4) in the absence of solvent
Farhad Shirini Omid Goli-Jolodar Mohadeseh Seddighi -
Open Access Article
301 - 1-(1-Propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride Brønsted acidic ionic liquid catalyzed one-pot synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene derivatives under solvent-free conditions
Sima Abbaspour Mogharab Torabi Jafroudi Shima Haghi Sohan Rezayati -
Open Access Article
302 - Facile synthesis of 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles catalyzed by reusable nickel zirconium phosphate nanocatalyst
Fatemeh Abrishami Maryam Ebrahimikia Fatemeh Rafiee -
Open Access Article
303 - Synthesis of pyrazolopyranopyrimidines catalyzed by caffeine supported on boehmite nanoparticles and their evaluation for anti-bacterial activities
Mohammad Bakherad Rahele Doosti Mahdi Mirzaee Khosrow Jadidi -
Open Access Article
304 - Synthesis of dihydrofurans using biosynthesized CuO nanoparticles
Javad Safaei-Ghomi Hossein Shahbazi-Alavi -
Open Access Article
305 - ZrP2O7 nanoparticles as a robust and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 2-aryl-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-3-pyrazolones under microwave irradiation
Javad Safaei-Ghomi Esmaeil Afkhami Hossein Shahbazi-Alavi Abolfazl Ziarati -
Open Access Article
306 - Li(OHCH2CH2NH2)(CF3OAC): A novel and homogeneous acidic ionic liquid catalyst for efficient synthesis of 2-amino-4H-chromene derivatives
Esmayeel Abbaspour-Gilandeh Seyyedeh Cobra Azimi -
Open Access Article
307 - Pr3+ doped CoFe2O4: A highly efficient, magnetically recoverable and reusable catalyst for one-pot four-component synthesis of multisubstituted pyrroles
Firoz Kalam Khan Amol Pachpinde Mallinath Langade Kishan Lohar Sunil Patange Omprakash Bhusnure Jaiprakash Sangshetti -
Open Access Article
308 - Nano-SiO2/hexamethylenetetramine promoted synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c] pyrazoles under solvent-free conditions
Bi Bi Fatemeh Mirjalili Mina Keihanfar -
Open Access Article
309 - Fe3O4@SiO2@IL‐PVP magnetic nanoparticles: Effective synthesis of spirooxindoles
Shahla Veysipour Masoud Nasr-Esfahani Zahra Rafiee Behrouz Eftekhari far -
Open Access Article
310 - An Update on Half-decade Recent Advances in Functionalized Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as Heterogeneous Nanocatalysts for the Synthesis of Six-Membered Compounds Containing Nitrogen: A Mini-Review
Faris Mohammed Aseel M. Aljeboree Nour Abd Alrazzak Ayad F. Alkaim Yasir Karim Sarah A. Hamood Ahmed B. Mahdi Mohammed Abed Jawad Salam Ahjel -
Open Access Article
311 - Catalytic oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene by heterogeneous M2+/Al-layered double hydroxide (M2+ = Zn, Mg, Ni) modified zinc oxide
Nur Ahmad Nova Yuliasari Fitri Arsyad Idha Royani Risfidian Mohadi Aldes Lesbani -
Open Access Article
312 - Preparation and characterization of a dual acidic Ionic Liquid functionalized Graphene Oxide nanosheets as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-b] quinolines in water
Mohanad Saleh Ghufran Sadeek Shakir Saied -
Open Access Article
313 - Brønsted acidic ionic liquid ([BMIm]HSO4) as an efficient catalysts for the one-pot synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-trione derivatives
Esmayeel Abbaspour-Gilandeh Seyyedeh Cobra Azimi -
Open Access Article
314 - Mild and efficient solvent-free tetrahydropyranylation (THP) of alcohols catalyzed by reusable acidic ionic liquid [Et3N(CH2)4SO3H][OTs]
Abdol Reza Hajipour Ghobad Azizi -
Open Access Article
315 - .Development of a generic model for crime ridden neighborhood
Mostafa Ejtehadi Salahaldin Qaderi Farshid KhezriThe existence of numerous theories and studies about crime at the level of neighborhood, despite having positive points, suffers from certain kinds of reductionism and ambiguity. Many of these studies have focused on social, economic, cultural and environmental variable MoreThe existence of numerous theories and studies about crime at the level of neighborhood, despite having positive points, suffers from certain kinds of reductionism and ambiguity. Many of these studies have focused on social, economic, cultural and environmental variables as the prime causes of crime, and have not systematically studied crime at the neighborhood level. Also, theories and studies that have tried to provide a more integrated model for crime analysis at the neighborhood level are still not well suited to combining different levels and dimensions. The purpose of this paper was to present a multidimensional and multilevel model emphasizing the causal factors and mechanisms for explaining crime at the neighborhood level. Without attempting to present a theory, this article tries to provide a comprehensive model for community-based crime studies by reviewing existing theories on social, cultural, economic and environmental dimensions and combining them. The article tries to increase the explanatory power of neighborhood and crime studies. The success rate of this goal is conditional on testing this model using data within and between neighborhoods and also on being criticized by researchers in this area. The model presented in this paper is a multidimensional and multilevel model in which it attempts to combine the external and internal characteristics of the neighborhood with the power of collective and individual actors to explain the crime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - An analysis of social factors associated with business value orientation among traditional shopkeepers (bazari) of the city of Esfahan
Hassan Saghafian Mansour Haghighatian Shapour BehyanThe present article provides an analysis of social factors associated with business value orientation among traditional shopkeepers (bazari) of the city of Esfahan. On the basis of theoretical framework and previous research, 5 social factors were identified as the main MoreThe present article provides an analysis of social factors associated with business value orientation among traditional shopkeepers (bazari) of the city of Esfahan. On the basis of theoretical framework and previous research, 5 social factors were identified as the main independent variables and their influence on business value orientation of traditional shopkeepers was studied. These factors were professional obligation, generation obligation, work ethics, media usage, and socioeconomic status. The research method was survey and research population consisted of all those who had business activities in Esfahan. 524 of Esfahani bazaris were selected through a multi-step cluster sampling technique. The findings showed that all the independent variables could explain 32 percent of the variance in business value orientation. When independent variables were considered separately, it was found that only the variable professional obligation was significantly related to business value orientation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - Finding the roots of the story of the Jewish tailor and the hunchback in the stories of One Thousand and One Nights
Mohammadjafar Milan noorani Majid KeyhanfarFinding the roots of the story of the Jewish tailor and the hunchback One of the parts of the stories of One Thousand and One Nights is the story of the "Jewish tailor and the hu MoreFinding the roots of the story of the Jewish tailor and the hunchback One of the parts of the stories of One Thousand and One Nights is the story of the "Jewish tailor and the hunchback". In this section, a Jewish person is worried that he accidentally caused the death of a hunchback and is afraid that if the Muslims find out about his work, they will "remove the Jewish generation from the earth". "Violence" can be observed in this passage. In a comparative approach, in order to find the root of this phrase, this article has gone through many versions and translations of the stories of the Thousand and One Nights and came to the conclusion that the sentence in question did not exist in its Persian root before it was translated into Arabic, and when it was translated again from Arabic to Farsi has been added to it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Quality Characteristics of Chevon Sausage Obtained from Goats Fed a 50% Inclusion Level of Melon (Colocynthis citrillus) Husk and Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Oil Slurry
K.A. Sanwo S.O. Iposu J.A. Adegbite S.S. Abiola O.A. Fanimo -
Open Access Article
319 - Landfill site selection Using Analytic hierarchical Process and fuzzy method (case study city of Susa)
amir foroghian hossein eslami ehsan derikvandOne of the important environmental problems is finding a place suitable for municipal solid waste disposal (Landfill). Choose the wrong place causing damage to the environment, human health and pollution of surface and groundwater. Several factors affect landfill site s MoreOne of the important environmental problems is finding a place suitable for municipal solid waste disposal (Landfill). Choose the wrong place causing damage to the environment, human health and pollution of surface and groundwater. Several factors affect landfill site selection and there are different ways to this issue. In this paper, GIS and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) have been used to identify suitable locations for landfill in the city of Susa. For this purpose, four main factors selected that have a substantial impact on the landfill site selection consisting of technical and operational criteria, ecological and biological, socioeconomic and physical. According to these criteria, 15 information layers prepared. The final score of the parameters were calculated by using the paired comparison. After combining 15 data layer using fuzzy analysis and AHP method and helping ARC GIS software, the final map was prepared for Solid Waste. Based on the results, western parts of the city of Susa were proposed for landfill. Because of the great distance from the city of Susa and lack of proper access road, this section has been ignored as the best place appropriate waste disposal. A closer look at the result, 3 regions, with the suitable level of value, range and access road, were determined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - Causal mapping of successful brand in Iran higher education (case study: Technical and Vocational University)
Shahnaz Nayebzadeh Arsalan Nami Seyyed Hassan Hatami-nasab Mohammad Taghi HonariThis goal of the research is identify, categorize and causally map the components of a successful brand in higher education. This research in terms of purpose; functional, in nature; exploratory-analytical; in data collection method, it is a combined (qualitative-quanti MoreThis goal of the research is identify, categorize and causally map the components of a successful brand in higher education. This research in terms of purpose; functional, in nature; exploratory-analytical; in data collection method, it is a combined (qualitative-quantitative) method. In the qualitative phase, the components of a successful brand were identified by reviewing the literature and research background and experts' confirmation. Then, using the opinion of experts, these components were categorized. Ultimately, by using a pairwise comparison questionnaire, the required data was extracted from 11 experts of the technical and vocational university, and by using the causal mapping approach, the successful brand model was designed with the integration mental map of the experts. The findings of the qualitative phase showed that a successful brand in higher education consists of 6 components, which were divided into university image, costs and financial matters, university services and facilities, advertising and external communications, planning and success of education and the location of the university. The highest relationship between variables is related to the relationship between university services and facilities with costs and financial items. Then, between the university image variables and university services and facilities. The weakest relationship is between the cost and financial variables with the university image and educational planning and success with costs and financial items. Successful brand consists of university image, costs and financial matters, university services and facilities, advertising and external communications, planning and success of education and the location of the university. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - The effect of different methods of application of gibberellic acid on morphophysiological and biochemistry indices and Jerusalem Cherry fruit number (Solanum pseudocapsicum L.)
Ali Salehi Sardoei Hamideh Azad Ghoje-Biglou Hadi Ghasemi -
Open Access Article
322 - Improvement of lignans production in hairy root culture of Linum mucronatum using abiotic and biotic elicitors .
Afsaneh Samadi Mohammad Reza Dini Torkamani -
Open Access Article
323 - CMDTS: The Causality-based Medical Diagnosis and Treatment System
Yaser Nemati Pirooz Shamsinejad -
Open Access Article
324 - Mining users` navigation patterns for building web pages recommendation system
Farzad Soleymani Sabzchi Shahram Jamali Maryam Jafari -
Open Access Article
325 - Discovering users` access patterns for web usage mining from web log files
Maryam Jafari Shahram Jamali Farzad Soleymani Sabzchi -
Open Access Article
326 - اولین گزارش Fusarium oxysporum عامل پوسیدگی ریشه و طوقه Thuja plicata در ایران
هادی رهانندهتویا از گیاهان زینتی متعلق به رده مخروطیان و راسته Cupressales هست. درختان سوزنی برگ به دلایل کاربردی و رشد سریع همواره به عنوان ایجاد کننده فضای سبز شهری در جهت ارزش های زیست محیطی حائز اهمیت هستند. بیماری سرخشکیدگی تویا در سال های اخیر خسارت های جبران ناپذیری را به فض Moreتویا از گیاهان زینتی متعلق به رده مخروطیان و راسته Cupressales هست. درختان سوزنی برگ به دلایل کاربردی و رشد سریع همواره به عنوان ایجاد کننده فضای سبز شهری در جهت ارزش های زیست محیطی حائز اهمیت هستند. بیماری سرخشکیدگی تویا در سال های اخیر خسارت های جبران ناپذیری را به فضای سبز شهری وارد کرده است و علائم آن به صورت ضعف، خشکیدگی شاخه ها ظهور پیدا می کند که در نهایت موجب مرگ درخت می شود. این تحقیق به منظور بررسی علل خشکیدگی ریشه و طوقه تویا (Thuja plicata) در غرب استان گیلان، طی سالهای 2022-2021 اجرا گردید. در این بررسی نمونه برداریهایی از مناطق غربی استان گیلان صورت گرفت. ازقسمت های آلودهی ریشه و طوقه 40 نمونه گرفته شد. پس از کشت قطعات آلوده روی محیطهای کشت در این بررسی پنج جدایه قارچی جدا شد، اﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺯﺍﺋﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﺭچ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻬﺎﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻟﻪ گﻠﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻭﺧﺰﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ تویا ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ. از پنج جدایه دو جدایه پژمردگی و پوسیدگی ریشه و خشک شدن نوک برگها با شدت یکسان بیماریزایی نشان دادند. این دو جدایه از لحاظ شکل پرگنه مشابه بودند، که تنها روی یک جدایه ادامه کارهای آزمایشگاهی انجام شد. از محیط کشت های مختلف و روش مولکولی برای شناسایی این قارچ استفاده شد. بر اساس کلید شناسایی و روش مولکولی قارچ عامل بیماری F. oxysporum شناسایی شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - Economic Effect of Social Media on Small Scale Poultry Farmers, Evidence from Nigeria
Abraham Falola Ridwan Mukaila Abisola Kudabo -
Open Access Article
328 - The Estimation Model of Determinant of Mobile Phone Apps’ Usage by Smallholder Farmers in North West Nigeria
Abdullahi Khidir Idowu Oladele Daniel Ekpa -
Open Access Article
329 - Comparative Study of Interpersonal and Mass Media Usage among Rural Farmers in Kogi State
Adejoh S. O. Adejo P.E. Edoka M.H. -
Open Access Article
330 - Sociological Study of the Use of Cyberspace and Its Impact on Social Deviance among Secondary School Students in Kermanshah In 95-94 School Year
سلیمان محبی حبیب الله زنجانی باقر ساروخانیThis study aimed to study the sociological use of cyberspace and its impact on social deviance among secondary school students in Kermanshah in 95-94 school year the survey was conducted using the method. The target population included all high school students in Kerman MoreThis study aimed to study the sociological use of cyberspace and its impact on social deviance among secondary school students in Kermanshah in 95-94 school year the survey was conducted using the method. The target population included all high school students in Kermanshah second period. The research sample consisted of 381 people, which is calculated using the formula. Stratified random sampling and questionnaire is self-made. The results of the study show that daily use of cyberspace The length of time between one and three hours (74/80) and the least amount of time using cyberspace more than five hours (33/1 percent). The maximum duration of the annual usage of cyberspace between one and two years (55/38) and the least amount of time using cyberspace for more than four years (6/04) was the highest allowable use of communication ( 0/58) and the lowest use of cyberspace cognitive (9/44) is. Results also showed the priority components of social deviance, the desire for the greatest amount of damage to public places and watch movies and Islamic unlicensed images is at its lowest and between type of use and the use of cyberspace and social deviations there is a significant relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - The extent and manner of using internet among Isfahans’ college students
مجید گیوی معصومه نصر اصفهانیThe present study seeks to investigate the extent and manner of using internet among Isfahans’ college students. In this study by using Kukran formula, 400 students of Isfahan colleges were selected through simple random sampling based on their sex, educational le MoreThe present study seeks to investigate the extent and manner of using internet among Isfahans’ college students. In this study by using Kukran formula, 400 students of Isfahan colleges were selected through simple random sampling based on their sex, educational level and field of study and from the educational year of 88-89 (the whole number of the stundents were 87621). The intended population of this study were all the students of Isfahans’ colleges (both males and females) from the educational year of 88-89. The results of the study revealed that the increasing extent of internet usage would gradually brings dependence among the stundents. In addition there is a relation between sex, educational level and internet usage while there is no relation between field of study, point of view and internet usage. Finally, it was concluded that male students use amoral, dating and political websites more than female students and female students use frindship and entertaining websites more than male students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - The Study Effects of the internet on a national identity, Shiraz University Case Study
بیژن خواجه نوری مجتبی بخشنده مریم سادات دل آور لیلا بهمنی الهام رستمی زادهWe live in a world transformed and undergone a dramatic transformation. What about these rapid changes, have created a profound and dramatic, new technological achievements of humanity. Among these changes is the problem of identity in cultural crisis and the accelerati MoreWe live in a world transformed and undergone a dramatic transformation. What about these rapid changes, have created a profound and dramatic, new technological achievements of humanity. Among these changes is the problem of identity in cultural crisis and the acceleration due to profound social change, is problematic. With the internet breaking the traditional boundaries of the group, makes the most influence on their identity and group boundaries, and hence the importance of clear and effective means of social identity. The research method and the data through a questionnaire survey among 391 students of Shiraz University has been collected. The results of this study indicate that the national identity of Internet use, duration of use of the Internet and there is a significant relationship between Internet use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - Pursuing International Competitiveness in Iranian Wheat Policy
S.S. Hosseini M. TorshiziAfter the war with Iraq which ended in 1988, Iran implemented several agricultural support policies based on Five-Year National Development Plans. The main objective of these plans in the agriculture sector was to make the agricultural economy more market-oriented and t MoreAfter the war with Iraq which ended in 1988, Iran implemented several agricultural support policies based on Five-Year National Development Plans. The main objective of these plans in the agriculture sector was to make the agricultural economy more market-oriented and to encourage sustainable agriculture. This paper investigates the extent to which Iran's government has been able to achieve this objective in the case of wheat. For this purpose, Producer Support Estimate (PSE) and Consumer Support Estimate (CSE) indicators for Iranian wheat are calculated and discussed. Generally, producers’ and consumers’ support is achieved chiefly by distorting market prices. As will be shown, from 1989 to 2006, the PSE increased about 20 times (in real prices), while the level of production increased 1.69 times. However, the PSE had no significant causal relationship with either wheat yield or its area under cultivation. With respect to consumers’ support, this was found to be positive for Iranian wheat, a result that is uncommon for most developed and developing countries. Recent agricultural policies in Iran do not appear to encourage international competitiveness for wheat and are making the wheat economy more dependent on support prices. We suggest that policy makers reconsider the method of subsidization and the pricing system, at least in the case of wheat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - Providing a System Dynamic Model to Predict Construction Status in Iran Using Sustainable Development Indicators
Morteza Golshanimanesh Hamidreza Abbasianjahromi Mohammad Ehsanifar S.Mohammad Mirhosseini -
Open Access Article
335 - Evaluation of Factor affecting the use and utility of information Zhayganhay Joined by Faculty members of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences during 2018-2019
saeed ghaffari roya rahimzadeh ali farajiObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the use, level of satisfaction and factors affecting the use of online databases by faculty members of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences during 2018-2019. Methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire and the MoreObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the use, level of satisfaction and factors affecting the use of online databases by faculty members of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences during 2018-2019. Methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire and the validity of which was confirmed by conducting a pilot study on a group of 18 faculty members and experts and its reliability with Cronbach's alpha formula. It was distributed among 140 members of the sample. And completed. The sample size was determined using Morgan table and the selection was made by random method in proportion to the population of faculty members of each faculty (class random). Results: The lowest level of satisfaction with the characteristics of the bases is related to the number and variety of bases and the highest level of satisfaction is related to the retrieval accuracy of the bases and the teaching hours of faculty members, but among faculty members with rank There was no significant difference in the use of different scientific methods. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the Science Direct database is used more than other databases and the lowest usage is related to the Clinical key database. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - Evaluation of University websites based on factors of usability and interaction: A case study on Shahid Beheshti University
Maryam Sepahvand Mohsen Haji Zeanolabedini amirreza asnafiObjective: Current study was conducted to evaluate the status of Shahid Beheshti University websites based on usability and interaction criteria. Methods: Type of research is an applied research. In order to assess user interface of Shahid Beheshti University’s we MoreObjective: Current study was conducted to evaluate the status of Shahid Beheshti University websites based on usability and interaction criteria. Methods: Type of research is an applied research. In order to assess user interface of Shahid Beheshti University’s website, first with the library method, a checklist consisting of 135 university website evaluation criteria were extracted. For test the validity, the checklist was sent to 15 web designing experts. For weighting the criteria and parameters of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Expert Choice software was used. The statistical society of 151000 Web site design is the range of Shahid Beheshti University’s web page portal which is sbu.ac.ir. Using the sample table of Krejcie and Morgan, the sample size in this study is 52websites, including 1314 web pages that are also in the scope of sbu.ac.ir Shahid Beheshti University. Results: Web sites of shahid Beheshti University earned by each criteria are as follows: Time 12%. Navigation 88%, design 54%, color 44%, organization 18%, font 27%, home page 23%, Usability 75%, about us 27%, contact us 28%, feedback 4%, validity 25%, link 25%, help 1%. Website of the Islamic Economics Research Center, and School of Biological Sciences at 16.046 with 27.436 points of 50, respectively ranked first and last place. Conclusion:Web sites of Shahid Beheshti University even with a wide range of users, doesn’t have a pleasant situation in terms of providing content and user interface design. Considering the assessment indicators of websites, fundamental changes must be made in the user interface and providing the content of this website. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - Exploring the contexts and implications of Internet of Things usability in libraries based on the grounded theory approach
Ghasem Ali Ehsanian safiyeh tahmasebi limooni Mitra GhiasiObjective: Internet of Things capabilities have a direct impact on information management and service development in libraries. The Internet of Things makes information available and accessible in libraries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to MoreObjective: Internet of Things capabilities have a direct impact on information management and service development in libraries. The Internet of Things makes information available and accessible in libraries. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explain the contexts and implications of Internet of Things usability in libraries. Methodology: This research has been done with qualitative methodology and grounded theory method. The participants of this study were 13 experts in the field of Information Knowledge and Science who were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed based on three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Results: After analyzing and coding the data in three stages of open, axial and selective based on the grounded theory of Strauss and Corbin, 28 main categories were extracted in 6 categories, the components of which are: information management, service development, innovation, agility, Motivation and ease and access. Conclusion: Results show that all outcome components identified in libraries are important. So that these components of Internet of Things are effective in information management and service delivery. The interviewees also emphasized the identified consequences and considered them useful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - Future studies Mutation of Iranian and American scientific products based a scientometric study: A Brief report
mousa bamir Mohammadreza CheshmyazdanObjective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the future of the share of Iranian and American scientific products in the total scientific production of the world. Methodology: The present study was performed by scientometric method. The source of the data searc MoreObjective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the future of the share of Iranian and American scientific products in the total scientific production of the world. Methodology: The present study was performed by scientometric method. The source of the data search is Wos, Scopus databases. The period is from 1995 to 2020. Linear and logarithmic linear functions and regression coefficients were used to predict time. Results: Iran's share of world scientific production, in 1995 in WOS and Scopus, respectively, is 00.4% and 00.5%, and in 2020 in both bases is 2.2, the average growth rate is 215%; The US share in Wos and Scopus in 1995 is 35.2% and 30.8%, respectively, and in 2020 in WOS and Scopus is 24.4% and 20.4%, respectively. Conclusion: The share of Iranian and American scientific production is converging over time, the share of the United States is declining and Iran is increasing. And this convergence is due to the sharp decline in US scientific production Than the rapid growth of Iranian production. As this trend continues, the share of the two countries in Scopus in 2058 and WOS in 2061 will be equal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - Content analysis of English texts for special purpose for the students of Library and Information Science according to the approved curricula
Nahid Banieghbal hasan razavi sadrPurpose:The purpose of this study is content analysis of two text books according to the curricula approved by the High Council of Cultural Revolution: “English texts for the students of Library and Information Science” by Ali Reza Rostami Gomeh and Hossein MorePurpose:The purpose of this study is content analysis of two text books according to the curricula approved by the High Council of Cultural Revolution: “English texts for the students of Library and Information Science” by Ali Reza Rostami Gomeh and Hossein Mokhtari-Memar; and “Using the Library and Information Terms in English Sentences” by Hossein Mokhtari-Memar. The main purpose of the research is to compare the texts to the approved curricula and to give helpful suggestions to promote the educational level of the English texts of Library and Information Science. Methodology: To collect the data, several checklists have been used. The methodology of this research is content analysis that is one of the common methods in data analysis. Findings: Findings indicate that the above mentioned texts are able to cover 86.1% of compulsory and 13.9% of the optional course curricula. The highest coverage of the first book is related to “Library and Librarianship” equals to 17.3%, but the second book covers 20.2% that is related to “Collection building 1”. Both of these are compulsory courses. In some cases such as Library resources and services for adult neo-literates and for children and young adults (compulsory courses), the texts have no coverage. Conclusions: According to the findings, some suggestions have been given for the new editions of the English texts, such as IT, ICT topics and optional courses should be more emphasized. Attention should be paid to include original English texts instead of English sentences in the second book. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - A survey on students' familiarity and use of library services in Karaj Islamic Azad University
shokouh tafreshi Solmaz Derogar KalkhoranThis research, is done by using survey-descriptive method and aims to study students' familiarity and use of library services in Karaj Islamic Azad University. The research population is composed of 400 students out of 20000 students and after distributing the questionn MoreThis research, is done by using survey-descriptive method and aims to study students' familiarity and use of library services in Karaj Islamic Azad University. The research population is composed of 400 students out of 20000 students and after distributing the questionnaire (including 17 closed and 2 open-ended questions) as data collection tool, among them, 369 ones were returned. The findings of the research demonstrate that there is a meaningful reverse co-relation between the students' familiarity with the libraries and the library services and resources (R = 4.054), but there is a meaningful co-relation between their unfamiliarity with the library departments and using accessible library resources (R = 0.0507). There is also meaningful co-relation between students' expectation rate (R = 0.615) expectations and knowing how to use the library. The findings also indicate that 63.1 percent of students are the library members. 71.8 percent of students use the library for reading needed textbooks. The library resources are not up-to-date and there is also lack of library resources (57 percent). The students are not skillful in using library sources (49 percent). The students need to take part in some courses to learn how to use library (75.3 percent). The students make use of computer for searching (61.8 percent). The students are not urged by the professors to use the library resources (58 percent). It is notable that research hypothesis has not been confirmed. Finally some suggestions have been offered for the present and the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - A study of information flow in the research centers affiliated to the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education
Ali Sadeghzadeh Vayghan Mohammad HassanzadehPurpose: This study aims to identify the status of the input, processing and output of information flow in the research centers affiliated to the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education and recognize the influencing factors and technical obstacles which mak MorePurpose: This study aims to identify the status of the input, processing and output of information flow in the research centers affiliated to the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education and recognize the influencing factors and technical obstacles which make significant decrease in information flow. Methodology: The research is an applied research and survey method was used. The population consisted of research assistants, managers of affiliated research centers, heads of academic library administrators and faculty members in 62 research centers affiliated to the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. After confirming its validity and reliability, 306 questionnaires were distributed between researchers. Finally, 222 (72/55%) of the questionnaires were returned. Findings: The overall status of information flow in the research centers, in the "collection and use" stage was appropriate and in the "production and storage", and the "dissemination" stages were inappropriate. In the "collection and use" stage, electronic forms were used more than printed formats and in the "production and storage" and the "dissemination" stages, printed forms were used more than electronic forms. Conclusion: The results of the study may be helpful to the managers of research centers in planning to improve the national and international information flow, use of information, skilled manpower and funds to support research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - Evaluation of Awareness and use University of Medical Sciences Librarians of full-text database available in the home page of the Central Library of the university in 1390
Shohreh Seyyed Hosseini Mohammad javad alemokhtar Fatemeh AnariPurpose: This research aimed to investigate the awareness and the usage of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences librarians who used the existing full-text databases in the homepage of the central library website. This study tried to find the problems and barriers whic MorePurpose: This research aimed to investigate the awareness and the usage of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences librarians who used the existing full-text databases in the homepage of the central library website. This study tried to find the problems and barriers which resulted in the difficulties in using these databases as well as providing some new approaches to disseminate more and more information to the end users by librarians. Methodology: Survey method, with applied approach, was used as a research method. The population was all employed librarians of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences libraries. Researcher-made questionnaire was used as a data-collecting tool and SPSS 16.0 used to analyze data. Central and scatter index statistics has been used to answer the research questions. Findings: The findings showed that the average scores of the librarians’ familiarity with full text electronic databases was 51.52 (Std Deviation=26.4). T-test indicates that there was not any significant difference between the awareness score and the sexuality as well as the usability score and the sexuality; but there was a significant difference between the awareness score and the rate of the usability of full text databases. Also the spearman correlation showed that there was a direct significant difference between the education levels of the librarians and their awareness, familiarity and usability scores. In this case, Elsevier had the highest rank among English databases. Conclusion: The results showed that the rate of the awareness and the usage of the existing full-text databases by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences was more than average. It can be seen that the librarians’ sexuality didn’t have any impact on their awareness and usages but there was a significant difference between their academic disciplines and their usages and awareness. The highest rate of the awareness and usages belonged to the domestic databases. It can be concluded that there was a positive relationship between the periods of awareness of librarians toward these databases and their usages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - User Interface Features of Library software and Utilization of Them: A Comparative Study of students and librarians' attitudes
alireza rahimi Roghaieh Ghazavi Sima Shafie parisa shafiiPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes and satisfaction of students and librarians in Isfahan University of medical Sciences toward the traits of Pars Azarakhsh library software interface and comparing the students’ and librarians’ att MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes and satisfaction of students and librarians in Isfahan University of medical Sciences toward the traits of Pars Azarakhsh library software interface and comparing the students’ and librarians’ attitudes. Methodology: The research method was descriptive survey which conducted in 2009. For gathering data in this study a questionnaire was used, consisting of 51 closed questions which was confirmed its validity and reliability (α= 0.81). The population was included of students and librarians in Isfahan University of medical Sciences. Librarians were those who were working in libraries of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (50 persons); and students were selected via quota sampling. Thereupon from all of Isfahan University of medical Sciences students (5144 persons), 210 persons were selected. Descriptive statistics methods (frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation) were used for data analysis. Findings: The results of this research showed that among variables of student's satisfaction from Pars Azarakhsh user interface environment, total status, pageant, letters and messages of software, learning how to use software was medium; and their satisfaction from help, and other capabilities was less than medium. In all students' satisfaction from Pars Azarakhsh software user interface environment was medium (3.03 of 5). Also in view of librarians, some variables like pageant, letters and messages of software, learning how to use software was medium and upper than medium, which showed that librarians have satisfaction from these variables. Also librarian's satisfaction from help and other capabilities was less than medium. All librarian' satisfaction from Pars Azarakhsh software user interface environment was medium (3.20 of 5). Conclusion: Between all studied variables of software interface, some variables like pageant, letters and messages of software, learning how to use software were in good situation but variables like help and other capabilities needed to be revised and improved. Recognition of user's needs from library software and obviating them persuade users to use library software and also will cause their satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - A Comparative Study on the Library and Information Science's Branches in USA, Canada, UK, with Iran: Emphasizing on their Effectiveness on the Amount of Scientific Productions at the international level
Sayyed Mahdi Taheri Mohammad Alaee AraniObjective: The objective of the current study is to determine the difference between library and information science's branches in USA, UK, Canada, and Iran, and their effectiveness on scientific productionsat the international level in these countries, Methodology: It MoreObjective: The objective of the current study is to determine the difference between library and information science's branches in USA, UK, Canada, and Iran, and their effectiveness on scientific productionsat the international level in these countries, Methodology: It is done by analytical–comparative approach, and with documentary method for data gathering. Findings: the results about the amount of library science's branches in Iran in comparison with others shows that, USA, Canada and UK have 46, 26, 20 specialized branches respectively. However, Iran sporadically has only 10 branches, in various universities with varied educational system. On the other hand, scientific production in mentioned countries except Iran is more than 43% of total production in this field (on the bases of WOS[1] database indexes) in 2000 – 2009 versus 0.255% share of Iran. Conclusion: Findings analyses reports that the multiplicity of specialized branches based on the need of indigenous community, consistent with new information technologies, and generally maturity of library and information science, have directly effects on the scientific productions. [1]- Web of Science (WOS) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - The comparative evaluation of the relationship between university and industry in Iran and Turkey, based on correlation analysis of their international patents and scientific articles
Behjat Taheri Abdolreza Noroozi ChakoliPurpose: The aim of this study was to compare the quality of scientific papers and patent in Iran and Turkey according to Scopus and USA Patent Database. Methodology: This study has been done with scientometric methods and citation analysis. The study populatio MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to compare the quality of scientific papers and patent in Iran and Turkey according to Scopus and USA Patent Database. Methodology: This study has been done with scientometric methods and citation analysis. The study population was all of Iran and turkey patents and scientific articles in USA Patent and Scopus databases Findings: Findings showed that Iran had about 151159 articles and 143 patents in Scopus and USA Patent database. Turkey had 258719 articles and 584 patents in these databases. Also subject similarity between Iran and turkey was not appropriate. Conclusion: According to findings of this study, turkey had better situation than Iran in scientific productivity, therefore Iran must pay attention to release front researches and international collaborative that improve quantity and quality of science and technology situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - A comparative study on the usability of national library websites at Iran, Iraq and Turkey
Sedigheh Mohammad-Esmaeil Somayyeh Kazemi-KoohbananiPurpose: The main purpose of this study is to do a comparative evaluation of Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq and Turkey National Library websites, based on important characteristics in usability of websites. Methodology: In this research, assessment of National Library MorePurpose: The main purpose of this study is to do a comparative evaluation of Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq and Turkey National Library websites, based on important characteristics in usability of websites. Methodology: In this research, assessment of National Library websites has been done using a checklist. The checklist includes 11 criteria and 160 components for reviewing and evaluating websites. Results: According to allocated grade to hypothetical website (with 100% confirmed criteria and components) equal 663 points, the Iran national library website with 594 points (88/5%) has been achieved first rank. Turkey with 485 points (70/5%) and Iraq with 330 points (46/2%) are second and third, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, some proposals have been offered to website designers and decision-makers of Iran National Library. Through recommended proposals in the checklist of Iran National Library website, the improvement of the usability of website and preservation of regional strategic position is possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - Synthesis, physico-chemical properties and anti-bacterial activity of alginate nanogel encapsulated Artemisia diffusa extract
Farzaneh Shamsi Ali Asghar Bagheri Amir MirzaieOne of the new fields in nanotechnology is the use of nanogels to improve the release of drug and increase its antimicrobial effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Artemisia diffusa extract encapsulated in hyaluronic acid nanogels ag MoreOne of the new fields in nanotechnology is the use of nanogels to improve the release of drug and increase its antimicrobial effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Artemisia diffusa extract encapsulated in hyaluronic acid nanogels against the pathogenic bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, A. diffusa extract was first obtained by maceration method using aqueous solvent. The extract was then encapsulated in hyaluronic acid nanogels and the nanogels prepared were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods. The release of the extract was also investigated at different times, temperatures and pHs. Finally, the antimicrobial effects of nanogels encapsulated extract and free extract against the pathogenic bacteria were investigated by the lowest inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The results showed that the synthesized nanogels had a spherical structure and an average size of 85 nm. FTIR results also showed that the extract was trapped within the nanogel structure. The release rate of the extract had a good pattern. Antimicrobial results showed that the nanogels encapsulated extract had lower MIC than the extract. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that hyaluronic acid nanogels encapsulated extract have significant antimicrobial effects and it can be used in the pharmaceutical industry in the future with more studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - Saeid Khosravi Zahra Emami Mohammd Taheri
سعید خسروی طززهرا امامی محمد طاهریبا خروج انگلیس از اتحادیه اروپا بهعنوان یکی از مهمترین اعضا این اتحادیه باعث شد تا برخی تقویت دیدگاههای ناسیونالیستی را بهعنوان عامل تزلزل رویکرد همگرایی منطقهای اروپا بدانند. از همین رو، برگزیت میتواند بهعنوان آغاز روند خروج اعضای دیگر اتحادیه اروپا و فروپاشی آن Moreبا خروج انگلیس از اتحادیه اروپا بهعنوان یکی از مهمترین اعضا این اتحادیه باعث شد تا برخی تقویت دیدگاههای ناسیونالیستی را بهعنوان عامل تزلزل رویکرد همگرایی منطقهای اروپا بدانند. از همین رو، برگزیت میتواند بهعنوان آغاز روند خروج اعضای دیگر اتحادیه اروپا و فروپاشی آن باشد. درحالیکه اتحادیه اروپا در قبال خروج بریتانیا رویکردهایی را برای حفظ انسجام و مقابله با چالشهای امنیتی، اقتصادی و سیاسی خود اتخاذ کرد اما خروج بریتانیا مورد استقبال ایالاتمتحده آمریکا قرار گرفت که برخی این موضعگیری آمریکا را موجب شکاف عمیقتر بین اتحادیه اروپا و آمریکا قلمداد میکنند. این مقاله که به روش تحلیلی - توصیفی و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانهای گردآوریشده است به دنبال پاسخ به این پرسش است که رویکرد آمریکا و اتحادیه اروپا به برگزیت چیست؟ در همین راستا، مقاله به بررسی خروج انگلیس از اتحادیه و رویکردهای آمریکا و اتحادیه اروپا خواهد پرداخت. یافتهها حاکی از آن است که در دوران اوباما با توجه به سیاستهای چندجانبه گرایانه، روابط مسالمتآمیز، همکاری با اتحادیه اروپا درزمینه های مختلف و تأکید بر پیمان فرا آتلانتیک گرایی شاهد عدم موافقت با خروج انگلستان از اتحادیه اروپا هستیم ولی در دوران ترامپ به سبب سیاستهای یکجانبه گرایانه و تشویق انگلیس برای عدم حضور در اتحادیه اروپا دیدگاه موافق به آن اتخاذشده است؛ از طرفی اتحادیه اروپا نیز همچنان خواهان یکپارچگی و حفظ اعضای آن بهویژه بریتانیا برای تأمین منافع اقتصادی، سیاسی و امنیتی خود است. در حقیقت موضوع برگزیت یکی از عوامل واگرایی ایالاتمتحده آمریکا و اروپا محسوب میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - War, Peace, and Cinema: Excerpts from the Foreign Policy of the USA with a Look at Stanley Kubrick’s Cinema
Javad EmamJomehzadeh Mohammad Mehdi Hassan Raji -
Open Access Article
350 - Iraqi Shiites and Their Interaction with the Occupying Forces after the fall of Saddam
Zeinab Ssadat Mirmohammadi Nayereh Mirzababaei Samaneh Keshvardoost -
Open Access Article
351 - Security Arrangements of the Persian Gulf and the Strategic Competition of Iran and USA
Saeed Sarani -
Open Access Article
352 - Public Diplomacy and its Institutions in United States of America
Mohammad Javad Mousanezhad Abdollah Sohrabi Mehri Akherdin -
Open Access Article
353 - Iran's Regional Role and Russia-US Rivalry in West Asia
Ali Eskandari Jahangir Karami -
Open Access Article
354 - Investigating the causal relationship between economic growth, trade openness and the depth of the banking sector: Case study of the D8 Group Countries
maasoumeh Dalvandi mohammad javad mohaghegh niaAchieving economic growth plays an important role in determining countries economic power. Therefore, it is particularly important to recognize and examine the factors that influence economic growth. The depth of the banking sector and trade openness are important facto MoreAchieving economic growth plays an important role in determining countries economic power. Therefore, it is particularly important to recognize and examine the factors that influence economic growth. The depth of the banking sector and trade openness are important factors influencing economic growth. In this study, the unit root test of the IPS was used to examine the significance of the variables. After rejecting of co-integration between variables using Pedroni and Kao test to examine the causal relationship between depth of the banking sector, trade openness and economic growth, the Granger causality model of panel data during the period 1980-2020 in 8 D8 member countries has been used. Therefore, for the depth of the banking sector, a composite index obtained from the Principal Component Analysis method and for economic growth and trade openness, two indexes of GDP and total exports and imports in terms of GDP are used, respectively. The results confirm the existence of a one-way causal relationship from trade openness to economic growth. Other results show that the causal relationship between economic growth and the depth of the banking sector has not been confirmed; The findings also indicate that there is no causal relationship between trade openness and the depth of the banking sector in the countries studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - Identify sports conditions despite e-commerce in the country's industry
میثم رحیمی زاده مصطفی محمدی رئوفThe main purpose of this study was to determine the causal conditions of e-commerce in the country's sports industry. To achieve this goal, a qualitative method and in-depth interviews with the elites in this field were used. The interviews continued in a targeted manne MoreThe main purpose of this study was to determine the causal conditions of e-commerce in the country's sports industry. To achieve this goal, a qualitative method and in-depth interviews with the elites in this field were used. The interviews continued in a targeted manner and in the manner of a snowball, and finally 12people were interviewed. Finally, the data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by data-based method through three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The concepts obtained from coding the signs in the causal section included fifteen items. This can be attributed to the lack of a specific trustee in e-commerce sports, lack of managerial stability, lack of comprehensive and coherent rules and regulations, lack of will of upstream sports organizations to organize e-commerce sports, lack of e-commerce structure in sports, lack of economic policy in clubs And federations, the lack of proper use of e-commerce in sports business processes and functions, the insistence on using traditional methods in sports business, the statehood of sports, the lack of copyright laws, the economic crisis and the reduction of financial resources in Sports organizations pointed out the role and importance of e-commerce, the lack of a specialized marketing force, the shortcomings in the evaluation system and the political conditions and atmosphere prevailing in the government and, consequently, the country's sports. Recognizing these factors can be a guide for policymakers in the field of sports in order to benefit from e-commerce benefits and sustainable revenue generation for the sports industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - On the Impact of Two Input-Oriented Techniques and Perceptual Learning Styles on Causative Construction Development: The Case of Iranian Learners of English
Motahar Tavakoly Gholamreza Kiany Mohammad R. Hashemi -
Open Access Article
357 - The Structural Similarity of the Story of Susan the Minstrel in Borzu Nāmeh with the Creation Myth in Bundahesh
Jabbār Nassiri Esshāq ToqyāniThe last half of the epic of Borzu Nāmeh by Atā bin Yaqub Nākuk Razi, is based on the battle of Susan the Minstrel (rāmeshgar) with Iranian Heroes, and because of its independent structure, it is recounted as a separate story. According to the scholars, in its infrastru MoreThe last half of the epic of Borzu Nāmeh by Atā bin Yaqub Nākuk Razi, is based on the battle of Susan the Minstrel (rāmeshgar) with Iranian Heroes, and because of its independent structure, it is recounted as a separate story. According to the scholars, in its infrastructure, the story, like other national epics, narrates the ancient Iranian myths. From mythological point of view, by using two elements of action and character, the Creation myth of Bundahesh has been re-narrated in Borzu Nāmeh. It seems that by comparing the structure of the re-narrated myth and the structure of Borzu Nāmeh, it can be judged whether some verses and stories of the epopee have been added later. In this way, by referring to the text and structure of the myth, we can comment on the authenticity of the added or deleted parts of the epopee. Contrary to the opinion of some scholars and with regard to the reflection of the Creation myth of Bundahesh in Borzu Nāmeh, it seems that the story of Susan the Minstrel had not been added later to the epopee and is part of the main body of it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - The Story of the Tree and The Child of the People and the Myth of Medusa: A Comparative Study Based on the Theory of Castration Anxiety
Amir Hossein ZanjanbarFreud believes that myths, like dreams, are the symbolic representations of repressed sexual desires and the result of castration anxiety, and on this basis, he offers psychological-mythological reading of the archetype of " Medusa's head". He explains the works of art MoreFreud believes that myths, like dreams, are the symbolic representations of repressed sexual desires and the result of castration anxiety, and on this basis, he offers psychological-mythological reading of the archetype of " Medusa's head". He explains the works of art based on the theory of castration anxiety, and believes that psychological stories, like psycho-biographies, can be analyzed from psychoanalytic point of view. In the present article, the short story of The Tree and The Child of the People, by Abdolmajid Najafi, a psychological story, has been compared with the myth of Medusa, and a psychoanalytic reading of these two texts has been made. The purpose of this comparison is to show that both the myths and the contemporary child and adolescent stories are projections of human inner psyche. The article seeks to answer how castration anxiety is represented in the story of The Tree and The Child of the People and the myth of Medusa. The research, at first by using analytical-descriptive method, decodes the story, and then compares its theme with the psychological characteristics of Medusa from Freudian point of view. The results show that the theme of phallic stage, as one of the stages of psychosexual development, has always been present throughout history, from the myths made by primitive humans to the contemporary stories of children and adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - Openmindedness in the Thoughts of Abusa’id Abolkhayr and Sohrab Sepehri
Abdolali Oveisi KehkhāSome researchers believe that the poems of Sohrab Sepehri are influenced by Islamic Iranian mysticism, but some others refer to the influence of Eastern and Indian mysticism, and the other group rejects any mystical context in his works. On the other hand, the thoughts MoreSome researchers believe that the poems of Sohrab Sepehri are influenced by Islamic Iranian mysticism, but some others refer to the influence of Eastern and Indian mysticism, and the other group rejects any mystical context in his works. On the other hand, the thoughts of Abusa’id Abolkhayr, one of the great Sufis of Khorasan School, have some similarities with Eastern mysticism. Both Abusa’id Abolkhayr and Sohrab Sepehri have an openminded look to Shariah (Islamic law); concealing vices and sins of men, kindness with God’s creatures, being free from race prejudice are their distinctive features. They have passed the usual boundaries between good and evil and criticize the hypocrisy and taboos. Based on mystical doctrines of Abusa’id Abolkhayr and Sohrab Sepehri and with regard to the books Asrar al-Tawhid and Hasht Ketab, the present article tries to consider the subject of openmindedness in their thoughts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - Affective Norms for Persian Attachment Related Words
Gheysar Maleki Ali Mazaheri Vahid Nejati Khatereh Borhani Azin Seraj This study aimed to develop affective norms for Persian attachment related words in three phases. In the first phase, 72 students (43 female, 29 male) of Shahid Beheshti University were selected to collect attachment related words. In the second phase, 35 at More This study aimed to develop affective norms for Persian attachment related words in three phases. In the first phase, 72 students (43 female, 29 male) of Shahid Beheshti University were selected to collect attachment related words. In the second phase, 35 attachment specialists (27 female, 8 male) in Tehran, were chosen to evaluate attachment relevance of words. In the last phase, 124 students (65 female, 59 male) of Shahid Beheshti University were chosen and they rated selected words respect to emotional dimensions through Self-Assessment Manikin (Bradley & Lang, 1994) and attachment relevance. Pearson correlation coefficient and mixed ANOVA were used for analysis. After several phases of screening, 107 attachment related words were collected and we presented their emotional dimensions in a descriptive manner. Results showed that attachment relevance has a positive correlation with valence and negative correlation with arousal. There was a negative relationship between valence and arousal. Although females had a positive and negative bias in valence rating of respected words, there was no significant gender difference in arousal. The set of words that was prepared in this study can make the replication of results and scientific communication easier and provides the possibility of comparing results of different studies especially in the field of attachment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - The mediating role of causal attributions on the relationship between perfectionism and academic well-being among gifted adolescents
Mojtaba Malek Jafarian Omid Shokri Masoud SharifiThis study examined the mediating effect of causal attributions on the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and academic well-being among male and female gifted students. In this correlational study, 352 gifted students (152 male and 200 female) resp MoreThis study examined the mediating effect of causal attributions on the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and academic well-being among male and female gifted students. In this correlational study, 352 gifted students (152 male and 200 female) responded to the Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory (MPCI), the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ), the School Engagement Inventory (SEI) and the School Burnout Inventory (SBI). Multi-group structural equation modeling was used to assess causal attributions on the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and academic well-being among male and female gifted students. Results indicated that for total sampel and for male and female gifted students, the partially mediated model of positive and negative causal attributions on the relationship between positive and negative perfectionism and academic well-being had good fit to data. The results of the group specificity of structural relations showed that the relationship between perfectionism, causal attributins and academic well-being were equivalent for both groups. Furthermore, all of the regression weights in the hypothesized model were statistically significant and model' predictors accounted for 41% and 32% of the variance in academic engagement and academic burnout, respectively. In sum, these findings show that the positive and negative perfectionism affect academic well-being of male and femle gifted students through affecting on adaptive and nonadaptive causal attributions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - The Effectiveness of the Enrichment of Interpersonal Relationship Skills Program on Causal Attributions, Interpersonal Conflict Solution Strategies, Cognitive Coping Skills and Perceived Positive Relations with Others
Omid shokri Hosien PourshahriarThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of enrichment of interpersonal relationship skills program on university students’ causal attributions, interpersonal conflict solution strategies, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and perception of MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of enrichment of interpersonal relationship skills program on university students’ causal attributions, interpersonal conflict solution strategies, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and perception of positive relations with others. In this experimental study with pretest-posttest control-group design and follow up stage, 72 students participated, 40 students in the experimental group and 32 students in the control group. The participants completed the Attribution Style Questionnaire (ASQ; Peterson & et al., 1982), the Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory (CRSI; Kurdek, 1994), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-SF; Garnefski, Kraaij & Spinhoven, 2001), and the Positive Relationships with Others Scale (PROS; Ryff, 1989). The experimental group received 10 sessions of enrichment of interpersonal relationship skills program (1 hour a session). The results of multivariate and univariate covariance analysis indicated that enrichment of interpersonal relationship skills program was effective in increasing positive causal attributions, positive problem solving strategy, adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and positive relations with others and in decreasing negative causal attributions, non-adaptive interpersonal conflict solution styles and non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in short term and long term. The findings suggest that enrichment of interpersonal relationship skills program may result in mental immunization in students through increasing positive thinking strategies, adaptive emotional management skills and interpersonal relationships skills enrichment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - Nest Count of Breeding Waterbirds and Terrestrial Birds in Khor Musa in spring of 2015
Behrouz Behrouzi-RadThe identification and counting of breeding species of birds in Khor Musa was carried out by total count method using a 10×40 Zais binocular and a 15×60 telescope, in spring of 2015. Sixty-five species of water birds and terrestrial birds were identified, 23 MoreThe identification and counting of breeding species of birds in Khor Musa was carried out by total count method using a 10×40 Zais binocular and a 15×60 telescope, in spring of 2015. Sixty-five species of water birds and terrestrial birds were identified, 23 species (35.38 percent) of which were breeders. Population of breeding birds was 14455 pairs in Khor Musa in spring 2015, from which 12826 pairs (97.72 percent) had bred in Dara and Ghabre­ Nakhoda islands. Seven species of water birdsbelonged to four families, six species of waders and wading birds belonged to seven families and eight species of terrestrial birds belonged to eight families which bred in Khor Musa in 2015. Ghabre Nakhoda and Dara islands are sensitive habitat for breeding species especially for Sternidae and Dromas ardeola. Non-breeding population of birds (water birds and terrestrial birds) were 2181 individuals which belonged to 65 species, from which sixteen species (24.6 percent) with 595 individuals were terrestrial, 49 species (75.74 percent) with 1586 individuals (72.72 percent) were water birds. Therefore, the management and protection of Khor Musa as a sensitive habitat for breeding speciesand protection of chicks of 14455 breeding pairs of water birds, terrestrial birds and wintering species is vital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Lead Concentration in Sediment and Euchelus asper in Rocky Shores of Kish Island
S. Banihashemi M. Baniamam Persian Gulf waters remain heavily impacted by a number of pollutants originating from different sources such as direct and indirect discharge of land based pollutants, sewage etc. Millions of tons of industrial effluents are dumped into the gulf shallow waters More Persian Gulf waters remain heavily impacted by a number of pollutants originating from different sources such as direct and indirect discharge of land based pollutants, sewage etc. Millions of tons of industrial effluents are dumped into the gulf shallow waters every year and the environment is highly contaminated in many urban and industrialized areas of many countries. As a result, high concentrations of heavy metals occur in some areas.The aim of the present study is to determine the bioaccumulation of heavy metals such as lead in water, sediment, soft and hard tissues of Euchelusasper at four selected stations of Kish Island’s rocky shores in winter and summer of 2014. Lead in water samples were assayed (after preparation and chemical digestion) using Perkin Elmer 4100 atomic absorption spectrometer. Lead heavy metal concentrations obtained in four stations in winter and summer, respectively, in soft tissue were 2.57 ppb and 2.02 ppb, in hard tissue 2.28 ppband10,1 ppb, in sediment 2.23 ppb and 1.73 ppb and in water, lower than detection limit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - The effects of essential oils of Elettaria cardamomum, Pistacia atlantica and Eugenia caryophillata on control and expression of some genes of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in Fusarium graminerum
Ahmad Mehraban Javad AbkhooBackground & Objectives: Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of scab disease in wheat and other small grains. Zearalenone and deoxynivalenol are the main toxins produced by F. graminearum. In this study, the effects of essential oils of Elettaria cardamomum, Pi MoreBackground & Objectives: Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of scab disease in wheat and other small grains. Zearalenone and deoxynivalenol are the main toxins produced by F. graminearum. In this study, the effects of essential oils of Elettaria cardamomum, Pistacia atlantica, and Eugenia caryophillata on F. graminearum growth inhibition and the expression of some genes in deoxynivalenol biosynthetic pathway were investigated. Materials & Methods: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fungal growth was measured through the microtiter plate method after growing F. graminearum on Potato Dextrose Broth. In addition, the expression of TRI5, TRI6, and TRI14 genes were evaluated using real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technique. Results: Elettaria cardamomum essential oil had the lowest MIC (100 µl/ml) and the essential oils of P. atlantica and E. caryophillata had the highest MIC (200 µl/ml). Elettaria cardamomum essential oil had the lowest MFC (200 µl/ml) and the highest fungicidal property against F. graminearum, and the essential oils of P. atlantica and E. caryophillata had the highest MFC value (400 µl/ml). The expression of TRI5, TRI6, and TRI14 genes was significantly decreased by E. cardamomum essential oil. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the E. cardamomum essential oil has fungicidal and inhibitory effects against F. graminearum and leads to reduce the expression of TRI5, TRI6, and TRI14 genes relating to deoxynivalenol production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Assessment of tomato genotypes resistance to Verticillium and Fusarium wilt diseases using molecular markers
Bahareh Morid Shahab Haj MansourBackground & Objectives: Fusarium and Verticillium wilts are two major fungal wilt diseases of tomato that have restricted its production worldwide. Culturing resistant tomato cultivars is the best way to control such diseases. Molecular markers linked to resistance MoreBackground & Objectives: Fusarium and Verticillium wilts are two major fungal wilt diseases of tomato that have restricted its production worldwide. Culturing resistant tomato cultivars is the best way to control such diseases. Molecular markers linked to resistance genes would be useful for improving tomato breeding programs. In this study allele, specific markers and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) markers were used to identify tomato genotypes that are resistant to Verticillium wilt and Fusarium wilt, respectively. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 32 tomato hybrids and commercial varieties provided from Falat company. DNA was extracted using cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method. Then, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using molecular markers. To detect Fusarium wilt resistant varieties, PCR-RFLP was down using RsaI and FokI restriction enzymes. The results were confirmed by pathogenicity test. Results: Out of 35 tomato genotypes, 83% were resistant to Verticillium wilt, while 17% were sensitive. Also, 46% of genotypes were resistant to Fusarium wilt, while 54% were sensitive. Genotypes that showed resistance to Verticillium and Fusarium wilts possessed Ve1 and I-2 genes, respectively. Conclusion: Planting resistant genotypes in infected areas can control fungal diseases such as Verticillium and Fusarium wilts, without using any fungicides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Identification of resistant eggplant cultivars to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, the causal agent of fusarium wilt using molecular markers in Iran
Negin Safikhani Bahar Morid Hamid reza Zamanizadeh Shahab HajmansoorBackground & Objectives: Eggplant fusarium wiltis an important factor of yield reduction throughout the world. The ability of this pathogen to survive for several consecutive years within the soil, even in the absence of the host, has made it difficult to control. P MoreBackground & Objectives: Eggplant fusarium wiltis an important factor of yield reduction throughout the world. The ability of this pathogen to survive for several consecutive years within the soil, even in the absence of the host, has made it difficult to control. Producing and using the resistant cultivar is the most effective and suitable method to control this disease. This study was aimed to identify fusarium wilt resistant eggplant cultivars. Materials & Methods: First, leaf samples of domestic and hybrid eggplant cultivars were gathered from 28 provinces in Iran and then DNA extraction from young leaves of the cultivars was carried out using CTAB method. Four markers including CAPS, RAPD, SRAP, and SCAR were used to determine the resistant cultivars. In order to confirm the results, resistance and sensitivity of the genotypes were assessed in greenhouse conditions, as well. Results: Out of 20 genotypes of this study, 13 showed index resistance band using CAPS, RAPD, and SRAP of molecular markers. On the other hand, the SCAR marker could not separate the resistant cultivars from the sensitive ones. Phenotype assessment of native and hybrids resistant cultivars in greenhouse condition confirmed the results of the molecular analysis. Conclusion: In general, the use of resistant cultivars obtained in this study using molecular markers is recommended for planting in areas with fusarium wilt disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Isolation and identification chitinolytic bacteria from plan rhizosphere soil and their potential in antifungal biocontrol
Tahereh Salahinezhad Zoheir Heshmatipour Masoud HashemikarouiBackground and Objectives: Chitinase is one of the most important industrial enzymes, which is recently employed especially in the biological control of pathogenic fungi. This study was aimed to isolate and to identify the chitin degrading bacteria obtained from the rhi MoreBackground and Objectives: Chitinase is one of the most important industrial enzymes, which is recently employed especially in the biological control of pathogenic fungi. This study was aimed to isolate and to identify the chitin degrading bacteria obtained from the rhizosphere soil and also to evaluate their antifungal ability. Materials and Methods: In this study, 38 soil samples from the rhizosphere of tea plants, Geranium and clover were collected randomly. After serial dilution and growth of the samples on colloidal chitin agar (CCA), the isolates with a clear zone were chosen for further studies. The presence of Chitinase enzyme was measured by a spectrophotometer. Next, we determined the antifungal activity of the isolates against Fusarium solani. Finally, the isolates were identified based on polymerase chain reaction and sequencing 16S rRNA genes. Results: In this study, only one new strain referred to as Serratia Salahi strains was isolated which showed the chitin degrading activity. The highest enzymatic activity (4.37 U/ml) of this strain was obtained at 30°C after 4 days. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of this bacterium could create 1.5 cm inhibition zone. Conclusion: According to the findings, this new strain can be used as a natural pesticide and therefore, it is possible to replace the synthetic pesticides with this natural compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Identification of the Fusarium species associated with canola crown and root rot in Khuzestan Province
Zahra Larki Reza Farrokhi NejadFusarium sp. is one of the most important agents that infect the root and crown of canola in worldwide. The aim this survey was to identify Fusarium species associated with crown and root of canola grown in Khuzestan province and pathogenicity of dominant species MoreFusarium sp. is one of the most important agents that infect the root and crown of canola in worldwide. The aim this survey was to identify Fusarium species associated with crown and root of canola grown in Khuzestan province and pathogenicity of dominant species in this area. Following isolation and purification of the samples, specific media were used to identify the isolates. The isolates were used for infection of the trees in an accidental manner. In this study, a total of 73 isolates of Fusarium were isolated. F. solani, with 23 isolates was the most dominant fungi in these samples while F. oxysporum and F. verticillioides showed the lowest number of isolates. In this study, F. nigamai, F. verticillioides and F. clamidosporas were isolated for first time from crown trees grown in Iran. The pathogenesis tests showed that F. solani and F. equiseti showed the highest pathogenesis. Based on the severe infection in the roots in these samples, it is recommended to investigate the volume of damages and appropriate strategies for control of pathogenesis of Fusarium in farms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Antifungal activity of Bacillus subtilis isolated from soil in Tehran's parks against Fusarium graminearum
Fatemeh Rafiee Mohammad Reza Fazeli Abbas Akhavan sepahi Zahra NoormohammadiBackground & Objectives: Soil microorganisms play an important role in the biological control of pathogenic fungi. The aim of this investigation was to isolate soil-borne Bacillus subtilis with the ability to produce antifngal lipopeptides that are suitable&nb MoreBackground & Objectives: Soil microorganisms play an important role in the biological control of pathogenic fungi. The aim of this investigation was to isolate soil-borne Bacillus subtilis with the ability to produce antifngal lipopeptides that are suitable for suppressing Fusarium graminearum, which contaminates wheat, corn, potato and a wide range of plants.Materials & Methods: B. subtilis was isolated from the rhizospher of healthy plants of park slocated in the five areas north, south, east, west and center of Tehran and was identified based on morphological characteristics, biochemical tests and sequencing of 16S rRNA. The antagonistic activity of isolated strains against F. graminearum was investigated by Well method. The strains that inhibited the growth of fungi and showed the greatest inhibition zone, were selected. Surfactin of selected bacteria was purified by methanol method and bacterial metabolites and pure surfactin (Sigma Company) were compared with, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results: Among 60 isolated strains, 27 strains had antifungal activity. Six strains with the highest fungal inhibition zone (8-16 mm) were selected and their yellow color and transparency was a confirmation to HPLC. Two bacteria with the highest amount of surfactin production by molecular method showed high similarity with B. subtilis.Conclusion: The results show that Bacillus subtilis isolated from soil are good candidates for biological control of plant pathogenic fungi and therefore can a suitable alternative to chemical fungicides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Application of Soil‐borne Streptomycetes for Biological Control against Fusarium Wilt of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L) caused by Fusarium oxysporum fsp cumini
Mozhgan Golmoradi Gholamhosein Shahidi Bonjar Sonia Aghighi Meysam Soltani NejadCumin )C uminum cyminum L.) is an annual plant belonging to Apiaceae family. One of the major diseases of cumin is Fusarium wilt caused by a soil-borne, vascular wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini which is a devastating disease that occurs in major cumin grow MoreCumin )C uminum cyminum L.) is an annual plant belonging to Apiaceae family. One of the major diseases of cumin is Fusarium wilt caused by a soil-borne, vascular wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini which is a devastating disease that occurs in major cumin growing areas of the world; while plants reach to 0.5- 2.5 cm in height, they die as the result of the disease. In the current research, 80 isolates of Streptomyces spp. isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Astragalus sp. and screened against Fusarium under laboratory condition. Three out of 80 isolates including M15, M26 and M80 revealed having the highest antagonistic activity, hence, selected for further evaluation under greenhouse conditions. After emergence of cumin seedlings, mortality and growth indices were compared between different treatments weekly and results were recorded. Plants were harvested after teen weeks and growth indices such as plant height and weight were recorded. The Streptomyces sp. Isolate No. M15 was showed the strongest effects on plant growth and suppression of the wilt disease as compared to the controls. The present research is an attempt to control cumin Fusarium wilt disease using Streptomyces spp. The final goal of this research is to introduce an effective biological agent for controlling managing Fusarium wilt disease under field condition. this pathogen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Study of ability Fusarium oxysporum fungi in extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle in vitro
Golshid Sajjadi Abolfath Shojaiee Mohammad Reza Fazeli Javid Amini Hossain JamalifarBackground and Objective: Development of methods without using plotant and poisonous material and minimum wastes to produce under control nano structures is of nanotechnologist concerns. In this way biologists, by previous knowledge, nano-scale minerals controlled makin MoreBackground and Objective: Development of methods without using plotant and poisonous material and minimum wastes to produce under control nano structures is of nanotechnologist concerns. In this way biologists, by previous knowledge, nano-scale minerals controlled making by microorganism, seeking organism capable making non-organic nanoparticles. The aim of this study is extracellular production of silver nanoparticles with maximum dimention of 20 nm by Fusarium oxysporum fungi. Materials and methods: After studies to optimize growth condition, Fusarium oxysporum biomass in a medium containing yeast and malt extract is reproduced. After silver nanoparticles production in silver nitrate solution, this nanoparticles are studies by UV-Visible Spectrophotometry and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) methods. Results: Studies showed that when Fusarium oxysporum biomass put in 10-3 M of silver ions, can produce silver nanoparticles in the form of extracellular. Conclusion: Because of physical and chemical particular properties of silver nanoparticles with maximum diameter of 20 nm of Fusarium oxysporum fungi, its industrial production and applied evaluation is offered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Screening of resistance genes to Fusarium Crown rot disease in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars using RAPD markers
Bahar Morid Shahab HajmansoorBackground and Objectives: usarium crown rot caused by F. oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici is one of reasons of decrease in tomato yield worldwide.. Cultivation of resistant tomato cultivars is the best way to control this disease. Molecular markers linked to resista MoreBackground and Objectives: usarium crown rot caused by F. oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici is one of reasons of decrease in tomato yield worldwide.. Cultivation of resistant tomato cultivars is the best way to control this disease. Molecular markers linked to resistance genes would be useful for improving tomato breeding programs. This study was conducted to identify resistant (existence Frl gene) and sensitive varieties of tomatoes using RAPD marker. Material and Methods: DNA was extracted using CTAB method from 27 tomato varieties. PCR technique was used to identify F. oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici. Then RAPD marker UBC 194 was used to amplify resistance gene Frl. Results were confirmed by pathogenicity test. Results: In this study, based on UBC 194 marker it was found that 20 out of 27 tomato varieties and hybrids contained a 590 bp index band (existence of resistance gene Frl). Pathogenicity test showed that the tomato varieties that the resistance gene Frl was found in them had no symptoms while the varieties that did not contain the gene showed disease symptoms with different disease index. Conclusion: Plantation of resistant varieties in the infected areas can control this disease without using fungicides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Identification the etiology of root and foot rot’s causal agents of Brassica napus in Marvdasht (Fars province)
Sara Heydari Fariba Raoufi Gilda Najafi PourBackground and objective: Canola disease is one of the most important challenges in canola production. In different countries, various fungal agents, such as Rhizoctonia solani Pytium sp., Phytophthora sp. and Fusarium sp. have been introduced as root rot and damping of MoreBackground and objective: Canola disease is one of the most important challenges in canola production. In different countries, various fungal agents, such as Rhizoctonia solani Pytium sp., Phytophthora sp. and Fusarium sp. have been introduced as root rot and damping off agents of canola. The aim of this study was to identify the fungal agents involving in canola foot and root rot and, to determine the most frequent fungal agent of the infection in Marvdasht region (Fars province). Materials and methods: In this study, root and foot rotted plants were collected and their fungal agents were isolated. Sampling was performed in various fields in Marvdasht. Isolated fungi were cultured on PDA and purified on 2% water agar. Identification of fungal specious was carried out by using standard keys. All purified isolates were tested for pathogenicity. Results: In this study, five pathogenic fungi belonging to four genera, Fusarium Rhizoctonia Phoma and Pythium were isolated from diseased samples. Among all isolates, F. solani (25%) and Phoma betae (2.5%) had the highest and lowest frequency, respectively. R. solani was very aggressive, whereas P. aphanidermatum and F. solani had produced very mild disease symptom. Conclusion: Our findings showed that canola root rot caused by R. solani is wide dispersed in Marvdasht region in early growth stages; so we strongly recommend that R. solani anastomosis group be identified in the next study. Moreover, usage of anti-microbial resistance and tolerance variety might be investigated. This is the first report of R. solani existence on canola root in Fars province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - The theme of sustainability in the poetry of Hamid Sabzevari and Mousavi Garmarodi
hassan habibi Tahereh Khabbazi Msoumeh Khodadadi MahabadSustainability Lierature under the influence of religions and national movments and with advent of the Islamic Revolution and the accurence of the imposed war and the need for sacred defense, became more prevalent and many committed poets and writers They expresse MoreSustainability Lierature under the influence of religions and national movments and with advent of the Islamic Revolution and the accurence of the imposed war and the need for sacred defense, became more prevalent and many committed poets and writers They expressed stability in their works.Hamid Sabzevari and Mousavi Garmaroudi are two famous poets of ritual, sustainability , and the Islamic Revolution literature who are active in this field. They have been used most of the poetic formats in the service of sustainability literature and have written poetry for every occasion in the Islamic Revolution, and for this reason they are known as revolutionary poets.We are looking for the question: what factors have played a role in the formation of the idea of sustainability of these two poets and what are the most important themes of sustainability in the poems of these two? We came to this point that the two poets' view of sustainability is close to each other and in the field of sustainability literature, such as: jihad, self-sacrifice and martyrdom, philosophy of waiting and the epic of Ashura, right-seeking, colonialism and arrogance, especially after the victory of the revolution in their poems .The role of the people in creating this thinking is remarkable. The people of Iran, who have long made oppression their top priority and have revolted against the in humanity everywhere.This spirit has created a harmonious heartbeat and pen, faith and a beautiful rhythm in the works of these two, which is based on truth-seeking and reflection of pains and ideals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - The effect of manufacturing purchasing managers index on stock market index in Iran
Sakineh Sejoodi Parviz Jafarzadeh BarenjiAbstract Considering the increasing development of the stock exchange market and its potential for creating economic growth and development of the country, it is very important to study the factors affecting this market and this issue is very important for all users of MoreAbstract Considering the increasing development of the stock exchange market and its potential for creating economic growth and development of the country, it is very important to study the factors affecting this market and this issue is very important for all users of this market. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) on the stock price index in Iran. Therefore, the present study has used the monthly data from 2018:10 to 2022:11 and using the Granger causality method and Johansen co-integration to investigate the relationship between Purchasing Managers Index and total stock price index and manufacturing stock price index. The results indicate that there is a one-way causality from the growth of the manufacturing purchasing managers index to the growth of the total stock price index and the growth of the manufacturing stock price index. Also, based on Johansen's cointegration test, there is a long-term positive relationship between the growth of manufacturing purchasing managers index and the growth of total stock price index, and also between the growth of manufacturing purchasing managers index and the growth of manufacturing stock price index. Given that the increase in PMI indicates economic prosperity in the manufacturing sector, this positive relationship shows that, as expected, stock price indices react positively to improvement signals in the manufacturing sector and negatively to negative signals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - رابطه بین قیمتهای نقدی و آتی سکه طلا در ایران
محسن مهرآرا فاطمه نائبی -
Open Access Article
378 - An Investigation of the Relationship between Taxation and Economic Growth (The Case Study: Iran, OPEC and OECD Countries)
ایوب فرامرزی مجید دشتبان فاروجی نادر حکیمی پور صادق علیپور امیر جباریAbstract Tax revenues considers as one of the most important sources of financing and as an effective instrument for fiscal policy in the most economies. The many economists have done experimental and theoretical studies about the effects of taxes on economic growth in MoreAbstract Tax revenues considers as one of the most important sources of financing and as an effective instrument for fiscal policy in the most economies. The many economists have done experimental and theoretical studies about the effects of taxes on economic growth in different countries. For this purpose, this study investigated the relationship between the taxes and economic growth in Iran, OECD and OPEC selected countries. The results of this article for Iran during 1963-2011 has indicated that no cause relationship between taxes and economic growth. Johansen test also showed that the tax have not effected on economic growth. This Result also in 26 OECD member countries during 1998 to 2011 using the VAR-Panel model shows have cause relationship between taxes and economic growth. However, these results from Pedroni and Kao tests also indicate that have no cause relationship between taxes and economic growth in OPEC selected countries during 1994-2011. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - Investigating the Causal Nexus Between Economic Growth, Banking Sector Development, Capital Markets Development and Macroeconomic Variables in Iran
Zarir Negintaji Hassan GolmoradiAdinevand MortezaAli SadeghinejadAbstractOne of the most important issues of economics is investigating the factors affecting economic growth and their impact. Some theorists believe that the development of the financial sector, including the development of the banking sector and the capital market, al MoreAbstractOne of the most important issues of economics is investigating the factors affecting economic growth and their impact. Some theorists believe that the development of the financial sector, including the development of the banking sector and the capital market, along with macroeconomic factors can provide the necessary basis for increasing economic growth. Indeed, there is a serious argument that a weakened financial system are trapped in a vicious circle where low levels of financial development will lead to poor economic performance and poor economic performance will lead to lower financial development.This study examines the relationship between economic growth, banking sector development, capital market development and some important macroeconomic variables. For this purpose, first the combined indicators of banking sector development and capital market development based on the principal component analysis (PCA) method are applied and then using vector autoregressive model and the Granger causalities test, Causal nexus between variables for time series data of Iranin economic between 1363-1397 Is examined.The results of this study show that there is a mutual Causal nexus between economic growth and financial development both in terms of banking sector development and capital market development, so financial development in terms of both banking sector development and market development Capital have reciprocal relation with economic growth. The causality between the development of the banking sector and the capital market is also two-sided and this suggests the importance of integrated financial sector development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - Examining the Interdependence Structure of Iran's Stock Market and MENA Countries
Seyed Mohammad Reza Khatami Gholam Reza Zomorodian Mir Feiz Fallah Shams Layalestani Mehrzad MinoueiAbstractIran's stock market should be related to the stock market of other countries, especially the countries of the region; This connection and dependence accelerates the accumulation and formation of capital and provides many opportunities to investors. With this app MoreAbstractIran's stock market should be related to the stock market of other countries, especially the countries of the region; This connection and dependence accelerates the accumulation and formation of capital and provides many opportunities to investors. With this approach, the present study has investigated the dependence structure of the stock market of Iran and MENA countries. In order to achieve this goal, first, information about the total stock market index of MENA countries from September 2015 to June 2022 was collected and then the fluctuations of the total stock market index of the countriescalculated using wavelet analysis. In the continuation, the Vector Autoregresive (VAR) model estimation and Granger causality test regarding the relationship between the stock market fluctuations of Iran and the countries of the region was carried out. Finally, the quantile regression was estimated and the upper and lower limits of the correlation between Iran's stock market and MENA countries were determined. The results of the wavelet analysis showed that, the range of fluctuations of the total stock market index in MENA countries has increased, over time. Based on the results of the VAR model and the Granger causality test, Iran's stock market is unilaterally affected by the stock market fluctuations of Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Lebanony؛ if fluctuations occur in the stock market of these countries, This work will be transferred to the Iranian stock market immediately. In addition, there was no sign of the impact of the stock market flactuations of Jordan and Bahrain as well as North African countries including Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco on Iranian stock market. The results of quantile regression also showed that the affectability of Iran's stock market from fluctuations is different for different countries and quantiles. In this regard, in the months when the volatility in the stock market of the mentioned countries was less, the effect of the fluctuations on the Iranian stock market was less, and on the other hand, in the months when significant fluctuations occurred in the stock market, the amount of volatility transferred to the Iranian stock market was also higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
381 - sadr and rationalism
emad tayebi mohammadmahdi meshkatiRationalism, in contrast to empiricism, means believing in priori knowledge and theorems. Sadr's two books, our philosophy and logical basis of induction have made a detailed analysis of epistemological perspectives, especially in the context of the rationalism-empirici MoreRationalism, in contrast to empiricism, means believing in priori knowledge and theorems. Sadr's two books, our philosophy and logical basis of induction have made a detailed analysis of epistemological perspectives, especially in the context of the rationalism-empiricism challenge. Sadr introduces his epistemological doctrine as an inherent doctrine which is agree on belief to priori knowledge with rationalists, and believes the principle of refusal of contradictions priori, he based on realisem and abstraction teory , belives the principles of mathematics are priori too, but about causality, by expressing the distinction between rational and experimental causality, he statement rational causality at least is possible, but he don’t accept the self-explaining of the priori principle of induction, or the principle of non-repetition of the accident, and separates himself from the Aristotelian rationalists. Despite the differences between Sadr on some priori principles and epistemological reasoning with the rationalists, Consequently, he is a rational foundationalist. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - Analysis of “the Paradox of Sensory Knowledge” in Aristotle’s Philosophy
کرامت ورزدار Ahad Faramarz Gharamaleki Abd AlRasool KashfiIn Aristotle's philosophy, knowledge begins with the senses, and sensory perceptions bring knowledge to man through the activity of the "nous" faculty. Unlike Plato, Aristotle denies any innate knowledge; but on the other hand, he clearly states that sensory perceptions MoreIn Aristotle's philosophy, knowledge begins with the senses, and sensory perceptions bring knowledge to man through the activity of the "nous" faculty. Unlike Plato, Aristotle denies any innate knowledge; but on the other hand, he clearly states that sensory perceptions do not belong to knowledge and one cannot acquire knowledge to the senses. This creates a paradox in Aristotle's philosophy. If sensory perceptions do not belong to knowledge, how does knowledge arise from "what does not belong to knowledge" and because of the lack of which component of "knowledge", these perceptions do not belong to "knowledge"? According to the authors, the solution to this paradox goes back to the definition of "knowledge" and the possible role of sensory perceptions in the emergence of knowledge in Aristotle. Aristotle does not consider knowledge to be merely "justified true belief" but narrows the scope of "knowledge" to other conditions such as necessity and causality. Therefore, although belief in sensations is a true belief, but these perceptions do not belong to "knowledge" due to the lack of the condition of generality and causality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - Epistemology of virtue, recursion to the past and mutation towards the future
Jalal Peykani Mohamad masoudi niaContemporary epistemology has been influenced by scientism which dominates the analytical philosophy during twentieth century, and considered the knowledge by pure mechanical approach leading to remove non-cognitional aspects from contemporary epistemology. Accordingly, MoreContemporary epistemology has been influenced by scientism which dominates the analytical philosophy during twentieth century, and considered the knowledge by pure mechanical approach leading to remove non-cognitional aspects from contemporary epistemology. Accordingly, it comes to the kind of depression in the contemporary epistemology. Recently, new approach has grown within that epistemology which cannot stand the dominated process and by inspiring the earlier epistemologists, cannot take the role of non-cognitive psychological agents into consideration in the subjectiveness acquiring the knowledge. Ernest Susa and Linda Zagzebski are two outstanding figures belong to the epistemology of virtue. They introduce the episteme as a result of correct function of faculties in the subject that all of them are not directly the epistemological faculties in their own general senses. Therefore, they look for the condition of episteme not in the belief, but in the subject and cognitive agent. This article, in addition to concentrate on the insisting of epistemology of virtue on the role of non-cognitional agents in obtaining the episteme, has shown that this factor can open the new approach in contemporary epistemology and take it out of the current recession. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - China's approach towards the Taliban’srising power in Afghanistan with regard to the Silk Road Initiative
RAZIEH Sanei Ghasem Toraby Alireza RezaeiBecause of its profound competition with the United States of America, China is one of the few countries in the world that has a positive view of the Taliban’s rising power in Afghanistan. It considers the Taliban's rise to power as a means for undermining the rol MoreBecause of its profound competition with the United States of America, China is one of the few countries in the world that has a positive view of the Taliban’s rising power in Afghanistan. It considers the Taliban's rise to power as a means for undermining the role and influence of the United States in Asia and a suitable ground for the implementation of the Silk Road Initiative which is part of China’s Soft Balance against the United States. It is important to note that through the Silk Road initiative, China is looking for large investments in the infrastructures of more than sixty-five countries in the world in order to secure its strategic interests in various fields including economic ones. Because of its being faced with regional and global isolation, the Taliban is apt to strongly welcome relations with the emerging China as a superpower. Based on this, the main question of the article is this: To what extent is Chine’s approach toward the Taliban's gaining power in Afghanistan influenced by its competition with the United States over the implementation of the Silk Road initiative? In response to the above question, it is hypothesized and argued that the Chinese government considers the Taliban’s rise to power as an opportunity to advance the Silk Road initiative and, as a result, a basis for expanding its role and influence in the Central Asian region against the United States’ role and presence. The research method used in this article is descriptive-analytic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - Iran in Germany Balancing Policy
Faranak Khodnegah Davoud Kiani Mahdi Javdani moghaddamAmong the main western power, Germany is the only government that have not left a colonial or domineering record in Iranian historical memory, in the last quarter of Qajar’s political life, throughout the Pahlavi era and during the last four decades of the Islamic MoreAmong the main western power, Germany is the only government that have not left a colonial or domineering record in Iranian historical memory, in the last quarter of Qajar’s political life, throughout the Pahlavi era and during the last four decades of the Islamic Republic of Iran, expanding relations with German have always been one of the Iran’s foreign policy priorities. Decoding the reason of the continuation of historical relations between the two countries, have always been one of the main concerns of international relations scholars. The purpose of this article is to thoroughly examine the political relations between Iran and Germany, after the Islamic revolution in spite of the ideological confrontation between Iran and west. Based on this fact, the main question of this article is how Germany, despite of the intense lobbying of the United States and Israel, have led EU foreign policy toward engagement with Iran. Given the inspiration of this research, from the theory of the balance of power of relation in the analysis of German-Iranian relations, the research method used is also a descriptive analytical one. According to the reasoning of this research in response to the main questions is that Germany have been able to lead by applying some form of balance policy to pursue its geopolitical interests in developing relations with Iran and adhering to its transatlantic obligations to the U.S. and its historical responsibility for Israel, have been able to take the lead in EU foreign policy in engaging Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - Analyzing Trump's Behavior toward Iran Using a Causal Layered Analysis
Hassan Khodaverdi Aliasghar Ghaffari CheratiThe confrontation between Iran and the US on the political, military, economic and cultural issues has begun since the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran and has expanded over a wide range of geographical areas. As Donald Trump came to power, the confrontation be MoreThe confrontation between Iran and the US on the political, military, economic and cultural issues has begun since the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran and has expanded over a wide range of geographical areas. As Donald Trump came to power, the confrontation between the two countries entered a new phase. Using the "principled realism" approach and also the "Nixon's MadMan" Theory, Trump following the increasing weakening of Iran in various economic and political spheres and at all regional and international levels. Given Trump's personality traits, his analysis of Iran's behavior and approaches can paint a clear perspective for Iranian statesmen to advance national goals and Coping strategies against Trump's anti-Iranian approaches. In order to achieve this goal, the method of "Causal Layered Analysis" by examining the above problem can open a new space for the creation of bright future in front of the Iran. In order to design a smart and reciprocal move to achieve national interests, Iranian officials must have a good understanding of Trump's practical and proclaimed policies and approaches toward Iran. The most important tool to pursue these goals is to provide a rational face to the Iran with an emphasis on observing internationally accepted principles and rules, and most importantly adopting smart diplomacy while utilizing the components of hard power alongside the Communication Pattern of Soft power. The main purpose of the present study is to analyze Trump's behavior towards Iran based on a descriptive-analytical method and a Causal Layered Analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - Trump's withdrawal from "JCPOA" and the inefficiency of UN Security Council
morteza nemati zargaranAbstractIran's nuclear program, in the eyes of the West, has the potential to lead to the acquisition of nuclear weapons. Therefore, this program, along with the anti-Westernism of the Islamic Republic, is considered a security threat to the West and especially to the U MoreAbstractIran's nuclear program, in the eyes of the West, has the potential to lead to the acquisition of nuclear weapons. Therefore, this program, along with the anti-Westernism of the Islamic Republic, is considered a security threat to the West and especially to the United States.The West has two general approaches to limiting Iran's nuclear capability: a peaceful solution or punitive measures and military action.US President Barack Obama has accepted a peaceful solution, which is in line with the UN Charter. This view emphasized multilateralism and the role of international organizations. Negotiations between Iran and the six world powers eventually led to the signing of a "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action " or "JCPOA" agreement. Under the agreement, Iran accepted extensive restrictions of its nuclear program, and instead lifted all UN sanctions, as well as unilateral US and European sanctions. Because the agreement was about international security, the same agreement was passed by the UN Security Council.Trump, the next president of the United States, called "JCPOA" against the national interest and unilaterally withdrew.The question is, what has the Security Council done to violate the UN Security Council? The hypothesis is that the violation of the UN Security Council by the United States is the most serious and clear example of the ineffectiveness of the Security Council in maintaining an agreement on the maintenance of international peace and security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - The Transfer of Washington Embassy to Jerusalem; Documentary Analysis Based on International Legal Systems and US Procedures
mohsen bayatThe Trump Statement on the Transfer of the US Embassy to Jerusalem is inherently a unilateral legal action with these commitments for Israel: identifying Jerusalem as the capital of Israel; transferring the US Embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem; Although the US embassy MoreThe Trump Statement on the Transfer of the US Embassy to Jerusalem is inherently a unilateral legal action with these commitments for Israel: identifying Jerusalem as the capital of Israel; transferring the US Embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem; Although the US embassy has been moved to Jerusalem, but these questions still remain: According to international Law and legal procedure of U.S, are Trump's unilateral commitments legitimate? What are illegitimate consequence of this transfer on legal and political situation of Jerusalem? This article is based on the assumption that Trump's obligations are based on a contradictory law, and are conflict with International Legal System of occupied territories, domestic legal procedure of U.S and international rules about the identification of new situations, so they are domestically and internationally illegitimate. We examine this hypothesis with documentary analysis, this method based on first-hand sources that have the characteristics of authenticity, validity, agency, and meaning such as international conventions, treaties, resolutions. Due to the weakness of the international legal system about the identification of new situations and the international legal system about the occupied territories, the transfer of the embassy could result in illegal territorial annexation, unilateral legal action, and the continued illegal occupation of Jerusalem by Israel. Therefore, the transfer of U.S embassy not only poses significant challenges to the efficiency of the international legal system related to Jerusalem, but will also make the political process of peace more difficult than ever. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - US and Afghanistan Peace-building Strategy; from neo-Conservatism to neo-Hamiltonism
somaye hamidi ehsan mozdkhah peyman zanganeThe Terrorist attacks of 9/11 brought about a Fundamental change in US foreign policy. To pinpoint this Phenomenon, American officials blamed the lack of democracy and lasting peace in depressed societies for the violence and terrorist movements. The main question of th MoreThe Terrorist attacks of 9/11 brought about a Fundamental change in US foreign policy. To pinpoint this Phenomenon, American officials blamed the lack of democracy and lasting peace in depressed societies for the violence and terrorist movements. The main question of the present study is what were the American peace-building strategies from the time of George w. Bush to the era of neo-Hamiltonism, Biden tenure in Afghanistan in order to establish lasting peace, security and Expanding Democracy? The research hypothesis points out that US activism in Afghanistan to bring peace is rooted in the pursuit of trans-regional interests and the implementation of American globalization. Basically, attention to the issue and approach to peace-building in Afghanistan in the perceptual-practical apparatus of the united states in order to create a stable country in peace and democracy, a policy that somehow to keep the internal currents in Afghanistan away from relations. Has and does not pay attentions to the internal structure of Afghanistan, so the process of sustainable peace-building has not been successful and has not led to positive results. The research method is descriptive-analytical based on the concept of democratic peace/ peace-building. The findings show that white House governments from the time of neo-conservatives under Bush(son) to the era of so-called neo-hamiltonism (joe Biden) have consolidated their peace-building strategies to secure their interests in the trans-regional dimension, as well as their presence. Has always used worry-free to focus on regional competitors such as china and Russia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - The U.S. Government Shutdown of 2013: The Role of Tea Party
Zahra Amiri Mazlaghani Fouad IzadiThis paper tries to explore the role of the Tea Party in the U.S. government shutdown in 2013. As a unique phenomenon in the world, only the U.S. government has experienced several shutdowns and the emergence of the Tea Party movement added a new dimension to the politi MoreThis paper tries to explore the role of the Tea Party in the U.S. government shutdown in 2013. As a unique phenomenon in the world, only the U.S. government has experienced several shutdowns and the emergence of the Tea Party movement added a new dimension to the political narrative of the U.S. domestic politics in 2009. Hence, simultaneous study of both phenomena as two very controversial cases in the American political system is sought in this paper. To do so, both phenomena are needed to be examined through their historical contexts. Therefore, the theory of “historical consciousness” introduced by Theodor Schieder (1978) is applied as the theoretical framework and, “historical analysis” is assumed as the proper methodology for data analysis. By referring to Boston Tea Party as an iconic event in the American history that gave birth to the idea of the Tea Party in the American political mind, this thesis identifies the core principles of the Tea Party as the same throughout the history. Tea Partiers regard big governments as threats to individual’s liberty. Therefore, the notion of limited government is placed at the center of Tea Party ideology. This research investigates the means by which the Tea Party succeeded to mobilize and unify all potentialities to form a resistance force for defunding ObamaCare and succeed to prevent passing every appropriations including provisions for funding ObamaCare in the House of Representatives. Therefore, the lack of needed appropriations for funding the government, finally led to the government shutdown of 2013. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - Analysis and evaluation of US foreign policy towards Iran in the light of the benefit of smart power(2008-2020)
mojtaba romouk mashallah heidarpour Alireza AminiAbstract This study tries to work on the US foreign policy on Iran based on Smart Power Theory. At the beginning of the 21st-century pivotal role of the US in globalization led to increasing the US power, credibility, and influence in the Middle East, so based on the US MoreAbstract This study tries to work on the US foreign policy on Iran based on Smart Power Theory. At the beginning of the 21st-century pivotal role of the US in globalization led to increasing the US power, credibility, and influence in the Middle East, so based on the US strategy in the foreign policy this power converted from soft and hard power to the "smart power" toward regional countries and especially Iran.The main question of this study is:How we can evaluate US policy based on "smart power" against Iran between the years 2008 to 2020? The hypothesis of this research is on the US foreign policy strategy towards Iran which admits the change in the meaning and use of power by concentrating on "smart power" which became more obvious after 2008. The theoretical framework of this research tries to evaluate and review the US foreign policy based on smart power towards Iran with considering multiple variables The Literature Review of this study is on uses descriptive-analytical and documentary methods that proceed by Literature Review method . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - The doctrine of clean hands with emphasis on the dispute between Iran and the United States in Property Confiscation case
abbas barzegarzadehOne of the preliminary objections of the United States of America in the case of the Certain iranian assets of the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, raised in the International Court of Justice following the ruling of the Supreme Court (2016) was the citatio MoreOne of the preliminary objections of the United States of America in the case of the Certain iranian assets of the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, raised in the International Court of Justice following the ruling of the Supreme Court (2016) was the citation of the doctrine of clean hands. The main point of this descriptive-analytical study is to examine the US preliminary objection based on the Doctrine of the Clean Hands. The United States had claimed that the Iranian government had revoked the right to sue by supporting terrorism and the special face of Lebanese Hezbollah Has done. The International Court of Justice, while accepting the defenses of the Iranian legal team, rejected the US objections to the jurisdiction and hearing of the petition. The Doctrine of the Clean Hands has a long history in the legal literature and has been accepted by international arbitration bodies as a condition for hearing a petition, but has never been accepted by the International Court of Justice as a preliminary objection, and the Court often Examination has referred it to the mertis level. In the case of the dispute between Iran and the United States, the Court did not violate its jurisprudence . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - A Comparative Study of Political Leadership Styles in North Korea and the United States (Case Study: Trump and Kim Jong UN)
mohammadbagher khorramshad soheil rajabi ali mohammadzadeh Ebrahim MotaghiOne of the important components in shaping the foreign policy of countries is the view and attitude of the agents of that country to the world. The macro-strategy of countries begins with their leaders' understanding of the international environment, their national MoreOne of the important components in shaping the foreign policy of countries is the view and attitude of the agents of that country to the world. The macro-strategy of countries begins with their leaders' understanding of the international environment, their national goals and interests, and the threats posed to the country. On January 20, 2017, Donald Trump was elected the 45th President of the United States. His approach to resolving the North Korean nuclear crisis has had its ups and downs. In the first year, Trump adopted a tough strategy against Pyongyang. The purpose of this article is to use a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the political leadership style of the two countries, the United States and North Korea, and to make a comparative comparison between the political leaders of the two countries (Trump and Kim Jong Un). The results of an analysis of Trump's leadership style and actions show that he had the least adherence to American political structures and principles. Some argue that Trump lacked a clear and predictable foreign policy. The fact is that although Trump did not have a clear and precise approach to foreign policy, and even his foreign policy team was not completely homogeneous, he himself, based on his leadership style, has a broad and consistent view of the world, politics. The United States's foreign policy and its cost-benefit interests in this area were also the basis of its major decisions and policies toward North Korea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - A Comparative Study of Political Leadership Styles in North Korea and the United States (Case Study: Trump and Kim Jong UN)
mohammadbagher khorramshad soheil rajabi ali mohammadzadeh Ebrahim MotaghiOne of the important components in shaping the foreign policy of countries is the view and attitude of the agents of that country to the world. The macro-strategy of countries begins with their leaders' understanding of the international environment, their national goal MoreOne of the important components in shaping the foreign policy of countries is the view and attitude of the agents of that country to the world. The macro-strategy of countries begins with their leaders' understanding of the international environment, their national goals and interests, and the threats posed to the country. On January 20, 2017, Donald Trump was elected the 45th President of the United States. His approach to resolving the North Korean nuclear crisis has had its ups and downs. In the first year, Trump adopted a tough strategy against Pyongyang. The purpose of this article is to use a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the political leadership style of the two countries, the United States and North Korea, and to make a comparative comparison between the political leaders of the two countries (Trump and Kim Jong Un). The results of an analysis of Trump's leadership style and actions show that he had the least adherence to American political structures and principles. Some argue that Trump lacked a clear and predictable foreign policy. The fact is that although Trump did not have a clear and precise approach to foreign policy, and even his foreign policy team was not completely homogeneous, he himself, based on his leadership style, has a broad and consistent view of the world, politics. The United States’ foreign policy and its cost-benefit interests in this area were also the basis of its major decisions and policies toward North Korea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - Barack Obama's image of Iran based on image theory in international relations
Jalil Bayat seyed Mohammad Kazem Sajjadpour Mohammed Hossain Jamshidi Mohsen IslamiThe main purpose of this study is to design a new method for image recognition in international relations. According to image theory, images are said to play an important role in decision-making and policy-making; It is believed that leaders make decisions not on the ba MoreThe main purpose of this study is to design a new method for image recognition in international relations. According to image theory, images are said to play an important role in decision-making and policy-making; It is believed that leaders make decisions not on the basis of "reality" but on the basis of their "image of reality". In this regard, the discovery of the subject-identifier image of the known object can be used to explain and even predict the decisions made by the subject-identifier. In this regard, this study has tried in an innovative way to count the image of Barack Obama as President of the United States of Iran from Iran. So the main question is what is President Barack Obama's image of Iran and what are its characteristics? The results of this study show that Barack Obama's image of Iran is similar to the stereotypical image of "relative enemy". This result was obtained by examining the three dimensions of Iran's position, capability, and political values from Obama's point of view, which include threatening, relative power, and different political values, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - The Islamic Republic of Iran's Defensive Action against US Neoconservative Hegemony: From Post JCPOA to 2019
Younes Forouzan Abdolreza Alishahi Majid RafieiAs neo-conservatives entered the White House, many of Barack Obama's policies of democracy, dialogue, and de-escalation replaced policies that actually exacerbated challenges with American rivals. For example, the intensification of economic competition with the People' MoreAs neo-conservatives entered the White House, many of Barack Obama's policies of democracy, dialogue, and de-escalation replaced policies that actually exacerbated challenges with American rivals. For example, the intensification of economic competition with the People's Republic of China, the failure of a strong alliance with the European Union, and ultimately the intensification of challenges with the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this article, the authors seek to answer the question of what is the policy of the Islamic Republic's approaches to US neoconservative threats, especially after Trump's entry into the White House. This article by using analytical-descriptive theory and written and virtual sources try to answer this question. The authors hypothesize that US threats to the Islamic Republic of Iran will never take place in the military dimension, and the findings of the article also show that the Islamic Republic of Iran's defense action against US military threats is based on three major principles. First, The Increasing Power of the Missile and Deterrent System of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Second; the broad coalition of Shiite resistance in the region; Third, the fragile nature of the United States in the region; and Fourth, the bitter experience of US presence in the region, especially Iraq and Afghanistan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - The Future of Iraq and Its Related Scenarios (2010 - 2020)
Malektaj Khosravi Khosravi Ehsan Khosbani YazdaniSince the Second World War up to now and in contemporary political history, Iraq was one of the most challenging countries in south west Asia (Middle East). Unmistakable, determinant and important role of Iraq in political conditions in geopolitics of the region is one MoreSince the Second World War up to now and in contemporary political history, Iraq was one of the most challenging countries in south west Asia (Middle East). Unmistakable, determinant and important role of Iraq in political conditions in geopolitics of the region is one of the main reasons of these challenges. Like the past, Iraq has the key and determinant role in the current developments of the region. This role will lead to interest and actions conflict among different regional and international powers in this supersensitive region. The main objective of this research is the future of Iraq with respect to political and security conditions of this country. In the context of secondary objectives we can refer to influence of internal, regional and international actors in Iraq’s current developments, predicting territorial future of Iraq and feasibility study of Iraq’s disintegration. Researcher based on the future studies, with respect to the type of current trends and also through the game theory, surveyed the subject. Within analyzing the subject, the role of different actors and alter ant factors in geopolitical scene of Iraq and its impacts on the future and territorial integrity of Iraq is surveyed. Finally after planning probable scenarios about disintegration or non-disintegration of Iraq through the next decade, the future of this country is anticipated as follows: 1- Iraq disintegration scenario 2- Iraq civil war scenario3- democratic and square distribution of power scenario. At last, the position of actors in respect to mentioned scenarios, before and after ISIS outbreak in Iraq as well as determinant factors of actors’ role in Geopolitical scene of Iraq are surveyed. And finally the result of this research is that: disintegration of Iraq through the next decade is not possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - Study on Applicability of Amity Treaty of 1955 for Propounding the Case in the ICJ in Regard to the Western Sanctions against Iran
Seyed Hassan Mirfakhraei Sadegh PiriAbstract The Amity treaty between Iran and the United States of America was signed in 1955. Since the Treaty creates rights and obligations for both parties and referring the cancellation or termination of the treaty by any of the parties has not been executed or submi MoreAbstract The Amity treaty between Iran and the United States of America was signed in 1955. Since the Treaty creates rights and obligations for both parties and referring the cancellation or termination of the treaty by any of the parties has not been executed or submitted, as well as the claims of the two sides also referred to the International Court of Justice(ICJ), therefore, this treaty could be applicable for different legal cases at present and in the future inevitably. In this article we will try to investigate the provisions of the Treaty and the Vienna Convention as well as the International Court of Justice in the cases of Iran and America accordingly, mentioning the fact that this treaty has the ability to come into force in the cases involved between the two parties. Subsequently we shall try to state the American typology of sanctions against Iran, Showing that these sanctions are in violation of the provisions stated in the Treaty of Amity according to the treaty rights, and therefore can be discussed at the International Court of Justice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - A Pricing Model for Value of Gas Regulation Function of Natural Resources Ecosystems (Case Study: Sheikh Musa Rangeland, Mazandaran Province, Iran)
yadollah Bostan Ahmad Fatahiardakani Masoud Fehresti Sani Majid Sadeghinia -
Open Access Article
400 - Study of the Relationship between Inflation Rate and Deposit Facility Rate Gap in the Iranian Economy
sahar setaiesh farhad hanifi gholam reza zomorodianBank interest rates are one of the most important monetary tools in the economy that managed by monetary authorities can stimulate real economic downturn. In countries such as Iran, because of the inefficiency of the banking system, interest rates paid to low-income dep MoreBank interest rates are one of the most important monetary tools in the economy that managed by monetary authorities can stimulate real economic downturn. In countries such as Iran, because of the inefficiency of the banking system, interest rates paid to low-income depositors are high but some interest-holders have high interest rates. By reducing the interest rate gap of bank accounts, the cost of finished goods and services decreases, and secondly, investment and thus production increases, both of which lead to lower inflation and provide stable employment. To this end, the causal relationship was first determined using causality-Granger causality test and the relation between deposit facility rate and inflation rate was determined and the functional form of the relationship between these variables was finally finalized in the self-explanatory model with the intervals. Extended (ARDL) for the period 1977-1977 Estimation of the causality-granger test results showed that there is a one-way causality relationship between inflation rate and deposit facility gap. Results showed inflation rate variables, legal deposit ratio, exchange rate changes and land price index. In the short and long term, the positive effect on the deposit facility gap is positive, and M. They are rich Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - Effects of Macroeconomic Variables and Market Power on Banking Sector's Deposits (Weighted Least Square in Dynamic Panel Data Approach)
mahboubeh shakiba alireza daghighiasli marjan damankeshideh majid afsharirad Ali Esmaeelzadeh MaghariThe most important role of bank deposits in the country's economy is to provide the necessary grounds for investment. Market power specifies how firms in a market influence prices, and reveals the level of competition in the market. Hence, the main aim of this paper is MoreThe most important role of bank deposits in the country's economy is to provide the necessary grounds for investment. Market power specifies how firms in a market influence prices, and reveals the level of competition in the market. Hence, the main aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of market power and macroeconomic variables effects on banking deposits in Iranian deposit money market using dynamic Bresnahan-Lau’s and weighted average least square approach for the 18 bank in the Iran industrial banking sector. Annual data for the period of 2008-2017 has been collected from annual financial statements of Iranian banks, Statistical Centre of Iran, Monetary and Banking Research Institute of Iran and central bank of Iran. The main empirical results indicated that the nominal exchange rate and liquidity money have negative and other extracted macroeconomics variables have positive and significant effects on the deposits of banking sector during the period of study. Moreover, the Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel Granger Causality tests confirmed the unilateral causality from macroeconomics variables and market power to the bank's deposits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - The Fault challenging in tort
rasool malakootiThe challenge of the role of fault in liability from the perspective of fegh and Iranian lawAbstractThe most important discussion in liability, both forced and contractual, is about its basis and pillars. This debate is not very old, and in fegh there is no mention of t MoreThe challenge of the role of fault in liability from the perspective of fegh and Iranian lawAbstractThe most important discussion in liability, both forced and contractual, is about its basis and pillars. This debate is not very old, and in fegh there is no mention of the foundations and pillars of liability, but the jurists have clarified the ruling of each issue only by referring to general rules such as harm, loss, attribution and usurpation. Revision of the pillars and foundations of civil responsibility is a purely legal issue that originates from European law and specifically from France. Most of our jurists consider fault as an important (if not exclusive) basis in the fulfillment of the liability and consider fault as one of the three pillars in explaining the elements of responsibility. The discussion of this article is the challenge of the role of fault as the basis or pillar of liability realization in fegh and civil law. It has been proven that from the point of view of fegh and civil law, in forced and contractual liability, fault is neither a basis nor a pillar of liability fulfillment. Rather, the function of the fault is to facilitate the establishment of causation or to create the necessary fulfillment of the liability.Key words: contractual civil liability, fault, causation.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - Rethinking in concept of the causality relationship in the Islamic Penal Code adopted in 1392
Amir Noie Javad Vahedizadeh Ali AfrasiabiCrime responsibility is taken on an agent that there should be a relationship between the agent behavior and its result when several agents are involved in occurrance a crime. This relationship that relates responsibility to a responsible person is called "the causation MoreCrime responsibility is taken on an agent that there should be a relationship between the agent behavior and its result when several agents are involved in occurrance a crime. This relationship that relates responsibility to a responsible person is called "the causation relationship" and so its elements and components must be explained to ascertain it. The legislature has taken a basic approach to identify the causation relationship, in the recent legislation in the criminal law and by approval of the Islamic Penal Code in 1392. The present study, as descriptive analytical and library one, presents a new concept to describe the causation relationship on the one hand and proof of its guarantee on the other hand, also shows need to pay attention to the citation in the actus reus and mens rea concepts which their combination is effective to determine the criminal responsibility of the agent or agents influencing to occur the criminal outcome. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
404 - Volatility Spillover in the financial markets of Iran (Method of VAR-GARCH models)
soqra razi kazemi gholamreza zomorodian Ebrahim ChiraniThe transfer of financial crises between different markets in a economy indicates the existence of channels of contagion. Parallel markets are closely linked to other markets in any economy. The channels of shocks and financial crises to other markets can include inform MoreThe transfer of financial crises between different markets in a economy indicates the existence of channels of contagion. Parallel markets are closely linked to other markets in any economy. The channels of shocks and financial crises to other markets can include information, macroeconomic variables, investment behaviors, etc. in this study, the existence of volatility overflow between coin market, oil, currency and stock markets was investigated using monthly data during 2009 to 2017. the results indicate the existence of the fluctuations, as well as structural failures due to the existence of this overflow. Granger causality tests also confirmed the existence of causal links between financial markets. Between coin and currency markets, exchange and oil are two - way causality and between the oil and gold markets, exchange and the stock are one-way causality. in this study, the Granger causality tests, structural failure tests, the correlation of variance and other necessary tests were used Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
405 - Designing a Model for Explaining the Effect of Macroeconomic Policies on Money and Capital Markets
Souzan Hossienzadeh Gholamreza Zomorodian Ebrahim ChiraniMacroeconomic policies are an important tool for governments to achieve financial commitments andtheir social and economic goals. Macroeconomic policies have different types and their implementationcan effects different markets in various ways which can cause change and MoreMacroeconomic policies are an important tool for governments to achieve financial commitments andtheir social and economic goals. Macroeconomic policies have different types and their implementationcan effects different markets in various ways which can cause change and turbulence in them. With thisapproach, in the present study by using the Bayesian Causal Map (BCM) and seemingly unrelatedregression equations (SURE) model, a model is designed to explain the effect of macroeconomic policieson money and capital markets. It should be noted that the time period of the present study was 1989 to2019. The results of the present study showed that money and capital markets are affected by variablesand policies applied in different markets in both direct and indirect ways. If the amount of savings in thesociety changes as a result of government policies or other economic and non-economic components,the facilities granted by the banking system will change as well. This directly affects the money market.Given that changes in the money market affect the capital market, the capital market is also affected bychanges made in the money market. At the same time, changes in the money market also affect othermacroeconomic variables such as................ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
406 - The Effect of Exchange Rate Fluctuations on the Car Stock Index under Sanction Using Markove Switching Approach
Saman Houshmandi Seyed Shamsuddin Hosseyni Abbas Memarnejad Farhad GhaffariThe present study tries to investigate the impact of the exchange rate fluctuations on the car stock index in Tehran Stock Exchange using the monthly data of the period of 1387:10-1398:12 and using the nonlinear Markov switching approach. For this purpose, among the var MoreThe present study tries to investigate the impact of the exchange rate fluctuations on the car stock index in Tehran Stock Exchange using the monthly data of the period of 1387:10-1398:12 and using the nonlinear Markov switching approach. For this purpose, among the various modes of Markov switching model, MSIAH(3) -VAR(2) has been selected. The empirical findings of the study show that only in a regime with high fluctuations, the exchange rate is the causal relationship of the car stock index and the increase in the exchange rate has increased the car stock index while the car stock index has no impact on the exchange rate. In addition, the results indicate that the sustainability of the car stock index in the regime with the very low fluctuations (first regime) was more than that of the regime with the low fluctuations (second regime) and that of the regime with the high fluctuations (third regime). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
407 - Investigating the Dynamic relations between the Trend of Tehran Stock Exchange’s index and the Cumulative Funds' Cash Flow".
mirfeiz fallah Amirhosseyn shamaeezadehThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the net cash flows of the Tehran Stock Exchange funds and the Tehran Stock Exchange index during the period of 2013 to December 2019, using the information of the 10 largest active mutual funds establi MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the net cash flows of the Tehran Stock Exchange funds and the Tehran Stock Exchange index during the period of 2013 to December 2019, using the information of the 10 largest active mutual funds established and active in the Tehran Stock Exchange during this period. .In this study, an index of net cash flows into mutual funds daily and cumulatively is considered as a measure of cash flow compared to the TSE Index (TEDPIX). The results of this test indicate that the two indices are coherent in series and their relationships are significant in the long run. Also, the Granger causality test was used to examine the interrelationships between these two indices.The results of this test showed that there is an interaction between the two indices. This means that in the long run, both indices affect each other so net cash inflows to the funds can be a measure for predicting the overall indices trend but with Attention to the behavioral errors identified in similar articles.for predicting the index cannot be relied solely on net cash inflows into the funds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - Volatility Spillover between Oil Price, Exchange Rates, Gold Price and Stock Market Indexes with Structural Breaks
elaheh sefidbakht Mohammad Hossein RanjbarVolatility spillovers among financial indices, indicates the process is the transfer of information between markets. Given that financial markets are connected, Ayjad information in one market can affect other markets. In the meantime, modeling the volatility of returns MoreVolatility spillovers among financial indices, indicates the process is the transfer of information between markets. Given that financial markets are connected, Ayjad information in one market can affect other markets. In the meantime, modeling the volatility of returns in different markets and communicate with each other from the perspective of these markets Supplier Institute academics and financial area, to be used in the prediction, the matter of It results in. In this study, the tiny fluctuations in oil markets, currencies, gold and stock model BEKK bivariate GARCH, without the use of structural failure and also with regard to the use of the algorithm ICSS and model VAR, tested and the relationship between them through Granger causality test was carried out. The results show that if the calculation of structural failure in the equation disregard, changes in exchange rates on the price of oil does not have the price of gold and stock index has a significant effect, in this case oil price changes on any of the variables studied has no effect. On the other hand, gold price changes can affect stock index and stock changes can also affect the exchange rate. But when the failure of structural equations is used will be different results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
409 - Examining the overflow of financial stress index fluctuations on inflation, interest rate, liquidity and industry index using GARCH-BEKK and VAR models and Granger causality
Rohollah Rezazadeh Mirfeiz FalahDuring financial stress, the impact of financial stress shocks on economic activity may differ from what is usually observed at normal times. Therefore, it is appropriate to consider the effects of financial stress on economic activity and inflation during the period of MoreDuring financial stress, the impact of financial stress shocks on economic activity may differ from what is usually observed at normal times. Therefore, it is appropriate to consider the effects of financial stress on economic activity and inflation during the period of financial instability. In this paper, hence, the effect of the deterioration of financial conditions of the Iranian economy on macroeconomic variables between 2012 and 2017 has been investigated. For this purpose, in this research, we intend to study the impact of the fluctuations of the financial stress index on inflation, interest rates, liquidity, and industry index by developing the financial stress index using representatives from different markets. Therefore, using the GARCH two-variable BEKK model and also the VAR model, the effects of shocks and fluctuations between them were tested and then the relationship between them was investigated by Granger's causality test. The results indicate that there is a two-way relationship between the financial stress index and inflation, interest rate, and liquidity, but in examining the causality between the financial stress index and the industry index, the results of the causality test indicate that the industry index itself, in the long run, triggers changes in the financial stress index, but the financial stress index has no effect on the industry index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
410 - Developing Asset Correlation Risk Model (ACR) with Asset- Liability Management (ALM) Approach with using of VECM model
Mahdi Hemmati Asiabaraki Mohammadhasan Gholizadeh Seyed Mozafar MirbargkarBanks, as levers in macroeconomic policies, by regulating and adjusting the bank's interest rates, enforce monetary policies and controls inflation and unemployment, which is one of the most important macroeconomic goals. One of these tools is asset-debt management. The MoreBanks, as levers in macroeconomic policies, by regulating and adjusting the bank's interest rates, enforce monetary policies and controls inflation and unemployment, which is one of the most important macroeconomic goals. One of these tools is asset-debt management. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop the Asset Correlation Risk Model (ACR) with the Asset- Liability Management approach (ALM). This research is descriptive in nature and in terms of its purpose. The statistical population of the research is the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange and the sample of the banks accepted in this collection, which can be extracted from the research data. The research period is from 1391 to 1396, with 20 banks selected as research samples. This research has a theoretical model and a vector error correction model was used to test the hypotheses. According to the t-statistic and the coefficient of estimation of the VECM model, it is determined that the effect of using the debt-asset management approach on the asset-liability correlation risk in a long-term equilibrium is decreasing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - Causal Conditions for Evaluating Higher Education Policies in Non-Medical Fields (data-based theory)
behnam talebi hakimeh Ansari Asadolah khadiviThe aim of this study was to investigate the causal conditions for evaluating higher education policies in non-medical disciplines. The research method is qualitative research (data foundation theory) - quantitative (survey). A total of 17 experts, including members of MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the causal conditions for evaluating higher education policies in non-medical disciplines. The research method is qualitative research (data foundation theory) - quantitative (survey). A total of 17 experts, including members of parliament, administrators and university professors, were selected for face-to-face interviews using a non-random, purposeful method. Questionnaires were designed from coded and validated interviews using triangulation. In the quantitative section, among the professors and educational directors of non-medical disciplines of East Azerbaijan province, 200 people were selected based on the standard of determining the sample size in factor analysis (observing at least 200 samples). In order to analyze the data obtained from the interviews, a three-step process of open, centralized and selective coding was used. Dimensions and components were determined and the model was examined. SPSS and Lisrel statistical software were used to describe the data. The results of the first and second confirmation factor analysis showed that the causal conditions for evaluating higher education policies in non-medical fields include the country's need for trained personnel, lack of strong educational planning, lack of skills training at the higher education level, and the need to coordinate higher education policies with the labor market. The final result is that the causal conditions for evaluating higher education policies in non-medical disciplines require precise policy-making and planning in the field of proficiency and Adaptation to the regional labor market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
412 - Evaluation of Heat Stress Indices in Bread Wheat Genotypes
H. Sooghi N. Babaeian Gh. Ranjbar M.H. PahlevaniHeat stress is the most important factor that reducing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productionin in arid and semi-arid regions.Therefore, selecting heat tolerance cultivar is more neccessary. To evaluate indicators of heat tolerance in wheat, twenty four bread wheat gen MoreHeat stress is the most important factor that reducing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productionin in arid and semi-arid regions.Therefore, selecting heat tolerance cultivar is more neccessary. To evaluate indicators of heat tolerance in wheat, twenty four bread wheat genotypes were planted at two locations; Gorgan and Gonbad Agricultural Research Stations in two planting date (6th December and 6th March ) based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replicaties in 2012-13. To evaluate heat stress on grain yield traits, some indices such as stress sensitivity index (SSI), tolerance (TOL), geometric mean production (GMP), mean production (MP), stress tolerance index (STI), yield stability index (YSI), yield index (YI) and preference index (PI) were used. Results showed that grain yield in late planting date reduced by 39.8% and 34.5% in Gorgan and Gonbad, respectively. Mean grain yield in Gorgan for normal and late planting date were 499.2 and 198.8 gm-2,respectively. These values for Gonbad were 391.4 and 135.0 gm-2, respectively. Regarding to the fact that MP and STI indices are able to identify high yielding genotypes under both normal and stress conditions. in genral, grain yield decreased by 10% for every 1°C increase mean of temperature from 20°C to 26.4°C. According to result of current study, genotype 21 can be recommended as a desired genotype in normal and stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
413 - The Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen on Yield and Yield Components of two Sweet Corn Varieties in Yasouj Region
E. Afshar M. Afshar E. Afshar M.J. FereidooniIn order to study the influence of different levels of nitrogen and early and medium maturity cultivars on yield and yield components of sweet corn, an experiment was conducted in Yasouj region during summer 2011. The experiment was arranged in split plots based on rand MoreIn order to study the influence of different levels of nitrogen and early and medium maturity cultivars on yield and yield components of sweet corn, an experiment was conducted in Yasouj region during summer 2011. The experiment was arranged in split plots based on randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. Main plot included four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 150 Kg N ha-1) and sub plots included two early and medium maturity cultivars. Results showed that interaction of nitrogen and cultivar was significant on fresh ear yield. Application of 150 kg N ha-1 at medium maturity cultivar produced the highest fresh ear (1892 gr m-2) that was significant difference with other treatment. The treatment of 100 kg N ha-1 had the highest effect on grain yield (521.27 gr m-2) and medium maturity cultivar with of grain yield equals 498.57 gr m-2 was showed a higher yield than early cultivar. The highest thousand grain weight (141.99 gr) was obtained at 150 kg N ha-1 treatment. Also the highest fresh forage yield (2436.8 gr m-2) related to application of 150 kg N ha-1. Generally it seems that application of medium maturity cultivar and 150 kg N ha-1 due to maximum yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
414 - Influence of planting method and density on yield, yield components and oil percentage of rapeseed in different tillage systems
حبیباله رنجبر محمدرضا شجاع حسن سامعی Hadi Pirasteh-Anosheh محمودرضا سالارIn current study, the effect of planting method and density was examined on yield, yield components as well as seed oil percentage of rapeseed (Hyola401) at three tillage systems in rice-field at Amol, Mazandaran during 2011-12. The treatments consisted of tillage syste MoreIn current study, the effect of planting method and density was examined on yield, yield components as well as seed oil percentage of rapeseed (Hyola401) at three tillage systems in rice-field at Amol, Mazandaran during 2011-12. The treatments consisted of tillage systems at three levels: no-tillage, minimum tillage and conventional tillage as main factor, planting method at two levels: hand-sowing and row planter as sub factor and seeding density at three levels: 6, 9 and 12 kg ha-1 as sub-sub factor. The results showed that in all treatments the highest seed yield was obtained by applying minimum tillage method; so that grain yield at minimum tillage was greater by 20.8% and 96.4% compared to conventional and no tillage systems, respectively. The seeding methods (hand-sowing and row planter) had no significant effect on seed yield. The mean squares of oil seed percentage and 1000 seed weight in any of applied treatment were no significant suggesting the stability of these traits in relation to applied treatments. Overall, use of 9 kg ha-1 seed, especially by row planter under conservation systems was necessary for achieving the best result. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - Evaluation of the effect of different levels of plant density and N fertilizer on yield and yield components of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.)
یدالله قادری محمد مقدمThis experiment was conducted to assay the effect of plant density and nitrogen fertilization on growth and yield of cumin during growing season 2012 at field experimental of Nasra conservatory in Golge Rokh Torbat Heydarei. The experiment was done as factorial based on MoreThis experiment was conducted to assay the effect of plant density and nitrogen fertilization on growth and yield of cumin during growing season 2012 at field experimental of Nasra conservatory in Golge Rokh Torbat Heydarei. The experiment was done as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications; which factors included four levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) and three levels of plant density (50, 67 and 100 plant/m2). The results variance analysis showed that the effect of nitrogen fertilization and planting density had significant effect on yield and yield components of cumin. The highest plant height and seed per plant were obtained from 67 plant/m2 with 50 kg/ha N treatment. While the highest number of primary shoot, number of umbel and 1000 seed weight were obtained from 50 plant/m2 with 50 kg/ha N treatment and the highest seed yield was obtained from 50 plant/m2 with 0 kg/ha N fertilizer. In conclusion, plant density of 50 plant/m2 and application of lower amount (50 kg/ha) or without N fertilizer is sutiable for the maximum of growth and seed yield of cumin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - Response hybrid cultivar of corn to limitations irrigation during reproductive stage in Mugan area
Ebrahim Hady Sodabe Jahanbakhsh Morteza KamraniTo study the effect of drought stress on some physiological characteristics of corn, an split-plot experimental based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the School of Agriculture and Natural Resources Mugan were administered. Three irrigation MoreTo study the effect of drought stress on some physiological characteristics of corn, an split-plot experimental based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the School of Agriculture and Natural Resources Mugan were administered. Three irrigation regimes full irrigation, deficit irrigation at flowering and grain filling stage irrigation, the main plot and seven commercial hybrids of corn (Single cross 260, 301, 302, 400, 500, 704 and 370 double-cross) were the subplots. Analysis of variance showed that the effects of stress, tension hybrid and hybrid interaction was significant for most traits. Under normal conditions, stress during flowering and grain filling, hybrid single cross 704, respectively, 14.53, 9.38 and 10.53 tons per hectare accounted for the highest yield. Results of correlation analysis showed, the number of grains per corn, number of rows per corn, thousand grain weight, plant height, maize height deployment, total leaf area and flag and biological function positively correlated with grain yield and hectoliter weight and number of tassel branches have were negatively correlated. The highest correlation to the number of rows per maize was allocated by a factor of 0.908. Results Regression analysis also showed that the number of rows per maize and thousand kernel weight and number of branches has a significant effect tassel and grain yield were entered into the equation changesgradient of grain row has the highest effect. In general, hybrid 704 was observed compared to other hybrids are corn tolerant to drought stress during flowering led to a further reduction in yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
417 - Synthesis of tri and four substituted imidazoles derivatives using zinc oxid nanotubes modified by SiO2 as a powerful and reusable catalyst
Bijan Mombeni Godajdar Ebrahim Niknam -
Open Access Article
418 - Causal Relationship Between Health, Education And Economic Growth In A Selected Developing Countries
moloud jafari maryam jafari M. EmadzadehAchieving sustainable economic growth requires a lot of investment in infrastructure to increase production capacity and revenue. These investments include not only physical investment, but also human investment, research and innovation, education, health and labor migr MoreAchieving sustainable economic growth requires a lot of investment in infrastructure to increase production capacity and revenue. These investments include not only physical investment, but also human investment, research and innovation, education, health and labor migration. Thus, one of the most important factors affecting economic growth, in addition to labor and physical capital, is human capital.This article examines the causal relationship between education, health, and economic growth in 12 developing countries during 1983 - 2020. For this purpose, using Granger's causality method for panel data, the causality relationship between these three variables is examined in the short -run. In order to estimate the long-run relationship, Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method is also used. The results indicate that in the long-run, there is a two-way causal relationship between the economic growth index and the health index, as well as a two-way causal relationship between the health index and the education index. However, there was no causal relationship between education and economic growth in the long- run, although in the short -run there was only one causal relationship between economic growth and the education index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - Effects of irrigation interval and nitrogen degree on dry mater yield and water usage efficiency of corn in Mazandaran province
R. Rezaei Sokht Abandani A. Charati Araei D. Akbari Nodehi H. Mobasser M. Ramezani In order to study irrigation interval effects and various using Nitrogen on yield of corn (K.Sc 704) was accomplished during 2008-2009. The experiment was carried on as split plot based on RCBD with 3 replications in Bayekola research farm of ag More In order to study irrigation interval effects and various using Nitrogen on yield of corn (K.Sc 704) was accomplished during 2008-2009. The experiment was carried on as split plot based on RCBD with 3 replications in Bayekola research farm of agricultural research campus in Neka in Mazandaran province. Traits were selected as irrigation interval are in four levels (I1, I2, I3 and I4 respectively as 75, 100, 125 and 150 mm accumulation evaporation of evaporation pan A class) as maim plot and three levels of Nitrogen (0, 92 and 184 kg Nitrogen that respectively substitute zero ,200 and 400 kg urea in hectare) as sub plots. Results showed that minimum of dry mater weight and yield was related to 150 mm evaporation of evaporation pan A class. The maximum forage yield and water usage efficiency obtained in I3. Bush height, dry weight in square meter, corn length, wet forage weight in hectare, efficiency of water usage, efficiency of dry material water usage, percent of water than dry weight and efficiency of water usage was largest 184 kgN/ha and lowest degree was gained under treatment without usage of called characteristics Nitrogen. Maximal of water percent than dry weight, efficiency of dry material water and maximal of water usage biological efficiency according to production of evaporation pan Aclass was gained with usage of 184 kgN/ha, maximal efficiency of water usage with 150 mm evaporation of evaporation pan a class was gained with usage 184 kgN/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
420 - Antimicrobial Potentials of Iron Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles Green-Synthesized in Fusarium solani
Masoomeh Sasani Ebrahim Fataei Reza Safari Fatemeh Nasehi Marzieh Mosayyebi -
Open Access Article
421 - Identification of Adulterated Sausage Products by Pork using FTIR and GC-MS Combined with Chemometrics
Mustofa Ahda Any Guntarti Aprilia Kusbandari Hindami Andoyo Nugroho -
Open Access Article
422 - Nutritional Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Sausages Developed with Non-Meat Ingredients (Tofu)
Leila Mousavi Nur Nadia Binti Razali Wan Rosli Wan Ishak -
Open Access Article
423 - The Effect ofAqueous Extract of Borage (Anchusa italica) on Abortion in Syrian Mice FemaleWistar
آرزو زنگنه شهلا روزبهانی رامش منجمیBorage(Anchusa italica) belongs to the Boragynaceae Family. These plants contain fatty acids, seed oils, and chemical compounds.Any uterine bleeding associated with closed uterine cervix and bloody discharge in the first half of pregnancy is called a threatened to abort MoreBorage(Anchusa italica) belongs to the Boragynaceae Family. These plants contain fatty acids, seed oils, and chemical compounds.Any uterine bleeding associated with closed uterine cervix and bloody discharge in the first half of pregnancy is called a threatened to abortion, and in 50% of cases results in abortion.In this study, 30 female Wistar rats after mating and pregnancy that identified by vaginal plagues, were randomly divided into 5 groups:Acontrol group received normal saline intraperitoneally and 4 treatment groups receiving aqueous extract of borage with concentrations of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg.Injection for 5 days after day 7 of pregnancy was donedaily, and cesarean section was performed on day 16 of pregnancy.The number of absorbed embryos was considered as the abortionThe resultswere analyzedusingSPSS software.The resultsof the study showed that injections of extracts of borage effected on a number of absorbed embryos and the difference is statistically significant (p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
424 - Pathological Study of the Kidney and Histopathologic Alteration Index in Yellow Fin Sea Bream (Achantopagrus latus) as a Bioindicator of the Contaminant Effects in the Persian Gulf
Z. Soleimani N. Salamat A. Safahieh A. Savari M.T. RonaghMarine pollution is one of the main concerns of countries surrounding the Persian Gulf, which receives a great deal of contaminations. In this study, the histological alterations of kidney in Achanthopagrus latus collected from Musa creek were used to evaluate the effec MoreMarine pollution is one of the main concerns of countries surrounding the Persian Gulf, which receives a great deal of contaminations. In this study, the histological alterations of kidney in Achanthopagrus latus collected from Musa creek were used to evaluate the effects of pollution on the aquatic organisms. In the present study, 50 A. latus were collected from five sampling stations in Musa creek including 1. Petrochemical, 2. Jaafari, 3. Majidieh, 4. Ghazaleh, and 5. Zangi. The kidneys of the fishes were separated and fixed in Bouin‘s solution for 12 h. The samples were then studied based on the routine histological methods. The histopathological changes in the kidneys of A. latus included glomerular dilatation, reduction of urinary space, melanomacrophages aggregations, occlusion of tubular lumen, tubular degeneration and necrosis. Histopathological Alteration Index (HAI) was determined based on the frequency of pathological changes in kidney of the fishes. The highest level of HAI for kidney of A. latus was observed at the Petrochemical station. The lowest level of HAI was related to Zangi station. The results of present study showed that the histopathological alternations of kidney in Achantopagrus latus are caused by the Musa creek contamination and there is close relation between the amount of these alterations and the environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
425 - Comparative Study of the Components of Magical Realism in the Novels of The Tooba and the Meaning of Night and The Garden of a Thousand Twist Pathways
Behruz Azhari Hamid Reza farzi Ali DehqanAbstract The foundation of " Magical Realism " is built on reality, but the writer of such literary genre, includes so much ultra realistic phenomena in the real texture of the story which it becomes easily believable to the r MoreAbstract The foundation of " Magical Realism " is built on reality, but the writer of such literary genre, includes so much ultra realistic phenomena in the real texture of the story which it becomes easily believable to the reader. We have studied the important elements of magical realism in The Tooba and the meaning of the night from Shahrnoosh Parsipour and a collection of short stories of The Garden of a thousand twists from Jorges Luis Borged. In by analytical and comparative method. The results of the story show that among the components studied, overstatement and exaggeration and alliance and dualism have allocated the most part of share to themselves. And also, by comparing the two articles one finds that quietness and silence have been used more in The Tooba and the Meaning of the Night than The Garden of a Thousand Twist Pathways. At the same time, the texture of dualism and reconciliation and also sarcasm and allusion are more colorful in the garden of pathways from the Parsipour novel; and it seems that the lack of the essence of sarcasm in some parts of it has endangered the believability of the events. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
426 - The quality assessment of Kan River's resources in terms of agricultural and drinking purposes
Nooshin Sajjadi Mohammad Davoodi S.Ali Jozi -
Open Access Article
427 - Study of genetic variation in safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in terms of some morphological and agronomic traits
Ali Khomari Saeed Omrani Ali Omrani Khodadad MostafaviIn this study, 32 safflower genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. Plant yield, 1000-seed weight, number of branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, flowering time, MoreIn this study, 32 safflower genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. Plant yield, 1000-seed weight, number of branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, flowering time, seedling time, plant height and flowering time were measured and recorded. Results and Discussion: The results of variance analysis confirmed the diversity of all studied traits among all genotypes studied. The simple correlation coefficients among the traits showed that the weight of the boll and the number of bolls per plant had a positive and significant correlation with plant yield with correlation coefficients of 0.85 and 0.61 respectively at 1% probability level. Based on the results of stepwise regression analysis, the weight of the boll weight and the number of bolls per plant were 75.60% of the variation in plant yield. The results of causal analysis indicated that the most direct and positive effects were related to the weight of the boll weight (1.104). The number of boll/bush had the most indirect effect (0.916) on plant yield through boll weights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - Evaluation of yield and its related traits in Wheat cultivars treated with fluorescent Pseudomonads under salt stress
Dariush safari fatemeh jmali hamid reza nooryazdan farashteh bayatIn order to Evaluation of yield and its related traits in Wheat cultivars treated with fluorescent Pseudomonads under salt stress , experiment desing was a split plot design with three repetitions in the year of 1394-95 in the research greenhouse at the Faculty of agric MoreIn order to Evaluation of yield and its related traits in Wheat cultivars treated with fluorescent Pseudomonads under salt stress , experiment desing was a split plot design with three repetitions in the year of 1394-95 in the research greenhouse at the Faculty of agriculture and natural resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr was implemented. Salinity stress was considered as a major factor in four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mm NaCl), wheat cultivars (Kuhdasht, dehdasht, Karim and Bam) as a first sub-plots and four strains of fluorescens pseudomonads (WKZ1-93، 2-79، WB1-7 and WBO-3) along with a control treatment (no bacteria) were considered as the second subplots.. The results analysis of variance of the experimental data determined there was a significant difference between salinity levels in all studied traits except spike weight and spike number and the interaction of salinity × variety in all measured traits except for peduncle length and other simple and cross effects were significantly different in each trait. Results of correlation coefficient showed the highest correlation between grain yield and peduncle length (r = 0.58**).In stepwise regression, peduncle length, spike length, grain weight, plant height and number of grains per spike were entered the model and confirmed the 51% of the total yield variations. Path analysis for grain yield revealed a direct and positive impact of peduncle length, spike length and 1000-grain weight and indirect effect of 1000-grain weight through peduncle length and peduncle length through spike length on yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - Molecular analysis and reduction of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol to 3-acetyl form in 20 durum wheat cultivars of Khuzestan through PCR technique and determination of AYT1 resistance gene
Seyed Saeed Noorinia neda baghestaniAbstract:This study was conducted to evaluate the response of 20 durum wheat cultivars native to Khuzestan, available in the collection of the grain research department of the Seed and Plant Breeding Research Institute, to Fusarium blight during the two cropping years 2 MoreAbstract:This study was conducted to evaluate the response of 20 durum wheat cultivars native to Khuzestan, available in the collection of the grain research department of the Seed and Plant Breeding Research Institute, to Fusarium blight during the two cropping years 2016-2017 and 2018-2019 in field conditions in two regions. Different, Khuzestan, with two climatic conditions, was implemented. The studied traits included infected clusters, spikelet infestation, seed infestation, cluster density, plant height and biological yield. Cluster analysis was used to measure and determine genetic distances and pattern diversity in wheat Fusarium resistance components of wheat. Evaluation of experimental masses using sporulation method in the field showed that most of the studied masses have a good resistance to the disease in terms of the mean disease index. The cause of resistance seems to have a genetic basis and is related to the presence of type I resistance in them. Twenty durum wheat cultivars can be used as disease-resistant parents in crosses related to wheat breeding programs. The results showed that AYT1 gene is expressed as resistant gene in wheat cultivars. Using PCR technique and SSR molecular markers in this study in order to amplify a single copy or small copies of a DNA fragment with a specific sequence of thousands or millions of copies, to achieve the genetic nature of cultivars, this method can be used as a method. Introduced for the multiplication of resistant genes in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - Identifying the Effective Factors (Casual, Intervening, Contextual) on Development of Handball Sport of IRAN Based on the Grounded Theory Approach
vali alizadeh javad shahlail Habib Honari gholamreza shabanibaharThe purpose of this study was to determine the effective factors (causal, intervening and contextual) on development of handball sport of IRAN using the grounded theory. This research was exploratory research and a qualitative in nature. The data gathered through docume MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effective factors (causal, intervening and contextual) on development of handball sport of IRAN using the grounded theory. This research was exploratory research and a qualitative in nature. The data gathered through documents and interview for 14 handball experts in deep-interview and semi-structured forms. The sample selected through subjective sampling and snowball approach and interviewing continued to get theoretical saturation. Then, data analyzed by grounded theory in coding process included three steps: open, axial and selective coding. The findings indicated that there were 259 effective items (open code) in the causal factors section, that were formed into 19 sub-categories and four main categories; individual factors, development resources, managerial-organizational factors and sports participation. In the contextual factors section, 53 items were classified in seven categories; handball factors, legal factors, economic factors, geographical factors, social factors, cultural factors and political factors. Also in the intervening section, 34 items were classified in two subcategories: facilitators and limiters. Generally, the effective factors obtained from this study can helpgovernment officials in making decisions and adopting appropriate strategies for the development of handball in the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - Compare the Yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) in different planting patterns
Najmeh Songol Zadeh alireza shokuhfarThis experiment was conducted based on split plot layout with completely randomized block design with 3 replications In the summer 2015 in an experimental farm, in Shushtar. Where planting pattern as main plots in three levels: 1- normal planting pattern (one row center MoreThis experiment was conducted based on split plot layout with completely randomized block design with 3 replications In the summer 2015 in an experimental farm, in Shushtar. Where planting pattern as main plots in three levels: 1- normal planting pattern (one row center stack), 2- two-row planting in the region Daghab and facing each (mutual) on a stack, 3- Planting as zigzag double row distance of 30 cm on stacks at a distance 75 cm and sub-plots Includes four types of maize cultivar: 1- S.c 704, 2- S.c 706, 3- Bolsen. and 4- A.s 73. The results showed The difference between the different levels of planting patterns on The number of rows per maize and grain yield significant at %1 level of probability and on stem height, thousand grain weight and seed number per row was significant at %5 level of probability. The difference between the cultivar in number of seeds in row and grain yield significant at %1 level of probability and on stem height, number of rows per maize and thousand grain weight was significant at %5 level of probability. The highest grain yield in zigzag planting pattern with KSC 706 cultivar with 8247/59 kg/ha was. According to the results, application of double row zigzag planting pattern with cultivar new KSC 706 can With improve the physiological growth indices, The highest yield and yield components in the region gained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - Compare the Yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.) in different planting patterns
Najmeh Sangolzadeh Alireza ShokouhfarThis experiment was conducted based on split plot layout with completely randomized block design with 3 replications In the summer 2015 in an experimental farm, in Shushtar. Where planting pattern as main plots in three levels: 1- normal planting pattern (one row center MoreThis experiment was conducted based on split plot layout with completely randomized block design with 3 replications In the summer 2015 in an experimental farm, in Shushtar. Where planting pattern as main plots in three levels: 1- normal planting pattern (one row center stack), 2- two-row planting in the region Daghab and facing each (mutual) on a stack, 3- Planting as zigzag double row distance of 30 cm on stacks at a distance 75 cm and sub-plots Includes four types of maize cultivar: 1- S.c 704, 2- S.c 706, 3- Bolsen. and 4- A.s 73. The results showed The difference between the different levels of planting patterns on The number of rows per maize and grain yield significant at %1 level of probability and on stem height, thousand grain weight and seed number per row was significant at %5 level of probability. The difference between the cultivar in number of seeds in row and grain yield significant at %1 level of probability and on stem height, number of rows per maize and thousand grain weight was significant at %5 level of probability. The highest grain yield in zigzag planting pattern with KSC 706 cultivar with 8247/59 kg/ha was. According to the results, application of double row zigzag planting pattern with cultivar new KSC 706 can With improve the physiological growth indices, The highest yield and yield components in the region gained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - Change and continuity in America's Middle East policy in 2001-2017
Zahra Bagheri Hosein Daheshyar Seyed Mohammad Tabatabaei Mohammad Yousefi JooybariAbstract The focus of this article is on the change and continuity in US policy in the Middle East during the Bush, Obama and Period of Trump presidency until 2017. His approach is too far from realism and is nationalist from foreign policy dimension. Trump’s view MoreAbstract The focus of this article is on the change and continuity in US policy in the Middle East during the Bush, Obama and Period of Trump presidency until 2017. His approach is too far from realism and is nationalist from foreign policy dimension. Trump’s views show that he has a different approach in international arena compared with two former presidents, Georg W. Bosh and Barak Obama. While Georg W. Bush focused on US superpower aspect with emphasis on some elements such as Unilateralism, Pre-emptive attack and even changing the government in Middle East, Obama considered Multilateralism, enjoying smart power and usage of diplomacy as an important tool to maintain American leadership in the Middle East; but Trump practically has focused on disregarding of US responsibility by negation of main past approaches and among them says:” I am just the American president and no the leader of the world. There is a dominant and primary idea from the “first US” slogan that is return to its own borders and a kind of isolationism possibly. Therefore, the idea of the superiority of America can reflect in political and strategic pattern space of Donald Tramp. In this regard, it is considered the change and continuity of US policy in the Middle East based on Realistic approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - Prospects for Iran-US political, economic and security relations in the Middle East by 2026
asghar rajabi dehborzoei Mohammad BidgoliUndoubtedly, the Middle East is one of the most important regions that has attracted the attention of many international actors. The United States has been one of the most important trans-regional actors involved in the political, security and economic equations of the MoreUndoubtedly, the Middle East is one of the most important regions that has attracted the attention of many international actors. The United States has been one of the most important trans-regional actors involved in the political, security and economic equations of the region. The purpose of this study is to answer the fundamental question of what is the direction of the political, economic and security relations between Iran and the United States by 2026? In this article, we study this issue with a descriptive-analytical method, relying on written library resources and online articles. The results of the present study, taking into account the view of Alexander Went, confirm the dominance of the Hobbesian view or hostility over the Kantian view or friendship. Among the issues that have affected Iran-US relations and made the Hobbesian view of hostility or hostility prevail are the existence of fundamental ideological conflicts between the ideals of the Islamic Revolution and the American liberal system, the position of Israel and the Zionist lobby against Iran, the influence of the Gulf countries. Fars and led by Saudi Arabia, economic sanctions, threats of regime change, support for opposition groups, the martyrdom of Sardar Soleimani, Iran's isolation in the international arena and the US unilateral withdrawal from the Borjam agreement, which could improve relations between Iran and America is inconceivable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - The role of Route 2 Diplomacy in Reducing International Conflicts (Case Study: Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America)
Hassan Khodaverdi Eisa KameliMultiplicity and diversity of challenges, crises, and conflicts among non-state and state actors have given rise to different shapes of diplomacy due to the nature of relationships among the parties. While the efficiency of formal diplomacy is under question particularl MoreMultiplicity and diversity of challenges, crises, and conflicts among non-state and state actors have given rise to different shapes of diplomacy due to the nature of relationships among the parties. While the efficiency of formal diplomacy is under question particularly for those parties who face a lack of communications and formal relations, a two-track diplomacy will be a suitable alternative. Such technique requires the approval and sufficient support of all parties involved in order to overcome its challenges and unavoidable limitations and achieve the desirable results. The current research intends to answer the following question: what is the correlation between the use of two-track diplomacy and decrease in conflicts? The reason for selecting this issue is to analyze the role of two-track diplomacy in the context of the U.S.-Iran conflict seeing as there has been a scarcity of focus on this issue in past scholarships.The current research intends to articulate the hypothesis that two-track diplomacy has played a key role in decreasing conflicts within its capacity. This form of diplomacy has proven successful, on occasions, namely in bringing about the Iran nuclear deal and contributed to the change in atmosphere of bilateral conflicts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - The Role of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Deterring the US Military Presence in the Persian Gulf after September 11, 2001
Aliasghar Ghaffari Hassan Khodaverdi Garineh Keshishyan SirakiOne of the issues that has always affected Iran's national security is the US military intervention in the Persian Gulf region. Today, this country is the biggest extra-regional threat in the Persian Gulf against Iran's national security. Iran has always strived to main MoreOne of the issues that has always affected Iran's national security is the US military intervention in the Persian Gulf region. Today, this country is the biggest extra-regional threat in the Persian Gulf against Iran's national security. Iran has always strived to maintain and enhance its deterrent capability against the US military presence in the Persian Gulf region. This study seeks to answer the question of what is the role of the Islamic Republic of Iran in deterring the US military presence in the Persian Gulf region? Using descriptive-analytical method to test the hypothesis and library method and taking notes to collect data and use the statements of the theory of threat balance, This result was obtained that the Islamic Republic of Iran while making optimal use of its geopolitical and geostrategic position in The Persian Gulf region, with the development of its naval, air, land and missile power, along with the use of asymmetric warfare strategy and the use of proxy forces, as well as pursuing friendship diplomacy with the countries of the Persian Gulf region, has sought to implement a no-access strategy in the Persian Gulf region to create an effective balance of threat against the threat of US military presence, to increase its deterrent power against this country, especially in the military field. The actions of the Islamic Republic of Iran strengthened the national security of this country and, in turn, posed a serious challenge to the effective US military presence in the Persian Gulf region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - Arctic geopolitical position and future game scene preparation (Emphasizing the role of Russia)
soleiman asadiThe purpose of this research is to study the geopolitics of the Arctic as a new scene of geopolitical confrontation in the future and the beginning of a new alignment of powers to dominate new energy sources with emphasis on Russia's role in the region. This research ha MoreThe purpose of this research is to study the geopolitics of the Arctic as a new scene of geopolitical confrontation in the future and the beginning of a new alignment of powers to dominate new energy sources with emphasis on Russia's role in the region. This research has been done using descriptive and analytical methods and collection tools such as library and documents. The Arctic is increasingly at the center of disputes between the United States, Russia, Canada, Norway, and Denmark over its vast underground resources due to its vast oil and gas reserves. Increasing the temperature and decreasing the diameter of the ice becomes more accessible. The five countries, especially Russia, intend to expand their sphere of ownership in this region.But in the meantime, Russia, in addition to having the largest border with the pole and the largest volume of estimated resources in this region and the largest ice-cold fleet in the world due to the unique geographical position of the North Pole in terms of aristocracy over different regions of the country for each The type of possible military attack also has a strategic and strategic position, and based on this, it is possible that considering the geo-economic and geo-strategic position of this region, the North Pole can be a lever for the rise of this power (Russia). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - Imāmzādih Hossein ibn Musā's Tomb: A Historical Study
mohammad bagheri حمیدرضا ثنائیImamzadeh Hossein ibn Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the second century AH and the first half of the third century AH. According to the reports of many sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was buried. T MoreImamzadeh Hossein ibn Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the second century AH and the first half of the third century AH. According to the reports of many sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was buried. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, first explains the reports of many sources about his burial and then analyzes and considers their authenticity. The available reports mention his burial in cities such as Shiraz, Behbahan, Jopar Kerman, Kufa, Dezful and Tabas. The result indicates that the tomb of Imamzadeh is most likely located in the city of Tabas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
439 - Presenting a Model for Learning While Working Teachers’
Ala Solaleh Nouri Parivash Jafari Nader ghourchianThe purpose of this study was to provide a model for Learning while working teachers’ in schools based on religiously motivated schools with six decades of history.In this qualitative study, a systematic version of the method for producing the grounded theory and MoreThe purpose of this study was to provide a model for Learning while working teachers’ in schools based on religiously motivated schools with six decades of history.In this qualitative study, a systematic version of the method for producing the grounded theory and the proposed paradigm model of Strauss and Corbin have been used to facilitate the presentation of the model. The data were mainly collected from semi from teachers to experts and university professors. The data are analyzed through open, pivotal, and selective coding steps and are categorized into five components, along with the core phenomenon of this study, “School as the center of Learning While Working of teachers”. These components, which their identification make sense of the model, are: “Causal factors” including individual characteristics and occupational characteristics; “Context conditions” including organizational characteristics, quantity and quality of training courses and organizational support; “Mediating conditions” including social and cultural conditions, economic factors, technology factors; “Strategies” including learning processes of individual, group and organizational and training courses and “Outcomes” including Individual outcomes, School outcomes and outcomes for the community. The credibility of this research is due to the full familiarity of the researcher with the repeated revision of the coding and triangulation steps. Trust of data (Stability and Coordination) is confirmed with the repetition of codes in two sets of schools. This model can be used as a basis for promoting the Learning While Working of schools studied and similar schools, and introduce realistic ideas to relevant policy makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
440 - Designing, a leadership pattern in the 21st century for primary school principals (Sample study elementry education of Tehran)
soraya bajan abbas khorshidi Batoul Faghiharam Nader Barzegar Esfandyar Doshman ZyariAbstract The current research is to present a leadership model in the 21st century for principals of elementary schools in Tehran. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of the type of qualitative data, in terms of the nature and type of data study MoreAbstract The current research is to present a leadership model in the 21st century for principals of elementary schools in Tehran. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of the type of qualitative data, in terms of the nature and type of data study, it is systemic (paradigmatic). The intended community includes experts in the field of human resources with specialized doctorate education and authors, articles, research and practical experience. Theoretical snowball sampling method and based on theoretical data saturation, 15 experts were selected for interview. The research tool was a semi-structured interview in which the dimensions, components and indicators of the leadership model in the 21st century were organized for the principals of primary schools in Tehran. For the aforementioned interview form, first, part of national and global patterns, findings, studies and theories were reviewed, with open coding, indicators and through axial coding in the form of dimensions, components and indicators were categorized and sent to 15 experts. With the help of selective coding through interviews, Delphi technique and brainstorming, dimensions and components were identified. As a result, 5 dimensions, 16 components and 111 indicators were finalized. After the final approval and prioritization of the experts, the dimensions, components and indicators of the model were drawn and the said model was again validated by the experts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
441 - The presentation of educational policy pattern of skill learning for high school students (sample study: Markazi province )
Samane Keshmiri abbas khorshidi alireza erghieh Nader Barzegar Esfandyar Doshman ZyariThe aim of the current research is to provide "the model of educational policy for skill learning of first year high school students". The research method is applied in terms of purpose, qualitative in terms of data type, and systemic (paradigmatic) in terms of the natu MoreThe aim of the current research is to provide "the model of educational policy for skill learning of first year high school students". The research method is applied in terms of purpose, qualitative in terms of data type, and systemic (paradigmatic) in terms of the nature and type of data study. The target population of the research includes university professors and experts in the field of human resource management, based on the theoretical sampling method of the snowball type and based on the theoretical saturation of the data, 15 experts were selected for the interview. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, in which the dimensions, components and indicators of the educational policy model of skill learning of first year high school students were set. For the aforementioned interview form, a part of national and global models, findings, studies and theories were examined, then, with open coding, indicators were counted and through axial coding, they were categorized in the form of dimensions, components and indicators, and for 15 people from Experts sent and with the help of selective coding through interviews, Delphi technique and brainstorming, the dimensions and components were identified. As a result, 5 dimensions, 20 components and 118 indicators were finalized for the educational policy model of the first year high school students. After the final approval and prioritization of the experts, the dimensions, components and indicators of the model were drawn, and the said model was again validated by the experts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - Narges and Narseh
Shervin VakiliNaryousang is one of the ancient Gods who in the Zoroastrian world arose as a mighty angel. In Manavis mythology also this Deity established his central position. Declining fame and significance of a God or its growing fame and significance is usually accomp MoreNaryousang is one of the ancient Gods who in the Zoroastrian world arose as a mighty angel. In Manavis mythology also this Deity established his central position. Declining fame and significance of a God or its growing fame and significance is usually accompanied with transformation in the cultural system which stems from a transition in the structure and the relationship between the binary oppositions which are the main determiner of that cultural system. This article aims at investigating and analyzing the changes befallen the God, Naryousang in different periods in Iran and the other neighboring cultures such as the Greek and Roman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
443 - The effect of 8 weeks of Pilates exercises with and without vitamin D supplementation on body composition and osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women
Saber Rezanejad Zeynab Mehri babadi Akram khani RozvehIntroduction: The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercises with and without vitamin D supplementation on body composition and osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women. Methodology: The statistical populatio MoreIntroduction: The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercises with and without vitamin D supplementation on body composition and osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women. Methodology: The statistical population of this study included postmenopausal women with an age range (50-70 years) and a high body mass index (25 to 29 kg/m2), with 40 women in three experimental groups and one group were controlled. The first group of 10 people only did Pilates, the second group of 10 people only took vitamin D supplements, the third group of 10 people did Pilates with the supplement and the last group was considered as the control group. The subjects participated in the Pilates exercise program, which included 8 weeks of three sessions of one hour per week, and took vitamin D supplements according to the schedule. Finally, the subjects' body mass index, vitamin D level, and osteoporosis level were determined before and after the activity. To check the results, the statistical method of covariance test was used at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results: Based on the obtained results, Pilates exercises along with vitamin D supplementation had an effect on the body composition of overweight postmenopausal women and reduced the body mass index of women (P≤0.05)). Pilates exercises combined with vitamin D supplementation had an effect on osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women and the rate of osteoporosis in the subjects was reduced (P≤0.05). However, supplement consumption and Pilates exercise alone did not affect the amount of body mass index and osteoporosis (P≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results obtained from this research, it is possible to suggest Pilates exercises along with vitamin D supplementation to overweight postmenopausal women to improve body composition and prevent osteoporosis. The main goal of osteoporosis treatment is to prevent fractures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
444 - Imāmzādih Hossein ibn Musā's Tomb: A Historical Study
mohammad bagheri حمیدرضا ثنائیImamzadeh Hossein ibn Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the second century AH and the first half of the third century AH. According to the reports of many sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was buried. T MoreImamzadeh Hossein ibn Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the second century AH and the first half of the third century AH. According to the reports of many sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was buried. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, first explains the reports of many sources about his burial and then analyzes and considers their authenticity. The available reports mention his burial in cities such as Shiraz, Behbahan, Jopar Kerman, Kufa, Dezful and Tabas. The result indicates that the tomb of Imamzadeh is most likely located in the city of Tabas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
445 - The effect of Rhizobium leguminosarum strains on Fusarium root rot disease of bean
Maryam Hatamabadi Farahani saeed vezaee mohammadrez lakRoot rot is one of the most important disease of bean. Management of the disease is difficult because the pathogen is soil borne. In this study the effect of some strains of <em>Rhizobium</em> <em>leguminosarum</em> bacteria on <em>Fusarium </em>root rot of local Khomei MoreRoot rot is one of the most important disease of bean. Management of the disease is difficult because the pathogen is soil borne. In this study the effect of some strains of <em>Rhizobium</em> <em>leguminosarum</em> bacteria on <em>Fusarium </em>root rot of local Khomein chitti bean variety were evaluated in greenhouse condition. This experiment was conducted with 10 treatments (inoculation with 5 strains of <em>Rhizobium</em>, Rovral-TS fungicide, and healthy and infected control with water and suger-water) based on completely randomized design with four replications during 2007-2008. Results showed that <em>Rhizobium</em> R-115 had the highest effect on disease severity reduction. This treatment reduced disease severity by 42% compared with infected control. There was no significant difference in disease severity reduction between the other <em>Rhizobium</em> tretments and Rovral-TS fungicide. R-115 increased N concentration (%1.59) compared with %0.74 in infected control. Also all <em>Rhizobium</em> treatments with increasing N concentration, improved plant growth with higher height, dry root and aerial plant weight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - Molecular identification and detection of gene encoding deoxynivalenol in Fusarium graminearum isolates, the causal agent of fusarium head blight of wheat in Ira
Roya Rezaeian Doloei saeed rezaee mansooreh mieabolfathy hamidreza zamanizadeh mohammad razaviFusarium Head Blight (FHB) is one of the most important fungal diseases of wheat in Iran and throughout the world. <em>Fusarium</em> species infect wheat during the flowering period. In addition to losses of yield, these fungi can also synthesize mycotoxins under suitab MoreFusarium Head Blight (FHB) is one of the most important fungal diseases of wheat in Iran and throughout the world. <em>Fusarium</em> species infect wheat during the flowering period. In addition to losses of yield, these fungi can also synthesize mycotoxins under suitable environmental conditions, thus threatening animal and human health. In the present study, 60 isolates of <em>F. graminearum</em> collected from infested wheat fields of some provinces of Iran and were characterized morphologically and genetically. Molecular characterization of isolates was performed using an optimized simple and low cost method for isolation of DNA from <em>F. graminearum</em> using polymerase chain reaction with species specific primers. All of the isolates were confirmed as <em>F. graminearum</em> using species specific primers Fg16F/Fg16R through PCR assays. The results indicated that a specific band of 420 bp was amplified, when species specific primers of <em>F. graminearum</em> was used. All of the isolates were molecularly identified as <em>F. graminearum</em>. The primers failed to amplify any band in negative controls including <em>F. culmorum.</em> All of <em>F. graminearum</em> isolates were tested for DON chemotype producing gene by specific Tri13F/Tri13DONR primer by PCR. Our results showed that a specific band of 282 bp was amplified only in 36 isolates (60%). Consequently, using of species specific primers for detection of suspected cultures of <em>F. graminearum</em> in infected tissues and toxin profile of isolates are very interesting when comparing with the morphological trait which are time consuming and non-specific. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
447 - Effects of plant density and defoliation during development stages on yield and yield components of sunflower
Mohsen Roshdi sasan rezdost javad khalilimahalleh navvab Hajihasani AslTo evaluation of effects of plant density and defoliation in two development stages on yield and yield components of sunflower, two year research was carried out during 2004-2006 in the agriculture research station of Khoy. The experiment was done in split factorial in MoreTo evaluation of effects of plant density and defoliation in two development stages on yield and yield components of sunflower, two year research was carried out during 2004-2006 in the agriculture research station of Khoy. The experiment was done in split factorial in the basis of randomized complete block design in three replications. The plant density levels were considered as the main factor in three levels of 30000, 40000, 50000 plants per hectare and defoliation percentage in four levels (0, 33, 66 and 100 percent) and defoliation stage in appearance of anthodium and anthesis were as the sub factors. The results of compound analysis of variance showed that plant density effect was significant on plant height and stem diameter, seed numbers in an anthodium, thousand seed weight, plant lodging percentage and grain yield. The maximum grain yield was obtained in 50000 plant density per hectare treatment with optimum leaf area index and sufficient number of anthodium in area unit. However, this treatment caused the least number of seeds in an anthodium and thousand seed weight. Increasing defoliation percentage resulted in decreased number of seeds in an anthodium, thousand seed weight, grain yield and harvest index. Defoliation in the anthesis stage had more negative effect on thousand seed weight, number of seeds in an anthodium, grain yield and harvest index than defoliation in appearance of anthodium. The results showed that cropping of sunflower in density of 50000 plants per hectare with leaves protection and high leaf area duration resulted in economical yield in Khoy region and so, even little percentage of defoliation in any different development stages wasn’t recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
448 - Evaluation of yield and yield components of hopeful hybrids of spring canola, Brassica napus in Iranshahr climatic condition
Mahdi Noorabonjar In order to evaluate the adaptability, yield and yield components of 12 hopeful hybrids of spring canola in Iranshahr climate, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in agricultural and natural resources res More In order to evaluate the adaptability, yield and yield components of 12 hopeful hybrids of spring canola in Iranshahr climate, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in agricultural and natural resources research center of System and Balouchestan province during 2005-2006. Results showed significant differences of genotypes in plant height, thousand seed weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of days to flowering, the length of flowering period, the length of ripening period and numbers of days to harvest. Hyola 401 had the most grain yield, thousand kernel weight, oil percent and yield than other hybrids. Hyola308/3 indicated the least grain and oil yield. However, the higher percent of seed oil, plant height and numbers of pods per plant were observed in this hybrid. Hyola308 and syn-2 had more numbers of seed per pod than others. Syn-3 indicated longer flowering period. Hyola308 and Hyola 420 had the higher length of ripening period and hyola43 indicated longer growing period. Thousand kernel weight and the length of ripening period after flowering showed positive correlation with grain yield and oil yield. Length of growing and flowering periods had also negative significant correlation with oil and grain yields in this experiment. Based on the results, the most grain yield was obtained from Hyola 401 and Hyola308. Whereas, Hyola308/3 and Hyola330 produced the least grain yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
449 - Identification of resistant genes linked to fusarium wilt disease in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars using CAPS markers
Bahar Morid Shahab Haj Mansoor Fusarium wilt causes cosiderable yield loss in most tomato-growing regions around the world. The best way to control this disease is using tomato resistant cultivars. Molecular markers linked to resistance gene would be useful for tomato improvement p More Fusarium wilt causes cosiderable yield loss in most tomato-growing regions around the world. The best way to control this disease is using tomato resistant cultivars. Molecular markers linked to resistance gene would be useful for tomato improvement programs. In this study, a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker (TAO1<sub>902</sub>) was used to identify tomato cultivars possessing <em>I</em>-2 gene, which confers resistance to <em>Fusarium oxysporum </em>f. sp. <em>lycopersici</em> race 2. DNA was extracted using CTAB method from 27 hybrids and commercial tomato varieties. To evaluate existence of <em>I</em>-2 gene in tomato cultivars, PCR-RFLP was down using <em>Rsa</em>I and <em>Fok</em>I restriction enzymes. An <em>Rsa</em>I-digested fragment of 500 bp and two restriction fragments of 390 and 410 bp for <em>Fok</em>I digestion of TAO1<sub>902</sub> were revealed in the resistant varieties. Results showed that 14 out of 27 tomato hybrids and cultivars were homozygous resistant and the other 13 hybrids were susceptible to fusarium wilt. Pathogenicity test showed that there were no symptoms in resistance gene <em>I</em>-2 amplifing tomato varieties. However, tomato varieties with no resistance band produced disease symptoms with different disease intensities. Results showed that 7 out of 27 tomato cultivars and hybrids, and 7 hybrids were resistant to <em>F. oxysporum </em>f. sp. <em>lycopersici</em> race 2 and so, these cultivars and hybrids are recommended in regions that race 2 is dominant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
450 - Identification of Fusarium spp., the casual agents of lentil wilt, damping off and root rot diseases and comparison of their pathogenicity in Fars province, Iran
S. M. R. Moosavi vahid ZarrinniaThis study was conducted to identification of <em>Fusarium</em> spp. as casual agents of lentil wilt, damping off and root rot diseases and comparison of their pathogenicity in Fars province during growing seasons of 2007-2008. Lentil fields with yellowing and wilting s MoreThis study was conducted to identification of <em>Fusarium</em> spp. as casual agents of lentil wilt, damping off and root rot diseases and comparison of their pathogenicity in Fars province during growing seasons of 2007-2008. Lentil fields with yellowing and wilting symptoms were visited and 115 samples were collected from which totally 62 isolates of <em>Fusarium</em> spp. were obtained. Isolates then were identified and accomodated in five species of <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, <em>F. solani</em>, <em>F. equiseti</em>, <em>F. avenaceum</em> and <em>F. sambucinum</em> with 46.7, 35, 8.3, 5 and 3.3 percent frequencies, respectively. This was the first report of <em>F. avenaceum</em> in lentil fields of Iran. Pathogenicity test was conducted and disease severity were rated according to the scale proposed for <em>Fusarium</em> diseases of lentil. The results indicated that <em>F. oxysporum</em> was the most important pathogenic species in the lentil farms of Fars province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
451 - Investigating the effect of electronic word of mouth practices on the mobile banking adoption intention due to the role of trust and costomer involvement (Case study: Bank Mellat customers in Tehran)
Setareh AkhavanThe present study is an applied descriptive survey study that investigates the effect of electronic methods of word of mouth marketing on the intention to use banking with regard to the role of trust and customer engagement among Bank Mellat customers in Tehran, for thi MoreThe present study is an applied descriptive survey study that investigates the effect of electronic methods of word of mouth marketing on the intention to use banking with regard to the role of trust and customer engagement among Bank Mellat customers in Tehran, for this purpose 385 people through Available sampling was selected to answer the questionnaire as a data collection tool and the collected data were analyzed after checking the validity and reliability of the questionnaire and its standardization through structural equations and Smart PLS software. The results showed that the quality Argument, capacity, stability and credibility of the source have a positive and significant effect on trust in banking and the intention to use mobile banking, but the volume of marketing has only affected the intention to use mobile banking. Customer engagement also moderates the relationship between word-of-mouth electronics and banking trust. According to the results of the research, it can be said that Bank Mellat and other banks can use electronic methods of word-of-mouth marketing to develop and expand their activities.tomer engagement also moderates the relationship between word-of-mouth electronics and banking trust Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
452 - Inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Water Cress (Nasturtium officinale L.) on the growth of Fusarium solani, the causal agent of Potato dry rot, in vitro
hadi khavari jafar nikan kivan razaghi ali moradi razak mahdizadehBiological control of plant pathogens with the aim of reducing the harmful effects of pesticides on human health threats, environmental pollution, eliminating non-target organisms and the emergence of resistant pathogens is a priority. In this regard, the use of antimic MoreBiological control of plant pathogens with the aim of reducing the harmful effects of pesticides on human health threats, environmental pollution, eliminating non-target organisms and the emergence of resistant pathogens is a priority. In this regard, the use of antimicrobial potential of plant metabolites, have been discussed in recent years. In this study the effects of ethanol extract of Water Cress (<em>Nasturtium officinale</em> L.) on the growth of <em>Fusarium solani</em>, the causal agent of Potato dry rot,<em> in vitro</em> were investigated. The experiment was performed in the frame of a randomized complete block design with six treatments and four replicates. The treatments were 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg/ml of extract of <em>Nasturtium officinale</em> L. and a fungicide and were as controls. For this purpose, the plates of (PDA) medium were inoculated with the suspension spore of <em>Fusarium solani</em> (1×10<sup>6</sup> spore/ml) and the disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the effect of the extracts on the growth of the fungus. The results indicated that all concentrations of the extract used, were effective in controlling the growth of the fungus and the effect was close dependent. These rents suggest that the extract of <em>Nasturtium officinale</em> L. can be used to control in the growth of Fusarium<em> solani</em>. However, recommended further investigations on control of the fungus in potato are needed. Manuscript profile
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