Inhibition Potential of Leaf Extracts of Ornamental Shrubs Plumeria rubra and Calotropis procera on Germination and Growth of Selected Weeds - A Way to Reduce the Risk of Synthetic Herbicides
Subject Areas : Journal of Ornamental PlantsMehrdad Babarabie 1 , Fatemeh Sheikhzadeh 2 , Fatemeh Salari 3 , Ali Salehi Sardoei 4 , Amir Ghorbanzadeh 5 , Bahman Fazeli-Nasab 6
1 - Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Complex, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, 7916193145, Iran
2 - Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Complex, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, 7916193145, Iran
3 - Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran
4 - Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
5 - Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
6 - Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agriculture Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
Keywords: Environment, Frangipani, Herbal, Natural compounds, Seed, Tropical plants,
Abstract :
Allelopathy is a fascinating phenomenon where plants release chemical compounds that can affect the growth and development of neighboring plants. Identifying plant materials that are readily available, cost-effective, and exhibit strong allelopathic properties could have significant environmental benefits as biological herbicides. In this study, the allelopathic effects of extracts from two tropical ornamental shrubs, Plumeria rubra and Calotropis procera, were investigated through laboratory experiments. The allelopathic effects of these extracts on seed germination and other germination-related traits were systematically analyzed. The findings showed that the combined application of 5% Plumeria + 10% Calotropis was highly effective for Chenopodium album, while the treatment of 10% Plumeria + 5% Calotropis was most effective for Onobrychis sativa, resulting in complete inhibition of germination. In contrast, the absence of extracts reduced stress effects and increased germination rates. The highest germination percentages were observed for Onobrychis sativa (55.00 ± 5.010), Rumex acetosella (75.00 ± 3.741), Amaranthus retroflexus (100.00 ± 5.849), Tribulus terrestris (21.67 ± 2.415), and Chenopodium album (33.33 ± 0.838). It was suggested that the combined application of 5% Plumeria + 10% Calotropis significantly inhibited the germination of weeds such as Chenopodium album and Onobrychis sativa. In conclusion, this study confirmed that the combined use of methanolic extracts holds promise as a potential raw material for developing pre-emergence herbicides targeting various weeds. This finding is significant as it offers scientific evidence that could support future research and development of eco-friendly herbicides.
Adhikari L., Mohseni-Moghadam M., Missaoui A. Allelopathic effects of cereal rye on weed suppression and forage yield in Alfalfa. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 2018; 9(4): 685-700.
Aflakpui G.K.S., Gregory P.J., Froud-Williams R.J. Effect of temperature on seed germination rate of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. Crop Protection. 1998; 17(2): 129-133.
Ahn J.K., Chung I.M. Allelopathic potential of rice hulls on germination and seedling growth of barnyardgrass. Agronomy Journal. 2000; 92(6): 1162-1167.
Arsana I.N., Juliasih N.K.A., Ayu Sauca Sunia Widyantari A.A., Suriani N.L., Manto A. GC-MS Analysis of the Active Compound in Ethanol Extracts of White Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and Pharmacological Effects. Cell Mol Biomed Rep. 2022; 2(3): 151-161.
Bao H., Hao L., Zhang F., Yang F., Yang Z., Li X., Zheng Q. Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Pugionium cornutum on seed germination and seedling growth of cabbage. Plant Physiology Journal. 2015; 51(7): 1109-1116.
Bao S., Miao Y., Deng S., Xu Y. Allelopathic effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in the seedling stage on seed germination and growth of Elymus nutans in different areas. Acta Ecol. Sin. 2019; 39: 1475-1483.
Cao L., Yu D., Cui L., Du X.-w. Research progress on chemical composition, pharmacological effects and product development of Artemisia argyi. Drug Evaluation Research. 2018; 41(5): 918-923.
Chadho K., Rajender G. Advances in Horticulture Medicinal and Aromatic plants, Vol. 11. Maldorta. Pub., New Delh. 1995.
Chen Q., Sun D., Fang T., Zhu B., Liu W., He X., Sun X., Duan S. In vitro allelopathic effects of compounds from Cerbera manghas L. on three Dinophyta species responsible for harmful common red tides. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 754: 142253.
Chon S.-U., Choi S.-K., Jung S., Jang H.-G., Pyo B.-S., Kim S.-M. Effects of alfalfa leaf extracts and phenolic allelochemicals on early seedling growth and root morphology of alfalfa and barnyard grass. Crop Protection. 2002; 21(10): 1077-1082.
Chung I.M., Ahn J.K., Yun S.J. Assessment of allelopathic potential of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) on rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Crop Protection. 2001; 20(10): 921-928.
Dias S.L., Chuang L., Liu S., Seligmann B., Brendel F.L., Chavez B.G., Hoffie R.E., Hoffie I., Kumlehn J., Bultemeier A., Wolf J., Herde M., Witte C.P., D'Auria J.C., Franke J. Biosynthesis of the allelopathic alkaloid gramine in barley by a cryptic oxidative rearrangement. Science. 2024; 383(6690): 1448-1454.
Fazeli-Nasab B., Khajeh H., Piri R., Moradian Z. Effect of humic acid on germination characteristics of Lallemantia royleana and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba under salinity stress. [Research]. Iranian Journal of Seed Research. 2023; 9(2): 51-62.
Haidarizadeh M., Lotfi V., Fazeli-Nasab B. Effects of Coumarin on Amylase Activity, Electrolyte Leakage and Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Sesame (Sesamum indicium L.). Agrotechniques in Industrial Crops. 2024; 4(2): 80-88.
Hosseini-Moghaddam M., Moradi A., Piri R., Glick B.R., Fazeli-Nasab B., Sayyed R.Z. Seed coating with minerals and plant growth-promoting bacteria enhances drought tolerance in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.). Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 2024; 58: 103202.
Humphrey A.J., Beale M.H. Strigol: Biogenesis and physiological activity. Phytochemistry. 2006; 67(7): 636-640.
Hussain M.I., Reigosa M.J. Allelochemical stress inhibits growth, leaf water relations, PSII photochemistry, non-photochemical fluorescence quenching, and heat energy dissipation in three C3 perennial species. Journal of Experimental Botany. 2011; 62(13): 4533-4545.
Jmii G., Sayari M., Mars M., Gharsallaoui S., Haouala R. Nicotiana glauca, a Key Plant for Tomato Growth Enhancement and for the Weed Cynodon dactylon Control. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection. 2022; 17(2): 77-96.
Kapoor, S.L. and Sharga, A.N. House plants. Vatika Prakashnan, India. 1993.
Li J., Chen L., Chen Q., Miao Y., Peng Z., Huang B., Guo L., Liu D., Du H. Allelopathic effect of Artemisia argyi on the germination and growth of various weeds. Scientific reports. 2021; 11(1): 4303.
Li J.-X., Ye J.-W., Liu D.-H. Allelopathic effects of Miscanthus floridulus on seed germination and seedling growth of three crops. Ying Yong Sheng tai xue bao= The Journal of Applied Ecology. 2020; 31(7): 2219-2226.
Li Y., Zhang Y., Jiang Z., Chen T., Wu S. Control effects of several herbicides on weeds in tobacco fields. J. Anhui Agric. Sci. 2016; 44: 165-168.
Maguire J.D. Speed of germination-aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop science. 1962; 2: 176-177.
Mlombo N.T., Dube Z.P., Makhubu F.N., Nxumalo H. Argemone ochroleuca Phytochemicals and Allelopathic Effect of Their Extracts on Germination of Soybean. International Journal of Plant Biology. 2024; 15(2): 304-319.
Moradi A., Sohrabiani S., Piri R., Fazeli-Nasab B., Farooq M. Efficacy of Priming Technique to Enhance Germination of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) Seeds of Different Lifespans. Agrotechniques in Industrial Crops. 2023; 3(3): 152-161.
Mushtaq W., Fauconnier M.-L., De Clerck C. Assessment of induced allelopathy in crop-weed co-culture with rye-pigweed model. Scientific Reports. 2024; 14(1): 10446.
Muthusamy, K. 2014. Combustible incense of frangipani flower (Plumeria rubra) as Aedes aegypti mos¬quito repellent (Thesis). Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Patanè C., Pellegrino A., Cosentino S.L., Testa G. Allelopathic effects of Cannabis sativa L. aqueous leaf extracts on seed germination and seedling growth in durum wheat and barley. Agronomy. 2023; 13(2): 454.
Rawat L.S., Maikhuri R., Bahuguna Y.M., Jha N., Phondani P. Sunflower allelopathy for weed control in agriculture systems. Journal of crop science and biotechnology. 2017; 20(1): 45-60.
Samreen, U., Hussain, F. and Sher, Z. 2009. Allelopathic potential of Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait. Pak J Pl Sci. 15 (1): 7–14.
Shen S., Xu G., Zhang F., Jin G., Liu S., Yang Y., Zhang Y. Allelopathic effects of water extracts from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaves on five major farming weeds. Acta Ecol. Sin. 2017; 37: 1931-1938.
Soltys D., Krasuska U., Bogatek R., Gniazdowska A. Allelochemicals as bioherbicides—Present and perspectives Herbicides-Current research and case studies in use: IntechOpen. 2013
Staszek P., Krasuska U., Ciacka K., Gniazdowska A. ROS metabolism perturbation as an element of mode of action of allelochemicals. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(11): 1648.
Stephen, H.B. 2008. Identification of the four forms of Plumeria rubra. Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. 121: 406–407.
Xie M., Wang X. Allelopathic effects of Thuidium kanedae on four urban spontaneous plants. Scientific Reports. 2024; 14(1): 14794.
Zhang A., Dao Y., Xu Y., Lei F., Zhang L. Advances in studies on allelopathy of medicinal plants in China. Chin. Tradit. Herb. Drugs. 2011; 42: 1885-1890.
Zhang Y., Lu S., Gao H. Allelopathic effect of different solvent extraction from seed of Taxus chinensis var. mairei on cabbage seed germination and seedling growth. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin. 2010; 26: 190-194.
Zhao J., Yang Z., Zou J., Li Q. Allelopathic effects of sesame extracts on seed germination of moso bamboo and identification of potential allelochemicals. Scientific Reports. 2022; 12(1): 6661.
