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Open Access Article
1 - Presenting the Agricultural Marketing Model with an Emphasis on the Development and Marketing of Medicinal Plants in Iran
Bijan alizadeh Abdullah Naami Mohammad Nasroallah Nia -
Open Access Article
2 - Paying Blood Money by the Criminals in the Organ Transplants after the Retribution
Ali Akbar Aref Ghasm ArefThe present juridical study investigates the adequacy of paying blood money by the criminals in the organ transplants after the retribution. The study used a library research method. Hence, after the introduction, the recent views about the issue were discussed separate MoreThe present juridical study investigates the adequacy of paying blood money by the criminals in the organ transplants after the retribution. The study used a library research method. Hence, after the introduction, the recent views about the issue were discussed separately. Finally, based on the progress in the area of organ transplants, theviewpoint of “separation” between the case in which the crime of the criminal is the mere cause of the amputation and in the case of the crime in which the crime of the criminal in the incident is the cause of loosing the murder victim’s organ was discussed. According to the first assumption of the theory, paying blood money is adequate and in the second assumption, the right of the victim for demanding mutilation again is changeless and fixed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Impression investigation of cultivation of cut flowers and putplants on pakdasht economy
Masome Pazoki Mojtaba Ghadiri Masomd Alireza EstelajiDuring the several past decades, making variety in exports or on the other hands,tendency to exports development and export mutation strategy violently has beenbeing emphasized. In this way, for the purpose of replacing other goods instead for oilin economical growth, d MoreDuring the several past decades, making variety in exports or on the other hands,tendency to exports development and export mutation strategy violently has beenbeing emphasized. In this way, for the purpose of replacing other goods instead for oilin economical growth, development and making structural transition, increasing jobopportunities, acquiring foreign income and finally possibility of divulging ofpotentials abilities exports of non-oil goods has been being emphasized.For economical development, knowledge of resources and effective factors ongrowth by exports has high importance, especially, those resources that they haveproportional preference and competition preference. One of these goods that can be innon-oil exports complex, is cut flowers and put-plants, because of Pakdasht physicaland historical pervious record.With preparing the way for cut flowers and put-plants production and exports, theuniversal markets gates will open to Iran and Pakdasht economy. Considering thatthese productions have potential ability fore acquiring high foreign income, they canhave the very important role in arranging of non-oil economical plan and make varietyin exports.In the other way, cultivation of cut flowers and put-plants in villages has madeoccupation, increasing income and pile up wealth that has lead to economicaldevelopment in villages; finally it will make sustainable development in villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The mediating role of attitude in analyzing the factors affecting the tendency of rural women to use medicinal plants during the COVID-19 outbreak
رویا کرمی Layla BayatSince the onset of the, researchers have introduced various medicines as candidates for treatment or prevention, the effects of which are still questionable. In the meantime, medicinal plants as a product derived from nature was reported as one of the most popular optio MoreSince the onset of the, researchers have introduced various medicines as candidates for treatment or prevention, the effects of which are still questionable. In the meantime, medicinal plants as a product derived from nature was reported as one of the most popular options in the world, the effects of which are still being studied and tested. This subject led this study to investigate the mediating role of attitude in the relation of independent variables and the tendency to use medicinal plants among the population of rural women of Zanjan province. The study using survey method and questionnaire as tool which its validity and reliability were confirmed, collected data in accordance with health protocols. Sampling conducted using multi stage cluster sampling and the number of samples was determined using Cochran's formula equal to 272 people. The results indicated that economic and social variables, characteristics of medicinal plants, and knowledge had a positive and significant effect on attitude and attitude as a mediator was able to explain 55% of the changes in the tendency to use medicinal plants. Further, Corona anxiety directly played a significant role in explaining the tendency to use herbs, but in the indirect model it did not have a significant effect on attitude. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Identifying the Economic and Educational-Extension Activities Affecting Cultivated Area of Medicinal Plants: A Comparison of the Weighting Methods of Entropy and Fuzzy Triangular in Delphi Technique
S.Ali Noorhosseini Esmaeil Fallahi Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari Sepideh Gholinezhad Somayeh MajlesiThis study aimed to identify economic and educational-extension factors affecting the cultivated area of medicinal plants in Guilan Province using entropy and fuzzy triangular weighting methods in the Delphi technique. The research findings confirmed the substantial rol MoreThis study aimed to identify economic and educational-extension factors affecting the cultivated area of medicinal plants in Guilan Province using entropy and fuzzy triangular weighting methods in the Delphi technique. The research findings confirmed the substantial role of economic and educational factors in the development of cultivated area of medicinal plants. The results showed that training through field visits, particularly visits to out-of-state, identifying and emphasizing on cultivation of medicinal plants that have medicinal effects are tangible, training through visual, audio, and text media in the cultivation of medicinal plants, providing low-cost credit to cultivate medicinal plants, training through the establishment of a model farm for medicinal plants and attending the multi-day extension - educational classes with an emphasis on the cultivation of these plants, are respectively the most important economic and extension activities affecting the development of cultivated area of medicinal plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The co-assessment of antioxidant capacity and flavonoids levels of alcoholic extract of some of current traditional medicine plants
فاطمه کریم نژاد فهیمه فیروزبخت صدیقه میرلطیفی شهرزاد قدیمی فاطمه فرجادمندBackground: In the last years, there has been growing interest in finding plants for treatment andprevention of disease. Borage officinalis, Camellia sinensis, Chamaemelum nobile, Morus albaand Rosmarinus officinals are usually used in traditional medicine. The aim of t MoreBackground: In the last years, there has been growing interest in finding plants for treatment andprevention of disease. Borage officinalis, Camellia sinensis, Chamaemelum nobile, Morus albaand Rosmarinus officinals are usually used in traditional medicine. The aim of this experimentalstudy was co assay of antioxidant and flavonoids levels of alcoholic extraction of these plants. Inthis study the antioxidant activity was surveyed by applying iron ion reducing assay (FRAPassay) and flavonoids levels with measuring the complex flavonoids with trivalent aluminumion. Results from the present study show,the alcoholic extraction of Rosmarinus officinals havea marked antioxidant activity, and the high levels of flavonoids was recorded by Chamaemelumnobile. Camellia sinensis had both effects; antioxidant activity, flavonoids levels. The using ofscreening tests such as the mentioned methods are useful for finding biological components withdifferent effects Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Comparison of six different medicinal plants effects on humoral immune system performance of broiler chickens
سامان مهدوی، یوسف مهماننواز .The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of six different medicinal plants on humoral immune system performance of broiler chickens. 420 one-day-old male broilers (308 Ross strain) were used in a completely randomized design in 7 treatments and three replica MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of six different medicinal plants on humoral immune system performance of broiler chickens. 420 one-day-old male broilers (308 Ross strain) were used in a completely randomized design in 7 treatments and three replicates (20 birds per replicate) for 42 days. The treatment groups consisted of a control(Group1) assigned to the basal diet and experimental groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 were basal diet supplemented with 1% Mentha pulegium L., 1% Thymus vulgaris, 1% Cicorium intibus, 1% Satureja hortensis, 1% Malva neglecta and 1% Urtica dioica of aerial parts powder in the feedstuff, respectively. B1 Newcastle vaccine was used in all groups of broilers at 10 and 25 days of age. Two birds from each replicate (6 birds from each group, totally)were randomly chosen and blood sample was taken on the 24th and 34th days of experimental period and Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test was performed on sera and the heterophil: lymphocyte ratio was calculated. Regarding HI test (Antibody levels against Newcastle virus vaccine), it didn’t show statistical significance in different treatment groups. Regarding heterophil: lymphocyte ratio, only the group that had received 1% Urtica dioica showed statistical significance in comparison with control group (P< 0.05) and other groups didn’t show any statistical significance.Probably, other amounts of these medicinal plants (separately or mixed together) may effectively improve the immune system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of the effects of some biofertilizers on nutrient uptake and essential oil yield in the golden plant (Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss) under different soil moisture regimes
Ramin Cham Seyed Ali Abtahi Mojtaba Jafarinia Jafar yasrebiDracocephalum kotschyi is one of the most important medicinal plants of the family Lamiaceae which is endangered due to unfavorable environmental conditions. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of biofertilizers at four levels (nitroxin, super nitroplus, bioph MoreDracocephalum kotschyi is one of the most important medicinal plants of the family Lamiaceae which is endangered due to unfavorable environmental conditions. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of biofertilizers at four levels (nitroxin, super nitroplus, biophosphorus and non-use of biofertilizer) on essential oil yield and nutrient uptake of D. kotschyi seedlings under drought stress at three levels (irrigation to completion 80, 60 and 40% of field capacity) a completely randomized design in 3 replication (each replication includes 25 pots containing one seedling) was performed in the greenhouse as a pot experiment containing cocopeat and perlite culture medium in a ratio of 1: 1. The highest amount of root nitrogen uptake (2.2 mg kg-1) and leaf nitrogen (57.5 mg kg-1) was observed in conventional irrigation treatment (irrigation treatment up to 80% of field capacity) and application of super nitroplus biofertilizer. The percentage of essential oil under mild stress increased by 77.53% compared to the control, while with the intensification of drought stress, the percentage of essential oil decreased by 94.49% compared to the control. The results of this study showed that the most increasing effect on essential oil percentage (1.1%) and essential oil yield (1.5 g plant-1) of D. kotschyi was related to inoculation with Super Nitroplus biofertilizer and mild drought stress, while cultivation of D. kotschyi under normal irrigation conditions and no biofertilizer resulted in the lowest production and yield of essential oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Reducing nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural drainage using constructed wetland systems and open drains
Ali Afrous Abdolmajid LiaghatConservation of quality of the available water resources is very important in arid and semi-arid regions. Using constructed wetlands system for treatment of municipal, industrial and agricultural wastewater has attracted many attentions worldwide. Thus the dir MoreConservation of quality of the available water resources is very important in arid and semi-arid regions. Using constructed wetlands system for treatment of municipal, industrial and agricultural wastewater has attracted many attentions worldwide. Thus the direct discharge of wastewater contamination into water resources via chemical nutrients is prevented. Given the aquatic plants grown naturally in agricultural open drains, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of the open drains as the natural wetland systems for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus from the agricultural return flows. In this study, first in a laboratory scale, removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus (in three replicates with concentration levels of 30 and 10 mg/l for both N and P) and four retention times (0.75, 1.5, 3.5 and 7 days) in constructed wetland systems containing two aquatic plant species (Phragmites australis and latifolia Typha) were studied and compared to a control system. The results showed that the system containing Phragmites australis has highest N and P removal efficiency. In the second stage in a field surveying in the range of 1000 m length of open drainage path and 200 m intervals, both drainage N and P concentrations were measured. The results indicated that concentrations of these two pollutants were reduced along with the open drain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Investigating the Pollution of Renewable Power Plants with AHP, TOPSIS and VIKOR Analysis Approach
Zeinolabedin Sadeghi Maryam Rezaee Jafari Amin Ghasemi NejadBackground and Objective: Electricity production and consumption are considered as two of the most important factors and premises in the growth and development of every country. We need to build power plants for electricity production given the high costs and investment MoreBackground and Objective: Electricity production and consumption are considered as two of the most important factors and premises in the growth and development of every country. We need to build power plants for electricity production given the high costs and investment needed for the construction of each power plant in electricity industry, it is necessary to select these power plants according to a wide range of criteria. Method: Using economic, environmental and technical criteria, this study attempts to prioritize different power plants in Iran via AHP, TOPSIS and VIKOR method. Findings: Environmental pollution indices, initial investment per kilowatt hour of electricity generation, maintenance costs, easy access to spare parts and the possibility of developing and increasing capacity were introduced the main indicators affecting prioritization of the power plants in Iran. In general, according to all indices studied in this study, environmental pollution has the most impact on the prioritization of power generation plants. Also, the indexes related to the amount of initial investment per kWh, maintenance costs, the possibility of developing and increasing capacity, and easy access to spare parts were considered as the most important factors. Discussion and Conclusions: The findings from the prioritization by each methods of Multiple Attribute Decision Making show that wind plants have the top priority in the strategic selection of electricity plant, and solar energy. Hydropower, small-scale (scattered), gas, steam, combined cycle and diesel respectively are the next priorities .Therefore, it is suggested that government and political organizations start to make foundations and infrastructure required for utilization of such energies in power plants given the illustrated prioritization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Comparison the effect of sulfur on yield and micro elements uptake in oilseed crops and forage plants The effect of sulfur on yield and nutrient uptake in oilseed crops and forage plants
Reyhane Dehghan Ali Akbar Karimian Somaye Ghasemi Malihe AminiBackground and Objective: Today, due to high prices and destructive effects of uncontrolled use of chemical fertilizers on the environment and the quantity and quality of agricultural products, use of sulfur as a micro element and also acidifying agent in soil is too im MoreBackground and Objective: Today, due to high prices and destructive effects of uncontrolled use of chemical fertilizers on the environment and the quantity and quality of agricultural products, use of sulfur as a micro element and also acidifying agent in soil is too important and necessary. Material and Methodology: In order to evaluate and compare the effect of sulfur on yield and the ability to micro elements absorption with oilseed safflower, canola, corn and fodder plants sorghum and pigweed in a calcareous soil a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The experimental factors were contain sulfur fertilizer in two levels (without application and consumed 500 kilograms per hectare). Findings: Results showed that the use of sulfur caused a significant increase in wet and dry weight in all plant species and the maximum increase was observed in corn and sorghum species. The use of sulfur causes significant increase absorption of iron and zinc in roots and shoots of all species of plant.Discussion and Conclusion: Among the oilseeds, the effect of sulfur application on corn and canola was higher than safflower and the sorghum forage had better performance than the pigweed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - H 2 S emission from Sabalan geothermal power plant and its control in such plants
Abdoreza Karbasi Faride Atabi Sepide Sahar MirzaeiVisible steam emitting from the cooling tower and H 2 S smell are obvious environmental manifestations of a geothermal facilit MoreVisible steam emitting from the cooling tower and H 2 S smell are obvious environmental manifestations of a geothermal facility. They are usually coupled with concerns about exposure to the high toxicity of mercury and arsenic along with radon radiation. They have been, to a large extent, responsible for the perception that air quality is significantly affected by geothermal activities. In reality, air quality is affected by geothermal facilities a little, especially as compared to many other industries or fossil-fuel power plants. If the quality of air is considered in the construction and utilization of geothermal installations, worries about air quality will be removed. The key to success in air quality programs is the early collection of data, plant operational scenarios, educational programs, etc.The present study aims at predicting dispersion pattern of one of the main gases of Sabalan geothermal power plants to find a solution for its probable negative effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigation of Cost Damages on Plants by Laky Sazbon Dam
Zahra Abedi Nasser Moharam Nezhad Borhan Riazi Maryam BayatThe design to construct Sazbon dam and power plant is a sub-group of designs that have anything to do with the tributaries of KARKHE BASIN. The location where the design is going to be implemented is in the province of Illam and eastern part of SARABLEH which is about 3 MoreThe design to construct Sazbon dam and power plant is a sub-group of designs that have anything to do with the tributaries of KARKHE BASIN. The location where the design is going to be implemented is in the province of Illam and eastern part of SARABLEH which is about 3 Kms after the confluence of two rivers named Simoreh and Cherdaval respectively within the straits of SAZBON. To determine the value of plant covering on the reservoir, first the values of trees and pasture were estimated subject to valuation codes and about 3269 acres of pastures(Echinops orientalis ,Astragalus gossypinus , Hordeum spontaneum….,) and about 71 acres of woods shall(Amygdalus scopariaو Pistaciaو Quercus brantii(...و be flooded by constructing this dam. The damages were estimated to be 3198970040 billion IR-Rials which are evaluated to be very little against 660 billion IR-Rials of profits as gained by constructing the dam but can be compensated for by powers consumption revenues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Social (External) Costs of NOx, SO2 and CO2 Emissions from Energy Sector (Power Plants) in Iran
Nastaran Rahimi Narges Kargari Hassan Samadyar Mohamman Nikkhah MonfaredIn this research social (external) cost of NOx, SO2 and CO2 emissions from energy sector (powerplants) in Iran were estimated. For the first time, we used benefit transfer method and by adjustinginternational coefficients of social costs, these costs estimated for each MoreIn this research social (external) cost of NOx, SO2 and CO2 emissions from energy sector (powerplants) in Iran were estimated. For the first time, we used benefit transfer method and by adjustinginternational coefficients of social costs, these costs estimated for each kind of power plants (includingsteam, gaseous, and combined cycle). Different scenarios in this research are consisting of carbontrading, life statistical indexes, etc. At first level we survey 5 selected power plants (for case study) inIran and then the results generalized to all power plants.Social (external) costs for 3 above mentioned gases; each type of power plants and for one kilowatthours of electricity was estimated. The range of social (external) cost for each Kwh of electricity is690 to 1330 Rials. The results define that average social (external) cost per kilowatt hours is about1330 Rials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Effects of Rangeland Landuse Changing into Dryland from Herbal Species Diversity Viewpoint (Case Study: Rangelands in Dehgolan City, Kurdistan)
Hamid Rahmani Younes Asri Mehdi Ramezani Nematallah Khorasani Hosein MaroofiBackground and Objective: The natural rangeland changing into dryland is one of the important agents for destruction of rangelands in Iran. The destruction and landuse conversion can impress various constituents of rangeland ecosystems. This research mainly attempts to MoreBackground and Objective: The natural rangeland changing into dryland is one of the important agents for destruction of rangelands in Iran. The destruction and landuse conversion can impress various constituents of rangeland ecosystems. This research mainly attempts to investigate the vegetation transitions in species diversity in the years following destruction. Method: The natural rangelands (key area) and the converted adjacent lands into drylands (critical area) were selected for sampling by using random-systematic plan in Dehgolan of Kurdistan Province. Three transects along a slope with 100 m length for each and 50 m distance between them were set at two herbal mentioned areas. Based on minimal area method, five quadrats of one square meter area were set along each transect. The species list with their self-relative frequency was registered in quadrats. The species evenness based on four numerical indices including Simpson's evenness, Camargo, Smith-Wilson and Modified Nee, the species richness according to two indices including Jackknife estimate and Rarefraction method and the species diversity by four indices including Shannon-Wiener, Brillouin, McIntosh and Simpson were analyzed and compared together. Results: 26 herbal species at the natural rangeland and 18 species at the land converted into dryland were gathered. The results obtained from data analysis showed that species diversity and richnessof plants have had degradation and species evenness has dad enhancement at the land converted into dryland. However, statistical T-Test did not show a significant difference between the two mentioned fields. Generally, it was concluded that rangeland changing into dryland reduced the species diversity of range plants and its statistical non-significance was of multiple reasons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Boron removal from contaminated water by two aquatic plants of Zannichellia palustris L. and Ruppia maritima L.
Amir Parnian Mostafa Chorom Nematolah Jaafarzadeh Haghighi FardBackground and Objective: With the increase of population, the demand for proper water resources is increased. Native Iranian aquatic plants have a significant role in self-remediation of water resources. Phytoremediation by aquatic plants is a low cost and effective wa MoreBackground and Objective: With the increase of population, the demand for proper water resources is increased. Native Iranian aquatic plants have a significant role in self-remediation of water resources. Phytoremediation by aquatic plants is a low cost and effective way to increase the quality of waters for different purposes. Method: In this study, phytoremediation of boron-contaminated aquatic environments was examined by cultivating two aquatic plants of Zannichellia palustris L. and Ruppia maritima L. in the greenhouse over 120 h in boron-contaminated water with adding different concentrations (0, 1, 5 and 10 mg L-1). Conclusion: The obtained results showed that these plants are able to uptake high amount of boron, and the boron removal efficiency in both plants observed to be more than 70%. Uptake indices in Zannichellia palustris L. and Ruppia maritima L. were calculated as 0.51 to 8.16 mg per pot and 0.18 to 8.14 mg per pot, respectively. Biomass production measurement index of Zannichellia palustris L. reduced with increase of boron contamination, while this index for Ruppia maritima L. had no significant change, indicating that Ruppia maritima L. has a higher resistance to boron contamination. According to the results, boron phytoremediation of contaminated waters by these plants is proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Investigation of species diversity in medicinal plants of Asadli-Pelmiss summer rangelands in North Khorasan province
Negin Nodehi Mousa AkbarlouAbstract Background and Objective: Species diversity conservation is a main objective in rangelands management. In ecosystem management, the first step is to determine the factors influencing the distribution of species and species diversity, knowing that species divers MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Species diversity conservation is a main objective in rangelands management. In ecosystem management, the first step is to determine the factors influencing the distribution of species and species diversity, knowing that species diversity is correlated with ecosystem parameters. By measuring the diversity, distribution of species in the environment can be studied with an emphasis on the dynamics of ecosystems and proper management recommendations can be presented. Method: In this study, 90 plots (1 m2) were established in the study area in a systematic-randomized manner. Presence and cover percent were determined within each plot.Also identification of medicinal plants, belonging to genus and family, was performed and biological type,life form and growth form were determined. Shannon and McIntosh diversity indices were used to estimate the species diversity of medicinal plants in taxonomic, life form, biological type and growth form levels. Conclusion: The results showed that the species diversity of Asadli-Pelmiss rangelands could be considered as moderate, and the vegetation of the study area was mostly of perennial plants species which is a characteristic of mountainous areas with cold climate in altitudes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Studying the Natural Principles of Water and Plant in Persian Gardens with a Special View to Their Conceptual, Functional and Esthetic Aspects
Hanie OkhovatAmong different natural principles, water and plants are of a more importance. They usually influence the other natural factors. If they are carefully taken into consideration at the time of environmental design, we`ll have a more qualified sustainable living spac MoreAmong different natural principles, water and plants are of a more importance. They usually influence the other natural factors. If they are carefully taken into consideration at the time of environmental design, we`ll have a more qualified sustainable living space which could as well result in economic saving. Meanwhile, it is important to be familiar with the different conceptual, functional and esthetic aspects of the mentioned principles to be able to organize them in a better way. Herein, the wise combination of water and plants in Persian gardens is a remarkable example of its kind which crystallizes a sustainable design with respect to the above aspects. This paper investigates the importance of water, trees and flowers -as leading environmental factors- in Islamic documents in addition to some gnostics viewpoints. The position of these principles in Persian gardens is discussed afterwards. The results show that the Persian garden has a wise, philosophical design concept in which the environmental factors as the water and the plants are arranged, not only to provide people with their phisical needs (Fuctional and Esthetic aspects), but also to prepare them with a metaphysical and intellectual space (Conceptual aspect). These qualities have made the Persian gardens survive over the centuries, while harnessing a great cooperative relationship with nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Estimation of economical values related toMedical plants species of Arjanparishan Lake
Zahra Abedi Mahsa Hosseini Amjad< p >A great numbers of studies have been accomplished in the field of valuation which shows its increasing importance. By economic valuation of the natural resources you can find out to some extend their real value and so prevent the destruction and the irregular More< p >A great numbers of studies have been accomplished in the field of valuation which shows its increasing importance. By economic valuation of the natural resources you can find out to some extend their real value and so prevent the destruction and the irregular consumption of them. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the economic value of the medical- pharmaceutical plants and the market value of different kinds of pharmaceutical plants productions around ParishanLake. In order to estimate the mentioned values, some questionnaires have been provided and filled in this regard. In addition to the determining the values of the pharmaceutical plants through economic valuation methodology and proper method selection, the effective factors in economic valuation of medical- pharmaceutical plants have been detected and on the base of them the questionnaires have been provided. Therefore, regarding the importance of medical- pharmaceutical plants and their inevitable relation with natural resources and their application, this paper is an effort to analyze this relation. The limit of the studied geographical region is as follows: The most important fresh water lake in Iran, located 12 km east of Kazeroun, among FamourMountains. It has an area of almost 36 km2 with a length of 12 km and a width of 3 km. The economic value of the pharmaceutical plants of the region of Arjan and parishan lakes has been estimated after onsite specifying the amount and market price of pharmaceutical plants by groceries during one month and also consumption of pharmaceutical plants mentioned in questionnaires on the basis of market valuation method. The value was estimated by application of E-views software. The obtained value for Arjan and Parishan lakes is estimated 1036588 Toman for one month. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Study of the Consumption of Medicinal Plants of Rangeland Ecosystems and Determination of the Professional Characteristics of these Plants in Isfahan
Mansooreh Ghavam Zeynab SoleimaninejadPlants are one of the first and most accessible sources of treatment. Today, the use of medicinal plants is increasing rapidly. Knowing the taste and approach of communities to taking medicinal plants, as well as paying attention to the views and suggestions of consumer MorePlants are one of the first and most accessible sources of treatment. Today, the use of medicinal plants is increasing rapidly. Knowing the taste and approach of communities to taking medicinal plants, as well as paying attention to the views and suggestions of consumers of medicinal plants, can be a good guide for planners and policy makers of the country's pharmaceutical industry. The demand for medicinal plants is influenced by various cultural and social factors. This research was carried out with the aim of investigating the role of various social factors in the demand of medicinal plants and the impact of rangeland ecosystems on supplying plants in Isfahan. This research was carried out using a survey method. Data from this research was gathered through a questionnaire from 33 selleres of herbal medicine in Isfahan in 2015. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. Cronbach's alpha coefficient equaled 0.877, which proved the credibility of the questionnaire. The results showed that Echium amoenum (57.6%) was purchased as the largest plant, and psychiatric and psychological disorders (79.2%) were the most common cause of referring people to Isfahan's herbal medicine stores. Also, the most medicinal plants purchased by seller of them, have been from rangeland habitats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Investigation on Aspects of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and its Position in Iran’s Electricity Industry
Kioumars Heydari Masoud Kasraee NezhadBackground and Objective: After the scientific community warning, in the united nation framework convention on climate change, principles to avoid emissions was agreed and under the Kyoto protocol was accomplished as the Clean Development Mechanism. In this paper, while MoreBackground and Objective: After the scientific community warning, in the united nation framework convention on climate change, principles to avoid emissions was agreed and under the Kyoto protocol was accomplished as the Clean Development Mechanism. In this paper, while reviewing the dimensions of this mechanism, the situation of Iran's electricity industry was examined from its perspective. Analysis methodology: In this, after reviewing Iran’s situation in the greenhouse gas emissions the elements of CDM including the history, benefits and barriers, economic aspects, methodology and patterns of environmental assessment power plant was reviewed. Then environmental risks of power industry and Iran’s position in that were discussed. Findings: Per capita CO2 emission growth caused by energy consumption, electricity and heat production, in addition central electricity system and the lack of sufficient focus on distributed generation represents not so bright future of power industry from the perspective of environmental indicators in Iran, which of course has been considered by energy and environmental policymakers in recent years. Discussion and Conclusions: To develop clean electricity, this paper recommends: updating systems, focusing on distributed generation and regional power generation, investing in education Clean Development Mechanism and the development of cogeneration power plants (as a successful experiment in increased efficiency and lower emissions in the power generation process in other countries). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Analytical Comparison of Siavash, Osiris and Attis
Mahmoud Rezaee Dashte ArzhanehIn the passionate and poetic story of Siavash in “Shah Name” only the surface structure of the story could be observed although the remains of his fruitful original myth could be pointed out in the rest of “Shah Name”. Siavash is in fact the Ira MoreIn the passionate and poetic story of Siavash in “Shah Name” only the surface structure of the story could be observed although the remains of his fruitful original myth could be pointed out in the rest of “Shah Name”. Siavash is in fact the Iranian God of Fertility of the plants who has been represented as a prince because of his failure in the myth. The present article is an analytic comparison of Siavash with Osiris and Attis. The results of the research show that the mentioned gods have certain similarities. All three have direct relation with nature and its luxuriance. All three have a goddess with affiliated with them, namely Sudabeh, Isis and Sibil who prepare the ground for their death and resurrection (winter and spring). And every year this death and resurrection is repeated for more fertility of nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Measurement of Heavy Metals, Lead and Cadmium, in Ten Major Medicinal Plants in Kermanshah
Somayeh Abdi keyvan shams Soheil KobraeeThe use of medicinal plants plays a vital role in improving the health of human society. Since the plants are the most important transmission route of heavy metals into human food chain and biological cycles, this study which was carried out in 2016, aimed to evaluate t MoreThe use of medicinal plants plays a vital role in improving the health of human society. Since the plants are the most important transmission route of heavy metals into human food chain and biological cycles, this study which was carried out in 2016, aimed to evaluate the heavy metals such as, lead and Cadmium in ten medicinal plants in Kermanshah. After preparing three samples of each medicinal plants, samples were taken from the acid digestion and the accumulated concentrations of the elements were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. This experiment was carried out 3 replications and in the form of the completely randomized design(CRD). Also statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical packages. The results showed that the minimum and maximum concentrations of cadmium were in Liquorice and Betony (13.7 and 90.7µg. Kg-1 respectively) and also minimum and maximum concentrations of lead were in Dill and Chamomile (9.91 and 20.73µg. Kg-1 respectively). The mean accumulated concentration of any studied elements in specimen is not greater than the WHO approved guidelines. Therefore, the consumption of medicinal plants has no consequences of health hazard for consumers but considering that these medicinal plants have been used extensively in the Kermanshah and harvest and preparation are undisclosed locations, and probability bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the long term will bring, then continuous monitoring of accumulated amounts of heavy metals in medicinal plants is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Investigating the essential oil of the medicinal plant Thymus (Thymus vulgaris L.) in the production of probiotic dairy products by determining the viability of bacteria
farah farahani Alireza Tammimi Mohammad Reza Khatami nejadPurpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the essential oil of the medicinal plant Thymus vulgaris L. in the production of probiotic dairy products by determining the viability. Materials and methods: Thyme essential oil is used as a flavoring agent MorePurpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the essential oil of the medicinal plant Thymus vulgaris L. in the production of probiotic dairy products by determining the viability. Materials and methods: Thyme essential oil is used as a flavoring agent in the production of traditional and industrial dairy products (yogurt, buttermilk, and curd). To produce probiotic products and pasteurized dairy products, bacteria are inoculated and different concentrations of thyme essential oil (0, 25, 40, 70, 100 and 130 micrograms/ liter) are added to dairy products. The viability of bacteria in dairy products is checked at specific time intervals (0, 4, 8, 12 and 20 days). Findings: By increasing the concentration of thyme in traditional and industrial dairy products, there is a significant decrease in the logarithm of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium bacteria (P<0.05). The highest viability of bacteria was observed with low concentrations of thyme in traditional yogurt, and with moderate amounts of essential oil in buttermilk and traditional curd, within 20 days. The highest viability of bacteria is in yogurt and industrial butter with high concentration and in industrial curd with a decrease in the amount of essential oil. The highest viability of Bifidobacterium bacteria is found with high concentrations of thyme in yogurt, buttermilk and traditional curd (P<0.05), also with low concentrations of thyme in industrial yogurt and buttermilk, and with high concentrations in industrial curd. Conclusion: In industrial dairy products with thyme, the viability of Bifidobacterium bacteria is longer, and in traditional dairy products, the shelf life of Lactobacillus bacteria is longer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Floristic and chorological survey of plants in Miandar region in Gilangharb city
Elahyar Kamari Maryam Mohammadi Ayoub Razmjo Ahmad KhazaeiiPurpose: The purpose of the current research is to investigate the floristics and chorology of plants in Miandar region in Gilangreb city.Materials and Methods: After preparing a map (scale: 1:25000) and viewing photos and determining the geographical area of the regi MorePurpose: The purpose of the current research is to investigate the floristics and chorology of plants in Miandar region in Gilangreb city.Materials and Methods: After preparing a map (scale: 1:25000) and viewing photos and determining the geographical area of the region, plants were collected in late winter and all months of spring and summer seasons of 2013. The collected samples were pressed dry and pasted on herbarium cardboards according to the conventional method.Findings: The collection of plants in Miandar region is more than 229 plant species belonging to 41 genera and 148 genera. Asteraceae families (33 species, 14.41 percent), papilionaceae (22 species, 9.6 percent), poaceae (19 species, 8.3 percent), Apiaceae (16 species, 6.99 percent), Lamiaceae (15 species, 55 (6.6%) and Liliaceae (12 species, 5.24%) are the most important plant families in the region, which include 51.09% of all species. Astraglus (10 species), Silene (5 species), Euphorbia (5 species) are among the largest plant genera in the studied area. In terms of biological form, 40.6% of species are hemicryptophytes, 35.38% are trophites, 11.36% are cryptophytes, 8.3% are phanerophytes, 3.94% are camphytes and 0.44% are geophytes.Conclusion: The study of the geographical distribution of the Miandar region flora showed that the most geographical distribution is in the Iranian-Turanian region with 122 species (53.27%) and the Iranian-Turanian/Mediterranean region with 34 species (14.85%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The Use of Nanoemulsion-based Strategies to Improve Corrosion inhibition Efficiency of Herbal Extract Inhibitors
Meysam Ahmadi-Zeidabadi Razieh Razavi Mahnaz Amiri Seyed Hamzeh Hosseini Maryam Payandeh -
Open Access Article
27 - Preliminary Design of a Pressurized Liquid Extraction Unit for Phytochemicals Extraction
Aazam Sasani Abbas Rashidi -
Open Access Article
28 - Interactive identification for dodders of Iran
Kazem DadkhahipourDodders are parasitic flowering plants and accurate identification is very important. Using a software programming with VB.net named as "Dodders of Iran" was designed and developed. This application provides information in text, numerical and descriptive 34 ID contains MoreDodders are parasitic flowering plants and accurate identification is very important. Using a software programming with VB.net named as "Dodders of Iran" was designed and developed. This application provides information in text, numerical and descriptive 34 ID contains 18 species, two subspecies and 14 varieties along with their distribution points were set based on interactive identification keys. The common operating systems such as Windows for this software is applicable and learn more and download a provisional version especially since the results of this paper are introduced. Thus, given the importance of the diversity and distribution of dodders, such as the ability to update information facilities, the possibility of use in field conditions, applicable even for non experts, the possibility of combining morphological and molecular characteristics, technical reports, extension and localization of technical knowledge for weed identification and can be extended to identify even for quarantine species, is noteworthy in this application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Management of large energy storage power plants: optimization of charging and discharging with cuckoo search algorithm
Behnam Motalebinejad Majid Hosseina Mojtaba Vahedi Mahmoud Samiei MoghaddamThey are directly integrated into smart distribution networks and can supply stored energy during peak demand periods, while absorbing and storing energy during periods of low demand. This capability helps maintain a balance between supply and demand in power grids, pre MoreThey are directly integrated into smart distribution networks and can supply stored energy during peak demand periods, while absorbing and storing energy during periods of low demand. This capability helps maintain a balance between supply and demand in power grids, preventing voltage fluctuations and the inability to meet peak loads during high-demand hours. Thanks to technological advancements, it is now possible to upgrade large-scale energy storage facilities. The modern architecture and technology of these facilities facilitate the efficient utilization of renewable energy sources, significantly reducing energy costs and increasing energy efficiency. Additionally, through the use of artificial intelligence algorithms and optimization techniques, the performance and operations of large-scale energy storage facilities can be enhanced. This article focuses on the management of large-scale energy storage facilities, introducing innovative measures that include constraints on the number of charge and discharge processes. Furthermore, the use of the advanced Fakete search algorithm is employed as a powerful and efficient method for solving the proposed model. This algorithm has the capability to find global optimal solutions and can significantly improve the efficiency and profitability of large-scale energy storage facilities. Simulation results demonstrate that adopting this approach in managing large-scale energy storage facilities leads to significant economic impacts. These impacts include reduced energy costs, increased efficiency, greater independence from fossil fuel resources, the preservation of grid stability, and improved performance of the power transmission system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Optimizing Solar Radiation Prediction Based on The Internet of Things Platform in Photovoltaic Power Plant
Neda Ashrafi Khozani Maryam Mahmoudi Shabnam Nasr EsfahaniThe solar radiation value parameter is one of the most important parameters in determining the output power value of photovoltaic panels. Accurate prediction of this parameter is crucial for dispatching and load management planning. Managers and designers encounter econ MoreThe solar radiation value parameter is one of the most important parameters in determining the output power value of photovoltaic panels. Accurate prediction of this parameter is crucial for dispatching and load management planning. Managers and designers encounter economic and managerial challenges due to the uncertainty and difficulty in predicting solar radiation levels. This research introduces a highly accurate prediction method utilizing tree-based methods, enhanced by meta-heuristic algorithms to boost performance. The proposed method emphasizes preventing overfitting and ensuring high reliability for use in Internet of Things systems. Meta-heuristic algorithms are utilized for optimizing tree-based methods, as well as for feature and instance selection. Employing meta-heuristic methods as the main innovation in this research not only optimizes machine learning model settings but also mitigates the impact of noise, outliers, and ineffective inputs, thereby enhancing the final output quality. Utilizing an innovative fitness function in model optimization enhances prediction accuracy and adaptability to real photovoltaic power plant environments. The final outcome is a strong model that has a score of 0.95 with the R-square criterion and is optimal model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The Representation of Parables and Symbols in flowers and plantes, as Depicted in Saeb Tabrizis Poems
M. Alimi S. A. H. KazerouniThis chirpy poet has proceeded to make use of Aesthetic elements to create mental images and symbols in flowers and plants. The most important literary element in Saeb’s poems is parable, that establishes an equation of metaphorical relationship. Accordingly, a he MoreThis chirpy poet has proceeded to make use of Aesthetic elements to create mental images and symbols in flowers and plants. The most important literary element in Saeb’s poems is parable, that establishes an equation of metaphorical relationship. Accordingly, a hemistich should be reasonable; other important elements found in Saeb Tabrizi’s poem is, paradox, opacity, parables, and metonym. Ultimately, an attempt is made in this article to show that Saeb in his sonnets has been innovative in expression. He has createed beautiful and new themes establishing relationship between man and nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Antioxidant properties of various extract from selected wild Moroccan aromatic and medicinal species
Ayoub Kasrati Chaima Alaoui Jamali Abdelaziz Abbad -
Open Access Article
33 - Preliminary phytochemical screening for antioxidant activity and content of phenols and flavonoids of 18 species of plants native to western Ecuador
Shirley Moncayo Xavier Cornejo Jhon Castillo Viviana Valdez -
Open Access Article
34 - Sphenocentrum jollyanum Pierre (Menispermaceae): From traditional medicine to pharmacological activity and chemical constituents
Idayat Akinwumi Mubo Sonibare -
Open Access Article
35 - An overview of traditional medicinal plants as dengue virus inhibitors
Dluya Thagriki Upasana Ray -
Open Access Article
36 - A review of selected herbs responsible for wound management
Priya Agrawal Mayank Jain -
Open Access Article
37 - Bioactive essential oils from the Cameroonian rain forest: A review - Part II
Jean Duplex Wansi Norbert Sewald Lutfun Nahar Claire Martin Satyajit Dey Sarker -
Open Access Article
38 - Veronica crista-galli Steven and Veronica persica Poir. as anticancer and antioxidant plants in-vitro
Maryam Mohadjerani Sedigheh Asadollahi -
Open Access Article
39 - Evaluation of some medicinal plants for anti-tuberculosis activity from Adamawa state, Nigeria
Mohammed Shagal Hassan Dimas Kubmarawa Peters Oladosu Sunday Akuewanbhor Osemeahon -
Open Access Article
40 - Study of the antileukemic activity of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. ethanolic extract and fractions
Gabriele Taumaturgo Mororó José Roberto de Oliveira Ferreira Michel Mualén de Morais Alves Nayana Bruna Nery Monção Laís Campos Teixeira de Carvalho-Gonçalves Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes Citó Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira Fernando Aécio de Amorim Carvalho Juan Carlos Ramos Gonçalves -
Open Access Article
41 - Bioactive essential oils from the Cameroonian rain forest: A review - Part I
Jean Duplex Wansi Norbert Sewald Lutfun Nahar Claire Martin Satyajit Dey Sarker -
Open Access Article
42 - The Experience of Brain Death Patientsâ Families Regarding Communication and Familiarity with the Family and the Receptor of the Body Tissue
hidar ali abedi mahbubeh mohammadi dastja gholamhossin abdeyazdanThe aim of this study was to clarify the experience of brain death patients’ families regarding communication and familiarity with the family and the receptor of the body tissue by using a qualitative method. This study was done by applying a qualitative and phenomeno MoreThe aim of this study was to clarify the experience of brain death patients’ families regarding communication and familiarity with the family and the receptor of the body tissue by using a qualitative method. This study was done by applying a qualitative and phenomenological research approach. For this purpose, the unstructured and deep interviews were conducted with 5 families of cerebral death patients who donated the tissue and who were in communication with the receptors of the tissue so that the families stated their experiences about this phenomenon. The data resulted from this interviews were analyzed using Colaaizi method. The findings of this survey may be classified within four general concepts donation intent, the requirement of appreciation, feeling lonely and domination. The findings of this study could present a clear view of cerebral death patients families experiences who were in communication with the receptors. The experiences of these families showed that familiarity and communication with each other requires the involvement of psychologists and counseling professionals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Site selection of solar power plant using Geospatial Information System and climatic data (Case study: Ilam province)
Hoda Ahmadi Jafar Morshedi Farideh AzimiThe aim of this study was to determine the appropriate location for the construction of solar power plants according to the criteria and factors of climate (temperature, radiation, precipitation, sundial, evaporated), topography (elevation, slope, aspect, distance to fa MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the appropriate location for the construction of solar power plants according to the criteria and factors of climate (temperature, radiation, precipitation, sundial, evaporated), topography (elevation, slope, aspect, distance to fault), environment (user land, rivers) and human environment (residential areas, roads) in Geographical information system (GIS) and hierarchical model in Ilam province. According to the importance and role of these factors, the statistics of parameters were analyzed in the software Excel and map of each criterion was prepared in GIS and the weight of each criterion was determined by Analytical hierarchical process (AHP). ArcGIS®9.3 software was utilized for the modeling and integration of data to produce the map of solar plant construction in four different classes (poor, moderate, good and very good). The results showed that the zones in very good class covered an area of 1510812500 m2;thus, the southern and western regions of Ilam province are the best places for the construction of solar power plants. Results also showed that GIS as a decision support system and AHP as a flexible model are appropriate for modeling spatial data and positioning the right place of solar power plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Assessing the potential of beekeeping and determination of attractiveness range plants used bee by using geographic information system in Char-Bagh summer rangelands, Golestan
Reza Yari Gholam Ali Heshmati Hamed RafieiThe aim of this study is to assess the potential of beekeeping and determination of attractiveness range plants used bee by geographic information system (GIS) in 2015 in Char-Bagh summer rangeland, Golestan. Accordingly, the final model of beekeeping potential of combi MoreThe aim of this study is to assess the potential of beekeeping and determination of attractiveness range plants used bee by geographic information system (GIS) in 2015 in Char-Bagh summer rangeland, Golestan. Accordingly, the final model of beekeeping potential of combining the four main criteria of nectar and pollen composition of plants (20 points), distance from water sources (10 points), roads and access routes (10 points) and the average temperature during the course of beekeeping (10 points) was determined. After the vegetation type’s floristic-physiognomic method, sampling the vegetation types in the area delimitation random-systematic method to deploy 3 transects 300 m and 30 plots were made according to the type of vegetation. Water resources map as well as the road map was drawn using Global position system (GPS), field visit and geographic information system (GIS). Nectar and pollen 134 plant species from 80 genera and 31 plant families’ favorite bee detected. Family Asteraceae, Lamiaceae and Fabaceae, respectively, with 29 (21.8%), 23 (29.17%) and 19 (14.28%) species with the highest frequency nectar and pollen plants in the region. The results showed that plants attractive class II and III, the most appearances (60.9%) and class V least of (2.3%) in the region and with regard to regular visits on the field and during the flowering period May to August are the most plants in Char-Bagh summer rangelands. The results show that using the GIS module beekeeping potential of the pasture area 17.62% (1562.4 hectares) average potential in the floor (S2), 72.41% (6419.76 hectares) on the low potential (S3) and 9.96% (883.5 ha) in the class of potential (N) is located. According to the results area of about 90.03% (7982.17 hectares) has been potential the principles of apiculture, beekeeping can be attempted with the principles and also earn money by reducing grazing pasture helped to revive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Vegetation classification based on wetland index using object based classification of satellite images (Case study: Anzali wetland)
Maryam Haghighi Khomami Mohammad Javad Tajaddod Mokaram Ravanbakhsh Fariborz Jamalzad FallahBackground and ObjectiveRecently, a lot of studies have been done in Anzali wetland as one of the most important wetlands of Ramsar Convention, which has a high cost due to the nature and geographical location of the wetland. Advances in technology have made it possible MoreBackground and ObjectiveRecently, a lot of studies have been done in Anzali wetland as one of the most important wetlands of Ramsar Convention, which has a high cost due to the nature and geographical location of the wetland. Advances in technology have made it possible to evaluate natural environments more accurately, fast, and low cost with remote sensing data due to their easy accessibility, high accuracy, extensive and reproducible coverage in terms of time and space, and information extraction in a relatively short time. Because one of the most important problems in studying vegetation changes is the lack of accurate spatial information over time. Satellite imagery and remote sensing technology make it possible to achieve a better program for environmental management by relying on the information produced by it. In this study, the vegetation classification of Anzali wetland was done by using the technique of Object base classifications of Landsat image incorporation with fieldwork based on the wetland index of plants as well as the vegetation index (NDVI) of the study area were analyzed. Wetland vegetation classification maps can be used to identify the amount and type of cover and planning to maintain and rehabilitate the wetland. Materials and Methods In this study, a vegetation map based on the wetland index is considered as one of the required criteria for ecological demarcation of wetlands. First, the general vegetation areas of the wetland on the coast and around it were identified. Then, vegetation data of wetland aquatic species were collected from different wetland areas in 0.25 m2 plots. In the land margin area, the wetland species of the wetland margin were collected with a 1 m2 plot. A total of 42 plots were collected during the spring and summer of 2019. After preparing the required images, their preprocessing including geometric, atmospheric, radiometric corrections and image enhancement were performed using ENVI. Landsat 8 Image on July 29, 1998, with a spatial resolution of 30 meters was used to classify vegetation and prepare a map of vegetation index (NDVI) and image of Sentinel-2 satellite (July 98) due to 10 m of the ground resolution was used to combine with Landsat 8 data as auxiliary data in image classification. The combining of these two images improves the spatial resolution also preserves the spectral values of the multispectral image. The object-based classification was performed on the integrated Landsat 8 image using training data from field work. The classification accuracy was evaluated for each class using experimental samples as ground control points and the classification error matrix was extracted. Results and Discussion First, the dominant plants and representatives of their wetland index were identified by field work. Then, the relative percentage of dominant plant cover at the sampling site was calculated according to the standard list of identified plant species, and Plants were divided into two groups of wetland and non-wetland based on the wetland index. From the classification of plot species in 42 plots, 180 plant species were identified in 124 genera and 48 families. Also, four groups of wetland plants were: obligate wetland plants (OBL), facultative and obligate wetland plants (OBL & FACW), facultative upland, and facultative wetland plants (FACU & FACW), and facultative wetland plants (FACW). A vegetation map was prepared from a combination of terrestrial samples and object base classification of the 2019 Landsat satellite OLI image sensor. The accuracy of the classified maps was evaluated based on the kappa coefficient and overall accuracy. The overall accuracy is 88.62% and the kappa coefficient is 84%. The Plant distribution was determined based on satellite image classification: OBL plants were observed in the water zone (west and Sorkhankol wetland margin), FACW plants were observed mostly in the dry margin and mainly in the southwest of the wetland (Siahkeshim wetland) and Choukam Wildlife Sanctuary in the eastern part of the wetland, OBL & FACW group with less uniform distribution was observed in the whole area and FACU & FACW group was observed in a small part in Choukam, north, and northwest of the wetland. The percentage of vegetation density map retrieved from the NDVI index shows the distribution of dense vegetation cover in different parts of the wetland and the limitation of the water level of the wetland bed. Conclusion The results of the satellite imagery study and their classification according to terrestrial samples showed that the spread and dispersal of obligate wetland species (OBL) were limited to water parts of the wetlands so that the highest distribution of these plants were in the west of the Anzali wetland and Sorkhankol. The spread of facultative wetland species (FACW) was in the arid areas of the wetland, which indicates the upland areas of the wetland in Siahkeshim (southwest) and Choukam (east). The result of image classification showed the percentage of plant group in each class: the agricultural class (with a present level of 23.9%) and the group of facultative species (FACW) (with a present level of 23.6% and mostly Phragmites, Alnus, and Salix species) have the top percentage of image classification classes of Anzali Wetland. This indicates more presence of facultative species compared to obligate species of wetland (OBL) (with a present level of 10.1%) and the level of agricultural land occupation, showed the wetland drying. The percentage of vegetation at the wetland level was assessed with the vegetation index (NDVI), most of which belongs to dense vegetation. Due to the fact that the satellite image is related to the summer season, this map shows the distribution of vegetation in different parts and the water level of the wetland bed, which has reduced the amount of water levels in the wetland. Periodic review of vegetation and its ecological changes provides useful information on changes in the water and ecological resources of the wetland to plan for its maintenance as an important ecosystem in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Wind farm site selection based on geospatial multi-criteria and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) (Case study: Bushehr province)
Tayebeh Tabatabaei Fazel AmiriThe aim of this paper is site selection for wind farm based on multi-criteria; climate (wind speed, dominant wind speed and temperature), geography (elevation, slope), socio-economic (distance from roads, distance from cities, distance from the villages), environmental MoreThe aim of this paper is site selection for wind farm based on multi-criteria; climate (wind speed, dominant wind speed and temperature), geography (elevation, slope), socio-economic (distance from roads, distance from cities, distance from the villages), environmental (distance from protected areas, landuse, distance from the river), and geological (distance from the earthquake, distance to faults) in a geographic information systems (GIS) using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in the Bushehr province. According to the role and influence of these criteria, preferences site map is implemented in ArcGIS®10.1 software. Weight of criteria and alternative are determined using AHP in ExpertChoice2000 software. For modeling, spatial analysis and integration layers ArcGIS®10.1 setting was used and the zoning map was obtained at four different classes (very high, high, moderate and low). The results of the site suitability assessment by AHP showed that site NE located at Bushehr province was the most suitable area for locating the wind farm, with covers area of 566218 ha, 24.8% of the total area. Furthermore, the map provides the foundation for decision makers in develop the wind farm location. Finally, the results indicate that GIS as a decision support system, can also prepare the data and the model priorities and expert opinions in relation to various factors in selecting an appropriate location and design is very efficient will help to build power plants. The results indicate that the AHP than other methods of high flexibility in modeling the geospatial data on site selection of wind farm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The fauna of harmful and beneficial arthropods of medicinal and range plants in Isfahan
M. R. Bagheri M. Nasr IsfahaniMedicinal plant fields of Shahid Fozveh, Kabootar Abad and Djannat Abad for Agriculture and Natural Resource Research Stations and Kashan Botanical Garden were surveyed, during 1999-2003. Pests and beneficial arthropods were collected by different methods. Collected spe MoreMedicinal plant fields of Shahid Fozveh, Kabootar Abad and Djannat Abad for Agriculture and Natural Resource Research Stations and Kashan Botanical Garden were surveyed, during 1999-2003. Pests and beneficial arthropods were collected by different methods. Collected specimens were identified through valid sources and/or specialists of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP) and Agriculture Faculty, Isfahan University of Technology (IUT). In this research, 41 pest and 21 beneficial species were collected and identified on 40 medicinal and range plants in Isfahan province, as follows: a) The pests: Class: Insecta Order: Lepidoptera Pieris rapae Lecerf, Helicoverpa armigera Huebner, Caradrina exigua Hüebner, Agrotis segetum Schiff, Plusia gamma L., Eublemma parva Hüebner Order: Orthoptera Aiolopus sp., Acrotylus sp., Sphingonotus sp., Heteracris sp., Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L. Order: Coleoptera Sitona humeralis Steph., Sitona puncticollis Steph., Apion aestivum Schiff., Larinus flavescens Germ., Larinus liliputanus Fst., Spermophagus sericeus Geoffr., Anthrenus verbasci L., Anthrenus vorax Water, Anthrenus sp. Order: Hemiptera Graphosuma criticum L., Macrostelles leavis Ribaut, Empoasaca sp., Austroagalia sinuata Mulsant & Rey, Aphis gossypii Glover, A. nerii Boy.de.Fons., Uroleucon (Uromolan) compositae Theobald, Pleotrichophorus grandolosus Kalt., Brachycaudus helichrysi Kalt., Eucarazzia elegans Ferrari, Hyadaphis sphondyti Koch, Parlatoria ephedrae Lindinger, Ephedraphis ephedrae New. Order: Diptera Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi Order: Thysanoptera Thrips tabaci Lindeman Class: Arachnida Order: Trombidiformes Tetranychus urticae Koch Class: Gastropoda Order:Pulmonata Helicella krynickii Krynicki, H. candeharica Pfeiffer b) Beneficial arthropods: Class: Insecta Order: Coleoptera Coccinella septempunctata L , Oenopia conglobata L., Hippodamia variegata Goeze, Adalia bipunctata L., Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata L., Scymnus syriacus Marseul, Chilochorus bipustulatus L., Stethorus punctillum weise, S. gilvifrons Mulsant Order: Thysanoptera 131 Aeolothrips fasciatus (L.), Aeolothrips intermedius Bagnall Order: Hemiptera Orius albidipennis (Reuter) Order: Neuroptera Chrysoperlla carnea Stephens Order: Hymenoptera Antistrophoplex conthurnatus Masi, Bracon hebetor Say Class: Arachnida Order:Araneae Misumena vatia Clerk, Nigma flavescents Walckenaer, Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, Heliophanus cupreus Walckenaer, Dictyna sp.Juvenile, Xysticus sp. Juvenile Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Faunestic study of Aphids (Hem., Sternorrhyncha; Aphidae) in Kermanshah region
S. Ghahramani Nezhad M. Shayan Mehr M. T. TohidiBecause of the importance role of these insects, the present study investigates Aphididae fauna on different host plants from different regions of Kermanshah (the City in the southwest of Iran) was studied during 2010-2011. The collected aphid specimens were kept in eth MoreBecause of the importance role of these insects, the present study investigates Aphididae fauna on different host plants from different regions of Kermanshah (the City in the southwest of Iran) was studied during 2010-2011. The collected aphid specimens were kept in ethanol 75% and then mounted on microscopic slides for identification to species level. Additionally, in order to better identification of the aphids’ species, the host plants were collected and identified by professional botanists. The identified species of Aphididae were confirmed by professional experts in Iran. Altogether 25 species belonging to 13 genus of the family were collected and identified in different regions of Kermanshah. All species reported for the first time from Kermanshah. All identified species are kept as permanent microscopic slides in the entomology laboratory, department of plant protection, faculty of plant production, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural resources. The collected and Identified Aphididae are listed as follow: Acyrthosiphon gossypii Mordvilko,1914, Acyrthosiphon malvae ssp. geranii Gillette & Palmer, 1929, Aphis craccivora Koch, 1855, Aphis euphorbiae Kaltenbach, 1843, Aphis idaei Koch, Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763, Aphis punicae Pass, Aphis umbrella Boerner, 1950, Aphis verbasci Schrank, 1801, Brachycaudus (Acaudus) cardui (Linne, 1758), Brachycaudus (Acaudus) iranicus Davatchi & Rememaudiere, 1953, Brachycaudus (Acaudus) tragopogonis Kaltenbach, 1843, Dysaphis plantaginea Pass, Hyadaphis foeniculi Pass., 1860 , Hyalopterus pruni Geoffroy, Hyperomyzus lactucae Linne, 1758, Macrosiphum rosae, Myzus persicae Sulzer, 1776, Nasonovia ribisnigri Mosley, 1841, Rhopalosiphum padi L., 1756, Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch, 1856, Sitobion fragariae Walker, 1848, Uroleucon cichorii Koch, 1855, Uroleucon compositae Theobald, 1915, Uroleucon sonchi Linne, 1767. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The Broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), a résumé of a widely distributed invasive species and plants pest
R. A. Baker M. ArbabiThis paper deals with some of the current issuers involving Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), a plant feeding invasive mite which is a destructive pest worldwide. Heavy infestations can cause serious damage to a large number of plant families especially in commercial g MoreThis paper deals with some of the current issuers involving Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), a plant feeding invasive mite which is a destructive pest worldwide. Heavy infestations can cause serious damage to a large number of plant families especially in commercial glasshouses. Aspects of the biology will be considered including a brief reference to control measures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Influence of different host plants of English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on some life table parameters of ladybird, Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
M. Ghafouri Moghaddam A. Golizadeh M. Hassanpour H. Rafee-Dastjerdi J. RazmjouThe effect of four host plants of English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) including wheat, Triticum aestivum var. Tajan, barley, Hordeum vulgare var. Dasht, corn, Zea mays var. Single cross 704 and sorghum, Sorghum durra var. Speed, on so MoreThe effect of four host plants of English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) including wheat, Triticum aestivum var. Tajan, barley, Hordeum vulgare var. Dasht, corn, Zea mays var. Single cross 704 and sorghum, Sorghum durra var. Speed, on some life table parameters of ladybird, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were evaluated under laboratory conditions at 25±1°C, 65±5% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L: D). The gross fecundity rate and gross fertility rate were 500.50, 447.06, 604.33 and 378.61 eggs/female and the net fecundity rate and net fertility rate were 412.09, 405.60, 538.54 and 309.56 eggs/female on the above-mentioned cultivars, respectively. The highest and lowest value of the net fertility rate was 538.54 and 309.56 eggs/female on corn and sorghum, respectively. Also, the values of daily reproduction rates, number of eggs laid per female per day and mean number of fertile eggs per female per day, varied from 8.20 to 7.72 eggs/female, which was minimum on sorghum and maximum on corn. The life expectancy of one-day-old adults of the H. variegata was estimated 47.90, 43.90, 52.78 and 38.60 days on the above-mentioned cultivars, respectively. The comparison of reproduction parameters of H. variegata on host plants indicated that this predator has higher reproduction potential on corn. However, the results showed that four host plant species of S. avenae were acceptable for the growth, development and reproduction of this predator. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The role of host-plants resistance on development of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep., Plutellidae) in laboratory
M. Jafary J. Karimzadeh H. Farazmand M. R. RezapanahHost-plant resistance is one of the effective and sustainable strategies in pest management programs against diamond-back moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae). In this regard, the effect of host plant type on life-histo MoreHost-plant resistance is one of the effective and sustainable strategies in pest management programs against diamond-back moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae). In this regard, the effect of host plant type on life-history parameters, such as survival and developmental period of P. xylostella was determined under the constant environmental condition. The experiments were carried out with five host plants, including Brassica pekinensis (Chinese cabbage) cv. Hero, B. oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower) cv. Royal, B. oleracea var. capitata (common cabbage) cv. Globe Master and cv. Red Dynasty, and B. napus (rape) cv. SLM046. Batches of 10 neonate P. xylostella larvae were placed on leaf discs within individual Petri dishes (6 cm dia.) containing a moistened filter paper. To prevent starvation of larvae, the leaf discs were replaced every 24 h. Pupae were transferred to Petri dishes and kept until eclosion. Life stage and mortality were recorded every 24 h until all the insects had either died or emerged as adults. Each treatment (plant) was replicated 17 times (in total, 170 host larvae for each plant). The results showed that there were significant differences between host plants for life-history parameters measured. The highest and lowest developmental times (from neonate larva to eclosion) of the host occurred on Red Dynasty (17.3 days) and Hero (10.5 days), respectively. The most survival (from neonate larva to eclosion) of the host was observed on Hero (72%), whereas the least survival happened on Red Dynasty (16%) and SLM046 (20%). The mean pupal weight of the hosts fed on Hero (4.3 mg) was significantly greater than that on Royal (3.8 mg) and Red Dynasty (3.7 mg), which in turn, were significantly greater than that on SLM046 (2.9 mg). These results indicated that Hero was the most susceptible host plant to be attacked by P. xylostella, whereas Red Dynasty and SLM046 were partially resistant compared to other host plants. These findings emphasize on using the partially-resistant varieties such as Red Dynasty and SLM046 in pest management programs against diamondback moth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Fumigant toxicity and repellency effects of some plant essential oils on 5th and 6th larval instars and adults of Tribolium confusum (Col.: Tenebrionidae)
S. Karimi A. Ghassemi-Kahrizeh M. H. KazemiThe mortality and repellency effects of essential oils of four plants including Myrtus (Myrtus comminus L.), Lindens (Tilia cordata M.), Stachys (Stachys lavandulifolia V.) and Walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaves against 5th and 6th larval instars and adults of Tribolium c MoreThe mortality and repellency effects of essential oils of four plants including Myrtus (Myrtus comminus L.), Lindens (Tilia cordata M.), Stachys (Stachys lavandulifolia V.) and Walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaves against 5th and 6th larval instars and adults of Tribolium confusum Duval (Col.: Tenebrionidae) were studied. The essential oil were obtained by hydrodistillation method, using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus. The bioassay experiments were carried out at 27±1 °C and 65±5 % R.H. in dark condition. in Completely Randomized Design with 5 replications after periods of 24, 48, and 72 hours after exposure to essential oils. The repelling effect of the essential oils was tested under darkness condition using Y-tube Olfactometer. The results showed that the Myrtus comminus essence had mortality effects on all three stages, while the other essences had no mortality effects on the pest at very high concentration of 2174 µL/L air. The LC50 values of Myrtus comminus for adults and 5th and 6th larval instars after 24 hours was 181.505, 400.525 and 383.180 μL/L air and after 48 hours these values were 163.935, 378.153 and 362.569 µL/L air. These values after 72 hours were 153.081, 366.746 and 342.052 µL/L air for adults and 5th and 6th instars larvae, respectively. Analysis of variances of the data related to the repellency effects of the studied essential oils (in two concentration of 1000 and 3000 ppm) showed significant differences between three studied stages (P < 0.05). The results of this study showed that the susceptibility of adults to the essential oil of Mirtus comminus was higher than the 5th and 6th instars larvae. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - An overview of fish pathogenic bacteria and the effect of medicinal plants against
mehdi jahane Reza Rouhani maryam bigomi zahra bigomi Fatima Farzaneh saeide saeidiAbstract:Indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat bacterial diseases in aquaculture has caused the emergence of drug resistance in bacterial strains and reduced the effectiveness of drugs, in addition, it has caused the accumulation of antibiotics in the body of fish MoreAbstract:Indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat bacterial diseases in aquaculture has caused the emergence of drug resistance in bacterial strains and reduced the effectiveness of drugs, in addition, it has caused the accumulation of antibiotics in the body of fish and fish consumers. Therefore, it seems necessary to replace less harmful substances, including plant products. The aim of this study is to review fish pathogenic bacteria and the effect of medicinal plants on them.Materials and methods:In this study, valid scientific articles indexed in ISI, SID, PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, Web of Science databases were examined using Persian keywords drug resistance, fish pathogenic bacteria, medicinal plants.Results:A review of the studies shows that medicinal plants and their compounds are able to destroy fish pathogenic bacteria and infections caused by them in different concentrations.Discussion:According to the obtained results, medicinal plants can be suggested for the treatment of infections caused by fish pathogenic bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Investigating the antimicrobial properties of the medicinal plants Psidium guajava, Nerium oleander, Sinapis alba, Satureja hortensis against Salmonella typhimurium.
Betol Heydari Sadegh Reza Rouhani Nages Dahmardeh Fereshteh JavadianSalmonellosis is one of the most important common diseases of humans and animals worldwide, which causes food poisoning, gastroenteritis, enteric fever and bacteremia in humans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial properties of the medicinal pl MoreSalmonellosis is one of the most important common diseases of humans and animals worldwide, which causes food poisoning, gastroenteritis, enteric fever and bacteremia in humans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial properties of the medicinal plants Psidium guajava, Nerium oleander, Sinapis alba, Satureja hortensis on Salmonella Typhimurium.Materials and methods:Salmonella typhimurium samples were isolated from poultry feces, extracts of Psidium guajava, Nerium oleander, Sinapis alba, Satureja hortensis plants were prepared using a rotary device, and the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum lethal concentration were determined by the microdilution method, and the diameter of the inhibition zone was determined by the well method.Results:The results of the investigation of the inhibition halo diameter of plant extracts showed that the maximum and minimum inhibition halo diameters of P.guajava plant extract were 8 and 1 mm, and the maximum and minimum inhibition halo diameters of N.oleander flower extract were 15 and 1 mm. The maximum and minimum diameters of the inhibition zone of S.alba extract on Salmonella typhimurium were 12 and 1 mm, and the minimum and maximum diameters of the inhibition zone of S.hortensis extract on Salmonella typhimurium were 1 and 4 mm, and the results showed that that the smallest diameter of the inhibition halo was related to the salty extract.Discuss:The results of this study showed that medicinal plants have shown good inhibitory effects on Salmonella Typhimurium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The Effect of the Extracts of the Medicinal Plants Otostegia persica, Teucrium polium, and Artemisia aucheri on the Yield and Yield Components of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Asghr Sadeghi Chahnasir Abolhossein Aboutalebi Jahromi Behnam Behrooznam Hamed Hassanzadeh Khankahdani Abdolkarim EjraeiMedicinal plants and their products have gained a special value and position in recent years due to factors such as high economic value and low cost of their production. This research was conducted in a complete randomized block design with 8 treatments (Golder 5 and 10 MoreMedicinal plants and their products have gained a special value and position in recent years due to factors such as high economic value and low cost of their production. This research was conducted in a complete randomized block design with 8 treatments (Golder 5 and 10%, Kalpura 5 and 10%, Dermene 5 and 10%, Golder 5% + Kalpore 5% + Dermene 5% and custom of the region (control). It was performed in Kahnuj, Kerman province. The results showed that the maximum fresh and dry weight of the plant was observed in the control treatment (1150 and 200 grams). The highest yield and marketable yield per hectare (53.8 and 44.7 tons), firmness (4.40 kg/cm2), chlorophyll a, b and total and leaf carotenoids (25.3, 95. 4, 30.2 and 4.36 mg) as well as chlorophyll a and chlorophyll of the whole fruit (0.208 and 0.210 mg) were related to Golder 5 + Calpore 5 + Dermene 5 treatment. The maximum number of fruits per plant (35.7) was observed in Dermene 5% treatment, fruit length (5.84 cm) in Dermene 10% treatment and fruit diameter (5.84 cm) in Golder 10% treatment. According to the obtained results, the combined treatment of the extracts of the medicinal plants Goldar, Calpura, and Dermena resulted in the highest yield, yield components, and fruit quality at the time of harvest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Reflection of Treatment Plants in the Khaghani Poets
Fatemeh Modarresi Foziyah Fattahi GhaziOne of the most striking features of Azerbaiejani - the Khaghani famous poets of this style - a reflection of knowledge and education in their speakers. People are generally aware and informed representatives of this style of Arts and Sciences have been common in his ti MoreOne of the most striking features of Azerbaiejani - the Khaghani famous poets of this style - a reflection of knowledge and education in their speakers. People are generally aware and informed representatives of this style of Arts and Sciences have been common in his time , Khaghani and seems to be the opinion of other prominent poets. For all the love and passion to his knowledge in his poem, The Encyclopedia of Science and Technology as he has many. Khaghani A poem can be found below the Great Court that is empty is name of the disease and its treatment plants and methods of science and superstition. Khaghani about the health issues of their time is much higher and wider than other poets, The purpose of this article is to realize the fact that the nature of how our predecessors have and have used it. and to reach the conclusion that Khaghani as other contemporary poets science of his time to be fully aware and truly deserves his nickname is wise. This article is intended to provide some information, Khaghani in the case of medicinal plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The effect of LEGO education on social skills and creativity among deaf children with Cochlear implants
Saeideh Akbari Mitra Rajab boloukatAbstract The present research aimed to study the effectiveness of Lego education on creativity and social skill of preschool deaf children with cochlear implants in Tehran city. 3 children (2 females and 1 male) were selected by convenience sampling method. Creativity MoreAbstract The present research aimed to study the effectiveness of Lego education on creativity and social skill of preschool deaf children with cochlear implants in Tehran city. 3 children (2 females and 1 male) were selected by convenience sampling method. Creativity of the subjects were measured by Torrance’s Thinking Creatively in Action and Movement Test which includes three subscales of imagination, originality, and fluency. For studying the social skills of children, Gresham and Elliott’s Social Skills Rating System was used which involves three subscales of empathy, assertiveness, and self-control. The results indicated a significant increase in social skill and creativity of deaf children with cochlear implants. According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that Lego education has a positive impact on social skills and creativity (and their subscales except assertiveness). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Role of bentonite, illite, hematite, zeolite, and calcite in decreasing of heavy metals adsorption by polluted wastewater in Tabriz city
رامین Salmasi Mansooreh Mahdavi Alireza OstadrahimiHeavy metals fixation in-situ by using inorganic amendments , is a method for remediation of pollutedsoils. The goal of this research is to determine 5 kinds of amendments feeiciency for heavy metals fixationof waste-water-irrigated soils in around of Tabriz city and to MoreHeavy metals fixation in-situ by using inorganic amendments , is a method for remediation of pollutedsoils. The goal of this research is to determine 5 kinds of amendments feeiciency for heavy metals fixationof waste-water-irrigated soils in around of Tabriz city and to suggeste the best amendment/amendments.solutions containing CD, Pb< Cu, Ni, and Zn were added to 0.5 gram of 5 amendments including calcite,hematite, zeolite, illite, and bentonite; and 10 soil samples from around of Tabriz city. After shaking, these5 element concentrations were determined in filtered solution by using atomic absorption instrument.Retention capacity percentages of these elements were ca;culated and by using dankan method, the bestamendments were determined. There were sharp differnences of heavy metals retention betweenamendments. Calcite had the highest retention of Cd, ni, and Zn; hematite the highest one of Cu and Pb;and the least one was for ilite. Calciye, zeolite, bentonite, and hematite had significant (in 5 % level) higherretention capacities of Cd, Ni, and Zn in compared to 10 the soil samples. The highest retention capacitieswas done by calcite and hematite (without significant differences) for Pb. Calcite hematite, and zeolite hadthe highest retention of Cu. However, the highest retention was done by illite with significant differencewith other 2 amendments. The retention capacities of calcite and hematite amendments for the 5 elementswere higher than all 10 the soil samples in 5 % level and can cause low uptake and accumulation of theseelements in agricultural crops of polluted soils of around of Tabriz city Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Investigation of the percentage of vegetation changes using satellite images (A Khuzestan region study)
Sara Shirzad Babak Maghsoudi Damavandi Hamed PiriIn general, from ancient times to the present, there are various methods for collecting location-based data, including astronomical observations, photogrammetry, mapping and remote sensing. Remote sensing is one of the data collection methods in which it has the least a MoreIn general, from ancient times to the present, there are various methods for collecting location-based data, including astronomical observations, photogrammetry, mapping and remote sensing. Remote sensing is one of the data collection methods in which it has the least amount of direct contact with the objects and features being measured and unlike other methods in which human factors play a role in collecting and interpreting terrestrial data, in remote sensing method the task of collecting information will be the responsibility of the sensors. Due to the over-exploitation of natural resources, the landscape is constantly changing and monitoring these changes as well as updating maps is costly and time consuming, so many developed countries now have to prepare maps in Different levels use satellite data. The factors studied in this research include 1 preparation of land cover maps and land use of a part of Khuzestan lands. 2 Evaluation of bio-ecological potential in agricultural development of the study area by weighted overlap method. With regard to collecting information, studying the obtained maps and calculations, determining the criteria, final weights and classification of layers in determining the potential of the region for agricultural use, the amount of changes in agricultural areas between 2014 and 2016 was determined. According to calculations, it is about twelve percent, which according to the changes that have taken place are very significant and show the intensity of the changes in recent years. Loss of vegetation is a factor in increasing wind speed and destroying soil texture and structure. It is also a cause of dust, the result of which can be seen in recent years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The role of chemical ecology in plant-natural enemies relationships
Neda KheradpirAllelochemicals are the main manager of interspecific relations which can convey different types of relations and behaviors of different organisms according to the chemical compound and its concentration, sender and receptor species. It is committed in plant world and p MoreAllelochemicals are the main manager of interspecific relations which can convey different types of relations and behaviors of different organisms according to the chemical compound and its concentration, sender and receptor species. It is committed in plant world and plant apply infochemicals with different tasks to level up their fitness and employ natural enemies belong to Arthropoda for higher survivorship. In this paper, a review of previous researches on plant-natural enemies chemical ecology is presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Optimal Solar Power Station Site Selection Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Iran
Pedram Ahadi Farbod Fakhrabadi Alireza Pourshaghaghi Farshad KowsariA vast country with a mean solar irradiance of 4.5 kilowatts per square meter, Iran enjoys very high potentials for establishment and utilization of solar systems and, in particular, production of electrical energy from solar power stations. The present study was conduc MoreA vast country with a mean solar irradiance of 4.5 kilowatts per square meter, Iran enjoys very high potentials for establishment and utilization of solar systems and, in particular, production of electrical energy from solar power stations. The present study was conducted for Optimal Solar Power Station Site Selection Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Iran, and the Expert Choice software. AHP is one of the most widespread multi-criteria decision-making tools. The research considered criteria and sub-criteria such as the amount of radiation, number of sunny days, mean temperature, air humidity, precipitation, amount of dust and pollution, and cloudiness factor. For obtaining the optimal location using the AHP method, implemented in Expert Choice, pairwise comparison is made between the sets for weighting after the hierarchical levels, including the goal, criteria, sub-criteria, and alternatives (intended locations), are specified. As the sets are weighted, the compatibility of judgments is analyzed, which must be less than 0.1. The capitals of the provinces of Iran were considered in the research. From among the thirty-one locations in the examined region, the city of Zahedan was selected as the best location for establishment of solar power stations, and the other alternatives were assigned the next priorities given their weights. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was made on the major criteria, and the impact of parameter weight on the alternatives was assessed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Optimum Technical Design of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Solar Power Plant in Iran (Case study: Qazvin city)
Pedram Ahadi Farbod Fakhrabadi Alireza Pourshaghaghi Farshad KowsariThe purpose of this research is to determine the amount of equipment used in the design of the photovoltaic solar power plant with a capacity of 200 kW. In this research conducted by PVsyst software, 500 w MonoTrina solar panel with 400 pieces, 25kw Growatt MID KTL3-X i MoreThe purpose of this research is to determine the amount of equipment used in the design of the photovoltaic solar power plant with a capacity of 200 kW. In this research conducted by PVsyst software, 500 w MonoTrina solar panel with 400 pieces, 25kw Growatt MID KTL3-X inverter with 8 pieces, which are arranged in 40 rows and 10 panels in each row. The optimal panel installation angle was 35 Degree °and the optimal azimuth angle was 0 Degree (case study: Qazvin city). According to the considered space and the designs made, including the percentage of permissible losses in cable calculations, the length and cross-sectional area of the DC side cable made of copper and aluminum are 800 meters, 16 and 25 mm square respectively, the length and cross-sectional area . AC side cable made of copper and aluminum is determined to be 100 meters, 16 and 25 mm square, respectively. The amount of total annual production energy of the desired point was determined by considering the losses, which was about 337.1 megawatt hours per year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Geobotanical database of plants producing nectar and pollen in Kohgilouyeh and Boyerahmad province.
fatemeh Alienjad ahmad reza Mehrabian Assadollah Ahmadikhah Dariush Minaei Tehrani Tayebeh Akbari AziraniIn this reserach, nectar and pollen producing plant species of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces have been studied. The results of this study showing that 282 plant species belonging to 162 genera from 55 genera used by honeybees in the province. Asteraceae with 49 s MoreIn this reserach, nectar and pollen producing plant species of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces have been studied. The results of this study showing that 282 plant species belonging to 162 genera from 55 genera used by honeybees in the province. Asteraceae with 49 species (17.80%), Fabaceae with 34 species (15.2%), Lamiaceae with 33 species (11.74%), Brassicaceae with 23 species (8.15%) including the highest number of mentioned plant taxa in the province. Also, 169 (60%) of these plants produce nectar and pollen, 41 species (15%) produce nectar and 72 species (25%) produce pollen only. In addition, seven species vulnerable (VU) and one species endangered (EN). In addition, 36 species are endemic to Iran. The konar, Gavan pang angosht, Qangal and Zol are among the most important mono floral honeys in the province so the conservation and management of their habitat is one of the conservation priorities of rangelands in this province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Plants Role in Noise Reduction of Interior Walls (Comparison of Noise Absorption in Native Species and Non-Native Species)
Setareh Babakhani Mostafa Gholipour Gashniani Arman Mahmoudi Otaghvari -
Open Access Article
65 - Phytochemical study of mineral elements of the medicinal plant (Tragopogon collinus) collected from the vegetation areas of northwest Iran
Hojjat Eghbal Mehdi Ahmadi SabeghTherefore, the populations of a medicinal species that have grown in different ecological conditions form different and diverse types in terms of the quantity and quality of effective substances, which, of course, leads to differences in the range of medicinal and biolo MoreTherefore, the populations of a medicinal species that have grown in different ecological conditions form different and diverse types in terms of the quantity and quality of effective substances, which, of course, leads to differences in the range of medicinal and biological activity. to be For this purpose, to investigate the mineral elements of the medicinal plant Sheng from the Asteraceae family from three different habitats: Janvar Daghi from the slopes of the southern mountains at an altitude of 3800 meters, Qashka Balag in the southeast at an altitude of 2400 meters, Yilaq Kara Yatagh in the southwest in 1600 meters high, in Sablan area of Meshkin Shahr city, located in the northwest of Iran and the soil where they grow. Mineral elements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper and cadmium were measured by flame photometer and atomic absorption spectrometer and compared with each other. Statistical analysis and averages by Duncan's test and drawing a graph showed that apart from magnesium, zinc, copper and cadmium elements, other elements under the influence of vegetation area have significant differences. Observations showed that Sheng medicinal plant has the highest amount of nitrogen, calcium and iron in Jenwar Daghi area and phosphorus and potassium in Gara Yatag summer cottage area. Also, the lowest amount of manganese was observed in Janwar Daghi region compared to the two regions of Qarayatagh and Qashqablag. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Investigating the effect of several biological inputs on the quantity and quality of essential compounds of medicinal plant (Matricaria chamomilla) in Ardabil province
Hojjat Eghbal Yousef Jahani Jelodar Mehdi Ahmadi SabeghAn experiment was conducted in 1401 in the lands of Andzaq village, Meshgin Shahr city, located in Ardabil province. Application of vermicompost: at two levels of zero (V0) and 5 tons per hectare as soil application before planting (V1), application of growth promoting MoreAn experiment was conducted in 1401 in the lands of Andzaq village, Meshgin Shahr city, located in Ardabil province. Application of vermicompost: at two levels of zero (V0) and 5 tons per hectare as soil application before planting (V1), application of growth promoting bacteria (PGRP) as inoculation with seeds, at 2 levels: inoculation with a mixture of 2 Azospirillium and Azotobacter bacteria (F1) and without inoculation (F0), - Nitrogen from urea source: in 3 levels zero (N0) and 50 (N50) and 100 kg/ha (N100) in pure form. The results showed that the combined use of vermicompost and inoculum has a synergistic effect and growth-promoting bacteria with vermicompost can work in a better environment and substrate and can fix nitrogen. So that the effect of vermicompost in improving the percentage of essential oil in different levels of nitrogen varies from 15% in N0 to 3% in N50 and up to 10% in N100. The effect of using different levels of nitrogen on the yield of essential oil was very significant, so that the use of 100 kg of nitrogen was about 79% effective on the yield of essential oil, and the use of 50 kg of nitrogen was also about 42% effective on the yield and the yield reached 836 kg. In high amounts of nitrogen, the percentage of camazolin increased. The lowest amounts of alpha-bisabolol amount to 19.4%, 19.8, 20.7 and 21. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Synthesis of iron nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of the medicinal plant Trachyspermum copticum L. and studying its antioxidant properties
Hojjat Eghbal Nima MohammadNehgad Khiyavi Mehdi Ahmadi Sabegh Mostafa Jahani JelodarluTrachyspermum copticum L. is one of the most important Medicinal plants in Iran, which has the potential to synthesize nanoparticles from the extracts of its seeds or aerial parts. In this study, the possibility of green synthesis of iron-free nanoparticles using Trachy MoreTrachyspermum copticum L. is one of the most important Medicinal plants in Iran, which has the potential to synthesize nanoparticles from the extracts of its seeds or aerial parts. In this study, the possibility of green synthesis of iron-free nanoparticles using Trachyspermum copticum L. seed extracts was investigated. Materials and methods: In this study, the seed extract of the Medicinal plant Trachyspermum copticum L. was used for the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles. Antioxidant properties and total amount of phenolic compounds of seed extract and extract containing iron Nano particles were determined. The structural investigation of iron nanoparticles was done using a scanning electron microscope. Findings: According to the obtained results, it can be said that the formation of iron nanoparticles was confirmed by changing the color of the solution from yellow to brown, and antioxidant properties were observed both in the extract containing seeds and in the extract containing iron nanoparticles. And the addition of iron nanoparticles increased the antioxidant properties of Trachyspermum copticum L. medicinal plant. The structural investigation of iron nanoparticles using a scanning electron microscope also showed that the shape of the particles is spherical and its dimensions are 200 nm. Conclusion: The results of these experiments showed that it is possible to use the seed extract of zenian medicinal plant for the synthesis of zero-valent iron nanoparticles, and the increase of zero-valent iron nanoparticles increases its antioxidant properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Assessment of Wind Energy Potential in Green-Mountain, Libya
Saad Alfalahi Walaa Mahdi Sabah Alwatar Mohammed Abdulhadi Aiman Nouh -
Open Access Article
69 - Evaluation of Effectiveness of Implementing Quality Management System (ISO9001:2000) Using BSC Approach in NIGC
Alireza Alinezhad Ali Masaeli Nima Esfandiari Mona Mirhadi -
Open Access Article
70 - The Effect of Mycorrhizal Inoculation of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on its Yield and Some Physiological Characteristics Under Drought Conditions
Madineh Bijhani Parviz Yadollahi Mohammad Reza Asgharipour Moslem HeydariTo study the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) plants and on its growth and yield under drought stress conditions a greenhouse experiment was carried out in split plot using a randomized complete block design at Zabol Univers MoreTo study the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) plants and on its growth and yield under drought stress conditions a greenhouse experiment was carried out in split plot using a randomized complete block design at Zabol University green house in 2013. Treatments were three drought stresses: control, mild stress and severe stress (70, 50 and 30% FC) assigned to main plots, and three species of mycorrhizal treatments (Glomus intraradices, G. versiform, G. mosseae and non-inoculation as control) to sub-plots. The effects of drought on all traits under study were significant, and reduced number of leaves per plant, plant height, root length, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll by 15.6, 7.6, 10.7, 2.5 and 8.4 % and increased proline and carbohydrates by 38.6 and 17.7 % as compared with the control. Mycorrhizal treatments did not affect the amount of carbohydrates and proline content significantly. Interaction of mycorrhiza and drought stress was significant on grain yield, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll. Among the mycorrhizal strains G. mosseae affected the traits significantly under drought conditions. The results suggested that mycorrhizal treatments of plants at different drought stresses could improve grain yield of fenugreek and reduce the negative effects of drought by increasing photosynthetic pigments and other quantitative and qualitative traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Effect of Sowing Date on Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of Two Varieties of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) Populations
A. Vaseghi A. Ghanbari M. Heydari S. DavazdahemamiIn order to investigate the effect of planting date on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of medicinal plant of black cumin was investigated in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications at Khomeini – shahr, MoreIn order to investigate the effect of planting date on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of medicinal plant of black cumin was investigated in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications at Khomeini – shahr, in the province of Isfahan, Iran, during growing season of 2009-2010. In this study India and Isfahan populations were assigned to main plots and four sowing date (16 Nov, 16 Dec, 6 Mar and 4 Apr) to sub plots. The results indicated that planting date, populations and their interactions had significant effect on most of the traits measured. It was also observed that the two populations were significantly different in phenological, morphological and qualitative characteristics. Isfahan population due to its compatibility to the climate of Isfahan produced highest seed yield and oil percent than the Indian population at 6 Mar. planting date. Also, late planting date resulted in reduced values of most of the traits related to yield and yield components. It was also observed that highest dry matter, manganese, sodium, calcium and zinc contents were obtained from the Isfahan and highest content of ash, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper and iron from Indian populations. It may conclude that if it is aimed to have higher seed yield and oil percent it is better to plant Isfahan population at the second and third and Indian population at the third planting dates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Effect of Salicylic Acid on Morpho-agronomical Traits of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) under Drought Stress
Faramarz Chamani Enayatollah Tohidinejad Mehdi MohayejiGuar is a tropical, salt and drought tolerant plant. To assess the effect of salicylic acid on its morphological and agronomical traits under different irrigation intervals, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replicates was perfo MoreGuar is a tropical, salt and drought tolerant plant. To assess the effect of salicylic acid on its morphological and agronomical traits under different irrigation intervals, a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replicates was performed in Galeh-Gang region in Kerman province, Iran. Three different irrigations with 6, 9 and 12 day intervals, assigned to main plots and four salicylic acid concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM) to sub plots. Salicylic acid spraying was done three times at five leaf, flowering and podding stages. The results indicated that most of the morphologic and agronomic characters of guar were influenced under different irrigation intervals. Leaf area index, number of pods per plants and number of seeds per pod were decreased when drought stress occured. Spraying plants with salicylic acid increased almost all characters under study. While, the highest number of pods per plant, seeds per pod were obtained at 2 mM and leaf area index at 1 mM salicylic acid treatments. Irrigation interval by salicylic acid interaction was significant for specific leaf area, 1000 seed weight, seed protein content and seed yield. The highest seed yield (1245.25 kg.ha-1) was belonged to the irrigation of 6 day interval and 1 mM acid salicylic treatment. As a whole it can be concluded that use of 1 mM salicylic acid treatment might increase drought tolerance of guar and prevent yield reduction during drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - The Response of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in Different Plant Densities to the Using of Nitrogen Fertilizer
Amir Ebrahimi Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi Mohamad Javad SeghatoleslamiApplication of proper rates of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density are important factors for medicinal plants yield. To study the effect of nitrogen rates and plant densities on yield and yield components of coriander, an experiment was carried out in split-plot based MoreApplication of proper rates of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density are important factors for medicinal plants yield. To study the effect of nitrogen rates and plant densities on yield and yield components of coriander, an experiment was carried out in split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Field of Islamic Azad University of Birjand, Iran, in 2013. The main plots were nitrogen rates with four levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N per ha) and the sub-plots with three levels (30, 40 and 50 plants per m2). The results showed that nitrogen rate had significant effect on number of umbel per plant and per m2, fruit number per umbel, fruit yield, biological yield, fruit weight of single plant, biomass yield of single plant and percent and yield of essential oil. Changes in plant density, also had significant effect on all traits except fruit number per umbel, 1000-fruit weight and percent of essential oil. Moreover, interaction effect between nitrogen rate and plant density affected all traits except umbel number per plant, fruit number per umbel and percent and yield of essential oil. Mean comparisons showed that as N fertilization rate increased from 0 to 80 kg N ha-1, umbel number per m2, fruit yield, biological yield and essential oil yield increased by 62.5, 74.1, 74.3 and 186.8%, respectively. Results also revealed that increasing plant density from 30 to 50 plants per m2, increased these traits by 25.6, 31.4, 21.8 and 37.4%, respectively. The conclusion is that application of 80 kg N ha-1 and use of 50 plants/m2 produced highest fruit and essential oil yield for coriander in Birjand region Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Effects of Echinophora platyloba bacterial endophytes on Streptococcus agalactiae and Cryptococcus neoformans
َA. Mirabbasi najaf abadi S. Shahrokh shahraki A. MokhtariEndophytes are fungi, bacteria, or yeast symbionts that live in the intercellular spaces or vascular tissues of host plants. The Echinophora platyloba endophytes with production of seondray metabolites and compunend has antifungal and antibacterial properties and prolna MoreEndophytes are fungi, bacteria, or yeast symbionts that live in the intercellular spaces or vascular tissues of host plants. The Echinophora platyloba endophytes with production of seondray metabolites and compunend has antifungal and antibacterial properties and prolnages the shelf-time food. The present study was designed to isolate and evaluate the effects of Echinophora platyloba bacterial endophytes and their antifungal and antibacterial properties on Streptococcus agalactiae and Cryptococcus neoformans. Plant components were randomly collected from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran, and then cleaned and sterilized. Bacterial endophytes were isolated after culturing plant components in YEA and PA media and the antimicrobial properties of endophytes were investigated by studying structural factors (by chloroform) as well as endophyte metabolites. A total of 12 bacterial endophytes were isolated from different parts of leaves, stems and roots of Echinophora platyloba and showed favorable inhibitory effects on Streptococcus agalactiae and Cryptococcus neoformans. In general, secretory metabolites derived from bacterial endophytes showed stronger inhibitory effects than structural factors against these pathogens. The results of this study indicate the efficacy and potential of Echinophora platyloba bacterial endophytes in inhibiting human pathogens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of Shirazi thyme (Zataria multifora) essential oil on Salmonella isolates from poultry and humans using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration method
zeynal zeynali Jalal Shayegh Shahin TofangdarzadehPlant essential oils are complex compounds of different chemical components with different amounts. These substances are one of the potential sources of antibacterial compounds and are very effective and useful for this purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate MorePlant essential oils are complex compounds of different chemical components with different amounts. These substances are one of the potential sources of antibacterial compounds and are very effective and useful for this purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil on Salmonella isolated from poultry and humans using the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method. Steam distillation was used to extract the essential oil, and then the composition of the essential oil was determined using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (Gc-Ms) method. Broth microdilution method was used to determine the MIC of Zataria multiflora essential oil. Also, ELISA was used to investigate the anti-biofilm effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil. Based on the results obtained in the present study, it was shown that more than 64.9% of essential oil consists of three substances: thymol, caracol, and linanol which make up46.62%, 13.85%, and 8.95% of the essential oil repectively. It was found that the MIC level For Zataria multiflora essential oil was in the range of 0.39-12.5 mg/ml in Salmonella isolates. Also, based on the results obtained in this study, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of applied essential oil in Salmonella isolates was in the range of 1.56-12.5 mg/ml. The placement of Salmonella bacteria isolates alongside essential oil at a possible level of 1% significantly (p<0.001) decreased biofilm production. Overall, the results of this research showed that Shirazi thyme essential oil has significant antibacterial effects and reduced biofilm production of Salmonella bacteria isolates by a significant percentage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Investigating the effects of using Nettle (Urtica dioica ), Menta pulagum (Oreganum valgare) and Zizaphora (Thymyus valgaris) medicinal plants on performance, carcass quality, blood biochemical parameters and blood cells of broilers
عباس Heydari علی Nobakht A.R Safamehr سامان MahdaviThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of using Nettle,Menta pulagum and Zizaphora medicinal plants on performance, carcass quality, blood biochemical parameters and blood cells of broilers. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of using Nettle,Menta pulagum and Zizaphora medicinal plants on performance, carcass quality, blood biochemical parameters and blood cells of broilers. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 288 broilers (Ross-308) in 8 treatments and 3 replicates (with 12 birds in each replicate) from 1 to 42 days and included: 1) control group without using any medicinal plants, 2) 1.5% of Nettle, 3) 1.5% of Menta pulagum, 4) 1.5% of Zizaphora, 5) 1.5% of Nettle and Menta pulagum, 6) 1.5% of Nettle and Zizaphora, 7) 1.5% of Menta pulagum and Zizaphora, 8) 1.5% of Nettle,Menta pulagum and Zizaphora. The results showed that using these medicinal plants and their mixtures had significant effects on performance, carcass traits and blood biochemical parameters of broilers (p<0.05). The highest amount of daily feed intake (89.55 g) was observed in the control group and the lowest (80.11g) in experimental group 6, the lowest percent of abdominal fat (3.03) was observed in experimental group 5, the highest percent of breast (33.54) was observed in experimental group 7, the lowest level of blood cholesterol (100.97 mg.dl) was observed in experimental group 3 and the lowest blood triglyceride (38.37 mg,dl) was observed in experimental group 8. The overall results showed that using Nettle,Menta pulagum and Zizaphora medicinal plants and their mixtures have positive effects on performance, carcass traits and blood biochemical parameters of broilers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Investigation on the effects of different levels of peppermint (Mentha piprita), thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and saturea (Satureia hortensis) medicinal plants on performance, egg quality, blood and immunity parameters of laying hens
علی Nobakht داوود Behshti جعفر PishjanghThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different mixtures of peppermint, thyme and saturea medicinal plants on performance, egg quality and blood biochemical and immunity parameters of laying hens. Experiment was conducted in a completely randomized de MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different mixtures of peppermint, thyme and saturea medicinal plants on performance, egg quality and blood biochemical and immunity parameters of laying hens. Experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 192 of laying hens in 4 treatments and 4 replicates (with 12 hen in each replicate) for 12 weeks and included: control group without using any medicinal plants, group 2 using 2% of medicinal plants (50% of peppermint, 25% thyme and 25% of saturea), group 3 (25% of peppermint, 50% thyme and 25% of sature) and group 4 (25% of pepermint, 25% thyme and 50% of sature). Results showed that the use of different medicinal plants mixture has significant effects on performance, biochemical parameters, percent of heterophils and ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (p<0.05). The overall results of the present study indicate that in laying hens with using the mixture of medicinal plants like 3 experimental groups, the improvement of performance, blood parameters and immunity level is possible Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - A review of the effect of different medicinal plants on heart damage markers in the condition of anabolic steroid abuse
Navid Daryaei Zahra Mosallanezhad Ghobad Hassanpour Mohammad Reza Roshan RoozBackground and Aims: Nowadays, the use of energy-enhancing substances as a social problem is common not only among athletes, but also among non-athletes. Unauthorized use of anabolic steroids in competitive sports and bodybuilding athletes, which is called doping; In ou MoreBackground and Aims: Nowadays, the use of energy-enhancing substances as a social problem is common not only among athletes, but also among non-athletes. Unauthorized use of anabolic steroids in competitive sports and bodybuilding athletes, which is called doping; In our country, due to the lack of advanced and efficient monitoring systems, it is unfortunately common and widespread. Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) is associated with cardiovascular complications. The use of medicinal plants has been shown to reduce cardiovascular diseases and disorders. Therefore, the aim of this research was to review the effect of different medicinal plants on markers of heart damage in the conditions of anabolic steroid abuse.Methods: For this purpose, in all databases, especially Science of Web, Pubmed, Google Octapamine, Aerobic Exercise, Metabolic disorders, keywords were searched with Mageiran, SID.IR, scholar risk factors, etc., without year restrictions. Then the articles were categorized based on medicinal plants and markers of heart damage.Findings: The results show that the use of medicinal plants in the conditions of anabolic steroid abuse can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in athletes who use anabolic steroids.Conclusion: Some herbal treatments can be considered as a safe drug of choice in controlling the problems and diseases caused by anabolic steroids. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The effect of resistance exercises and medicinal plants on muscle atrophy
Soheil Abdollahi Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani Maqsood Peeri Saleh RahmatiSkeletal muscle atrophy is one of the most common muscle disorders that severely reduces the quality of life. Regular physical activities, especially resistance exercises, are one of the most important non-pharmacological interventions for the prevention and treatment o MoreSkeletal muscle atrophy is one of the most common muscle disorders that severely reduces the quality of life. Regular physical activities, especially resistance exercises, are one of the most important non-pharmacological interventions for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy. By increasing anabolic hormones, resistance training inhibits protein degradation signaling pathways and activates protein synthesis signaling pathways and reduces muscle atrophy. Many medicinal plants can also reduce muscle atrophy by inhibiting the signaling pathway of protein degradation and activating the signaling pathway of protein synthesis. Turmeric, tribulus terrestris, rice bran and ginseng are examples of medicinal plants that can inhibit muscle atrophy. According to the common mechanisms of resistance training and medicinal plants on the process of muscle atrophy, the results of studies show that these two interventions prevent muscle atrophy, especially in the conditions of skeletal muscle wasting diseases, by affecting the signaling pathway of muscle protein synthesis and degradation. do These two interventions in combination with each other have a synergistic effect and strengthen each other's effect. Therefore, the use of medicinal plants along with resistance exercises is an efficient way to maintain muscle mass. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Dependence Analysis of local Communities on Medicinal and Edible Plants Harvesting in Sardasht Customary Region in Lordegan Township
Beytollah Mahmoudi fatemeh eshaghi milasiFor the long time plant products in terms of food, medicinal and economic have been used by human. rural household obviate adjust part of the health need, food and their livelihood through the operation of the plants. In this study, the type and amount of medicinal and MoreFor the long time plant products in terms of food, medicinal and economic have been used by human. rural household obviate adjust part of the health need, food and their livelihood through the operation of the plants. In this study, the type and amount of medicinal and edible plants harvesting in Sardasht customary region in Lordegan township of Charmahal-O-Bakhtiari state is analyzing. The approach that used in this research is descriptive and quantitative analysis using semi-structured interviews. In this regard, a questionnaire with propositions which include the amount of provision, use, sale and income from harvesting the medicinal and edible plants, was used. The result of this study showed that 21 plant species used by villagers in this area that 7 kind of them are used for medicinal purpose and 14 kind of them for edible purpose. The results showed that the annual harvesting of medicinal and edible plants equal to 48.50 kg for any household that of this amount 12.32 kg is for sale, and annually provides 4025881 riyals for each household. Also according to the results obtained there is significant correlation between the harvesting of this plants and socio- economic indicator such as age, education, occupation, family, housing, income, expenses, agriculture and the number of livestock. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Application of fuzzy logic method to investigate beekeepers potential in Tamin Rangelands – Mirjaveh County
Marzieh Gorgi Hossein Piri Sahragard Soheila NooriAssessing the potential of rangelands for the development of multi-purpose use and the propre utilization of the capabilities of these resources is a serious challenge for managing pastures. in this regard, this research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the comp MoreAssessing the potential of rangelands for the development of multi-purpose use and the propre utilization of the capabilities of these resources is a serious challenge for managing pastures. in this regard, this research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the competence of the Tamin rangelands in order to develop beekeepers by using Fuzzy logic method in the arc GIS software environment in the Tamin rangelands in northern Taftan. For this purpose, sampling was carried out in vegetation brigades of the region by systematic randomization method with the establishment of three 300 meter transects. After determining the effective measures in determining the suitability of beekeepers using the proposed FAO method, effective measures were firstly weighed by experts . in the next step Fuzzy logic was applied to the criteria. Generally, the results of apiculture model In Fuzzy logic method showed that 24.9 of land units was classified as high suitable (S1), 28.2 with moderate suitability(S2), 40.6 with low suitability(S3) and 6.3 non suitable (N) for use apiculture. In addition, the index weight of vegetation cover factor (0.84) is more than access to water resources (0.81) and environmental and physical factors (0.37). According to the results of Fuzzy logic method, the eastern regions of the rangelands of Tamin have a higher suitability for apiculture, and this should be considered in the development of apiculture and vegetation management in the rangelands of Tamin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Ethnobutanical Analysis of Medicinal Plants in Kashan
mansureh ghavam sedigheh kianiSince ancient times, plants have been one of the first and most accessible sources of treatment. Because humans are a part of nature, it is definitely the nature of the plant for every disease. Accordingly, the history of treating diseases with medicinal herbs dates bac MoreSince ancient times, plants have been one of the first and most accessible sources of treatment. Because humans are a part of nature, it is definitely the nature of the plant for every disease. Accordingly, the history of treating diseases with medicinal herbs dates back to the history of human life on the planet. The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the anthropometric characteristics of medicinal plants in Kashan and recognizing the most important and most used plants by the people of this city in 1395. The present research is applied in a descriptive-analytical and survey method. The main tool of research is a questionnaire with 97 items whose content validity is confined to experts and its reliability is 0.891 by the Cronbach's alpha test. Approved. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The sample size was calculated using 336 Cochran formula, randomly distributed among households in Kashan city. The research findings indicated that 45.5% of male respondents and 54.5% of women and the largest group Responsible Sunni was in the group of 25-36 years old and the lowest was among the age group above 65 years. Also, the results showed that the mint, with 6.63%, Kheshir with 57%, Bulls with 4.58% and Thyme with 49%, respectively. The willingness, belief, trust, recognition, satisfaction and spending on the purchase of Medicinal Plants by the people of this city prove the importance of medicinal herbs and the tendency of people to treat traditional medicine more than ever Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Comparison of Distance Methods for Plants Density Estimation in Hamoon Lake Rangelands in Zabol
Vahid Rakhshanizade mohamadreza saeid afkhamoshoara Zeinab Noori Kia mohamad taheriDensity is one of the most important quantitative indicators in the study of rangelands and therefore it is necessary to choose the most appropriate method for measuring density in each area. Estimating the density of green seedlings in biological projects is also one o MoreDensity is one of the most important quantitative indicators in the study of rangelands and therefore it is necessary to choose the most appropriate method for measuring density in each area. Estimating the density of green seedlings in biological projects is also one of the concerns of supervising experts in these projects. Due to the fact that the study area is located in a desert environment have caused the vegetation to be resistant against drought and salinity and their vegetative form is often shrubs. Therefore, this research was done on fast-growing, evergreen, drought and salinity resistant species of Tamarix in three areas of annual planting. All the bases of Tamarix sp were counted in these three areas and in each area, 5 transects of 200 meters were placed parallel to each other and at a distance of 20 meters from each other and 10 points on each were identified as sampling points. This method was considered as a control. With the aim of comparing five distance methods including Closest Individual, Nearest Neighbor, Point-Centered Quarter, Quartered Neighbor and Angle Order in terms of accuracy in estimating the density of green seedlings of Tamarix species to introduce the method that provides the best accuracy in estimating the density of this species. The results show that in the area number one and three the Nearest Neighbor method and in area number two Quartered Neighbor method has the highest accuracy compared to the control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants of Lorestan province
Mmihan Avesta Shabnam AbbasiHumans have been using plants to treat diseases for thousands of years. In the recent century, extensive research has been done on medicinal herbs and drugs with natural ingredients have opened new horizons for the research community of physicians and pharmacists. Lores MoreHumans have been using plants to treat diseases for thousands of years. In the recent century, extensive research has been done on medicinal herbs and drugs with natural ingredients have opened new horizons for the research community of physicians and pharmacists. Lorestan province is a mountainous region located in the west of Iran that Zagros Mountains cover all of it. Due to the diverse climatic conditions of Lorestan province, in this study application of medicinal plants in modern medicine are examined. Specimens of medicinal plants of Lorestan province were collected during three seasons of spring, summer and autumn in 2017-2019. They were identified using reliable sources. Then, questionnaires including information about age and literacy of indigenous urban and rural people, scientific and local name of the used plant, type of used plant organs, medicinal properties of these plants and consumption instruction by people were prepared. 100 people were interviewed. In this study, 91 medicinal plant species belonging to 44 families and 84 genera were identified. According to the results of this study, many medicinal plants of Lorestan Province are effective in treating indigenous people of the region and have pharmacological value. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in this province is essential for achieving reasonable herbal remedies. Iran, due to its diverse geographical conditions and rich and unique vegetation, has the potential to develop ethnobotanical science and use of medicinal plants for medical science. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Ethnobotany of medicinal plants among the northern counties local communities of Fars province
Roja Safaeian Elahe Niknam simakaniMedicinal plants constitute a high percentage of plant species in Iran. There are still unknown types of drugs that still use from the past years until now to. Due to the increasing demand for herbal medicines and the human desire to use them instead of chemicals need f MoreMedicinal plants constitute a high percentage of plant species in Iran. There are still unknown types of drugs that still use from the past years until now to. Due to the increasing demand for herbal medicines and the human desire to use them instead of chemicals need for research it seems necessary. The following study is considered in Abade, Khorambid, Bavanat and Pasargad. The questionaries were included plant local name, place of collection, parts used, season of harvest, medicinal uses, contraindications, how to prepare and method of use. Information on the use of plants was obtained by interviewing with 40 traditional herbalists. The data collected was analyzed by using quantitative indices in terms of the value of the use of the species (UV), informant consensus factor (ICF), and fidelity level (FL). The results showed that reported plants in the traditional shops belonging to 32 botanical families and 83 species. Lamiaceae was the most common family (20.7%), followed by the Asteraceae family (11%), then, Apiaceae (9.8%). In the present study, the results obtained from local communities showed that the use of medicinal plants is to relieve and cure digestive diseases. In this regard, the aerial parts of plants are more useful when consumed as herbal tea. Paying attention to these results shows the role of important of ethnobotanical studies in today's human life. Furthermore, this issue shows human need to the nature, pastures and its products in order to heal and relieve the spiritual and physical science. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Investigation of farmers' opinions regarding the multi-purpose use of Chaharbagh summer pastures in Golestan province
Reza Yari seyedeh mahbubeh mirmiranMultipurpose use and investment in potential resources available in rangelands such as the use of medicinal plants as well as attention to the tourism and ecotourism industry can benefit local people from benefits such as employment and income generation. Therefore, thi MoreMultipurpose use and investment in potential resources available in rangelands such as the use of medicinal plants as well as attention to the tourism and ecotourism industry can benefit local people from benefits such as employment and income generation. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the views of users regarding exploitation, potentials, facilities, income and education about Chaharbagh summer rangelands in Golestan province The interview was conducted randomly among 27 exploits. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the opinions of experts and experienced in this field and also the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient method. The reliability of the questionnaire for users was equal to 0.81, which was in the appropriate and desirable range. Excel and Spss software were also used to analyze the data. The results show the highest interest, good experience, potential of rangelands and facilities and equipment from the perspective of users in the field of livestock activities and livestock grazing and the lowest amount of them in the activities of exploitation of medicinal, industrial and edible plants. So that 48.1% are very and very interested in activities and earning, 77.78% are in good experience of Chaharbagh rangelands and 81.48% of them are in high and very high rangelands potential and up to 88% of them are in high facilities and They mentioned a lot of pastures in the field of animal husbandry and grazing.The highest level of agreement with the presence and also the highest level of income was observed in beekeeping activities. 70.37% of the farmers had a lot of agreement with the presence of beekeepers in these pastures and from the point of view of 50% of them, this activity has the highest income. More than 74% of users also expressed the need for more and more training in the use of medicinal plants. In general, the results show the desired potential of the region for multi-purpose use, especially in the field of livestock and beekeeping activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Ethnobotanical investigation of medicinal plants of Glenrod watershed in Noor city
khadige mahdavi Maryam Kavianpoor Maedeh Yousefian mohammad mahdaviEthnobotany studies the relationship between people and plants, focusing on the local traditional knowledge in each region. The aim of this study is to investigate the ethnobotanical medicinal plants of the local people of Glendrood watershed in Noor city. At first, the MoreEthnobotany studies the relationship between people and plants, focusing on the local traditional knowledge in each region. The aim of this study is to investigate the ethnobotanical medicinal plants of the local people of Glendrood watershed in Noor city. At first, the information of local people about medicinal plants was collected by using a questionnaire and noted in the forms. In this region, 30 important medicinal species were identified by the people. So that the largest number of medicinal and edible plant species in the region belong to the Asteraceae and Labiate families. The use of studied plant species is used to cure colds, useful for the digestive system. The most used parts of these plants are the leaves, and then fruit or seeds. The results obtained from local reports showed that most of the preparation methods of plant species by local people are boiled and brewed and then they are used fresh or powdered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Identification and determine the distribution of plants used by bees in Galehdar watershed (Fars province)
عبدالحمید Karimi حسن Nazarian عفت Jafari احمد HatamiIn addition to knowledge of the biology of honey bees, beekeepers are required to define species, amount of nectar and pollen and flowering duration. This information can be used in preparing beekeeping calendar and suitable usage of different nutrient sources in order MoreIn addition to knowledge of the biology of honey bees, beekeepers are required to define species, amount of nectar and pollen and flowering duration. This information can be used in preparing beekeeping calendar and suitable usage of different nutrient sources in order to have an economical apiculture management. This study conducted in southern of Fars province (Galehdar watershed) to plants identification, flowering period determination, beekeeping calendar preparation and apiculture improvement.Galehdar watershed covers an area of 52250 hectares, with a minimum height of 480 m and a maximum of 1600 m above sea level, is located in southern of Fars province. In this study, using aerial photographs and topographic maps, early type of plants were classified. Then Plant density and canopy cover of honey bee plant resources determined in different sites of this area. Botanical studies of research area and identification of main species of plant types of Galehdar watershed showed six dominant plant types in this area. Also, data showed that the plants genus such as Veronica, Calendula, Plantago and Silene in the form of forbs, Astragalus fasiculifolius, Convolvulus acanthocladus and Platychaete aucheri in the form of shrubs, Ziziphus spina-christii and Amygdalus eburnea in the forms of tree and bush had the highest plant density in the Galehdar watershed. The best flowering time of these plants is from March to May. Thus during this period bee keepers can use this area for having high productivity and performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Evaluation of seed vigor index of three plants of Artemisia absinthium L. , Arcitum lappa L. and Cichorium intybus L. Salinity conditions
منصوره ghavam حسین azarnivandEnvironmental stresses of drought and salinity of the most important causes of yield loss factors are high plants in the world. Salinity affects the growth of the different aspects and reduce and delay germination, vigor reduction, reduced growth and reduced aboveground MoreEnvironmental stresses of drought and salinity of the most important causes of yield loss factors are high plants in the world. Salinity affects the growth of the different aspects and reduce and delay germination, vigor reduction, reduced growth and reduced aboveground dry matter production in throughput. Determination of seed vital medicinal plants against various stresses including salinity of the main factors in the success of mass cultivation of plants. The seed vigor three medicinal plants Arcitum lappa L., Artemisia absinthium L. and Cichorium intybus L. by salinity, 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 NaCl mM was completely randomized design with four replications. Results show that the highest seed vigor in control of the species L. Cichorium intybus L. with 84.85 percent. But this trait of treatment with 300 mM onwards has been fixed and seed vigor almost to zero. L Cichorium intybus L. has the highest vigor and viability of Arcitum lappa L. the least vigor and germination is under salt stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Seed germination and phytochemical variations of two Iranian borage (Echium amuenum Fisch & C.A.Mey) under the influence of cultivation location
Manijeh Khorsandi Aghaii Azim Ghasemnezhad javad Mousavizade Esmaeil Babakhanzadeh sajiraniIranianborage (Echium amoenum) is one of the most important plants of Boragicaceae. In order to determine the most suitable method of overcoming seed dormancy of this plant, the present study was conducted in two different experiments. The first experiment was carried o MoreIranianborage (Echium amoenum) is one of the most important plants of Boragicaceae. In order to determine the most suitable method of overcoming seed dormancy of this plant, the present study was conducted in two different experiments. The first experiment was carried out using seeds collected from Mashhad and Javaherdeh based on a factorial study with three replications. Pretreatments were seed treatment at 4° C for 7, 14, and 21 consecutive days under refrigerated temperature, seed treatment with 500 ppm gibberellic acid for 24 hours, and seed treatment with 50% sulfuric acid for 10 minutes. The second experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in time and location in two years and two locations of Gorgan and Mashhad. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of climate on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the flower. Results showed that Iranian borage seed has physiological dormancy since the maximum seed germination percentage was obtained by applying pre-cooling treatments in 7 days. Comparison of the two locations revealed more favorable flower yield and secondary metabolite accumulation (anthocyanin, antioxidant, phenol and flavonoid) in plants cultivated in Mashhad region. Therefore, due to the relative resistance of the plant to water deficit, the cultivation of this plant in Mashhad is suggested to be further evaluated. Also, pre-treatment of 7 days of moist chilling is also recommended to facilitate the germination uniformity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Effects of vermicomposting and compost tea on nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium yield and uptake of Mentha aquatic L. inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi Glomus moseae
Mostafa Koozehgar kaleji Mohammad Reza ArdakaniIn order to evaluate the effect of compost tea, vermicomposting (as organic fertilizers), and mycorrhizal symbiosis on Mentha aquatica yield and its components, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in 2015 in Sari MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of compost tea, vermicomposting (as organic fertilizers), and mycorrhizal symbiosis on Mentha aquatica yield and its components, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in 2015 in Sari. The factors examined included mycorrhizal Glomus moseae (0 and 10% of the pot volume), vermicomposting (0 and 10% of the pot volume), and compost tea (at 0 and 1.5 liter). Some characteristics such as growth indices, amount of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in shoots were examined. The results of the study showed that organic fertilizers and mycorrhizal fungi had a significant impact on all measured characteristics and increased dry and fresh weight and flower diameter characteristics when compared with those of the control group so that the highest leaf area, flower diameter, and nitrogen and phosphorus contents were obtained from the mycorrhizal fungi + compost tea + vermicomposting treatment. The triple interaction effects showed that the absence of compost tea, vermicomposting and mycorrhizae symbiosis treatments increased the leaf area compared to the control. The results indicated that using vermicomposting, compost tea, and mycorrhizal symbiosis through the availability of nutrients increases the yield and improves the quantity and quality of Mentha aquatica harvest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Plants of Pashandegan Forest Reserve in Esfahan Province
مژگان Farzamisepehr sh Hadad KavehPashandegan Forest Reserve in Esfahan province (in central Iran), as one of the most indicative regions of the Zagros forests, was studied from floristic point of view. The results showed that 133 species belonging to 107 genera and 40 families of vascular plants are gr MorePashandegan Forest Reserve in Esfahan province (in central Iran), as one of the most indicative regions of the Zagros forests, was studied from floristic point of view. The results showed that 133 species belonging to 107 genera and 40 families of vascular plants are grown in this area, among which, the family Fabaceae (Papilionaceae) with 19 species and the genus Astragalus with 8 species are the most diverse taxa. The plant form spectrum showed that these plants consist of 41.4% therophytes, 34.6 % hemicryptophytes, 15.7% phanerophytes, 5.3% geophytes, and 3% chamaephytes. Oak (Quercus brantii var. persica), maple (Acer monspesulanum subsp. cinerascence) and wild pear (Pyrus syriaca) were found as the prevailing trees of the area respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Evaluation of antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from some native medicinal species of Golestan province
sareh hatamzadeh kamran Rahnama saeed nasrollahnejad khalil-berdi fotohifar khodayar hemmati james whiteMedicinal plants are a very rich source of antioxidant compounds. Endophytic fungi of medicinal plants, due to long-term coexistence with these plants produce plant secondary metabolites. Therefore, in this study, the antioxidant properties of endophytic fungi isolated MoreMedicinal plants are a very rich source of antioxidant compounds. Endophytic fungi of medicinal plants, due to long-term coexistence with these plants produce plant secondary metabolites. Therefore, in this study, the antioxidant properties of endophytic fungi isolated from 7 medicinal plants of the Asteraceae family includeing Matricaria chamomilla, Anthemis triumfetii, Anthemis parthenium, Anthemis altissima var. Altissima, Achillea millefolium, Achillea filipendulina, Cichorium intybus was investigated. The samplings were done from healthy plants and free of any diseases from most areas of Golestan province during 2016 spring. After morphological and molecular identification of endophytic fungi, the antioxidant property of 37 species of endophytic fungi was evaluated by DPPH free radicals metod. Based on the results, a significant difference of 99% was observed between the antioxidant properties of endophytic fungi. The lowest (32.1% ) and highest (98.8%) antioxidant activity were related to the Stemphylium amaranthi and Trametes versicolor fungi isolated from Anthemis triumfetii leaf and Achillea santolina stem tissues, respectively. In addition, the Schizophyllum commune with 98.8% antioxidant activity was placed in the same group with T. versicolor. The Cladioporium spp. such as Cladosporium cladosporioides and Cladosporium ramotenelum showed a high antioxidant activity of about 97%. Considering short-term production and the high growth rate of fungi, endophytes maybe a good choice for the production of antioxidant substances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - The assessment of total phenol, flavonoid, resveratrol content, and antioxidant capacity of Vitis vinife L., Pistacia vera L., Sambucus nigra L. and Ilex spinigera Loes
ruhollah dastoor Davood Bakhshi Alireza AliakbarResveratrol is one of the most polyphenol with antioxidant capacity which has ability to inhibit or retard a wide variety of disease. Vitis vinife L., Pistacia vera L., Sambucus nigra L. and Ilex spinigera Loes. , which are abundant resveratrol sources in Iran. Therefor MoreResveratrol is one of the most polyphenol with antioxidant capacity which has ability to inhibit or retard a wide variety of disease. Vitis vinife L., Pistacia vera L., Sambucus nigra L. and Ilex spinigera Loes. , which are abundant resveratrol sources in Iran. Therefore the fruits of these plants in ripening stage were collected in 2015 from different regions of Iran and were extracted by maceration method. The total phenol, flavonoid, resveratrol content and antioxidant capacity were measured by using Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, high performance liquid chromatography procedure (HPLC) and DPPH radical scavenging, respectively. The results were showed that the highest of total phenol and antioxidant capacity were observed in Sambucus nigra and Ilex spinigera, while the Vitis vinifera had the richest source of resveratrol (0/04±0.003 mg/g DW) and flavonoid, respectively. So in conclusion all of these plants could be a good natural antioxidant with the high resveratrol content in pharmaceutical industry Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activities in Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss, Rhazya stricta L., Salvadora persica L., Teucrium polium L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L. from Sistan and Baluchestan province
Omid Azizian Shermeh Moharam Valizadeh Ali Qasemi Ahmad Mehraban Afsaneh Kamali deljooThis present study is carried out to evaluate the phytochemical compounds such as total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of three extracts (methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous) in five different species of medicinal plants: P MoreThis present study is carried out to evaluate the phytochemical compounds such as total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of three extracts (methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous) in five different species of medicinal plants: Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss., Rhazya stricta L., Salvadora persica L., Teucrium polium L., and Hibiscus sabdariffa L.. These samples were collected in different regions from Sistan and Baluchestan, 2014.The plant extracts were obtained by maceration method, phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocaltiu and Aluminum Chloride colorimetric, antioxidant activities were studied by two methods (DPPH and FRAP) and then antimicrobial activities were estimated by Disk-Diffusion method against four bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The results were showed that in all species, the methanolic extract had high amount of secondary compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. had maximum total phenolic (32.54±6.44 mgGAE/g) , flavonoid contents(27.11±1.00mgQUE/g) and antioxidant activity, (IC50=17.34±1.21µg/ml, 55.19±2.27 mM Fe2+/mg) and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone (27±1.00mm) was the most sensitive bacteria to plant extracts. In contrast, the aqueous extract of Teucrium polium L. had the minimum value of total phenolic , flavonoid contents , antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity .Overall, these plants could be a good candidate for the treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress and pathogenic microbes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Study the effect of cadmium on plant pigments and antioxidant compounds of water mint (Mentha aquatica L.), eryngo (Eryngium caucasicum Trautv.) and froriepia (Froriepia subpinnata Ledeb.)
roghayeh hasanpour Faezeh Zaefarian mohammad rezvani bahi jaliliCadmium is one of the most dangerous heavy elements that naturally or by human activity enter to the soil and causes oxidative stress in plants. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cadmium on some of the physiological responses of three aromati MoreCadmium is one of the most dangerous heavy elements that naturally or by human activity enter to the soil and causes oxidative stress in plants. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cadmium on some of the physiological responses of three aromatic plants including water mint (Mentha aquatica L.), eryngo (Eryngium caucasicum Trautv.) and froriepia (Froriepia subpinnata Ledeb). In three experiments greenhouse, five concentrations of cadmium in soil containing 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg cadmium/kg soil was investigate in a completely randomized design with four replications at Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 2017. Seedlings of the all three plants were planted in pots of cadmium contaminated. In before flowering stage Chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid, phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant capacity of shoots were measured. Results showed that leaf pigment in the three all plants decreased linearly with increasing cadmium level, but carotenoid have the lower reduction of compared to chlorophyll a and b. Also chlorophyll b was more sensitive than chlorophyll a to cadmium. While, flavonoid, phenol and antioxidant capacity of plants increased with increasing cadmium levels. Water mint had the average highest phenol (65.89 mg/g), flavonoid (146.88 mg/g) and antioxidant activity (98.49%) than other two plants. Overall, the results showed that plant pigments were affected by cadmium toxicity, and as these plants are rich in antioxidant compounds, the increase of these compounds with increment of cadmium stress is a kind of defence mechanism of three plants for conflict with stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Ethnobotany of Native Medicinal Plants in Zagheh and Biranshahr districts, Lorestan Province, Iran
Esmaeil Delfan Delfan حامد خدایاری Khosro AziziAbstract The purpose of this study was to collect, identify the distribution and medicinal plants uses in Zagheh and Biranshahr areas. Due to the necessity of identifying the medicinal species, we used questionnaires to collect information on the use of medicinal plants MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to collect, identify the distribution and medicinal plants uses in Zagheh and Biranshahr areas. Due to the necessity of identifying the medicinal species, we used questionnaires to collect information on the use of medicinal plants by native people in these areas. After transferring the samples to the herbarium of the University of Lorestan for each plant species, their medicinal and traditional uses were coordinated with other available reliable sources. Based on the results, 218 medicinal species were identified from 55 families out of which 35 species belonged to Asteraceae, 21 species to Fabaceae, 19 species to Lamiaceae, 15 species to Liliaceae, 11 species to Rosacea, 10 Species to Brassicaceae, 9 species to Apiacea, 7 species to Poaceae and others belonged to different families. Among the 218 introduced species, 110 species were widely used for most of the populations in the studied area. The highest consumption of medicinal plants in the field of ethnobotanical related to relieve digestive problems (36%), respiratory (16%), blood sugar and lipid lowering (10%), urinary tract diseases (8%), skin diseases (5%), oral and dental problems (5%), and ocular diseases (2%). Evaluation of the results were showed that there is a wide variety of medicinal plants in the Beyranshahr and Zagheh areas that their therapeutic applications are common in Iranian traditional medicine and research on these medicinal plants can be a way to explore new drugs in the field of treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants of the South Kerman
Seyeh Hamzeh Hosseini Hossein Bibak Abdollah Ramezani qaraAbstract: Present study was done to investigate the ethnobotanical knowledge in south Kerman which contains 7 cities. Data were collected from 129 herbal healer using semi-structured questionnaires and open interviews. Information including local name, scientific name, MoreAbstract: Present study was done to investigate the ethnobotanical knowledge in south Kerman which contains 7 cities. Data were collected from 129 herbal healer using semi-structured questionnaires and open interviews. Information including local name, scientific name, ailments treated, part used, mode of preparation, and life form were recorded. A total of 251 plant species belonging to 63 families were identified and recorded as the medicinal herbs. Identification of the 103 plant species as the medicinal herb for the first time in this region was the highlighted result of thisg; study. Gastrointestinal, skin, general and unspecified, and respiratory diseases, respectively ranked as the most utilized ailments category for medicinal plants in this region. Asteraceae, Apiaceae, and Lamiaceae, respectively were the top medicinal plants families. Also, Ferula, Artemisia and Nepeta were the mostly used plant genera. Rhazya stricta, Calotropis procera, Artemisia spp., Zataria multiflora, and Berberis integerrima as the medicinal plants with high use report showed the most uses for wounds, skin disorders, stomach ache, respiratory disorders and diabetes, respectively. The most commonly plants part used were Leaf, flower, seed, and fruit. The commonly crud drug administration was decoction and poultice. In general, the findings suggested that valuable information is available within cultures and subcultures of the folk communities from different parts of the country and with recording of this knowledge could preserve them. Also, could be as the beginning of the applied research in the pharmaceutical and healthcare studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Ethnobotanical survey of plant species in Susan district, Khuzestan province, Iran
Hamed Khodayari Fatemeh BaroonianThe science of ethnobotany is the collection of reliable data about the medicinal uses of plants in different cultures, which can be the basis for the discovery of new drugs. This research was conducted with the aim of identification and introduction of native medicinal MoreThe science of ethnobotany is the collection of reliable data about the medicinal uses of plants in different cultures, which can be the basis for the discovery of new drugs. This research was conducted with the aim of identification and introduction of native medicinal use and ethnobotanical indicators of plant species of Susan in Susan region of Khuzestan province in Iran with an area of 1016 ha. Using a questionnaire, the data was collected from 80 (55 men and 25 women) native participants in the age range of 30-75 years old. Also, 109 species of medicinal plants belonging to 40 plant genera were collected and identified from Susan region in the northwest of Izeh city, Khuzestan, Iran. According to the obtained results, Asteraceae with 16 species, Lamiaceae with 12 species, Apiaceae with 8 species, Fabaceae with 7 species, and Brassicaceae with 6 plant species had the most medicinal uses. The results of the investigation of the traditional use of plants in this region showed that medicinal plants are mainly used for the treatment of digestive diseases, respiratory diseases, skin diseases, and blood circulation diseases (fat, high blood pressure, and blood sugar), urinary tract diseases, and as a sedative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Comparative study of phytochemical, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Anethum graveolens L. , Bunium persicum L., Achillea millefolium L. and Syzygium aromaticum extracts
Rouhollah Faramarzi Dozein Afshin Karimi Ehsan Karimi Ehsan Oskoueian Mohsen GhasemiThis study was performed to compare and evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts of dill (Anethumgra veolens) seeds, black cumin (Bunium persicum) seeds, yarrow (Achillea millefolium) flower and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) bud MoreThis study was performed to compare and evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts of dill (Anethumgra veolens) seeds, black cumin (Bunium persicum) seeds, yarrow (Achillea millefolium) flower and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) buds in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in the Center, Research and Education of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Mashhad in year 1400. The first, the extracts of the above plants were extracted by reflux apparatus, and then, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to determine the phytochemicals. Total phenol and antioxidant capacity of the extracts were evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu and the DPPH and NO free radicals scavenging activity respectively. At the end of the experiment, the inhibitory potential of extract against xanthine oxidase, hyaluronidase, acetylcholinesterase, elastase and tyrosinase enzymes was investigated. The results showed that the highest amount of total phenol (40.9 mg GAE/g.DW) and saponin (94.8 mg diosgenin /g.DW) was observed in clove bud extract and the lowest amount of total phenol (7.2 mg GAE/g.DW) and saponin (72.7 mg diosgenin /g.DW) was observed in yarrow flower extract. The HPLC results showed that the concentration of phenolic compounds in the clove extract was higher as compared to other plant extracts. Clove bud extract showed stronger antioxidant properties as compared to other extracts, so that the IC50 values obtained for clove extract by DPPH and NO methods were equal to 82.95 and 104.34 μg/ml, respectively. Three extracts of clove (55.3±12.6 μg/ml) yarrow (98±5.78 μg/ml) and cumin (198±8.34 μg/ml) had the greatest effect on inhibition of xanthine oxidase enzyme. The results of anti-inflammatory properties showed that clove extract with more than 61%, caused the highest inhibition of nitric oxide. It seems that the hydroalcoholic extract of clove could be used as an anti-inflammatory, skin lightening and preventing wrinkles and skin aging. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Phytochemical variation of the seed essential oils of several populations of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) in different habitats of Iran
Niloufar Jelvehgar Seied Mehdi Miri Khodadad Mostafavi Abdollah MohammadiThe genus Lepidium from the family Brassicaceae has 16 species in Iran, and the most famous species is garden cress (L. sativum), which is used as a vegetable or medicinal plant. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality and quantity of seed essential oil of MoreThe genus Lepidium from the family Brassicaceae has 16 species in Iran, and the most famous species is garden cress (L. sativum), which is used as a vegetable or medicinal plant. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality and quantity of seed essential oil of seven L. sativum populations collected from different climatic regions of Iran. Seeds of L. sativum populations were hydro-distillated by clevenger, and the chemical composition of the essential oils and their quantitative percentages were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The main compounds of seed essential oil were monoterpenes 1,8-cineole (44.5%), α-terpinyl acetate (13.9%) and α-pinene (7.7%). The populations of Karaj, Kerman and Qazvin had the highest amounts of 1,8-cineole, α-terpinyl acetate and α-pinene, respectively. The results of cluster analysis based on the chemical composition of garden cress seed essential oil using the Nearest neighbor method showed that seven studied populations were divided into two groups, and this grouping did not match the geographical coordinates of the regions. The first group included the populations of Kerman, Qazvin, Shahriar and Tabriz, and the second group were the populations of Shiraz, Hamadan and Karaj, which had the highest amount of 1,8-cineole and the lowest amount of α-terpinyl acetate and 7,10-hexadecadienoic acid, methyl ester. According to the results of the bi-plot diagram of principle component analysis (PCA), Karaj population -which had the lowest values of the first and second components- was placed in a distinct group. No significant correlation was observed between the main compositions of the essential oil with the geographic coordinates and weather conditions of the collection sites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Effect of different solvents on the extraction of phytochemical compounds of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)
Maryam Rahimi Javad Ali Soufiyan Zeynab Mohkami Ali Ali Ghorbani Ranjbari Fatemeh BidarnamaniNeem (Azadirachta indica) that belongs to the Meliaceae family has many medicinal properties such as treatment of skin diseases, hypoglycemia, hypertension, cancer, and AIDS. In this study, to investigate the effect of different solvents on the quantity and quality of p MoreNeem (Azadirachta indica) that belongs to the Meliaceae family has many medicinal properties such as treatment of skin diseases, hypoglycemia, hypertension, cancer, and AIDS. In this study, to investigate the effect of different solvents on the quantity and quality of phytochemical properties of neem collected from Bahoklat area in Chabahar city, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in 2021. Ethanol, methanolic, n-hexane and acetone extracts of neem leaves and fruits were prepared by cold maceration method. Total phenol content, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity were measured by folin-cicalto reagent, aluminum chloride colorimetric and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical scaving (DPPH) methods, respectively. The results showed that the effect of organ type, solvent type and their interaction on all measured traits was significant. Based on the results, the highest amount of total phenol (48.22 mg Gallic acid / g dry weight) was reported in acetone leaf extract, and the lowest amount (2.76 mg Gallic acid / g dry weight) was reported in hexane extract of fruit. In addition, the highest amount of total flavonoids was observed in acetoin fruit and leaf extracts (4.71 and 4.61 mg Quercetin / g dry weight, respectively) and the lowest amount (3.22 mg quercetin / g dry weight) was obtained in the hexane extract of fruit. The highest and the lowest antioxidant activity was detected in ethanolic leaf extract (94.77%) and acetone extract of fruit (12.02%), respectively. Therefore, neem leaf is suggested as a useful source of phenolic compounds and natural antioxidants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - An ethnobotanical study in some villages of Semnan County
Atefe Amirahmadi Fahimeh Ghamari Reza NaderiEthnobotany studies the knowledge of native people in different regions and their information about the use of plants. The purpose of this research is the ethnobotanical study of villages in the south and east of Semnan city including 7 villages: Abkhuri, Ahmadabad (Nor MoreEthnobotany studies the knowledge of native people in different regions and their information about the use of plants. The purpose of this research is the ethnobotanical study of villages in the south and east of Semnan city including 7 villages: Abkhuri, Ahmadabad (North), Ahmedabad (South), Kheyrabad, Delazian, Roknabad and Alaa. After examining and getting to know the study area, in order to obtain the required information, the areas were visited and interviews were conducted randomly in March 2021. Information was collected in the form of a questionnaire and mostly from elderly people familiar with the use of medicinal plants. In this research, 47 species belonging to 48 genera and 24 plant families were introduced by local people. The richest plant families were Lamiaceae with 10 species, Apiaceae with 6 species, Asteraceae with 4 species, and Fabaceae with 3 species. The highest value of the Relative Frequency Citation index (RFC) is related to Mentha spicata with 0.73, Thymus kotschyanus with 0.65, Carum carvi with 0.63, Cuminu cyminum with 0.57, M. longifolia with 0.53, Anethum graveolens with 0.48, Achillea whilhemsii with 0.38, Cichorium intybus with 0.32, Matricaria chamomilla with 0.19 and Alhagi persarum with 0.09. According to this study, the most use of plants in the villages of Semnan city was related to digestive disorders and general health of the body, and the least use was for the treatment of diabetes and kidney problems. Also, the most widespread method of using medicinal plants in the study area was reported as a decoction and the most used plant organ was leaves. The study of ethnobotany and using it in different fields is very important before forgetting this knowledge and destroying the natural habitats of Semnan county. Thus this research can provide a basis for future studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Comparison of the essential oils of medicinal plant populations of Eryngium noeanum Boiss. and Eryngium iranicum Mozaff in Iran
Abdolbaset Mahmoudi Mohammad-Taghi Ebadi Mahdi AyyariIn this study Eryngium noeanum Boiss. from four different regions of Alamot (AL) (Qazvin province), Ahuan Col (AH) (Semnan), Razaqan (RZ) (Markazi province), and Bashm Col (BA) (Semnan) and also, Eryngium iranicum Mozaff. from Nikpey village (NP) (Zanjan) at elevations MoreIn this study Eryngium noeanum Boiss. from four different regions of Alamot (AL) (Qazvin province), Ahuan Col (AH) (Semnan), Razaqan (RZ) (Markazi province), and Bashm Col (BA) (Semnan) and also, Eryngium iranicum Mozaff. from Nikpey village (NP) (Zanjan) at elevations of 1600, 1980, 2450, 2150, and 1400 m above the sea level were collected during the summer 2018. The shade-dried plant materials were hydro-distillated by a clevenger apparatus. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the essential oils were carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-FID, respectively. The essential oil contents were obtained as 0.3, 0.4, 0.55, 0.2, and 0.1% (w/w) for AL, AH, RZ, BA, and NP, respectively. The main components of essential oils were amorpha-4,11-diene (14.0, 17.6, 9.0, and 13.6%), δ-selinene (21.5, 40.5, 23.1, and 35.7%), spathulenol (4.6, 0.7, 6.4 and 5.5%), eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (3.4, 0.5, 6.7, and 4.4%), and cis-falcarinol (20.3, 1.0, 20.0, and 15.2%) for AL, AH, RZ, and BA, respectively. Also, the main components of the essential oils in NP sample were n-octanal (12.8%), myrtenol (12.5%), and cis-falcarinol (13.5%). The main compounds in different populations of E. noeanum and E. iranicum essential oils were sesquiterpenes (about 70-90%) and non-terpene (56%), respectively. Eryngium noeanum Boiss. is a medicinal rangeland and native plant of Iran, has not been given due attention. Despite prickly appearance, it has a big aerial part with considerable essential oil contents including valuable sesquiterpenes and polyacetylenic compounds ranking it among the highly commercial essential oils worldwide. This calls for many research studies in different fields as extensive biological studies on the essential oil components of this plant can greatly help determine and standardize its quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Ethnobotany of Medicinal Plants Used in Jajarm County
Fatemeh Mahjoub Mahdi Kolahi Hamid MoazzeniThe primary objective of this study was to comprehensively document the indigenous botanical knowledge pertaining to medicinal plant uses among the residents of Jajarm County, North Khorasan, Iran. Additionally, the research aimed to introduce prevalent plant species wh MoreThe primary objective of this study was to comprehensively document the indigenous botanical knowledge pertaining to medicinal plant uses among the residents of Jajarm County, North Khorasan, Iran. Additionally, the research aimed to introduce prevalent plant species while undertaking a quantitative analysis of data gathered from both urban and rural sectors within the study area. The study population consisted of 81 knowledgeable individuals from Jajarm and its neighboring villages who were queried regarding their familiarity with plant uses, application techniques, and intended purposes. These individuals were selected through a random and snowball sampling method and engaged in semi-structured questionnaire-based interviews and informal discussions, following their prior consent. Taxonomic identification of all mentioned plant species was accomplished using diverse botanical references. Ethnobotanical metrics such as Use Value (UV), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), and Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) were employed to analyze the amassed data. The investigation revealed 69 distinct plant species belonging to 30 botanical families, with Lamiaceae and Apiaceae standing out as the most abundant families. Notably, plant leaves were identified as the most frequently utilized component, predominantly through decoction. Mentha aquatica emerged with the highest UV, Thymus spp. demonstrated the most prominent RFC, while gastrointestinal disorders exhibited the highest ICF. The findings of this research underscored the depth of indigenous botanical wisdom, notably among the older female demographic of the region. This valuable insight provides a foundational platform for the selection of plants warranting further exploration in the realms of phytochemical and pharmacological studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Comparison of Iran's Medicinal Plants Exporting Comparative Advantage With other Exporting Countries (Case study: Fennel, Badian, Anise and Corian)
shahriar Nessabian Tahereh gholamhoseini Farkhodeh Jebel AmeliThis article investigate the export comparative advantage of Iran and the 11 major exporters using the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) index from 1995 - 2008. The values of the index were calculated by the data derived from the Food and Agriculture Organ MoreThis article investigate the export comparative advantage of Iran and the 11 major exporters using the Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) index from 1995 - 2008. The values of the index were calculated by the data derived from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) website. According to the results, Syria, Iran, India, Turkey, Singapore, Egypt, Morocco, Bulgaria and Vietnam have comparative advantage and Canada and Germany don’t advantage. Also, China has export comparative advantage in some years. Although Iran has a comparative advantage in the export of selected medicinal plants, but its export competitiveness trend is declining. On the other hand, the analysis of Iran's competitive position in the export comparative advantage of selected medicinal plants compared to the other top exporting countries represents the demotion of the position from the third to the sixth in the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - The Investigation of Linguistic Images of Varaki Variety regarding the Ecolinguistics
Zahra Hosseini Raha ZareifardEcolinguistics is an interdisciplinary approach attracted the attention of many researchers in different fields. The environmental elements represented in everyday language, idioms and proverbs of different varieties. This article aims at investigating the ecological im MoreEcolinguistics is an interdisciplinary approach attracted the attention of many researchers in different fields. The environmental elements represented in everyday language, idioms and proverbs of different varieties. This article aims at investigating the ecological images in, idioms and proverbs of Varaki Variety. The data gathered from 8 informants (4 men and 4 women) between 38 to 80 years old. After gathering data, data transcribed, and then analyzed by ecolinguistic approach. Linguistic images include similie, metonymy, irony and proverbs. For revealing these images, animals and plants play important role. The characteristics of animals are more frequent than plants. The images of animals include animal appearance and behavior. Animal images include animals such as sheep, donkey, cow, calf, dog, goat, bear, hog, wolf, hen, ram, cat, camel and insects. Physical characteristics include fatness, thinness, weakness, ugliness and beauty. Behavioral characteristics include fast, slow, anger isolation, persistence, ignorance, and insidious ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - The reflection of Plants and trees in local poetry of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad
jalil nazari ali piroozeFrom the ancient era, using the elements of nature has great popularity in Persian literature and particularly Lori literature as one of the subcategories of similar root in this language. Investigation of the Lori literature has indicated that the natural elements and MoreFrom the ancient era, using the elements of nature has great popularity in Persian literature and particularly Lori literature as one of the subcategories of similar root in this language. Investigation of the Lori literature has indicated that the natural elements and scopes and their implications have the most usages in their sayings and manuscripts. These factors consisted of mountains, forests, trees, plants, snow and rain; easily and tangibly, they reflected the nature in Lori poetry. Among them, there are some trees and plants highlighted this nostalgic and emotional views. Regarding this, the aromatic plant named 'Chavil' is the most influential in expressing the romance. The use of oak in the Lori lyrics represents the strength and steadiness of these people and it is their honor symbol. The trees such as sycamore and willow are known for their calm shadow. The plant tree of Bengaroo is the symbol of worthless in the Lori literature Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Damping Controller Design in Offshore Wind Power Plants to Improve Power System Stability Using Fractional Order PID Controllers Based on Optimized Exchange Market Algorithm
Naser Taheri Hamed Orojlo Faramarz EbrahimiIn this paper, the design of damping supplementary controller in VSC HVDC transmission systems, which is the interface of Offshore Wind Power Plant (OWPP) with the main power system, is studied. First, it is shown that the speed-power curve in a wind turbine affects the MoreIn this paper, the design of damping supplementary controller in VSC HVDC transmission systems, which is the interface of Offshore Wind Power Plant (OWPP) with the main power system, is studied. First, it is shown that the speed-power curve in a wind turbine affects the damping of oscillation and electromechanical modes of the power system, and depending on the operating conditions of the turbine, the extent of this effect varies. Then, to improve the dynamic stability of the power system, the use of an optimized supplementary controller in the VSC HVDC system will be proposed. The proposed controller is added as an additional loop to the converter control circuits in VSC HVDC and will amplify the damping torque in the generators by correcting the damping coefficient of the system oscillation modes. In addition, a solution is provided to use the supplementary controller in the most optimal path, so that the most controllability on the oscillation modes and the least interference with other channels between the input-output signals are provided. To design the proposed controller, a fractional order PID controller will be used whose coefficients are adjusted through an optimized exchange market algorithm. The optimization of the algorithm is done by using mutation and crossover operators in the genetic algorithm with the aim of avoiding bats being trapped at local extremum. The simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper not only improves the dynamic stability of the power system but also strengthens the voltage profile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Evaluation of Escherichia coli population in intestine and meat of broilers by cinnamon and thyme supplement in chicken diet
Ahmad Zeinodini Majid Gholami-Ahangaran Ebrahim RahimiFor evaluation and comparing effect of thyme and cinnamon on carcass contamination, 135 broiler chicks divided to 3 groups by 3 replicates. All chickens reared under same condition and received 0.5 percent thyme and 0.5 percent cinnamon on basic diet, continuously. Cont MoreFor evaluation and comparing effect of thyme and cinnamon on carcass contamination, 135 broiler chicks divided to 3 groups by 3 replicates. All chickens reared under same condition and received 0.5 percent thyme and 0.5 percent cinnamon on basic diet, continuously. Control chickens received no supplement in basic diet. In 42 days old, chickens were slaughtered and breast muscle was sampled for Escherichia coli (E.coli) detection. Cecal content were sampled for E.Coli colony counting, by conventional bacteriologic methods. Results showed that administration of 0.5 percent thyme can reduce carcass contamination and E.coli population in cecal content, significantly. There was no significant difference between control chickens and chickens received cinnamon for percentage of E.coli detection on carcass and cecal Ecoli population. all studied indices. According to results of this study, continuous consumption of 0.5 percent of thyme can improve hygienic quality in broiler chickens while this effect not expected for cinnamon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - بررسی تنوع اکوتیپی و شیمیوتیپی آویشن دنایی (Thymus daenensis Celak) در استان های اصفهان و چهارمحال و بختیاری
آبنوس کریمی عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی فاطمه ملک پور مهدی یوسفی احمدرضا گل پرورمقدمه و هدف: آویشن دنایی(Thymus daenensis Celak.) یکی از گیاهان دارویی متعلق به خانواده نعناع است. سرشاخه های گلدار این گیاه علفی و چند ساله کاربرد وسیعی در تهیه دارو و درمان انسان در طب سنتی دارد. مهم ترین ماده مؤثره آن، تیمول و کارواکرول می باشد. از آنجایی که شر Moreمقدمه و هدف: آویشن دنایی(Thymus daenensis Celak.) یکی از گیاهان دارویی متعلق به خانواده نعناع است. سرشاخه های گلدار این گیاه علفی و چند ساله کاربرد وسیعی در تهیه دارو و درمان انسان در طب سنتی دارد. مهم ترین ماده مؤثره آن، تیمول و کارواکرول می باشد. از آنجایی که شرایط اکولوژی نقش عمده ای در رشد، نمو، کیفیت و کمیت ماده مؤثره گیاهان دارویی دارد، تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر عوامل اکولوژیکی بر میزان ماده مؤثره عصاره این گیاه به مرحله اجرا در آمد. روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق گیاه آویشن دنایی از 22 منطقه استان های اصفهان و چهارمحال و بختیاری جمع آوری گردید. پس از عصاره گیری و تزریق نمونه ها به دستگاه HPLC، کروماتوگرام های حاصل از دستگاه، درصد تیمول و کارواکرول هر منطقه را مشخص نمود. نتایج و بحث: بیشترین میزان تیمول (5/3%) مربوط به نمونه شیخ شبان در ارتفاع 3747 متر از سطح دریا و بیشترین میزان کارواکرول (3/2%) مربوط به نمونه لارک در ارتفاع 2370 متر از سطح دریا به دست آمد. نتایج تجزیه همبستگی نشان داد که ارتفاع از سطح دریا بر میزان تیمول اثر معنی­دار و مثبت دارد و بر میزان کارواکرول اثر معنی­داری ندارد. توصیه کاربردی- صنعتی: با توجه به اهمیت و خاصیت ضدمیکروبی ترکیبات تیمول و کارواکرول در گونه آویشن دنایی و با توجه به این که بهترین منطقه رویشگاه این گیاه با تولید بیشتر ترکیب های مذکور مربوط به منطقه شیخ شبان در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری می باشد، بنابراین استفاده از جمعیت آویشن این منطقه جهت کشت و کار و نیز ایجاد شرایط اکولوژیکی (خاک، آب و هوا، جغرافیایی) شبیه این منطقه برای تولید بیشتر این ترکیبات توصیه می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - جمع آوری و شناسایی تعدادی از گونه های گیاهی استان کرمان برای تشکیل هرباریوم گیاهان دارویی دانشکده ی داروسازی (مرحله1)
زهرا مهدوی میمند منصور میر تاج الدینیمقدمه و هدف: استان کرمان با وسعت 171993 کیلومتر مربع به دلیل تنوع آب و هوایی و جغرافیایی ، دارای رویشگاه­های بسیار متنوعی است. به طوری که ارتفاع آن از سطح دریا از 300 متر در شهداد تا 4420 متر در قله­ی کوه هزار متغیر است. روش تحقیق: در ساختن هرباریوم Moreمقدمه و هدف: استان کرمان با وسعت 171993 کیلومتر مربع به دلیل تنوع آب و هوایی و جغرافیایی ، دارای رویشگاه­های بسیار متنوعی است. به طوری که ارتفاع آن از سطح دریا از 300 متر در شهداد تا 4420 متر در قله­ی کوه هزار متغیر است. روش تحقیق: در ساختن هرباریوم خوب چندین مرحله­ی اصلی وجود دارد: 1. جمع­آوری، 2. پِرِس و خشک کردن، 3. چسباندن، 4. برچسب اطلاعات، 5. طبقه­بندی در ساختن هرباریوم به ابزاری از قبیل بیل، بیلچه، قیچی باغبانی، کلنگ ،چاقو، اره، ارتفاع­سنج، کیسه­ی پلاستیک ،کاغذ روزنامه و دوربین عکاسی نیز نیاز است.نتایج و بحث: در طرح جمع­آوری و شناسایی گیاهان استان کرمان برای تشکیل هرباریوم گیاهی دانشکده­ی داروسازی( مرحله اول ) ، از بین گیاهان جمع­آوری­شده از نقاط مختلف استان کرمان ، تعداد 293 گونه­ی گیاهی که متعلق به 210 جنس و 64 تیره گیاهی هستند ، شناسایی و نمونه­ی هرباریومی آن­ها آماده سازی شد و ویژگی­های هر کدام شامل شماره­ی هرباریومی ، نام علمی ، نام فارسی، تیره­ی گیاهی، محل جمع­آوری ، ارتفاع محل ، نام­گذارنده ، جمع­آوری­کننده و سایر توضیحات به صورت شناسنامه­ی مخصوص هر گیاه در گوشه­ی سمت راست نمونه­ی هرباریومی، روی مقوا ثبت گردید و از آن­ها عکس­برداری شد . بیش­ترین گیاهانِ شناسایی­شده متعلق به تیره­ی نعناعیان ( Lamiaceae ) با 43 گونه، تیره­ی ستاره آسا (Asteraceae ) با 36 گونه ، تیره­ی شب بو (Brassicaceae) با 24 گونه و تیره­ی جعفری (Apiaceae) با 23 گونه بود. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: اساس هر گونه تحقیق مطمئن و از جمله ارزیابی مواد موثر گیاهان و دانش گیاه درمانی در درجه اول بر پایه ی شناسائی دقیق گونه های گیاهی استوار است . ایجاد و گسترش مرکزی به نام هرباریوم از ضرورت های اولیه این نوع مطالعات است، به همین منظور در تحقیق حاضر تلاش شده است ضمن جمع آوری و معرفی گونه های گیاهی داروئی استان کرمان مرکز و پایگاه اطلاعاتی در دانشکده داروسازی انجام شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - بررسی و مقایسه روش های مختلف استخراج DNA در گیاهان دارویی و معطر
مهدی رحیم ملکگیاهان دارویی به دلیل داشتن متابولیت های ثانویه از اهمیت زیادی در علوم پزشکی و داروسازی برخوردارند. اسانس ها، آنتی اکسیدان ها و فلاونوییدها ترکیبات اصلی بسیاری از گیاهان دارویی را تشکیل می دهند. این ترکیبات بالاخص آنتی اکسیدان ها می­توانند باعث اکسیدشدن قسمت­های Moreگیاهان دارویی به دلیل داشتن متابولیت های ثانویه از اهمیت زیادی در علوم پزشکی و داروسازی برخوردارند. اسانس ها، آنتی اکسیدان ها و فلاونوییدها ترکیبات اصلی بسیاری از گیاهان دارویی را تشکیل می دهند. این ترکیبات بالاخص آنتی اکسیدان ها می­توانند باعث اکسیدشدن قسمت­های مختلف گیاه و محتویات وراثتی (DNA)، در اثر وارد شدن زخم به گیاه گردند. امروزه با پیشرفت علم بیوتکنولوژی، نشانگرهای مولکولی مختلفی برای بررسی روابط فیلوژنتیکی، تهیه نقشه های ژنتیکی گیاهان و حذف نمونه های تکراری در بانک ژن ارایه شده است. اکثر این روش ها نیاز به استفاده از DNA با کیفیت و خلوص بالا دارند. روش­های مختلفی برای استخراج DNA از گیاهان وجود دارد. در بیشتر این روش­ها سه نکته اساسی مدنظر است که شامل کیفیت DNA، سرعت استخراج و میزان آن می باشد. گیاهان دارویی به علت داشتن ترکیبات فنولی فراوان و ناخالصی­های زیاد نیازمند به کارگیری روش مناسبی برای استخراج DNA در جهت جلوگیری از اکسید شدن می­باشد. در این تحقیق چهار روش استخراج DNA در چند گیاه دارویی که شامل آویشن دنایی (Thymus daenensis)، نعناع (Mentha spp.)، نعناع فلفلی(Mentha pipertia)، پونه (Mentha longifolia) و چند گونه بومادران (Achillea) مورد بررسی و مقایسه قرار گرفتند. این روش ها شامل موری و تامسون، روش تغییر یافته پریتیلا و هم­کاران، روش تغییر یافته دلاپورتا و هم­کاران و روش کوماتسودا و هم­کاران با استفاده از همزن بود. نتایج نشان داد که مخلوطی از دو روش موری و تامسون و پریتیلا، با استفاده از بافر دو مرحله ای و استفاده همزمان از دو ترکیب 2- مرکاپتواتانول و پلی ونیل پیرولیدین باعث کاهش شدید اکسیداسیون و مقادیر مناسب DNA می گردد. کمترین میزان DNA و بیشترین سرعت استخراج در روش کوماتسودا و هم­کاران به دست آمد. در بین گیاهان مورد مطالعه بیشترین و کمترین میزان اکسیداسیون DNA به ترتیب در گیاه بومادران و نعناع مشاهده شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - گیاهان دارویی آمریکای جنوبی برای درمان هیپرپلازی خوش خیم پروستات: یک بررسی سیستماتیک
الیانا سولورزانو پائولو پاستور دیوید گریسفیBackground & Aim: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the prevalent age-related medical conditionin men. In the last 20 years, alternative therapies, especially those based on herbs, are increasingly preferred. The most popularly consumed herb is Serenoa re MoreBackground & Aim: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the prevalent age-related medical conditionin men. In the last 20 years, alternative therapies, especially those based on herbs, are increasingly preferred. The most popularly consumed herb is Serenoa repens, a plant growing in the subtropical south-eastern United States which has shown very efficient results compared to pharmacological conventional treatments both in terms of cost and risks associated with them. Nevertheless, the same trial found no difference between S. repens and placebo according to the American Urological Association Symptom Score Index. As more and more consumers are turning increasingly towards natural therapies, it would be appropriate to promote the recognition of the value of other medicinal plants with potential applicability through comprehensive research. For this purpose, a descriptive comparison between several South-American plants little publicised in the pharmaceutical market is presented to slightly narrow the gap between the reliable evidence-based and popular information for consumers and the pharmaceutical industry.Experimental: With this approach, a review of the literature was conducted through an electronic consultation of two databases, Science Direct and Google Scholar™.Results: This narrative review highlights the wide range of natural medicines available for controlling the inflammatory symptoms of the lower urinary tract, which could be more explored from a pharmacological and chemical point of view.Recommended applications/industries: The future use of natural products requires further investment in pre-clinical research and in clinical trials that investigate stability and a profitable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic ratio. Although they are well tolerated and used daily by South American populations, the industry's proper commercial focus on these natural remedies cannot be separated from appropriate phyto-vigilance actions promoted Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - فعالیت سیتوژنتیک عصاره متانولی اندامهای هوایی گیاه Plumbago europaea بر روی سلولهای مغز استخوان Balb/C
احمد خلیل حنان بشاره احمد ال-اوکلاهBackground & Aim: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that majority of the inhabitants of the world rely chiefly on folk medicine. It, therefore, approved the use of herbal products for national policies and drug regulatory measures in order to strengthen MoreBackground & Aim: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that majority of the inhabitants of the world rely chiefly on folk medicine. It, therefore, approved the use of herbal products for national policies and drug regulatory measures in order to strengthen research and evaluation of the safety and efficacy of herbal products. We have evaluated the cytotoxic, mutagenic and antimutagenic potential of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of P. europaea, a common species in the Mediterranean and Central Asia. Experimental: Male Balb/C mice were intraperitoneally (i. v.) injected with varying doses of the extract dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The i.v. LD50 of the extract was determined to be 58.33mg/kg body weight. Bone marrow cells were processed and screened for chromosomal aberration and micronucleus formation. Mitomycin C (MMC, 2mg/kg b. w.) and DMSO (0.5%) served as positive and negative control, respectively. Antimutagenecity was followed by administration of 2mg MMC/kg in the beginning of the first or the last 24h of applying 14.6mg/kg of the extract daily for 7 consecutive days. Results: The selected doses of the extract elevated mitotic index and increased percentage of aberrant cells compared to the negative control. However, at a dose of 14.6mg/kg, the extract was enough to reduce significantly the toxic effects induced by MMC. This indicated that the P.europaea extract by itself is mutagenic, but antimutatgenic probably at small doses and can modulate the mutagenicity of MMC. Recommended applications/ industries: These data may help in understanding of therapeutic properties of P. europaea claimed by folk medicine. However, caution regarding indiscriminate use of this plant by the public is necessary. Multiple experiences are needed to rule out any possible side effects and to prove health safety of this natural product before introducing it into the market for therapeutic purposes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - مطالعه گیاهان دارویی مرسوم در کنترل فشار خون در طب مکمل ایرانی
حمیدرضا اردلانیمقدمه و هدف:یکی از مهمترین بیماری های رایج در جهان بالاخص در ایران، فشار خون است که مشکلات بسیاری همچون حملات و سکته های قلبی را بوجود می آورد. بیماری فشار خون اغلب با بیماری های دیگری نظیر دیابت و چربی خون همراه است. داروی متیل دوپا و کاپتوپریل پرمصرف ترین داروی Moreمقدمه و هدف:یکی از مهمترین بیماری های رایج در جهان بالاخص در ایران، فشار خون است که مشکلات بسیاری همچون حملات و سکته های قلبی را بوجود می آورد. بیماری فشار خون اغلب با بیماری های دیگری نظیر دیابت و چربی خون همراه است. داروی متیل دوپا و کاپتوپریل پرمصرف ترین داروی کنترل فشار خون در ایران است. امروزه گیاهان دارویی به دلیل داشتن حداقل عوارض جانبی بسیار قابل توجه هستند. گیاهان دارویی بسیاری در طب سنتی ایران جهت کنترل فشار خون استفاده می شود که می توان از آنها به زرشک، برگ زیتون، سیر، کرفس، سماق و چای ترش اشاره کرد روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه به گیاهان پرمصرف در در درمان و کنترل فشارخون و مواد موثره آنها و همچنین مطالعات بالینی آنها پرداخته می شود. نتایج و بحث: نتایج بدست آمده از مطالعه نشان می دهد که گیاهان دارویی مذکور می تواند به عنوان مکمل همراه با داروهای شیمیایی اثرات بسیار بهتری داشته باشد و از عوارض جانبی مصرف بیش از حد داروهای شیمیایی در کنترل فشار خون بکاهد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: همچنین در آخر به صنایع دارویی و غذایی توصیه می شود روش های نوین در فرمولاسیون گیاهان دارویی و ساخت داروهای گیاهی نوترکیب را بکار گیرند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - فعالیت ضد باکتریایی گیاهان دارویی نیجریه به عنوان دارو برای مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی: یک بررسی سیستماتیک
آدام مصطفی اوبی چیدیبر فاسوگبون ویکتور مشلیا باتا نوحو تانکو مایکل یاکوبو زنوح علی آلگب دیویدBackground & Aim: Antibiotic resistance is one of the global public health threats facing modern health care system. The development of new effective agents has been challenging. Thus, the interest in the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial infect MoreBackground & Aim: Antibiotic resistance is one of the global public health threats facing modern health care system. The development of new effective agents has been challenging. Thus, the interest in the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial infections has increased. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review Nigerian medicinal plants with antibacterial activity.Experimental: This study retrieved data from published articles on Nigerian medicinal plants with antibacterial activity. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were adopted. A systematic search of PUBMED CENTRAL was conducted. The included studies were those published in peer-reviewed English language journals between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2020 and reported on the key terms; Nigerian medicinal plants with antibacterial activity. Results: The database searches yielded a total of 817 results, and 765 articles were ineligible. After reviewing relevant titles and abstracts, a total of 52 articles on antibacterial were retrieved for full text review. After extensive review of each article, 13 articles were excluded and a total of 39 articles were retained. Furthermore, 4 articles were also removed due to lack of specific compounds stated. Finally, only 35 articles met the inclusion criteria for the assessment of antibacterial activity of Nigerian medicinal plants. The narrative synthesis of the included studies revealed different plants families with broad activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Among the bacterial isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was tested more, followed by Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the bacteria were subjected to 97 medicinal plants species for antibacterial activity.Recommended applications/industries: The results from this study reveal that many Nigerian medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds with potentials of antibacterial activity and suggest that they could be employed as alternative in the treatment of bacterial infections after safety profiles is appraised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - مطالعه فلور منطقه قیصری استان چهارمحال و بختیاری با 179 گونه گیاه دارویی
حمزه علی شیرمردی اصغر شاهرخی حسین محمدی نجف آبادی محمود طالبیمقدمه و هدف: منطقه قیصری بین طول جغرافیایی 432214 تا 447583 طول شرقی و عرض جغرافیایی 3556990 تا 3567733 عرض شمالی در واحد متریک zoon39 قرار دارد. وسعت کل محدوده 2/9816 هکتار می باشد. مطالعه حاضر به منظور شناخت گونه های گیاهی دارویی منطقه و تعیین اولویت بندی آن­ها از Moreمقدمه و هدف: منطقه قیصری بین طول جغرافیایی 432214 تا 447583 طول شرقی و عرض جغرافیایی 3556990 تا 3567733 عرض شمالی در واحد متریک zoon39 قرار دارد. وسعت کل محدوده 2/9816 هکتار می باشد. مطالعه حاضر به منظور شناخت گونه های گیاهی دارویی منطقه و تعیین اولویت بندی آن­ها از جنبه در خطر انقراض بودن و معرفی منطقه به عنوان یکی از کلیدی ترین مناطق از نظر اولویت حفاظتی انجام شد.روش بررسی: برای بررسی پوشش گیاهی با گذر از کلیه راه­های قابل عبور و صعود به ارتفاعات و انجام گشت های متعدد در محدوده منطقه، در فصل رویش (اردیبهشت تا مهر) در سال 1388 نمونه های گیاهی جمع آوری، پرس و با استفاده از فلورها و کتب مرجع و متخصصان علم گیاهشناسی، نام علمی آن­ها تعیین شد. در این تحقیق برای بررسی گونه های دارویی منطقه از اطلاعات اهالی منطقه و منابع موجود در زمینه گیاهان دارویی، برای تعیین گونه های نادر و در حال انقراض منطقه از معیارهای استاندارد استفاده شده است.نتایج و بحث: به طور کلی در منطقه مورد مطالعه تعداد 65 خانواده با 301 جنس و 487 گونه وجود دارد. از بین 487 گونه ذکر شده در منطقه حدود 179 گونه آن (یعنی حدود 76/36% گونه ها) دارویی هستند. نام این گونه ها در منابع و متون معتبر گیاهان دارویی کشور به ثبت رسیده و یا این­ که به طور سنتی اهالی منطقه و یا استان، آن­ها را جهت مصارف گوناگون دارویی و موارد مشابه به کار می گیرند. 86 گونه در خطر انقراض در این منطقه شناسایی شد که همه آن­ها متعلق به ایران- تورانی می­باشد. از 86 گونه فوق، 67 گونه در طبقه کمتر در خطر، 3 گونه در طبقه آسیب پذیر، 2 گونه در طبقه در معرض خطر و 14 گونه اطلاعات در باره آن­ها ناکافی است. از 86 گونه در خطر انقراض، 33 گونه آن به نوعی دارویی می باشند که از این 33 عدد، 25 گونه آن متعلق به گونه های با خطر کمتر، پنج گونه آن متعلق به گونه های با کمبود اطلاعات، یک گونه آن از گونه های آسیب پذیر و دو گونه آن متعلق به گونه های در معرض خطر می باشد.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به تنوع زیاد منطقه و هم­چنین حضور گونه های در خطر انقراض و دارویی، مدیریت صحیح منطقه خصوصاً مدیریت چرای دام امری ضروری به نظر رسیده و منطقه مورد نظر میبایستی در اولویت حفاظت دستگاه­های مسئول قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
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119 - کاربرد گیاهان دارویی در منطقه فاروج، استان خراسان شمالی، ایران
آتنا اسلامی فروجی حامد خدایاریسابقه و هدف: گیاهان دارویی یکی از مهمترین منابع در ایران هستند، با استفاده از دانش علمی و استفاده صحیح، آنها میتوانند نقش مهمی را در سلامت جامعه بازی کنند. برخی از اهداف مهم پروژه اتنوبوتانی به نمایش گذاشتن گونههای دارویی رایج، یافتن کاربرد دقیق گونههای گیاهی در میا Moreسابقه و هدف: گیاهان دارویی یکی از مهمترین منابع در ایران هستند، با استفاده از دانش علمی و استفاده صحیح، آنها میتوانند نقش مهمی را در سلامت جامعه بازی کنند. برخی از اهداف مهم پروژه اتنوبوتانی به نمایش گذاشتن گونههای دارویی رایج، یافتن کاربرد دقیق گونههای گیاهی در میان جمعیتهای گوناگون منطقه و اثبات دانش اتنوبوتانی در میان مردم میباشد. مواد و روشها: برای رسیدن به اهداف بالا، مطالعهای در فاروج، استان خراسان شمالی، ایران در محدوده زمانی 1393 – 1394 انجام شد. برای جمعآوری اطلاعات، گامهای متعددی همچون جمعآوری گیاهان، مصاحبه با مردم بومی و توزیع پرسشنامه صورت پذیرفت. برخی شاخصهای مهم همچون فروانی نسبی نقل قول (RFC)، نسبت توافق گویندگان (IAR) و شاخص اهمیت فرهنگی (CI) برآورد شد. به علاوه، آزمون فرض صفر نیز انجام پذیرفت. نتایج و بحث: در مجموع 91 تاکسون متعلق به 29 خانواده شناسایی شد. از میان 91 تاکسون، 73 گونه در منطقه مورد مطالعه رویش طبیعی دارند. خانوادههای Asteraceae و Brassicaceae به ترتیب با 16 و 9 سرده بیشترین فراوانی را به خود اختصاص دادند. در شهرستان فاروج، سایر بیماریها و بیماریهای گوارشی بیشترین بیماریهای قابل علاج بودند. بیشترین قطعات گیاهی که مورد جمعآوری قرار گرفت به ترتیب شامل برگها (22%)، کل اندام گیاه (18%) و دانهها (14%) است. گونه Vitis vinifera L. دارای بیشترین فراوانی نسبی نقل قول و شاخص اهمیت فرهنگی بود. منطقه فاروج دارای پتانسیل عظیمی در رشد گیاهان دارویی است. این تحقیق برای اولین بار در این ناحیه صورت پذیرفت. توصیه صنعتی و عملی: عصاره گیاهان میتواند برای درمان بسیاری از بیماریها استفاده شود و برخی از عصارهها ممکن است فایده جدیدی برای درمان بیماریها داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
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120 - بررسی اثر عصاره چند گیاه دارویی بر باکتری بروسلا آبورتوس (Brucella abortus) در شرایط In-vitro و In-vivo
عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی محمدرضا قاسمی حسن ممتاز احمدرضا گل پرور بهزاد حامدی سهراب شاهقلیانمقدمه و هدف: تب مالت یک بیماری عفونی باکتریایی است که عامل آن باکتریی به نام بروسلا است که می­تواند به طور مستقیم یا غیر مستقیم از دام آلوده به انسان منتقل شود. به­همین منظور مطالعه حاضر با هدف پیش­گیری و درمان این بیماری در دو شرایط آزمایشگاهی و مدل حیوانی Moreمقدمه و هدف: تب مالت یک بیماری عفونی باکتریایی است که عامل آن باکتریی به نام بروسلا است که می­تواند به طور مستقیم یا غیر مستقیم از دام آلوده به انسان منتقل شود. به­همین منظور مطالعه حاضر با هدف پیش­گیری و درمان این بیماری در دو شرایط آزمایشگاهی و مدل حیوانی انجام شد. روش تحقیق : اثرات ممانعتی برخی عصاره های گیاهان دارویی نظیر خارشتر(Alhagi camelorum Fisch.)، خوشاریزه (Echinophora platyloba DC.)، چز کوهی (Teucrium polium L.)، گل میمونی بیابانی (Scrophularia desertii Del.) و زرشک کوهی (Berberis integerrima Bunge.) بر روی رشد باکتری بروسلا آبورتوس انجام شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج به دست آمده از روش انتشار دیسک نشان داد که بیش­ترین اثر ممانعت از رشد باکتری مربوط به عصاره آبی گیاه خارشتر با غلظت 500 میکروگرم در میلی لیتر و کمترین اثر ممانعتی مربوط به عصاره اتانولی گیاه گل میمونی بیابانی با غلظت 125 میکروگرم در میلی لیتر بود. در مقایسه دو غلظت ثابت عصاره­ها با آنتی بیوتیک مشخص شد که در غلظت 5/62 میکروگرم در میلی لیتر بیشترین اثر مربوط به آنتی بیوتیک اریترومایسین و بعد از آن استرپتومایسین و عصاره آبی خارشتر بود. در بررسی اثر متقابل دوز و نوع عصاره بر نسبت وزن اولیه به وزن ثانویه موش­های آزمایشگاهی مشخص شد که بهترین اثر مربوط به گروه دریافت کننده عصاره ترکیبی (شاهد مثبت) با دوز 400 mg/kg/day بوده و بعد از آن گروه دریافت کننده عصاره اتانولی ریشه زرشک کوهی با دوز 400 mg/kg/day بود. اثر متقابل دوز ها و عصاره های گیاهان دارویی بر نسبت وزن طحال به وزن بدن نشان داد که گروه دریافت کننده عصاره آبی خار شتر با دوز 200 mg/kg/day و بعد از آن گروه دریافت کننده داروی سنتزی اریترومایسین با دوز200 mg/kg/day بهترین نتیجه را دارا بودند. در بررسی اثر متقابل دوزها و عصاره­های گیاهان دارویی بر تیتر آنتی بادی رایت اختلاف معنی داری بین اثر متقابل دوزها و عصاره­ها بر تیتر آنتی بادی رایت نشان نداد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با تلفیق نتایج دو روش، عصاره اندام هوایی گیاه خارشتر و ریشه زرشک کوهی به همراه آنتی بیوتیک ممکن است دارای خاصیت پیش گیری کننده بیماری تب مالت در دام باشند. Manuscript profile -
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121 - تأثیر عصاره متانولی ریشه و فراکسیون های گیاه Waltheria indica بر گرایش جنسی و پارامترهای رفتار جنسی در موش های صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار
ساندی سابو ساندی اوتیمنین ساموئل اتوکپاBackground & Aim: Waltheria indica is a shrub whose roots are used in many communities of Northern Nigeria to manage several sexual behavioral disorders; however, there is no scientific study to verify this claim. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of m MoreBackground & Aim: Waltheria indica is a shrub whose roots are used in many communities of Northern Nigeria to manage several sexual behavioral disorders; however, there is no scientific study to verify this claim. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of methanol root extract of Waltheria indica and its fractions (ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and residual ethanol) on sexual orientation and sexual behavioral parameters in male albino rats.Experimental: Male rats were divided into five groups each containing 6 rats. Group 1 rats were treated with normal saline. Rats in Groups 2, 3 and 4 were treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg crude extracts while rats in Group 5 were treated with Sildenafil 5 mg/kg. Treatment was administered once daily for 7 days. Female rats were artificially brought to oestrus by administering oestradiol 25 μg/kg and progesterone 500 μg/kg 48 and 8 h respectively prior to mating The mating was done in a 1:1 ratio and mating behaviour was observed on days 1 and 7. Similar procedure was repeated, normal saline, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg of the ethyl acetate, n-butanol and mother liquor fractions, respectively and sexual behavioral parameters were observed.Results: Crude extract and fractions of Waltheria indica significantly increased sexual behavioral parameters, with the n-butanol and mother liquor fractions being most active.Recommended applications/industries: The study showed that methanol root extract of Waltheria indica and its fractions have aphrodisiac activity with the n-butanol and residual methanol fractions being more active. These revelations further substantiates the traditional use of Waltheria indica for the management of infertility in male, thus such discovery can serve as a lead for the development of drugs for the management of sexual dysfunctions. Manuscript profile -
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122 - بررسی اثر عصاره ی کاسنی (Cichorium intybus L) و اسانس کرفس بختیاری (Kelussia orderatassima Mozaff) بر رفع مسمومیت ناشی از سموم ارگانوفسفر در موش صحرایی
عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی علی شاه ولی فیروزه سقایی شهرزاد عزیزی بهزاد حامدی لهراسب شاهقلیانمقدمه و هدف: در دانش بومی طب سنتی و دام­پزشکی سنتی از برخی گیاهان دارویی به عنوان رفع مسمومیت به کار می­رفته است. به همین منظور جهت بررسی اثر ضد مسمومیت عصاره یا اسانس دو گیاه دارویی و مقایسه اثرات این گیاهان با داروهای سنتزی در مسمومیت با سموم ارگــانوفســفره ت Moreمقدمه و هدف: در دانش بومی طب سنتی و دام­پزشکی سنتی از برخی گیاهان دارویی به عنوان رفع مسمومیت به کار می­رفته است. به همین منظور جهت بررسی اثر ضد مسمومیت عصاره یا اسانس دو گیاه دارویی و مقایسه اثرات این گیاهان با داروهای سنتزی در مسمومیت با سموم ارگــانوفســفره تحقیق حاضر انجام شد. روش تحقیق: در همــین راســـتا اثر عصاره اتانولی ریشه کاسنی (Cichorium intybus L.) و اسانس برگ گیاه کلوس(Kelussia orderatassima Mozaff.) بر روی بافت های کبد و کلیه موش صحرایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. صفاتی نظیر میانگین تغییر وزن ثانویه و ضایعات پاتولوژیکی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج و بحث: نتایج به دست آمده از مشاهدات هیستوپاتولوژیک کلیه نشان داد که کمترین ضایعات مربوط به گروه تحت درمان با کلوس با پیمانه 200 و 400 میلی­گرم در کیلو­گرم و بیشترین ضایعات در گروه­های تحت درمان با ریشه کاسنی با پیمانه 200 و 400 میلی­گرم در کیلو­گرم و گروه تحت درمان با داروی استاندارد ( فنوباربیتال سدیم و شارکل فعال) بود. در بررسی هیستوپاتولوژیک نمونه های کبد بیشترین اثر حفاظتی مربوط به گروه تحت درمان با داروی استاندارد و در ادامه گروه تحت درمان با گیاه کلوس با پیمانه 400 میلی­گرم در کیلو­گرم و سپس گروه تحت درمان با گیاه کلوس با پیمانه 200 میلی­گرم بودند. کمترین اثر حفاظت کنندگی کبدی مربوط به گروه شاهد و گروه تحت درمان با کاسنی با پیمانه 200 میلی گرم بود. نتایج مربوط به تغییر افزایش وزن ثانویه به وزن اولیه حاکی از آن بود که گروه تحت درمان با داروی استاندارد بیشترین افزایش وزن و گروه تحت درمان با گیاه کلوس با پیمانه 200 میلی­گرم کمترین میانگین افزایش را داشتند. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با بررسی نتایج چنین به نظر می­رسد که وجود ماده موثره­ی در گیاه کلوس می­تواند اثرات مسمومیت سموم ارگانوفسفره را کاهش دهد، بنابراین استخراج ماده موثره از این گیاه را توصیه می­شود. Manuscript profile -
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123 - فعالیت ضدباکتریایی اسانس چند گیاه دارویی انحصاری ایران علیه باکتری سودوموناس آئروژینوزا جداشده از گوشت
شهره دادفر عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی مریم میرلوحی محمد حجت الاسلامی بهزاد حامدیمقدمه و هدف: متابولیت­های ثانویه با خواص زیست فعالی و عملکردی در اسانس گیاهان معطر می­توانند در جهت بهبود کیفیت و ماندگاری بیشتر مواد غذایی به عنوان نگهدارنده های طبیعی مؤثر واقع شوند. این مطالعه با هدف مقایسه خاصیت ضدباکتریایی اسانس چند گیاه بومی ایران برای است Moreمقدمه و هدف: متابولیت­های ثانویه با خواص زیست فعالی و عملکردی در اسانس گیاهان معطر می­توانند در جهت بهبود کیفیت و ماندگاری بیشتر مواد غذایی به عنوان نگهدارنده های طبیعی مؤثر واقع شوند. این مطالعه با هدف مقایسه خاصیت ضدباکتریایی اسانس چند گیاه بومی ایران برای استفاده در صنایع غذایی اجرا شد.روش تحقیق: ابتدا اندام هوایی پنج گونه گیاه دارویی انحصاری ایران شامل آویشن دنایی (Thymus daenensis Celak.)، آویشن کرمانی (Thymus carmanicus Jalals)، مرزه بختیاری (Satureja bachtiarica Bunge.)، مرزه خوزستانی (Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad.) و کرفس معطر بختیاری یا کلوس (Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff.) به همراه دو گونه بومی مرزه معمولی (Satureja hortensis L.) و گلپر برفی (Heracleum lasiopetalum Boiss.) از استان های چهارمحال و بختیاری، کرمان و خوزستان جمع آوری شد. سپس به روش تقطیر با آب (طرح کلوینجر) اسانس گیری انجام شد. قدرت ضد میکروبی اسانس ها در سه غلظت علیه Pseudomonas aeruginosa به روش انتشار دیسک تعیین شدند.نتایج و بحث: اسانس­های مرزه معمولی، مرزه بختیاری ، مرزه خوزستانی ، آویشن دنایی و آویشن کرمانی بیشترین قطر هاله ممانعت از رشد را علیه باکتری عامل فساد گوشت Pseudomonas aeruginosa داشتند. در نهایت اسانس مرزه بختیاری (Satureja bachtiarica Bunge.) مؤثرترین اسانس انتخاب بود.توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: اسانس مرزه به عنوان یک طعم دهنده و نگهدارنده طبیعی می­تواند جایگزین نگهدارنده­های سنتزی در صنعت غذا به خصوص تولید و فرآوری گوشت به کار برده شود. Manuscript profile -
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124 - بررسی نگرش بیماران در مورد گیاهان درمانی در اصفهان
زهره بختیاریمقدمه و هدف: با توجه به اثرات جانبی و تأثیر کم برخی داروهای شیمیایی بر بعضی بیماری­ها، اغلب مردم به گیاه درمانی و طب مکمل روی آورده­اند. در این مقاله نگرش بیماران در خصوص درمان با گیاهان دارویی با داروهای شیمیایی مقایسه شد و برآوردی از تعداد بیماران که مصرف گیاه Moreمقدمه و هدف: با توجه به اثرات جانبی و تأثیر کم برخی داروهای شیمیایی بر بعضی بیماری­ها، اغلب مردم به گیاه درمانی و طب مکمل روی آورده­اند. در این مقاله نگرش بیماران در خصوص درمان با گیاهان دارویی با داروهای شیمیایی مقایسه شد و برآوردی از تعداد بیماران که مصرف گیاهان دارویی را به داروهای شیمیایی ترجیح می دهند، انجام شد.روش تحقیق: مطالعه از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی به روش جمع آوری اطلاعات پرسش­نامه­ای بود. پرسش­ها شامل خصوصیات و نوع بیماری بیماران بود. معیار، مطالعه بیماران استان اصفهان بود که برای درمان به مطب­ها و مراکز درمانی مراجعه می­کردند. با استفاده از فرمول تعیین حجم نمونه، تعداد 247 نمونه مورد نیاز برآورد گردید. نتایج و بحث: براساس تجزیه داده­ها، 37% بیماران تأثیر داروهای گیاهی را بهتر از داروهای شیمیایی دانستند، در حدود 21% از بیماران داروهای شیمیایی را بهتر دانستند و بقیه یعنی 42% در این خصوص نظری نداشتند. 67% از بیماران ساکن شهرستان­ها و روستاها و 33% از ساکنین شهر اصفهان به گیاه درمانی اعتقاد داشتند. به علاوه نسبت زنان به مردان 69% به 31% بود، البته بیشتر مردان اظهار داشتند که به ندرت به پزشک مراجعه کرده و بیشتر خود درمانی می­کنند. از نظر تحصیلات با توجه به کم بودن بیماران باسواد از بین نمونه­ها تفاوت معنی دارو قابل قیاسی در این خصوص به دست نیامد. توصیه کاربردی: چون داروهای شیمیایی در درمان بعضی بیماری­ها موفق نبوده و از طرفی خیلی از مردم به درمان با گیاهان علاقه دارند، می­توان با بررسی و رفع موانع موجود و ادغام درمان با داروهای گیاهی و شیمیایی، بیماران را معالجه نمود. Manuscript profile -
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125 - مقایسه فعالیت ضد میکروبی عصاره اتانولی، آبی و جوشانده تعدادی گیاهان دارویی استان گلستان علیه فعالیت باکتری استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس
علیرضا صفاهانی مهرداد عطائی محمد ربیعی تینا دادگر عزت الله قائمی مقدمه و هدف: در طول تاریخ بشری، بسیاری از بیماری های عفونی به طور سنتی با داروهای گیاهی درمان شده اند، به طوری که امروزه در بسیاری از کشورهای در حال توسعه داروهای گیاهی نقش اصلی را در درمان اولیه ایفا می­کنند. این مطالعه نیز با توجه به تنوع زیستی گیاهان در است More مقدمه و هدف: در طول تاریخ بشری، بسیاری از بیماری های عفونی به طور سنتی با داروهای گیاهی درمان شده اند، به طوری که امروزه در بسیاری از کشورهای در حال توسعه داروهای گیاهی نقش اصلی را در درمان اولیه ایفا می­کنند. این مطالعه نیز با توجه به تنوع زیستی گیاهان در استان گلستان به منظور بررسی اثر ضدباکتریایی عصاره الکلی، آبی و جوشانده تعدادی گونه از گیاهان دارویی استان علیه سویههای بالینی و استاندارد استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس حساس و مقاوم به متی سیلین و مقایسه بین آن ها و نیز تعیین گیاه مناسب جهت مطالعات بعدی انجام شده است. روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق عصاره الکلی به روش پرکولاسیون و عصاره آبی با استفاده از دستگاه بنماری و جوشانده نیز به روش جوشاندن تهیه شد. بررسی اثر ضدباکتریایی عصاره گیاهان علیه سویههای MRSA و MSSA به روش انتشار در آگار و به کمک دیسک صورت گرفت و هر آزمون سه بار تکرار گردید. خاصیت ضدباکتریایی عصارهها با هم مقایسه گردید. سپس با استفاده از روش حداقل غلظت بازدارنده از رشد (MIC) تعیین شد. نتایج و بحث: از بین 23 گونه گیاهی مورد بررسی عصاره اتانولی سیاهدانه Nigella sativa ، اکالیپتوس Eucalyptus globulus ، گل راعی Hypericum perforatum ، انار Punica granatum ، گز Tamarix aphylla، زرشکBerberis vulgaris ، درمنه Atremisia dracunculus و اسپند Peganum harmala در روش انتشار دیسک بهترین اثر را نشان دادند و در بررسی عصاره آبی گیاهان بهترین اثر مربوط به عصاره آبی گیاهان انار، درمنه و اکالیپتوس و در مورد جوشانده گیاهان بهترین اثر ضدباکتریایی مربوط به جوشانده گیاهان انار، اکالیپتوس، درمنه، زرشک و گز میباشد. به طور کلی عصاره­ی الکلی گیاهان اثر ضدباکتریایی بهتری را نسبت به سایر عصارهها نشان دادند و در همه موارد اثر ضدباکتریایی عصارهها با آنتیبیوتیک و وانکومایسین که به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شده بود، مقایسه گردید که در مورد گیاهان مؤثر در اکثر موارد تأثیر ضدباکتریایی آن ها بیش از وانکومایسین 30 میکروگرمی بوده و در اغلب گیاهان فعالیت ضدباکتریایی آن­ها علیه سویههای MRSA بیش از MSSA بود و در ارزیابی MIC ، پوست میوه انار و پائینتر از سایر انواع عصارهها بود(MIC=0.01 mg/ml). توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به اثر ضد باکتریایی بسیار خوب تعیین اثرات بالینی آن ها در طرحهای تجربی ضروری است. در نهایت عصاره ی پوست انار در دو روش بررسی، دارای خاصیت ضد باکتریایی مناسبی استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس بود. Manuscript profile -
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126 - مطالعه مقدماتی گونه های گیاهی دارویی شهرستان کازرون در استان فارس
مهدی دولتخواهی مهدی یوسفی جواد باقرنژاد علی دولتخواهیمقدمه و هدف: شهرستان کازرون با مساحت تقریبی 4060 کیلومتر مربع در 110 کیلومتری غرب شهر شیراز (مرکز استان فارس، ایران) واقع شده است. این منطقه از نظر تنوع زیستی گونه های گیاهی حائز اهمیت است، زیرا زیستگاه­هایی از قبیل تالاب بین المللی پریشان در جنوب شرقی، جنگل های بلو Moreمقدمه و هدف: شهرستان کازرون با مساحت تقریبی 4060 کیلومتر مربع در 110 کیلومتری غرب شهر شیراز (مرکز استان فارس، ایران) واقع شده است. این منطقه از نظر تنوع زیستی گونه های گیاهی حائز اهمیت است، زیرا زیستگاه­هایی از قبیل تالاب بین المللی پریشان در جنوب شرقی، جنگل های بلوط (Quercus persica) در شرق و انشعابات رودخانه شاپور در غرب این شهر قرار گرفته است. بنابراین با توجه به قدمت تاریخی این شهرستان و تنوع زیستی بالای گونه های گیاهی، در این پژوهش گیاهان آوندی دارویی در شهرستان کازرون و مراتع اطراف آن پس از جمع آوری و شناسایی از لحاظ کاربردهای دارویی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند.روش تحقیق: برای این منظور نمونه های گیاهی بسیاری طی فصول رویشی بین سال های 1386 تا 1389 جمع آوری شدند و به صورت نمونه های هرباریومی استاندارد تهیه شدند. نمونه ها با استفاده از منابع در دسترس شناسایی شدند و در هرباریوم های مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل­ها و مراتع و دانشگاه پیام نور نگهداری شدند. اشکال زیستی و موقعیت کورولوژی آن ها نیز مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.نتایج و بحث: بر طبق نتایج به دست آمده 90 گونه گیاهی دارویی متعلق به 87 جنس و 39 خانواده در منطقه شناسایی شد. بیشترین گونه­های دارویی در خانواده نعناعیان (Lamiaceae) با 11 گونه و سپس خانواده آفتابگردان (Asteraceae) با 9 گونه قرار داشتند. بزرگترین جنس نیز جنس بارهنگ (Plantago) با 3 گونه بود. بنابراین وجود 90 گونه گیاهی دارویی نشان دهنده تنوع زیستی بالای منطقه است. از طرفی یافته­های این پژوهش با شرایط منطقه که دارای ویژگی های یک اقلیم نیمه خشک با تابستان­های خشک و میزان کم بارندگی می باشد، کاملاً منطبق است.توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به پوشش گیاهی غنی منطقه از نظر گیاهان دارویی و توجه مردم به استفاده از گیاهان نظیر خار مریم، علف مار، خارشتر و غیره نتایج این تحقیق می تواند در آینده کاربرد صنعتی داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
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127 - کاربرد گیاهانِ داروییِ مناطق جنوبی استان ایلام در درمان بیماری ها و سندرم های بالینی نشخوارکنندگان کوچک
محمود بهمنی مجید آویژگان سیدرضا حسینی حسین نجف زاده وَرزی احسان بهمنی سعید مهرزادیمقدمه و هدف: دام­پزشکی سنتی ، دانش بومی دامداران و عشایر مناطق مختلف می باشد که در درمان دام ها از مواد طبیعی به خصوص گیاهان که در دسترس می باشد استفاده می کنند. مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی همین دانش در بین دامداران و عشایر بومی برخی مناطق ایلام به مرحله اجرا در آمد. Moreمقدمه و هدف: دام­پزشکی سنتی ، دانش بومی دامداران و عشایر مناطق مختلف می باشد که در درمان دام ها از مواد طبیعی به خصوص گیاهان که در دسترس می باشد استفاده می کنند. مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی همین دانش در بین دامداران و عشایر بومی برخی مناطق ایلام به مرحله اجرا در آمد.روش تحقیق: این مطالعه از خرداد تا مهر سال 1387 در مناطق جنوبی استان ایلام انجام پذیرفت. به همین منظور ابتدا پرسش­نامه­هایی برای 36 بیماری و سندرم­های بالینی نشخوارکنندگان کوچک مانند گوسفند و بز طراحی گردید و بین 45 نفر (7 نفر زن و 38 نفر مرد) از دامداران سنتی 22 روستا از مناطق جنوبی استان که دامنه­ی سنی آن­ها بین 55 تا 75 سال بود، توزیع و همراه گردآوری اطلاعاتِ پرسش­نامه­ها، نمونه­های گیاه­شناسی، از گیاهان منطقه جمع­آوری گردید و به مرکز تحقیقات منابع طبیعی استان ایلام فرستاده شد و اطلاعاتی از قبیل نام علمی ، نام خانواده ، نام فارسی، نام محلی کردی ، اندام مورد استفاده و نحوه­ی استفاده به اطلاعات اثر درمانی هر نمونه اضافه شد. نتایج و بحث: پس از بررسی داده­ها برای 35 بیماری و سندرم­های نشخوارکنندگان کوچک، تعداد 36 گونه­، گیاه دارویی به­ دست آمد که 24 بیماری با درمان گیاهی و 11 بیماری نیز بدون درمان گیاهی، معرفی گردید. تعداد 13 گونه از گیاهان مطالعه­ی حاضر، جزء گیاهان سمی ایران هستند که مصرف نادرست و بی­رویه­ی آن­ها در دام­پزشکی سنتی می­تواند از عوامل مسمومیت در احشام باشد. در این مطالعه، تعدادی گیاه با اثرات درمانی جدید نیز معرفی شد که در منابع معتبر طب سنتی و مکمل و فارماکوپه­ی ایران نامی از آن­ها برده نشده­ است. بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه ، میوه­ی خرما در مناطق جنوبی استان ایلام، برای رفع مسمومیت ، گندم برای وَرم پستان و تنباکو برای پشم­ریزی ، کاربرد درمانی دارند. هم­چنین اسفند و جلبک برای مارگزیدگی به کار می­رود و گیاهانی چون گَوَن ، خرزَهره ، تنگرس ، بنه و زردکیش نیز برای رفع علائم تنفسی ناشی از لارو استروس اویس استفاده می­شود و گیاه مرزه­ی کوهی و تنباکو برای دفع زالوی مجاری تنفسی و حلق به نام لیمناتیس نیلوتیکا کاربرد درمانی دارند. Manuscript profile -
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128 - بررسی آگاهی، اعتقاد و عملکرد بیماران نسبت به داروهای گیاهی در مراجعین یکی از درمانگاه های دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز
نوشین بهشتی پور ندا جمالی مقدم سارا سلیمانی علی حق نگهدار علی رضا صالحیمقدمه و هدف: مصرف گیاهان دارویی از دیرباز در بین مردم دنیا رایج بوده و در آمریکا طی دهه 90 پنج برابر شده است. با توجه به افزایش مصرف داروهای گیاهی و با هدف بررسی میزان آگاهی، اعتقاد و عملکرد بیماران نسبت به استفاده از آن ها پژوهش حاضر انجام پذیرفت. روش تحقیق: این پژوهش Moreمقدمه و هدف: مصرف گیاهان دارویی از دیرباز در بین مردم دنیا رایج بوده و در آمریکا طی دهه 90 پنج برابر شده است. با توجه به افزایش مصرف داروهای گیاهی و با هدف بررسی میزان آگاهی، اعتقاد و عملکرد بیماران نسبت به استفاده از آن ها پژوهش حاضر انجام پذیرفت. روش تحقیق: این پژوهش یک مطالعه توصیفی است که به صورت مقطعی بر روی 30 نفر از بیماران مراجعه کننده به درمانگاه انجام شده است. به این صورت که پژوهشگران به این مرکز مراجعه و پرسش­نامه را که شامل اطلاعات جمعیت شناختی و سه حیطه آگاهی، اعتقاد و عملکرد افراد نسبت به استفاده از داروهای گیاهی بود را پر می کردند. سپس این اطلاعات با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS، مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: دامنه سنی زنان 47-19 با میانگین 8±30 سال و در مردان 50-22 سال با میانگین12± 27 بود. 23 % افراد زیر دیپلم، 63 % دیپلم و فوق دیپلم و 10 % لیسانس و بالاتر بودند. 63 % از افراد در مورد داروهای گیاهی آگاهی داشتند و 93% آن ها گیاهان خاصی را برای درمان تعدادی از بیماری ها می شناختند. 73 % استفاده از داروهای گیاهی را بی خطر دانسته و 96 % به داروهای گیاهی اعتقاد داشتند. 76 % معتقد بودند که مصرف داروی گیاهی نباید تحت نظر پزشک باشد. 30% از افراد معتقد بودند که باید داروهای گیاهی را حتماً از داروخانه تهیه کرد. عملکرد آن­ها در بیشترین میزان استفاده از گیاهان دارویی شامل: آویشن (63%)، گل گاوزبان (56%)، عرق نعناع (40%)، عرق کاسنی (37 %)، بابونه (33%)، چهارتخمه (23%)، عرق شاه تره (20%)، عرق خارشتر، چای سبز و خاکشیر (17%) و اسطوخودوس (13%) بود. بیشترین علل مصرف داروها جهت رفع ناراحتی معده، تعریق و گرمی، سرماخوردگی، تمدد اعصاب، سنگ کلیه و اختلالات قاعدگی بود. 77 % اظهار داشتند که در صورت وجود داروی گیاهی، آن را به داروی شیمیایی ترجیح می دهند و بی عارضه بودن، مؤثر بودن و داشتن منشأ گیاهی از دلایل آن ها بود. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به این که 93 درصد بیماران مراجعه کننده به پزشکان از داروهای گیاهی استفاده می کردند و 73% آن ها را بی خطر می دانستند، ارائه اطلاعات مفید و همه جانبه در زمینه داروهای گیاهی و آگاهی پزشکان به منظور پیش­گیری از تداخلات دارویی جهت ارتقای سطح آگاهی، اعتقاد و عملکرد و نهایتاً حفظ سلامت آن ها ضروری به نظر می رسد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - بررسی میزان مصرف گیاهان دارویی در تسکین دیسمنوره در دانشجویان ایرانشهر در سال 89-1388
تهمینه صالحیان فرانک صفدری آرزو پیرک زهرا عطاردیمقدمه و هدف: درمان با گیاهان دارویی در سراسر جهان بسیار مرسوم است. امروز استفاده از گیاهان دارویی به علت عوارض داروهای شیمیایی افزایش یافته است. بیش از ده هزار گونه گیاهی برای اهداف طبی به خصوص در درمان دیسمنوره کاربرد دارند. هدف این مطالعه تعیین میزان مصرف گیاهان داروی Moreمقدمه و هدف: درمان با گیاهان دارویی در سراسر جهان بسیار مرسوم است. امروز استفاده از گیاهان دارویی به علت عوارض داروهای شیمیایی افزایش یافته است. بیش از ده هزار گونه گیاهی برای اهداف طبی به خصوص در درمان دیسمنوره کاربرد دارند. هدف این مطالعه تعیین میزان مصرف گیاهان دارویی در تسکین دیسمنوره در دانشجویان دانشگاه های ایرانشهر در سال89-1388 بود. روش تحقیق: این پژوهش یک مطالعة توصیفی مقطعی است که بر روی 1080 دانشجوی مشغول به تحصیل در دانشگاه های ایرانشهر انجام شد. اطلاعات با یک پرسشنامه باز پاسخ جمع آوری شد. از شرکت کنندگان در مورد گیاه درمانی و سایر روش های تسکین درد قاعدگی سؤال گردید. اطلاعات با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و آزمون های آماری توصیفی تجزیه و تحلیل شد. نتایج و بحث: 580 دانشجو از گیاهان دارویی در درمان دیسمنوره استفاده می نمودند، میانگین سن شرکت کنندگان 76/0± 14/23 سال و میانگین سن منارک 27/1±78/12 سال می باشد. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که 29 داروی گیاهی مورد استفاده دانشجویان بوده است. 66 درصد نمونه ها معتقد بودند که دارو در تسکین درد قاعدگی موثر است. گیاهانی که بیشتر استفاده شدند دارچین، شوید، آویشن، رازیانه، بابونه، زیره، زعفران، بومادران و زنجبیل می باشند. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که 8/69 درصد دانشجویان از داروهای گیاهی استفاده می نمایند. در مورد تأثیر برخی از داروهای گیاهی در درمان دیسمنوره نیاز به کار آزمایی های بالینی می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - ترکیب های تشکیلدهنده اسانس برگ های چهار گونه از جنس اکالیپتوس (Eucalyptus L'Her) کشتشده در باغ گیاهشناسی کاشان
حسین بتولی عبدالحمید بامنیری عبدالرسول حقیر ابراهیمآبادی جواد صفائی قمیمقدمه و هدف: اکالیپتوس(Eucalyptus L'Her.) یکی از جنسهای اسانسدار خانواده مورد (Myrtaceae) محسوب میشود که بومی استرالیا بوده و گونههای مختلف آن در سایر نواحی گرمسیری جهان کاشته شده است. هدف از این تحقیق، استخراج و شناسائی ترکیبهای تشکیلدهنده اسانس چهار گونه از جنس Moreمقدمه و هدف: اکالیپتوس(Eucalyptus L'Her.) یکی از جنسهای اسانسدار خانواده مورد (Myrtaceae) محسوب میشود که بومی استرالیا بوده و گونههای مختلف آن در سایر نواحی گرمسیری جهان کاشته شده است. هدف از این تحقیق، استخراج و شناسائی ترکیبهای تشکیلدهنده اسانس چهار گونه از جنس اکالیپتوس کاشته شده در باغ گیاهشناسی کاشان میباشد. روش تحقیق: برگهای چهار گونه E. largiflorens، E. intertexta، E. torquata و E. loxophleba، از عرصه باغ گیاهشناسی کاشان جمعآوری شد. اسانسگیری به روش تقطیر با آب و با دستگاه کلونجر انجام شد. اجزای اسانس با استفاده از دستگاههای GC و GC/MS تجزیه و شناسائی شد. نتایج و بحث: بازدهی اسانس برگهای E. largiflorens، 85/1% (حجمی/وزنی) به دست آمد. تعداد 19 ترکیب اسانس شناسائی شد که، 1،8-سینئول (71/58%)، پارا-سیمن (42/12%)، آلفا-پینن (61/5%)، کریپتون (54/4%) و ترپینن-4-ال (53/4%) ترکیبهای عمده اسانس بودند. بازدهی اسانس E. intertexta، 5/1% (حجمی/وزنی) به دست آمد. تعداد 16 ترکیب در اسانس شناسائی شد که بیشترین ترکیبهای تشکیلدهنده اسانس، 1،8-سینئول (45/69%)، آلفا–پینن (26/14%)، گلوبولول (02/4%) و لدول (36/2%) بودند. بازدهی اسانس E. torquata، 2/1% (حجمی/وزنی) بهدست آمد. تعداد 20 ترکیب در اسانس شناسائی شد که ترکیبهای اصلی تشکیلدهنده اسانس عبارتند از 1،8-سینئول (86/33%)، آلفا-پینن (14/26%)، آرومادندرن (99/8%) و گلوبولول (28/7%) بودند. بازدهی اسانس E. loxophleba، 54/1% (حجمی/وزنی) بدست آمد. تعداد 8 ترکیب در اسانس شناسائی شد که بیشترین ترکیبهای تشکیلدهنده اسانس، 1،8-سینئول (71/25%)، گلوبولول (63/21%)، آرومادندرن (43/20%)، 4-متیل-2-پنتیل استات (98/14%) و بتا-اودسمول (92/5%) میباشند. قسمت اعظم ترپنهای تشکیلدهنده اسانس برگهای E. torquata،E. intertexta و E. largiflorens مونوترپنها بودند، در حالیکه بیشترین ترکیبهای تشکیلدهنده اسانس برگهای E. loxophleba ، سزکوئیترپنها بود. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق و به لحاظ ارزش داروئی اسانس گونههای مختلف اکالیپتوس (بهویژه درصد بالای ترکیب 8،1-سینئول)، گونه E. intertexta جهت کشت و بهرهبرداری از اسانس آن در صنایع داروئی در منطقه کاشان توصیه میگردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - بررسی اتنو بوتانی گیاهان دارویی منطقه ی سیستان
محبوبه ایران منش شهلا نجفی مهدی یوسفیمقدمه و هدف: از دیرباز تاکنون گیاهان دارویی به صورت خودرو یا کاشته شده به عنوان منبع دارویی مهمی مورد استفاده بشر و حتی جانوران قرار می گرفته اند. گیاه­شناسی سنتی روش­های ارزشمندی را برای یافتن گیاهان دارویی جدید و داروهای گیاهی عرضه می­کند. هدف از این مطالع Moreمقدمه و هدف: از دیرباز تاکنون گیاهان دارویی به صورت خودرو یا کاشته شده به عنوان منبع دارویی مهمی مورد استفاده بشر و حتی جانوران قرار می گرفته اند. گیاه­شناسی سنتی روش­های ارزشمندی را برای یافتن گیاهان دارویی جدید و داروهای گیاهی عرضه می­کند. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی گیاهان دارویی مهمی است که به طور گسترده به وسیله­ی ساکنان محلی، در درمان بیماری­ها در منطقه­ی سیستان مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرند.روش تحقیق: این بررسی با استفاده از پیمایش­های صحرایی ، باورها و اطلاعات مردمی و مطالعات اسنادی، شناسایی، دسته­بندی و معرفی این گیاهان صورت گرفته است. گونه های گیاهی از مکان­های مختلف منطقه­ی سیستان جمع­آوری و با استفاده از فلورها شناسایی شدند. برای هر گونه­ی گیاهی نام علمی ، نام محلی ، اندام مورد استفاده ، خاصیت درمانی رایج ، فرم تهیه و مصرف داروی گیاهی، تدوین شد.نتایج و بحث: این گیاهان در طب سنتی به عنوان مُدرّ ، مقوی معده، التیام دهنده­ی زخم، درمان تب ، انواع درد­ها و التهاب­ها ، خلط­آور و موارد دیگر به­کار گرفته می­شوند. تعداد 30 گونه از گیاهان دارویی شناسایی شده، عبارتند از هندوانه­ی ابوجهل(حنظل ) ، صبر زرد، اسپند، عناب، اوکالیپتوس و غیره که با مدیریت و برنامه­ریزی دقیق، می­توان آن­ها را مورد بهره برداری قرار داد.توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به محدودیت منابع داخلی ، توسعه­ی طرح­های اشتغال­زایی بر مبنای کشت و توسعه­ی گیاهان دارویی سازگار با شرایط اکولوژیکی منطقه، می­تواند حداکثر تولید و بهره­وری را داشته و راه­کارهای مناسبی برای حفظ این منابع باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - آشنایی با روش تحقیق در طب سنتی
مجید آویژگان مائده محب نسبدر کشور های دارای طب سنتی، محققین در زمینه طب سنتی با چالش های متعدد (مثل روش تحقیق) روبرو می­شوند. روش­های علمی کنونی در قدیم مطرح نبوده اند. آشنایی با روش تحقیق در طب سنتی موضوع اصلی این مقوله و شامل چند مرحله (گیاه شناسی، ادعا شناسی و انتخاب نوع مطالعه) Moreدر کشور های دارای طب سنتی، محققین در زمینه طب سنتی با چالش های متعدد (مثل روش تحقیق) روبرو می­شوند. روش­های علمی کنونی در قدیم مطرح نبوده اند. آشنایی با روش تحقیق در طب سنتی موضوع اصلی این مقوله و شامل چند مرحله (گیاه شناسی، ادعا شناسی و انتخاب نوع مطالعه) است.1.گیاهشناسی: تعریف تاریخچه، ابزار لازم برای مطالعه، ارزیابی کیفیت و انواع فرآورده گیاهی و محصولات نهائی آن، چگونگی ارزیابی بی­ضرری، سم شناسی، تأثیر بخشی، اثرات درمانی و محصولات مرکب در این بخش می­گنجد. در ارزیابی اثر بخشی و بی ضرری گیاهان دارویی، توضیح گیاه شناسی، اثرات درمانی، انواع مطالعات سم شناسی (کوتاه مدت و بلند مدت)، چگونگی مطالعات سم شناسی و آزمایشات لازم، معرفی می گردد.2. ارزیابی ادعای مؤثر بودن داروهای طب سنتی: شامل انواع، مفهوم، مشخصات، استواری، اهمیت و نوع ادعا و شواهد لازم برای اثبات آن ادعا می­باشد. 3. مطالعات برای بررسی ادعاها: مطالعات آزمایشگاهی و انسانی شامل مطالعات مداخله ای یا مشاهده ای را توضیح می دهد. هم­چنین نقش مطالعات متا آنالیز را ذکر می کند.4. نقش کمیته اخلاق در تحقیق: اصول اخلاقی پژوهش، بیانیه هلسینکی، کمیته اخلاق، حوزه وظایف کمیته، رعایت نکات حین بازنگری و یا تصویب پروتکل های پیشنهادی را روشن می کند.چک لیست عملیاتی برای اطلاعات عمومی، پیش زمینه ای، اهداف کارآزمایی بالینی، طراحی کار آزمائی، معیار ورود و خروج موارد، روش مطالعه، ارزیابی اثر بخشی، ارزیابی بی ضرری، روش های آماری، کنترل کیفی، مدیریت اطلاعات، حمایت های مالی و پوشش بیمه ای و سیاست های انتشار نتایج را شامل می شود. Manuscript profile -
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133 - بررسی اتنووتریناری گیاهان دارویی روستای مهرآباد شهرستان شهربابک، استان کرمان، ایران
نوید حسن آبادی الهام خوش بین زهرا مهدوی میمندBackground & Aim: The Mehrabad village people in Shahrbabak and Province Kerman, Southeast Iran, have used medicinal plants and traditional remedies for ethnoveterinary practices, such as treating domestic animals during livestock breeding, since ancient times.Exper MoreBackground & Aim: The Mehrabad village people in Shahrbabak and Province Kerman, Southeast Iran, have used medicinal plants and traditional remedies for ethnoveterinary practices, such as treating domestic animals during livestock breeding, since ancient times.Experimental: This study aimed to identify the plants used in their conventional ethnoveterinary methods and to propose suggestions for future conservation and sustainable use of this knowledge between 2019 and 2020. Data were collected from the local Buyi people through semi-structured interviews.Results: A total of 36 plant species, belonging to 25 families, used in ethnoveterinary practices by the Mehrabad people. During the survey, it was observed that the most prevalent families concerning the number of species were Apiaceae (13.51%), Followed by Papilionaceae (10.81%) followed by Chenopodiaceae, Lamiaceae, Liliaceae, Rosaceae, and Solanaceae (5.40% each), and the remaining families (2.70%) species. Sources and habits of medicinal plant types of growth that were herbs (60.97%), shrubs (24.39%), and trees (14.63%). Leaves (23.80%) were the most widely used plant parts for ethnoveterinary medicine, followed by Seeds (19.05), Aerial parts (19.05), and Fruits (16.66). Oral administration was the most common (70.45. %), followed by cutaneous (topical) administration (13.63%), chewing (9.09%), and smoking (6.81%). Older farmers had more excellent EVM knowledge than those who were younger.Recommended applications/industries: The information obtained in this study may help in the use and discovery of new drugs and further studies are needed to prevent the extinction of traditional veterinary knowledge (ethnoveterinary). Oral administration was the most common (42.76%), followed by cutaneous (topical) administration (36.18%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - اقدامات دارویی سنتی در درمان زخم پای دیابتی در ایالت کانو ، شمال غربی نیجریه
ساکینا سانی بالا علیو محمد هایاتو موسی علیو عبداللهی بلارابه نظیفی یوسف نوهوBackground & Aim: Diabetic foot ulceration is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus that results in considerable ill health, financial burden and mortality. Many people in Nigeria utilize medicinal plants to treat diabetic foot ulcer and related complications, MoreBackground & Aim: Diabetic foot ulceration is a severe complication of diabetes mellitus that results in considerable ill health, financial burden and mortality. Many people in Nigeria utilize medicinal plants to treat diabetic foot ulcer and related complications, nonetheless, the utilization of such plants has not been acknowledged. This study was done to validate and document the medicinal plants used in the remedy of diabetic foot ulcer in Kano State, Nigeria.Experimental: The target group of the study were herbalists and diabetic foot ulcer patients. The ethnobotanical information was obtained from willing respondents through an oral interview and a semi-structured questionnaire.Results: A total of 300 respondents were consulted in this study, and they exposed the utilization of 36 medicinal plants against diabetic foot ulcer. The frequently used plant families were Fabaceae and Rhamnaceae. Stem bark and leaves were the commonly reported plant parts used. The methods of preparation are usually by decoction or pounding the plant parts into powder; and the preparations are administered via topical (51%), oral (27%) and topical/oral (19%) routes. Moringa oleifera, Anisopus manni and Cadaba farinosa were the first three frequently cited species, while Ficus glumosa, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Guiera senegalensis were among the most preferred medicinal plants. Approximately 92% have been reported to be pharmacologically active, while 36% have similar ethno-medical claims in certain regions of the world.Recommended applications/industries: This study revealed the ethno-medicinal practices against diabetic foot ulcer in Kano State. Scientific validation of the efficacy and safety of these plants would assist towards development of better drugs and integrating some of the species into orthodox medicine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - مروری بر جنس گیاه دارویی آویشن
عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی زهره امامی بیستگانی فاطمه ملک پور -
Open Access Article
136 - معرفی برخی گونه های دارویی در خطر انقراض درکوه کلار واقع در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری
اصغر شاهرخی حمزه علی شیرمردی مریم قائد امینیمقدمه و هدف: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری به دلیل داشتن بسیاری از پارامتر های لازمه، محتوی چندین کانون فلوریستیک عمده گیاهی زاگرس مرکزی از جمله کوه کلار است. برخی از گونه های این کانون ها از دیرباز دارای مصارف دارویی متنوع و موثری بوده اند. در سالیان اخیر به دلایل مختلف، تع Moreمقدمه و هدف: استان چهارمحال و بختیاری به دلیل داشتن بسیاری از پارامتر های لازمه، محتوی چندین کانون فلوریستیک عمده گیاهی زاگرس مرکزی از جمله کوه کلار است. برخی از گونه های این کانون ها از دیرباز دارای مصارف دارویی متنوع و موثری بوده اند. در سالیان اخیر به دلایل مختلف، تعدادی از این گونه های با ارزش مورد تهدید قرار گرفته و حتی منقرض شده اند. بر این اساس لازم است بسیاری از این گونه ها، شناسایی و اقدامات لازم حفاظتی در مورد آن ها صورت گیرد. یکی از کانون های مهم فلوریستیکی در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری کوه کلار، به مساحت تقریبی 5086 هکتار که در مرکز استان واقع شده است. محدوده ارتفاعی این کوه بین 1900 تا 3814 متر از سطح دریا می باشد. میانگین بارندگی سالانه 4/511 میلی­متر و متوسط دما 45/10 درجه سانتی­گراد می باشد.روش بررسی: در این تحقیق با بیش از 30 بار مراجعه به بخش های مختلف کوه کلار، ضمن نمونه برداری از فلور منطقه به شناسایی و رده بندی گونه های آن اقدام شد و سپس اطلاعات گونه های دیگر جمع آوری شده توسط گیاه شناسانی که تا آن زمان به کلار مراجعه نموده اند، تاحد امکان به آن افزوده شد.نتایج و بحث: حدود 600 گونه از حدود 1300 گونه گیاه کروموفیت استان برای کلار ثبت شده است. از این تعداد 91 گونه گیاه دارویی شناسایی شده، به 38 تیره و 81 جنس تعلق دارند. هم­چنین تعداد 67 گونه انحصاری(Endemic) ایران در کلار یافت می­شود که 28 گونه از آن­ها دارویی هستند گونه های Achillea kellalensis Boiss. & Haus و Satureja kallarica Jamzad که انحصاری کلار نیز هستند. از نظر حفاظتی تعداد 84 گونه در کتابRed Data Book of Iran نام برده شده است. از این تعداد 61 گونه کمتر در خطر انقراض (LR)، 12 گونه آسیب پذیر (VU) و در مورد 11 گونه آن اطلاعات ناکافی (DD) است.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: از آن­جایی که اکثر گیاهان در خطر انقراض، گیاهان اندمیک و گاهاً دارویی هستند، می توان با حفظ و تکثیر آن­ها در زیستگاه های طبیعی یا خارج از زیستگاه های طبیعی، قدم بسیار موثری در حفظ ذخایر ژنتیکی و انحصاری خود برداریم. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - بررسی هیستومورفومتریک تاثیر صمغ درخت کاج بر ترمیم زخم پوستی موش صحرایی نژاد ویستار
احمد روزبهانی الهام مقتدایی مصطفی نوربخشمقدمه و هدف :از مهمترین خواص درمانی ذکر شده برای گونههای مختلف رده کاج، خاصیت ضد میکروبی، خاصیت ضد التهابی، تسکیندهندگی، برطرف کننده­ی خارش­های پوستی، درمان کننده زخمها، جوشها و بثورات جلدی و بهبود اولسرها و زخمهای مزمن می باشد. در متون طبی کهن ایران از تر Moreمقدمه و هدف :از مهمترین خواص درمانی ذکر شده برای گونههای مختلف رده کاج، خاصیت ضد میکروبی، خاصیت ضد التهابی، تسکیندهندگی، برطرف کننده­ی خارش­های پوستی، درمان کننده زخمها، جوشها و بثورات جلدی و بهبود اولسرها و زخمهای مزمن می باشد. در متون طبی کهن ایران از ترکیبات قسمتهای مختلف انواع رده کاج به خصوص صمغ آن برای درمان زخمهای مزمن استفاده شده است. پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر عصاره صمغ درخت کاج تهرانی بر روند ترمیم زخم پوستی در حیوان رت به اجرا درآمد. روش تحقیق : به همین منظور پس از عصارهگیری؛ پماد 40 درصد با پایه اوسرین از این نوع صمغ تهیه شد. پس از آن در مقام مقایسه 24 سر رت نژاد ویستار به 4 گروه 6 تایی تقسیم شدند.گروه دریافت کننده صمغ (گروه تجربی) گروه کنترل مثبت (پماد فنی توئین)،گروه کنترل منفی (گروه اوسرین) و گروه شاهد که تیماری بر روی آنها صورت نگرفت. سپس بر روی ناحیه کمری رت‏ ها زخمی با مساحت حدود 2 در 2 سانتیمتر پس از بیهوشی ایجاد شد. پس از ایجاد زخم عمل ضماد کردن پمادها تا 21 روز پس از برش انجام گردید. نتایج و بحث: در روز 3 ،7 و 21 پس از ایجاد زخم صفات مورفولوژیک و هیستوپاتولوژیک زخمها مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج بررسی آماری مساحت زخم در روزهای مختلف حاکی از آن بود که در روزهای مختلف سطح زخم به صورت معناداری کاهش یافت(05/0>p) و مشخص شد که تاثیر فنی توئین و صمغ درخت کاج یکسان میباشد و کاهش زخم در این روش تفاوت معناداری نداشته است. از طرفی کاهش سطح زخم در هر سه روش آزمایش شده از گروه شاهد بیشتر بود. از نظر هیستوپاتولوژیک نیز در گروه صمغ درخت کاج نظم رشتههای کلاژن بهترین شکل و سلولهای التهابی در کمترین میزان خود بودند که احتمالا به دلیل اثر بر روی فیبروبلاستها میباشد. توصیههای کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به اثرات مثبت صمغ درخت کاج در التیام زخم می توان از آن در ساخت پمادهای سوختگی استفاده نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - اتنوبوتانی گیاهان دارویی توسط مردم مبارکه (اصفهان)
شاهین مردانی نژاد منصوره وزیرپورمقدمه و هدف: از گذشته های دور طب سنتی با فرهنگ مردم آمیخته است و جنبه های مختلفی از درمان را به خود اختصاص داده است و در حال حاضر میزان استفاده از این شیوه بستگی به شناخت و باور مردم دارد. روش تحقیق: این تحقیق در این راستا به جهت آگاهی از اولویت های کاربرد گیاهان دارویی Moreمقدمه و هدف: از گذشته های دور طب سنتی با فرهنگ مردم آمیخته است و جنبه های مختلفی از درمان را به خود اختصاص داده است و در حال حاضر میزان استفاده از این شیوه بستگی به شناخت و باور مردم دارد. روش تحقیق: این تحقیق در این راستا به جهت آگاهی از اولویت های کاربرد گیاهان دارویی در منطقه مبارکه انجام شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد بیشترین کاربرد این گیاهان در زمینه رفع مشکلات گوارشی با فراوانی 17 درصد بود. به طوری که از 26 کاربرد در این زمینه، 53 گونه استفاده می گردید که 20 گونه جهت رفع اسهال استفاده می شد. فراوانی کاربرد گیاهان موثر بر پوست و مو در حدود 14درصد بود، به طوری که از 22 کاربرد در این زمینه، 32 گونه استفاده می شد که 8 گونه جهت رفع جوشهای صورت استفاده می گردید. فراوانی کاربرد به عنوان ضد التهاب و عفونت در حدود 11 درصد بود. به طوری که از 22 کاربرد در این زمینه، 35 گونه استفاده می گردید که 12 گونه جهت سرماخوردگی استفاده می شد. فراوانی کاربرد موثر بر دستگاه گردش خون 9 درصد بود. از 15 کاربرد در این زمینه، 33 گونه استفاده می گردید که 8 گونه جهت کاهش چربی خون استفاده می شد. فراوانی کاربرد گیاهان موثر بر تسکین درد و سیستم کلیه و ادراری به ترتیب 8 درصد بود. از 13 کاربرد در زمینه سیستم ادراری، 32 گونه استفاده می شد که 12 گونه جهت دفع سنگ کلیه استفاده می شد. فراوانی کاربرد گیاهان موثر بر رفع مشکلات غدد و متابولیسم، مشکلات عصبی و مشکلات تنفسی به ترتیب 7، 6 و 5 درصد بود. همچنین گیاهان دارویی مؤثر بر رفع مشکلات دهان و دندان و مشکلات عضلانی به ترتیب 3 و 2 درصد بود. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: بررسی ها نشان داد، بیشترین کاربرد گیاهان دارویی در منطقه در زمینه رفع مشکلات گوارشی می باشد که علت این مسئله قابل تأمل و پیگیری است. همچنین آگاهی از این کاربردها می تواند خط مشی برای دست یابی به کاربردهای دارویی جدید این گیاهان که در منابع موجود گزارش نشده نیز باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - مطالعه اتنوبوتانی گیاهان دارویی منطقه سردشت، آذربایجان غربی، ایران
حاج رضا عزیزی مریم کشاورزیمقدمه و هدف: دانش بومی در مورد گیاهان دارویی گام اساسی در بسیاری از تولیدات دارویی است. طب سنتی و داروی گیاهی بسیاری از اشخاص را در سراسر دنیا به خود جذب نموده است حتی بسیاری از کشور هایی که به صورت گسترده مصرف کننده داروهای شیمیایی هستند داروهای گیاهی را استعمال می نما Moreمقدمه و هدف: دانش بومی در مورد گیاهان دارویی گام اساسی در بسیاری از تولیدات دارویی است. طب سنتی و داروی گیاهی بسیاری از اشخاص را در سراسر دنیا به خود جذب نموده است حتی بسیاری از کشور هایی که به صورت گسترده مصرف کننده داروهای شیمیایی هستند داروهای گیاهی را استعمال می نمایند نتایج مطالعات اتنوبوتانی دال بر گیاهان مفید گسترده می باشد هدف اصلی این مطالعات شناسایی گیاهان و معرفی عملکرد و ترکیبات زیستی آن ها است ایران به واسطه زیستگاه های متفاوت و تنوع رویشی گسترده گیاهان، کشور مناسبی برای بررسی های اتنوبوتانی محسوب می گردد امروزه استفاده از ترکیبات دارویی گیاهی و کاربرد گسترده منابع طبیعی امری ضروری می باشد روش تحقیق: در مطالعات کنونی گیاهان دارویی با ارزش بومی شهرستان سردشت در طی فصول رویشی سال های 1389-1390جمع آوری و شناسایی گردیدند و با مصاحبه از مردم بومی کاربرد دقیق گیاهان دارویی و نام های علمی گیاهان ذکر شدند نتایج و بحث: 70 گونه دارویی متعلق به 29 تیره شناسایی شد نتایج مطالعات حاضر نشان داد که مردم بومی اساسا از تاکسون های دارویی تیره های آفتابگردان، چتریان، نعناعیان، گل سرخیان و باقلائیان استفاده می کنند گیاهان دارویی را در این منطقه عمدتا برای درمان مشکلات سیستم گردش خون از جمله دیابت و چربی خون به کار می برند توصیه کاربردی صنعتی: بر طبق نتایج این مطالعات حفظ و بقائ تعدادی از گونه های دارویی امری ضروری است این بررسی در حفظ دانش بومی کاربرد این گیاهان نقش بازی می کند Manuscript profile -
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140 - اثر ریزنمونه ها و هورمون های رشد در باززائی مستقیم زرین گیاه (.Boiss Dracocephalum kotschy ) با استفاده از تکنیک کشت بافت
محمود اطرشی کوثر مرادیمقدمه و هدف: در ایران 8 گونه از جنس Dracocephalum متعلق به تیره نعناعیان وجود دارد که اهمیت زیادی از نظر کاربرد در صنایع آرایشی، غذایی و به ویژه در صنایع دارویی دارند. Dracocephalum kotschy یکی از گونه های مهم انحصاری در ایران می باشد که با نام زرین گیاه مشخ Moreمقدمه و هدف: در ایران 8 گونه از جنس Dracocephalum متعلق به تیره نعناعیان وجود دارد که اهمیت زیادی از نظر کاربرد در صنایع آرایشی، غذایی و به ویژه در صنایع دارویی دارند. Dracocephalum kotschy یکی از گونه های مهم انحصاری در ایران می باشد که با نام زرین گیاه مشخص می شود، در طب سنتی کاربرد فراوانی دارد. به منظور بررسی اثر هورمون های مختلف رشد و ریزنمونه بر روی باززائی مستقیم زرین گیاه D. kotschy با استفاده از تکنیک کشت بافت، این تحقیق مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: در مطالعه حاضر تنظیم کننده رشد سیتوکینین BAP و اکسین هایIBA و NAA با غلظت های متفاوت و هم­چنین ریزنمونه های نوک ساقه، هیپوکوتیل و برگ­های کوتیلدونی در تکثیر زرین گیاه و ریزازدیادی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد بهترین تیمار و ریزنمونه بر باززائی مستقیم زرین گیاه محیط کشت پایه MS حاوی 5 میلی گرم در لیتر BAP و 2/0 میلی گرم در لیتر NAA بر ریزنمونه نوک ساقه می باشد. ریزنمونه های باززائی شده در محیط کشت MS حاوی 1 میلی گرم در لیتر BAP و 5/0 میلی گرم در لیتر IBA رشد طولی داشتند و هم­چنین در همان محیط رشد طولی، ریزنمونه ها ریشه دار شدند. گیاهچه های ریشه دار شده سپس به مرحله مقاوم سازی منتقل شدند. پس از سازگاری گیاهچه های زرین گیاه حاصل از باززائی، 95 درصد از گیاهچه­های منتقل شده به گل­خانه دارای رشد مناسب بودند. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق می توان اقدام به تکثیر و تولید ماده موثره گیاه دارویی و بسیار ارزشمند زرین گیاه نمود البته یکی از مهمترین محاسن این روش جلوگیری از انقراض و حفاظت گونه در خارج از زیستگاه خواهد بود. Manuscript profile -
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141 - خاصیت ضدباکتریایی اسانس 5 گیاه دارویی اندمیک از تیره نعناعیان
بهزاد حامدی زینب محمدی عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطیمقدمه و هدف: در مطالعه حاضر هدف اصلی تعیین خاصیت ضدباکتریایی اسانس پنج گونه گیاه دارویی بود. روش تحقیق: اسانس های 5 گونه گیاه دارویی انحصاری ایران شامل مرزه بختیاری، آویشن شیرازی، آویشن دنایی، آویشن کرمانی و کاکوتی از تیره نعناعیان به روش تقطیر با آب به دست آمدند. در شر Moreمقدمه و هدف: در مطالعه حاضر هدف اصلی تعیین خاصیت ضدباکتریایی اسانس پنج گونه گیاه دارویی بود. روش تحقیق: اسانس های 5 گونه گیاه دارویی انحصاری ایران شامل مرزه بختیاری، آویشن شیرازی، آویشن دنایی، آویشن کرمانی و کاکوتی از تیره نعناعیان به روش تقطیر با آب به دست آمدند. در شرایط آزمایشگاهی خاصیت ضدباکتریایی به دو روش انتشار دیسک و رقت سازی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که اسانس های اغلب گیاهان مورد استفاده در این آزمایش دارای خاصیت ضدباکتریایی موثری بودند. به طوری که قطر هاله ممانعت از رشد باکتری بین 7 تا 33 میلی متر بود. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: اسانس های گیاهان دارویی ایران خصوصاً آویشن دنایی و مرزه بختیاری می توانند به عنوان یک نگهدارنده ضدباکتریایی طبیعی استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - اثر روش های مختلف اسانس گیری بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس دو گونه از جنس کاکوتی (Ziziphora L)
حسین بتولی مریم اخباری سید محمد جواد حسینیزادهمقدمه و هدف: جنس "کاکوتی"(Ziziphora L.) متعلق به خانواده نعناعیان(Lamiaceae)، دارای گونههای داروئی و معطره بسیار ارزشمندی است که تاکنون بالغ بر 25 گونه از این جنس در جهان و 4 گونه یک ساله و چند ساله از ایران گزارش شده است. در این تحقیق ترکیبهای شیمیائی اسانس دو گونه& Moreمقدمه و هدف: جنس "کاکوتی"(Ziziphora L.) متعلق به خانواده نعناعیان(Lamiaceae)، دارای گونههای داروئی و معطره بسیار ارزشمندی است که تاکنون بالغ بر 25 گونه از این جنس در جهان و 4 گونه یک ساله و چند ساله از ایران گزارش شده است. در این تحقیق ترکیبهای شیمیائی اسانس دو گونه­ی کاکوتی(Z. tenuior L.، Z. clinopodioides Lam.) منطقه قمصر کاشان مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. روش تحقیق: سرشاخههای گلدار گونههای مذکور در بهار سال 1390 جمعآوری و به روش های مختلف شامل تقطیر و استخراج با بخار هم­زمان با حلال آلی (SDE)، کلونجر، اسانس­گیری با بخار سرد (با استفاده از امواج فراصوت) و تقطیر با بخار آب اسانسگیری شدند. برای شناسائی ترکیبهای تشکیلدهنده اسانس، از دستگاههای گاز کروماتوگرافی(GC) و گاز کروماتوگرافی متصل شده به طیفسنج جرمی(GC/MS) استفاده شد. نتایج و بحث: عملکرد اسانس در روشهای مختلف، در گیاه کاکوتی یا Z. tenuior بین 2/0 تا 3/2% و در گیاه کاکوتی کوهی یا Z. clinopodioides بین 3/0 تا 3/1% متغییر بود. 18 ترکیب شیمیائی در اسانس سرشاخههای گلدار گیاه کاکوتی و 33 ترکیب در اسانس گیاه کاکوتیکوهی شناسایی شدند. اجزای اصلی اسانس کاکوتی شامل پولگون (1/90%-0/80%) و پی­پریتنون (1/7%-5/4%) بودند. بیشترین ترکیبهای تشکیلدهنده اسانس کاکوتیکوهی شامل پولگون (2/35%-9/25)، پی­پریتنون (9/27%-1/10%)، منتول(5/17%-4/11%) و منتون (7/7%-0) بودند. حضور درصد بالای منتول در اسانس گیاه کاکوتیکوهی، باعث مرغوبیت اسانس این گیاه شده ­است. بهترین راندمان اسانس در دو گیاه، متعلق به روش تقطیر و استخراج با بخار همزمان با حلال آلی بود. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به خلوص 81 درصدی ترکیب پولگون در اسانس گیاه کاکوتی و با در نظر داشتن بازده حدوداً دو درصدی استحصال اسانس، می­توان در صورت کشت مکانیزه این گیاه، ترکیب مورد نظر را خالص سازی نمود. Manuscript profile -
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143 - اثر محیط های مختلف کشت بر برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک به لیمو در شرایط کشت درون شیشه ای
حسن نورافکن فاطمه سفیدکن سیدامیر موسوی مظفر شریفی احمد خلیقیمقدمه و هدف: به­لیمو با نام علمی Lippia citriodora H.B.K سال­هاست به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی و معطر کشت شده و مورد مصرف قرار میگیرد. تکثیر جنسی به­لیمو به علت عدم جوانه­زنی بذر معمول نیست و تکثیر آن غیرجنسی انجام می­شود. انتخاب محیط کشت مناسب یکی از ضر Moreمقدمه و هدف: به­لیمو با نام علمی Lippia citriodora H.B.K سال­هاست به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی و معطر کشت شده و مورد مصرف قرار میگیرد. تکثیر جنسی به­لیمو به علت عدم جوانه­زنی بذر معمول نیست و تکثیر آن غیرجنسی انجام می­شود. انتخاب محیط کشت مناسب یکی از ضرورت­های موفقیت در کشت بافت است. روش تحقیق: به منظور ارزیابی اثرات 10 محیط کشت مورد استفاده در تحقیقات کشت بافت (1- MS حاوی BAP (3 mgL-1) + IBA (0.1 mgL-1) + زغال فعال (1 gL-1)، 2- MS حاوی BAP (1 mgL-1) +IBA (0.5 mgL-1) + زغال فعال (1 gL-1)، 3- 1/2MS، 4- MS حاوی BAP (5 mgL-1)، 5- MS حاوی BAP (1 mgL-1)، 6- MS حاوی زغال فعال (1 gL-1)، 7- MS حاوی BAP (1 mgL-1) + زغال فعال (1 gL-1)، 8- MS حاوی BAP (1 mgL-1) + نیترات نقره (5 mgL-1)، 9- MS حاوی نیترات نقره (5 mgL-1) و 10- شاهد (MS)) بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک بهلیمو، آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار و سه ریزنمونه در هر تکرار انجام شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج اثرات مثبت BAP (5 mgL-1) و تا حدودی زغال­فعال را بر بسیاری از شاخص­های رشد نشان داد ولی برخلاف انتظار، نیترات­نقره تاثیری روی کاهش پیری و نکروز برگ نشان نداد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به یافته­ها می­توان محیط کشت چهارم (MS حاوی BAP (5 mgL-1)) را با داشتن بالاترین میزان از شاخص­های وزن تر شاخساره، تعداد برگ، تعداد میانگره، تعداد شاخه، وزن تر ریشه، قطر کالوس و وزن خشک ریشه به عنوان محیط مناسب کشت بافت در شرایط آزمایشی اشاره شده انتخاب و معرفی نمود. Manuscript profile -
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144 - معرفی گونه های گیاهی با خواص دارویی در منطقه نطنز (کاشان)
شبنم عباسی سعید افشارزاده عبدالرضا مهاجریمقدمه و هدف: کشور ایران در زمینه استفاده از گیاهان دارویی و طب سنتی از سابقه ای طولانی برخوردار است. منطقه یحیی آباد در 35 کیلومتری جنوب غربی نطنز در منطقه حفاظت شده کوه­های کرکس واقع شده است که بخش مهمی از فلات مرکزی ایران می باشد. از بین گونه های گیاهی این منطقه گ Moreمقدمه و هدف: کشور ایران در زمینه استفاده از گیاهان دارویی و طب سنتی از سابقه ای طولانی برخوردار است. منطقه یحیی آباد در 35 کیلومتری جنوب غربی نطنز در منطقه حفاظت شده کوه­های کرکس واقع شده است که بخش مهمی از فلات مرکزی ایران می باشد. از بین گونه های گیاهی این منطقه گونه های زیادی وجود دارند که با توجه به منابع از ارزش دارویی برخوردارند. هدف از این تحقیق، بررسی اتنوبوتانی گیاهان دارویی منطقه یحیی آباد به منظور شناخت آداب و رسوم و نحوه استفاده توسط افراد محلی از گیاهان دارویی بود.روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق ابتدا گونه های گیاهی منطقه در طی چند نوبت در سال جمع آوری و با استفاده از منابع معتبر شناسایی گردیدند. سپس با استفاده از پرسش نامه های تهیه شده، اطلاعات افراد محلی منطقه در زمینه موارد مصرف، نحوه استفاده و قسمت های مورد استفاده گیاهان دارویی جمع آوری شد.نتایج و بحث: در این منطقه 65 گیاه دارویی به صورت رایج مصرف می شود که اکثر آن­ها برای برطرف کردن درد به کار می روند، اگر چه تعداد گیاهان دارویی منطقه بیشتر می باشد اما افراد محلی در مورد کاربرد بسیاری از آن­ها اطلاعاتی ندارند و از آن­ها مصرف نمی کنند.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به ارزش دارویی گیاهان منطقه و با عنایت به خشک­سالی های اخیر که موجب تشدید چرای دام و برداشت گیاهان دارویی شده است، به نظر می رسد با اتخاذ روش ها و سیاست های حفاظتی مناسبی بتوان از بروز این مسئله جلوگیری نمود. Manuscript profile -
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145 - بررسی حقوق مالکیت فکری گیاهان دارویی و مسأله سرقت زیستی در پرتو موافقت نامه جنبه های تجاری حقوق مالکیت معنوی (TRIPS)
مریم احمدی ابوطالب کوشادر طی دو دهه گذشته نقش حقوق مالکیت فکری در تمامی زمینه های علمی و فن آوری در سطح جهانی بسیار حایز اهمیت بوده است. در وهله نخست این امر به علت قوانینی که توسط موافقت نامه TRIPS سازمان تجارت جهانی و موافقت نامه های تجاری دوجانبه /منطقه ای تدوین و تجویز شده است. موافقت نام Moreدر طی دو دهه گذشته نقش حقوق مالکیت فکری در تمامی زمینه های علمی و فن آوری در سطح جهانی بسیار حایز اهمیت بوده است. در وهله نخست این امر به علت قوانینی که توسط موافقت نامه TRIPS سازمان تجارت جهانی و موافقت نامه های تجاری دوجانبه /منطقه ای تدوین و تجویز شده است. موافقت نامه TRIPS، تمامی کشورهای عضو سازمان تجارت جهانی را ملزم به پذیرش و اجرای حداقل استانداردهای حقوق مالکیت فکری می نماید. با این وجود، در حین مذاکرات موافقت نامهTRIPS ، اجماعی در زمینه بحث برانگیز اختراعات زیست فن آوری حاصل نگردید. ایالات متحده و دیگر کشورهای توسعه یافته هیچ گونه استثنایی را بر حقوق ثبت اختراعات برنمی تافتند، در حالی که دیگر کشورهای در حال توسعه ترجیح می دادند که تمامی اختراعات زیست فن آوری را از حقوق مالکیت فکری مستثنی نمایند. عمده منابع ژنتیکی در کشورهای در حال توسعه قرار دارد و از همین رو شرکت‏های متعدد در پی دستیابی به ژن‏ها، میکروب‏ها، گیاهان، حیوانات و حتی جمعیت‏های بومی انسانی هستند تا آن‏ها را به عنوان یک کالا به انحصار خود درآورند. منتقدان، برقراری حقوق مالکیت فکری برای کشورهای صنعتی را نسبت به این منابع، "سرقت زیستی" مینامند و الزام ملل در حال توسعه را به پرداخت حق امتیاز به ملل مرفه صنعتی در ازای فرآوردههایی‏ که از منابع ژنتیکی و بعضاً از دانش سنتی خود آن ها گرفته شده، «استعمار زیستی» میدانند. صنایع دارویی، عمده ترین سارقان ذخایر ژنی و منابع طبیعی در سطح بین المللی به شمار می آیند، لذا این بر عهده کشورهای جهان سوم است که ضمن حفظ منابع و ذخایر حیاتی خود، از این مواهب طبیعی استفاده بهینه را به عمل آورند. Manuscript profile -
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146 - بررسی اتنوبوتانی گیاهان دارویی سجاسرود (استان زنجان)
مسلم سعادت پور حسین بارانی احمد عابدی سروستانی محمد رحیم فروزهمقدمه وهدف: امروزه گیاهان دارویی با توجه به جایگاه ویژهای که در بهداشت و سلامت جامعه دارند همواره مورد توجه مراکز علمی و تحقیقاتی هستند. طب سنتی و اتنوبوتانی دو موضوع مورد توجه در بسیاری از کشورهای جهان از جمله ایران هستند که با به دست آوردن اطلاعات از افراد بومی ی Moreمقدمه وهدف: امروزه گیاهان دارویی با توجه به جایگاه ویژهای که در بهداشت و سلامت جامعه دارند همواره مورد توجه مراکز علمی و تحقیقاتی هستند. طب سنتی و اتنوبوتانی دو موضوع مورد توجه در بسیاری از کشورهای جهان از جمله ایران هستند که با به دست آوردن اطلاعات از افراد بومی یک منطقه به دست میآید. سرزمین ایران با سابقه دیرین تاریخی، فرهنگی و تنوع جغرافیایی میتواند خاستگاه مناسبی برای چنین مطالعاتی باشد. مطالعه حاضر در جهت جمع آوری، شناسایی و بررسی اتنوبوتانی گیاهان دارویی منطقه سجاسرود و کاربرد سنتی آنها صورت پذیرفته است. روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه که یک پژوهش کیفی در مقوله اتنوبوتانی است، از تکنیک های کیفی گردآوری اطلاعات مانند مصاحبه بدون ساختار و مشاهده مشارکتی استفاده شد و اطلاعاتی مانند زمان جمع آوری، پراکنش اکولوژیکی، نام محلی، خواص درمانی، نحوه مصرف و اندام دارویی مورد استفاده برای گیاهان منطقه ثبت شد. نتایجوبحث: در مجموع تعداد 52 گونه دارویی متعلق به 22 خانواده در منطقه شناسایی شد. بیشترین تعداد گونه مربوط به خانواده نعناعیان(Lamiaceae) با 11 گونه و خانواده کاسنی (Asteraceae)با 7 گونه می باشند. بیشترین کاربرد محلی نیز برای درمان بیماریهای گوارشی گزارش شد. توصیهکاربردی/صنعتی: به نظر می رسد که مطالعات اتنوبوتانی گیاهان برای دستیابی به گیاه درمانی منطقی ضروری بوده و ایران ظرفیت مناسبی برای توسعه این عرصه در پزشکی دارد. همچنین به دلیل وجود محدودیت در منابع داخلی، توسعه طرحهای اشتغال زایی بر مبنای کشت و توسعه گیاهان دارویی سازگار با شرایط اکولوژیکی منطقه، می تواند راهکار مناسبی برای حفظ منابع موجود باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - مطالعه سیستماتیکی رستنی های دارویی شهرستان بوشهر
مهدی دولتخواهی ایرج نبی پورمقدمه و هدف: شهرستان بوشهر با وسعتی بالغ بر 1/177 کیلومتر مربع در مرکز استان بوشهر قرار دارد. وجود خط ساحلی با خلیج فارس و حضور رودخانه حله در این شهرستان سبب تنوع زیستگاه در منطقه شده است. با توجه به این تنوع زیستگاه، انجام این مطالعه لازم به نظر می رسد. روش تحقیق: با Moreمقدمه و هدف: شهرستان بوشهر با وسعتی بالغ بر 1/177 کیلومتر مربع در مرکز استان بوشهر قرار دارد. وجود خط ساحلی با خلیج فارس و حضور رودخانه حله در این شهرستان سبب تنوع زیستگاه در منطقه شده است. با توجه به این تنوع زیستگاه، انجام این مطالعه لازم به نظر می رسد. روش تحقیق: با جمع آوری نمونه های گیاهی در طی سال های 1390 الی 1392 و سپس تهیه نمونه های هرباریومی از آن ها و شناسایی توسط فلورهای در دسترس و نگهداری این نمونه ها در هرباریوم دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بوشهر این مطالعه آغاز و سپس داده ها مورد بررسی و تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج و بحث: نتایج حاکی از شناسایی 63 گونه گیاهی دارویی متعلق به 36 خانواده و 55 جنس در منطقه بود. پرجمعیت ترین خانواده گیاهی کاسنی (Asteraceae) با 9 گونه و بزرگترین جنس نیز بارهنگ (Plantago) با 5 گونه بود. وجود این تعداد گونه گیاهی دارویی نشان­دهنده تنوع زیستی نسبتاٌ خوب در منطقه می باشد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: قدمت استفاده مردم بومی از گیاهان دارویی و تنوع زیستی خوب گیاهان دارویی در منطقه می تواند سبب استفاده های بهینه صنعتی از این یافته ها باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - مطالعه دام پزشکی سنتی (اِتنووِتریناری) گیاهان دارویی استان کرمان
عابد کوهپایه عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی محمد مهدی یزدان پناه راوری الهام پور محسنی نسب دل آرام ارجمندمقدمه و هدف: از دیرباز دامداران بومی و عشایر مناطق مختلف از گیاهان دارویی در دسترس و موجود در همان مناطق در درمان بیماری­های دامی خود استفاده می­کرده اند. هدف از مطالعه حاضر شناسایی و آشنایی با گیاهان دارویی مهمی است که در درمان بیماری­های دامی در مناطق مختل Moreمقدمه و هدف: از دیرباز دامداران بومی و عشایر مناطق مختلف از گیاهان دارویی در دسترس و موجود در همان مناطق در درمان بیماری­های دامی خود استفاده می­کرده اند. هدف از مطالعه حاضر شناسایی و آشنایی با گیاهان دارویی مهمی است که در درمان بیماری­های دامی در مناطق مختلف استان کرمان به طور سنتی مورد استفاده قرار می­گرفته است. روش تحقیق: در مطالعه حاضر ابتدا با استفاده از پرسش­نامه های تهیه شده، اطلاعات دامداران سنتی و عشایر بومی منطقه در زمینه استفاده از گیاهان دارویی از قبیل موارد مصرف، نحوه استفاده و اندام مورد استفاده در درمان بیمارهای دامی انجام شد. آزمایش به روش میدانی و پیمایشی انجام پذیرفت. بعد از آن­که گیاهان جمع آوری شده از مناطق مختلف خشک شد اقدام به تهیه هرباریوم جهت شناسایی در دانشکده داروسازی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان شد. نتایج و بحث: در نهایت 42 گونه گیاه دارویی از نواحی مختلف منطقه استان کرمان جمع آوری گردید که در درمان بیماری­های دامی توسط دامداران و عشایر بومی منطقه مورد استفاده قرار می گرفته است. اطلاعات مربوط به هر یک از این گیاهان جمع آوری شده اعم از موارد مصرف، نحوه استفاده و قسمت مورد استفاده گیاه در داخل پرسش­نامه ها ثیت گردید. بر اساس این مطالعه گیاهان شناسایی شده برای نمونه گونه سفید مشکک برای از بین بردن شپش و انگل­های جلدی در بز و گوسفند، ارغوان در درمان زخم­های عفونی و عمیق در دام­ها و سیاه گینه در درمان دل درد و نفخ در گوسفند و سایر بیماری­های مختلف کاربرد دارند. توصیه کاربردی: نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق حاکی از آن است که با توجه به فلور غنی استان کرمان از نظر گیاهان دارویی و هم­چنین قدمت بالای دامداری در این استان، مطالعات بیشتر در این زمینه می­تواند راه­گشای تولید داروهای گیاهی جدید در جهت درمان بیماری­های دامی باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - بررسی تغییرات هیستومورفولوژی روده و پاسخ بیوشیمی سرم خون جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با گیاهان دارویی (Euphorbia hirta) و مخلوطی از اسیدهای اُرگانیک
س.ر. هاشمی ا. زولکیفلی ه. داودی م. هیر بجو ت.س. لوههدف از این مطالعه بررسی افزودن گیاه فرفیون (Euphorbia hirta) و ترکیبی از اسیدهای اُرگانیک بر مورفولوژی روده و برخی از پارامترهای خونی جوجههای گوشتی بود. بدین منظور تعداد 240 جوجه یکروزه گوشتی به طور مساوی به چهار تیمارغذایی شامل: 1) جیره پایه (کنترل)، 2) جیره پایه مک Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی افزودن گیاه فرفیون (Euphorbia hirta) و ترکیبی از اسیدهای اُرگانیک بر مورفولوژی روده و برخی از پارامترهای خونی جوجههای گوشتی بود. بدین منظور تعداد 240 جوجه یکروزه گوشتی به طور مساوی به چهار تیمارغذایی شامل: 1) جیره پایه (کنترل)، 2) جیره پایه مکمل شده با 5/7 گرم بر کیلوگرم گیاه فرفیون (EH 7.5)، 3) جیره پایه مکمل شده با 5/1 گرم بر کیلوگرم اسیدهای اُرگانیک (OA) و 4) جیره پایه مکمل شده با 5/7 گرم بر کیلوگرم گیاه فرفیون و 5/1 گرم بر کیلوگرم اسیدهای اُرگانیک (EHOA) تقسیم شدند. در روزهای 21 و 42 آزمایش خونگیری از پرندگان جهت بررسی پارامترهای خونی و در روز 42 آزمایش قسمتی از دئودنوم روده کوچک جهت بررسی بافتشناسی روده پس از کشتار انتخاب گردید. به طور کلی افزودن گیاه فرفیون و اسیدهای اُرگانیک (OA، EH 7.5 وEHOA ) باعث بهبود ضریب تبدیل غذایی نسبت به گروه کنترل گردید. همچنین افزودن گیاه فرفیون و اسیدهای اُرگانیک و ترکیب این دو مکمل باعث افزایش طول پرزهای روده نسبت به گروه کنترل شد. جوجههای تغذیه شده با اسیدهای اُرگانیک (OA) به طور معنیداری از عمق کریپت کمتری برخوردار بودند (05/0P<). همچنین نسبت طول پرز به عمق کریپت در جوجههای تغذیه شده با اسیدهای اُرگانیک (OA) به طور معنیداری نسبت به سایر تیمارهای آزمایشی بیشتر بود (05/0P<). پارامترهای خونی پرندگان تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایش قرار نگرفتند (05/0P>). به طور خلاصه نتایج آزمایشات نشان داد که افزودن گیاه فرفیون و اسیدهای اُرگانیک باعث بهبود ساختار روده کوچک و افزایش عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Ruminant Livestock and Greenhouse‐Gases (A Nutritionist Perspective)
S.B. Abdu O.W. Ehoche A.M. Adamu M.R. Hassan S.M. Yashim H.Y. Adamu M. Kabir -
Open Access Article
151 - پاسخ جوجههای گوشتی نوین به افزودن پودر دارچین در جیره
ک. شیرزادگانهدف این مقاله مطالعه پاسخهای عملکرد تولیدی، خصوصیات لاشه و اجزای پلاسمایی جوجههای گوشتی امروزی به افزودن پودر دارچین (CP) در جیره بود. جوجههای گوشتی سویه تجاری (راس 308) از 1 تا 42 روزگی مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. این مطالعه در قالب یک طرح کاملا" تصادفی با 5 تیمار و 4 ت Moreهدف این مقاله مطالعه پاسخهای عملکرد تولیدی، خصوصیات لاشه و اجزای پلاسمایی جوجههای گوشتی امروزی به افزودن پودر دارچین (CP) در جیره بود. جوجههای گوشتی سویه تجاری (راس 308) از 1 تا 42 روزگی مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. این مطالعه در قالب یک طرح کاملا" تصادفی با 5 تیمار و 4 تکرار (15 جوجه در هر پن) شامل: 1) جیره شاهد (جیره پایه)، 2) جیره پایه بعلاوه 25/0 درصد CP، 3) جیره پایه بعلاوه 5/0 درصد CP، 4) جیره پایه بعلاوه 75/0 درصد CP، 5) جیره پایه بعلاوه 1 درصد CP انجام گرفت. افزودن CP به جیره جوجههای گوشتی هیچ اثر معنیداری (05/0P>) روی کلسترول، تریگلیسرید، لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته پائین (LDL)، وزنهای چربی محوطه بطنی، سنگدان، قلب و درصد پروتئین سینه نداشت. همچنین افزودن CP اثر معنیداری (05/0P<) را روی وزن نهایی بدن، افزایش وزن بدن، مصرف خوراک، ضریب تبدیل خوراک (FCR)، وزن کبد، میزان گلوکز، تیوباربیتوریک اسید (TBA) و درصد چربی عضله سینه جوجههای گوشتی نداشت. بیشترین (05/0P<) FCR و افزایش وزن بدن در انتهای دوره آزمایش با جیره 3 مشاهده شد. به طور کلی، افزودن CP به جیره جوجههای گوشتی موجب بهبود وزن بدن و کاهش TBA، گلوکز، LDL و وزن برخی از اندامهای داخلی گشت. با توجه به نتایج اشاره شده در فوق، استفاده از پودر دارچین به عنوان یکی از اجزای خوراکی در جیره جوجههای گوشتی میتواند پیشنهاد گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - سلامت و عملکرد جوجه های گوشتی در پاسخ به شنبلیله و رازیانه
ع.ا. ساکی م. کلانتر نیستانکی ع. رحمت نژاد ف. میرزاآقاتباراثرات پودر شنبلیله و رازیانه بر فعالیت ضد میکروبی و عملکرد جوجه­های گوشتی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. بر اساس یک طرح کاملا تصادفی، 240 قطعه جوجه گوشتی (راس 308) به 4 تیمار و 4 تکرار اختصاص داده شد. تیمارها شامل کنترل (T1)، کنترل بعلاوه 5/0 درصد شنبلیله (T2)، کنترل بعلاوه Moreاثرات پودر شنبلیله و رازیانه بر فعالیت ضد میکروبی و عملکرد جوجه­های گوشتی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. بر اساس یک طرح کاملا تصادفی، 240 قطعه جوجه گوشتی (راس 308) به 4 تیمار و 4 تکرار اختصاص داده شد. تیمارها شامل کنترل (T1)، کنترل بعلاوه 5/0 درصد شنبلیله (T2)، کنترل بعلاوه 5/0 درصد رازیانه (T3) و کنترل بعلاوه 25/0 درصد شنبلیله و 25/0 درصد رازیانه (T4) بودند. جیره­ها در طول یک دوره 1 تا 42 روزه به پرندگان تغذیه شدند. نیمارهای حاوی گیاهان دارویی به طور معنی­داری عملکرد بهتری در مقایسه با گروه کنترل داشتند (05/0>P). همه تیمارها در مقایسه با گروه کنترل منجر به کاهش تعداد کل باکتریها شدند (05/0>P). تست حضور سالمونلا در همه نمونه­های منفی بود. وزن و طول روده کوچک و بازده لاشه در پرندگان تغذیه شده با گیاهان دارویی بیشتر از گروه کنترل بود (05/0>P). بنابراین استفاده از گیاهان داریی میتواند موجب بهبود عملکرد و شرایط سلامت پرنده گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - اثرات استفاده از سطوح مختلف گیاه دارویی خرفه بر عملکرد، صفات کیفی
ع. نوبختاین آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی اثرات استفاده از سطوح مختلف گیاه دارویی خرفه بر عملکرد، صفات تخم مرغ و فراسنجههای بیوشیمیایی و ایمنی خون مرغهای تخمگذار انجام گرفت. تعداد 180 قطعه مرغ بالغ تخمگذار سویههای لاین W36- از سن 65 تا 76 هفتگی در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تیما Moreاین آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی اثرات استفاده از سطوح مختلف گیاه دارویی خرفه بر عملکرد، صفات تخم مرغ و فراسنجههای بیوشیمیایی و ایمنی خون مرغهای تخمگذار انجام گرفت. تعداد 180 قطعه مرغ بالغ تخمگذار سویههای لاین W36- از سن 65 تا 76 هفتگی در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 5 تیمار و 3 تکرار (12 قطعه مرغ در هر تکرار) مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل شاهد (بدون استفاده از گیاه خرفه) و گروههای آزمایشی 2، 3، 4 و 5 که تقریباً حاوی 5/0، 1، 5/1 و 2 درصد گیاه دارویی خرفه بودند. استفاده از سطوح مختلف گیاه دارویی خرفه به صورت معنیداری عملکرد، صفات کیفی تخم مرغ و فراسنجههای بیوشیمیایی و ایمنی خون مرغها را تحت تأثیر قرار داد (05/0>P). بیشترین مقادیر مربوط به وزن تخم مرغ، درصد تولید تخممرغ، تولید تودهای، خوراک مصرفی، بهترین ضریب تبدیل خوراک، بالاترین شاخص رنگ زرده، بیشترین درصد سفیده و بالاترین مقدار لیپوپروتئینهای با چگالی بالا (HDL) خون با استفاده از 2 درصد گیاه خرفه بدست آمدند. بالاترین درصد هموگلوبین خون با استفاده از 1 درصد گیاه خرفه مشاهده شد. نتیجه نهایی نشان داد که استفاده از گیاه خرفه تا 2 درصد جیره مرغهای تخمگذار اثرات مثبتی بر عملکرد و صفات کیفی تخم مرغ دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Investigation of the Nutritional Potential of some Rangeland Plants Species by in vitro Gas Production and Fermentation Parameters in Torbat-e Jam, Iran: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression
E. Ibrahimi Khoram Abadi M. Kazemi -
Open Access Article
155 - Molecular Test for the Detection of Residual DNA in Blood, Milk, Urine and Faeces Samples from Holstein Cattle Fed with Genetically Modified Cereal
R. Nahavandi A. Javanmard S.A. Rafat H. Paya N. Asadzadeh H. Cheraghi -
Open Access Article
156 - In vitro propagation of orchid Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume var. Jawa
Mozhdeh Asa Behzad Kaviani -
Open Access Article
157 - Humic acid affects some growth parameters, chlorophyll, flavonoids, antioxidant enzymes and essential oil of Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad under salinity stress
Hadis Zaremanesh Hamid Reza Eisvand Naser Akbari Ahmad Ismaili Mohammad Feizian -
Open Access Article
158 - Influence of plant growth regulators (BA, TDZ, 2-iP and NAA) on micropropagation of Aglaonema widuri
Behazd Kaviani Shahram Sedaghathoor Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh Seddigeh Rouhi -
Open Access Article
159 - Influence of ascorbic acid on growth and micropropagation of Aloe barbadensis Mill.
Behzad Kaviani Aki Ramezani Sayad Ahmad Majd Mojtaba Khorrami Raad -
Open Access Article
160 - Role of triazolic compounds in underlying mechanisms of plant stress tolerance; a review
Fatemeh Shaki Maryam Rezayian Hasan Ebrahimzadeh Maboud Vahid Niknam -
Open Access Article
161 - The Disparity in the Germination Time of Argan Nuts (Argania spinosa L. Skeels) on the Growth of Their Seedlings in Nurseries
Kaddour MAAMAR KOUADRI Aida SAIFOUNI Kenza BOUBETRA Aissa MIHOUBIThe disadvantages encoutered for the multiplication of the Argan tree are the embryonic and integumentary dormancy, which directly affects the rate and the delay of germination, the standards of aggregation of the plants for the reforestation and in parallel on the stay MoreThe disadvantages encoutered for the multiplication of the Argan tree are the embryonic and integumentary dormancy, which directly affects the rate and the delay of germination, the standards of aggregation of the plants for the reforestation and in parallel on the stay time in the nursery. The study was conducted on Argan tree (Argania spinosa (L) Skeels) seedlings from two types of experimental germination of the kernels in the nursery: one pre-treatment with hot water and the second without pre-treatment (control); the aim is to see the effect of the duration of germination on the growth of the seedlings. The walnuts germinating for a short time gave plants of almost convergent height (varying from 23 to 25 cm), i.e., the average height was very representative and similar to the height of their plants (24.94 cm). On the other hand, walnuts with a long germination period produced seedlings of varying heights (ranging from 09 to 27 cm), with an average height different from their range of seedlings (17.46 cm). Regarding diameter growth, germination time did not affectyoung plants. When the germination period is short, it is possible to obtain homogeneous seedlings that meet phytotechnical standards for reforestation. According to this study, Argan seedlings should not be kept in the nursery for more than 33 weeks (08 months); otherwise, there is a risk of a poorly formed root system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Optimization of RNA extraction protocol for Mentha piperita
Soheila Afkar -
Open Access Article
163 - Influence of plant growth regulators (BA, TDZ, 2-iP and NAA) on micropropagation of Aglaonema widuri
Behazd Kaviani Shahram Sedaghathoor Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh Seddigeh Rouhi -
Open Access Article
164 - القای کالوس و ظرفیت اندام زایی از ریزنمونه ی پهنک اطلسی القا شده توسط بنزیل آدنین و نفتالین استیک اسید
بهزاد کاویانی دانش کاظمیتنظیم­کننده­های رشد گیاهی نقش مهمی در القای کالوس و اندام­زایی ریزنمونه­های گیاهی کشت­شده در شرایط درون­شیشه­ای دارند. کالوس پتانسیل مناسبی برای باززایی گیاه طی اندام­زایی و جنین­زایی غیرمستقیم همچنین کشت سوسپانسیون، تغییر ژنتیکی و تو Moreتنظیم­کننده­های رشد گیاهی نقش مهمی در القای کالوس و اندام­زایی ریزنمونه­های گیاهی کشت­شده در شرایط درون­شیشه­ای دارند. کالوس پتانسیل مناسبی برای باززایی گیاه طی اندام­زایی و جنین­زایی غیرمستقیم همچنین کشت سوسپانسیون، تغییر ژنتیکی و تولید متابولیت­های ثانویه دارد. در آزمایش حاضر، ریزنمونه­های برگی اطلسی روی محیط موراشیگ و اسکوگ غنی­شده با غلظت­های مختلف بنزیل آدنین (25/0، 5/0 و 1 میلی­گرم در لیتر) و نفتالین استیک اسید (1/0، 2/0 و 3/0 میلی­گرم در لیتر) کشت شدند. بیشینه­ی وزن تر (16/5 گرم)، وزن خشک (31/0 گرم) و حجم کالوس (50/24 سانتی­متر مکعب) در محیط حاوی 1 میلی­گرم در لیتر بنزیل آدنین در ترکیب با 3/0میلی­گرم در لیتر نفتالین استیک اسید به­دست آمد. ریزنمونه­های برگی در محیط بدون تنظیم­کننده­های رشد گیاهی کالوس تولید نکردند. گیاهچه­ها روی همه­ی کالوس­های رشدیافته در محیط­های حاوی تنظیم­کننده­های رشد گیاهی تولید شدند. بیشترین تعداد گیاهچه در کالوس القاشده روی محیط حاوی 1 میلی­گرم در لیتر بنزیل آدنین در ترکیب با 3/0 میلی­گرم در لیتر نفتالین استیک اسید تولید شد. گیاهچه­های باززایی­شده در شرایط درون­شیشه­ای با شاخه­ها و ریشه­های به­خوبی توسعه­یافته به­طور موفقیت­آمیزی در گلدان­های حاوی پیت و پرلایت (1:1) استقرار یافتند و در یک گلخانه طی 4 هفته با 100 درصد بقا رشد کردند. گیاهچه­های باززایی­شده از نظر مورفولوژیکی با گیاهان مادری مشابه بودند و هیچ تغییر فنوتیپی قابل­تعیینی نشان ندادند. Manuscript profile -
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165 - یک روش ساده و سریع برای ریزازدیادی گل اطلسی رقم مرلین مورن صورتی (Petunia × hybrida F1 )
شهرام مهری محمد نبی ایلکایی فرزین سعیدزادهبرای تکثیر مطلوب گل اطلسی رقم ’مرلین مورن صورتی‘، ما یک روش ساده ریزازدیادی آزمایشگاهی ابداع کردیم. برای این منظور جوانههای انتهایی 30 روزه حاصل از گیاهان رشد یافته در محیط آزمایشگاهی از بذرهای هیبرید، در محیط موراشیگ و اسکوگ (MS) تیمار شده با 36 ترکیب تیما Moreبرای تکثیر مطلوب گل اطلسی رقم ’مرلین مورن صورتی‘، ما یک روش ساده ریزازدیادی آزمایشگاهی ابداع کردیم. برای این منظور جوانههای انتهایی 30 روزه حاصل از گیاهان رشد یافته در محیط آزمایشگاهی از بذرهای هیبرید، در محیط موراشیگ و اسکوگ (MS) تیمار شده با 36 ترکیب تیماری حاصل از سطوح 6- بنزیلآمینوپورین (0، 5/0، 1، 2، 3 و 5 میلی گرم BA در لیتر) در سطوح آلفا نفتالین استیک اسید (0، 1/0، 5/0، 1، 5/1 و 3 میلی گرم NAA در لیتر) کشت داده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که فقط BA در مقدار 5/0 یا 2 میلیگرم در لیتر برای طول ساقه، تعداد ساقه، تعداد گره و تعداد برگ در مقایسه با سایر غلظتهای BA و BA در ترکیب با NAA، بهتر بود. بیشترین تعداد شاخه فرعی (44/8) و حداکثر طول ساقه (16/13سانتیمتر) در محیط MS حاوی 50/0 میلیگرم در لیتر BA بدون NAA ثبت شد. حداکثر طول ریشه (2/5 سانتی متر) و تعداد ریشه (77/8) در محیط حاوی 10/0 میلیگرم NAA لیتر مشاهده شد. گیاهان پرورش یافته در محیط آزمایشگاهی در داخل گلدانهای حاوی پرلیت و کوکوپیت کاشته شدند و در طی 4 هفته با بقای 100٪ رشد کردند. گیاهان تکثیر شده از لحاظ مورفولوژیکی با گیاهان مادری مشابه بودند و هیچ گونه تنوع فنوتیپی قابل تشخیص مشاهده نشد. Manuscript profile -
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166 - راهکارهای کسب مزیت رقابتی بر مبنای استراتژی تمرکز بر مشتریان و بازار برای توسعه و ترویج کسب و کارهای گیاهان دارویی و زینتی در استان ایلام
homayoon moradnezhadi mohamad jasemi hossein mahdizadeمتکی بودن اقتصاد ایران بر درآمدهای نفتی و تأثیرپذیری درآمدها از مسائل سیاسی و اقتصادی، آسیب پذیری اقتصاد کشور را موجب شده است. یکی از راههای مقابله با این چالش توسعه تولیداتی است که ضمن بهبودی وضعیت اقتصاد داخلی سبب افزایش صادرات غیر نفتی شود.ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ و زینتی ﻳﻜﻲ ا Moreمتکی بودن اقتصاد ایران بر درآمدهای نفتی و تأثیرپذیری درآمدها از مسائل سیاسی و اقتصادی، آسیب پذیری اقتصاد کشور را موجب شده است. یکی از راههای مقابله با این چالش توسعه تولیداتی است که ضمن بهبودی وضعیت اقتصاد داخلی سبب افزایش صادرات غیر نفتی شود.ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن داروﻳﻲ و زینتی ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ در ﮔﺴﺘﺮه وﺳﻴﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﺻﻮرت ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ، ﻛﺸﺖ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداری ﺻﺤﻴﺢ، ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ در ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و اﺷﺘﻐﺎل زاﻳﻲ و اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺻﺎدرات ﻏﻴﺮ ﻧﻔﺘﻲ اﻳﻔﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ.در این راستای مهم، پژوهش حاضر به راهکارهای کسب مزیت رقابتی بر مبنای استراتژی تمرکز بر مشتریان و بازار برای توسعه و ترویج کسب و کارهای گیاهان دارویی و زینتی در استان ایلام می پردازد.این پژوهش، به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر پارادایم، جز تحقیقات ترکیبی (کیفی – کمی) می- باشد. در قسمت کیفی از روش دلفی و در قسمت کمی از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی استفاده شده است و جامعه آماری آن در بخش کیفی صاحبنظران حوزه بازاریابی، کارآفرینی و گیاهان دارویی در استان ایلام بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری هدفمند تعداد 12 نفر انتخاب شدند و در بخش کمی هم صاحبنظران حوزه گیاهان دارویی بودند که تعداد 33 نفر شناسایی شد که مورد سرشماری قرار گرفتند. داده های مورد نیاز با استفاده از پرسشنامه مقایسه زوجی جمع آوری شد و با استفاده از نرم افزار Expert Choice11 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند که نتایج نشان داد، علاوه بر اینکه تمامی راهکارهای های شناسایی شده در رسیدن گیاهان و زیتنی به مزیت رقابتی نقش دارند، شناسایی نقاط قوت و ضعف رقبا بیشترین نقش را در به مزیت رساندن گیاهان دارویی و زینتی استان ایلام دارد. Manuscript profile -
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167 - کاربردسوپرجاذب و مالچ بر برخی صفات گل جعفری (Tagetes erecta) تحت تناوب آبیاری
حیدر العبیدی زهرا کریمیان لیلا سمیعی علی تهرانیفرکمبود آب مانعی مهم جهت توسعه و گسترش منظر شهری در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک جهان است. این روزها مواد آلی و مصنوعی می­توانند بدون کاهش در کیفیت و کمیت منظر شهری با هدف کاهش در مصرف آب مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. به منظور مطالعه اثر برخی انواع مالچ بر کاهش دور آبیاری بر روی گ Moreکمبود آب مانعی مهم جهت توسعه و گسترش منظر شهری در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک جهان است. این روزها مواد آلی و مصنوعی می­توانند بدون کاهش در کیفیت و کمیت منظر شهری با هدف کاهش در مصرف آب مورد استفاده قرار گیرند. به منظور مطالعه اثر برخی انواع مالچ بر کاهش دور آبیاری بر روی گیاه فصلی پرطرفدار گل جعفری در خاورمیانه آزمایشی در طی سالهای 1395 تا 1396 در شهر مشهد انجام شد. در این آزمایش دو تیمار شامل نوع مالچ (خاک معمولی به عنوان شاهد، مالچ تنه درخت خرما، مالچ پلاستیک و سوپرجاذب) و دور آبیاری (3، 6 و 9 روز) اعمال شد. برخی صفات مورفولوژیکی، بیولوژیکی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی در این آزمایش مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. در اغلب صفات، دور آبیاری هر سه روز یکبار در مقایسه با دورهای 6 و 9 روز یکبار افزایش معنی­داری را نشان داد. اما در صفت ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد گل و نرخ فتوسنتز هیچ تفاوت معنیداری بین دورهای آبیاری 3 روز و 9 روز مشاهده نشد. یافتهها نشان میدهد که سوپرجاذب و در مرتبه بعدی مالچ تنه درخت خرما با دور آبیاری هر 9 روز یکبار میتوانند برای گل جعفری در شهرهای خشک و نیمهخشک پیشنهاد شوند. Manuscript profile -
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168 - مقایسه پتانسیل بومی سازی گیاه Dracaena Sanderiana ‘Victory’ در محیط های نوری مختلف
Chalinda Beneragama G.D.K. Kumaraاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی توانایی گیاه Dracaena sanderiana ‘Victory’که یک گیاه برگ زینتی با اهمیت تجاری در بازارهای محلی و بین­المللی است، در محیط­های نوری مختلف و در یک گلخانه نیمه باز در پرادینا (سریلانکا) انجام شد. گیاهان هم­اندازه و هم­سن ک Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی توانایی گیاه Dracaena sanderiana ‘Victory’که یک گیاه برگ زینتی با اهمیت تجاری در بازارهای محلی و بین­المللی است، در محیط­های نوری مختلف و در یک گلخانه نیمه باز در پرادینا (سریلانکا) انجام شد. گیاهان هم­اندازه و هم­سن که آماده صادرات بودند در گلدان پلاستیکی پر شده با بستر کاشت استاندارد که به­وسیله گروه کشاورزی توصیه شده بود، پرورش داده شدند. گیاهان در معرض 4 تیمار نوری مختلف قرار گرفتند: نور کامل، 15 درصد سایه زیر توری سبز رنگ، 50 و 80 درصد سایه زیر توری مشکی. پارامترهای مورفولوژی و مرتبط با رشد اندازه­گیری شدند و ارزیابی زیبایی آن جهت تایید تناسب کلی گیاهان تا روز صدم و به فاصله بیست روز انجام شد. این رقم به شرایط نوری مختلف واکنش­های متفاوت نشان داد و صفات مربوط به برگ به شکل معنی­داری تغییر یافتند، در حالی­که سرعت رشد نسبی در همه محیط­ها یکنواخت بود. نسبت­های وزنی که از طریق ماده خشک اندازه­گیری می­شدند، تغییر یافتند، در حالی که سرعت رشد نسبی در همه محیط­ها یکنواخت بود. نسبت­های وزنی که از طریق ماده خشک اندازه­گیری می­شدند، تغییر نیافت. بیشتر پاسخ­ها زیر توری مشکی (50 درصد سایه) با توری سبز (15 درصد سایه) که نسبت R/FR آن کاهش یافته بود، قابل مقایسه بود. دریافتیم که رقم ’ویکتوری‘ می­تواند به­راحتی با شرایط نوری این مطالعه، بومی شود. نکته جالب اینکه این رقم در این شرایط نوری نمره بالای 80 درصد زیباشناسی را بدست آورد که حاکی از پتانسیل استفاده از این رقم در شرایط نوری مختلف است به گونه­ای که زیبایی ظاهری آن تغییری نکند. Manuscript profile -
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169 - معرفی ارقام برتر گلایول با شاخصه های مهم کمی و کیفی
محمدحسین عظیمی سید محمد بنی جمالیدر شرایط اقلیمی ایران یکی از فاکتورهای مهم و تعیین­کننده کمیت و کیفیت گل تولیدی، انتخاب ارقام مناسب گل­های پیازی است. به منظور معرفی ارقام برتر گلایول برای کشت، آزمایشی شامل پنج رقم ’روما‘، ’ویسسنساتیو‘، ’نووا لوکس‘، ’آ Moreدر شرایط اقلیمی ایران یکی از فاکتورهای مهم و تعیین­کننده کمیت و کیفیت گل تولیدی، انتخاب ارقام مناسب گل­های پیازی است. به منظور معرفی ارقام برتر گلایول برای کشت، آزمایشی شامل پنج رقم ’روما‘، ’ویسسنساتیو‘، ’نووا لوکس‘، ’آمستردام‘، ’وایت پراس پرتی‘ در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی پژوهشکده گل و گیاهان زینتی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت بین ارقام از لحاظ کلیه صفات مورد بررسی معنیدار بود. بطوریکه، بالاترین ارتفاع بوته، تعداد و وزن پداژکها در رقم آمستردام مشاهده شد. بیشترین میزان طول و عرض برگ، تعداد گلچه، طول سنبله و قطر ساقه در رقم ’ویسسنساتیو‘ مشاهده شد. بیشترین عمر گلدانی (66/9 روز)، وزن پداژه اصلی(80/40 گرم)، قطر پداژه اصلی (56 میلی­متر) و اندازه گلچه (25/9 سانتی­متر) در رقم ’روما‘ مشاهده شد. نتایج تجزیه همبستگی میان صفات نیز نشان داد که قطر پداژه اصلی با وزن آن (r=+0.92) و طول سنبله با طول برگ( r=+0.98) همبستگی مثبت و معنی­داری دارند. بنابراین با توجه به نتایج حاصل از آنالیز داده­ها، ارقام ’روما‘ و ’ویسسنساتیو‘ به لحاظ افزایش شاخصهای عملکرد به عنوان جایگزین برخی از ارقام قدیمی و رایج ( از جمله ’وایت پراس پرتی‘) برای کشت در شرایط کشور می­توان توصیه نمود که به جهت رقابت در بازارهای داخلی و خارجی از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. Manuscript profile -
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170 - ارزیابی پاسخ به تنش خشکی در 13 رقم گیاه همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis)
مریم ضرغامی مقدم محمود شور حسین نعمتی احمد نظامیگیاهان حاشیه­ای بخش پر اهمیتی از فضاهای سبز عمومی و همچنین باغ­های خصوصی به شمار می­آیند و مدیریت تنش امروزه به­عنوان یک عامل ارزشمند در فضاهای سبز شناخته می­شود. خشکی یک تنش غیرزیستی عمده بوده و ظاهر و نمود گیاهان را محدود می­نماید. فضاهای سبز ب Moreگیاهان حاشیه­ای بخش پر اهمیتی از فضاهای سبز عمومی و همچنین باغ­های خصوصی به شمار می­آیند و مدیریت تنش امروزه به­عنوان یک عامل ارزشمند در فضاهای سبز شناخته می­شود. خشکی یک تنش غیرزیستی عمده بوده و ظاهر و نمود گیاهان را محدود می­نماید. فضاهای سبز با نیاز آبی کم رفته رفته به یک موضوع معمول در مناطق خشک تبدیل شده و اطلاعات اندکی درباره مقاومت نسبت به کم آبی و پاسخ­های بسیاری از گیاهان زینتی به ویژه یکساله­ها یا چندساله­های علفی در دسترس است. گیاه همیشه بهار یک گونه یکساله به شمار آمده که در سراسر دنیا به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی شناخته می­شود. هدف اصلی این تحقیق بررسی و ارزیابی پاسخ­های 13 رقم گیاه همیشه بهار (فیستا گیتانا،کَندی­مَن اورنج، سیتروس کوکتیل،کَندی­مَن یلو، نئون، فروت توئست، شِربیت فیز، اوپسی دیزی، پوت ماریگلد، گرین­هرت اورنج، کالِندولا پروکوپاین، پینک سوپرایز، تاچ آف دِ رد) در برابر تنش خشکی در 2 سطح (100 و 50 % ظرفیت زراعی) به روش وزنی با 4 تکرار در شرایط گلخانه­ای بود. در پایان آزمایش برخی از صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی اندازه­گیری و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. تیمار کم آبی (50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) بیشتر صفات مورد بررسی را به طور قابل ملاحظه کاهش داده و تنها پرولین را افزایش داد(P<0.01). شاخص­ها و صفات گل مانند قطر و تعداد نیز به­عنوان صفات محوری و مطلوب با کاهش روبرو شدند. در نهایت دو رقم برتر نئون و کَندی­مَن مقاومترین­ها شناخته و گزینش شدند. به نظر می­­رسد منابع آبی مهمترین عامل موثر بر رشد و گلدهی در گیاهان یکساله حاشیه­ای بوده و کیفیت و کمیت در اثر خشکی کاهش معنی­داری پیدا می­کند. ارزیابی این صفات در کنار پاسخ­ها در مقاومت به داشتن فضاهای سبز پایدارتر و با نیاز آبی کمتر در آینده کمک شایانی خواهد نمود. Manuscript profile -
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171 - تیمار پساب (شهری و بیمارستانی) به کمک گیاهان زینتی: مرور
ضیا رحماناین مطالعه به دو نوع پساب­های تیمار نشده شامل پساب شهری (مناطق توریستی) و پساب صنایع داروسازی و چگونگی استفاده از آن­ها در زمین­های مرطوب (غرقاب) می­پردازد. در مناطق کوهستانی ایجاد یک سیستم دفع فاضلاب مناسب مشکل است و این مطالعه بر آن است که یک روش مناسب Moreاین مطالعه به دو نوع پساب­های تیمار نشده شامل پساب شهری (مناطق توریستی) و پساب صنایع داروسازی و چگونگی استفاده از آن­ها در زمین­های مرطوب (غرقاب) می­پردازد. در مناطق کوهستانی ایجاد یک سیستم دفع فاضلاب مناسب مشکل است و این مطالعه بر آن است که یک روش مناسب در اختیار ما بگذارد. در زمین­های غرقاب باید مواد سمی از آب خارج شود و برای این کار یک لایه CW سطحی احداث می­کنند. گیاهان زینتی مانند Canna flaccida، شیپوری و C. indica در این مطالعه استفاده شدند که نتایج سودمند پایداری در 80 % کاهش BOD و COD به همراه داشتند. کاربامازپین یک داروی پرمصرف است که باعث آلودگی آب­ها می­شود. با احداث یک جریان افقی زیر سطحی، این مسئله قابل حل است، برای این کار جریان عمودی در زمین مورد نظر خواهیم داشت و بعد از آن این پساب در استخرهایی مستقر می­شود. از سه گونه زینتی (Thypha latifolia, Iris sibrica, Zantedeschia aethiopica) استفاده شد و پارامترهای DO، pH و EC کنترل شد و میانگین وزن برداشت شده به­ترتیب (%) 5/4 ± 5/62 و % 5/4 ± 59 بود. نتایج نشان داد که دو گیاه اول (تیفا و زنبق) عملکرد عالی داشتند. گیاهان زینتی برای گلدهی، گیاهان تجاری مثل گل شیپوری، پرنده بهشتی، آنتوریوم و آگاپانتوس بودند. بعد از اینکه سیستم با پساب مورد نظر آبیاری شد، گل شیپوری حدود 60 گل داد و بقیه گونه­ها برگ­های بزرگی تولید کردند و بعضی از آن­ها بخاطر شرایط نامساعد محیطی از بین رفتند. داده­ها حاکی از آن است که Canna indica نتایج خوبی در مورد BOD و COD داد و گل شیپوری پتانسیل تولید گل بالایی در شرایط آب و هوایی محل آزمایش داشت. این در حالی است که در رابطه با کاربامازپین، دو تا از گونه­ها توانایی جذب مواد آلاینده را داشتند: زنبق و گل شیپوری. Manuscript profile -
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172 - تاثیر سایبان های توری رنگی بر تغذیه و رشد گیاه دیفن باخیا Dieffenbachia amoena رقم "استارلایت"
علی محبوب خمامی محمد نقی پاداشت مرضیه علی دوست طاهره رادفر رضا علی پوربرای کنترل نور خورشید در هوای آزاد و گلخانه ها در ایران، شبکه های سایه بان ضروری است. استفاده از توری های سایه بان می تواند دمای هوا را در منطقه تحت پوشش کاهش دهد. نشان داده شده است که انتخاب تورهای سایه با رنگ مناسب نقش مهمی در رشد گیاهان زینتی در شرایط مشابه دارد. به Moreبرای کنترل نور خورشید در هوای آزاد و گلخانه ها در ایران، شبکه های سایه بان ضروری است. استفاده از توری های سایه بان می تواند دمای هوا را در منطقه تحت پوشش کاهش دهد. نشان داده شده است که انتخاب تورهای سایه با رنگ مناسب نقش مهمی در رشد گیاهان زینتی در شرایط مشابه دارد. به منظور دستیابی به این هدف، آزمایشی برای بررسی تأثیر توری سایهدار در سایههای آبی، سفید و سبز (در سطح سایه 50 درصد) بر رشد گیاهان شاخ و برگ زینتی Dieffenbachia amoena انجام شد. طرح پایه آزمایش شامل بلوک های کامل تصادفی بود. در طول دوره رشد اقتصادی پنج ماهه در شرایط گلخانه، ارتفاع بوته، قطر و شاخص کلروفیل هر دو هفته یکبار اندازهگیری شد. در پایان رشد، وزن تر و خشک برگ، وزن تر و خشک ساقه، شاخص رشد گیاه و عناصر غذایی برگ اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که دیفنباخیا که در زیر شبکههای سایه آبی رشد میکند دارای ارتفاع، شاخص رشد، وزن خشک ریشه و آهن بالاتری نسبت به آنهایی است که در زیر شبکههای سایهدار سفید و سبز رشد میکنند. از آنجایی که اکثر گلخانه های ایرانی این گیاه زینتی را زیر توری های سایه سبز تولید می کنند و با توجه به اینکه این دو توری رنگی دارای قیمت های مشابهی هستند، توصیه می شود دیفن باخیا تحت شبکه های سایه آبی تولید شود. Manuscript profile -
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173 - ارزش غذایی برخی از گل های موجود در فضای سبز به عنوان منابع غذایی جدید
سمیرا نیک نژاد داود هاشم آبادی محمد صادق اللهیاریتامین منابع غذایی ایمن، طبیعی و ارزان برای جمعیت روزافزون جهان یکی از نیازهای جامعه امروزی است. گل-های خوراکی منابع طبیعی جدیدی در سبد غذایی بشر هستند. در این راستا در پژوهش حاضر ارزش غذایی 5 نوع گل خوراکی شامل جعفری (Tagetes erecta L.)، گلایل ، یوکا (Yucca gloriosa)، Moreتامین منابع غذایی ایمن، طبیعی و ارزان برای جمعیت روزافزون جهان یکی از نیازهای جامعه امروزی است. گل-های خوراکی منابع طبیعی جدیدی در سبد غذایی بشر هستند. در این راستا در پژوهش حاضر ارزش غذایی 5 نوع گل خوراکی شامل جعفری (Tagetes erecta L.)، گلایل ، یوکا (Yucca gloriosa)، داودی و ختمی درختی (Hibiscus syriacus) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که گل جعفری از بیشترین مقدار فلاونوئید کل (16.13 میلیگرم کاتچین در گرم وزنتر)، فنل کل (14.48 میلیگرم گالیک اسید در گرم وزنتر)، ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی ( 87.89 درصد بازدارندگیDPPH)، ویتامین ث (30.60 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) و پروتئین (56/1 درصد) برخوردار است. بیشترین کاروتنوئید (482.57 میکروگرم در گرم وزنتر)، آهن (2.54 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) و روی (0.27 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) برای گل یوکا ثبت شد. گل داودی بیشترین کلسیم (47.25 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) و منیزیم (2.60 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) و گل ختمی بیشترین آنتوسیانین (30.86 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) را داشت. همچنین در بین پنج گل موردمطالعه، کمترین مقدار فلاونوئید کل (11.17 میلیگرم کاتچین در گرم وزنتر)، آنتوسیانین (2.14 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر)، پروتئین (0.52 درصد)، آهن (0.36 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر)، کلسیم (9.11 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) و روی (0.14 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر) متعلق به گلایل بود. گل داودی کمترین مقدار فنل کل (0.54 میلیگرم گالیک اسید در گرم وزنتر) و ویتامین ث (8.16 میلیگرم در 100گرم وزنتر)، گل یوکا کمترین ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی ( 47.76درصد بازدارندگیDPPH) و گل ختمی کمترین مقدار کاروتنوئید (362.17 میکروگرم در گرم وزنتر) را بخود اختصاص دادند. بنابراین با توجه به وجود ترکیبات فنلی و آنتیاکسیدانی، عناصر معدنی و پروتئین در گلهای مورد بررسی میتوان جایگاهی را برای این منابع مغذی طبیعی در سبد غذایی خانوادهها در نظر گرفت. Manuscript profile -
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174 - مقایسه توان گیاه پالایی دو گیاه زینتی پوتوس و سانسوریا به هنگام مواجه با آلودگی های فضای بسته
ویدا اخوان مرکزی روح انگیز نادری الهام دانایی سپیده کلاته جاری فرشته نعمت اللهیآلودگی هوای داخل خانه یکی از مهمترین موضوعات زیست محیطی در جهان است. ترکیبات آلی فرار که از جمله آلاینده های محیط های بسته می باشند، می تواند سلامت انسان را به خطر بیاندازد. در این راستا و به منظور بررسی توان گیاه پالایی دو گیاه سانسوریا و پوتوس در حذف چهار آلاینده بنز Moreآلودگی هوای داخل خانه یکی از مهمترین موضوعات زیست محیطی در جهان است. ترکیبات آلی فرار که از جمله آلاینده های محیط های بسته می باشند، می تواند سلامت انسان را به خطر بیاندازد. در این راستا و به منظور بررسی توان گیاه پالایی دو گیاه سانسوریا و پوتوس در حذف چهار آلاینده بنزن، استون، اتانول و متانول از محیطهای بسته هدف، آزمایشی طراحی و اجرا گردید. ابتدا دو گونه گیاهی بطور جداگانه در گلدانهای مختلف کشت شدند، سپس درون محفظه های شیشهای دربسته به حجم 125 لیتر قرار گرفتند. هر گیاه به مدت 24 ساعت در معرض غلظتهای مختلف آلایندهها قرارگرفت. نتایج بررسیهای بیوشیمیایی نشان داد، درصد نشت یونی گیاهان پوتوس تیمار شده در مقایسه با شاهد کاهش یافته است اما در گیاه سانسوریا در اکثریت تیمارها افزایش یافت. در مقابل، محتوی کلروفیل کل برگ سانسوریا در تمام تیمارها افزایش داشت اما در پوتوس به جزء تیمار بنزن 50 میکرولیتر/لیتر تفاوت چشمگیری با شاهد دیده نشد. میزان فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در هر دو گیاه کاهش چشمگیری داشت خصوصا تیمار استن 50 میکرولیتر/لیتر در گیاه سانسوریا. میزان فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز در دو گیاه و تمام تیمارها نسبت به شاهد افزایش داشت و بیشترین آن در تیمار بنزن50 میکرولیتر/لیتر در گیاه سانسوریا بود. همچنین میزان محتوای پرولین گیاهان پوتوس تفاوتی نسبت به شاهد نداشت اما در سانسوریا کلیه تیمارها خصوصا دو تیمار استن 50 میکرولیتر/لیتر و اتانول 50 میکرولیتر/لیتر افزایش یافتند. با توجه به نتایج هر دو گونه استفاده شده در این تحقیق قادر به گیاه پالایی محیط های بسته می باشند و این توانایی در پوتوس به دلیل سازگاری بالاتر با شرایط، بیش از سانسوریا مشاهده شد. همچنین هنگام قرار گرفتن در معرض بنزن بیشترین و به هنگام تیمار با استون کمترین تنش و آسیب بافتی به گیاهان وارد شد. Manuscript profile -
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175 - اثر محلولپاشی اسید آسکوربیک بر ویژگیهای اکوفیزیولوژیکی پریوش (Catharanthus roseus) تحت تنش کمبود آب
علی حسینیآب یکی از مهمترین عوامل محیطی تنظیم کننده رشد و نمو گیاهان است و کمبود آب مهمترین عامل محدودکننده تولیدات گیاهی بهشمار میرود، به­ طوری که از چندین ماده شیمیایی برای کاهش اثرات مضر کمبود آب استفاده شده است. یکی از این ترکیبات اسید آسکوربیک است و دارای اثرات Moreآب یکی از مهمترین عوامل محیطی تنظیم کننده رشد و نمو گیاهان است و کمبود آب مهمترین عامل محدودکننده تولیدات گیاهی بهشمار میرود، به­ طوری که از چندین ماده شیمیایی برای کاهش اثرات مضر کمبود آب استفاده شده است. یکی از این ترکیبات اسید آسکوربیک است و دارای اثرات آنتی­ اکسیدانی در گیاهان میباشد. به­ همین منظور یک آزمایش گلدانی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملاَ تصادفی با سه تکرار جهت بررسی اثر کمبود آب بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک پریوش تحت محلولپاشی اسید آسکوربیک، در سال 1399 انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل: تنش کمبود آب در چهار سطح (1: بدون تنش آبیاری در100 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه؛ 2: تنش ملایم آبیاری در 75 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه؛ 3: تنش متوسط آبیاری در 50 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه و 4: تنش شدید آبیاری در 25 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه) و محلولپاشی اسید آسکوربیک در چهار سطح (صفر، ۲۵، ۵۰، 100 میلیمولار) بودند. نتایج بهدست آمده نشان داد که غلظت کلروفیل a و کاروتنوئید، قند محلول برگ، مقدار پرولین و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز با افزایش شدت کمبود آب افزایش یافت ولی صفات وزن خشک ریشه و بیومس کل کاهش یافتند. کاربرد اسید آسکوربیک منجر به بهبود صفات اندازهگیری شد و سطوح کاربرد اسید آسکوربیک نسبت به عدم کاربرد آن برتری معنیدار داشت و سطح 50 میلیمولار نسبت به سایر سطوح، تاثیر بیشتری، در اغلب صفات، داشت. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده، کاربرد اسید آسکوربیک برای بهبود رشد گیاهانی مانند پریوش تحت تنش خشکی قابل توصیه میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - تکثیر درون شیشه ای سفالانترا روبرا ، یک ارکید در معرض خطر، با استفاده از 2، 4-دی، نفتالین استیک اسید و بنزیل آدنین
مهدی زرگر آزاد بهزاد کاویانی شهرام صداقت حورارکیدها به دلیل طیف وسیعی از رنگها، اندازهها، شکلها و بوها در گلهایشان از محبوبیت جهانی برخوردارند. درخواست برای ارکیدها به عنوان گلهای شاخهبریده و گیاهان گلدانی در بازار گل رو به افزایش است. جوانهزنی بذر ارکیدها در حالت وحشی بسیار پایین است به طوری که آنها در طی Moreارکیدها به دلیل طیف وسیعی از رنگها، اندازهها، شکلها و بوها در گلهایشان از محبوبیت جهانی برخوردارند. درخواست برای ارکیدها به عنوان گلهای شاخهبریده و گیاهان گلدانی در بازار گل رو به افزایش است. جوانهزنی بذر ارکیدها در حالت وحشی بسیار پایین است به طوری که آنها در طی جوانهزنیشان به همزیستهای قارچی نیاز دارند. ریزازدیادی ارکیدها یک رویکرد عمده برای حفاظت و تکثیر تجاری است. Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich، یکی از گونههای ارکید در معرض خطر ایران، با استفاده از برگ به عنوان ریزنمونه، موراشیگ و اسکوگ (MS) به عنوان محیط کشت و ɑ-نفتالیناستیک اسید و 4،2-دیکلروفنوکسیاستیک اسید (هر دو در غلظتهای 0، 0/1، 0/2، 0/3 و 0/4 میلیگرم بر لیتر) همچنین 6-بنزیلآدنین (در غلظتهای 0، 1، 2، 3 و 4 میلیگرم بر لیتر) به عنوان تنظیمکنندههای رشد گیاهی (PGRs) کلون شدهاند. به دلیل آغاز یک کشت گندزدا، ضدعفونی ریزنمونههای برگ با هیپوکلریت سدیم و کلرید جیوه انجام شد. بیشترین تعداد شاخه (4/33) در محیط غنیشده با 4 میلیگرم بر لیتر بنزیلآدنین به دست آمد. بیشینهی طول ساقه (4/73 سانتیمتر)، تعداد برگ (5/33) و تعداد گره (2/86) در محیط مکملشده با 3 میلیگرم بر لیتر بنزیلآدنین به دست آمد. بیشترین تعداد ریشه (5) و بالاترین طول ریشه (4/83 سانتیمتر) روی محیط غنیشده با 0/3 میلیگرم بر لیتر نفتالیناستیک اسید تولید شد. گیاهچههای ریشهدارشده به گلدانهای پرشده با پیت و پرلیت به نسبت 1:1 منتقل گردیدند و به شرایط محیطی گلخانه با میانگین بقای 90 درصد سازگار شدند. این اولین گزارش روی ریزازدیادی C. rubra (L.) Rich است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Soft Modeling of Factors Affecting Export Development of Ornamental Plants and Flowers Industry in Mazandaran Based on Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)
Narges Mahdiee Majid Fani Majid FattahiMazandaran's share of ornamental plants and flowers industry's exports has been decreasing over the past ten years, despite its proximity to CIS countries. The aim of research was to achieve a stratified model of effective factors in the export development of ornamental MoreMazandaran's share of ornamental plants and flowers industry's exports has been decreasing over the past ten years, despite its proximity to CIS countries. The aim of research was to achieve a stratified model of effective factors in the export development of ornamental plants and flowers in Mazandaran in the form of a comprehensive stratified operational model that has a practical nature. By reviewing the research literature and attracting the opinions of experts, the subject was identified in the form of 22 factors and 98 indicators. The basis of the research was the judgments of a group of experts and export experts and export producers from Mazandaran, who were selected based on a purposeful judgmental sampling. The validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed by experts. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using interpretative structural modeling, and were drawn in terms of influence or impact on 6 levels in an interactive network. The findings showed that factors "International political and economic characteristic" and "Recreation of government in development of export" have the greatest impact on the export development of the flowers and ornamental plants industry and are considered the most basic factors and the factors "Improvement of commercial diplomacy", "Sustainable growth of economic" were also at the lowest level of effectiveness. Also, the driving force and dependence of other factors were also identifyed, in order to explain the effectiveness of the factors in the export development of this industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - آیا پلیمر سوپر جاذب می تواند تحمل کم آبی گیاهان جوان مورد را بهبود بخشد؟
سمیه اسماعیلی عباس دانایی فرکمبود آب یک مشکل جدی است که رشد، نمو و استقرار گیاهان جوان را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد. پلیمرهای سوپرجاذب (SAPs) ظرفیت بسیار خوبی برای جذب و حفظ آب، افزایش رطوبت خاک و بهبود رشد گیاهان در شرایط کم آبی نشان دادهاند. یک مطالعه گلخانه ای با سه رژیم آبیاری (50 درصد، 75 درصد و Moreکمبود آب یک مشکل جدی است که رشد، نمو و استقرار گیاهان جوان را تحت تأثیر قرار می دهد. پلیمرهای سوپرجاذب (SAPs) ظرفیت بسیار خوبی برای جذب و حفظ آب، افزایش رطوبت خاک و بهبود رشد گیاهان در شرایط کم آبی نشان دادهاند. یک مطالعه گلخانه ای با سه رژیم آبیاری (50 درصد، 75 درصد و 100درصد ظرفیت زراعی (FC) و سه سطح SAP-A200 (0، 1 و 2 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل با چهار تکرار در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی انجام شد. بر اساس نتایج، کمبود آب خاک بر ویژگیهای مورفولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گیاهان جوان مورد تأثیر گذاشت. کاهش قابل توجهی در شاخصهای رشدی در تنش کم آبی (50 درصد FC) در مقایسه با گیاهان شاهد (100 درصد FC) مشاهده شد. پارامترهای فتوسنتزی، کلروفیل کل و محتوای نسبی آب (RWC) با افزایش تنش کم آبی کاهش یافت. در مقابل، میزان نشت یونی (EL)، مالون دی آلدئید (MDA)، قندهای محلول کل (TSS)، نشاسته و فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانت افزایش یافت. کاربرد مقادیر حداقل SAP (1 و 2 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک) بیشتر این ویژگیها را در هر دو شرایط آبیاری خوب و کمآبی بهبود بخشید، به نظر می رسد در شرایط تنش های کم آبی متوسط و شدید نیاز به میزان بالاتر از SAP باشد. با این وجود، می توان ازSAP-A200 به عنوان یک روش کارآمد و اقتصادی برای استقرار سریع گیاهان جوان چوبی در مناطق کم آب استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - The Effect of Ornamental Plant Species in Reducing Pollution and Purifying the Air of Sports Facilities
Jalil Pourzarnegar Firoozeh PourzarnegarOrnamental plants are one of the cheapest and most natural elements for air purification and pollution reduction. The ability of this type of plant species to absorb pollutants and purify the air is undeniable. Today, due to industrialization and technological progress, MoreOrnamental plants are one of the cheapest and most natural elements for air purification and pollution reduction. The ability of this type of plant species to absorb pollutants and purify the air is undeniable. Today, due to industrialization and technological progress, air and environmental pollution has become an important concern in developing countries. The purpose of this research is the effect of ornamental plant species in reducing pollution and purifying the air of sports venues. Pollutants that affect the cleanliness of sports places include: Benzene, Formaldehyde, Carbon Monoxide, Trichloroethylene, Ammonia, Fume and Xylene. Eight plant species include: English ivy (Hedera helix), Aloe vera, devil's ivy (Epipremnum aureum), dwarf date palm (Phoenix roebelenii), spider plant (Chlorphytum comosum), variegated snake plant (Sansevieria trifasciata 'Laurentii'), boston fern (Nephrolepis exaltata 'Bostoniensis') and bamboo palm (Chamaedorea seifrizii). In order to purify the air and reduce pollution, pollutants were investigated for air purification and reduction of pollutants in this research. According to the results of this research (P < 0.05), the necessary information to predict the correlation of air purification with different plant species statistically showed that, based on the model, eight studied plant species have a natural correlation with air purification and Sansevieria trifasciata has the greatest effect in reducing pollution and purifying the air of sports venues (Beta = 0.348, Value = 0.966). The results showed that in any part of the world, the studied plant species are among the most effective species in air purification, so they are suitable for streets, parks and sports places. It is suggested that by using the results of this research, the relevant officials and stakeholders should pay more attention and use the mentioned plants to improve the air quality of the city and sports facilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - ردیابی و شناسایی ویروس پژمردگی لکهای گوجه فرنگی در گیاهان زینتی استان خراسان شمالی
جواد محمودی صفا سعید نصراله نژاد محمد رضایی فروه سادات مصطفوی نیشابوریدر سالهای اخیر علائم بیماریهای ویروسی مانند کوتولگی، موزائیک، رنگ پریدگی، بافت مردگی و لکههای حلقوی روی گیاهان زینتی در پارکها، بوستانها و معابر استان خراسان شمالی شیوع پیدا کرده است. ویروس پژمردگی لکه-ای گوجهفرنگی (TSWV) ، گونهای از جنس Orthotospovirus، خانواده Moreدر سالهای اخیر علائم بیماریهای ویروسی مانند کوتولگی، موزائیک، رنگ پریدگی، بافت مردگی و لکههای حلقوی روی گیاهان زینتی در پارکها، بوستانها و معابر استان خراسان شمالی شیوع پیدا کرده است. ویروس پژمردگی لکه-ای گوجهفرنگی (TSWV) ، گونهای از جنس Orthotospovirus، خانواده Tospoviridae ، راسته Bunyavirales، با ژنوم سه قسمتی (negative/ambisense) و ویروس دارای ژنوم تک رشتهای RNA است. این ویروس عامل اصلی آلودگی گیاهان زینتی در جهان است. در این مطالعه به منظور بررسی درصد آلودگی به TSWV، در اوایل پاییز ۱۳۹۹، ۳۵۰ نمونه گیاه زینتی بر اساس نشانههای مشکوک به علائم ویروسی از پارکها، بوستانها و معابر استان خراسان شمالی (شهرستانهای بجنورد و شیروان) جمع آوری شد و در شرایط خنک به آزمایشگاه منتقل گردید. در آزمایشگاه به منظور ارزیابی وجود ویروس در نمونههای مشکوک، آزمایش سرولوژیکی DAS-ELISA انجام شد و نمونههای آلوده به ویروس که در آزمون الایزا مشخص شدند به گیاهان محک Chenopodium album ، Vigna unguiculata و Datura stramonium مایهزنی گردیدند و پس از ظهور علائم به منظور تایید آلودگی مجددا با آزمون DAS-ELISA آزمایش شدند. در شناسایی مولکولی نمونه های آلوده به ویروس با استفاده از کیت کیاژن استخراج RNA صورت گرفت و با استفاده از جفت آغازگرهای اختصاصی در واکنش RT-PCR قطعه ای در محدوده باندی bp ۲۷۶ تکثیر یافت. نتایج حاصل از آزمون DAS-ELISA و RT-PCR وجود ویروس را در گیاهان زینتی استان خراسان شمالی به اثبات رساند. در مایهزنی مکانیکی ویروس مورد مطالعه هر سه گیاه محک فوق علائم مشخص بیماری را نشان دادند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Study of Genetic Diversity among Philodendron Varieties by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers
Achar Devaraja AM Jakhar Mamta Jakeer P Shetty KPVIn the present study, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity in 20 varieties of Philodendron. The polymerase chain reaction was performed with 60 RAPD primers, out of which 21 primers showed clear amplification as we MoreIn the present study, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity in 20 varieties of Philodendron. The polymerase chain reaction was performed with 60 RAPD primers, out of which 21 primers showed clear amplification as well as more polymorphism. In total, 354 scorable RAPD loci with 348 polymorphic bands (98%) were observed. Percentages of polymorphic bands ranged from 80% to 100%. Amplified DNA fragments were used for statistical analysis. The data was obtained by scoring the bands and analyzed by using STATISTICA software. A dendrogram was obtained by cluster analysis based on the presence or absence of band which indicates similarity and diversities. The cluster analysis grouped the Philodendron varieties based on the growth habits, morphological characters and also geographical origin. This indicates that there is an association between the RAPD patterns and the geographic origin of the varieties used. The genetic diversity among the varieties was moderate, which might be due to genetically heterozygous and somaclonal variation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Investigating of the Effects of Calcium Concentration under Hydroponic Conditions on Quantitative and Qualitative Growth of Lilium ‘Tresor
N. Seyedi A. Mohammadi Torkashvand M.S. AllahyariThe Asiatic hybrid lily, a bulbous ornamental plant, has a special position in the horticulture as cut flower. To overcome some problems in nutrition of bulb flowers, the use of hydroponic system and nutrient solution is important in the cultivation of these flowers. Th MoreThe Asiatic hybrid lily, a bulbous ornamental plant, has a special position in the horticulture as cut flower. To overcome some problems in nutrition of bulb flowers, the use of hydroponic system and nutrient solution is important in the cultivation of these flowers. The Asiatic Hybrid Lilium bulbs “Tresor” cultivar, used for the current research were planted under 3 different calcium levels including 2, 4 and 6 mM as randomised completely designed with five replications. Comparing the mean values of the data showed that 6 mM calcium produced maximum height of the plant, stem diameter, procreative height, number of buds, flower diameter and longevity of cut flowers Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Embryonic Axes and Cotyledons Explants of Tea (Camellia sinenesis L.)
B. KavianiIn the present study, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) was assessed individually for its effectiveness to induce somatic embryogenesis in tea (Camellia sinenesis L.). Embryonic axes and cotyledons explants were dissected from the seeds. Explants were cultured on MoreIn the present study, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) was assessed individually for its effectiveness to induce somatic embryogenesis in tea (Camellia sinenesis L.). Embryonic axes and cotyledons explants were dissected from the seeds. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0, 1 and 5 mM 2, 4-D alone for embryonic axes and 0, 1 and 5 mM 2, 4-D along with 0 and 0.5 mM IBA for cotyledons. Embryos were observed in embryonic axes explants cultured on MS medium containing 1mM 2, 4-D. No somatic embryos were seen on cotyledons explants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - بررسی اثر طول دوره تنش گرمایی بر رشد، گلدهی و نشت یونی چهار ژنوتیپ همیشه بهار
طیبه نازدار احمد ناظمی علی تهرانی فر حسین نعمتی لیلا سمیعیبه دلیل افزایش دمای کره زمین نیاز به تولید ارقام گیاهان فصلی متحمل به گرما در حال افزایش است. به منظور بررسی اثرات طول دوره دمای بالا (صفر، 7، 14 و 21 روز) بر صفات رشدی و زینتی جهت تعیین تحمل نسبی چهار نوع ژنوتیپ همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis) آزمایش گلدانی انجام شد Moreبه دلیل افزایش دمای کره زمین نیاز به تولید ارقام گیاهان فصلی متحمل به گرما در حال افزایش است. به منظور بررسی اثرات طول دوره دمای بالا (صفر، 7، 14 و 21 روز) بر صفات رشدی و زینتی جهت تعیین تحمل نسبی چهار نوع ژنوتیپ همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis) آزمایش گلدانی انجام شد. صفات ارتفاع گیاه، سطح برگ، وزن تر و خشک شاخه، وزن تر و خشک ریشه، زمان گلدهی، تعداد گل، میانگین قطر گل و دوام گل جهت بررسی رشد و نمو مورد اندازه­ گیری قرار گرفتند. ارتفاع، سطح برگ و رشد شاخه و ریشه در دمای 42 - 35 درجه سانتی­گراد نسبت به دمای 30-20 درجه سانتی­گراد به طور معنی­ داری کمتر بود. افزایش دما باعث افزایش روز تا گلدهی (گلدهی دیرتر) شد. همچنین تنش گرمایی تعداد گل، اندازه و دوام گل را کاهش داد، به­ طوری که کمترین میانگین این صفات در بین طول دوره­ های مختلف دمای بالا، مربوط به 21 روز بود. افزایش دوره تنش گرمایی در تمام ارقام باعث کاهش ارتفاع، سطح برگ، رشد شاخه و ریشه، شاخص SPAD، قطر و دوام گل گردید، اما درصد کاهش پارامترهای رشد و گلدهی در بین ارقام متفاوت بود. با افزایش مدت تنش گرما، میزان نشت یونی برگ افزایش یافت. نتایج نشان داد ارقام مورد بررسی از نظر حساسیت به تنش دمای بالا تفاوت داشتند و رقم ‘Indian Prince’ به دلیل ثبات غشای سلولی بالاتر، رشد بهتر شاخساره و ریشه و گلدهی دیرتر نسبت به سه رقم دیگر تحمل گرمایی بالاتری دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - اثر اتانول و سیکلوهگزیمید در عمر گل های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا (Alstroemeria hybrida)
دینا یعقوبی کیاسه محراب یادگاریآلسترومریا یکی از زیباترین گلهای تیره آلسترومریاسه است. یکی از مشکلات عمده این گل شاخه بریده طول عمر کوتاه برگها است که باعث کاهش ارزش اقتصادی این گل بریده شده است. البته ریزش گلبرگها قبل از پژمردگی آنها یکی دیگر از مشکلات مهم این گل بهشمار میآید. برگهای ای Moreآلسترومریا یکی از زیباترین گلهای تیره آلسترومریاسه است. یکی از مشکلات عمده این گل شاخه بریده طول عمر کوتاه برگها است که باعث کاهش ارزش اقتصادی این گل بریده شده است. البته ریزش گلبرگها قبل از پژمردگی آنها یکی دیگر از مشکلات مهم این گل بهشمار میآید. برگهای این گل به اتیلن بسیار حساس است. به منظور بررسی تاثیر متقابل اتانول و اسپری سیکلوهگزاماید بر عمر گلجایی و ویژگیهای پس از برداشت گل بریدهی آلسترومریا، آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار سطح اتانول (2،0، 4 و 6 درصد) و سیکلو هگزاماید به صورت اسپری در سه سطح (0، 5/0 و 1 میلیمولار) در 3 تکرار و 36 پلات آزمایشی با 5 شاخه گل در هر پلات انجام شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس دادهها نشان میدهد که اثرمتقابل اتانول و سیکلوهگزاماید بر صفات اندازه گیری شده شامل عمر گلجایی سطح 5 درصد و مابقی صفات در سطح 1 درصد معنیدار بوده است. مقایسهی میانگین تیمارها نیز نشان داد که تیمار سیکلوهگزاماید 1 میلیمولار به همراه اتانول 6 درصد با 94/15 روز بیشترین عمر گلجایی نسبت به شاهد (74/10 روز) و دیگر تیمارها داشته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Assesment of Air Pollution Tolerance Index of Higher Plants Suitable for Green Belt Development in East of Esfahan City, Iran
A. Abed Esfahani H. Amini N. Samadi S. Kar M. Hoodaji M. Shirvani K. PorsakhiDevelopment of a green belt with suitable plant species around the source of emission can mitigate the atmospheric contamination. Selection of such plant species are required to combat air pollution based on their tolerance level. Present study was undertaken to evaluat MoreDevelopment of a green belt with suitable plant species around the source of emission can mitigate the atmospheric contamination. Selection of such plant species are required to combat air pollution based on their tolerance level. Present study was undertaken to evaluate the tolerance level of higher plants in East of Esfahan city, Iran, during 2011 in terms of assessing Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI). Leaf extract of nine plant species showed elevated levels of pH, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll and relative water content. Stress metabolites like ascorbic acid and chlorophyll of certain plant species exhibits different levels of sensitivity and tolerance towards air pollution. Dust deposition on leaf surfaces was estimated to observe the extent of particulate deposition. The highest and the lowest deposition rates were observed in Morus alba and Cercis siliquastrum, respectively. Among the nine different plant species examined, APTI value is maximum in Morus alba suggesting its higher tolerance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - The Effect of Different Concentrations of Plant Growt Regulators on Micropropagation of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana cv. White
Behzad Kaviani Davood Hashemabadi Mohaddeseh KordiShoot tips from actively growing, greenhouse maintained plants of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana were cultured in vitro for shoot proliferation and root initiation on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with NAA and BA, both in concentrations of 0.00, 0.50, 1.00 MoreShoot tips from actively growing, greenhouse maintained plants of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana were cultured in vitro for shoot proliferation and root initiation on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with NAA and BA, both in concentrations of 0.00, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mg l-1. Results showed that the maximum plantlets height (7.012 cm), node number (4.516), root number (8.860) and root length (10.160 cm) were obtained in MS medium containing 1 mg l-1 BA + 1 mg l-1 NAA. Maximum shoot number (5.886), leaf number (8.980) and proliferation index (1.791) were calculated in medium supplemented with 1 mg l-1 BA + 0.5 mg l-1 NAA. Minimum plantlets height (1.988 cm), node number (1.283), root number (2.720), root length (3.016 cm), shoot number (1.221), leaf number (2.015) and proliferation index (0.405) were obtained in medium without BA and NAA (control). Fresh and dry weights of plantlets were calculated, too. About 85% of the micropropagated plantlets were established successfully in acclimatization medium containing peat, perlite and sand (1:1:1). Regenerated plantlets were morphologically identical with mother plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Effect of Cycocel and Daminozide on Vegetative Growth, Flowering and the Content of Essence of Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis)
Shahram Shoa Kazemi Davood Hashemabadi Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand Behzad KavianiPot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is a medicinal and ornamental plant. The effect of different concentrations of chlormequat (cycocel), and daminozide, two plant growth retardant, on plant height, flowering, the content of essence and some other traits in pot mari MorePot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is a medicinal and ornamental plant. The effect of different concentrations of chlormequat (cycocel), and daminozide, two plant growth retardant, on plant height, flowering, the content of essence and some other traits in pot marigold (Calendula officinalis) was assessed. Plant growth retardants are commonly applied to limit stem elongation and produce a more compact plant. The experiment was done as a factorial in randomized completely blocks design (R.C.B.D.) with 16 treatments and 3 replications in Rasht. Cycocel at 4 concentrations (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L) and daminozide at 4 concentrations (0, 1500, 3000 and 4500 mg/L) were used. Investigated characteristics were plant height, leaf number, flower number, flowering time, fresh weight, dry matter, the content of essence and carotenoid in flowers. Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA), the effect of different treatments and their interaction on most traits was significant at 0.05 level of probability. The minimum height (24 cm/plant) in treatment of 500 mg/L cycocel + 3000 mg/L daminozide, the largest number of flowers (4.66 flowers/plant) in treatment of 1000 mg/L cycocel + 4500 mg/L daminozide and most essence content (0.154 mg/100 g) in treatment of 4500 mg/L daminozide without cycocel were obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - بهبود ریشه زایی در قلمه های Forsythia × intermedia توسط تنظیم کننده های رشد گیاهی
بهزاد کاویانی سمیه غلامیازدیاد غیرجنسی توسط قلمه­ها یک روش مناسب استفاده ­شده برای اغلب گیاهان زینتی است. موفقیت در افزایش درصد ریشه­زایی، کاهش زمان ظهور ریشه و افزایش کارایی ازدیاد، به چند عامل مانند تنظیم­­کننده­های رشد گیاهی به­ویژه اکسین­ها بستگی دارد. ریشه& Moreازدیاد غیرجنسی توسط قلمه­ها یک روش مناسب استفاده ­شده برای اغلب گیاهان زینتی است. موفقیت در افزایش درصد ریشه­زایی، کاهش زمان ظهور ریشه و افزایش کارایی ازدیاد، به چند عامل مانند تنظیم­­کننده­های رشد گیاهی به­ویژه اکسین­ها بستگی دارد. ریشه­زایی یاس زرد مشکل است و به تیمارهای هورمونی ویژه و بسترهای کاشت مناسب نیاز دارد. کار حاضر ریشه­زایی قلمه­های یاس زرد را توسط تیمار با غلظت­های مختلف تنظیم­­کننده­های رشد گیاهی ارزیابی کرد. قلمهها 15 سانتی­متر طول داشته و پایه­ی آنها برداشته شد. بخش پایه­ی قلمه­ها با 0، 500، 1000 و 1500 میلی­گرم در لیتر از هر دوی ایندول بوتیریک اسید و نفتالن استیک اسید تیمار شدند. قلمه­های ساقه به مدت 10 ثانیه در محلول هورمون­ها نگهداری شدند و سپس در بستر حاوی سبوس برنج، شن و پرلیت و در شرایط گلخانه پرورش یافتند. بعد از 2 ماه، درصد قلمه­ی ساقه­ی ریشه­دارشده، تعداد ریشه در قلمه­های ساقه، طول ریشه و وزن تر و خشک قلمه­های ساقه تعیین شدند. بالاترین درصد ریشه­زایی (51 درصد) در قلمه­های تیمارشده با 1000 میلی­گرم در لیتر ایندول بوتیریک اسید و 1500 میلی­گرم در لیتر نفتالن استیک اسید به­دست آمد. بیشترین طول ریشه (66/4 سانتی­متر) در تیمار با 500 میلی­گرم در لیتر ایندول بوتیریک اسید و 1000 میلی­گرم در لیتر نفتالن استیک اسید به­دست آمد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Matthiola incana Micropropagation Using Shoot Tips and Callus Induction Derived from Lamina Explants and Rooting Capacity from Callus
A. Ahmadi Hesar B. Kaviani D. Hashemabadi A.R. Tarang S. Bohlooli Zanjani M. H. AnsariTissue culture is an attractive alternative for plant propagation. Micropropagation is a technique to ensure a constant and uniform source of ornamental plants. Matthiola incana is an important ornamental species mainly cultivate by seed. Matthiola incana seeds were ger MoreTissue culture is an attractive alternative for plant propagation. Micropropagation is a technique to ensure a constant and uniform source of ornamental plants. Matthiola incana is an important ornamental species mainly cultivate by seed. Matthiola incana seeds were germinated on solid MS medium without plant growth regulators. Shoot proliferation and root formation are possible using kinetin (Kn) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Shoot tips and leaf micro-cuttings derived from in vitro germinated seedlings were subcultured on solid MS medium containing Kn (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg l-1) and NAA (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg l-1) for shoot tips explants and Kn (0, 0.5 and 1 mg l-1) and NAA (0, 0.5 and 1 mg l-1) for leaf explants. Shoot tips media supplemented with 2 mg l-1 Kn without NAA and 2 mg l-1 NAA without Kn resulted in the best shoot length (1.20 cm) and root number (1.90), respectively. The callus was induced from most leaf media after four weeks of culture. MS mediums containing 0.5 mg l-1 Kn and 0.5 mg l-1. The largest number (1.94) and the highest length (16.60 mm) of roots were obtained in MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l-1 Kn+0.5 mg l-1 NAA. NAA prevented root formation originated from callus with concentration of 1 mg l-1+0.5 and 1 mg l-1 Kn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Identification and Assessment of Fungal Diseases of Major Medicinal Plants
M. Nasr Esfahani M. MonazzahMedicinal plants are infected by fungal diseases. A four years survey indicated that, there are various fungal infections in roots and shoots of several medicinal plants that grown in Isfahan. Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), rosemarry (Rosmarinus officinalis) and vip MoreMedicinal plants are infected by fungal diseases. A four years survey indicated that, there are various fungal infections in roots and shoots of several medicinal plants that grown in Isfahan. Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), rosemarry (Rosmarinus officinalis) and viper’s bugloss (Borago officinalis) plants were infected by Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani on roots, showing wilting and eventually plants death, though, F. culmorum was also isolated, but without pathogenicity on these hosts. The sage plants (Salvia officinalis) were also infected by F. solani considerably. Burdock plants (Aractium lappal) were infected not only byF.oxysporum and F.solani, but also Verticillium dahliae and V. albo- atrum and common balm (Melissa officinalisl) by F. solani. They were also simultaneously infected by Rhizoctonia solani. The aerial infections were mainly powdery mildews, downy mildews and rust. The naked seed pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. sterica) and common pumpkin (Cucurbita popo) were infected by Erysiphe cichoracearum and Sphaerotheca fuliginea., Johns-worth hypericum (Hypericum perforatum), by Leveillula guttiferatum and E. hypersici., estragon (Artemisia dracunculus) by E. artemisiae., bitter sweet (Solanum dulcamara) by E. beceleate., flixweld (Descurainia sophia) by E. communiis., marsh mallows (Althaea officinalis and Malva silvestris) by L. malvacearum., licoric (Glycyrrhiza globra) by L. leguminosar, dill (Anethum graveolens) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) by L. umbelleferatum., downy mildews were observed on spinach (Spinacia oleracea) Peronospora farinosa, summer savory (Satureia hortensis) P. Lamii and waybread (Plantago major) P. alta. There was also rust diseases on medicinal plants including, estragon (Puccinia absinthi), wild thyme (Thymus serpllum) P. serpylli, P. mentha and also on pudding grass (Mentha pulegium) and peppermint (Mentha piperita) P. mentha. white rusts, Albugo candida, were also observed on some of the medicinal plants including, flixweld and mother’s heart (Capsella bursa-pastoris). The two species of Verticillium dahha and V. albo- atrum with lower frequency on some of the medicinal plants especially on lavander, rosemarry, pudding gross, pepper mint, castor (Ricinus communis) was found and there were typical symptoms on pepper mint. Rhizoctionia solani is an another fungal infecting agents, causing dry canker on roots and underground stems of some of the medicinal plants in this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - ردیابی و شناسایی ویروس لکه حلقوی گوجه فرنگی در گیاهان زینتی استان خراسان شمالی
جواد محمودی صفا سعید نصرالله نژاد فروه سادات مصطفوی نیشابوریدر سال­های اخیر علائم بیماری­های ویروسی مانند کوتولگی، موزائیک، رنگ پریدگی، بافت مردگی و لکه­های حلقوی روی گیاهان زینتی در پارک­ها، بوستان­ها و معابر استان خراسان شمالی شیوع پیدا کرده است. ویروس لکه حلقوی گوجه­فرنگی Tomato ring spot virus(ToRSV) Moreدر سال­های اخیر علائم بیماری­های ویروسی مانند کوتولگی، موزائیک، رنگ پریدگی، بافت مردگی و لکه­های حلقوی روی گیاهان زینتی در پارک­ها، بوستان­ها و معابر استان خراسان شمالی شیوع پیدا کرده است. ویروس لکه حلقوی گوجه­فرنگی Tomato ring spot virus(ToRSV) متعلق به جنس Nepovirusو خانوادهSecoviridaeمی­باشد. این عامل ویروسی یکی از عوامل اصلی آلوده کننده گل­های زینتی در جهان محسوب می­شود. در این تحقیق جهت بررسی درصد آلودگی ویروس ToRSV، در اوایل پاییز سال 1393 مجموعا 400 نمونه گیاه زینتی به صورت کاملا تصادفی و بدون در نظر گرفتن علائم از پارک­ها، بوستان­ها و معابر استان خراسان شمالی (شهرستان­های بجنورد و شیروان) جمع­آوری شد و در شرایط خنک به آزمایشگاه منتقل گردید. در آزمایشگاه به منظور ارزیابی وجود ویروس در نمونه­های مشکوک،­ آزمون سرولوژیکی DAS-ELISA انجام شد و نمونه­های آلوده به ویروس که در آزمون الایزا مشخص شدند به گیاهان محک Cucumis sativus، Vigna unguiculata،Nicotiana glutinousa وNicotiana rusticaمایه­زنی گردیدند. پس از ظهور علائم، گیاهان محک مجددا برای تایید وجود آلودگی توسط آزمون DAS-ELISA تست شدند. شناسایی مولکولی گیاهان آلوده توسط کیت استخراج RNA (کیاژن) انجام شد و با استفاده از آغازگرهای اختصاصی ویروس در واکنش RT-PCR، یک قطعه 449bp تکثیر شد. نتایج آزمون الایزا و واکنش RT-PCR حضور ویروس را در گیاهان زینتی استان خراسان شمالی تایید کرد. در مایه­زنی مکانیکی ویروس هر سه گیاه محک فوق علائم بیماری را نشان دادند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - شناسایی گیاهان آپارتمانی بر اساس ویژگی های تصویری با کمک شبکه عصبی
نرگس قانعی قوشخانه عباس روحانی محمودرضا گلزاریان فاطمه کاظمیدر این مقاله سامانه بینایی ماشینی مبتنی بر شبکه عصبی برای شناسایی 12 گیاه آپارتمانی توسعه داده شد. از سامانه پردازش تصویر برای استخراج 41 ویژگی رنگی، بافتی و شکلی از تصاویر رو و پشت برگ گیاه استفاده گردید. ویژگی­های استخراج یافته به عنوان معیار تشخیص و و Moreدر این مقاله سامانه بینایی ماشینی مبتنی بر شبکه عصبی برای شناسایی 12 گیاه آپارتمانی توسعه داده شد. از سامانه پردازش تصویر برای استخراج 41 ویژگی رنگی، بافتی و شکلی از تصاویر رو و پشت برگ گیاه استفاده گردید. ویژگی­های استخراج یافته به عنوان معیار تشخیص و ورودی به شبکه عصبی داده شد. شبکه عصبی پرسپترون چند لایه (MLP) با الگوریتم آموزش، الگوریتم فاکتور کاهش نرخ یادگیری (BDLRF) به عنوان طبقه­بندی کننده استفاده گردید. طبقه­بندی در سه مرحله براساس قابلیت و قدرت ویژگیها در شناسایی گیاهان انجام شد. معیار قابلیت داشتن در هر مرحله با استفاده از قدرت تفکیک پذیری کلاسی گیاهان بررسی گردید. در این روش طبقه­بندی، هر مرحله نیاز به تعداد کمی از ویژگیها دارد؛ در نتیجه سرعت و دقت آن میتواند بسیار بالا باشد. نتایج نشان داد که دقت طبقه­بندی گیاهان در سه مرحله به 100% میرسد. همچنین ویژگیهای بهینه برای طبقه­بندی شامل سه مرحلهی ورودی از ویژگیهای موفولوژیکی (شکلی)، ویژگیهای رنگی HSI استخراج یافته از پشت برگ و ویژگیهای بافتی HSI استخراج یافته از پشت برگها میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - اثر اسید سالیسیلیک، اسید سیتریک و اسید آسکوربیک روی کیفیت پس از برداشت و عمر گلجای گل های بریده ژربرا
مونا مهدی خواه رسول انسی نژاد محمد نبی ایلکایی بهزاد کاویانیگل بریده ژربرا به آلودگی میکروبی حساس است و عمر گلجایی کوتاهی دارد. اثر اسید سالیسیلیک، اسید سیتریک و اسید آسکوربیک (50، 100 و 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) روی عمر گلجای گل­های ژربرا ارزیابی شد. تغییرات در عمر گلجای، جذب آب و جمعیت باکتریایی در ساقه و محلول گلجای، همچن Moreگل بریده ژربرا به آلودگی میکروبی حساس است و عمر گلجایی کوتاهی دارد. اثر اسید سالیسیلیک، اسید سیتریک و اسید آسکوربیک (50، 100 و 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر) روی عمر گلجای گل­های ژربرا ارزیابی شد. تغییرات در عمر گلجای، جذب آب و جمعیت باکتریایی در ساقه و محلول گلجای، همچنین ویژگی­های بیوشیمیایی مانند غلظت پروتیین، سطح پراکسیده­شدن لیپید و فعالیت آنزیم­هایی نظیر سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و پراکسیداز اندازه­گیری شدند و با شاهد مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشینه عمر گلجای (31/11 و 21/11 روز) به­ترتیب در 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر هم اسید سیتریک و هم اسید سالیسیلیک به­دست آمد. عمر گلجایی گل­های شاخه­بریده شاهد 80/5 روز بود. بیشترین جذب محلول (907/0 میلی­لیتر بر گرم وزن تر) همچنین در 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک به­دست آمد. کمترین کلنی باکتریایی در انتهای ساقه (151) و محلول گلجای (33/66) در 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک به­دست آمد. تفاوت­ها بین میزان کلنی­های باکتریایی در محلول گلجای حاوی 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک و 100 و 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سالیسیلیک با 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک معنی­دار نبود. کمترین مقدار (04/46 و 21/46 نانومول بر گرم وزن تر) پراکسیده­شدن لیپید (MDA) به­ترتیب از گل­های بریده تیمارشده با 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک و 100 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سالیسیلیک به­دست آمد. بیشینه فعالیت پراکسیداز (063/0 میلی­مول بر گرم وزن تر) و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (80/40 نانو­مول بر گرم وزن تر) در 200 میلی­گرم بر لیتر اسید سیتریک مشاهده شد. Manuscript profile -
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195 - ریزافزایی شاهپسند درختی از طریق پرآوری شاخساره های جانبی
احسان نادری سمانی زهره جبارزاده سیروس قبادیدر این پژوهش، انگیزش جوانه و باززایی شاخساره شاهپسند درختی با استفاده از ریزنمونههای گره (جوانه جانبی) در شرایط درون شیشهای ارزیابی شد. جهت پرآوری شاخساره، محیط کشت موراشیگ و اسکوگ (MS) به همراه 0، 2، 4 و 8 میلی گرم در لیتر BAP یا TDZ بررسی شد. ریشه­زایی نی Moreدر این پژوهش، انگیزش جوانه و باززایی شاخساره شاهپسند درختی با استفاده از ریزنمونههای گره (جوانه جانبی) در شرایط درون شیشهای ارزیابی شد. جهت پرآوری شاخساره، محیط کشت موراشیگ و اسکوگ (MS) به همراه 0، 2، 4 و 8 میلی گرم در لیتر BAP یا TDZ بررسی شد. ریشه­زایی نیز در محیط کشت MS همراه با 0، 25/0 و 50/0 میلی­گرم در لیتر IBA مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بعد از گذشت 4 هفته از زمان کشت، ارزیابی­ها انجام شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد شاخساره باززایی شده در محیط کشت MS همراه با 8 میلی­گرم در لیتر BAP و بیشترین تعداد جوانه در تیمار 8 میلی­گرم در لیتر TDZ به دست آمد. نتایج نشان دادند بیشترین طول شاخسارهها، طول میانگرهها و وزن شاخسارهها در محیط کشت MS بدون تنظیم کنندههای رشد مشاهده شد. غلظت­های مناسب سایتوکینین سبب افزایش در سنتز RNA، DNA و پروتئین شده و در نتیجه سبب انگیزش شاخساره می­شوند. تفاوت در غلظت BAP می­تواند تحت تاثیر عوامل ژنتیکی و شرایط آزمایش باشد. غلظتهای خیلی کم TDZ باعث تحریک پرآوری شاخسارههای جانبی در گیاهان چوبی می­شوند. مولکولهای گیرنده TDZ سازگاری زیادی با تنظیم کننده­های رشد دارند. در این پژوهش بیشترین تعداد ریشه نیز در محیط کشت MS همراه با 25/0 میلی گرم در لیتر IBA به دست آمد. IBA یکی از تنظیم کنندههای رشد قوی در محیط کشت است که باعث تحریک و افزایش تعداد ریشهها میشود. IBA سبب افزایش IAA درونی میشود که برای رشد نرمال مریستم­های ریشه و توسعه ریشهها لازم است. یکی از اثرات اکسین­ها طویل شدن سلول­ها است اما سلول­های ریشه نیاز به غلظت­های کمتر اکسین برای رشد دارند چرا که اکسین تولید اتیلن را تحریک می­کند و اتیلن نیز یک بازدارنده رشد محسوب می­شود Manuscript profile -
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196 - تریپسهای موجود روی گیاهان زینتی در محلات، استان مرکزی، ایران
مجید میراب بالو سید سعید مدرس نجف آبادی خشنود نورالهیانواع تریپس از روی گیاهان زینتی مختلف در سال 2014 از محلات (استان مرکزی)، ایران جمعآوری شد. در این مطالعه، 11 گونه در 6 جنس و 3 خانواده مختلف تایسانوپترا جمعآوری و شناسایی شد. نامهای علمی گونههای تریپس جمعآوری شده عبارتند از: Melanthrips knechteli, M. pallidior, F Moreانواع تریپس از روی گیاهان زینتی مختلف در سال 2014 از محلات (استان مرکزی)، ایران جمعآوری شد. در این مطالعه، 11 گونه در 6 جنس و 3 خانواده مختلف تایسانوپترا جمعآوری و شناسایی شد. نامهای علمی گونههای تریپس جمعآوری شده عبارتند از: Melanthrips knechteli, M. pallidior, Frankliniella intonsa, F. occidentalis, Microcephalothrips abdominalis, Tenothrips discolor, T. latoides, Thrips meridionalis, T. nigropilosus, T. tabaci, and Haplothrips reuteri . در بین این گونهها 7 گونه جدیدا در فون استان مرکزی به ثبت رسیدند. تعداد زیادی از دو گونهی زیانبار Thrips tabaciو occidentalis Frankliniella در همه گلها و گیاهان زینتی مشاهده شدند. در این مطالعه یک کلید شناسایی برای تریپسهای گیاهخوار بهدست آمد. Manuscript profile -
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197 - The Assessment of Atmospheric Pollution of Heavy Metals with the Help of Ornamental Plants in Isfahan Landscape
Reza Shahabi Mohamadabadi Mehran Hoodaji Davood Hashemabadi Mitra AtaabadiPlants are the most common bioindicatorsused in air quality biomonitoring studies because they are immobile and they have more sensitive to the most prevalent air pollutants than humans and animals. To identify the concentrations and sources of heavy metals in ornamenta MorePlants are the most common bioindicatorsused in air quality biomonitoring studies because they are immobile and they have more sensitive to the most prevalent air pollutants than humans and animals. To identify the concentrations and sources of heavy metals in ornamental plants of Isfahan landscape, samples of leaves and soil around Pinuseldarica and Nerium oleander were collected at different distances (1, 4 and 10 km) from the most populated and dense vehicle traffic area of Isfahan and control site with and opposite wind directions (SW and NE).For determination of heavy metal contamination source, plant leaves were washed with distilled water. Finally, concentrations of zinc, lead and cadmium in soil and plant samples were determined by atomic absorption. Heavy metals were found at higher concentrations in the all studied sites in comparison with control. Heavy metal concentrations were in-creased with reducing distance from contamination center with wind direction. Negligiblecorrelation between plant available Zn and Pb concentrations in soil and metal contents in plant leaves and reduction of these metals by water washing treatment indicated that soil cannot be the source of metal ontamination in plants. Both ornamental plants were found to be appropriate indicators for airborne Zn and Pb contamination, especially Nerium oleander. Manuscript profile -
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198 - Morphophysiologicals Problems in Acclimatization of Micropropagated Plants in -Ex Vitro Conditions- A Reviews
Kshitij Kumar I. U. RaoPlant tissue culture refers to growing and multiplication of cells, tissues and organs of plants on defined solid or liquid media under aseptic and controlled environment. Micropropagation allows rapid production of high quality, disease-free and uniform planting materi MorePlant tissue culture refers to growing and multiplication of cells, tissues and organs of plants on defined solid or liquid media under aseptic and controlled environment. Micropropagation allows rapid production of high quality, disease-free and uniform planting material. The micropropagation of high quality planting materials of ornamentals, and forest and fruit trees has created new opportunities in global trading for producers, farmers, and nursery owners, and for rural employment. A substantial number of micropropagated plants do not survive transfer from in vitro conditions to greenhouse or field environments. The greenhouse and field have substantially lower relative humidity, higher light level and septic environment that are stressful to micro-propagated plants compared to in vitro conditions. It is possible to acclimatize plantlets during in vitro as well as in vivo by various methods and thereby fa-cilitating the successful transfer of in vitro cultured plantlets to soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Morphophysiological Response of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) to Foliar Application of Iron Nano Chelate and Zinc Nano Chelate
Hamidreza Javanmard sadaf farahani Hossein Ali Asadi-GharnehThe present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application of iron and zinc nanochlate treatments including control (foliar application with distilled water), concentrations of iron and zinc nanocholate (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g/l) on morphological characte MoreThe present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application of iron and zinc nanochlate treatments including control (foliar application with distilled water), concentrations of iron and zinc nanocholate (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g/l) on morphological characteristics of coriander in 2019-2020 performed in a randomized complete block design with 9 treatments and 3 replications in experimental plots. The results showed that the highest amount of chlorophyll a, total and carotenoids was obtained in the treatment of 2 g/l iron nanoclate and the highest amount of chlorophyll b was obtained in the treatments of 2 g/l iron and zinc nanoclate. The highest leaf area was obtained in the treatment of 2 g/l iron nanoclate with an amount of 3230 cm2. The highest number of umbel was obtained in the treatment of 2 g/l iron nanoclate with 25.33. The highest plant height was obtained in the treatment of 2 g/l zinc nanoclate with a rate of 102.33 cm. The highest 1000-seed weight , highest number of seeds per umbel and the highest number of sub-branches of the plant(with the amount of 11.33) was obtained in the treatments of 2 g/l zinc and iron nanoclate. In general, the results of this study confirm that foliar application of iron and zinc nanoclate treatments had an effect on the growth properties of coriander, so according to the results and considering the positive effect of the studied treatments, it can be Suggested application of iron and zinc nanoclates in coriander nutritional programs. Manuscript profile -
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200 - Evaluation of planting row spacing and plant spacing on the planting row in the sugar beet field in Karaj region
Reza Esmaeili Rahim Mohammadian Hossein Heidari Sharif Abad Ghorban Noor MohammadiSince the yield of sugar beet is affected by the length of the growing period and agronomic management, to investigate the delayed cultivation, this experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016 with two treatments of planting row spacing (Pr) with two levels of 25 and 40 c MoreSince the yield of sugar beet is affected by the length of the growing period and agronomic management, to investigate the delayed cultivation, this experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2016 with two treatments of planting row spacing (Pr) with two levels of 25 and 40 cm (main plot) and three levels of plant spacing on row (Ps) using 1.7, 2.4, and 3.1 units per hectare seeds (sub-plot), it was carried out in the form of split plots with a RCBD in four replications. By adding the harvest date treatment with two levels of conventional and delayed in the second year, the statistical design was changed to split plots factorial (Ps and harvest date as factorial). The highest percentage of white sugar content (WSC) and potassium was obtained in the 40 cm row spacing. In the second year, a 37% decrease in the number of final roots compared to the first year caused a 25% decrease in root yield (RY), 31% in white sugar yield (WSY), and 21% in irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). Contrary to the first year, the effect of Ps was not significant on traits such as RY, WSY, and IWUE, while it had no significant effect on the percentage of WSC in any of the two years. In the second year, with a delay in harvesting, the increase in WSY and IWUE was 32% and 16%, respectively. Therefore, Pr of 25 cm and Ps of 22 cm (2.4 units) is recommended for the Karaj region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - عوامل آموزشی، ترویجی و پژوهشی مؤثر بر توسعه گیاهان دارویی در استان مرکزی
سید داود حاجی میررحیمیهدف تحقیق شناسایی عوامل آموزشی، ترویجی و پژوهشی مؤثر بر توسعه صنعت گیاهان دارویی استان مرکزی بود. جامعه آماری تحقیق مدیران، مروجین و کارشناسان ترویج استان مرکزی در سال 1393 بود(50=N) که به روش سرشمای جزء نمونه تحقیق قرار گرفتند(50=n). ابزار تحقیق پرسشنامه­ای بود که Moreهدف تحقیق شناسایی عوامل آموزشی، ترویجی و پژوهشی مؤثر بر توسعه صنعت گیاهان دارویی استان مرکزی بود. جامعه آماری تحقیق مدیران، مروجین و کارشناسان ترویج استان مرکزی در سال 1393 بود(50=N) که به روش سرشمای جزء نمونه تحقیق قرار گرفتند(50=n). ابزار تحقیق پرسشنامه­ای بود که اعتبار ظاهری و محتوایی آن از طریق پانل کارشناسان و متخصصان گیاهان دارویی و پایایی آن با اجرای آزمون کرونباخ آلفا تأیید شد(78/0). نتایج نشان داد که میزان تأثیر عوامل: «اطلاع­رسانی و آموزش مردم در زمینه مصرف گیاهان دارویی از طریق تلویزیون» و «آموزش پزشکان در زمینه فواید گیاهان دارویی» در توسعه این صنعت، بیش از سایر عوامل است. از طرفی، از میان هفت عامل اصلی تبیین­کننده واریانس عوامل توسعه صنعت گیاهان دارویی، سه عامل: «آموزش و ترویج گیاهان دارویی»(54/16Var.=)، «استاندار مهارتی و اطلاع­­رسانی رادیویی و تلویزیونی» (18/13Var.=) و «آموزش فنی و حرفه­ای»(48/11Var.=) در اولویت قرار دارند. همچنین، پنج متغیر «سطح تحصیلات» و «سابقه کار در بخش کشاورزی»، «وضعیت فعلی چشم­ انداز توسعه تجویز گیاهان دارویی توسط پزشکان»، «میزان استفاده فعلی از ظرفیت گیاهان دارویی استان» و «ارزیابی وضعیت فعلی چشم­انداز توسعه تولید گیاهان دارویی» در دیدگاه نمونه آماری در زمینه تأثیر برخی عوامل آموزشی، ترویجی و پژوهشی بر توسعه صنعت گیاهان دارویی اختلاف معنی­ داری ایجاد کرده ­است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - مطالعه زبانشناختی زیست بومی درباره مدخل های گیاهان در فرهنگنامه «کتاب بزرگ سخن»
ابراهیم عزتی بهاره قلی نژاد پیربازاریپژوهش حاضر با نظر به اهمّیت حفظ زیستبوم، و با توجّه به تأثیر «زبان» و نقش آن درشکلدهی رفتارهای انسانی درتعامل با محیط پیرامون خود، باانتخاب فرهنگنامهها به عنوان یکی ازمنابع مهم مؤثّر بر شناخت و فرهنگ بشری، به تحلیل تعاریف ارائه شده در هشت جلد فرهنگنامه Moreپژوهش حاضر با نظر به اهمّیت حفظ زیستبوم، و با توجّه به تأثیر «زبان» و نقش آن درشکلدهی رفتارهای انسانی درتعامل با محیط پیرامون خود، باانتخاب فرهنگنامهها به عنوان یکی ازمنابع مهم مؤثّر بر شناخت و فرهنگ بشری، به تحلیل تعاریف ارائه شده در هشت جلد فرهنگنامه «کتاب بزرگ سخن» به کوشش حسن انوری پرداخته و با استخراج تمام مداخل مرتبط با حوزۀ مفهومی گیاهان از این مجموعه، تعاریف ارائه شده در ذیل این مداخل را براساس ملاکهای چندگانۀ کمّی و کیفی و در چهارچوب نقد زیستبومگرا مورد تحلیل قرارداده است. بامطالعه و بررسی تعداد 75000 مدخل این فرهنگنامه، تعداد 1312 مدخل مرتبط باحوزۀ مفهومی گیاهان استخراج شده، و تعاریف ارائه شده براساس طبقهبندی زیست گیاهی در سه دستۀ «درخت، درختچه، بوته» و «گیاه، علفی» به عنوان گیاهان آونددار ازسویی، و «خزه، جلبک، سرخس» به عنوان گیاهان غیرآونددار ازسوی دیگرطبقهبندی شدند. سپس هر مدخل براساس اجزاء مورد توجّه در ارائۀ تعریف درهفت طبقه 1-«چوب/ تنه/ ساقه/ پوست»، 2-«گل/ شکوفه»، 3-«میوه/ مغز»، 4-«هسته/ دانه/بذر/روغن»، 5-«صمغ/ شیره/ شهد»، 6-«شاخه/ برگ/ سبزی»و 7-«پودر/ گرد/ پرز/ کرک/ الیاف» تحلیل شده و درنهایت براساس ملاکهای زبانشناسی زیستبومگرا، هر یک تعاریف براساس ملاکهای انسانگرایانهای مانندکاربرد «دارویی/ درمانی»، «خوراکی/ ادویه»، «تجاری/علوفه دام/ صنعتی»، «زینتی/معطر»، «مخدّر/سمّی/علف هرز»، «پرورشی یا خودرو/وحشی/جنگلی» و «بسط ویژگیهای انسانی» تحلیل گردیدند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل کمّی و کیفی مداخل مرتبط با حوزۀ مفهومی گیاهان در این پژوهش، نشاندهندۀ آن است که از مجموع مداخل مورد بررسی، بیش از 82 درصد نمونهها، بر اساس نگاه انسانمدارانه، مفهومسازی گشتهاند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Identification of the Applications and Obstacles of Industrial Development of Medicinal Plants in Boyer-Ahmad County
Mahdi Miri Mahdi Nouripoor Zeinab SharifiDue to the growing population and the use of pesticides and chemicals in food production, people's health has received more attention than ever before. The side effects of chemical drugs have led the world community to take medicinal herbs and drugs of natural orig MoreDue to the growing population and the use of pesticides and chemicals in food production, people's health has received more attention than ever before. The side effects of chemical drugs have led the world community to take medicinal herbs and drugs of natural origin. On this basis, interests in the use of herbal remedies has become more prevalent among different societies, thus the 20th century is called the century of return to nature. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the applications and barriers of industrial development of Medicinal Plants in Boyer Ahmad County. The statistical population of the present study consisted of informed and knowledgeable people about Medicinal Plants of Boyerahmad region such as specialists, local experts and sellers of Medicinal Plants. Purposeful sampling was performed by snowball technique. Interview and semi-structured questionnaire with open questions were applied to collect the required information. The results indicated that the 65 most important Medicinal Plants consisted of Thyme, Anchovy, Yarrow, Corm etc. in three categories: medicinal, aromatic and spicy. The finding revealed that barriers to industrial development of Medicinal Plants included lack of government support, lack of infrastructures, lack of wild herbs, lack of academic experts, unwillingness of indigenous farmers to cultivate Medicinal Plants, and lack of financial facilities at low interest rates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - الگوی عملکرد صادراتی صنعت گل و گیاهان زینتی استان مازندران با استفاده از رویکرد نظریه پردازی داده بنیاد
نرگس مهدئی فانیمجید فانی Majid Fattahiبا وجود آن که استان مازندران یکی از قطب­های مهم تولید گل و گیاهان زینتی در ایران است و از پتانسیل بالایی در تولید برخوردار است و نیز علی­رغم همجواری با کشورهای پرمصرف دنیا (نظیر روسیه)، در صادرات این صنعت نقش چشمگیری نداشته است. بر این اساس، هدف پژوهش حاضر، طراح Moreبا وجود آن که استان مازندران یکی از قطب­های مهم تولید گل و گیاهان زینتی در ایران است و از پتانسیل بالایی در تولید برخوردار است و نیز علی­رغم همجواری با کشورهای پرمصرف دنیا (نظیر روسیه)، در صادرات این صنعت نقش چشمگیری نداشته است. بر این اساس، هدف پژوهش حاضر، طراحی الگوی توسعه صادرات صنعت گل و گیاه زینتی استان مازندران با استفاده از یک رویکرد کیفی (رویکرد داده بنیاد) بوده است. داده­های این پژوهش با استفاده از مصاحبه­های عمیق و نیمه باز جمع­آوری گردیده است. مصاحبه شوندگان شامل 16 نفر از خبرگان، فعالان و دست­اندرکاران صادرات در صنعت گل و گیاهان زینتی مازندران بودند که به روش نمونه گیری گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند و نمونه گیری تا اشباع داده­ها ادامه یافت. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها از رویکرد نظریه پردازی داده بنیاد استفاده شده است که نظریه محدودی را ارائه می کند. داده­ها طی سه مرحله کدگذاری باز، کدگذاری محوری و کدگذاری گزینشی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. مدل پارادایمی حاصل از یافته­های پژوهش، تصویری از شرایط علی، مقوله­های محوری، شرایط زمینه­ای، شرایط مداخله گر، راهبردها و پیامدها بوده است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­های جمع­آوری شده نشان داد که در توسعه صادرات صنعت گل و گیاهان زینتی استان مازندران، 19 فاکتور موثرند که هیدروسفالی صادراتی، تکنولوژی، تجربه وتعهد بعنوان شرایط علی، قابلیت­های مدیریتی، پایانه صادراتی، الگوبرداری هدفمند (بنچ مارک کشورهای پیشرو درصنعت)، شبکه­سازی صادراتی، فرآوری، استراتژی­های رقابتی، بازاریابی صادراتی و برندینگ، توسعه زیرساخت­های نرم­افزاری و سخت­افزاری صادرات بعنوان راهبردها و نیز رشد پایدار اقتصادی و تقویت دیپلماسی تجاری بعنوان پیامد اجرای راهبردها معرفی شدند. همچنین فضای سیاسی و اقتصادی کسب و کار و رسمی­سازی-متمرکزسازی ساختار صادراتی (بازآفرینی دولت) بعنوان شرایط زمینه­ای و نهایتا اقیانوس قرمز صنعت در بازارهای جهانی و کنش­های جهانی بعنوان شرایط مداخله گر درنظر گرفته شدند که ارتباط آنها در مدل نهایی ارائه گردیده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - کاربرد مقایسهای تکنیکهای متداول رتبهبندی بهمنظور تعیین اولویت عوامل اثرگذار بر تولید بذر گیاهان دارویی؛ مطالعهی موردی: استان گیلان، ایران
سیدعلی نورحسینی اسماعیل فلاحی سپیده قلی نژادتولید بذر به عنوان یکی از مهمترین مسائل فنی و اقتصادی درگیر در حوزه گیاهان دارویی بوده که مدیریت آن بایستی به عنوان یکی از اولویتهای تحقیقاتی، مدنظر برنامهریزان قرار گیرد. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی و تعیین اولویت عوامل پیشبرنده و بازدارندهی مؤثر بر تول Moreتولید بذر به عنوان یکی از مهمترین مسائل فنی و اقتصادی درگیر در حوزه گیاهان دارویی بوده که مدیریت آن بایستی به عنوان یکی از اولویتهای تحقیقاتی، مدنظر برنامهریزان قرار گیرد. بر این اساس، پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی و تعیین اولویت عوامل پیشبرنده و بازدارندهی مؤثر بر تولید بذر گیاهان دارویی در سال 1393 انجام گرفت. برای انجام این مطالعه از روش دلفی استفاده شد که تعداد اعضاء شرکت کننده در پانل تخصصی، 13 نفر از کارشناسان خبره و باتجربهی منابع طبیعی و جهاد کشاورزی استان گیلان بودند. در مرحله اول تحقیق از تکنیک چندپاسخی برای تحلیل محتوی استفاده گردید. براساس نتایج مرحله اول پرسشنامه­های مرحله دوم در قالب طیف لیکرت طراحی گردید و مجدداً توسط پاسخگویان مرحله اول تکمیل شد؛ سپس با استفاده از مقایسه تکنیکهای متداول رتبهبندی (میانگین، نسبت تغییرات، وزندهی آنتروپی شانون و فازی مثلثی)، داده­ها مورد تجزبه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. به کارگیری تکنیکهای متداول رتبه­بندی عمدتاً به نتایج یکسان و یا نتایجی با اختلاف اندک در خصوص اولویتهای تعیین شده برای عوامل مذکور انجامید. مطالعهی حاضر علیرغم توصیه به توجه به شرایط فنی و محیطی مانند انبارداری مناسب و جلوگیری از برداشت بی­رویهی بذور در معرض تهدید و نیز فراهم نمودن شرایط مطلوب برای اهلی کردن گیاهان دارویی، نقش تحقیقات، آموزش و اطلاعرسانی در خصوص مزایای اقتصادی را تا حد زیادی مؤثر میداند. افزون بر این، طراحی و اجرای یک سازوکار نظارتی قانونی و سیاستگذاری فعال و فراگیر و نیز مهیا نمودن امکانات و تجهیزات لازم در خصوص آمادهسازی، کشت و برداشت بذور توسط نهادها و سازمانهای تصمیمساز و اجرایی، به طور قابل ملاحظهای در مدیریت مسائل موجود، اثرگذار خواهد بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - بررسی عوامل آموزشی – ترویجی موثر بر استفاده از گیاهان تراریخته( مطالعه موردی: استان ایلام)
Mohammad Bagher Arayeshهدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی اثرات عوامل آموزشی – ترویجی بر روی استفاده از گیاهان تراریخته بود. این مطالعه از طریق تحقیق پیمایشی انجام شد. این تحقیق از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی و توصیفی – پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل کلیه خبرگان بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی استان Moreهدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی اثرات عوامل آموزشی – ترویجی بر روی استفاده از گیاهان تراریخته بود. این مطالعه از طریق تحقیق پیمایشی انجام شد. این تحقیق از نوع تحقیقات کاربردی و توصیفی – پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل کلیه خبرگان بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی استان ایلام بوده اند (64 نفر). در این مطالعه روش سرشماری استفاده شده بود. ابزار اصلی گردآوری داده ها یک پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود که روایی ظاهری و محتوایی آن به کمک پانل متخصصین دانشگاهی تایید گردید. پایایی ابزار تحقیق نیز با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ 92% بدست آمد. نتایج ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن تحقیق نشان داد که رابطه معنی داری بین متغیرهایی نظیر استفاده از رسانه های گروهی، برقراری ارتباط با کارشناسان ترویج و مرتبه علمی کارشناسان و استفاده از گیاهان تراریخته وجود دارد. یافته های تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد که متغیرهای رتبه علمی کارشناسان، برقراری ارتباط با کارشناسان ترویج و رسانه های ارتباط جمعی دارای اثر مثبت بر استفاده از گیاهان تراریخته هستند و این متغیرها 53.2% واریانس متغیر وابسته را تبیین نموده اند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - راهبردهای کارآفرینانه افزایش مزیت رقابتی گیاهان دارویی در استان ایلام
محمد جاسمی همایون مرادنژادی محمد سلاورزیجستجوی راه­های جدید جهت رقابت در بازارهای رقابتی جوهره­ی اصلی تفکر استراتژیک و استراتژی بازاریابی است. این موضوع همواره مورد توجه صاحب­نظران و اندیشمندان علم اقتصاد بوده و در دهه­های اخیر مورد توجه اندیشمندان مدیریت قرار گرفته است. در این راستا، پژوهش حا Moreجستجوی راه­های جدید جهت رقابت در بازارهای رقابتی جوهره­ی اصلی تفکر استراتژیک و استراتژی بازاریابی است. این موضوع همواره مورد توجه صاحب­نظران و اندیشمندان علم اقتصاد بوده و در دهه­های اخیر مورد توجه اندیشمندان مدیریت قرار گرفته است. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر به واکاوی راهبردهای کارآفرینانه افزایش مزیت رقابتی گیاهان دارویی استان ایلام می­­پردازد.این پژوهش، به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر پارادایم، جز تحقیقات ترکیبی (کیفی – کمی) می­باشد. در قسمت کیفی از روش دلفی و در قسمت کمّی از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی استفاده شده است و جامعه آماری آن در بخش کیفی صاحبنظران حوزه بازاریابی، کارآفرینی و گیاهان دارویی در استان ایلام بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونه­گیری هدفمند تعداد 12 نفر انتخاب شدند و در بخش کمّی هم صاحب­نظران حوزه گیاهان دارویی بودند که تعداد 33 نفر شناسایی شد که مورد تمام­شماریقرار گرفتند. داده­های مورد نیاز با استفاده از پرسشنامه مقایسه زوجیگرد­آوریشد و با استفاده از نرم افزار Expert Choice11 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.نتایج نشان داد، از میان معیارهای بررسی شده (تمایز، کاهش هرینه، تمرکز بر مشتری و بازار، نوآوری و ریسک­پذیری) ، استراتژی تمایزبیشترین نقش را در به مزیت رساندن گیاهاندارویی استان ایلام دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Presenting the model of development of marketing of agricultural products in Iran with the focus on medicinal plants Using the Grounded Theory Method and Model Validation
BIJAN Alizadeh Abdullah naami mohammad nasrola niyaMarketing has a high place and importance in today's world economy, and various researches and surveys are being conducted in the field of marketing, especially the marketing of agricultural products and medicinal plants. The current research is designed with the aim of MoreMarketing has a high place and importance in today's world economy, and various researches and surveys are being conducted in the field of marketing, especially the marketing of agricultural products and medicinal plants. The current research is designed with the aim of discovering the mental pattern of elites, specialists, professors and senior managers in the field of agriculture and marketing in Iran regarding the development of marketing of agriculture and medicinal plants. The method of the present research is mixed and interpretative and exploratory and using the grounded theory technique. In the qualitative part, the statistical population includes elites, professors and senior managers in the field of agriculture, the Ministry of Health, and the Chamber of Commerce and Marketing of Medicinal Plants, who use sampling method. An in-depth interview was conducted with 15 people and the theory building process reached theoretical saturation with 15 interviews. Data analysis was done by using Strauss and Corbin coding method and in quantitative analysis, 9 variables obtained from the qualitative model were considered as hypotheses and inferences and were tested with Pearson correlation coefficient and then indexed in a model. T three stages of coding with more than 108 meaningful propositions, 211 corresponding concepts, 23 subcategories, 9 main categories, and one core category. And quantitative results were also confirmed with structural tests. Finally, it is suggested that the training of skilled, expert and efficient human resources should be done by specialists and senior managers in all fields of agricultural marketing and medicinal plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - The effects of essential oils of Elettaria cardamomum, Pistacia atlantica and Eugenia caryophillata on control and expression of some genes of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in Fusarium graminerum
Ahmad Mehraban Javad AbkhooBackground & Objectives: Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of scab disease in wheat and other small grains. Zearalenone and deoxynivalenol are the main toxins produced by F. graminearum. In this study, the effects of essential oils of Elettaria cardamomum, Pi MoreBackground & Objectives: Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of scab disease in wheat and other small grains. Zearalenone and deoxynivalenol are the main toxins produced by F. graminearum. In this study, the effects of essential oils of Elettaria cardamomum, Pistacia atlantica, and Eugenia caryophillata on F. graminearum growth inhibition and the expression of some genes in deoxynivalenol biosynthetic pathway were investigated. Materials & Methods: Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fungal growth was measured through the microtiter plate method after growing F. graminearum on Potato Dextrose Broth. In addition, the expression of TRI5, TRI6, and TRI14 genes were evaluated using real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) technique. Results: Elettaria cardamomum essential oil had the lowest MIC (100 µl/ml) and the essential oils of P. atlantica and E. caryophillata had the highest MIC (200 µl/ml). Elettaria cardamomum essential oil had the lowest MFC (200 µl/ml) and the highest fungicidal property against F. graminearum, and the essential oils of P. atlantica and E. caryophillata had the highest MFC value (400 µl/ml). The expression of TRI5, TRI6, and TRI14 genes was significantly decreased by E. cardamomum essential oil. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the E. cardamomum essential oil has fungicidal and inhibitory effects against F. graminearum and leads to reduce the expression of TRI5, TRI6, and TRI14 genes relating to deoxynivalenol production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Study on antibacterial effect of marjoram (Origanum vulgare L) essential oil on bacteria causing citrus canker
Maryam Shahivand Mojtaba Rezaei Ahmadabadi Eidi Bazgir Rostam Yazdani BiokiBackground & Objectives: Citrus bacterial canker (CBC) disease is one of the main citrus diseases that is caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. The disease has been reported from several citrus- growing regions of Iran. Due to the high loss incurred by the disea MoreBackground & Objectives: Citrus bacterial canker (CBC) disease is one of the main citrus diseases that is caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. The disease has been reported from several citrus- growing regions of Iran. Due to the high loss incurred by the disease, its control is very much needed. One of the new methods to control the disease is the use of plant essential oils. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Marjoram essential oil on the activity of bacteria causing citrus canker. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, CBC- causing bacteria were isolated from infected Poldokhtar citrus gardens, and subsequently identified by phenotypic and biochemical tests, along with specific primers. The essential oil was extracted using a Clevenger extraction device. Antimicrobial effect of the essential oil was evaluated using disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the essential oil were investigated, as well. Then, the effect of different concentrations of marigold essential oil was studied. Following Marjoram essential oil preparation, it was injected into a Gas-Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the composition. Results: MIC and MBC of essential oil were observed as 3.5 µl/ml, and 4 µl/ml, respectively. The most effective concentration for disease prevention on cut leaves were 4 µl/ml , and 4.5 µl/ml, which reduced disease incidence by 62.5% and 53.12 % on water agar test, and trays method. Conclusion: It is concluded that marjoram essential oil can be used as a potential compound to control citrus bacterial canker disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Assessment of antifungal activity of Rosemary oil extract and its effect on AFL1 gene expression in Aspergillus flavus by Real-Time PCR
Mojtaba Mohammadi Seyyed Jamal Hashemi Sasan Rezaei Mansour BayatBackground & Objectives: Rosemary is a very important medicinal herb which its effect on toxin-causing and pathogenic fungi is not studied very well. This study was aimed to investigate the antifungal effect of the extract of Rosemary extract on various fungal group MoreBackground & Objectives: Rosemary is a very important medicinal herb which its effect on toxin-causing and pathogenic fungi is not studied very well. This study was aimed to investigate the antifungal effect of the extract of Rosemary extract on various fungal groups including Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, Epidermophyton floccussom, Trichophyton verrucosum and its effect on AFL1 gene expression in A. flavus using real-time PCR method. Achieving an effective herbal medicine can be significant due to the limited amount of antifungal drugs and the prevalence of antifungal drug resistance. Materials & Methods: First of all A. flavus and C. albicans were cultured on sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) media and T. verrucosum and E. floccosum were cultured on Mycocell agar media with 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard. Antifungal property of the rosemary extract was investigated using disk diffusion test. Then, the effective Rosemary extract concentration was evaluated using 10 standard tubes and sabouraud dextrose broth. Finally, the effect of Rosemary extract on AFL1 gene expression was examined. Results: Our results indicated that Rosemary extract has an inhibitory effect on various types of fungi so that the mean diameter of the inhibition zone was measured as about 16 to 18 mm. The effective MCI for C. albicans was observed as approximately 4 to 6 mg / L, for A. flavus as 3 to 5 mg /L and for E. floccosum and T. verrucosum as 4 to 6 mg /L. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the inhibitory effect of Rosemary extracts on aflatoxin- producing AFL1 gene expression at the molecular level, very well. Conclusion: The extract of Rosemary can have a considerable inhibitory effect on fungal growth, AFL1 gene expression and aflatoxin production in A. flavus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Inhibitory effect of medicinal plant essential oils on the growth of Penicillium sp. isolated from sweet orange
Hamed Shirzadi Abdolhossein Abotalebi JahromiToday plant sources as substitutes for chemicals in food and drugs have received increasing attention. The use of essential oils and plant extracts can certainly be a good alternative as antimicrobial effects of some plants oils has proven. This study was aimed to deter MoreToday plant sources as substitutes for chemicals in food and drugs have received increasing attention. The use of essential oils and plant extracts can certainly be a good alternative as antimicrobial effects of some plants oils has proven. This study was aimed to determine the antifungal effects of essential oils of thyme, cumin, savory and cloves in different concentrations on Penicillium fungus. The antifungal effects of the medicinal plant (thyme, cumin, savory and cloves) essential oils at concentrations of 250, 500 and 750 µl /L were investigated by pour plate method in potato dextrose agar medium. Fungal growth zone diameter was measured after 8 days at 25 ºC and data were analyzed by MSTAT-C software. The essential oils of all plants at all concentrations had significant antifungal effects as compared to the control. But it decreased with increasing the experiment time. Clove oil at all concentrations and thyme oil in 500 and 750 µl /L concentration had the highest anti-fungal effects. The result showed that thyme and clove essential oils have high inhibition effects against Penicillium sp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Turkey Nuclear Activities: From Possibility To Refrain Towards Military Dimensions
saleh Rerzaei Pishrobat Fardin GhoreisiTurkey's nuclear activities in recent decades, including the 2010 agreement with Russia and the 2013 agreement with Japan to build and operate a 9,600-megawatt nuclear power plant, has changed discussion of the peaceful nature or focus of these activities on achieving n MoreTurkey's nuclear activities in recent decades, including the 2010 agreement with Russia and the 2013 agreement with Japan to build and operate a 9,600-megawatt nuclear power plant, has changed discussion of the peaceful nature or focus of these activities on achieving nuclear weapons capability into one of the important security issues in the field of international relations. Whether to what The extent Turkey can achieve the capability of producing nuclear weapons is a question that the present article, based on historical research techniques and invoke on valid resources, has evaluated its answer. The findings of the study indicate that due to conflicting views within Turkey, the country's limited technological capacity in the field of nuclear technology, lack of cooperation of international partners, opposition of major world powers and finally obstacles of the existing legal and international regime. Turkey does not seem likely to be able to produce nuclear weapons in the foreseeable future Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Rangeland Plants Potential for Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soils with Lead, Zinc, Cadmium and Nickel (Case Study: Rangelands around National Lead & Zinc Factory, Zanjan, Iran)
Mehdi Moameri Mohammad Jafari Ali Tavili Babak Motasharezadeh Mohammad Ali Zare chahuoki -
Open Access Article
215 - Nutritive Value of Some Rangeland Plants Compared to Medicago sativa
Mohsen Kazemi Reza Valizadeh -
Open Access Article
216 - The Effect of Soil Moisture and Climatic Index of Evapotranspiration on Forage Production in Rangelands of Dehsir, Yazd province, Iran
Elham Fakhimi Hossein Arzani -
Open Access Article
217 - Prioritization of Rangeland Species Functions with Emphasis on Indigenous Knowledge of Range Holders (Case study: Titoeieh Area in Baft Township, Kerman, Iran)
Hossein Arzani Nahid Hamzehnejad Reza Bagheri Seyed Akbar Javadi -
Open Access Article
218 - Life Cycle and Phenological Growth Stages in Endangered Fritillaria raddeana Regel Using BBCH Scale in Its Natural Habitat, Northern Khorasan Province, Iran
Sajad Alipour Ali Tehranifar Mahmoud Shoor Leili Samiei Homayoun Farahmand -
Open Access Article
219 - The Effect of Crataegus pseudomelanicarpa Pojark. Canopy on Soil Total Carbon and Particulate Organic Matter in Grazed and Ungrazed Areas in Alborz Rangelands, Noor County, Iran
Reza Erfanzadeh Fatemeh Barzegaran Siroos Saber Amoli -
Open Access Article
220 - Autecology of Colocynth (Citrullus colocynthis L. Schrad) in Gonabad Desert, Iran
Nastaran Kahrom Mohammad Farzam Mansoor Mesdaghi -
Open Access Article
221 - Effects of a Growth Season Rain Pulse on Physiological Parameters and Phytochemical Compounds of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.)
Fatemeh Agah Mohammad Esmaeili Mohammad Farzam Rahmat Abbasi -
Open Access Article
222 - Species Diversity of Desert and Relationship to Soil Properties in Dust Sources of Khuzestan, Southwest of Iran
Mehri Dinarvand Hashem Keneshloo Mohhamad Fayaz Farhad Khaksarian Seyed Abdolhossein Arami Kohzad Haydari -
Open Access Article
223 - Correlations between Some Vegetation Attributes and Soil Physicochemical Properties at Selected Wet Season Grazing Sites Central Sudan
Abdelrahim Elbalola Ibrahim Yousef Ahmed Elshikh -
Open Access Article
224 - Impact of Deferment on Grassland Condition and Diet Quality of Cattle under a Short-Duration Grazing System
Raul Tacuna Enrique Flores Roberto Distel -
Open Access Article
225 - Production Potential of Thymus atlanticus (Ball) Roussine in the Eastern High Atlas of Morocco
Brahim Ouahzizi hamza Elbouny Khalid Sellam Abdelmonaim Homrani Bakali Chakib Alem -
Open Access Article
226 - Effect of Salinity Stress and Salicylic Acid on Morpho-physiological and Growth Characteristics Satureja mutica Fisch. & C. A. Mey.
Borzou Yousefi Roya Karamian -
Open Access Article
227 - Effects of Salinity on Ion Exchanges in Halocnemum strobilaceum and Halostachys caspica
Bahram Amiri Behrouz Rasouli -
Open Access Article
228 - Identification of Medicinal Plants in Arshadchamani Rangelands of East Azarbaijan
Zh. Toupchi -
Open Access Article
229 - Effects of Salinity Stress on Seed Germination Characteristics of Two Medicinal Species Thymus kotschyanus and T. daenensis
Mohammad Bagheri Hassan Yeganeh Eisa Bandak Yaser Ghasemi Aryan -
Open Access Article
230 - Studying the Effect of Index Species Astragalus ammodendron on Associated Plants Agropyron tauri and Bromus tomentellus from Different Aspects (Case Study: Arak Province-Shazand, Iran)
Zahra Mohebbi Mohammad Jafary Ali Tavili Mohammad Ali Zare Chahouki Sholeh Baghbani Zeinab Nourikia -
Open Access Article
231 - Gathering, Identification, Medicinal Utilization and Domestication of Some Wild Edible Plants in Ghasemloo Valley, West Azerbaijan, Iran
Laleh Malek Mohammadi Saeed Mirzavash Azar -
Open Access Article
232 - Adequacy studies of different renewable resources using Monte Carlo simulation method
Amir Ghaedi Reza Sedaghati Mehrdad MahmoudianProduced power of wind, solar, run of the river, ocean thermal, tidal and wave power plants is respectively, dependent on wind velocity, sun radiation, river flow, temperature of ocean upstream, period & height of waves, tidal level or tidal stream velocity. Due to wide MoreProduced power of wind, solar, run of the river, ocean thermal, tidal and wave power plants is respectively, dependent on wind velocity, sun radiation, river flow, temperature of ocean upstream, period & height of waves, tidal level or tidal stream velocity. Due to wide change in these quantities, produced power of these renewable resources changes a lot over time. As the penetration level of renewable resources in electric network is increased, reliability and other aspects of electric network may be affected that should be studied. Analytical method is not suitable to study uncertainties of output power of renewable resources in reliability analysis of electric network with these renewable power plants. Thus, the current research suggests Monte Carlo simulation method to study effect of renewable power plants on reliability indices. Renewable power plants studied in the research are wind turbines, solar farms, wave energy converters, run of the river power plants, both types of tidal units, and ocean thermal energy conversion systems. Numerical studies are performed on test electric networks, to study these renewable resources impact on reliability indices of electric networks with renewable power plants. It is concluded from numerical outcomes that these renewable power plants improve reliability performance of electric network. However, due to the variation of renewable resources, the impact of renewable power plants on reliability performance of the electric network is less than the conventional units with the same capacity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Effect of phosphate and nitrogen fertilizer levels on the leaves and branches fresh and dry matter and essential oil Brazmbl (Perovskia abrotanoides L).
S.R. Jafari M. Nikkhah Gh.R. Zarei A. ZarezadehBrazmbl, a perennial herbs, belonged to Lamiaceae family had wide applications in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. To evaluate phosphate and nitrogen fertilizer levels on yields and essential oil of Brazmbl (Perovskia abrotanoides), a factorial experiment arranged as rand MoreBrazmbl, a perennial herbs, belonged to Lamiaceae family had wide applications in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. To evaluate phosphate and nitrogen fertilizer levels on yields and essential oil of Brazmbl (Perovskia abrotanoides), a factorial experiment arranged as randomized complete blocks design with three replicates was conducted in 1391 in Taft, Iran. Treatments were phosphate fertilizers at four levels( control, 100, 150, 200 kg ha-1 ) as triple super phosphate and four nitrogen fertilizer levels( control, 400, 300, 200 kg ha-1 ) as urea. Results showed that the highest vegetative yield (1770.78 Kg ha-1) and essential oil (17.65 Kg ha-1) were achieved by using 300 and 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen and phosphate, respectively. Application of 400 kg N ha-1 and 200 kg P ha-1 produced the highest leaf dry matter, floret branches and sub-branches. In addition, the proper fertilizer treatment for the highest vegetative yield and essential of brazmble was application of 300 Kg N ha-1 and 200 kg P ha-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Study of the Heavy Metals Amounts in the Soils and Crops around the Region of Shahr-e-Kord
Mehrab YadegariTo study of the amounts of heavy metals in Shahr-e-Kord industrial town, the experiment was conducted during 2014 and 2015. Although in most cases plants which grow in agricultural soils including heavy metals, they keep more metals in their tissues. However, the main o MoreTo study of the amounts of heavy metals in Shahr-e-Kord industrial town, the experiment was conducted during 2014 and 2015. Although in most cases plants which grow in agricultural soils including heavy metals, they keep more metals in their tissues. However, the main objective of implementing and investigating this research was to clarify the amount of absorption of heavy metals such as Nickel (Ni), Plumb (Pb), Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) in agronomy crops inclusive: Wheat (Triticum aestivum), Canola (Brassica napus), Sojak (Scariola orientalis), Tragacanth (Astragalus sp) surroundings of Shahr-e-Kord industrial industrial-town. Therefore after the accomplishment of the required studies (climatic and edaphic), sample stations have been accidentally chosen at the distance of 100, 300, 600, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 5000 meters from the North, South, East and West of research area. Sampling of aerial, land construction and soils existed in this region has been done. There was a significant difference between amount of heavy metals in Range plants and Agronomy plants. Analyzing the soils from sample stations indicated that the maximum concentration existed among metals regularly related to Ni (1926 µg/Kg), Cd (504 µg/Kg), Pb (122 µg/Kg) & Cr (78 µg/Kg). However the concentration of heavy metals especially Cd and Ni was leaser than global standard but had high density in this region, therefore to decrease of pollution must contemplate for planting of Tragacanth and Sojak plants as range plants that accumulate of heavy metals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - The reaction of six medicinal plant species with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during spring and autumn in Noujian Watershed (Lorestan province)
Parvin Ramak Mohammad Matinizadeh Mohammad Mehrnia Reza SiahmansourIn this research, symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and some of the medicinal plants such as: Artemisa aucheri, Mentha longifolia, Plantago lanceolata, Thymus kotschyanus, Ziziphora clinopodioides and Cychorium intybus were studied during the spring and aut MoreIn this research, symbiosis between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and some of the medicinal plants such as: Artemisa aucheri, Mentha longifolia, Plantago lanceolata, Thymus kotschyanus, Ziziphora clinopodioides and Cychorium intybus were studied during the spring and autumn period for two years in Nojian Watershed. Noujian with the area of 34000 hectares is situated between the Eastern latitude of 48° 23̕ to 48° 40̕ and its Northern longitude ranges from 33° 17̕ to 33° 60̕ at Lorestan province in watershed of Dez dam. Soil and thin roots collected randomly from the depth of 0-30 cm of plant canopy area. Significant difference (p> 0.01) was found in phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, magnesium and organic matter in spring and autumn. Potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus showed significant negative correlation with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi spore density and percentage colonization but magnesium was positively correlated with spore density and percentage colonization respectively; +0.61 and +0.48. Thymus kotschyanus showed the highest percentage root colonization and the highest number of spores were observed in rhizosphere of Ziziphora clinopodioides. The highest root colonization and spore numbers were observed in spring. Six species of Glomus genus contain G. microcarpum, G. etunicatum, G.macrocarpum, G. constrictum and G. geosporum were identified in the rhizosphere of selected medicinal plant species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Study the acclimation of chicory (cichorium intybus L.) ecotypes under water stress in Badjgah region of Shiraz
M.J. Abbasi M. Jahani Doghozloo H. Pirasteh-Anosheh S.A. Kazemeini M. TaghvaeiWater deficit is one of the most important limiting factor affecting plant growth and productivity in arid and semi-arid regions in crop plants. In this field research, the effect of four irrigation intervals including 5, 8, 11 and 14 days were examined on growth, yield MoreWater deficit is one of the most important limiting factor affecting plant growth and productivity in arid and semi-arid regions in crop plants. In this field research, the effect of four irrigation intervals including 5, 8, 11 and 14 days were examined on growth, yield and essential oil of four chicory ecotypes including Shiraz White, Shiraz Black, Isfahan White and Isfahan Black. The experiment was carried out as split plot arranged in complete randomized block design at College of Agriculture, Shiraz University (Badjgah) in 2013. The results showed that water stress, due to enhanced irrigation interval, decreased leaf area, leaf dry weight, root dry weight and total plant dry weight. Leaf area and dry weight, root dry weight and total plant dry weight in sever water stress were decreased by 40.3, 46.2, 37.8 and 45.8% compared to no stress conditions, respectively. Besides, increased irrigation intervals from 5 or 8 to 11 and 14 days increased amount of essential oil content in all ecotypes. Increased irrigation interval from 5 to 14 days reduced total dry weight of Shiraz White, Shiraz Black, Isfahan White and Isfahan Black ecotypes by 47.9, 56.1, 22.4 and 53.6%, respectively. Although growth and essential oil of Shiraz White and Shiraz Black ecotypes were greater; however, Isfahan White and Isfahan Black ecotypes had the lower sensitivity to water stress. Therefore, in conditions similar to the study, planting of Shiraz and Isfahan ecotypes under normal irrigation and water deficit conditions, are needed to more attentions, respectively. ont-family:"B Lotus"'>اصفهان شد. اگرچه رشد و اسانس اکوتیپهای سیاه و سفید شیراز بیشتر بود، ولی اکوتیپهای سیاه و سفید اصفهان حساسیت کمتری به تنش آبی نشان دادند. بنابراین، در شرایط اقلیمی مشابه با منطقه باجگاه، اکوتیپهای شیراز و اصفهان به ترتیب برای کشت در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و کمآبیاری نیازمند بررسی بیشتر هستند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Effect of water salinity and organic and chemical fertilizer on morphological and agronomic characteristics of borage (Borago officinalis)
P. Yadollahi M. R. AsgharipourIn this study, the effect of water salinity accompanied by organic and inorganic fertilizer was examined on the growth, quantitative characteristics and photosynthetic pigments in borage plants. The experimental was split plot based on complete block design with three r MoreIn this study, the effect of water salinity accompanied by organic and inorganic fertilizer was examined on the growth, quantitative characteristics and photosynthetic pigments in borage plants. The experimental was split plot based on complete block design with three replicates. Treatments were two irrigation sources: irrigation with fresh and saline water (EC: 4.18 dS m-1) as the main plots, and four fertilization systems: application of NPK at 80:40:30 kg ha-1, 40 t ha-1 of manure, NPK at 40:20:15 kg ha-1 plus 20 ton of manure ha-1 and no soil fertility as sub-plot. The experiment was conducted in 2012 at the Zabol University Research Farm, Zabol, Iran. The results showed that irrigation with saline water significantly reduced plant height, flowering stem height, inflorescence height, number of flowers per inflorescence, number of branches, content of chlorophyll and carotenoid. Application of fertilizer significantly increased all studied traits compared with the control. Combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer was more effective than sole application and increased inflorescence height, number of lateral branches, number of flowers per inflorescence, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and carotenoids by 19.4, 30.9, 31.5, 25.6, 24.8 and 25.3 percent over control, respectively. Interaction of water quality and fertilization was significant on plant height, inflorescence height, chlorophyll b, plant dry weight and flowering shoot weight and fertilization protect economic yield against saline water. It is concluded that fertilization, especially combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer, could be recommended for economical production of borage under saline condition in Zabol. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Effects of different levels of sodium nitroprusside and arsenic on fruit yield and some biochemical characteristics of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.)
P. Yadollahi M.R. Asgharipour S. Sheikhpour B. Jabbari2 H. GhasemiApplication of plant growth regulators as antioxidant has been proposed to reduce the negative impacts of different stress. Sodium nitroprusside is an antioxidant which makes plants resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this research the effects of arsenic contam MoreApplication of plant growth regulators as antioxidant has been proposed to reduce the negative impacts of different stress. Sodium nitroprusside is an antioxidant which makes plants resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this research the effects of arsenic contamination and sodium nitroprusside foliar sprays was examined on the quantitative characteristics in bitter melonplants (Momordica charantia L.). The experimental design was as factorial on the basis of completely randomized block design with 3 replications in 2012 at the Zabol University greenhouse. Sodium nitroprusside in 3 levels; 0, 50 and 100 μM and arsenic contamination in four levels 0, 30, 60 and 90 mg kg-1. Resuts showed that arsenic application significantly reduced chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content of leaves,and fruit yield. Arsenic at 90 mg kg-1 reduced P and K in fruits by, 47.57 and 31.25 %, respectively. Protein concentration in fruits increased with increasing arsenic and the greatest protein was observed at the highest arsenic toxicity with 34.68%. Sodium nitroprusside had significant effect on all traits except phosphorus content in fruit and the maximum quantity of this trait was observed at spraying with 100 μM sodium nitroprusside. In general, spraying sodium nitroprusside could be recommended in arsenic contaminated area to reduce heavy metal toxicity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Effects of Vermicompost and Manures on Growth Characteristics and Yield Components of Purslane (Portuleca oleracea L. var Behbahani)
NILOFAR RAHBAR HOSSEIN ALI ASADI-GHARNEH -
Open Access Article
240 - Effect of Different Planting Distributions on Yield and Forage Quality of Common Vetch (Vicia sativa L. )
NASIM PIRSAMADI MOHAMMAD SEDGHI RASOUL RASOUL FAKHARI NASIM HASANZADEH ALI BARGHI -
Open Access Article
241 - Necessity to Use of Medicinal Plants and Compatible Fruit Trees in Vacant and Replacing Urban and Rural Greenery in Low Water Areas
MASOUD NASRI MOHAMMAD MIRZAEI HEYDARI -
Open Access Article
242 - Effect of Cutting Height and Seed Cutting Date on Grain yield and Yield Components in Berseem Clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)
MAHNAZ BOVAIRI alireza shokoohfar GHOLAM REZA ABADOUZ -
Open Access Article
243 - Introduction of medicinal plants in Arak county
Noralah Abdi Masumeh Abdi Sedigheh Hasan zadeh ArakCounty with an area of 5594 km2 is located in Markazi province. The altitude ranges from 1650 m in the Meighan lake to 3118 m in Sefidkhani mountain. The mean annual precipitation varies from 200 mm in Ebrahimabad plain to 440 mm in th More ArakCounty with an area of 5594 km2 is located in Markazi province. The altitude ranges from 1650 m in the Meighan lake to 3118 m in Sefidkhani mountain. The mean annual precipitation varies from 200 mm in Ebrahimabad plain to 440 mm in the Sefidkhani mountains. Thus, this area has climatic variation and floristic richness. This study was conducted to introduce, classify and determine the distribution of medicinal plant species of Arak county. According to field studies and literature review, medicinal species was listed and some information including scientific name, family name, Persian name, botany specifications, distribution area, habitat altitude from sea level, utilized organ were recorded for each medicinal plant. According to results, in Arak county 143 medicinal plants species were identified belonging to 121 genera and 40 families. Asteraceae with 17, Papilionaceae with 16, Lamiaceae with 14, Brassicaceae and Linaceae (each with 9), Rosaceae with 8 and Apiaceae with 7 species, were the most families that have the highest number of medicinal species. About 40 percent of medicinal plants grow in the plains and 60 percent grow in mountainous areas. 126 species of medicinal plants were self-grown (wild) in natural resource boards and 17 species were planted. Considering the diverse climatic and topographic conditions and diversity of medicinal species in Arak county, this area has a high potential for development of medicinal plants cultivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Cytological study and determination of ploidy levels in some hybrids of Kotra 10 cultivars of citrus plants
M. Mahmoudi M. Khosroshahali A. ZakerinExploration of ploid levels of citrus plants in the north of Iran which some of them have special charac­teristics, could be profitable in improvement of qualified and fertile citrus cultivars. In this case, six natural hybrids were selected from native citrus hybri MoreExploration of ploid levels of citrus plants in the north of Iran which some of them have special charac­teristics, could be profitable in improvement of qualified and fertile citrus cultivars. In this case, six natural hybrids were selected from native citrus hybrids of kotar 10 in Mazandaran related to the center of citrus plants researches of country in Ramsar and were numbered from 7 to 12. These single hybrids have resulted from seeds of a hybrid named kotra 10. Which were studied after the rooting stage. Morpho­logical studies of these hybrids by use of squashing and staining have put them in the same class as Pseudo citrones. The number of chromosomes in all hybrids were determined to be 2n=2x=18. Morphological study of chromosomes in the Pseudo–citron, revealed that they were meta–centric chromosomes with few sub–meta–centric exceptions and relative length of chromosomes varied between 7% to 32% from big to small in all of hybrids. As a result, little differences were detected, in terms of size and morphology of chromosomes. The caryotypical characteristics, considering the homogeneity of the caryotype and the absence Variations among chromosomes in these caryotypes the hybrids will probably have been put in the early stages of evolution of phillogeny. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Effect of plants growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)
R. Mohamadvarzi D. Habibi S. Vazan A. Pazoki T. Nooralvandi In order to study the effect of plants growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen chemical fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) an experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University-Karaj Bra More In order to study the effect of plants growth promoting rhizobacteria and nitrogen chemical fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characters of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) an experiment was conducted in Islamic Azad University-Karaj Branch in2009. Experiment performed factorial based on CRBD with three replications. Experiment in clouding of four levels of nitrogen fertilizers (0, 54, 108 and 161 Kg.N/ha) and four level of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria including control, Nitroxin (Azotobacter, Azospirillum), Biophosphorus (Bacillus, Pseudomonas) and also combined fertilizers (Nitroxin+Biophosphorus). Results showed that application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria increased seed yield, biologic yield, and plant height in compare with control. Combined biological fertilizers increased higher under studied traits. Maximum seed yield (26.68% increased) obtained in combined biological fertilizer (Nitroxin+Biophosphorus) treatment with 2516 kg/ha in compare with control (1850 kg/ha). Nitrogen chemical fertilizers treatments showed significant effect on protein percent. Interaction of treatments showed significant effect on oil percent. Results showed application of PGPR agriculture has important role in improvement of growth and yield of sunflower. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Evaluate the usefulness of humic acid organic matter in comparison to chemical fertilizer and manure and their combination in summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.)
E. Farahani H. MadaniToday, the use of organic fertilizers is increasing. The humic substances are a mixture of various organic compounds that are derived from the remains of plants and or animals.Humic acid is one of the compounds that today are widely used in research as well as commercia MoreToday, the use of organic fertilizers is increasing. The humic substances are a mixture of various organic compounds that are derived from the remains of plants and or animals.Humic acid is one of the compounds that today are widely used in research as well as commercial uses. The plant grown in soils that have enough humic substances, are less influenced by stress, will produce healthier plant and more product. Summer Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) is an annual plant that is widely cultivated. Essential oil of this plant has antimicrobial properties and inhibits the growth of some bacteria. All vegetative shoots contain essential oil which has antimicrobial, anti-oxidant and anti-fungal. In order to investigate the organic matter of humic acid in comparison to chemical fertilizer and manure, a research was carried out in years 2009-2011 for 3 years in Khojir research station a form of a randomized complete block design with six treatments and 3 replications. The treatments included humic acid, fertilizer (N100P80K100), manure (30 ton/ha), humic acid mixture with half fertilizer, humic acid mixture with 10 tons/ha of manure compared with the control. According to the results, the use of humic acid increased significantly in most of the studied traits such as root length, plant height, number of lateral branches, leaf dry weight in plant, shoot dry weight, shoot fresh weight, dry shoot yield, essential oil yield , seed yield compared to control. Chemical fertilizer with 28.88 kg, manure with 27.41 kg, humic acid with 23.34 kg, mixture of humic acid with chemical fertilizer with 22.19 kg and mixture of humic acid manure with 22.92 kg per hectare had significantly increase in essential oil yield than the control group (16.87 kg). Thus in summer savory cultivation, the humic acid consumption due to increased dry matter yield and essential oil yield, is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - The Ameliorating Effect of Poultry Manure and Its Biochar on Petroleum-Contaminated Soil Remediation at Two Times of Cultivation
Maryam Barati Sedigheh Safarzadeh Dariush Mowla Fereshteh Bakhtiari Amirhossein Najafian Fateh Tavakoli -
Open Access Article
248 - Nutraceutical Potential of Tetracarpidium conophorum and Buccholzia coriacea in Diet-induced Hyperlipidemia
Eucharia Oluchi Nwaichi Justice Obinna Osuoha Michael Okechukwu Monanu -
Open Access Article
249 - Determination of Essential Nutrients in Some Indigenous Pharmacological Plants Growing in Fars Province, Iran
Hamidreza Boostani Alireza Mahmoodi Esmaiel Farrokhnejad -
Open Access Article
250 - Phytotherapy in Burn Wound Healing: A Review of Native Iranian Medicinal Plants
Alireza Esmaeili Pouya Parsaei Mohammadreza Nazer Ronak Bakhtiari Halleh Mirbehresi Hossein Safian Boldaji -
Open Access Article
251 - Estimation of some Trace Metals in Water, Sediments and Two Species of Aquatic Plants in the Al-Garaf River at Al-Rafa District- Southern Iraq
Ihsan Hameed Khudhair Israa Ibrihem Lazim Neran adnan Al Naqeeb Afrah Abid Maktoof -
Open Access Article
252 - The Effect of Different Levels of Garden Thyme and Mint Powder on Production Performance and Egg Quality of Native Chickens
Arash Rostami Majid TaghianiThe purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different levels of garden thyme and mint powder on production performance and egg quality of native chickens. The present experiment was conducted with 150 pieces of native chicken in the form of a complet MoreThe purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different levels of garden thyme and mint powder on production performance and egg quality of native chickens. The present experiment was conducted with 150 pieces of native chicken in the form of a completely random design with 5 treatments and 5 repetitions and 6 pieces of native chicken in each repetition. The experimental treatments are: treatment (A): basic diet without addition of garden thyme or mint (control treatment); treatment (B): adding 1% levels of garden thyme powder to the base diet; treatment (C): adding 1% of mint powder to the basic diet; treatment (D): adding 0.75% garden thyme powder along with 0.75% mint powder to the basic diet; and treatment (E): addition of 0.5% garden thyme powder along with 0.5% mint powder to the base diet. The results of the experiment showed that the percentage of egg production in the periods of 1-28, 28-56, 56-84 days and the whole production period of 1-84 days increased in the fifth treatment compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the weight of egg production in the periods of 1-28, 56-84 days and the whole production period of 1-84 days; However, in the period of 28-56 days, the level of birds that received 1% mint was higher (p < 0.05). The weight of the egg mass in all the tested laying periods in the birds receiving garden thyme and mint was higher than the control treatment (p < 0.05). The parameters of egg quality traits in birds receiving garden thyme and mint were significant compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). Generally, the results of this experiment showed that the use of garden thyme and mint powder at the level of 0.5% of the basic diet of local chickens will improve the productivity and quality of eggs. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - Effect of pollution on the ECO phytocenological assessment of Thymus caucasicus (Lamiaceae lindl.) populations in the territory of eastern Azerbaijan, Ardabil
seyed shiva asbaghian namin -
Open Access Article
254 - The effect of Application of biofertilizer on quantity and quality of borage under Water deficit stress
Mohammad Mahdi Mirzaei Sadegh Ghorbani Arash Roozbahani Afshin GhaderiIn order the effect of Application of bio fertilizer (nitroxin) on quantity and quality of borage under Water deficit stress an experiment in split plot randomized based on complete block design with three replications in 2014 at the Agricultural Research Station of ROU MoreIn order the effect of Application of bio fertilizer (nitroxin) on quantity and quality of borage under Water deficit stress an experiment in split plot randomized based on complete block design with three replications in 2014 at the Agricultural Research Station of ROUDEHEN Islamic Azad University done. treatments were first factor drought in four levels (control, stress at Vegetative stage, stress at flowering stage, stress at Vegetative + flowering stage) and the second factor consisted of four levels of fertilizer treatments (100% chemical fertilizer, 50% chemical fertilizer+ bio fertilizer (nitroxin), 25% chemical fertilizer+ bio fertilizer) respectively. Results showed a significant effect of cut irrigation on plant height, essence percentage, mucilage percentage, flower yield, Chlorophyll, but the effect of cut irrigation on essence yield was not significant. Effect of fertilizer treatments on plant height, essence yield, flower yield and Chlorophyll was significant and the percentage of mucilage was not significant. Interactions between cut irrigation and fertilizer treatments on essence yield (1.75 kg\ha), flower yield (481 kg\ha) was significant and 50% chemical fertilizer+ bio fertilizer was best treatment. The Least flower and essential oil yield in the 100% chemical fertilizer+ stress at Vegetative + flowering stage treatment with an average of 301 and 1.136 kg per hectare was obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - Survey the Amount of Heavy Metals in species leaf around cement production industries (Case study: Payvand Golestan cement factory)
Keivan Saeb Solaiman Ghorbanzadeh Saeed Kardar Robabeh KhadamiAir pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems in Golestan. Each day, a tremendous amount of toxic and fatal gases, different kinds of pollutants, perilous floating particles produced by cars, factories, industrial workshops, power plants and residentia MoreAir pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems in Golestan. Each day, a tremendous amount of toxic and fatal gases, different kinds of pollutants, perilous floating particles produced by cars, factories, industrial workshops, power plants and residential buildings are added to the air. Largely due to the increasing demand for cement, cement production industries around Golestan have increased their daily production. Toxic gases and hazardous particulates that release into environment from cement factories have considered as the environmental problems. Cement factory emissions into air cause serious air pollution and affect the plant and animal life in the environment. This study characterized the levels of heavy metals of the leaves near a cement factory. The concentration of eight se lected heavy metals(Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Bi, Ba) were measured on 24 leaves from Quercus and Paliurus spina and Phragmitesaus tralis samples (1-2 m) collected near a cement plant via inductively coupled plasma/mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). SPSS whit 0.05 was used for statistically data analyzing. Results showed The average concentration of heavy metals from Quercus and Paliurus spina and Phragmitesaustralis samples Were not statistically significant in other words, the absorption is the same. There is a significant difference in the cd with Paliurus spina. In other words, Paliurus spina absorb cadmium from others. The concentration of toxic metals in the leaves of plants studied area of heavy metals in the air and leaves the adsorption Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs) on yield and yield components of Black cumin under drought stress conditions in Shahr-e-Rey region
mohamad amin akbari alireza pazoki In order to study the effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield andyield components of Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under drought stress conditions inShahr-e-Rey region, an experiment was done as split plot based on completely randomizedblo More In order to study the effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield andyield components of Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under drought stress conditions inShahr-e-Rey region, an experiment was done as split plot based on completely randomizedblock design with three replications in research farm of Islamic Azad University Yadegare-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre-rey Branch during 2015. In this experiment, irrigation asa major factor in three levels (55, 95, 135 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan )and methods of PGPRs application as a sub in four levels (seed inoculation, using inirrigation water, seed inoculation + using in irrigation water) were considered. The resultsshowed that drought stress had significant effect on all traits at %1 level of probability, sothat the highest plant height (99/18 cm), number of branches per plant (4.5), capsulesnumber per plant (6), number of seeds per capsule (2.19), 1000 grain weight (18.2 g),grain yield (234.79 kg/ha), biological yield (626.58 kg/ha), harvest index (%42.37) wereconducted in irrigation at 55 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan. The use ofPGPRs on plant height, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, grainyield, biological yield and harvest index were significant at 1% level of probability. Thehighest amounts of traits were observed in seed inoculation + using in irrigation water. Soit can be stated that the PGPRs application can reduce destructive effects of drought inblack cumin. The seed inoculation + using in irrigation water were the best recommendedtreatment in water deficit stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Study the Effect of Drought Stress and Phosphate Barvar-2 on Qualitative Traits of coriander (Coriander sativum L.)
Kazem Taleshi Yousef NarimaniExperiment on poldokhtar city located in the eastern miyankuh region in chemeshk village in cropping year 2017-18 with split plot in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with drought stress in developmental stage 4 of coriander (control, steming, flowering, and see MoreExperiment on poldokhtar city located in the eastern miyankuh region in chemeshk village in cropping year 2017-18 with split plot in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with drought stress in developmental stage 4 of coriander (control, steming, flowering, and seed formation) as the main factor and bio-fertilizers as well as in the 4 levels (control, 50, 75 and 100 g/ha) as sub factor in making seed stained. In this experiment the interaction of drought stress and bio fertilizer phosphate barvar-2 are affected on qualitative traits. Non-stress (original irrigation) more than other stress levels hade role in dry weight increased. Control (original irrigation) bearing 1206 kg/ha and stress levels in stemming, flowering and seed formation 1088, 1095 and 1144 kg/ha hade dry weight, respectively.The maximum percentage, yield and linanool content were belonged to in the final stages of growth (seed formation) and 100 gr/ha barvar-2 (0.72%, 21.38 kg/ha and 517.3 gr/ml oil). Thus, in this experiment was concluded that for reduce the negative effects of water stress and quality increase must that be careful using biofertilizers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - Effect of extraction of some medicinal plants to germination inhibitor on seeds of Alfalfa and Sainfoin for autumn sowing
Mehrab YadegariQuality of forage in rangelands dependent to time of beginning of growth, development and stress free. Today, secondary metabolites of medicinal plants can exploit to cause of delay in seed germination of plants. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifo MoreQuality of forage in rangelands dependent to time of beginning of growth, development and stress free. Today, secondary metabolites of medicinal plants can exploit to cause of delay in seed germination of plants. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifolia) have a specific role in forage production in Iran. This assay was carried out to delay of germination by using Thymus vulgaris, Achillea millefolium and Salvia officinalis extracts (0, 15, 30 and 45 gr.l-1 dried leaves) in laboratory condition. Experiments were carried out in completely randomized design with 4 replications. Results showed that water extracts had significant effect (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Study the Effect of Drought Stress and Phosphate Barvar-2 on Qualitative Traits of coriander (Coriander sativum L.)
Yousef Narimani Kazem TaleshiExperiment on poldokhtar city located in the eastern miyankuh region in chemeshk village in cropping year 2017-18 with split plot in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with drought stress in developmental stage 4 of coriander (control, steming, flowering, and see MoreExperiment on poldokhtar city located in the eastern miyankuh region in chemeshk village in cropping year 2017-18 with split plot in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with drought stress in developmental stage 4 of coriander (control, steming, flowering, and seed formation) as the main factor and bio-fertilizers as well as in the 4 levels (control, 50, 75 and 100 g/ha) as sub factor in making seed stained. In this experiment the interaction of drought stress and bio fertilizer phosphate barvar-2 are affected on qualitative traits. Non-stress (original irrigation) more than other stress levels hade role in dry weight increased. Control (original irrigation) bearing 1206 kg/ha and stress levels in stemming, flowering and seed formation 1088, 1095 and 1144 kg/ha hade dry weight, respectively.The maximum percentage, yield and linanool content were belonged to in the final stages of growth (seed formation) and 100 gr/ha barvar-2 (0.72%, 21.38 kg/ha and 517.3 gr/ml oil). Thus, in this experiment was concluded that for reduce the negative effects of water stress and quality increase must that be careful using biofertilizers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Effect of extraction of some medicinal plants to germination inhibitor on seeds of Alfalfa and Sainfoin for autumn sowing
Mehrab YadegariQuality of forage in rangelands dependent to time of beginning of growth, development and stress free. Today, secondary metabolites of medicinal plants can exploit to cause of delay in seed germination of plants. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifo MoreQuality of forage in rangelands dependent to time of beginning of growth, development and stress free. Today, secondary metabolites of medicinal plants can exploit to cause of delay in seed germination of plants. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifolia) have a specific role in forage production in Iran. This assay was carried out to delay of germination by using Thymus vulgaris, Achillea millefolium and Salvia officinalis extracts (0, 15, 30 and 45 gr.l-1 dried leaves) in laboratory condition. Experiments were carried out in completely randomized design with 4 replications. Results showed that water extracts had significant effect (P<0.01) on all measured traits except fresh and dried root weight. In alfalfa seeds, the highest seed vigour, germination percentage and seed germination rate were achieved in control treatment and the least of them were made by extractions of ThymeandSagewith45 gr.l-1. In Sainfoin seeds, the highest seed vigour, germination percentage and seed germination rate were made by control treatment and the least of them were made by extraction of Achillea with45 gr.l-1. Therefor in regions have spring chilling stress, for delay in germination of seeds of alfalfa can use extractions of ThymeandSagewith45 gr.l-1 and for Sainfoin seeds can consume of extraction of Achillea with45 gr.l-1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Determination of Suitability for medicinal functions in Daj rangelands in Bam county
Mina Alizadeh Reza BagheriDaj region, which is part of Bam city, has high potential in the field of medicinal plants due to its great plant diversity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and determine the suitability for the use of medicinal plants in this field. This research was c MoreDaj region, which is part of Bam city, has high potential in the field of medicinal plants due to its great plant diversity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and determine the suitability for the use of medicinal plants in this field. This research was conducted based on the method of FAO, 1991 (using Arc-GIS 10.4.1 package). In this method, to determine the suitability classes, the use of rangelands for different classes are considered as four good quality classes (S1), medium (S2), poor (S3) and unsatisfactory (N). The restrictive condition method was also used to determine the final model. According to the results, the most limiting environmental factor for harvesting medicinal species is the economic index of production. According to the results of this study The economic index of production is considered as an important limiting factor for competence, especially for the plant types of Fourtonia sp and Cousinia stocki, so that these two communities are considered unsuitable in terms of harvesting medicinal species and also plant types Rhazya stricta and Zygophllum eurypterum have poor competence in this index, according to this modeling, the competence of three plant communities of Amygdalus scoparia- Pistacia atlantica, Artemisia sieberi, Amygdalus scoparia was assessed as moderate which can be utilized by indigenous individuals to have better livelihood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - Phytoremediation potential of black nightshade in cadmium contaminated soils in hydroponic system
Fatemeh Ebrahimi Amin Baghizadeh Shahram PourseyediCadmium is a heavy metal causing oxidative stress in plants. The study objective was to determine phytoremediation potential of black nightshade in cadmium contaminated culture medium. The experiment was carried out under hydroponic conditions with five cadmium chl MoreCadmium is a heavy metal causing oxidative stress in plants. The study objective was to determine phytoremediation potential of black nightshade in cadmium contaminated culture medium. The experiment was carried out under hydroponic conditions with five cadmium chloride concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mM based on completely randomized design in three replications. Root length, plant height, plant fresh and dry weight, leaf area, cadmium uptake rate and total chlorophyll were recorded. Cadmium application decreased plant dry weight, leaf area and total chlorophyll and increased root length, plant height and cadmium uptake. Cadmium concentrations up to 400 mM caused cadmium uptake increment in plants. Black nightshade kept phytoremediation potential even at 600 mM cadmium concentration. These changes in morph-physiological traits are for cadmium stress management causing survivability of plant against these conditions and black nightshade could be effective in environment hygiene by cadmium accumulation in its tissues. Therefore, black nightshade might be recommended as a cadmium hyper-accumulator plant in industrial cadmium contaminated soils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - Morpho-physiological, biochemical, yield and composition of essential oils of woundwort collected from Marand, Iran
Maryam Partovi Marand Alireza Tabatabei Raisi Shahram Baghban SirosWoundwort (Stachys Lavandofolia Vahl.) is a lamiaceous plant growing frequently in Iran. Woundwortsamples were collected from three habitats including Erelan, Golajar and Nojehdeh Sheikhlar located in Marand, Iran in late spring and their geographical characterist MoreWoundwort (Stachys Lavandofolia Vahl.) is a lamiaceous plant growing frequently in Iran. Woundwortsamples were collected from three habitats including Erelan, Golajar and Nojehdeh Sheikhlar located in Marand, Iran in late spring and their geographical characteristics were recorded. Some morphological and physiological traits such as stem length, plant fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll a,b and total chlorophull content, and biochemical characteristics including Na, K, Ca, Mg and P content and also yield and essential oils yield and composition were measured. Obtained data were analyzed based on completely randomized design. The amount of Mg in Goljar, stem length in Nojedeh Sheikhlar, Na and fresh weight and chlorophyll a and b content in Erlan were in maximum value. Anti-oxidan activity was the same in all habitats. Wounworts collected from Erlanhad more Na content comparing other habitats which can be related to higher germacren D in plant tissues collected from this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - The effect of salicylic acid foliar spraying on morphophysiological characteristics of common mallow and Moldavian balm
Hassan Nourafcan Afsaneh MahboubiSalicylic acid has an important role in some plant physiological processes as a plant growth regulator. In current study, the effect of salicylic acid on morphological and physiological traits of common mallow and Moldavian balm was studied based on completely randomize MoreSalicylic acid has an important role in some plant physiological processes as a plant growth regulator. In current study, the effect of salicylic acid on morphological and physiological traits of common mallow and Moldavian balm was studied based on completely randomized block design in farm condition at Bostanabad county, Iran. Plantlets were sprayed by 0, 150 and 300 mg/L salicylic acid two month after planting and two weeks after. In flowering stage, the plant height, stem, root and internode length, leaf, root and lateral roots number, dry and fresh weight of stem, root and leaf, dry matter percentage of root, stem and leaf and also chlorophyll content were recorded. Salicylic acid spraying improved all common mallow traits but root number and length. In Moldavian balm, salicylic acid application increased all traits. However, it decreased root and stem dry matter percentage and had no effect on root number and length. Also, 300 mg/L of salicylic acid was more effective than 150 mg/L in common mallow traits except dry leaf weight and root dry matter percentage and in Moldavian balm expect length internode. Thus, foliar spraying of salicylic acid can be recommended for as a simple and economical method for yield and growth indices improvement of common mallow and Moldavian balm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Investigation on the trend and effective factors on export of sweet root and cumin medicinal plants in Iran
Ehteram Deilami Hamid Mohammadi Amir Borjian The main objective of this study was to analysis the export trend of sweet root and cumin and to determine factors affecting their export over 1981-2003. Exported amount of cumin revealed a growth, accompanied with fluctuations. In the case of sweet root, however, More The main objective of this study was to analysis the export trend of sweet root and cumin and to determine factors affecting their export over 1981-2003. Exported amount of cumin revealed a growth, accompanied with fluctuations. In the case of sweet root, however, export growth was less important with more fluctuations than that of cumin. Based on estimated results, it was revealed that exchange rate and domestic - world price ratio of cumin had a positive significant effect on it’s export and one percent increase in the value of the above variables will resulted in 1.8 and 1.1 percent growth in cumin export, respectively. Findings also showed that domestic – world price ratio of sweet root, GDP and exchange rate had a positive significant effect on sweet root export. Like the cumin, it was expected that one percent increase in the mentioned variables will raise the sweet root export 1.05, 3.2 and 0.84 percent, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - Effects of genotype, plant density and planting pattern on the yield and yield components of canola.
Behrouz Salehi jafar mohammadi mohsen khodadadiEffects of different densities and planting patterns on yield and yield components of three canola cultivars were studied in 2008. The experiment was a split – plot based on randomized complete block design with three cultivars (Licord, Talayeh and Modena) as the MoreEffects of different densities and planting patterns on yield and yield components of three canola cultivars were studied in 2008. The experiment was a split – plot based on randomized complete block design with three cultivars (Licord, Talayeh and Modena) as the main plots and plant densities on rows (5, 12.5 and 20 cm) and sowing patterns (rectangular and zigzag forms) with a factorial arrangement as subplots. Traits were evaluated included developmental stages, silique numbers in plant, silique numbers per unit area, number of silique in branches, number of branches per plant, grain numbers in silique, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, harvest index, oil percentage and oil yield. The results showed that the growth and development of rapeseed were less affected by density and sowing pattern in almost all treatments but every step occurrence in three cultivars tested were different. All parameters studied were affected by cultivar. Effect of plant density on the numbers of silique in plant, silique numbers per unit area, number of branches per plant, seeds per silique, 1000 seed weight, grain yield, harvest index and oil yield was significant. Effect of sowing pattern was also significant on the numbers of silique per unit area, silique numbers per branch, number of seeds per silique, grain yield. harvest index and oil yield. Interaction effects of cultivar, planting density and pattern for all traits were significant. Regarding to the effect of cultivar on yield and oil percent age, Licord and Modena, regarding to the effect of density on yield, plant distance of 5 cm on rows, regarding to the effects of sowing pattern on yield and oil percentage, planting zigzag and in interaction effects of cultivar, density and planting pattern on yield and oil percentage, (Talayeh cultivar, the plant distance of 20 cm on rows, planting pattern of zigzag, and Modena cultivar, 20 cm plant distances on rows and a rectangular planting pattern treatments were cosidered as superior, respectively. Regarding to the goal of present research, oil production, treatment of Talayeh cultivar, 20 cm plant space in rows and zigzag form plant pattern production oil (1571.85 kg. ha-1) can be recommend for production canola in this experiment Similar climative condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Autecological characteristics of dog rose and hawthorn in using canonical correspondence and detrended correspondence analysis in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran
Farokh Ahmadi nassab Erfan ZolfeghariThis research aimed to study the needs of habitat and ecological characteristics of two species of medicinal ornamental plants included dog rose and hawthornusing multi-variale regression canonical correspondence (CCA) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) for dev MoreThis research aimed to study the needs of habitat and ecological characteristics of two species of medicinal ornamental plants included dog rose and hawthornusing multi-variale regression canonical correspondence (CCA) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) for development of urban green space in East Azerbaijan province. Totally, 52 of mentioned plants soil samples were collected from East Azerbaijan, Iran and their habitat and physiographical characteristics such as slope, orientation and altitude and edaphic characteristics of collection site such as pH, EC, soil texture, lime percentage and soil fertility factors were recorded. Collected ecological were analyzed using PC-ORD software based on multivariate regression analysis of CCA and DCA. Increasing of soil phosphorus and decreasing of slope tend to density of hawthorn. The least pH was found in hawthorn soils. Also, hawthorn and dog rose growing areas were in north orientation and in soils with light texture and high drainage. Both plants had almost the same ecological needs. Therefore they can be planted in landscapes of urban and downtown in combination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Creating rural employment and entrepreneurship based on the development of medicinal plants
zahra KoraniIntroduction: In recent years, despite the reduction of the role of the agricultural sector in the country's economy, agricultural products still constitute a major part of non-oil export earnings. After garden and dry products, products such as medicinal plants have an MoreIntroduction: In recent years, despite the reduction of the role of the agricultural sector in the country's economy, agricultural products still constitute a major part of non-oil export earnings. After garden and dry products, products such as medicinal plants have an important place in Iran's agricultural exports. The potential of medicinal and aromatic plants as a catalyst for rural development, increasing household cash income, and improving livelihoods among poor communities, especially among women, poor and marginalized youth, and landless farmers, has been recognized. Experimental: Present review and library research with the aim of creating employment and rural entrepreneurship based on the development of medicinal plants. Results and Disscussion: Entrepreneurship is one of the most basic concepts needed in today's society, which has been introduced as the engine of economic development of communities, especially rural areas. Entrepreneurship can lead to economic growth and development of countries, increase productivity, create jobs and develop social welfare. The entrepreneurial cycle begins with an entrepreneur who discovers an opportunity, creates an organization to pursue that opportunity, gathers the resources needed, implements a practical plan, takes the risk. Calculates the positive results and results of the work and does all these things in a certain period of time. Due to the constant human need for health, medicinal plants play an important role as a species of plants effective in prevention, strengthening and treatment. Throughout history, humans have used herbal medicines to prevent or treat diseases while using certain types of medicinal plants. And today, despite the introduction of new technologies and the manufacture of chemical drugs, the use of medicinal plants and herbal medicines has not decreased, but due to adaptation to the human body and low side effects, the need to pay attention to it has increased. This category as a valuable opportunity can play an important role in increasing production, wealth and job creation, especially in rural areas. Extension: In recent decades, one of the most important pillars of development planning in the country, especially in rural areas, is the emphasis on development using environmental capabilities, and planners are looking for ways to increase agricultural income and rural income. Increase. In this regard, creating entrepreneurship and employment in rural areas is one of the proposed solutions for the development of rural areas. Entrepreneurship has been introduced as the engine of economic development of communities and especially rural areas. Entrepreneurship can lead to economic growth and development of areas, increase productivity, create jobs and develop social welfare. One of the fields of entrepreneurship and employment in rural areas is the cultivation of medicinal plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - Effect of drying conditions on glycyrrhizic acid and water soluble extract of licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)
Ali Rezvani Aghdam Seyyed Mohammad Hosein Ale Omrani NejadIntroduction: Nature has always been an excellent source of many therapeutic compounds providing with numerous medicinal plants and microorganisms producing beneficial chemicals. The growing demand for medicinal species indicates the emergence of a market with high pote MoreIntroduction: Nature has always been an excellent source of many therapeutic compounds providing with numerous medicinal plants and microorganisms producing beneficial chemicals. The growing demand for medicinal species indicates the emergence of a market with high potential for consumption, requiring a consistent and readily available supply of high-quality raw material. Medicinal properties of plants are mainly related to the ingredient contents. Achieving the maximum ingredient contents is one of the most important goals of the production and processing of medicinal plants. The post-harvesting process of medicinal plants has great importance in the production chain, because of its direct influence on the quality and quantity of the active ingredients in the product sold. Drying is the most common processing method affecting the quality and quantity of ingredients after harvesting. Several factors such as temperature, duration, air flow, relative humidity, sample size and plant texture affect the amount and type of these compounds. The choice of the optimal drying air temperature is a central economic and ecological criterion. Although most experimental studies state that increasing temperature was related to the reduction active ingredient contents, but also, there are differences in temperature sensitivity between species. Increasing temperature was leaded decreasing time of drying especially large samples. Glycyrriza glabra (fabaceae family) is ligneous perennial shrubs plant. This plant is considered one of the most important export medicinal plants, which has medicinal properties. The medicinal properties of this plant are mainly related to glycyrrhizic acid and water-soluble extract. This plant was used in foods as sweetening and in both traditional and herbal medicine. This plant was considered to have strong pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, antibacterial, regulating blood lipids and blood glucose levels, neuroprotection, anti-osteoporosis, phytoestrogen and anticancer. In this study, the effect of temperature and root size was evaluated on glycyrrizic acid and water soluble extract.Materials and Methods: Gathered licorice root were chopped in large size (10 cm length, 10mm diameter), medium size (5 cm length, 7mm diameter), and small size (2 cm length, 5mm diameter). All samples were dried in room temperature (natural drying), and oven (50 and 70 degree centigrade). Glycyrrhizic acid solution were prepared European pharmacopeia and were injected HPLC apparatus. To prepare water soluble extract, water poured on prepared licorice root powder. After 24 hours keeping steady, sample was shaked off with shaker apparatus 8 hours and keeping steady again18 hours. Ready mixture was filtered and heated in 105 degrees centigrade until it reached constant weight. Water soluble extract and glycyrrhizic acid were measured to determine effect drying temperature and size sample on the amount of them.Results and Discution: Based on the results of this research, temperature did not have a significant effect on the amount of glycyrrhizic acid in small dried samples, but in medium samples, an increase in temperature was led to a significant decrease in glycyrrhizic acid, and in large samples, an increase in temperature was led to significant increase in glycyrrhizic acid. Water-soluble extract showed similar behavior glycyrrhizic acid. Finally, drying large size licorice root in 70 degrees centigrade introduced as the best conditions for drying licorice root. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - A review on mangrove plants in pharmaceutical industry
Seyed Afshin Nateghi Shahrokni Fatemeh Jalalvand Ali Ebrahimi Setareh BadriMangrove forests with an area of 15.2 million hectares are one of the most important coastal ecosystems in the world, which are located in the intertidal of tropical regions. These forests include special trees and shrubs that have the ability to grow in salty waters, b MoreMangrove forests with an area of 15.2 million hectares are one of the most important coastal ecosystems in the world, which are located in the intertidal of tropical regions. These forests include special trees and shrubs that have the ability to grow in salty waters, beds with siliceous soils and fine-grained sediments of muddy shores. Most of these areas have been registered as biosphere reserves, national parks or protected areas due to their environmental importance, and therefore one of the most important sources of primary production, nursery grounds, aquatic fishing and aquaculture, harvesting livestock forage, treatment and medicinal, production of oil, gum and fuel, desalination and increases water quality, coastal protection, carbon sequestration, education and research, handicrafts and ornaments and tourism industry are considered. In Iran and the southern coasts, including the provinces of Bushehr, Hormozgan and Sistan and Baluchistan; Mangrove; Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata are the only mangrove species. Humans has always been searching for agents to cure various diseases. Today, mangrove plants are used as medicinal plants due to the presence of various chemical compounds, which are used in various cases of treatment. This article reviews of some of the treatments of these plants, such as increasing aphrodisiac, soothe, treatment of burns and wound healing, treatment of herpes infection, rheumatism, treatment of parasitic infections, urinary ulcers, skin diseases and treatment of kidney stones are mentioned. Mangrove forests with an area of 15.2 million hectares are one of the most important coastal ecosystems in the world, which are located in the intertidal of tropical regions. These forests include special trees and shrubs that have the ability to grow in salty waters, beds with siliceous soils and fine-grained sediments of muddy shores. Most of these areas have been registered as biosphere reserves, national parks or protected areas due to their environmental importance, and therefore one of the most important sources of primary production, nursery grounds, aquatic fishing and aquaculture, harvesting livestock forage, treatment and medicinal, production of oil, gum and fuel, desalination and increases water quality, coastal protection, carbon sequestration, education and research, handicrafts and ornaments and tourism industry are considered. In Iran and the southern coasts, including the provinces of Bushehr, Hormozgan and Sistan and Baluchistan; Mangrove; Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata are the only mangrove species. Humans has always been searching for agents to cure various diseases. Today, mangrove plants are used as medicinal plants due to the presence of various chemical compounds, which are used in various cases of treatment. This article reviews of some of the treatments of these plants, such as increasing aphrodisiac, soothe, treatment of burns and wound healing, treatment of herpes infection, rheumatism, treatment of parasitic infections, urinary ulcers, skin diseases and treatment of kidney stones are mentioned. Mangrove forests with an area of 15.2 million hectares are one of the most important coastal ecosystems in the world, which are located in the intertidal of tropical regions. These forests include special trees and shrubs that have the ability to grow in salty waters, beds with siliceous soils and fine-grained sediments of muddy shores. Most of these areas have been registered as biosphere reserves, national parks or protected areas due to their environmental importance, and therefore one of the most important sources of primary production, nursery grounds, aquatic fishing and aquaculture, harvesting livestock forage, treatment and medicinal, production of oil, gum and fuel, desalination and increases water quality, coastal protection, carbon sequestration, education and research, handicrafts and ornaments and tourism industry are considered. In Iran and the southern coasts, including the provinces of Bushehr, Hormozgan and Sistan and Baluchistan; Mangrove; Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata are the only mangrove species. Humans has always been searching for agents to cure various diseases. Today, mangrove plants are used as medicinal plants due to the presence of various chemical compounds, which are used in various cases of treatment. This article reviews of some of the treatments of these plants, such as increasing aphrodisiac, soothe, treatment of burns and wound healing, treatment of herpes infection, rheumatism, treatment of parasitic infections, urinary ulcers, skin diseases and treatment of kidney stones are mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - Study the effect of artificial salinity stress due to the application of seed priming with acetic acid and sodium hydroxide on growth indicators of cumin plant
Abbas Sheibanian Mitra ZabelizadehAbstract:In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress, seed priming and foliar spraying with acetic acid and sodium hydroxide on the agronomic characteristics of cumin, an experiment was carried out in the research farm of the Jihad Agricultural Management of D MoreAbstract:In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress, seed priming and foliar spraying with acetic acid and sodium hydroxide on the agronomic characteristics of cumin, an experiment was carried out in the research farm of the Jihad Agricultural Management of Dana town in the form of a split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design and in three replications. experimental treatments include irrigation at three levels (7 days, 10 days and 14 days) as the main factor and priming treatment at five levels (control, 0.5 mM acetic acid mal seed, foliar spraying of sodium hydroxide 2 per thousand, seeds of acetic acid + 0.5 mM acetic acid foliar spray) were as secondary factors. At the end of the growing season, the traits of total dry weight, number of seeds per pod, weight of 1000 seeds, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index were calculated. The results showed that salinity stress had a significant effect on all investigated traits. The highest average in the traits was obtained from the 7-day irrigation cycle. The effect of seed priming on all measured traits was significant. The highest average yield was obtained from the treatment of acetic acid + foliar application of acetic acid. Acetic acid was able to reduce the effect of salinity stress on plant growth under stress conditions.Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress, seed priming and foliar spraying with acetic acid and sodium hydroxide on the agronomic characteristics of cumin, an experiment was carried out in the research farm of the Jihad Agricultural Management of Dana town in the form of a split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design and in three replications. experimental treatments include irrigation at three levels (7 days, 10 days and 14 days) as the main factor and priming treatment at five levels (control, 0.5 mM acetic acid mal seed, foliar spraying of sodium hydroxide 2 per thousand, seeds of acetic acid + 0.5 mM acetic acid foliar spray) were as secondary factors. At the end of the growing season, the traits of total dry weight, number of seeds per pod, weight of 1000 seeds, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index were calculated. The results showed that salinity stress had a significant effect on all investigated traits. The highest average in the traits was obtained from the 7-day irrigation cycle. The effect of seed priming on all measured traits was significant. The highest average yield was obtained from the treatment of acetic acid + foliar application of acetic acid. Acetic acid was able to reduce the effect of salinity stress on plant growth under stress conditions.Abstract:In order to investigate the effect of salinity stress, seed priming and foliar spraying with acetic acid and sodium hydroxide on the agronomic characteristics of cumin, an experiment was carried out in the research farm of the Jihad Agricultural Management of Dana town in the form of a split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design and in three replications. experimental treatments include irrigation at three levels (7 days, 10 days and 14 days) as the main factor and priming treatment at five levels (control, 0.5 mM acetic acid mal seed, foliar spraying of sodium hydroxide 2 per thousand, seeds of acetic acid + 0.5 mM acetic acid foliar spray) were as secondary factors. At the end of the growing season, the traits of total dry weight, number of seeds per pod, weight of 1000 seeds, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index were calculated. The results showed that salinity stress had a significant effect on all investigated traits. The highest average in the traits was obtained from the 7-day irrigation cycle. The effect of seed priming on all measured traits was significant. The highest average yield was obtained from the treatment of acetic acid + foliar application of acetic acid. Acetic acid was able to reduce the effect of salinity stress on plant growth under stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Identification of some medicinal plants in Rustam region (Fars province, Iran)
Saeideh Khaloei Elham HatamiIntroduction: Medicinal plants are an important part of traditional medicine in many countries including Iran and they are also valuable in new therapeutic approaches. The aim of this study is to identify some medicinal plants that local residents of Rustam and surround MoreIntroduction: Medicinal plants are an important part of traditional medicine in many countries including Iran and they are also valuable in new therapeutic approaches. The aim of this study is to identify some medicinal plants that local residents of Rustam and surrounding villages are widely used in treatment of disease.Experimental: The data sheets were recorded by using field surveys, knowledge of local people, identification and classification of these plants. For each species, scientific name, local name, usable organs of plants and common therapeutic properties were provided. The totals of 54 species belonging to 33 families were collected. Asteraceae with eight species was the largest families among the other families.Results: Most of these medicinal plants were used for treatment of gastrointestinal and infectious disease. A large number of plants in this region have medicinal properties and economic values. Therefore, it is essential for local people and natural resources organization to protect them against extinction and uncontrolled harvesting.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that these plants are mostly used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Manuscript profile
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