بررسی اثر طول دوره تنش گرمایی بر رشد، گلدهی و نشت یونی چهار ژنوتیپ همیشه بهار

Subject Areas : Journal of Ornamental Plants

طیبه نازدار ¹ , احمد ناظمی ² , علی تهرانی فر ³ , حسین نعمتی ⁴ , لیلا سمیعی ⁵

1 - Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Iran.
2 - Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Iran
3 - استاد گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
4 - Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Iran.
5 - Department of Ornamental Plants, Research Center for Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Iran

Received: 2016-06-03 Accepted : 2017-03-03 Published : 2017-06-01

Keywords: ریخت شناسی, گیاهان فصلی, دمای بالا, تحمل گرمایی,

Abstract :

به دلیل افزایش دمای کره زمین نیاز به تولید ارقام گیاهان فصلی متحمل به گرما در حال افزایش است. به منظور بررسی اثرات طول دوره دمای بالا (صفر، 7، 14 و 21 روز) بر صفات رشدی و زینتی جهت تعیین تحمل نسبی چهار نوع ژنوتیپ همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis) آزمایش گلدانی انجام شد. صفات ارتفاع گیاه، سطح برگ، وزن تر و خشک شاخه، وزن تر و خشک ریشه،  زمان گلدهی، تعداد گل، میانگین قطر گل و دوام گل جهت بررسی رشد و نمو مورد اندازه­ گیری قرار گرفتند. ارتفاع، سطح برگ و رشد شاخه و ریشه در دمای 42 - 35 درجه سانتی­گراد نسبت به دمای 30-20 درجه سانتی­گراد به طور معنی­ داری کمتر بود. افزایش دما باعث افزایش روز تا گلدهی (گلدهی دیرتر) شد. همچنین تنش گرمایی تعداد گل، اندازه و دوام گل را کاهش داد، به­ طوری که کمترین میانگین این صفات در بین طول دوره­ های مختلف دمای بالا، مربوط به 21 روز بود. افزایش دوره تنش گرمایی در تمام ارقام باعث کاهش ارتفاع، سطح برگ، رشد شاخه و ریشه، شاخص SPAD، قطر و دوام گل گردید، اما درصد کاهش پارامترهای رشد و گلدهی در بین ارقام متفاوت بود. با افزایش مدت تنش گرما، میزان نشت یونی برگ افزایش یافت. نتایج نشان داد ارقام مورد بررسی از نظر حساسیت به تنش دمای بالا تفاوت داشتند و رقم ‘Indian Prince’ به دلیل ثبات غشای سلولی بالاتر، رشد بهتر شاخساره و ریشه و گلدهی دیرتر نسبت به سه رقم دیگر تحمل گرمایی بالاتری دارد.

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