Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Muscle and Liver of Shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum) in Khor Musa

Subject Areas : environmental management

Eshagh hashemi ¹ ( M.Sc. Student, Department of Marine Biology, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran. * ( Corresponding Author) )
Mohamad Ali Salari Ali Abadi ² ( Assist. Professor, Department of Marine Biology, Khorramshahr University of Marine Sciences and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran. )
Alireza Safahieh ³ ( Assist. Professor, Department of Marine Biology, Khorramshahr University of Marine Sciences and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran )
Kamal Ghanemi ⁴ ( - Assist. Prof., Department of Marine Chemistry, Khorramshahr University of Marine Sciences and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran )

Received: 2013-11-11 Accepted : 2013-12-20 Published : 2016-11-21

Keywords: Heavy Metals, Bamboo Shark, Mercury, Khor Musa,

Abstract :

Background and Objective: In this study, the levels of heavy metals (mercury, zinc, copper, cadmium and lead) were measured in the liver and muscle tissues of Bamboo Shark in Khor Musa. Method: To do the process, after drying and digestion of samples, the concentration of mercury samples was measured and it was found that the level of whole metals in liver was higher than in muscle. The metal concentrations in liver and muscle tissue were obtained according to the following order Zn> Cu> Hg> Pb> Cd and Zn> Hg> Cu, respectively. The concentration of two nonessential metals, cadmium and lead, was not detected in muscle. There was a significant difference between the level of metals in liver and muscle. Also, level of mercury in liver and muscle showed a direct correlation with shark’s weight and length. Conclusion: Comparison of metal concentrations in liver and muscle with various world standards indicated that only the level of mercury is higher than standard limits. High accumulation of mercury in the animal’s body is likely originated from mercury sources such as petrochemical plants. Hence, considering all the obtained data, it is highly advised to have a constant monitoring over the aquatic animals, certainly edible ones, existing in the area.

References:

 

1-      Fairbrother, A., R. Wenstel, et al. (2007). "Framework for metals risk assessment." Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf 68(2): 145-227.

2-      Xu, J., L. Yang, Z. Wang, G. Dong, J. Huang, and Y. Wang. 2006. Toxicity of copper on rice growth and accumulation of copper in rice grain in copper contaminated soil. Chemosphere, 62:602-607.

3-      Mazej, Z., S. Al Sayegh-Petkovšek, et al. (2010). "Heavy metal concentrations in food chain of lake Velenjsko jezero, Slovenia: an artificial lake from mining." Arch. Environ. Contam.. toxicol 58(4): 998-1007.

4-      Safahieh, A., F. A. Monikh, et al. (2011). "Heavy Metals Concentration in Mullet Fish, Liza abu from Petrochemical Waste Receiving Creeks, Musa Estuary (Persian Gulf)." J. Environ. Pro2 (9): 1218-1226.

5-      White, W., and I. Potter. 2004. Habitat partitioning among four elasmobranch species in nearshore, shallow waters of a subtropical embayment in Western Australia. Marine Biology, 145:1023-1032.

6-      Harahush, B. K., N. S. Hart, et al. (2009). "Retinal neurogenesis and ontogenetic changes in the visual system of the brown banded bamboo shark, Chiloscyllium punctatum (Hemiscyllidae, Elasmobranchii)." J Comp Neurol 513(1): 83-97.

7-      Licata, P., D. Trombetta, et al. (2005). "Heavy metals in liver and muscle of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) caught in the straits of Messina (Sicily, Italy)." Environ. Monit. assess 107(1-3): 239-248.

8-      Voigt, H.-R. (2003).. Concentrations of mercury and cadmium in some coastal fishes from the Finnish and, Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Biology and Ecology, Vol. 52, pp. 305-318. Estonian Academy Publishers.

9-      Jezierska, B. and M. Witeska (2006). The metal uptake and accumulation in fish living in polluted waters. Soil and Water Pollut. Monit., Protect. and Rem: 107-114.

10-  Sankar, T., A. Zynudheen, et al. (2006). "Distribution of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metal residues in fish and shellfish from Calicut region, Kerala, India." Chemosphere 65(4): 583-590.

11-  Demirak, A., F. Yilmaz, et al. (2006). "Heavy metals in water, sediment and tissues of< i> Leuciscus cephalus from a stream in southwestern Turkey." Chemosphere 63(9): 1451-1458.

12-  Al-Saleh, I. and N. Shinwari (2002). "Preliminary report on the levels of elements in four fish species from the Arabian Gulf of Saudi Arabia." Chemosphere 48(7): 749-755.

13-  Karadede, H., S. A. Oymak, et al. (2004). "Heavy metals in mullet,< i> Liza abu, and catfish,< i> Silurus triostegus, from the Atatürk Dam Lake (Euphrates), Turkey." Environ.Int 30(2): 183-188.

14-  Dural, M., M. Göksu, et al. (2007). "Investigation of heavy metal levels in economically important fish species captured from the Tuzla lagoon." Food .Chem 102(1): 415-421.

15-  Law, R., M. Bennett, et al. (2001). "Metals and organochlorines in pelagic cetaceans stranded on the coasts of England and Wales." Mar. pollut.bullet 42(6): 521-525.

16-  Kunito, T., S. Nakamura, et al. (2004). "Concentration and subcellular distribution of trace elements in liver of small cetaceans incidentally caught along the Brazilian coast." Mar. pollut.bullet 49(7): 574-587.

17-  Pourang, N., A. Nikouyan, et al. (2005). "Trace element concentrations in fish, surficial sediments and water from northern part of the Persian Gulf." Environ. Monit. assess 109(1-3): 293-316.

18-  Kim, J. and T. H. Koo (2007). "The use of feathers to monitor heavy metal contamination in herons, Korea." Arch. Environ. Contam.. toxicol 53(3): 435-441.

19- سید عبدالمجید موسوی، عباس اسماعیل ساری، هومن رجبی اسلامی، صابر وطن دوست، عبدالرحیم پذیرا (1389)."بررسی میزان جیوه در چهار عضو (طحال، کلیه، باله و عضله) کوسه ماهی چانه سفید (Carcharhinus dussumieri) در سواحل استان بوشهر". مجله شیلات. دوره 4، شماره2

20-  De Pinho, A. P., J. R. D. Guimarães, et al. (2002). "Total mercury in muscle tissue of five shark species from Brazilian offshore waters: effects of feeding habit, sex, and length." Environ. Res 89(3): 250-258.

21-  Canli, M. and G. Atli (2003). "The relationships between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species." Environ.Pollut 121(1): 129-136.