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Open Access Article
1 - ‘Enhancement of future competitiveness in branches of Islamic Azad University Tehran’
zahra dehnavi Hamid Reza Arasteh Parivash JafariExtensive Abstract: The purpose of this study was to enhance a competitiveness model for Islamic Azad University branches in the future. The research was applied and mixed. The community and statistical sample in the qualitative section included scientific and academic MoreExtensive Abstract: The purpose of this study was to enhance a competitiveness model for Islamic Azad University branches in the future. The research was applied and mixed. The community and statistical sample in the qualitative section included scientific and academic experts with managerial positions and in quantitative section included faculty members of the universities in Tehran province. Sampling method was done as a probabilistic sampling in qualitative and non-probabilistic section in quantitative part. In the qualitative section, a tool was used to interview experts and in quantitative section a researcher-made questionnaire was used.To analyze the information and qualitative data, content analysis and in the quantitative part of the normalization test, single-sample and group tests, linear regression, structural equation modleling and confirmatory factor analysis were used. The findings highlighted the dimensions and indicators of competitiveness, and also showed that universities have problems in all of these indicators and dimensions(competitiveness).The problem is that in respondent's opinion, in all the indicators and dimensions of the existing situation with the desirable situation (efficiency and performance of the university according to available tools and facilities), there is a significant difference. This means that the universities of Tehran province have not been able to achieve the desired result and have been weak in all dimensions and indexes, and finally the final modle is presented in a desirable situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Reconstruction of modified holographic Ricci dark energy in El-Nabulsi fractional action cosmology
Surajit Chattopadhyay Antonio Pasqua -
Open Access Article
3 - Network Investigation and Performance Analysis of ZigBee Technology using OPNET
Ojo Jayeola Adaramola Jamiu Rotimi Olasina -
Open Access Article
4 - Environment Impact Assessment Of Landuse Settlement on Rivers quantitative/ qualitative parameters. (Case Study: zashk river)
Shiva Ajilian Momtaz Nature- Travelling is a part of Tourism complex that applied to warrant travel to natural area.For study and enjoy to plants and an More Nature- Travelling is a part of Tourism complex that applied to warrant travel to natural area.For study and enjoy to plants and animals view and every cultural aspect contemporary or past.At the present, while suddenly increase and non- plan Tourism Global the factors have effect environment that uncorrect planning cause environmental pollution.In hence, we must need to assessment environment effects that such activity for recognizing and fore sight marks a project are on human and environment health. Zoshk village in khorasan is one of the most important tourism.In edge of river have many The village has a Natural landscope called Zoshk River is length 30km. The river pass through vary gardens and Agri-lands produce beatiful landscope. Restaurant and villas That every which like as Natural- source, sufficient effective to environment. But what was effects through the human- made factors settlement? Tourism events in attractions cause chang to eco-system such as increase development restaurant and surplus water repelling, chang to side using of water - surface,disorder in (soil/land) utilization, preparations and change to condition specially, soil- characteristics and…so, Ask the following questions: Did the changes can hazard quality River-water and increase ill-ness? What did we can performance to decrease Negative effects? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Use of edible coating of alginate enriched with nettle extract to enhance the shelf life of rainbow trout fillet
Maliheh Zarandi Maryam Hasani Payman Mahasti Hassan Hamedi -
Open Access Article
6 - The effect of coating with chitosan containing cumin essential oil on the quality and shelf life of chicken fillets
Leila Aghababaei Maryam Hasani Payman Mahasti Hassan Hamedi -
Open Access Article
7 - A Robust Scenario Based Approach in an Uncertain Condition Applied to Location-Allocation Distribution Centers Problem
Mahdi Bashiri Amir Moslemi -
Open Access Article
8 - Study of the water quality parameters of the inlet and outlet water of a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farm on the water quality parameters in Masouleh River, Guilan province
Reza Farzi Najme Tabasinezhad Azin Ahmadi Hamed Mosavi-Sabet Javid Imanpour NaminIn the last few decades, the construction of fish farms on the banks of rivers has increased significantly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of the inlet and outlet water of the rainbow trout farm and also to investigate the effects of the efflue MoreIn the last few decades, the construction of fish farms on the banks of rivers has increased significantly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of the inlet and outlet water of the rainbow trout farm and also to investigate the effects of the effluent on the water quality parameters of the Masouleh River located in Guilan Province. To perform this study, three stations including the control station at the entrance of the farm, the second station at the outlet of the farm effluent and the third station at a distance of less than 100 m after the outlet of the farm were sampled once every fifteen days for three months (November, December, and January 2019). The results of the study showed that the farm output water had a significant effect on water quality indices such as temperature, acidity (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrite (NO2-), nitrate (NO3-) and ammonia. The level of dissolved oxygen in the outlet water in the first two months of the sampling (5.75 ± 0.18 mg/L) had a significant decrease (P<0.05) compared to the inlet water and the acidity, nitrate, nitrite and water hardness values in the outlet water (8.23 ± 0.09, 4.83 ± 0.15, 0.09 ± 0.07, 7.55 ± 0.18, respectively) showed a significant increase compared to the input water (P<0.05). Also, the comparison between the stations showed that the third station was more polluted than the other stations and the degree of water pollution decreased as the distance from the outlet increased. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the output of the fish farming farm has the highest level of pollution compared to other stations due to the use of low-quality commercial feed, high density, and high rearing activity in the farm and as the distance from the farm increases, the level of water pollution decreases due to the process of self-purification of the river. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - QSAR study of camptothecin derivatives as anticancer drugs using genetic algorithm and multiple linear regression analysis
fatemeh shafiei Shahaboddin Mohebbi Tahereh Momeni Isfahani Mehdi Ahmadi Sabegh -
Open Access Article
10 - The effects of Na & Mg adsorption on the electrical properties of SiCNTs: A DFT study
Mahdi Rezaei Sameti M. Rakhshi -
Open Access Article
11 - Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution by Using Gamma Alumina Nanoparticles
gholamali haghdoost -
Open Access Article
12 - Physicochemical Study of the Interaction of some Water Soluble Porphyrins with Calf Thymus DNA
H. Aghaie M. Keshavarz K. Zare M. Aghaie A.K. Bordbar -
Open Access Article
13 - Spectroscopic study on the interaction of three water-soluble porphyrins with calf thymus DNA
H. Aghaie M. Keshavarz K. Zare A.K. Bordbar F. Gharib -
Open Access Article
14 - NMR and Solvent Effect Study on the Active Site of Oxidized Azurin
K. Shahanipour T. Nejad Salari F. Mollaamin M. Monajjemi -
Open Access Article
15 - Ab initio study , Investigation of NMR ShieldingTensors and Vibrational frequency of 5-S-cysteinyldopamine
D.M Boghaei A. Bagheri -
Open Access Article
16 - Complexation of Bis(acetylacetonate)oxovanadium(IV) with D–penicillamine at neutral medium
R. Hakimelahi M.A. Seyed Sadjadi H. Aghaie M. Aghaie -
Open Access Article
17 - Determination of water quality parameters and nutrient level with an Adaptive Neuro- Fuzzy Inference System
Maryam Hosseini Jalal Javadi moghaddam -
Open Access Article
18 - A Theoretical Investigation of Kinetics and Mechanism of Aza-Cope Rearrangement
M. R Zardoost S. A. Radati H. Davoudi M. R. Gholami H. Aghaei -
Open Access Article
19 - Effects of solvents polarity parameters on heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of cyclohexene in molecular solvents
Mohammad Khodadadi-Moghaddam Faramarz Sadeghzadeh Darabi -
Open Access Article
20 - Quantum Chemistry Study & Evaluation of Basis Set Effects on Prediction of Amino Acids Properties:
M. Monajjemi M. Karimkhan M. R. Gholami A. Ziglari K. Zare S. Afsharnezhad -
Open Access Article
21 - Drug Delivery study of Tamoxifea with Single Walled Carbon Nanotobes
K. Shahanipour A.H. Esmailian F. Mollaamin B. Khalili Hadad -
Open Access Article
22 - Adsorption Study of the Lysozyme from aqueous solution onto Hydroxyapatite Nanopowders
O. Moradi K. Zare -
Open Access Article
23 - Complexation of L-arginine and L-lysine by p-sulphonatocalix (61 arene in aqueous solution at different temperatures
M. Faraji K. Zare A. Farajtabar F. Gharib -
Open Access Article
24 - DFT Study and Comparison between B6C4Si and C16 Clusters as a Vitamin C Carrier
T. Ardalan M. Monajjemi H. Aghaie P. Ardalan -
Open Access Article
25 - Theoretical study of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxine removal by boron nitride-nanotube (BNNT): QSAR, IR-DFT
L. Mahdavian -
Open Access Article
26 - Theoretical thermodynamic study on the interaction between Fe2+ ion and Pyrazole
Farideh Keshavarz Rezaei -
Open Access Article
27 - Thermodynamic Parameters of Cis-Platin and Trans-Platin Complexes with Guanine in Water, A DFT Study
F. R. Nikmaram M. Khan Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
28 - Climatic parameters rules on barberry phonology stages in Gonabad
غلامعباس فلاح قالهری hasan rezaeiclimate is one of the most important parameters in agricultural products and it limits the amount of products . it is obvious that agriculture is in a great relation with surrounding environment and it is affected by the climate ,so climatic parameters in a long period Moreclimate is one of the most important parameters in agricultural products and it limits the amount of products . it is obvious that agriculture is in a great relation with surrounding environment and it is affected by the climate ,so climatic parameters in a long period can determine plantation algorithm and dispersion explanation of different kinds of plants . the main aim of this research is assessment of the procedure of changing in agriclimatic parameters which effects on barberry growth in Gonabad city. for this purpose we use daily information such as minimum and maximum temperature, raining, average temperature, proportional moisture, soil temperature, sunny hours, and average temperature , proportional moisture and soil temperature in the finishing day of phonology stages in Gonabad synoptic station of khorasan razavi province , and by using them climatic parameters volume in different probable levels are calculated . in next step Man Kendal test used to explore climatic elements procedure in different phonology levels of barberry product . results indicates that , between all climatic parameters which effect on barberry plantation The average temperature, soil temperature and sunshine hours speed have decreased in 5 percent level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The Inspection of natural parameters position in eployment Of Rural Residency inKermanshah Province in accordance With Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) through GIS
Zahra Gholamirad Rad Majid Vali Shariat PanahiNatural parameters play an extremely crucial role in the inhabitation process and ruraldissemination that’s to say some of these parameters posses even move impact upon themthan other ones .the present survey endeavors to estimate and scrutinize the deployment of2 MoreNatural parameters play an extremely crucial role in the inhabitation process and ruraldissemination that’s to say some of these parameters posses even move impact upon themthan other ones .the present survey endeavors to estimate and scrutinize the deployment of2793 rural areas associated and correlated to natural parameters in Kermanshahprovince.Furthermore the survey, within its chapters has situated other factor or factorswhose roles are considered even more effective compared to other ones.Rural zonesbroadening map,also,is to be accessed through three individual categories,appropriate,modestly proper,and inappropriate.To approach and fullfill this purpose, 8 natural parameters suchas major rivers,fault,climatic elements,like precipitation,evaporation ,temprature,altitude andslope were adopted to be effectively major reasons in order for a location to be inhabited.Over this procedure,parameter maps on the basis of numerical variant wereprovided through ARC GIS10 software. Afterwards,A.H.P, was employed to measure eachindex weight for the blend of layers and target map supplies, the survey has benefitedoverlay method . most of the villages,according to what was mentioned above,havebeen resided in appropriate type, and only 2.90 percent of rural areas are located innaturally inappropriate conditions .as the issues above are noticed, its not improper toclaim there is a closely direct connection between natural parameters and locationselection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Application of Data Envelopment Analysis Method to Study the Dust Phenomenon in Lorestan Province
Saeed Papi Noushin Birjandi Zahra Cheraghali Ebrahim Moradifard -
Open Access Article
31 - Data envelopment analysis model and benchmarking in a hierarchical structure with dependent parameters
Sajjad Kheyri Seyed Esmaeil Najafi Bijan Rahmani Parchikolaei -
Open Access Article
32 - Evaluation of E. coli On Testes Tissue study in Rat
Fallah, M., Khaki, A., Jafari, B. .There is more kind of reproductive infectious diseases. Viruses and bacterial agents can cause to presents this disease that occurs by sexual contact. Syphilis and Gonorrhea are the most common old known diseases that affects urogenital tract system, in nowadays HIV and MoreThere is more kind of reproductive infectious diseases. Viruses and bacterial agents can cause to presents this disease that occurs by sexual contact. Syphilis and Gonorrhea are the most common old known diseases that affects urogenital tract system, in nowadays HIV and transmitted Antigens by sexual contacts are the others reasons of urinary infectious diseases. The aim of current study was to investigate the effects of E. coli on testis tissue, seminiferous tubules and semen parameters. Materials and methods: sixteen mature male Wistar rats with 200-220 grams’ weight and 2.5- 3 months’ ages, distributed to two of 8 rat’s groups and for 60 days of study period the lightning program was 12 hours’ light and 12 hours’ dark. Entro-toxigenic E coli (0114 serotype[n1] [PB2] ) was gained from Tehran Bouali reference laboratory for infect rats. After infection, samples were taken from testis tissue and Hematoxylin-eosin was used for histopathology. The motility, viability and semen count was evaluated. Results: Histopathology studies indicated that in control group all seminiferous tubules were adhere together and all sexual germinal cells was seen. In E. coli infected group, seminiferous tubules were inconsecutive and germinal cells was not seen. Semen parameters evaluation showed that total count of sperm, viability and motility was decreased significantly in E. coli infected group in comparison to control group. The results indicated that the E. coli has undesirable effects on fertility rate and testis tissue and could decrease fertility rate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Evaluation of some of the liver biochemical parameters in the diagnosis of dairy cows with cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis
Ahmadi, M., Safi, S., Mortazavi, P., Rokni, N. .Cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis may lead to liver failure in ruminants and biopsy is the most reliable test for diagnosis although it is an invasive and costly procedure. The objective of this study was: 1) to evaluate the liver biochemical parameters in cows with ch MoreCholangitis and cholangiohepatitis may lead to liver failure in ruminants and biopsy is the most reliable test for diagnosis although it is an invasive and costly procedure. The objective of this study was: 1) to evaluate the liver biochemical parameters in cows with cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis, 2) to compare their sensitivities and specificities with biopsy and 3) to estimate their odds ratios using Bayesian logistic regression. A total of 90 serum and liver samples were collected from two slaughterhouses around Tehran and after pathological examination of the liver sections, a total of 14 samples were diagnosed as cholangitis (n=7), cholangiohepatitis (n=7) and 19 cases were considered as healthy and the remained ones had other pathological injuries. The activities of liver enzymes including AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, PON1, PKC as well as NEFA and BHBA concentrations in the serum samples were measured. Bayesian logistic regression was used to analyze the changes of the studied variables in cows with cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis compared to the healthy cows based on the best model. In the present study, PON1 activity had no change in the cholangitis group but showed an insignificant increase (P>0.05) in cows with cholangiohepatitis compared to the control group. PKC serum activity decreased in both cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis groups, insignificantly (P>0.05). NEFA showed an insignificant increase in cholangitis (P>0.05) and BHB had a significant decrease in cholangiohepatitis group (P<0.05). According to logistic regression model, ALT, ALP, GGT, NEFA, BHBA and PON1 are the variables which can be used for prediction of cholangiohepatitis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Protective effects of Black cumin (Nigella sativa Linn.) extract against cisplatin hepatotoxicity in rats
Farjadifar, Y., Mohajeri, D., Kaffashi Elahi, R. .Cisplatin as an important anti-cancer drug is a potent hepatotoxicant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Black cumin (Nigella sativa Linn.) against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in the rats. 40 male Wistar rats MoreCisplatin as an important anti-cancer drug is a potent hepatotoxicant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Black cumin (Nigella sativa Linn.) against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in the rats. 40 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups. Group 1 was used as control; groups 2 and 4 were orally treated with ethanolic extract of Black cumin (250 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days. Groups 3 and 4 received a single intraperitoneal dose of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg) on the 10th day of the experiment. At the end of experiment, serumic levels of aspartate and alanine transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase and total bilirubin, albumin and total proteins were assessed. Malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were assayed in liver homogenates. For histopathological evaluation, tissue samples were obtained from the livers and histologic sections were prepared by routine H&E staining method. Finally, the biochemical findings were matched with histopathological verification. In group 4, ethanolic extract of Black cumin significantly decreased the elevated levels of serum biomarkers of hepatic injury and total bilirubin, and significantly increased the reduced levels of serum albumin and total proteins. In this group, ethanolic extract of Black cumin significantly decreased the lipid peroxidation and elevated the decreased values of hepatic antioxidants. Histopathologically, the changes were in agreement with biochemical findings. Treatment with Black cumin extract considerably inhibited the pathological changes in the rat liver tissue and only visible damage was slight cytoplasmic vacuolation of hepatocytes especially around the central vein. The results of this study showed that, ethanolic extract of Black cumin, because of its anti-oxidant potential, exerts a protective effect against cisplatin induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Effect of barberry juice in different amounts on production traits, blood parameters, length of villi, and depth of intestinal folds of broiler poultry
رودابه Sarshar جمشید , Ghiyasi-ghalehkandi120 one-day-old broiler chickens of the Ras 308 commercial strain were randomly placed in 4 treatments including control, 1, 2 and 4 liters of barberry juice in 1000 liters of water. The length of the test period was 42 days, which included the initial period (from the More120 one-day-old broiler chickens of the Ras 308 commercial strain were randomly placed in 4 treatments including control, 1, 2 and 4 liters of barberry juice in 1000 liters of water. The length of the test period was 42 days, which included the initial period (from the 7th day to the end of the 21st day) and the growth period (from the 22nd day to the end of the 42nd day). According to the results, treatment 1 was associated with a decrease in fertilizer consumption, and treatments 2 and 3 were associated with an increase in fertilizer consumption compared to the control group, and this difference was significant only between treatments 1 and 3 (P<0.05). The best breeding performance with the lowest conversion rate was also obtained in treatment 1. Improvements in various parameters were observed in blood parameters, but the only significant factor was albumin values in treatment 3, which showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P<0.05). In examining the length of the villi, all the treatments had a significant increase in the first 10%, and the highest increase was related to treatment 1 (P<0.05). Also, treatment 1 showed the highest significant value (P<0.05) in the depth of the leaves. It can be concluded that the use of 1 liter of barberry juice per 1000 liters of water in the poultry diet can have positive effects on weight gain and improve the performance of broiler chickens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Investigating effective parameters of surface flow and water resources spatial zoning in central Zagross, Iran
Nasser Shamskia Hossein Sedghi Mehrdad EsfandyariVarious parameters, such as rainfall, region height, evaporation rate, temperature, climate factors, drainage, topography and geology of the basin effect runoff in watersheds. Due to the interrelation of some of the mentioned parameters, their quality and effect on runo MoreVarious parameters, such as rainfall, region height, evaporation rate, temperature, climate factors, drainage, topography and geology of the basin effect runoff in watersheds. Due to the interrelation of some of the mentioned parameters, their quality and effect on runoff may be different for each region. This paper presents a statistic assessment of the parameters that are effective on runoff and spatial zoning of surface water resources in central Zagross, west of Iran. The results showed a relationship between logarithmic distribution of surface runoff, and temperature and height variables with a 0.795 - 0.851 R2 coefficient of determination, applying statistical analysis and multi-variable regression method for the parameters. Considering 80 selected stations of the studying area with a correlation of 0.923, the runoff distribution in the form of discharge logarithm related to rain logarithm and height variable with confidence level of 95% showed meaningful and acceptable relation .The zoning plan was prepared through ArcGIS software on the basis of weighting effect index of each variable. The analysis of factors which affect runoff formation, and also analysis of the effect of the mentioned variables on preparing zoning plan showed tremendous movement of potentially appropriate water resources regions from south towards north and east of the studying area. Furthermore, there was approximate correspondence between hydrological parameters and determination of suitable water resources location, and statistic multi-variable regression analysis, logistic and weighting index determination of variables methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Hydraulic properties under different water repellency levels
Nasrin Karimian Shoja Ghorbani Hassan TabatabaeiWater repellency increases soil infiltration opportunity time. Also soil hydraulic properties affects by soil water repellency. The main objective of this study was to compare the hydraulic properties of soils under different water repellency levels. Therefore, Three le MoreWater repellency increases soil infiltration opportunity time. Also soil hydraulic properties affects by soil water repellency. The main objective of this study was to compare the hydraulic properties of soils under different water repellency levels. Therefore, Three levels of water repellency (zero, weak and strong) were artificially created in a silty clay loam soil by adding urban sewage sludge (S0=0:100; S50=50:50 and S80=80:20 sludge weight: soil ratio). Soil water retention curve and water repellency were determined using sand box and pressure plate apparatus and water drop penetration time (WDPT) method, respectively. Van Genuchtens parameters (n, α, m, θs, θr) were determined using RETC software. The results showed that an addition of urban sewage sludge to soils led to an increased WDPT (61 and 25 times) in the water repellency Soils (S80 and S50) .water content corresponds to matric potentials has changed with increasing soil water repellency, also soil water retention curve has changed to biomodal curve in the repellent soils. It shows that the Van Genuchtens parameters affected by water repellency. Also, adding of urban sewage sludge on the soil hydraulic conductivity was significant (P ≤0.0001) and resulted in a decreased 33.80-46.20% in in soil hydrophobicity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Potential assessment of suitable lands for walnut cultivation in Tehran province using fuzzy AHP method
Masoud Soleimani Saeid Hamzeh Ramin PapiAs a highly productive product, walnut plays an important role in the social and economic condition of farmers in various regions across Iran, and there has been a dramatic increase in the area under cultivation of this product in recent years due to its economic return MoreAs a highly productive product, walnut plays an important role in the social and economic condition of farmers in various regions across Iran, and there has been a dramatic increase in the area under cultivation of this product in recent years due to its economic return. Walnut trees are highly sensitive to the climate conditions. Therefore, before Cultivation of this product, which requires a relatively high initial investment, it is necessary to take certain measures to identify and assess suitable lands for planting walnut trees. Therefore, this study aims to identify and assess suitable lands for planting walnut in the entire of Tehran province that would result in a desirable production efficiency. For this purpose, this study uses climatic parameters (including temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and wind speed) from 12 synoptic stations within Tehran Province and 8 stations from adjacent provinces for an 11-year statistical period (from 2004 to 2014), topography, and land use for site selection and zoning of suitable regions for cultivation of Persian walnut. First, raster data layers were generated using all the parameters under study. Then, through a review of literature and expert views on physiological properties and growth requirements of walnut, the desirable and undesirable thresholds for its cultivation were determined. Next, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to calculate the effectiveness and priority of each parameter. Furthermore, a fuzzy membership function was used to normalize the data layers. Finally, the final zoning map was prepared and extracted using fuzzy overlay tools in ArcGIS. According to this map, an area of 243882.9562 hectares, equal to 17.82% of the entire area of Tehran Province proved very suitable for cultivation of Persian walnut. Moreover, the findings indicate that the three parameters of temperature, relative humidity, and aspect have a special significance and effect on the growth of walnut trees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Hydraulic analysis of sprinkler irrigation network using WaterGEMS software
Younes Shokrian-Fard Shahram Shahmohammadi KalalaghIn this research, sprinkler irrigation network of Sysan area located in Bostanabad city in Azarbayjan Province was analyzed using WaterGEMS software. This irrigation network based on the position of the main, sub-main and lateral pipes divided into three A, B, and C zon MoreIn this research, sprinkler irrigation network of Sysan area located in Bostanabad city in Azarbayjan Province was analyzed using WaterGEMS software. This irrigation network based on the position of the main, sub-main and lateral pipes divided into three A, B, and C zones and with regard to irrigation interval, the number of sets and sprinklers, 9 scenarios were defined. Hydraulic parameters (pressure and velocity) were analyzed in the nodes and the pipes before and after optimization with WaterGEMS, respectively. The hydraulic analysis indicated; based on the required pressure of the sprinkler operation (40 m-H2O) and the maximum supply pressure of the selective pump (70 m-H2O), there was no problem or limitation in supplying the network pressure. In the other words, the pressure aligned with standards. While according to permissible velocity in the sprinkler irrigation pipes, the critical velocities were observed in 4 scenarios in zone B and in 5 scenarios in zone C. By applying the necessary changes in the diameter of the pipes and provided that the pressure variations aligns with standards (less than 20%), the velocities were optimized and aligned with standards. Given that the hydraulic parameters were optimized by decreasing pipe diameter, the optimally designed system with WaterGEMS software led to a decrease of 7.3% in costs compared to the designed and implemented system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Investigating the Effect of Meteorological Parameters on Heavy Rainfall Events in Different Climates of Iran using Quantile Regression
Sedigheh Bararkhanpour Ahmadi Mohammad Ali Gholami Sefidkouhi Mojtaba KhoshraveshBackground and Aim: Climate changes caused by the progress and industrialization of human societies have caused changes in the intensity and frequency of heavy precipitation and floods, which have caused irreparable damages. In order to reduce these damages, it is neces MoreBackground and Aim: Climate changes caused by the progress and industrialization of human societies have caused changes in the intensity and frequency of heavy precipitation and floods, which have caused irreparable damages. In order to reduce these damages, it is necessary to identify the changes in the threshold values of precipitation and factors affecting it each region. Quantile regression methods are able to examine the trends not only in the median, but also in different ranges of the data series. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the seasonal trend of different amounts of precipitation and also to investigate the relationship between the climatic parameters of minimum temperature, maximum temperature, minimum relative humidity, maximum relative humidity and wind speed on different amounts of precipitation in different climates of Iran. Method: In the first step, the daily time series of climate data including precipitation, minimum and maximum temperature, minimum and maximum relative humidity and wind speed for a period of 45 years in different seasons for 5 synoptic stations of Babolsar, Shiraz, Bandar Abbas, Khorram Abad and Torbat Heydarieh were formed. In the selection of study stations, we tried to select stations with different climates and with appropriate statistical period. Then, to investigate the trend of seasonal changes of different amounts of precipitation in different quantiles (quantiles 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.9, 0.95 and 0.99) was analyzed using the quantile regression method in all study stations. In the next step, the relationship between the climatic parameters on different amounts of precipitation (low to very high amounts of precipitation) in different seasons was investigated for each of the stations using the quantile regression method. Then the results were analyzed. Results: The results of examining the changes trend of daily precipitation are showed that the high amounts of precipitation in the spring season in Bandar Abbas, Shiraz, and Torbat Heydarieh stations were reduced significantly, but very high amounts of precipitation (0.95 and 0.99 troughs) in the station Babolsar and Khorramabad have increased. Also, very high daily precipitation amounts in summer have decreased in Bandar Abbas station but increased in Torbat Heydarieh and Khorram Abad stations, significantly. While in the winter season, different amounts of precipitation in all seasons have a decreasing trend and there was only a significant positive slope in very high amounts of precipitation (slope of 0.99) in Babolsar station. In the investigation of the parameters affecting the extreme precipitation, the results showed that the amount of impact on the occurrence of heavy rainfall was relatively higher than low to median rainfall. The parameters of minimum temperature, minimum humidity, maximum humidity and wind speed have a positive effect and the maximum temperature parameter has a negative effect on heavy rainfall in different seasons and stations. The highest positive effect coefficients were in spring for wind speed in Babolsar (1.8), in summer for wind speed in Babolsar (3.8), minimum and maximum temperature in Bandar Abbas (-4.03 and 1.53), in Autumn season for maximum humidity and wind speed in Babolsar (2.57 and 2.99) and wind speed in Khorram Abad (1.54) and in winter, for wind speed in Babolsar and Bandar Abbas (1.94 and 6. 2), and minimum temperature in Torbat Heydarieh (0.96). Also, the highest negative effect coefficients of maximum temperature were in autumn and winter seasons (-0.88 and -0.72) in Babolsar and autumn season (-0.63) in Shiraz. Conclusion: The significant changes in increasing and decreasing precipitation are mostly related to the amounts of heavy precipitation, which are different in different seasons and climates. Also, the precipitation of the stations near the north and south coasts have been influenced by climatic parameters to a greater extent. In general, it can be said that flood precipitations are influenced by climatic parameters such as wind speed, humidity and temperature in order of importance and this effect is different depending on the location and time and the influence of different factors. Therefore, it is necessary to apply accurate planning for the correct use of received rainfall and optimal management in the target area using the results of such studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Determination of effective parameters on climate production functions for rainfed barley and sensitive analysis at cold and semi-cold regions of Lorestan province
Alireza Tavakoli Abdolmajid Liaghat Amin AlizadehIdentifying of effective parameters and planning for their management and coordinating agronomic operation with trend changes of effective parameters leads to improving production baseline and prediction for future. Plant growth and crop production under rainfed is a fu MoreIdentifying of effective parameters and planning for their management and coordinating agronomic operation with trend changes of effective parameters leads to improving production baseline and prediction for future. Plant growth and crop production under rainfed is a function of changes in climatic factors. In order to determination of climate-yield production functions, analyzed eight crop seasons data (1998-2006) of 25 climate parameters and rainfed barley grain yields of four cold and semi-cold regions of Lorestan province. These regions were including Aleshtar, Khoram-Abad, Aligodarz and Boroujerd. By path analysis method, correlation coefficient separated to direct and indirect effects. Results showed that in local and common models of production functions, the role of crop season vapor pressure deficit is very important. The local models necessary small input data but common model need more input data. Rain water productivity of all regions determined for eight crop seasons, and amounts of maximum, minimum and average of rain water productivity were 0.3, 0.15 and 0.224 kg per cubic precipitation, which its average was 6 percent lower than national average (0.239 kg.m-3). The maximum temperature, sunshine, absolute maximum temperature and crop season vapor pressure deficit parameters were the most sensitive parameters on grain yield prediction. We conducted the climate-yield models are useful tools to predict rainfed barley yield and so to assist managers and farmers for making decisions in rainfed agronomic activity under climate parameters changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Development and Evaluation of Color Parameteres of Curcumin Nanocomplex
SH. Shaykhzadeh M. Alizadeh M. Rezazad H. HamishehkarIntroduction: Color is the fundamental qualitative characteristic of food products. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol found in the rizome of the turmeric. Curcumin, possesses multiple biological activities. However, its application is limited due to its poor water solubi MoreIntroduction: Color is the fundamental qualitative characteristic of food products. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol found in the rizome of the turmeric. Curcumin, possesses multiple biological activities. However, its application is limited due to its poor water solubility and instability under adverse conditions. Encapsulation is a way to overcome these challenges. The aim of this study was to develop curcumin-loaded nanocapsules and evaluate the particle size and color parameters of the prepared product. Materials and Methods: Initially, the organic phase (curcumin in ethanol) was introduced to aqueous phase (sodium caseinate, gum arabic and Tween 20). By reduction of the pH from 7 to 4.8, 5 and 5.2 nanoparticles were formed. Measurement of the particle size was carried outbyusing particle size analyzer. Color indices were determined using a Hunter lab. Box-Behnken design was used to explore the effects of 4 independent variables consisting of sodium caseinate (0.1-0.3 %w/w), gum arabic (0.5-1% w/w), Tween 20 (0.1, 0.2 %w/w) and pH (4.8, 5, 5.2) on the responses. Results: Theresults of the analysis showed that the effects of linear, quadratic and interaction of parameters on responses were significant. By increasing the biopolymers concentration, the particles size was increased from 120 nm to 984 nm. By increasing the concentration of sodium caseinate the brightness of samples was reduced.Samples containing Tween 20 had brightness and higher L*. In general, by reducing the particle size the color intensity of the samples was increased. Conclusion: The best sample regarding the smallest particle size and curcumin color index was obtained at the concentration of 0.2 % sodium caseinate, 0.75 % gum arabic, 0.1 %Tween 20 and pH of 5. These nanodispersions might be useful as a hydrophobic nutrient delivery system as well as color factor for utilisation in functional food and beverage products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Physicochemical Properties of Iranian Rice Bran Protein Concentrate
Ali Akbar Keshavarz Hedayati Mehran Alami Ali Motamedzadegan Yahya Maghsoodlou Mohammad Ghorbani ُSoheil AmiriIntroduction: Rice bran is a by-product of rice milling industry, that contains considerable quantities of protein, fat, carbohydrate and minerals. According to the chemical composition, rice bran might show suitable physicochemical properties that might have industrial MoreIntroduction: Rice bran is a by-product of rice milling industry, that contains considerable quantities of protein, fat, carbohydrate and minerals. According to the chemical composition, rice bran might show suitable physicochemical properties that might have industrial applications.Materials and Methods: In this research protein concentrates were prepared from defatted bran obtained from two varieties of rice (Neda and Tarom) and their chemical composition and physicochemical properties namely protein yield and protein extraction yield, water adsorption index and water solubility index, nitrogen solubility index, bulk density and color parameters were evaluated.Results: Protein yield was in the range of 8.52-8.74(%). Rice bran protein concentrate of Tarom had higher bulk density (0.24 g/g) and protein concentrates had significant differences in some color parameters.Conclusion: It was concluded that rice bran has the potential to be used as an ingredient in functional food formulations to enhance the nutritional values and functional properties of the product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Studying the Effects of Aqueous Safflower Extract as a Natural Colorant on Qualitative Parameters of Potato Chips During Storage
M.J. Jani S. Rahimi S. Koohi KamaliIntroduction: Color is one of the main parameters for food evaluation and marketing which can be improved by the application of natural colorants with known health effects. Materials and Methods: In this research, the addition of safflower aqueous extract as a natural c MoreIntroduction: Color is one of the main parameters for food evaluation and marketing which can be improved by the application of natural colorants with known health effects. Materials and Methods: In this research, the addition of safflower aqueous extract as a natural colorant was studied to improve the qualitative parameters of potato chips. For this purpose, safflower aqueous extract was prepared at 0.5, 1 and 2% concentrations and were added to potato chips by immersion and spraying. Color, texture and sensory analysis were carried out at different time intervals of 0, 30 and 60 days of storage at ambient temperature. Results: The results showed that a* and b* increased and L* decreased as the safflower extract concentration increased while all color indices decreased during storage, significantly (p<0.05). According to the results of texture analysis, there was no significant difference between the hardness (brittleness) of control and immersion type specimens (p>0.05) during storage, while spraying method caused higher hardness as well as less brittleness in all the samples. Totally, the potato chips prepared by immersion gained the highest sensory scores (color, odor, taste, texture and overall acceptance). Conclusion: Potato chips prepared by immersion containing 2% of safflower extract was chosen as the best sample due to the highest b* (45.22±0.77), least hardness (highest brittleness) (4.63±0.37 N) and the most overall acceptance score (4.50±0.51) after 60 days and immersion method was more effective than the spraying for improving the color of potato chips. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Color Changes Kinetics and Heat Transfer during Deep Fat Frying of Garlic Slice
F. Salehi S. H. Hosseini Ghaboos -
Open Access Article
46 - Textural Properties Changes During Facile Drying of Sour Cherry Using Ultrasound Waves: Investigation of Sonication Parameters Using Response Surface Methodology
P. Adavi S. Askari Gh. Asadi -
Open Access Article
47 - Evaluation of Acrylamide Contents of Potato Crisps Sold in Iranian Markets
R. Saeidi Asl M. Iraji Far M. Fahimdanesh -
Open Access Article
48 - Assessment of effluent pollution from trout farms: (A case study of Sardab spring of Ardal, Iran)
Sahar Aminian Rasool Zamani-Ahmadmahmoodi Nikokhah NikokhahBackground and Objective: One of the sources of pollution in rivers is effluent discharge from fish farms, which decreases water quality for downstream usage. This study investigated the effects of trout farms’ effluent on the levels of physicochemical parameters in Sar MoreBackground and Objective: One of the sources of pollution in rivers is effluent discharge from fish farms, which decreases water quality for downstream usage. This study investigated the effects of trout farms’ effluent on the levels of physicochemical parameters in Sardab spring. Material and Methodology: To assess contamination from the effluent, five trout farms along the margin of the river were selected. In summer and autumn 2016, this study analyzed the levels of physicochemical parameters of trout farm effluent, such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate and turbidity. Findings: According to the obtained results, no significant differences were detected between pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, phosphate, and turbidity in the two seasons (t-test, p>0.05), but a significant difference between levels of nitrate was found in these time periods (t-test, p<0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: The overall level of physicochemical parameters in that summer was higher compared to autumn. The increase in the levels of the investigated parameters in warm weather is probably due to increased temperature and decreased discharge. Rapid population growth in the area of Ardal and the demand for protein foods makes monitoring of the levels of physicochemical parameters of fish farms necessary. In addition to the mentioned factors, increasing the metabolic activities and density of fish in this season can increase the amount of physical and chemical parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Phytoplankton, Diatoma ,Cyanobacteria, Ecosystem, The River Gilan Bijar
Kheizaran Ebrahimi Sabet Masomeh Jamal Omidi Jannat SarmadBackground and objective: Phytoplankton in the structure and function of freshwater ecosystems play an important role. Quality and quantity of phytoplankton depend on in part on water the load nutritious. Therefore, the use of phytoplankton in different ecosystems, wate MoreBackground and objective: Phytoplankton in the structure and function of freshwater ecosystems play an important role. Quality and quantity of phytoplankton depend on in part on water the load nutritious. Therefore, the use of phytoplankton in different ecosystems, water is used to measure water quality or water pollution. Method: The river of Bijar city in Gilan area, which is one of the most important rivers in the country, in addition to the main source of drinking water supply in the region, is important for various uses in agriculture. 48 samples were taken for a wet year from July 2015 to June 2016 in 4 designated stations along the main tributary of Bijar city and the effect of physicochemical factors on the composition and frequency of phytoplankton in different seasons were studied and analyzed. Finding: The results of the study of biological River Bijar, indicates the presence of 5 branches and 57 Genus in the region. The frequency of Bascillariophyta branches on other branches were dominant in all seasons. Discussion and Conclusion: Using Spss software and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, it was found that the collected data for all parameters have a normal distribution and the number of phytoplankton has a significant correlation with temperature, pH and nitrogen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Evaluation of Effective Parameters in Organic Matters Removal Efficiency of Anaerobic Baffled Reactor Employing Electrolysis Process
Gagik Badalians Gholikandi Behnam Inanloo Beklar Maryam AmouamouhaBackground and Objective: Following the results of the electrolysis process application to upgrade the anaerobic baffled reactor for treating wastewater, the present study was conducted to evaluate the EABR performance efficiency, considering hydraulic retention time (H MoreBackground and Objective: Following the results of the electrolysis process application to upgrade the anaerobic baffled reactor for treating wastewater, the present study was conducted to evaluate the EABR performance efficiency, considering hydraulic retention time (HRT), current density and organic loading. Methods: In this study, a semi-industrial pilot of ABR with total volume of 72 L was studied before and after integration with an electrolysis system. The performance of the reactor was evaluated in terms of COD removal and bacterial adaption time. Findings: The findings revealed that a HRT reduction from 45 to 38 and 29 hours results in a decrease of COD removal efficiency from 77.6 to 74.9 and 72.2 % respectively. Also, a current density reduction from 3 to 2, 1, and 0.5 Mill ampere/cm2 results in a decreasing COD removal efficiency from 77.6 to 73.5, 71.2, and 70 % respectively. Moreover, an increasing organic loading from 700 to 2400 mg/L enhanced the COD removal efficiency from 77.6 to 90.2 %. Result and Discussion: The results showed that by increasing organic loading from 700 to 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2400 mg/L the necessary HRT for achieving operation stability increases from 3 to 8 days, which is less than in conventional ABR. Therefore, employing electrolysis process is a sustainable method for improving ABR performance efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Increasing Water Quality Modeling Efficiency by Separating the Year into Hot and Cold Months (Case of Study: Watershed of Sanandaj Gheshlagh Dam)
Seyed Pedram Nainiva Kamran ChapiBackground and Objective: Nowadays, water is considered as one of the factors for improvement and economic growth of societies. The hot and cold seasons of the year and its comparison with the non-segregation of the hot and cold seasons are 26 years. Method: In this stu MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, water is considered as one of the factors for improvement and economic growth of societies. The hot and cold seasons of the year and its comparison with the non-segregation of the hot and cold seasons are 26 years. Method: In this study, after studying the accuracy of discharge data, electrical conductivity, soluble matter, chlorine, calcium, sodium, magnesium, acidity and sodium uptake ratio of the two stations, it was tried to find appropriate regression relationships between discharge parameter and qualitative parameters. Provide water. Findings: The results showed that the Chehelgazi sub-watershed in cold months, the liner relationship between discharge with electrical conductivity, dissolved solids, chloride and sodium and also the exponential relationship was suitable between discharging with calcium. In warm months for this sub-watershed, the linear relationship presented the suitable relationship between discharge with dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, magnesium, calcium, sodium and the sodium adsorption. Also, the linear relationship was suitable between discharge with dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, chloride and sodium whereas the exponential relationship was better between the discharging with calcium in Khalifehtarkhan sub-watershed. In this sub-watershed, for warm months, the linear relationship was suitable for the relationship between discharge with dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, chloride, sodium and sodium adsorption. The separation comparison of cold and warm months with non-separation showed that non-separation of cold and warm months is not possible the chloride and magnesium estimation (in Chehelgazi sub-watershed) and calcium estimation (in Khalifetarkhan sub-watershed). Discussion and Conclusion: using obtained relationships and seasonal changes of surface waters quality, with discharge rate can create modeling water quality, extraction and recovery of water quality data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Zoning and locating solar power station using AHP and GIS in Yazd province
zohreh momenzadeh saeideh kalantari Mahdi Tazeh roholah taghizadehBackground and Objective: The completion of fossil fuels has led humans to go to the renewable and accessible energy and thus can reduce environmental problems caused by fossil fuels. Solar energy can also be considered as one of the options for solving the problem of e MoreBackground and Objective: The completion of fossil fuels has led humans to go to the renewable and accessible energy and thus can reduce environmental problems caused by fossil fuels. Solar energy can also be considered as one of the options for solving the problem of electricity supply to distant areas.Method: In this research, climatic sub-criteria including relative humidity, annual precipitation, sunny hours, daytime and dust were collected from Rabat-e-posht-e-Badam, Meybod, Yazd, Mehriz, Abarkuh, Bafgh, Herat and Marvast stations. The ARC GIS software use for layer digitization and AHP method use in order to weigh the sub-criteria and apply all the weights in each layers, also, the prone areas to deploying a Findings: the result showed that annual sunny hours are the most important parameter of energy received from the sun, the best places for utilizing solar energy are Rabat –e-Posht-e-badam, Mehriz, Meybod and Marvost in the first priority and then Yazd in the second priority, Abarkouh and Herat were identified as the third priority.Discussion and conclusion: After providing a map of susceptible sites, it was determined that 13.63 percent of the area of the province was in the most desirable range. 23.06 percent in the optimal range, 36.78 percent in the medium range, 26.53 percent in the unfavorable area for the establishment of the solar power plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Performance of Revised Gash Model for Estimating Rainfall Interception in a Robinia pseudoacacia plantation during the leafed and leafless periods
Sina Ziaye Shendershami Ameneh Mianabadi Seyed Mohammad Moein SadeghiBackground and Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the revised Gash model in estimating interception by a Robinia pseudoacacia (L.) stand during the leafed and leafless periods in Chitgar Forest Park. Material and Methodology: A circular plot with an ar MoreBackground and Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the revised Gash model in estimating interception by a Robinia pseudoacacia (L.) stand during the leafed and leafless periods in Chitgar Forest Park. Material and Methodology: A circular plot with an area of 0.5 ha in Chitgar Forest Park was selected and rainfall, throughfall, and stemflow were measured for two years (from 22 December 2013 to 21 December 2015). Then, the amounts of canopy and trunks ecohydrological parameters were calculated, and finally, the efficiency of the revised Gash model for estimating interception was evaluated. Findings: In this study, the mean amount of rainfall interception in the leafed period (12.7%) was significantly higher than the leafless period (9.7%). The determination coefficient (R2) value between the estimated interception values and the measured in the leafless period was higher than in the leafed period. Based on all model evaluation metrics, the performance of the revised Gash model in estimating interception in the leafless period was better than in the leafed period. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the Revised Gash model showed good ability in estimating interception during the leafless period, and a probable reason for the high estimation error of the model in the leafed period is the lack of direct measurement of the canopy percentage parameter. Accurately determining the amount of interception, as a canopy water loss, contributes significantly to the planning and decision-making process of forest managers and water resources managers for selecting the appropriate species for plantations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Estimation of saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil using soil retrieval parameters and regression modeling
Abdolfattah Salarashayeri Ali Saremi Maaroof Siosemarde Hossein Sedghi Hossein BabazadehBackground and Objective: Direct measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil is time consuming and costly and today this parameter can be estimated using soil retrieval parameters. Therefore, this study aimed to use regression modeling to estimate the satura MoreBackground and Objective: Direct measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil is time consuming and costly and today this parameter can be estimated using soil retrieval parameters. Therefore, this study aimed to use regression modeling to estimate the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil based on grain size parameters i.e. d10, d50, and d60. Material and Methodology: First, 25 soil samples with sandy texture were randomly collected in the spring of 2017 from the agricultural lands of Saqez city and the samples were collected in a container and taken to the laboratory for analysis and hydraulic guidance using the Darcy’s law was calculated. Using the available data, univariate and multivariate regression relationships were fitted on the data and based on the model evaluation statistics, the relationship that had the best estimate of saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil was determined. Findings: The results of this study showed that the linear equation with 3 inputs saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil more accurately than the equations with 1 or 2 inputs. The results showed that the parameter d10 had a more effective role for estimating saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil than the parameters d50 and d60 and the effective parameter for comparison of saturated hydraulic conductivity is called d10. Discussion and Conclusion: The main purpose of this study was to provide models that can estimate the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil with cost reduction and time savings with acceptable precision, and in summary, regression modeling can be used to estimate the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - A Neural Network Model for Prediction of Tri-Halo-Methane Concentration in Drinking Water
Mohammad Javad Zoqi Mohammad Ali JafariIn this study a neural network model is proposed for modeling tri-halo-methane concentration indrinking water. After training, the neural network model predicts tri-halo-methane concentration basedon input data. Parameters such as pH, Temperature, free chlorine residue MoreIn this study a neural network model is proposed for modeling tri-halo-methane concentration indrinking water. After training, the neural network model predicts tri-halo-methane concentration basedon input data. Parameters such as pH, Temperature, free chlorine residue and TOC were used as inputdata. To validate the proposed method, a case study was carried out, based on the data obtained fromGuilan grand treatment plant (Sangar). The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was selected as the bestof thirteen back-propagation algorithms. The optimal neuron number for Levenberg-Marquardtalgorithm is 8 neurons. The performance of modeling was determined. The trends of the forecast andmeasured data were in good agreement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Estimation of Aquifer Qualitative Parameters in Guilans Plain Using Gamma Test and Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Network Models
Mohammad Isazadeh seyedmostafa Biazar Afshin Ashrafzadeh Rezvan KhanjaniAbstract Background and Objective: Having information about qualitative and quantitative parameters distribution of groundwater supplies is one of most important parameters in integrated groundwater management. Thus, in this study it has been attempted to determine a pr MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Having information about qualitative and quantitative parameters distribution of groundwater supplies is one of most important parameters in integrated groundwater management. Thus, in this study it has been attempted to determine a proper model and input combination for estimation of quality parameters including electrical conductivity (EC), calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) ions in aquifers of Guilans plain. Method: In this study, the data from 132 observation wells during 2001 to 2013 were used and artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector model (SVM) were applied. In the first approach, estimations were conducted according to five different combinations, including water level, distance from see, total precipitation of six months and coordinates of observation wells. In the second approach, estimations were conducted based on combination of the selected qualitative parameters of gamma test with combinations of the best input in the first part. Findings: Comparison of the results from the first part indicated that SVM model outperformed the ANN mode in the estimation of Ca, Na and EC parameters. Support vector machine error values for estimating Ca, Na and EC variables at the test period were 1.218 (meq/l), 0.867(meq/l), and 175.742 (µmos/cm), while for artificial neural network these values were 1.268 (meq/l), 0.933 (meq/l), and 186/448 (µmos/cm) respectively. The results from this part showed that adding the distance from see input improves the estimation of models in all cases. In the second part, using gamma test for measuring the nine quality parameters, the best combination of quality parameters was determined to estimate the three parameters: Ca, Na and EC. The results from the second part show that both ANN and SVM models have an excellent performance in the estimation of the three qualitative parameters. ANN model error values in estimating Ca, Na and EC variables in validation period were 0.662 (meq/l), 0.305(meq/l), and 47.346 (µmos/cm), while these values were 0.671 (meq/l), 0.356 (meq/l), and 55.412 (µmos/cm) for SVM model respectively. Obviously, the results from ANN model in this section were better than those from SVM model. Discussion and Conclusion:Results showed that both ANN and SVM models have a great ability in predicting qualitative parameters in the aquifers. Also, in less inputs, the results of SVM model are better than those of ANN model and in more inputs it is vice versa. Results of the second section showed that gamma test is fully practical and accurate in determining the effective input combinations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Effect of Meteorological Parameters on Accident Rates in Petrochemical Industries
Nabiollah Mansouri Elham FarsiBackground and Objective): In this research the effectiveness of weather and climate parameters in incidence of accidents in the petrochemical industry was studied and management strategies to prevent these events have been presented. Method: Two of the petrochemical co MoreBackground and Objective): In this research the effectiveness of weather and climate parameters in incidence of accidents in the petrochemical industry was studied and management strategies to prevent these events have been presented. Method: Two of the petrochemical companies, one of them in Assaluyeh (named Zagros, located in warm climates) and the other one in Tabriz (in cold climates) were selected for pilot study. The required data were collected by questionnaire, interview and walking through under study fields. The analyses of data have been done by Excel, SPSS software and Correlation statistical test. Findings: Climate parameters don’t have a directly impact on the petrochemical occupational accidents and there is no significant relationship between them. Discussion and Conclusion: The role of climatic parameters in the incidence of accidents in the petrochemical industry is indirect. In fact, the thermal stress in the first stage caused unsafe conditions and then unsafe behavior, and finally cause human error and occupational accidents. In this study, appropriate solutions for instance engineering or managerial measures are also suggested in order to prevent accidents and injuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Developing Wastewater Quality Index (WWQI) for treated municipal wastewater with the wastewater reuse approach
Maliheh Falah Nezhad Tafti Nasser Mehrdadi Ali Torabian Hossein NayebBackground and Objective: Determining the wastewater quality index of municipal wastewater treatment plant for reuse or disposal purposes has always been an important issue. Therefore, developing a wastewater quality index facilitates the investigation and selection of MoreBackground and Objective: Determining the wastewater quality index of municipal wastewater treatment plant for reuse or disposal purposes has always been an important issue. Therefore, developing a wastewater quality index facilitates the investigation and selection of the best option for wastewater reuse or disposal. Thus, determining the important quality parameters and the level of importance of each parameter in terms of the application of the wastewater are essential. Method: In this study, after determining the important quality parameters by Delphi method, the weight of each factor was calculated using the multi-criteria decision making tools in order to develop the wastewater quality index. Then, the matrix for wastewater quality index was presented by defining the sub-indices for each parameter using the standards for wastewater reuse and disposal and by integration methods. Findings: Results indicated that the quality parameters including BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, Fecal Coliform, pH, NH4 PO4 are the most important parameters. Also, developing the wastewater quality index through different methods for reuse and disposal and application of various weights for each parameter was found to be a more accurate and reliable method. This method allows for fast and simple evaluation of wastewater in each treatment plant and comparison of different municipal wastewater treatment plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Survey of Some Water Quality Parameters in Sistan Drinking Water Sources (Chahnimeh Reservoir Number 1) and Compares Them with Existing Standards
Fatemeh Einollahipeer Narjes Okati Mostaffa GhafariBackground and Objective: The Chahnimeh reservoirs in Sistan currently provide main source of drinking water for Zabul and Zahedan Cities. Therefore the survey of quality factors in this region appears to be essential. The aims of this study are survey of water qu MoreBackground and Objective: The Chahnimeh reservoirs in Sistan currently provide main source of drinking water for Zabul and Zahedan Cities. Therefore the survey of quality factors in this region appears to be essential. The aims of this study are survey of water quality factors (sulfate, nitrate, magnesium, ammonia, alkalinity, calcium, chlorine and hardness) and comparison among sampling stations and available standards. Method: Samples for laboratory studies were collected from 6 stations including 19 points in August 2010 from the surface of Chahnimeh. During sampling the EC and pH were measured. Then each factor was obtained with photometer 8000 Palintest. The statistical analysis was promoted with SPSS software and Excel was used for graphs. Findings: According to the results, Sulfate obtained between 106-124 mg/l, Magnesium concentration based on CaCo3 measured between 416-600 mg/l, Ammonia concentration between 0.02-0.10 mg/l, Nitrate concentration between 0.52-0.93 mg/l, Alkalinity between 125-215 mg/l, Hardness between 182.66-205.33 mg/l Calcium Carbonate, EC between 559.33-604 Calcium, Chloride and Hardness µm/cm and pH between 8.45-8.79 was variable. Based on statistical analysis, any factors was not show significant different among stations. Conclusion: Accordingly, these factors have the same distribution among the stations and they are not affected by point sources. Each factors was compared with available standards for drinking water. These comparison were suggest the factors including sulfate, nitrate, ammonia, alkalinity, calcium, chlorine, hardness, pH and EC have been lower than the standards set for drinking water While, The concentration of magnesium was higher than the levels them. According to the results, Chahnimeh Reservoir has desirable quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Ozone Concentration and Meteorological Parameters Alternations Investigation in Air Quality Control Company to Aqdasieh Station in 7 Months (from Oct. 2007 to Apr. 2008) in Tehran
Mansour Ghiasodin Leila SouratiIn this research measuring ozone concentration in air quality control Company at Aqdasieh station,and meteorological parameters at Resalat station, was compared and investigated. This investigationwas performed for 7 months (from Oct. 2007 to Apr. 2008). The average dai MoreIn this research measuring ozone concentration in air quality control Company at Aqdasieh station,and meteorological parameters at Resalat station, was compared and investigated. This investigationwas performed for 7 months (from Oct. 2007 to Apr. 2008). The average daily Ozone concentrationshowed the least quantity of Ozone in early morning and late night air. Comparing the sunshineradiation with variation of Ozone concentration indicated that these two items have direct relations.Increasing the sunshine radiation concludes the increasing of photochemical activity and consequentlyincreasing the Ozone concentration. Investigating the monthly average Ozone concentration showedthat the least registered amount of Ozone was during these 7 months of measurement in Azar(November) and the most registered amount of Ozone occurred in Farvardin (April). The mostimportant factor of main increasing happened in April and in the solar radiation and photochemicalactivities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Comparing the performance of cement and smectite in heavy metals removal from lead contaminated soils
Amir reza Goodarzi Hamid reza AkbariBackground and Objective: The continuous accumulation of toxic materials such as heavy metals in soil due to interaction with industrial and domestic wastes has contributed to an extensive health hazards. Therefore, the aims of this study are to evaluate the ability of MoreBackground and Objective: The continuous accumulation of toxic materials such as heavy metals in soil due to interaction with industrial and domestic wastes has contributed to an extensive health hazards. Therefore, the aims of this study are to evaluate the ability of cement (as a chemical adsorbent) in remediation of contaminated soil and to compre the obtained results by the physical adsorption method through the addition of active smectite clay mineral. Method: To achieve the mentioned objectives, kaolinite soil in the laboratory conditions was contaminated with solutions containing 0 to 1 M concentration of Pb (NO3)2 in 1:10 ratio. Adding different percentages of cement and smectite to each sample, and after equilibrating, changes in pH and concentrations were determined. Tests of hydraulic conductivity (permeability), unconfined compression strength (UCS), toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and SEM were also performed to evaluate the impact of adsorbent type on reduction of the of pollution transportation potential. Findings: The results indicate that at low concentrations of contaminants (up to 50 cmol/kg.soil), the type of absorbent does not have much influence on the heavy metals removal from contaminated soils. It was found that with the increase of the pollutant concentration and due to the buffering capacity reduction and the restructed clay mineral, the possibility of soil remediation through the physical absorption method is greatly decreased. Unlike the smectite limitation encountering with contaminated soil containing the heavy metals, the cement has a high adsorption capacity to adsorbe heavy metals. In the same content of adsorbent and with the increase of the Pb concentration, the amount of its reduction in the presence of cement is 15 times more than what observed in the presence of smectite. In addition, it can be seen that the particles solidification in the samples containing cement improves the engineering properties of materials, causes to trap the pollutants within the soil mass and consequently reduces the leaching and emission capability of pollutants as compared to the physical attraction method. Conclusion: According to the results, using the physical adsorption to remove the heavy metals from contaminated soils (particularly at high concentrations of contaminant) is not recommended. Unlike the smectite limitation encountering with contaminated soil, application of cement is very effective to remove contaminants from the soil due to the combination of two mechanisms of stabilization and solidification. In appropriate remediation condition and with respect to EPA criteria, application of 0.1% of cement per 1 cmol/kg.soil contamination leads to safe remediation of the heavy metals from in contaminated soils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Optimization of effective parameters in the biological treatment of heavy metals (Nickel, Copper) using sequencing batch reactors (SBRS)
Morteza Khosravi Mohammad Rabani Mohammad Reza Allahgholi Ghasri Mohammad Javad Ebrahimi ZarandiThis research aimed at optimizing the effective parameters such as pH, activated sludge volume, concentration range, and fluid flow in the biological treatment of heavy metals (Nickel, Copper). The researchers studied the biological treatment of the above-mentioned meta MoreThis research aimed at optimizing the effective parameters such as pH, activated sludge volume, concentration range, and fluid flow in the biological treatment of heavy metals (Nickel, Copper). The researchers studied the biological treatment of the above-mentioned metals in presence of activated sludge at Ghaytarieh wastewater treatment plant in Tehran as well as aeration with mixture. Then, such parameters as pH (8±0.3), activated sludge volume 30%, concentration range of Cu II (800-1200) mg/lit and Ni II (800-1000) mg/lit were determined. For the biological removal of Cu II and Ni II (1000 mg/lit), three Plexiglass sequencing batch reactors with a total volume of 24 liters were used with sludge volume 30%, pH (8±0.3), DO (6-8) mg/lit, dissolved oxygen (6- 8) mg/lit, and optimum fluid flows 40 ml/min. The following results were obtained: Removal of Cu II: 99.74% Removal of Ni II: 92.4 % Decrease of BOD5: 81.65% Decrease of COD: 78.13% SVI: 62 ml/g Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Population dynamics of Liza abu, (Liza abu Heckel, 1843) in Shadegan wetland
Seyedahmadreza Hashemi Aliakbar Hedayati Rasoul Ghorbani Ahmadreza JabalehBackground and Objective: In this study, the parameters related to growth and mortality of Liza abu in Shadegan wetland were studied. Method: The sampling was carried out monthly to determine the length and weight at five stations including Douragh (Mahshahr), Rogbeh, K MoreBackground and Objective: In this study, the parameters related to growth and mortality of Liza abu in Shadegan wetland were studied. Method: The sampling was carried out monthly to determine the length and weight at five stations including Douragh (Mahshahr), Rogbeh, Khoorosi, Salmaneh and Ateish. During implementation of the project from March 2013 to February 2014, a total of 493 fish were caught and transferred monthly to the laboratory for biometric analysis. Finding:The average lengths (±SD) in millimeters for male (20±138) and female (18±138) as well as the average weights (±SD) in grams for male (13±33) and female (14±33) were obtained respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The length-weight relationships for female (R2=0.89, W=0.00001L3.33, N=282) and male (R2=0.88, W=0.00001L 2.98, N=195) Liza abu were obtained. The values of length (247, 220 and 247 mm), growth parameters (0.56, 0.74, and 0.66), total mortality (2.83, 2.90 and 2.98), natural mortality (1.22, 1.36 and 1.22) and fishing mortality (1.73, 1.36 and 1.76) for male, female and total were calculated, respectively. Considering the growth and mortality parameters obtained from American fisheries society (AFS) indices, this speciesis classified as a low vulnerable group Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Study of the Relationship between Landuse Change and Topographic Parameters in Mashhad in GIS Environment
Mehdi Gholamalifard Iman Fatehi Hamed Bidel Bahareh GhafouriBackground and Objective: Detection of land change during time series is very important for making optimal decisions about land management through understanding the interactions between human and natural phenomena. In this study, changes in landuse in Mashhad and their MoreBackground and Objective: Detection of land change during time series is very important for making optimal decisions about land management through understanding the interactions between human and natural phenomena. In this study, changes in landuse in Mashhad and their relation with topographic conditions were investigated using the Landsat images of 1987, 2001 and 2014. Method: Landuse map was created using visual interpretation method with six classes including bare lands, dry lands, forest, irrigated farming lands, range lands and urban lands. Finally, the relation of landuse changes with topographic components (elevation, slope, and aspect) was studied. Findings: Results showed that area of urban, forest and bare landuses is increased and area of dry, irrigated farming and range landuses is decreased during the study period. Greatest landuse change was from irrigated farming to dry farming lands, which was about 37702.75 ha. Mashhad urban area has been expanded about 16754 ha in the studied 27-year period, most which happened in locations with 800-1600 m of elevation, 8-12% slope and located in northern and eastern aspects. Conclusion: The obtained results can be used as a useful mean for managing the regions disposed to landuse change and provide the planners with suitable view to manage the landuse and future development plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - الگویابی شرکت های خدمات پس از فروش خودرو با معیار های وابسته- کاربردی از تحلیل پوششی داده ها
سجاد خیری فرهاد حسین زاده لطفی سیداسماعیل نجفی بیجان رحمانیالگویابی ابزاری جهت ارزیابی عملکرد سازمانی با رویکرد یادگیری از دیگران می باشد. اهمیت الگویابی در تمامی صنایع بر هیچکس پوشیده نیست، در صنعت خودرو نیز هرساله عملکرد نمایندگی های خدمات پس از فروش خودرو در ایران توسط شرکت بازرسی کیفیت و استاندارد ایران مورد ارزیابی قرار می Moreالگویابی ابزاری جهت ارزیابی عملکرد سازمانی با رویکرد یادگیری از دیگران می باشد. اهمیت الگویابی در تمامی صنایع بر هیچکس پوشیده نیست، در صنعت خودرو نیز هرساله عملکرد نمایندگی های خدمات پس از فروش خودرو در ایران توسط شرکت بازرسی کیفیت و استاندارد ایران مورد ارزیابی قرار می گیرند یکی از روش های بهبود مستمر نمایندگی های خدمات پس از فروش الگویابی از نمونه های موفق و کارا در سطح کشور می باشد. در این مقاله یک مدل الگویابی با درنظر گرفتن این موضوع که شاخص تعمیرات و رضایت مشتریان به یکدیگر وابسته هستند توسعه داده شده است. برای بهبود دقت و عملیاتی بودن الگویابی برخی محدودیت ها با نظر خبرگان به مدل اضافه شده است، با درنظر گرفتن متغیر های وابسته یک مدل تحلیل پوششی داده های پیشنهاد شده و این مدل برای الگویابی 20 نمایندگی خدمات پس از فروش یک شرکت خودرویی اجرا شده است. با اجرای مدل و مقایسه با نتایج مدل اولیه مشاهد شد که شرایط اعمال شده الگویابی را تغییر داده و دقت الگویابی را افزایش داده است. در این مقاله مفهوم تاثیر و اهمیت متغیر های وابسته در تعیین الگویابی بحث شده است و با این مفهوم یک مدل الگویابی برای نمایندگی های خدمات پس از فروش خودرو ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Modeling of Groundwater Quality Parameters Using Artificial Neural Network and Geostatistics Models (Case Study: Zeidoun plain)
Abdol Amir Echreshzadeh Aslan EgdernezhadBackground and Aim: One of the obstacles to develop sustainable is the poor quality of water. The assessment of water quality is usually based on chemical decomposition and measurement of chemical parameters of water. Measuring these parameters in big area is costly and MoreBackground and Aim: One of the obstacles to develop sustainable is the poor quality of water. The assessment of water quality is usually based on chemical decomposition and measurement of chemical parameters of water. Measuring these parameters in big area is costly and time-consuming, as result it required to estimating methods for prediction of those parameters. The purpose of this study is to model the groundwater quality parameters of Zeydoon plain using ANN+PSO and geostatistics models. Methods: For this purpose, the information of 42 observation wells in Zeidoon plain on a monthly basis for 7 years has been used. Neural network model inputs including qualitative parameters SO42- ، pH ، HCO32-، Na+، Mg2+، Ca2+، TDS، SAR and EC were considered. Findings: The results of simulation of groundwater quality parameters using ANN + PSO model showed that in SAR simulator model the highest simulation accuracy is related to the model with sigmoid logarithm function, in EC simulator model the highest accuracy is similar. The construction is related to the model with the stimulus function of the sigmoid tangent. Also, in the TDS simulator model, the highest simulation accuracy of the model with the sigmoid tangent stimulus function was obtained. As RMSE and MAE have the lowest value and R2 index has the highest value. The results of simulation of groundwater quality parameters using the geostatistical model showed that the highest accuracy of the kriging model in the simulation is related to EC, SAR and TDS parameters, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Finally, comparing the results of comparing the results of ANN + PSO model and Kriging model showed that ANN + PSO model is more accurate in simulating groundwater quality parameters of Zidon plain than Kriging model. Also, the results of this research showed that the combination of intelligent models with optimization algorithms with correct architecture and complete model inputs are used as a useful tool for simulating groundwater quality parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Assessment of Groundwater Quality of Jiroft Plain for Drinking Water Using Groundwater Quality Index
Mohammad Faryabi Rouhollah ShojaheidariAim and scope: Groundwater is the most important source of water supply in arid and semi-arid regions. For this reason, its quantitative and qualitative protection plays an important role in the development of these areas. This study aimed to use groundwater quality par MoreAim and scope: Groundwater is the most important source of water supply in arid and semi-arid regions. For this reason, its quantitative and qualitative protection plays an important role in the development of these areas. This study aimed to use groundwater quality parameters to develop a groundwater quality index.Methodology: The groundwater quality of Jiroft plain was studied using the groundwater quality index (GWQI). First, the calculation process of mentioned index was discussed and then the quality of groundwater was investigated by it. In this study, parameters such as nitrate, phosphate and arsenic were also assessed in addition to the main cations and anions of groundwater.Finding: The spatial distribution pattern of the main ions is influenced by the geological units and the direction of groundwater flow. The concentration of major and minor ions is lower than permissible limits in most parts of the plain.Conclusion: According to the results, the groundwater has good quality for drinking water in the most parts of the Jiroft plain. Groundwater recharge by surrounding alluvial fans is the main cause of the good quality of groundwater. Comparison of the map of groundwater quality index zonation with classification of groundwater samples using Schuller method shows the usefulness of groundwater quality index for evaluating the quality of groundwater.Key Words: Groundwater, Chemical parameters, Water quality index, Jiroft plain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Accumulation of lead and zinc concentrations in harmal plant and its effect on plant growth
Kobra MahdavianAbstractBackground and Objectives: Toxic amounts of lead in the environment of plants cause physiological changes and can decrease the growth potential of the plant and in a more severe manner cause the plant to die. Zinc is also an essential nutrient for plants, but ex MoreAbstractBackground and Objectives: Toxic amounts of lead in the environment of plants cause physiological changes and can decrease the growth potential of the plant and in a more severe manner cause the plant to die. Zinc is also an essential nutrient for plants, but excessive accumulation of zinc in plant tissues can alter plant growth stages. In such conditions, susceptible plants are damaged and killed while resistant plants continue to grow and reproduce in these conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high concentrations of Pb and Zn on growth, amount of chlorophyll and carotenoid, accumulation and tolerance parameters of harmal. Material and Methodology: Harmal plants were treated with concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/l for 14 days and concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/l Zn. Findings: The results showed that increasing lead and zinc concentration decreased shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight and root but increased lead and zinc accumulation in shoot and root. Chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoid contents also decreased significantly under different concentrations of Pb and Zn compared to the control. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded from this study that harmal has high ability to accumulate and tolerate lead and zinc and can be used for phytoremediation of lead and zinc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Assimilative capacity of the River Karun using index NSFWQI in the rang Zergan-Kut Amir (during the 5 year)
Pegah Hossieni Ali Reza Ildoromi Ali Reza HossieniIn this century, the protection of vital river systems of the main objectives in organizing the riversustainable development of water resources is considered. Therefore, in this study, Karun River waterquality through water quality index NSFWQI during March 2007 to Marc MoreIn this century, the protection of vital river systems of the main objectives in organizing the riversustainable development of water resources is considered. Therefore, in this study, Karun River waterquality through water quality index NSFWQI during March 2007 to March 2012 ranged from KutAmir-Zergan stations were examined. The results has shown that Karun river quality in this limit ,recently five year was in medium class at 2007 but decrease in bad class now. This river is number 3in classification water quality universal and in the range of Low River assimilative is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Combination of Magnetic Parameters: An Efficient Way to Discriminate Soil Contamination Sources (A Case Study: The Soils Surrounding Zanjan)
Ali Afashari hossein khademiThe present research was aimed to assess soils in Zanjan province using magnetic susceptibility technique. For this purpose, in an area of 2,000 km2, number of 241 samples was selected in grid manner. Magnetic susceptibility of soil samples was read by using Bartington MoreThe present research was aimed to assess soils in Zanjan province using magnetic susceptibility technique. For this purpose, in an area of 2,000 km2, number of 241 samples was selected in grid manner. Magnetic susceptibility of soil samples was read by using Bartington MS2 model. To determine the relationship between heavy metals, physicochemical properties and magnetic parameters the principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were considered. According to the results, magnetic susceptibility (χlf) in land uses dry farming, irrigated farming, garden, rangeland and urban area were obtained about 314.0, 265.4, 321.5, 455.6 and 519.2 (10-8m3kg-1) respectively. Frequency dependent mean magnetic susceptibility in for each land uses were found to be 1.5, 2.0, 1.8, 1.2 and 1.1% respectively. As per principal components analysis the first five components were detected where those first to fifth explained about 20.5, 18.1, 16.2, 9.65 and 8.50% of the total variance. Cluster analysis identified two factors: The first factor in clouded magnetic susceptibility, sand, organic matter, EC, cadmium, copper, lead and zinc, the second one was frequency dependent magnetic susceptibility, lime, pH, CEC, silt, clay, chrome, nickel, cobalt and manganese. The formers are most affected by anthropogenic activities and the latter are controlled by parent materials. The spatial distributions of magnetic susceptibility results are quite consistent with the statistical results of magnetic susceptibility in different land uses. The maximum values of magnetic susceptibility was observed in samples of igneous rocks (basalt, porphyritic, granite). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Critique of the researches of Abdolmajid Akjoo and Hossein Aydin in explaining the miracle of the Quran
amir joudavi mohammad ali heydri mazrae akhund mohammad hossein baroomand fateme yazdanmadadThe purpose of this article is to review the works of Istanbul Turkish authors; That is, Abdolmajid Akjoo and Hussein Aydin are in the field of explaining the miracle of the Holy Quran. It is necessary, then presented, relying on its dual axes and its four stages, to cr MoreThe purpose of this article is to review the works of Istanbul Turkish authors; That is, Abdolmajid Akjoo and Hussein Aydin are in the field of explaining the miracle of the Holy Quran. It is necessary, then presented, relying on its dual axes and its four stages, to critique the works of Istanbul Turkish authors; That is, Abdolmajid Akjoo and Hussein Aydin have been trained in explaining the miracle of the Holy Quran. A comparison of the work of the mentioned authors shows how they function in the two mentioned axes; That is, 1- Examining the general form 2- Examining the stages independently of the general form has a completely opposite situation. It performs better.Some stages, such as the second and third stages or the third and fourth stages, are intertwined and we do not distinguish between them, which shows their negligence and lack of complete separation of these stages. It should be noted that the additions in the expression of the authors are either integral in one of the mentioned stages or are sub-issues and do not play a major role in the explanation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Different methods using GnRHa on out of season reproductive efficiency in male goldfish (Carassius auratus, Linnaeus 1758)
احسان احمدی فر محمدرضا ایمانپور کوروش امینی وحید زادمجید طیبه عنایت غلامپورThe present research aims to evaluate effects of different methods of LHRHa implants and injections on some biological properties of semen including sperm density, spermatocrit percentage, pH and duration of sperm motility during spermiogenesis, sperm volume during 21 d MoreThe present research aims to evaluate effects of different methods of LHRHa implants and injections on some biological properties of semen including sperm density, spermatocrit percentage, pH and duration of sperm motility during spermiogenesis, sperm volume during 21 days after treatment and testosterone hormone changes in the days after implant and injection (Spermiogenesis, 7, 14 and 21) after the treatment in male goldfish broodstock in non-reproduction season. Fish were included in 4 treatments (injection of normal saline 0.7%, EVAc 20 mg / kg body weight LHRHa with 40 micrograms / kg body weight Metoclopramide, cholesterol pellets containing 20 micrograms / kg body weight LHRHa with 40 mg / kg body weight Metoclopramide and 100 mg / kg LHRH with 40 mg / kg body weight Metoclopramide. sperm did not differ significantly between treatments (P ≥0.05). highest spermatocrit percentage was found in treatments EVAc and LHRHa (P ≥0.05). EVAc implants significantly increased sperm volume compared with other treatments during the 21 days after treatment (P ≥0.05). Mobility period in different treatments of male fish broodstock was differed significantly (P ≥0.05), so that mobility period in treatment EVAc mobility was higher than other treatments. PH of different treatments with the control group (Physiology serum injection) showed significant difference so that the lowest rate was observed in the control group (P ≥0.05). Changes in hormone testosterone showed that its rate in Spermiogenesis in EVAc and LHRHa injection treatments showed significant difference compared to other treats in off-season reproduction of goldfish Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Biological Contamination and Physicochemical Quality of Swimming Pools Water
Elham Damani Rezvaneh Javanmard Parisa Sharifzadeh Ali khosroshiri Nasrin RezaeiBackground and Objectives: Health perspective, swimming pools must have appropriate physical, chemical, and microbial properties and must be desirably maintained. In this research, physicochemical parameters, microbial, and fungal contamination of swimming pools have be MoreBackground and Objectives: Health perspective, swimming pools must have appropriate physical, chemical, and microbial properties and must be desirably maintained. In this research, physicochemical parameters, microbial, and fungal contamination of swimming pools have been examinedMaterials and methods: In this study, 11 active covered swimming pools were sampled as census. samples were, This cross-sectional study was carried out. Microbial, and fungal contamination and temperature, free residual chlorine, turbidity, oxidation and revival parameters were measured. analyzed with software SPSS V16 was used for statistical analysis.Results: The results showed that out of 27 water samples taken from the pools of Zahedan city in terms of the frequency of parasitic infection, no parasitic samples including worm eggs, trophozoites or intestinal protozoa of pathogenic and non-pathogenic intestinal protozoa were observed. Parasitic and fungal pathogens and the amount of physicochemical factors in the water of the pools were studied, which could be due to the knowledge and attitude of pool managers and managers to the importance of pool water quality to ensure the health of swimmers and monitoring to improve pool water quality (including proper chlorination).Conclusion: The results indicate the It is recommended to continuously disinfect the surrounding environment including the pools platforms. The overuse of chlorine will had a negative impact on the other parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - The effect of different energy levels of diet on blood parameters and testicular tissue in sheep
Maryam Feli Saied Mohammadzadeh Mohsen AbasiPurpose: One of the most important costs of sheep breeding is feed and the concentrated part of the ration. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of different rates of concentrate and fodder in lambs. Materials and methods: 27 Lori Bakhtiari ma MorePurpose: One of the most important costs of sheep breeding is feed and the concentrated part of the ration. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of different rates of concentrate and fodder in lambs. Materials and methods: 27 Lori Bakhtiari male lambs with an average age of 75 days and a weight of 26kg were selected and divided into three treatments and nine replications. Treatment one was 55:45 concentrate to fodder, second treatment was 70:30 and third treatment was 15:85 and feeding was done individually in morning and evening. After the end of the 100-day period, blood sampling was done and all the lambs were slaughtered. The testicles were removed from the scrotum and after measuring the morphometric parameters, the testicular tissue sample with dimensions of 1x1cm was prepared in 10% formalin solution and tissue sections were prepared. Findings: The results showed that the rate of concentrate and fodder made a significant difference in the macroscopic parameters of testicular tissue (P˂0.05). The weight of the testis in the treatment of three lambs decreased. In this treatment, the thickness of the coating of spermatogenic tubes, tube diameter, lumen diameter and tube area decreased. Also, the rate of hematocrit, red blood cells and hemoglobin of this treatment was significantly higher than other treatments (P˂0.05). Conclusion: increasing the percentage of concentrate more than 70% will have a negative effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - A DFT and Molecular Dynamics Study on Inhibitory Action of Three Amine Derivatives on Corrosion of Carbon Steel
Mohammad Hossein Ghorbani Maryam Dehdab -
Open Access Article
76 - Electronic Structure and Properties of Anticancer Active Molecule Ansa-titanocene Dichloride
Reza Ghiasi Mozhdeh Shabani -
Open Access Article
77 - Determination of Saturates, Aromatics, Resins and Asphaltenes (SARA) Fractions in Iran Crude oil Sample with Chromatography Methods: Study of the Geochemical Parameters
Elham Keshmirizadeh Somayeh Shobeirian Mahmoud Memariani -
Open Access Article
78 - Quantum Mechanical Study of the Structure, NBO and HOMO–LUMO Analysis of Molecule Oxaliplatinium
Reza Ghiasi Nooshin Parseh -
Open Access Article
79 - Influence of O2 and N2 Concentrations on the Characteristics of Plasma in DC Cylindrical Magnetron Discharge by Langmuir Probe
Kiomars Yasserian Zahra Karimi -
Open Access Article
80 - Solvent Influences on the Structure, Thermochemical Parameters, and Electronic Properties in a Carbyne Complex Catalyst: OsCl3(=CCH2CMe3)(PH3)2
Mostafa Khademi Shamami Maryam Daghighi Asli Reza Ghiasi -
Open Access Article
81 - An Iridatropylium Cation: Investigation of Electronic Structure
Ali Peikari Reza Ghiasi -
Open Access Article
82 - Decolorization and Degradation of Basic Blue 3 and Disperse Blue 56 Dyes Using Fenton Process
Elham Keshmirizadeh Mina Farajikhajehghiasi -
Open Access Article
83 - Electrochemical and Theoretical Studies of Adsorption of 1-H-benzotriazole at Stainless Steel in Hydrochloric acid Solution Interface as Corrosion Inhibitors
Nazanin Behineh Mohammad Hossain Zargazi Hesam Baheri -
Open Access Article
84 - Functionally Graded Thermal Spray Coatings: Methods, Parameters, and Post-Spray Treatments
A Rabieifar M, R Tavighi -
Open Access Article
85 - Investigation of Additive Manufacturing Process by LMD Method, Affecting Process Parameters on Microstructure and Quality of Deposition Layers
R Hedayatnejad H Sabet S Rahmati A Salemi Golezani -
Open Access Article
86 - Germination modeling of Eryngium caeruleum seeds with hydro thermal time model
Mohammad Lotfi asle giglo Mostafa Oveisi Hamid Rahimian- mashhadi Behnaz Pourmorad kaleibar Mohammad Hossein NaeimiThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature and moisture on germination of Eryngium caeruleum seeds as factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications at weed science laboratory, college of agriculture and natural resour MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature and moisture on germination of Eryngium caeruleum seeds as factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications at weed science laboratory, college of agriculture and natural resources, university of Tehran. Factors were seven temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°c) and seven levels of moisture (0, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10 and -12 bar) and hydro thermal time model used for description of Eryngium caeruleum germination. Germination parameters including base temperature (Tb), optimum temperature (To), the minimum moisture needed for start of germination (Wpb), decreasing coefficient (b) and standard deviation (Sigma) were obtained 2.39, 23.52, -0.93, 0.13 and 0.34 respectively, affected by different levels of temperature and moisture by using hydro thermal time model. The results also showed that germination percentage and rate increased up to -4 bar in base temperature and these germination characteristics reached to their highest level in optimum temperature. According to the results of this study, it can be said that the seeds of Eryngium caeruleum do not have resistance to the water stress at very low and very high temperatures, and have the maximum resistance at 20°c. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Similarity of meters in Arabic poetic meters: The Analysis of two cases of mono measure
Mohammad Ebarhim Khalifa ShushtariUndoubtedly the phenomenon of two types of poems having the same measure which frequently occurs in most Arabic poetic metres, needs to be studied carefully by researches to find proper scientific solutions to his prosodic phenomenon and to find answers to some si MoreUndoubtedly the phenomenon of two types of poems having the same measure which frequently occurs in most Arabic poetic metres, needs to be studied carefully by researches to find proper scientific solutions to his prosodic phenomenon and to find answers to some significan questions as: How can we understand the formation way of this phenomenon? How can we recognize a monomeasure line`s metres? This brief survey can prove how scholars and researchers of prosody need answers to these questions, as it will benefit them that … They will have persuasive answers to their students. They will enjoy higher level of knowledge. This essay undertakes studying two cases of monomeasure metres and to find out adequate solutions for them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - A theoretical study on the nature of formaldehyde adsroption on the C58BN heterofullerene using DFT
Ehsan Zahedi majid mozaffari Malihe ArabIn this research adsorption of formaldehyde on the external surface heterofullerene C58BN has been studied by means of density functional theory using the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. Total electronic energies have been corrected by addition of two gCP and D3 correct MoreIn this research adsorption of formaldehyde on the external surface heterofullerene C58BN has been studied by means of density functional theory using the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. Total electronic energies have been corrected by addition of two gCP and D3 correction terms. Adsorption of formaldehyde via the bonding of oxygen atom to boron and carbon atom to nitrogen leads to the delocalization of oxygen lone pairs to the empty orbital of boron atom, formation of a strong covalent bond and consequently stability of system. Topological parameters based on the AIM theory, density of state spectrums, and the maps of molecular electrostatic potentials indicated that the adsorption of formaldehyde on the studied positions are covalent in nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Investigating the Effect of Cutting Condition on the Plastic Energy in Turning Process of AISI 1050
Mohammad Meghdad Fallah Seyyed Reza Hamzeloo -
Open Access Article
90 - Forecasting Operational Parameters of a Solar Space Heating System using a Novel Multistage Artificial Neural Network
Farnaz Jamadi Behnam Jamali -
Open Access Article
91 - Process Parameters Optimization in Gas Blow Forming of Pin-type Metal Bipolar Plates using Taguchi and Finite Element Methods
M. Moradian A. Doniavi V. Modanloo V. Alimirzaloo -
Open Access Article
92 - Hole-flanging of 2205 Dual-Phase Steel using Incremental Forming Process
Amir H. Roohi Seyed Jalal Hashemi -
Open Access Article
93 - The Effect of Process Parameters and Tool Geometrical Parameters on the Tool Peak Temperature in Machining Process
Maziar Mahdipour Jalilian Amir Ghiasvand Hasan Kheradmandan -
Open Access Article
94 - Substrate Temperature Effect on Photovoltaic Performance of Lead Sulfide (PbS) Nanostructures Deposited by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Method
Mohsen Cheraghizade Ramin Yousefi Farid Jamali-Sheini -
Open Access Article
95 - Investigation of Effective Parameters for Improvement of OSNR and Increasing of the Channel Capacity in Optical Communication Systems
Majid Malekian Hossein Emami Mohsen Ashourian -
Open Access Article
96 - Site selection suitable areas for solar power plants under the influence of climatic factors using FAHP method (Case study: Fars province)
Mosrafa Gorji Sajad Khoshnod Hossein Omrani Morteza HashemiRenewable resources which are good alternatives to non-renewable fossil fuels have caused communities to take an interest in energy sources such as solar energy. The purpose of this study is site selection suitable areas for the construction of solar power plants in Far MoreRenewable resources which are good alternatives to non-renewable fossil fuels have caused communities to take an interest in energy sources such as solar energy. The purpose of this study is site selection suitable areas for the construction of solar power plants in Fars province based on meteorological and climatic parameters. In this research precipitation, temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours, elevation, dust, aspect slope parameters was used. According to the importance and role of these factors, the statistics of parameters were analyzed and each criterion map was prepared in GIS software. All layers the IDRISI software was fuzzy. Finally, the location map of suitable areas was produced based on obtaining weights the method Fuzzy-AHP and results in four classes (excellent, good, medium and poor) were classified. The results of site selection solar power plants showed that the north and northeast parts of the province have more potential with an area more than 60% of the total area of the province while the southern parts of the province with an area totaling almost 0.026% of the whole area of the province have the least potential. The most area of the province in terms of potentiality for solar power plant is in an excellent category. In addition, climatic results indicated that the potential regions for constructing solar power plants are those with a dry and semi-arid climate where stations like Abadeh, Izadkhast, Bavanat, and Safashahr are located. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Spatial analysis of chemical parameters affecting groundwater quality using factor analysis and geostatistical methods (Case study: Bayza-Zarghan plain)
Hossein Behzadi Karimi Kamal OmidvarThe aim of this study was to determine the most important variables affecting the quality of groundwater in the Bayza-Zarghan plain by using factor analysis technique and estimation of spatial distribution of quality parameters in ArcGIS software. Data of 12 water quali MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the most important variables affecting the quality of groundwater in the Bayza-Zarghan plain by using factor analysis technique and estimation of spatial distribution of quality parameters in ArcGIS software. Data of 12 water quality parameters related to 27 wells were collected in summer, 2013. After normalizing the data, using factor analysis (FA), of hardness, salinity and water acidity, that accounted for 90% of the total variance in the data. The share of variables in each factor was determined after Varimax rotation, and two parameters with the most significant correlation with its factor was determined for each factor. The first factor, TH and Mg, the second factor, SAR and Na, and the third factor, pH and HCO3 were selected as the most important parameters in groundwater quality in the region. The results of definitive and geostatistical methods for estimating the above parameters were analyzed using the statistical criterion of RMSe. The results showed that for all variables other than pH, COKriging method is the most appropriate method. For TH and Mg, the G-Bessel model, for SAR and Na, the Rational-Quadratic model, for HCO3, the Exponential model, and for pH, the IDW model with power 1, had a lower error and increased the accuracy of the prediction significantly. Spatial zoning maps for the quality parameters indicated that TH, Mg, SAR and Na parameters reach the highest density in the southeast and the lowest density in the north of the plain. The pH changes show that its value is higher in the Banish area in north of the plain than in other areas. And in terms of HCO3, the northeastern and southern regions of the region are in poor condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Investigation of land use change in Qom province along with climatic parameters using satellite remote sensing technology
Nima Rohani Afsaneh Moradi Faraj Barat Mojaradi Taher Rajaee Ehsan JabbariBackground and Objective Modeling and showing the coverage of the land changes, provides a comprehensive view to researchers in various fields, including environmental and natural resources experts. One of the main methods of environmental studies is to study the land c MoreBackground and Objective Modeling and showing the coverage of the land changes, provides a comprehensive view to researchers in various fields, including environmental and natural resources experts. One of the main methods of environmental studies is to study the land cover/use and vegetation area change. In addition to showing spontaneous changes in nature, changes affected by human activities also fall into this category. Human construction has accelerated these changes in line with its development, especially in recent decades. Today, with the development of space-related sciences and remote sensing in general, and the production of more satellite products, it is possible to display the land use of different areas without the need for field visits and easily. The different behavior of the waves received by the satellite sensor from the various phenomena, known as a spectral signature is the basis for cognition and detection of the uses of the map. Such studies in Qom province have also been considered due to the very urban growth trend and the existence of several different types of climates in the not-so-wide area of this province. Qualitative and quantitative study and display of environmental and peripheral changes in Qom province over a period of about 30 years are one of the main objectives of the present study to help identify the trend of changes in different classes and complications and to model these changes in the future. Also, recognizing the changes in the outlook of Qom province, makes possible the ground for future planning.Materials and Methods In the present study, study times and time steps were selected based on changes in climatic/meteorological parameters. These steps were selected 5 years apart from 1989 to 2019. The study time point was considered to be the end of spring and the beginning of summer. The reason for this was the end of the rainy season in the area. Then the images of various Landsat satellite sensors were taken at specified time steps, and these images were pre-processed, processed, and classified into 11 classes. These 11 classes included; bare land, salty land, sandy land, tree, rock, urban areas, agricultural lands, and 3 different types of range. The results were also presented quantitatively and qualitatively. Based on the available real data, which was obtained visually and by sampling from different classes, the two maximum likelihood and minimum distance classification methods in Qom province were properly evaluated, which of the two, the maximum likelihood method yielded relatively better results considering the whole province with all classes and was used in the final classification. Finally, class changes between time steps were calculated and presented as a change matrix.Results and Discussion The results show that between 2014 and 2019, urban, water, agriculture, and ranges (types 1 and 3) have grown significantly. Also, between the two steps of 2009 to 2014, on average, about 30% of the total rangelands, ie three different types of classified rangelands, have become barren lands. Also, in this step, the main change observed was the largest change of sandy lands to bare lands, the reasons for which need further investigation. An examination of the changes between 2004 and 2009 shows that the negative growth in urban areas is mainly due to the poor quality of Landsat 7 satellite imagery and the similarity of the spectral behavior of salt lands and urban areas. The other negatively growing classes, including lakes, have become saltier lands and rocky areas have become barren, as well as salt lands have become barren and sandy. Examining the changes between 1999 and 2004, it is concluded that the negative changes in the tree class are due to the spectral behavior of vegetation, and this class has become mainly agricultural and rangeland classes. In the lake class, a 4 % change to the salt and rocky class has been detected. Major changes in the bare land class of about 12% have been detected in the rock and sand class. Also, more than 50% of the total area of range classes has been converted to bare land class, which is significant. The study of changes from 1994 to 1999 shows that only 3 classes had positive growth and the rest of the classes have negative growth, most of which was related to the urban class and the main changes were focused on bare lands. Vegetation classes all had negative growth and also due to the spectral similarity of these classes with each other, there was no proper separation between them. 12% of the bare land class has also been turned into a sandy land class. The classification of images and the display of changes from 1989 to 1994 show that sandy soils, range type 1, trees, salt lands, and lakes have grown negatively. In total, about 34% of different types of ranges have become bare lands, which seems reasonable due to the negative change in water areas (lake) and in a way indicates a faster drought. The extent to which other classes change to the bare land class, which includes relatively large numbers, also confirms this in some way.Conclusion Considering the geographical location of Qom province and a large area of this province, especially in the eastern half of it, which includes desert lands, including barren, saline, and sandy land classes, the selection of the classes mentioned in this research makes sense. Considering the major coverage of the province, one of the problems in the present study was that almost the majority of the pixels covering the province had a lot of similar spectral behavior and this issue made the classification process difficult. In general, the classification results related to the images taken in 2019, which is related to the recent time, show positive growth in urban, agricultural, range, and water areas according to the rainfall in early spring 2019 it was logical. Another important point related to this year is the extensive change and conversion of the class of rocky lands into different types of ranges. According to the original image taken from 2019 and the classified images, the error related to the degrees of gray is evident in those images. The software considers the similarity of the degrees of gray and the same spectrum of urban and salt classes as part of a class. These errors are also evident in bare and sandy classes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Intrusions detection system in the cloud computing using heterogeneity detection technique
Ali Ghaffari Rozbeh HossinnezhadIntroduction: The distributed structure of cloud computing makes it an attractive target for potential cyberattacks by intruders. In this paper, using the anomaly detection approach, a method for embedding an intrusion detection system for cloud computing is presented. MoreIntroduction: The distributed structure of cloud computing makes it an attractive target for potential cyberattacks by intruders. In this paper, using the anomaly detection approach, a method for embedding an intrusion detection system for cloud computing is presented. Therefore, by studying how to check the parameters and the combined role of the parameters in the detection of penetration in the cloud, a method for detecting suspicious behavior in the cloud is provided. The most logical way to detect an intrusion is to use supervised methods to learn the parameters of normal customer behavior. Therefore, the detection of biased behavior in the form of suspicious behavior was implemented and discussed, investigated, and compared with an initial simulation in the form of identifying abnormal behavior in different behavioral areas by the neural network.Method: In this article, the basis of abnormality detection in different aspects is to examine the behavior of users and use the capabilities of reproducing inputs in RNN neural networks. In these networks, during the training of the network, the weights are adjusted in such a way that they can minimize the average square of the error so that the network can produce common repeating patterns well. Therefore, after training, these networks cannot reproduce well the input patterns that are actually significantly different from the training samples. Hence, these networks are able to identify anomalies in the tested sets. Accordingly, RNN networks are used here to model normal behavior.Findings: The simulation results show that the proposed method, which is based on the recurrent neural network, can improve the false positive, false negative, and detection accuracy compared to the classification method.Discussion: In this article, the detection of biased behavior in the form of suspicious behavior was implemented and discussed, investigated, and compared with an initial simulation in the form of identifying abnormal behavior in different behavioral fields. The simulation results show that the proposed method, which is based on the iterative neural network, can improve the false positive, false negative, and detection accuracy compared to the classification method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The Effects Of Salinity on Hematological ParametersOf Asian See BassLates calcarifer
Shirin Hamedi Rohollah Rahimi Mahmood Nafisi Bahabadi Maryam AzodiInroduction and Objective: In this study the effect of different levels of salinity in the amount of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), the number of red blood cells (RBC) and white (WBC), RBC indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) count and differential white blood ceel fish Asian se MoreInroduction and Objective: In this study the effect of different levels of salinity in the amount of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), the number of red blood cells (RBC) and white (WBC), RBC indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) count and differential white blood ceel fish Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) weight 34/36±0/411 was investigated. Materials and Methods: Young fish initially for 14 days and has gradually been adapted to salt water. The relevant experiments for 30 days under different levels of salinity 0, 15, 35 and 50 ppt continued. The experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications with four treatments, salt and Hrtymar fiberglass fish tanks were distributed between 12 and repeat with 15 pieces of fish. At the end of the experiment the fish tail vein blood sampling was performed.Results: The results of this study showed that the decrease in salinity between any of the treatments together with the control group in terms of blood factors studied, there was no significant difference (P> 0.05). The research findings show that the process of gradual change in salinity of sea water with salinity of 50 ppt of fresh water with salinity of 0, as Euryhaline Fish Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) it is not known Conclusion: These fish have the ability to adapt to different levels of salinity that it is able to cope with environmental stress Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Comparison Of Treatment Vitamin D3 and Calcium on Function Growth Indices and Immune System Of Acipenser persicus Fingerlings 51
Mojtaba Ghodrati Abbas Ali Zamini Hamid Reza pouraliInroduction and Objective: Present study was carried out in collaboration with culture and propagation section of international research institute of Sturgeon fishes during fall 2014. Growth is one of the most complicated Phenomenons that food quality and quantity as we MoreInroduction and Objective: Present study was carried out in collaboration with culture and propagation section of international research institute of Sturgeon fishes during fall 2014. Growth is one of the most complicated Phenomenons that food quality and quantity as well as ingredient of food are effective in it. Fish resistance level to infections should be improved using immunestimulator such as vitamins to reduce disease risks in fish. Since abnormal levels of vitamin D and Calcium (Ca) is a accidental factor in most of the diseases; so food chain, growth and immune system are a chain cycle that increasing or decreasing of one of them affect to others directly. The aim of present study was to show that there is direct connection between growth parameters and immune system in Acipenserpersicus during 8 weeks.Material and Methods:60 fingerlings with mean weight of 18.56 g were divided in to fifteen 50 L tanks each contain 4 fish. 4 experimental diets and 1 control group were designed with three replications. Fish in treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4 feed by 6g/Kg Ca, 3000 IU D, 12 g/Kg Ca and 6g/Kg Ca + 3000 IU D respectively. Fish in control group feed by basal diet without Ca and D. fish weight and length were measured once 2 weeks and growth parameters were calculated. Blood parameters were measured at the end of experiment. Results: Results showed that all growth parameters in treatments1 and 2 were significantly more than other groups (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Effects Dietary Vitamin C and Folic Acid on Growth Performance, Hematological and Immunological Parameters of Juvenile Barbel SturgeonAcipenser nudiventris
Meysam Naderi Hossein Khara Mohammad Ali Yazdani SadatiInroduction & Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin C and Folic Acid on hematological and immunological parameters in juvenile Barbel sturgeonAcipenser nudiventrisMaterial and MethodSix practical diets were formulated as follow; MoreInroduction & Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin C and Folic Acid on hematological and immunological parameters in juvenile Barbel sturgeonAcipenser nudiventrisMaterial and MethodSix practical diets were formulated as follow; control: without supplementation, T1; 200 mg ascorbic acid (AA), T2: 3.5 mg Folic Acid (FA), T3: 200 mg AA + 1.5 mg FA, T4: 200 mg AA + 3.5 mg FA and T5: 200 mg AA + 5.5 FA equivalent kg-1 diet. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of juvenile Barbel sturgeon with initial body weight of 32 g in 785-L cylindrical fiberglass tank. Results: White blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), haematocrit (Ht), haemoglobin (Hb), lymphocyte and MCV were significant. But total immunoglobulin (Ig) and IgM concentrations had significant differences between treatments. The activity of serum lysozyme was significantly influenced by the dietary AA and FA, fish fed the basal diet had lower lysozyme.Conclusions:These results indicated that dietary vitamin C and folic acid (200 mg AA + 3.5 mg AF) did significantly influence on hematological and immunological parameters in juvenile Barbel sturgeon Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Effect Of Intraperitoneal Injection Of Quince Seed’s Extracts on Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Mouse
حسین حمزه ئی حامد علیزاده عطیه مهدوی نرمین جاورIntroduction and Objectiv:Recently herbal plants were used extensively in various fields, especially in the control of bacterial infections. But the toxicity of probably side effects caused very concern in the use of these materials in various fields of medicine. The ai MoreIntroduction and Objectiv:Recently herbal plants were used extensively in various fields, especially in the control of bacterial infections. But the toxicity of probably side effects caused very concern in the use of these materials in various fields of medicine. The aim of this study was clarify some of these ambiguities and investigation the effect of injection of Quince seed’s extracts on mouse biochemical and hematological parameters.Material andMethods:Recently herbal plants were used extensively in various fields, especially in the control of bacterial infections. But the toxicity of probably side effects caused very concern in the use of these materials in various fields of medicine. The aim of this study was clarify some of these ambiguities and investigation the effect of injection of Quince seed’s extracts on mouse biochemical and hematological parameters.Results:The results showed no significant changes in biochemical factors. Blood parameters includes: white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and hematocrit percent don’t show any variation. Platelet levels increased slightly in the experimental mice.Conclusion:Intraperitoneal injection of Quince seed’s extracts in mice does not affect biochemical and hematological factors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The Detemination Of someHeamatologicalParameters and Blood Serumenzymes in Cyprinus Carpio,Hypo phthalimichthys molitrixand Ctenopharyngodon idella
Majid Mohammad Nejad ShamoushakiInroduction and Objective: Heamatological characteristics of the fish can be a marker of normal and abnormal conditions of the environment in different species of fish as animportant indicator of fish be considered. This study, was determined and studied the comparison MoreInroduction and Objective: Heamatological characteristics of the fish can be a marker of normal and abnormal conditions of the environment in different species of fish as animportant indicator of fish be considered. This study, was determined and studied the comparison of some biochemical factors of serum in common carp, silver carp and grass carpMaterial and Methods: Testedwas done with a sample of 10 fish from each group. The blood used from the tail vein was cut and was placed in a special container and was measured in laboratory value of each factor.Results: Results showed that there is significant difference in the value of RBC, Hb, HCT, WBC, Lymphocyte and notrophil in Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalimichthys molitrixand Ctenopharyngodon idella(p 0.05).Also, results showed that there is significant difference in the value ofalanin aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in common carp, silver carpandgrass carp(p 0.05). ConclusionThe results of this study show that heamatological characteristics are different for different species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Study of Changes Kidney Tissue of White Albino NMRI Mice affected by the Gasoil
Nasim Naeimi Zohreh Fazlollahi Hamid reza Adeli Kobra Zare Nima MehrabiInroduction & ObjectiveGasoil is one of mostly-used oil products applied as diesel fuel, for instance, which, since it consists of aromatic compounds, is among the most important environmental pollutants. Considering its harmful effects on living organisms and human bei MoreInroduction & ObjectiveGasoil is one of mostly-used oil products applied as diesel fuel, for instance, which, since it consists of aromatic compounds, is among the most important environmental pollutants. Considering its harmful effects on living organisms and human beings, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of gasoil ingestion on kidney factors of white Albino NMRI mice.Materials and Methods:40 adult mice, with an average weight of 28 grams, were placed in four groups. Adult male mice were placed in two groups including a control group and a treatment group and adult female mice were divided into two groups of control and treatment. For 14 days, the treatment groups were fed once per day with 0.2cc of pure gasoil solution with a ratio of 6.6 mg/kg of the mice’s weightAfter weighing, anesthesia and macroscopic and microscopic studies of through the slides prepared, the desired parameters measured using the software motik. Then, the analyses were performed using SPSS V:19 software.ResultsIn the male and female extreatmentgroupscompared to thecontrol group in Variations in kidney tissue,indicated a significantrelationship(Pthe outercortex(except theinnercortex) kidney(30%,40%), increased thickness of the internal and externalmedulla(20%,21%). Reduced diameter of the proximal (43%) and distal tubule(30%), increased diameter of collecting tubule(60%,30%).Conclusion: Due to the increased use of gasoil and generalization of the results of the present research to human kidney tissue damage, this substance imposes irrecoverable damages on human health. Hence, necessary measures should be taken by authorities for replacing, reducing its effects and raising public awareness of the methods of dealing with its effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Study Effects Of Hydroalcoholic Extract Of Melisa Officinalis in the Treatment Of Acetic Acid Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats
تکرخ اشتری توان دشتی مهدی رهنما شهرزاد نصیری سمنانیInroduction and Objective:Peptic ulcer involved mucous extras and good heal under mucous in the wall of stomach. This decease usually is from the most known digest deceases, the plant drugs as compare with the chemical drugs had lower side effects and in contrast of che MoreInroduction and Objective:Peptic ulcer involved mucous extras and good heal under mucous in the wall of stomach. This decease usually is from the most known digest deceases, the plant drugs as compare with the chemical drugs had lower side effects and in contrast of chemical drugs that maybe had interfere with another compounds of body or produced a poison in the body, hasn’t interfere effects. Melisa officinalis have biologic effects such as calmness and antioxidant effects. In this research studied the effects of hydroalcoholic nectar of leaf ofMelisa officinalis plant over the peptic ulcer result of acid acetic on the RatMaterial and Methods: In this experimental study prepared hydraulic nectar of melisa officinalis plant. 60heads of female mousse in weight of 250-200 divided accidently to four 15groups, control group, Sham group (normal receiver of Salin) experiment1 group (extract of does 200 mg/kg) experiment2 group (extract of does 400 mg/kg). Mousse suffered form peptic ulcer through injection of acid acetic. After a day the rats treated for 14days through nectar process. Then the sample of stomach in the forth, tenth seventh and fourteen days excited and after measuring the sizes of wounds and fitting with formalin 10% , passage stages, performed tissue cut and coloring method and finally investigated the histology parameters.Results:the results showed that the nectar of Melisa officinalis result in meaningful increase of improving the wound in the experiment group 1 and 2 as compare with Sham and control groups, in the experiment group 2 improving the wound as compare with the experiment group 1 had meaningful increase. The inflammation factors and fibroblasts showed the meaningful decrease as compare with control and Sham group and showed meaningful reduction in the next days and the experiment group 2 showed meaningful reduction from froth day.Conclusion:Melisa officinalishas high recover ability in treatment of peptic ulcer result of acid acetic Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Study Of Morpholineand Physiological Saline Effect on Blood Parameters and Spleen Tissue Of NMRI Albino Male Mice
Nasim Naiemi Hamid Reza Adeli Kobra ZareInroduction and Objective: Morpholine is a substance with various applications in industry and agriculture which toxic effects can be absorbed into the body by ingestion, by inhalation and through skin. The present study aimed to study of morpholineand physiological sa MoreInroduction and Objective: Morpholine is a substance with various applications in industry and agriculture which toxic effects can be absorbed into the body by ingestion, by inhalation and through skin. The present study aimed to study of morpholineand physiological saline effect on blood parameters and spleen tissue of6-week-old nmri albino male mice Materials and Methods: 40 adult male mice were placed in 4 experimental groups including control group, physiological saline (sham) group, treatment group A, fed with 300 mg/kg per day for 15 days, 1 ml of the prepared solution (0.009 ml morpholine+ 0.91 ml of distilled water) and group B, treated using the same method with the same volume of morpholine and physiological saline in the same period of time. After weighing, anesthesia and blood sampling, the number of red blood cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin were respectively measured using Neubauer slide, hematocrit capillary tube, and Sally method applying a plasma density refractometer. Microscopic and structural studies were conducted on prepared slides of spleen and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS19 software. Results: Increased number of red blood cells (%6.7), hematocrit (%21), plasma density (%25), and hemoglobin (%10) and decreased thickness of splenic capsule wall and becoming more fibrous (%8.3), increased thickness of central arteriole wall of white pulp (%30), increased spleen weight (%6.14), and reduced body weight (%2.14) were observed in group A, compared to control group and sham group. Considering group B, all listed features (except thickness of splenic capsule wall and weight loss) decreased. The results indicated a significant difference between group A and B (pConclusion: The significance of this relationship indicated that morpholine increased blood parameters, caused parenchyma adhesion, led to inflammation and increased spleen weight and decreased body weight and that physiological saline decreased its adverse effects. Given destructive effects of morpholine and its usage in our daily life, industry should look for a suitable replacement in order to maintain human health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Effect Of intraperitoneal injection OfEukalyptus globulus extracts on biochemical and hematological parameters in mouse
Mohsen Ajalli Hossein Hamzehei Parivash Ghaderiniya Hamed AlizadehInroduction and Objective:Recently herbal plants were used extensively in various fields, especially in the control of bacterial infections. But the toxicity of probably side effects caused very concern in the use of these materials in various fields of medicine. The ai MoreInroduction and Objective:Recently herbal plants were used extensively in various fields, especially in the control of bacterial infections. But the toxicity of probably side effects caused very concern in the use of these materials in various fields of medicine. The aim of this study was clarify some of these ambiguities and investigation the effect of injection of Eukalyptus globulus extracts on mouse biochemical and hematological parameters.Materials and Methods:In this experimental study, 25 adult male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group 1 was sham. Control group 2 and group 3 to 5 experimental groups were treated respectively with aquatic, ethanolic and acetonic extracts of Eukalyptus globulus extracts. Mice treated for 10 days. On the eleventh day the rats were killed by diethyl ether anesthesia. Blood samplesweretakenfrom theheart. Then the biochemical and hematological parameterswereevaluated.Results:The results showed nosignificant changesinbiochemical factors. Blood parameters includes: white blood cells, red blood cells,platelets, hemoglobin and hematocrit percent don’t show any variation. Platelet levels increased significantly in the experimental mice.Conclusion:Intraperitoneal injection of Eukalyptus globulusextracts in mice does not affect biochemicaland hematological factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The Effect Of RibOflavin on Growth and Immune Parameters OfAcipenser nudiventris
Alireza Ashouri Mir Hamed Saiyed Hassani Esmaiel HosseinniaInroduction and Objective:In this study, effects of different riboflavin level were investigated on growth rate and Immune parameters of Acipensernudiventris were investigated.Material and Methods:A total of 120 juvenile Acipensernudiventris with initial weight (30.6±1. MoreInroduction and Objective:In this study, effects of different riboflavin level were investigated on growth rate and Immune parameters of Acipensernudiventris were investigated.Material and Methods:A total of 120 juvenile Acipensernudiventris with initial weight (30.6±1.28 SD) were fed to saturation by 4 diet contained (protein: 49%, lipid: 14% and energy 21.1 Mj/kg) that were supplemented by riboflavin (0, 15, 20 and 25 mg/ kg) so called RB0, RB15, RB20 and RB25 in 8 weeks. Biometey were carried out in of 15 days interval. In the end of experiment, blood samples were collected from fish and transported to laboratory for some immune system parameters analysis.Results: Riboflavin supplemented in diet caused a significant increase in final weight compared with control (P20 were significantly higher than other treatment and fish belonged this treatment had highest protein efficiency ratio (PER) and lowest feed efficiency ratio (FCR) (P50 in fish fed RB20 were priority than control group (PConclusion: The result of this study indicated that supplementation of riboflavin in diet have benefit effect on Acipensernudiventris juvenile growth and immune parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - The Effects of Propolis Extract on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters and Antioxidant Status in Holstein Suckling Calves.
Jamal Seifdavati Sayad Seifzadeh Hossein Abdi Benemar Farzad Mirzaei Agheh Gheshlagh Reza Seyyed SharifiInroduction & Objective: Propolis is a substance with pharmacological properties for treatment of various human and animaldisesases. Propolis has antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant activitise that strengthens the immune system of different animal species. The aim MoreInroduction & Objective: Propolis is a substance with pharmacological properties for treatment of various human and animaldisesases. Propolis has antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant activitise that strengthens the immune system of different animal species. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of propolis extract on growth performance, blood parameters and antioxidant status of Holstein suckling calves. Material and MethodsFor this study, 24 Holstein calves with 1 ± 10 day avarage age and 38 ± 2 kg avarage weight in a completely randomized design for 70 days were wased. The experimental treatments were: 1) control diet without propolis extract supplements, 2) control diet + 500 ppm propolis extract per head per day, 3) control diet + 1000 ppm propolis extract per head per day. Calves were weighed every two weeks and blood sampeles were taken on d 30 and d 60 of the experiment and analyses for blood metabolites and antioxidant activity.Results: The results showed that use of different levels of propolis extract had no significant effect on feed intake during the first and second months and total trial period. supplemental propolis extract did not show significant effect on final weight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio during the first and second months, whereas adding 500 ppm of propolis in extract improved significantly the daily weight gain of calves in total trial period. no significant differences were observed between concentrations of blood metabolites (glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, urea and globulin). The results showed that adding propolis extract had no significant effects pn activites blood of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferase and glutathione peroxidase blood whereas supplementing milk with propolis extract affected significantly blood antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity.Conclusion:In general it can be concluded that the use of propolis extract had no effect on performance and blood metabolites except for superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity, propolis extract supplementation in suckling calf milkcan effectively help to cope with the stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Effects of Partial Substitution of Macro Algae Gracilaria pygmaea with Fish Meal on Some Bloodof Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer
Narjes Tangestani Vahid Morshedi Mahmoud Nafisi Bahabadi Maryam azodi Anahita Farhodi Ebrahim sotoudehInroduction & Objective:In aquaculture, algae to increase immunityand survival of fish used commercially. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal with Grasilaria macroalgae in the diet and its effect on bloodfactorsin Asian Sea bass MoreInroduction & Objective:In aquaculture, algae to increase immunityand survival of fish used commercially. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal with Grasilaria macroalgae in the diet and its effect on bloodfactorsin Asian Sea bass (LatescalcariferMaterial and Methods:For this purpose, 150 pieces of fish with an average weight of 28 grams perfectly with 3 replications and 3 treatments in the 15, 300-liter fiberglass tanks (10 fish per tank) were distributed. Fish for 40 days with a diet containing 3, 6 and 9 percent macroalgae powder Grasilaria per kg of food and two groups of positive and negative controls (both no algae) were fed. At the end of the experiment the fish Caudal vein collected blood samples and blood parameters were measured.Results: The results of the present study showed that the replacement of macroalgae in the diet of Asian Sea bass on fish blood factors including hemoglobin, hematocrit and differential percentage of white blood cells have no significant effect. But, at the treatment of 3% replacement of macroalgae were observed significant different in levels of white blood cells count, lysozyme and total protein amount (P Conclusion: The results of this study showed that replacement of macroalgae (Gracilaria pygmaeaat level of 3 percent have resulted in significantly increase in the white blood cells and lysozyme than the control group and the amount of total protein at the 3 and 6 percent had a significant increase compared to the control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - The Effects of Common and Encapsulated Thyme Essential Oil with Fats on Blood and Immunity Parameters of Broilers with Diets Formulated with Normal and Low Crude Protein Levels
Mohsen Eyvaz zadeh Ali Nobakht Alireza Safamehr Yousef Mehmannavaz Ali ZanebureIntroduction & Objective: In the present experiment, the effects of normal and encapsulated thyme essential oil along with saturated and unsaturated fats on blood parameters and safety of broilers with normal and low protein diets were evaluated.Materials and Method MoreIntroduction & Objective: In the present experiment, the effects of normal and encapsulated thyme essential oil along with saturated and unsaturated fats on blood parameters and safety of broilers with normal and low protein diets were evaluated.Materials and Methods: In this study, 384 Ross 308 broilers in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial engagements with 8 treatments including (zero and normal and encapsulated thyme essential oil), (beef tallow and rapeseed oil) and common crude protein and 5% less than the recommended strain in 4 replications and 12 chicks per replication in 42 days and in the three experimental periods included starter (1 to 10 days), growing (11 to 24 days) and finisher (25 to 42 days) for investigation. Blood parameters and immunity of broiler chickens were tested by ELISA method and by spectrophotometer and using commercial biochemistry kits, in a completely randomized design.Results: In relation to the effects of experimental treatments on the biochemical parameters of the blood of chickens, the use of cow tallow, normal thyme essential oil and normal protein level, and rapeseed oil along with thyme essential oil and low protein diets, reduced the LDL level of chickens (P<0.05). The use of encapsulated essential oil of thyme and tallow increased the percentage of blood lymphocytes (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results of this research show that in Ras 308 broiler chickens, the use of unsaturated fat, along with encapsulated thyme essential oil and the level of crude protein recommended for the strain, improves blood parameters in blood LDL level and the immunity of chickens on the percentage of lymphocytes. It seems that the combination of these substances has synergistic effects and can strengthen each other's biological effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Evaluation of the effect of Clustat probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) on some growth and hematological factor as well as intestine tissue of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
مهرزاد محمدی سجاد پورمظفر mohsen gozariInroduction & Objective:At present, the use of probiotics as goodalternative for antibiotics is greatlyincreasing in aquaculture industry. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of di MoreInroduction & Objective:At present, the use of probiotics as goodalternative for antibiotics is greatlyincreasing in aquaculture industry. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of B. subtilis probiotic (KEMIN ®) on growth and hematological parameters and also the morphology of intestine of rain bow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Material and Method:In this study 135 fish with an average initial weight of 35.68 ± 2.5 g were fed diets supplemented with of probiotic after 50 days. Experimental treatments included control without probiotic (control group), 1 and 2% probiotic levels.Fish were randomly sampled at the end of experimental period. The blood was extracted from caudal vein of samples for measuringblood parameters (total red and white cells, hemoglobin, differential blood cell count).Intestinal morphology including height and width of villi, density and area of goblet cells were quantified for histological examination. Growth parameters was also determined. Results: At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed with probiotic supplemented diets had significantly higher growth performance than control group (p < 0.05). In addition, fish fed with probiotic diets had significantly higher red blood cell, neutrophils and height of villi compared to the control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference of some hematological parameters (such as white blood cell, hematocrit, hemoglobin, neutrophils and monocyte) and intestinal morphology (width of villi, density and area of goblet cells) was observed in all groups (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the oral administration of B. subtilis possessed the beneficial and positive effects on growth and hematological factors as well as intestine tissue of rain bow trout. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Effect of feeding potato waste powder processed with multi-enzyme on growth and blood and intestinal parameters of broilers
Ali Ebadi Bahman Navidshad Hossein Mohebodini Farzad MIrzaei AghjegheshlaghIntroduction and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of potato waste on growth performance and carcass traits of broiler chickens. Material and Methods: The study carried out in a completely randomized design with five treatments, four replic MoreIntroduction and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of potato waste on growth performance and carcass traits of broiler chickens. Material and Methods: The study carried out in a completely randomized design with five treatments, four replications, 14 broiler chicks each. The experimental diets were consisted of three levels of potato wastes (0, 15 and 25%) and two levels of multi-enzyme (0 and 0.2%). Results: Feed intake was not affected by the type of experimental diet during the growth period, the final period and the whole rearing period. Daily weight gain was not significantly different between the experimental groups but at the end of the experiment and the control group was better than other treatments. Growth conversion factor was lower in the potato-treated groups than in the control group. In the final period, the feed conversion ratio in the control group was significantly lower than the other experimental groups and this was also observed throughout the rearing period. It had no effect on carcass percentage, and relative weights of pancreas, liver, bursa Fabricius, spleen and heart. The ratio of intestinal length to live weight in birds fed 25% of potato lesions was higher than other groups. Potato lesions in the diet increased the relative weight of the gizzard and decreased abdominal fat compared to the control group (P<0.05). Canclusion: According to the results of this study, the use of potato plus enzyme in relation to different levels of non-enzyme potato wastes had a positive effect on HDL cholesterol, intestinal morphometery and body weight gain in broilers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Effects of Aromatherapy with Ginger Essential Oil on Tonic Immobility Reactions and some Blood Metabolites of Caponized and Intact Cockerels
mohammad javad skandri Farhad Samadian reza naghiha mostafa Ghaderi-ZefreheiInroduction & Objective:Aromatherapy with essential oils (EO) in rats has been reported to alter some of the serum variables and reduce anxiety. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy with ginger EO on serum metabolites an MoreInroduction & Objective:Aromatherapy with essential oils (EO) in rats has been reported to alter some of the serum variables and reduce anxiety. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aromatherapy with ginger EO on serum metabolites and fear related responses in capons and intact cockerels. Materials and Methods:In this study, 10 caponized and 10 sham-operatedcockerelswere used. Half of the poultries in each group (capons=5 andsham-operated cockerels=5) were treated by aromatic EO in a chamber, and the rest of experimental poultries were exposed to water vapor in the same chamber. Eachbird after removal from the chamber was held by both legs and swung into an inverted position for 30 s and thereaftertonic immobility (TI)test was performed on it.Two weeks after this test, the aromatherapy process was repeated in all birds and blood plasma metabolites were measured before and after aromatherapy. Results: Aromatherapy in the caponized group resulted in a decrease in the tonic immobility duration, indicating a decrease in fearfulness induced by harvesting process.Moreover, aromatherapy significantly increased plasmalevels of glucose, protein and total urea in cockerels. Conclusion: Aromatherapy is probably by activating the sympathetic system and increase blood pressure, lead to increased levels of glucose, protein and serum urea and reduce the number of inductions required to attain the TI response. Therefore, ginger EOexposure during manual harvesting maybe advisable to reduce fearful responses in cockerels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - The effect of different levels of black cumin powder on the performance of some blood parameters and intestinal tissue morphology of Japanese quail
Farshid Kheiri Mehrdad AbbaspourIntroduction & Objective: cumin is one of the most ancient medicinal plants in traditional medicine which is used for treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal disorders and disorders .in order to investigate the effect of different levels of cumin (bunium persic MoreIntroduction & Objective: cumin is one of the most ancient medicinal plants in traditional medicine which is used for treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal disorders and disorders .in order to investigate the effect of different levels of cumin (bunium persicum) powder on performance of some blood parameters and morphological characteristics of ileum of Japanese quailMaterials & methods: In this experiment, 400 male Japanese quails were randomly assigned to four treatments, five replicates and 20 quails in each replicate from 14 to 42 days of age. The black cumin powder was applied at four levels (0.5, 1 and 1.5 %) at four levelsResults: There was no significant difference between the levels of black cumin and the control treatment (p< 0.05). Serum albumin was significantly increased under the diet supplemented with 1 and 1.5 % of black cumin powder (p < 0.05 ) .Blood serum calcium and protein levels were significantly increased under the diet containing 1.5 % of black cumin powder (p < 0.05 ).The amount of phosphorus and glucose in the diet containing 0.5 % of the black cumin powder in the diet decreased and significantly (p < 0.05 ) increased in comparison with the control .The triglyceride concentration in the treatment group was significantly lower than the control treatment (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Morphology of ileum in experimental treatments was not significantly different from control treatment. According to the results, adding black cumin powder at 0.5 % level in Japanese quail diet improved the performance and quality of carcass traits compared to other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Lemon verbena leaves Extracts on Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Brucella melitensis in vitro and Animal Model Study
shahrzad nasiri semnani nastaran ghassempoorInroduction & Objective:Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus epidermidis Klebsiella pnenmonia and Brucella melitensis have high resistance to antibiotics treatments. The aim of this study, was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of Lemon verbena leaves extr MoreInroduction & Objective:Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus epidermidis Klebsiella pnenmonia and Brucella melitensis have high resistance to antibiotics treatments. The aim of this study, was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of Lemon verbena leaves extracts on Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Brucella melitensis in vitro and animal model study. Material and Method:In this studies after prepagation, of extracts Lemon leaves MIC and MBC and diameter of inhibition zone was determined by well diffusion agar method, the extracts on bacteria determined by broth dilution method. In animal model study, 5×105 CFU/ml bacteria were injected intraperitioneally in to mice and the counts of bacterias colonies was countected according to the standard protocol. Results: The results of macrodilution method showed that the MIC of ethanolic extract of the leaves of the lemon verbena in the range of 1:32 dilution (27.81 mg/ml) to 1:8 (111.25 mg/ml) and MBC ethanolic extract of the leaves of the lemon verbena in the range 1:16 (55.62 mg/ml) to 1:4 (222.5 mg/ml). MIC of acetonic extract of the leaves of the lemon verbena in the range of 1:32 dilution (27.81 mg/ml) to 1:8 (111.25 mg/ml) and MBC of acetonic extract of the leaves of the lemon verbena in the range 1:16 (48.18 mg/ml) to 1:4 (192.75 mg/ml). Also MIC of aqueous extract was in the range of 1:8 (103.75 mg/ml) to 1:4 (207.5 mg/ml) and MBC of this extract was in 1:4 dilutions (207.5 mg ml) in all studied bacteria. In animal model, were seen a significant reduction between the treated groups with control group. Ethanolic and acetonic extract Lemon verbena more effective in an animal model. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Lemon verbena extracts has antimicrobial effect on studied bacteria Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Parameters Estimation of Photovoltaic Cell Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Vahdat Nazerian Mehran Hosseinzadeh Dizaj Alireza SalehiIn this paper, an electrical equivalent circuit model based on the photovoltaic effect has been presented with the studies done on the simulation of the solar energy system. This linear model, which consists of two diodes, shows the behavior of a solar cell to produce e MoreIn this paper, an electrical equivalent circuit model based on the photovoltaic effect has been presented with the studies done on the simulation of the solar energy system. This linear model, which consists of two diodes, shows the behavior of a solar cell to produce electricity. We have done the desired simulations using MATLAB software. Our goal in this research is to calculate the minimum error value for the unknown parameters of the circuit, which is obtained by the root-mean-square error (RMSE). In order to accurately and reliably determine the parameters of the double-diode model, an optimization method based on collective intelligence called the Cuckoo search algorithm is presented in this article. According to the desired model that we intend to study with the proposed algorithm, to obtain the minimum error value, we calculate the unknown parameters of the circuit and compare them with other methods. The results show that the RMSE value of the proposed algorithm with the initial population value of 50 and the number of iteration rounds of 1000 is equal to 3.56*10-2, which provides better results than other algorithms. The average execution time of this algorithm is 15.81 milliseconds per every iteration round. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Free Vibration Analysis of Nonlinear Circular Plates Resting on Winkler and Pasternak Foundations
M.G Sobamowo S.A Salawu -
Open Access Article
120 - Structural and Crack Parameter Identification on Structures Using Observer Kalman Filter Identification/Eigen System Realization Algorithm
P Nandakumar J Jacob -
Open Access Article
121 - Fractional Order Generalized Thermoelastic Functionally Graded Solid with Variable Material Properties
A Sur M Kanoria -
Open Access Article
122 - Modeling of Compression Curves of Flexible Polyurethane Foam with Variable Density, Chemical Formulations and Strain Rates
M.F Alzoubi S Al-Hallaj M Abu-Ayyad -
Open Access Article
123 - Application of the GTN Model in Ductile Fracture Prediction of 7075-T651 Aluminum Alloy
S.F Hosseini S Hadidi-Moud -
Open Access Article
124 - Biological and Reproductive Parameters of Olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Laboratory condition
Mohammad Javad Soroush Karim Kamali Hadi Ostovan Mahmoud Shojaei Yaghoub FathipourThe olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Diptera:Tephritidae) is the most important and widespread pest in the olive growing countries in the world. The larvae feed upon the pulp, resulting in a significant quantitative and qualitative loss in the production of table oliv MoreThe olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Diptera:Tephritidae) is the most important and widespread pest in the olive growing countries in the world. The larvae feed upon the pulp, resulting in a significant quantitative and qualitative loss in the production of table olives and oil. In this research, infected fruits from infected areas were collected and biological and reproductive parameters were evaluated at 27 ± 1°C, 60-70 % RH and photoperiod of 16L: 8D on olive fruit, Zard variety. Because of internal function of immature stages of the pest, we supposed that the gross hatch rate was equal to 1 and survival rate (lx) of adults was compared with the initial egg number. Results showed that incubation period of eggs, larval and pupal stages lasted in 3.26 ± 0.095, 13.13 ± 0.28 and 9.13 ± 0.34 days respectively. Development time of the pest in suitable condition was 25.53 ± 0.48 days. Pre-oviposition time, oviposition time and post-oviposition time was 5.64 ± 0.31, 51.64 ± 1.73 and 4.07 ± 0.68 days respectively. The average of adult longevity for males was 38.57 ± 2.56 and for females was 61.36 ±2.15 days. The total number of laid eggs laid in suitable conditions was 214.25 ± 22.38 per female (139-256). The sex ratio was 1.1: 1, female: male. The survival rate until last stages of life cycle was equal to 1 but in this time some females was dead that it appeared as fluctuations in the rate. The gross and net fecundity and fertility rate of the pest on olive fruits was 118.20 and 46.97 respectively, because the gross hatch rate was supposed equal to 1. Mean egg per day was 1.90 and mean eggs/female/day was 0.89. Mean fertile eggs per day and mean fertile eggs/female/day were equal to 1.90 and 0.89 too. Results of showed that generation time (T) was 58.18 days, doubling time (DT) was 8.88 days, finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.08 and intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.078. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Sublethal effects of individual and combined of Mentha pulegium essential oil and methanolic extract on life table parameters of Ommatissus lybicus
Azita Dehghan Arezoo PayandehIntegrated pest management (IPM) is an ecosystem approach to crop production and protection that combines different management strategies and practices to grow healthy crops and minimize the use of pesticides. Essential oils and extracts are used in the developing world MoreIntegrated pest management (IPM) is an ecosystem approach to crop production and protection that combines different management strategies and practices to grow healthy crops and minimize the use of pesticides. Essential oils and extracts are used in the developing world for many purposes including management of agricultural insect pests. This study evaluated the individual and synergistic effects of essential oil and methanolic extract of Mentha pulegium against Ommatissus lybicus adults. The LC50 andLD50 of M. pulegium values are 9.68 μL/L air and 36.97 mg/mL, respectively. To assess the sublethal effects, adult bugs were exposed to the essential oil (LC25), methanolic extract (LD25) and their combination, and mortality of immature stages and life table parameters of the surviving O. lybicus were studied. The highest percent of egg and nymphal mortality were observed, 27.33% and 37.60% respectively, after exposure to LC25 ofM. pulegium oil. Exposure to sublethal LC25 and/or LD25 of M. pulegium negatively affected the life table of O. lybicus. All treatments significantly reduced the R0, rm, λ, and GRR while that increased T of O. lybicus and prolonged the developmental time from egg to adult. In comparison to extract treatment, R0 and rm parameters were reduced to a greater extent in insects exposed to both M. pulegium oil and extract, however, a statistically significant difference was not found when compared with essential oil treatment. According to these results, both tested essential oil and methanolic extract has potential applications for the integrated management of O. lybicus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Higher moments portfolio Optimization with unequal weights based on Generalized Capital Asset pricing model with independent and identically asymmetric Power Distribution
Bahman Esmaeili Ali Souri Sayyed Mojtaba Mirlohi -
Open Access Article
127 - Experimental Comparison of Financial Distress Prediction Models Using Imbalanced data sets
Seyed Behrooz Razavi Ghomi Alireza Mehrazin Mohammad Reza Shoorvarzi Abolghasem Masih Abadi -
Open Access Article
128 - Toxicity and sub-lethal effects of Vitex agnus-castus L. essential oil as a Juvenile hormone analog on Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
Siavash Tirgari A. R. Rahimzadeh سهراب imani Y. Fathi purThe Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is a serious pest of grains such as wheat. In the present study, the lethal and sub-lethal effects of Vitex agnus-castus L. essential oil were studied against T. granarium first instar larvae. To i MoreThe Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is a serious pest of grains such as wheat. In the present study, the lethal and sub-lethal effects of Vitex agnus-castus L. essential oil were studied against T. granarium first instar larvae. To investigate the sub-lethal effects, the first instar larvae were exposed to the LC30 concentration of the essential oil and the biological parameters of the surviving insects were determined. Vitex agnus-castus essential oil had high fumigant toxicity for first-instar larvae of T. granarium (LC50: 132.14 µl/L air). In addition, V. agnus-castus L. had low mortality time (LT50: 17.27 h), indicating rapid effects of the compound. The larval period of individuals who came from first instar larvae exposed to V. agnus-castus essential oil was significantly longer than control. Also, exposure to the sub-lethal concentration of the tested essential oil significantly reduced the survival of the immature stages, adults’ longevity, and reproduction of adult females. The net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ) in the population came from larvae exposed to the essential oil of V. agnus-castus essential oil were 4.02 eggs/female, 0.016 day-1 and 1.016 day-1, respectively, that was significantly lower than the control population (27.55 eggs/female, 0.055 day-1 and 1.056 day-1, respectively). Also, the mean generation time of the essential oil-treated population was about 22 days longer than the control population. According to our findings, V. agnus-castus essential oil is highly toxic to T. granarium larvae and appears to contain a Juvenile hormone analog that is useful for effective control of T. granarium populations in storage systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - The effect of sublethal doses of Ethion and Imidacloprid on reproductive parameters of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Col. ,Coccinellidae) in laboratory conditions
M. Keshtkar Sh. Goldasteh Z. Rafiei Karahroodi S. ChavoshiThe effect of sublethal doses of two pesticides, Ethion and Imidacloprid on reproductive parameters of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Col., Coccinellidae) were investigated at constant laboratory condition. The insects were exposed to LC30 concentration of the pesti MoreThe effect of sublethal doses of two pesticides, Ethion and Imidacloprid on reproductive parameters of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (Col., Coccinellidae) were investigated at constant laboratory condition. The insects were exposed to LC30 concentration of the pesticides during first 24 hours of their life. The amounts of LC30 and LC50 were respectively 244.58 and 385.13 for Ethion, and 130.83 and 221.45 ppm for Imidacloprid. The mean life span of adults in control was higher (41.2 days) than in treatments of Ethion (31.1 days) and Imidacloprid (26.7 days). The whole period of females' pre puberty in control and treatment with Ethion and Imidacloprid were record 30. 9, 33.9, 36.9 respectively. Sex ratio was calculated respectively 74.33, 54, and 46.67. Net fertility rate in control and treatment with Ethion and Imidacloprid were respectively record 449.48, 248.5, 182.45 eggs and net breeding rate were 394.6, 224.4, 166.7 eggs. The gross rates of hatching were calculated 0.87, 0.90 and 0.90 eggs. Mean egg per day in control and Ethion and Imidacloprid were 11.8, 9.6 and 9.5 eggs respectively. Intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) in control and treatments were 0.13, 0.10, 0.09 female/ female/ day respectively. These results undicate that the sublethal doses of Ethion and Imidacloprid decrease the biological parameters of the coccineid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Effect of Thiacloprid and Eforia on the life table parameters and detoxification enzymes activity in wheat aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)
pezhman Aeinechi B. NaseriThe greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most important pests of wheat plants can restrict the production of this crop by sucking on the sap and transmistting pathogenic viruses. Detoxifying enzymes play a very important role in det MoreThe greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most important pests of wheat plants can restrict the production of this crop by sucking on the sap and transmistting pathogenic viruses. Detoxifying enzymes play a very important role in detoxifying chemical compounds in many living organisms. These enzymes exposed to chemical compounds are as biomarkers, and they have varying degrees of sensitivity to chemical compounds due to biochemical differences in pesticide detoxification. In the study, bioassays were examined by immersing wheat leaves in its insecticidal solution at a temperature of 27±2°C, a relative humidity of 65 ±10% and 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness photoperiod. The sublethal concentrations effect (LC10 and LC30) of thiachlopride and aforia has been evaluated on the life table parameters and the detoxifying enzymes activity of S. graminum. Esterase, glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase activity were measured as detoxifying enzymes. According to the obtained results, the lethal mean concentrations were calculated 212.7 and 203.9 mg (ai) L-1 for aphids exposed to thiacloprid and eforia, respectively. Among the treatments, LC30 concentration was the highest toxicity compared with other treatments. The LC30 concentration effects of both insecticides were significantly increased the induction of beta-esterase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes of S. graminum. Also, the activity of alpha-esterase and acetylcholinesterase did not significant different with increasing sublethal concentrations than control. The results showed that the sublethal concentrations of the two incecticides, thiacloprid and eforia, had a negative effect on the life tables parameters of S. graminum and they can be identified by detoxifying enzymes as biochemical markers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Two-sex life table of Aenasius arizonensis (Hym.: Encyrtidae) reared on Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hem.: Pseudococcidae) in laboratory conditions
M. Fallahzadeh E. Sholesadi Sh. Hesami M. R. HassaniThe solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a serious pest of plants in different regions of the world. This pest was recorded from south of Iran and causes highly damage on urban vegetation in recent years. In present s MoreThe solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a serious pest of plants in different regions of the world. This pest was recorded from south of Iran and causes highly damage on urban vegetation in recent years. In present study, life table parameters of Aenasius arizonensis (Girault, 1915) (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) were studied at laboratory conditions, on 3rd-instar nymphs and young adult females of Ph. solenopsis. Data were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. Results showed that female and male immature periods of A. arizonensis on the 3rd-instar nymphs of Ph. solenopsis were significantly shorter in comparison with the young adult females. Also the fecundity of wasp parasitoid was significantly higher on the 3rd-instar nymphs than that of on the young adult females (170.90 and 150.00 eggs/female) on the 3rd-instar nymphs and young adult females, respectively. According to the results, intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ), gross reproductive rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (R0) and mean generation time (T) were 0.216 day-1, 1.241 day-1, 119.39 offspring/individual, 100.51 offspring/individual and 21.32 days, on the 3rd-instar nymphs and were 0.165 day-1, 1.180 day-1, 92.78 offspring/individual, 76.96 offspring/individual and 26.20 days on the young adult females, respectively. There was significant difference only between the mean intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase and mean generation time. Based on the results, the 3rd-instar nymph of Ph. solenopsis was more suitable host stage for A. arizonensis compare to the young adult females. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Some biological characteristics of Anagyrus mirzai (Hym., Encyrtidae) on Nipaecoccus viridis (Hem., Pseudococcidae) in laboratory conditions
M. Fallahzadeh N. SaghaeiThe spherical mealybug, Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae), is a serious pest of citrus and other cultural and non-cultural plants in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The damage of the pest increased highly on citrus trees in Fars MoreThe spherical mealybug, Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead) (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae), is a serious pest of citrus and other cultural and non-cultural plants in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. The damage of the pest increased highly on citrus trees in Fars province in recent years. High reproductive potential and wide distribution the pest and problems of chemical control have led to a greater need for the use of natural enemies as IPM programs. In present investigation, some biological parameters of the encyrtid wasp Anagyrus mirzai Agarwal & Alam, 1959, including developmental time, longevity, reproductive capacity and sex ratio were studied at laboratory conditions, 27±1.5°C, 60±5% RH and 16:8h L:D, on 18 (3rd-instar nymphs) and 24 days old (young adult females) of N. viridis. The developmental time of female parasitoids within the host was 14.40±0.79 and 13.45±0.52 days in 18 and 24 days old nymphs, respectively. For males, the developmental time was 12.65±0.68 and 12.30±0.87 days, respectively. The mean longevity of female wasps was 14.25±0.78 and 14.70±0.69 days in 18 and 24 days old hosts; for males, this time was 6.40±0.83 and 7.10±0.74 days, respectively. The mean number of offspring per female was 32 and 47 in 18 and 24 d.o. mealybugs. The sex ratio (M/F) of the progeny was 1:1.11 in 18 d.o. and 1:1.33 in 24 d.o. mealybugs. The aggregate percentage of encapsulated eggs in the parasitized 18 d.o. mealybugs was 38.60% and 43.90% in 24 d.o. mealybugs. The percentage of efficient encapsulation was 14.40% and 20.10% in 18 and 21 d.o. mealybugs respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Thermal requirements and population growth parameters of Coccinula elegantula (Col., Coccinellidae), predator of Agonoscena pistaciae (Hem., Psylloidea) in laboratory condition
H. Parish M. R. Mehrnejad M. Fallahzadeh M. BasiratThe common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer is known as the major pest of the pistachio trees, Pistacia vera in Iran. The coccinellid beetle, Coccinula elegantula(Weise) was reported as a predator for A.pistaciae in pistachio orchards. T MoreThe common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer is known as the major pest of the pistachio trees, Pistacia vera in Iran. The coccinellid beetle, Coccinula elegantula(Weise) was reported as a predator for A.pistaciae in pistachio orchards. This study was carried out to determine the thermal constant and lower threshold for the C. elegantula under controlled condition (constant temperature ranged 17.5-35°C, 55±5% r.h. and 16:8 L:D). The mean for each temperature, lower threshold and constant temperature were all calculated from the pooled data of female development time from egg to adult exclusion. The theoretical lower threshold and thermal constant for development estimated. The lower threshold was estimated 11.7 ,14.3 and 14.4 °C for egg ,larva and pupa respectively. The lower threshold for complete development from egg to adult emergence was estimated 14.9 °C. The thermal constant for egg, larva and pupa was estimated 59 ,151.5 and 59.5 degree-days (°D) respectively. The degree-days (°D) required for a generation (egg to adult) was estimated 256.4. In present investigation, life table parameters of C. elegantula was studied in the controlled condition (25±5°C, 55± 5% r.h. and 16:8 L:D) feeding on A. pistaciae using QBASIC program. Based on the results, the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) and finite rate of increase was obtained 0.09 and 0.07 (female/female/day). Doubling time and mean generation time were 7.39, 43.9. Net reproductive rate and gross reproductive rates were 54.85, 39.36. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Study on some biological parameters of Habrobracon hebetor (Hym.: Braconidae) on Ephestia kuehniella (Lep.: Pyralidae) in vitro
F. Karimzadeh J. Shakarami Sh. GoldastehHabrobracon hebetor is one of the most important parasitoid of some agricultural pests such as cotton bollworm and corn stem borers and etc. This natural enemy is mass reared and released in many regions of Iran. Biological parameters of H. hebetor such as percent paras MoreHabrobracon hebetor is one of the most important parasitoid of some agricultural pests such as cotton bollworm and corn stem borers and etc. This natural enemy is mass reared and released in many regions of Iran. Biological parameters of H. hebetor such as percent parasitism, reproduction, male percentage and adult's longevity were investigated in the third, fourth and fifth instar larvae of flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. The experiments were conducted at 26°C, 60±5% humidity and 16:8 light/dark ratio. Also percent parasitism, reproduction and The sex ratio of eight consecutive generations of H. hebetor were evaluated on fifth larval stage of E. kuehniella.The obtained results showed that the highest percentage of parasitism (99.3%), reproduction (63.80 wasps) and adult's longevity (19.40 days) were observed on fifth instar larvae of the flour moth. significant difference was obserred between male percentage of H. hebetor on the third, fourth and fifth instar larvae of flour moth. Also the results showed no significant difference between percentages of parasitism of H. hebetor in eight consecutive generations. The highest (63.95%) and lowest (28.60%) male percentage were observed in first and eighth generation of the parasitoid, respectively. The highest parasitism was observed in the first generation of H. hebetor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - The effects of mulberry leaves enrichment with Asparagine amino acid on biological and economic parameters of silkworm Bombyx mori L.
R. Radjabi R. Ebadi S. Z. MirhoseiniThe effects of mulberry leaves enrichment with Asparagine amino acid biological parameters and economic characters of silkworm Bombyx mori L. were studied in Natanz, Iran. Different concentration of Asparagine treatments including 10, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/ml diluted by MoreThe effects of mulberry leaves enrichment with Asparagine amino acid biological parameters and economic characters of silkworm Bombyx mori L. were studied in Natanz, Iran. Different concentration of Asparagine treatments including 10, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/ml diluted by distilled water. Normal leaves and treated with distilled water were used as controls. Silkworm larvae fed on enriched mulberry leaves, once a day. All biological and economic parameters were measured by using standard techniques in sericulture. Results showed that enrichment of mulberry leaves with Asparagine had not significant effects on biological parameters and economic characters in treatment groups compared with controls. According to the results of this investigation, mulberry leaves enriched with Asparagine amino acid could not increase silk production, therefore the mentioned concentrations are not recommend in Natanz of Isfahan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Effect of some pesticides and plant extracts on survival period and reproductive parameters of, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neu. Chrysopidae)
M. K. Irannejad M. A. SamihFecundity rate of natural enemies changes by sublethal doses of pesticides. In this research side effects of two insecticides, hexaflumuron and pymetrozin and acaricide, spirodiclofen and four plant extracts; Calotropis procera (Willd.) R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae), poleigam MoreFecundity rate of natural enemies changes by sublethal doses of pesticides. In this research side effects of two insecticides, hexaflumuron and pymetrozin and acaricide, spirodiclofen and four plant extracts; Calotropis procera (Willd.) R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae), poleigamander Teucrium polium (Labiatae), Fumaria parviflora Lam. (Fumariaceae) and Thymus vulgaris L. (Labiatae) were evaluated on survival rate and reproductive parameters of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) in controlled condition. For this purpose, 154 fresh eggs and 40 third instar larvae treated by dipping and tapical application method respectively. The life duration of the predator on eggs treated on T. vulgaris, F. parviflora, hexaflumuron, spirodiclofen, pymetrozin, T. polium, C. procera treatments and controlplots (water & Aceton) were 69, 78, 97, 98, 100, 104, 105, 106 days respectively. It showed that the T. vulgaris had the lowest and the C. procera had the highest survival period. Also the maximum survival period of adults belonged toC. procera treatment (83 day)and the minimum to T. vulgaris(47 days).The maximum fecundity of females was519.59 eggs in pymetrozinand the minimum was 231.10 eggs in T. vulgaris. Also the fertility rates were 6.15 and 2.93 egg/female/day for spirodiclofen and T. vulgaris respectively. Extracts of C. procera are the best choices for some IPM programs because of their relative immunity on C. carnea as a biological control agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Study on cold storage biological parameters of Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hym.;Braconidae) in vitro
S. Hajarian Reza Vafaei shoshtari J. shakaramiCotton bollworm and corn stem borers are the most significant pests in the Middle East countries. Habrobracon hebetor is one of the most important parasitoid of some agricultural pests. In this study, we investigate the effect of cold storage on the biological parameter MoreCotton bollworm and corn stem borers are the most significant pests in the Middle East countries. Habrobracon hebetor is one of the most important parasitoid of some agricultural pests. In this study, we investigate the effect of cold storage on the biological parameters of Habrobrac wasp including percentage parasitism, reproduction, male generation in temperature 5 storage on the within 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 days in laboratory condition on the flour moth 30 days Anagasta­ kuehnilla (Zeller) that the experiments were conducted at 26ºc, 60 ± 5 % humidity and 16:8 light\dark ratio. Based on these results, the most percentage parasitism (97.67%), reproduction (28.20 wasps) and adults longevity (7.60 days) were obtained in storage on the within 5 days that show significant difference in comparison with other storages. Also the obtained results show that time saving does not effect on the breeding but mass production of H. hebetor is improved and greatly enhances the performance of this biological agent in pest control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Effects of temperature on calling song parameters of White faced bush cricket, Decticus albifrons (Ensifera: Tettigoniidae)
Sh. Jafari M. H. Kazemi M. Shojaei H. Lotfalizadeh M. Mofidi-NeyestanakMost males of katydids stridulate in mating. Calling song has important role in reproductive successes. In the present work, the stridulatory organ of White faced bush cricket, Decticus albifrons (Fabricius, 1775) was described and an analysis for possible relationship MoreMost males of katydids stridulate in mating. Calling song has important role in reproductive successes. In the present work, the stridulatory organ of White faced bush cricket, Decticus albifrons (Fabricius, 1775) was described and an analysis for possible relationship of song parameters with temperature in range of 18-37°C was provided. The calling song is chirp and consists of short echemes. The file length was 3.74±0.32 mm and composed of 77-91 teeth that there is about 22.46 teeth per mm. The inter-echeme interval, echemes and syllables duration showed inverse relationship with temperature in 18-30°C, whereas the dominant frequency, rate of echemes and syllables increase within this range of temperature. The entire curves were reversed after 30­°C; consequently, this point was determined as the optimal temperature for calling song of D. albifrons. Among song parameters of White faced bush cricket, echemes rates, dominant frequency and inter-echeme interval have significant differences in different temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Influence of different host plants of English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on some life table parameters of ladybird, Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
M. Ghafouri Moghaddam A. Golizadeh M. Hassanpour H. Rafee-Dastjerdi J. RazmjouThe effect of four host plants of English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) including wheat, Triticum aestivum var. Tajan, barley, Hordeum vulgare var. Dasht, corn, Zea mays var. Single cross 704 and sorghum, Sorghum durra var. Speed, on so MoreThe effect of four host plants of English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) including wheat, Triticum aestivum var. Tajan, barley, Hordeum vulgare var. Dasht, corn, Zea mays var. Single cross 704 and sorghum, Sorghum durra var. Speed, on some life table parameters of ladybird, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were evaluated under laboratory conditions at 25±1°C, 65±5% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L: D). The gross fecundity rate and gross fertility rate were 500.50, 447.06, 604.33 and 378.61 eggs/female and the net fecundity rate and net fertility rate were 412.09, 405.60, 538.54 and 309.56 eggs/female on the above-mentioned cultivars, respectively. The highest and lowest value of the net fertility rate was 538.54 and 309.56 eggs/female on corn and sorghum, respectively. Also, the values of daily reproduction rates, number of eggs laid per female per day and mean number of fertile eggs per female per day, varied from 8.20 to 7.72 eggs/female, which was minimum on sorghum and maximum on corn. The life expectancy of one-day-old adults of the H. variegata was estimated 47.90, 43.90, 52.78 and 38.60 days on the above-mentioned cultivars, respectively. The comparison of reproduction parameters of H. variegata on host plants indicated that this predator has higher reproduction potential on corn. However, the results showed that four host plant species of S. avenae were acceptable for the growth, development and reproduction of this predator. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - The effects of sublethal does of pyridalil on life table parameters of the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hym., Braconidae)
Z. Abedi M. Saber Gh. Gharekhani A. MehrvarIn this study, the adult wasps were exposed to fresh residuces of the insecticide. The LC50 value of pyridalil were 2451 ppm. Sublethal effects of pyridalil on life table, reproduction parameters and survivorship of H. hebetor were studied. The survivorship was affected MoreIn this study, the adult wasps were exposed to fresh residuces of the insecticide. The LC50 value of pyridalil were 2451 ppm. Sublethal effects of pyridalil on life table, reproduction parameters and survivorship of H. hebetor were studied. The survivorship was affected by the insecticide. Life expectancy and Mortality rate were not significantly affected but reproduction parameters of H. hebetor was affected bythe insecticide. Mortality of egg and larval stages was significantly affected by the insecticide, but the adult emergence rate was not significantly affected by the pyridalil. Results showed that pyridalil insecticide had less adverse effects on the parasitoid. Field studies aiming to assess efficacy of combined use of insecticide and H. hebetor is needed to obtain more applicable results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - The role of host-plants resistance on development of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep., Plutellidae) in laboratory
M. Jafary J. Karimzadeh H. Farazmand M. R. RezapanahHost-plant resistance is one of the effective and sustainable strategies in pest management programs against diamond-back moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae). In this regard, the effect of host plant type on life-histo MoreHost-plant resistance is one of the effective and sustainable strategies in pest management programs against diamond-back moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae). In this regard, the effect of host plant type on life-history parameters, such as survival and developmental period of P. xylostella was determined under the constant environmental condition. The experiments were carried out with five host plants, including Brassica pekinensis (Chinese cabbage) cv. Hero, B. oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower) cv. Royal, B. oleracea var. capitata (common cabbage) cv. Globe Master and cv. Red Dynasty, and B. napus (rape) cv. SLM046. Batches of 10 neonate P. xylostella larvae were placed on leaf discs within individual Petri dishes (6 cm dia.) containing a moistened filter paper. To prevent starvation of larvae, the leaf discs were replaced every 24 h. Pupae were transferred to Petri dishes and kept until eclosion. Life stage and mortality were recorded every 24 h until all the insects had either died or emerged as adults. Each treatment (plant) was replicated 17 times (in total, 170 host larvae for each plant). The results showed that there were significant differences between host plants for life-history parameters measured. The highest and lowest developmental times (from neonate larva to eclosion) of the host occurred on Red Dynasty (17.3 days) and Hero (10.5 days), respectively. The most survival (from neonate larva to eclosion) of the host was observed on Hero (72%), whereas the least survival happened on Red Dynasty (16%) and SLM046 (20%). The mean pupal weight of the hosts fed on Hero (4.3 mg) was significantly greater than that on Royal (3.8 mg) and Red Dynasty (3.7 mg), which in turn, were significantly greater than that on SLM046 (2.9 mg). These results indicated that Hero was the most susceptible host plant to be attacked by P. xylostella, whereas Red Dynasty and SLM046 were partially resistant compared to other host plants. These findings emphasize on using the partially-resistant varieties such as Red Dynasty and SLM046 in pest management programs against diamondback moth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - اثر سه رقم سویا روی پارامترهای زیستی- باروری سن (Orius albidipennis Rueter (Hem., Anthocoridae به عنوان شکارگر کنه دولکه ای(Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae در شرایط آزمایشگاهی
Sh. Vafaei Sh. Goldasteh A. A. Zamani E. SanatgarIn this study the biological parameters (life table, reproduction, population growth rate) of the predatory bug Orius albidipennis Rueter (Hem., Anthocoridae) were studied on Tetranychus urticae Kochreared on three cultivars of soybean. The experiment was conducted in l MoreIn this study the biological parameters (life table, reproduction, population growth rate) of the predatory bug Orius albidipennis Rueter (Hem., Anthocoridae) were studied on Tetranychus urticae Kochreared on three cultivars of soybean. The experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions at 251oC, % 655 R.H and a photoperiod of 16:8 hours (L:D). There were no significant differences between mean incubation period and mean preimaginal developmental times on three cultivars of soybean. On three soybean cultivars, the females develpopmental time were higher than males. Net reproducation rate (R0), the intrinsic rate of increase (Rm), finite rate of increase (), mean generation time (T) and doubling time (DT) calculated for O. albidipennis were respectivety 3, 7.14, 0.08, 1.09, 22.44 and 7.89 on Gorgan, 9.68, 0.09, 1.10, 22.87 and 6.96 on DPX, 3.65, 0.05, 1.05, 22.30 and 11.88 on Williams. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Investigating The Effect Of Silicon And Its Formulations on Biological Parameters And Density Of Tetranychus Urticae On Five Bean Varieties
H. Rezaei Shila Goldasteh Elham Sanatgar A. NickpeyThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silicon and its formulations on biological parameters and Tetranychus urticae sphincter density on five bean cultivars. The research is a laboratory study that was carried out in a factorial design (first factor Bea MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silicon and its formulations on biological parameters and Tetranychus urticae sphincter density on five bean cultivars. The research is a laboratory study that was carried out in a factorial design (first factor Bean cultivar and second type of silicone consumed). The tested bean cultivars consist of five varieties of red bean, black bean, white, black and white beans. For the experiment, for each bean variety, 20 pots are considered (totally 100 pots). The silicon compounds used in the experiments include silicone fluid fertilizer, liquid potassium silicate, powder calcium silicate. From each of 20 pots of a bean cultivar, 5 pots were considered as controls, and 5 pots of liquid potassium silicate, 5 pots of powdered calcium silicate and finally on the last 5 pots of liquid fertilizer based on silicon. . Then 10 leaves of each pot are placed in a petri dish and placed on the leaves of 50 equally male and female mats, and the petri dishes are incubated at 25 ± 5 ° C and The relative humidity was 60 ± 10%. Then, in 18 days, the number of adult mites on the back and back of each leaf of each petri and the number of eggs on the back and back of them were counted with anatomical microscope, and the biological parameters and survival percentage of each stage of growth The available varieties of each bean variety were studied under a special silicone composition until the death of the last mite. SPSS-23 software was used for data analysis and Excel charts were used to draw tables charts. The results indicate that the most effective use of silicon and formulations in bean breeding, including siliciculous liquid fertilizer, liquid potassium silicate, powdered calcium silicate, has been shown to decrease the survival or survival ratio and life expectancy and decrease Turning eggs into larvae, and turning larvae into nymphs, and turning nymphs into mites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Determine folding mechanism of Lali structure, northern Dezful, Zagros, Iran
Gholamreza Asgari Farzin Ghaemi Bahman Soleimany Behnam Rahimi Mehrdad Maleki -
Open Access Article
145 - Tectonic geomorphology assessment of neotectonics in the north of Damghan region, Alborz mountain belt, Northern Iran
Mersana Keshavarz Farzin Ghaemi Ali Faghih Mostafa Ghanadian -
Open Access Article
146 - Optimization of Mechanization of Tillage and Soybean Cultivation Operations Using Taguchi Approach
Samira Nematzadeh Tarahom Mesri Gondoshmian Mohammad Sadegh Besharati Moghadam Mousa AzadThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of different tillage methods, different levels of previous crop residues and different cultivars of soybean on yield and yield components of this plant. This experiment was conducted in the form of a factorial design wi MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of different tillage methods, different levels of previous crop residues and different cultivars of soybean on yield and yield components of this plant. This experiment was conducted in the form of a factorial design with a completely randomized block base with three replications and during the growing season of 1399-1400 in one of the farms of Moghan Agriculture and Industry and Livestock Company located in the northeast of Ardabil province. In this study, two types of tillage systems (conventional and non-tillage) and two levels of wheat crop residues (complete and no residues) on the yield of two types of soybeans (Williams cultivar and L17 cultivar) were evaluated. The results of the effect of the mentioned systems on plant height, number of plants, 1000-seed weight, crop yield, percentage of protein and fat of soybean showed that the type of tillage had the most effect and the amount of residues had the least effect on the mentioned parameters. According to the results of the study of the effect of different tillage systems, the amount of residues and the type of plant planted on the agronomic characteristics of soybean at different levels can be expressed that by planting cultivar L17 cultivar soybean The highest crop yield can be achieved with conventional tillage method and complete amount of previous crop residues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Kinetics and biochemical characterization of silver nanozymes and investigating impact of storage conditions on their activity and shelf-life
Saeed Reza Hormozi Jangi Zahra DehghaniIn this contribution, bare silver nanozymes were synthesized by a simple method, and their optical properties, size, morphology, crystalline structure, and nanozymatic behavior were evaluated. The as-prepared nanozymes reveal a specific activity as high as 5.02 μM mi MoreIn this contribution, bare silver nanozymes were synthesized by a simple method, and their optical properties, size, morphology, crystalline structure, and nanozymatic behavior were evaluated. The as-prepared nanozymes reveal a specific activity as high as 5.02 μM min-1, therefore, their biochemical characterization was performed to investigate their stability against environmental changes such as pH and temperature variations, revealing maximum nanozyme activity over pH range of 3.5-4.5 at 25-30 ℃. Thereafter, the impact of the storage conditions on the nanozyme activity and shelf-life were investigated, revealing that the activity of the as-prepared nanozymes was retained at about 75% and 63% after exposing to light and air oxygen for 7 days, respectively. Besides, based on kinetics studies, Km, and Vmax of these nanozymes were calculated as 0.05 mM and 113.6 nM sec-1, in turn, revealing their high nanozyme activity and catalytic efficiency. Finally, the shelf-life (storage stability) of the as-prepared nanozymes was investigated under common storage conditions (i.e. 4°C in the dark), revealing that 96% of the initial activity of nanozymes was saved after 10 days of storage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Assess Effect of Biological Phosphorous Fertilizers and Micro Elements (Boron and Manganese) on Alfalfa Growth Curve Indices
Maryam Khirkhah Hamid Madani Ghorban Normohammadi Mani Mojadam -
Open Access Article
149 - Assessment the Effect of Water Stress and Calcium Silicate on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield in North of Iran
Alireza Daneshmand Alireza Safahani -
Open Access Article
150 - The electrical and structural study of interaction HCN gas with SiCNTs: A DFT approach
M. Rezaei Sameti S Taghizadeh Najaf Abad E Shiravand K Abdoli -
Open Access Article
151 - Calixarene Drug deleivery invistegation of Calixarene compounds with conection by histidine L and D stereochemistry
Hooriye Yahyaei Neda Hasanzadeh -
Open Access Article
152 - بررسی کارایی سیستمهای تصفیه آب خانگی در شهر اهواز،1392
محسن بیات زاده مریم محمدی روزبهانی رویا زکاوتیدسترسی به آب سالم از ابعاد فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیک از نیاز های اساسی و اولیه بشر می باشد. کیفیت شیمیایی آب آشامیدنی تاثیر به سزایی در سلامتی مردم دارد. این تحقیق مطالعه ای توصیفی - مقطعی است که به مدت 8 ماه در بازه زمانی زمستان 91 و بهار و تابستان 92 به انجام ر Moreدسترسی به آب سالم از ابعاد فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیک از نیاز های اساسی و اولیه بشر می باشد. کیفیت شیمیایی آب آشامیدنی تاثیر به سزایی در سلامتی مردم دارد. این تحقیق مطالعه ای توصیفی - مقطعی است که به مدت 8 ماه در بازه زمانی زمستان 91 و بهار و تابستان 92 به انجام رسید. ابتدا با تهیه و تنظیم پرسشنامه ، اطلاعاتی در رابطه با میزان استفاده ، نوع و کارکرد سیستم های تصفیه خانگی جمع آوری گردید، سپس از 20 دستگاه تصفیه آب خانگی نمونه برداری به عمل آمد. نمونه ها جهت بررسی پارامترهای اکسیژن محلول، هدایت الکتریکی، اسیدیته، کل جامدات محلول، سختی کل، فلوراید، نیترات، کلراید و همچنین بررسی آلودگی میکروبی آب بر اساس دستور العمل ارائه شده در آخرین چاپ کتاب استاندارد متد (2012) ، مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. انجام نمونه برداری ها در 5 منطقه مختلف شهر اهواز که تحت پوشش 5 تصفیه خانه شهر قرار دارند به انجام رسید. میانگین پارامتر های کیفی اسیدیته، هدایت الکتریکی ،کل جامدات محلول ، اکسیژن محلول، سختی کل، فلوراید، کلراید، نیترات و میانگین مقادیر MPN به ترتیب در حدود 26/8، (cm/mhoµ )37/338، (mg/l)61/163، (mg/l) 76/2، (mg/l) 4/78، (mg/l)08/0، (mg/l)84/55 ، (mg/l) 577/0 و (ml 100 index) 39/5 اندازهگیری شده اند. نتایج نشان داد که سیستم های تصفیه برخی از پارامتر ها مانند pH و EC را در حد مطلوب استاندارد آب آشامیدن تصفیه کرده اند ولی منجر به کاهش شدید مقادیر سایر پارامتر های TDS، DO، سختی کل، کلراید، فلوراید و نیترات به زیر حد استاندارد آب آشامیدنی، شده اند و در کاهش آلودگی میکروبی بدون تاثیر بوده اند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - مقایسه روشهای یک نقطهای و دو نقطهای در برآورد پارامترهای نفوذ در آبیاری جویچهای
جواد جعفری فرشید تاران رضا دلیر حسن نیا امیر حسین ناظمینفوذ یکی از مهم­ترین پارامترهای هیدرولیکی مؤثر در آبیاری سطحی و از مشکل­ترین پارامترهای قابل تعیین در مزرعه می­باشد. معادلات نفوذ در تشریح هیدرولیک جریان و طراحی سیستم­های آبیاری سطحی به کار می­روند. اما تعیین پارامترهای این معادلات مستلزم وقت و هزین Moreنفوذ یکی از مهم­ترین پارامترهای هیدرولیکی مؤثر در آبیاری سطحی و از مشکل­ترین پارامترهای قابل تعیین در مزرعه می­باشد. معادلات نفوذ در تشریح هیدرولیک جریان و طراحی سیستم­های آبیاری سطحی به کار می­روند. اما تعیین پارامترهای این معادلات مستلزم وقت و هزینه زیادی است و به این منظور معمولاً از روش­های تخمین این پارامترها استفاده می­شود. در این مطالعه برای به دست آوردن پارامترهای معادله نفوذ از سه روش ورودی-خروجی به عنوان مبنا و روش­های یک نقطه­ای شپارد و همکاران و دو نقطه­ای الیوت و واکر استفاده شد و دقت دو روش یک نقطه­ای شپارد و همکاران و دو نقطه ای الیوت و واکر در تخمین حجم آب نفوذ یافته ارزیابی گردید. به این منظور از داده­های مربوط به دو مزرعه­C1201 و E201 کشت و صنعت هفت تپه با سیستم آبیاری جویچه­ای و در شرایط مختلف مزرعه­ای با طول و دبی­های ورودی متفاوت استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که روش دو نقطه­ای الیوت و واکر در تخمین نفوذ تجمعی با خطای نسبی 08/8 درصد برای مزرعه C1201 و خطای نسبی 85/12 درصد برای مزرعه E201 دارای دقت بیشتری نسبت به روش یک نقطه­ای شپارد و همکاران بود. همچنین این روش در تعیین مرحله پیشروی با خطای نسبی 03/4 درصد برای مزرعه C1201 و 41/6 درصد برای مزرعه E201 دارای بیشترین دقت بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - A look at meters in Rudaki’s poetry
Seyyed As‟ad Sheikh AhmadiAbu „Abdollah Ja‟far Ben Mohammad Rudaki is one of the rare celebrated literary poets. Owing to the fact that he was very efficient in persian literarure. Among those poems that belongs to him not more than a Thousand co MoreAbu „Abdollah Ja‟far Ben Mohammad Rudaki is one of the rare celebrated literary poets. Owing to the fact that he was very efficient in persian literarure. Among those poems that belongs to him not more than a Thousand couplets remained. The study of his poems shows his skill and important position in poetry. This essay examines and analyzes the metrical and prosodic charactristic of Rudaki‟s poetry in cluding four sections and the result of this research is prepared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Evaluating effect of material heterogeneity constants on stress intensity factors in the functional grated piezoelectric plate by using meshless local Petrov-Galerkin method (MLPG)
Mohammad Moaddel shahram shahrooi -
Open Access Article
156 - Investigation of parameters affecting mercury distribution and mobility in water resources and sediments of Sefid Rud river
fatemeh Elmi Morteza RazmaraIn order to study mercury contamination and the factors controlling its distribution in Sefidrud basin, 344 sampels were collected from river sediments, surface and ground waters. Water samples were analyzed for determining Hg concentration and physicochemical parameter MoreIn order to study mercury contamination and the factors controlling its distribution in Sefidrud basin, 344 sampels were collected from river sediments, surface and ground waters. Water samples were analyzed for determining Hg concentration and physicochemical parameters such as pH, TDS, temperature, DO, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Sediment samples also analyzed for Hg, Al, Fe and Mn concentration. The correlation coefficient showed positive and negative relationships among the parameters. An appreciable significant correlation was found among TDS, pH, DO and the amount of rainfall with mercury in surface water (river), while the most correlated parameters with mercury in groundwater, were rainfall, TDS and temperature. Using distribution map of mercury in sediment and surface waters indicated that Hg trends in sediment and surface waters (except for kiashahr station) are opposite to each other. The results also showed that, Fe, Al and Mn play an important role in reducing the concentration of mercury in water samples, while the behavior of sediments for mercury absorption is strongly depended on the physicochemical properties of water. Therefore, the distribution of mercury in the Sefid rud basin is largely influenced by parameters such as rainfall, sediment composition and physicochemical properties of water (specially TDS, pH and DO). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Impacts of Macro-Scale Parameters on Siminehrood River Basin
Farshid BostanManesh Sadegh Partani Rohollah NoriMacro scale parameters (e.g. Land use, population density, geology and erosion etc.) have been considered as macro scale indicators (MSIs) to estimate the water quality in river. The effects of MSIs on water quality variables (that here in after call as micro scale vari MoreMacro scale parameters (e.g. Land use, population density, geology and erosion etc.) have been considered as macro scale indicators (MSIs) to estimate the water quality in river. The effects of MSIs on water quality variables (that here in after call as micro scale variables / MSVs) were investigated through multivariate statistical analysis (MVA). Several MVA employed to find out, validation and verification of interaction effects in screening steep wise stages. The analysis was applied to in situ and laboratory measured data. The sampling process had been carried out on 15 stations, in three stages, in Siminehrood River. The Siminehrood River is located in north-west of Iran as one of important rivers which is terminated to Uremia Lake. MSVs includes all NSF variables. Results demonstrated the high resolution interaction between MSPs and MSVs. the results declared a dramatic relation between dry farming/irrigated farming and PO4,TDS and Turbidity. Urban land use and first level erosion we considered as effective MSPs on BOD5, EC and TDS. High ranked pollution category of geological layer is detected as one of effective MSPs on PO4 and physical water quality variables. The results led the research to the MSPs estimating river water quality in comparative water quality studies in different river basins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Back analysis of Qazvin – Rasht tunnel using instrumentation data
Kambiz Hedayatnasab Ahmad Adib Kamran Goshtasbi Masoud MonjeziVarious types of numerical analyses such as the finite element method, the boundary element method and thedistinct element method, are used in rock mechanics and in engineering practices for designing rock structuressuch as tunnels, underground caverns, slopes, dam foun MoreVarious types of numerical analyses such as the finite element method, the boundary element method and thedistinct element method, are used in rock mechanics and in engineering practices for designing rock structuressuch as tunnels, underground caverns, slopes, dam foundations and so on. In this paper, the results of backanalysis of Koohin tunnel which is located in the first section of Qazvin – Rasht railway have been presented.The main purpose of this paper is to perform the back analysis of the mentioned!tunnel with the use of numericalmodels. For modeling the tunnel, two different sections are analyzed with Flac 2-D software, which are 30+150and 30+900. To perform back analysis the suitable interval of geomechanical parameters according to the testswhich performed on the core drillings has been determined. With the use of Direct Method in back analysis, theerrors of models have been corrected in several steps and finally the geomechanical parameters of control in30+150 station (Elastic Modules = 0.3 GPa, Cohesion = 0.21 MPa & Internal Angle of Friction = 34°) and in30+900 station (Elastic Modules = 0.3 GPa, Cohesion = 0.21 MPa & Internal Angle of Friction = 35°) have beenachieved. The geomechanical parameters which achieved from back analysis are completely in the choseninterval and compliance with the results of tests which performed on core drillings. On this basis and accordingto the match of the geomechanical parameters which obtained from back analysis with the parameters whichused in designing of the tunnel, the tunnel design and the structure method were confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Comparative survey on Physico-Chemical parameters of underground waters in Malard county villages with the use of GWQI index and studying the trend of their changes in GIS system
Parisa Mahmoodpour Moteshakker Amirhesam Hasani Ali Torabian Reza poorrajabFactors such as atmospheric precipitation reduction, inefficient agricultural methods, the threat of water resources from pollutants, etc. have all resulted in water supply issue confronting two challenges of quality and quantity in relation with aquifers. Similarly, in MoreFactors such as atmospheric precipitation reduction, inefficient agricultural methods, the threat of water resources from pollutants, etc. have all resulted in water supply issue confronting two challenges of quality and quantity in relation with aquifers. Similarly, in Malard county, underground water aquifers are the primary source of water supply. The information of physiochemical parameters of water samples of 9 water wells in Malard County during two drought and wet periods in the year 1396 have been collected. The objective of this study is the qualitative modeling of underground water and the calculation of GWQI index in the GIS system, and comparison. The findings showed that the quality of underground water from east to west, and from northeast to southwest confronts increment in physicochemical parameters because of the situation of the wells' depth, underground water scarcity, the decrease of earth self-purification, and bedrock lift as geological and hydrological factors as well as human factors entering the aquifers. This issue is more serious in Dehak Qeshlaq and Sharifabad counties. Considering the appropriate self-purification condition in Khoshnam County, this area can be introduced as a safe region. Moreover, a meaningful relation has been obtained between the outcomes resulted from GIS and GWQI. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Effect of environmental geology impacts on quality and quantity of aquifers (case study: groundwater reservoirs in Akhtarabad village, Malard county)
Farnaz Ghasemi Lobat TaghaviIn this work, the collected database of 6 wells (longitude, latitude), was surveyed in the season of winter 1394 and summer 1395, then sampling and physicochemical analysis of samples and the quality and quantity of reservoirs zoning in GIS were proceeding r MoreIn this work, the collected database of 6 wells (longitude, latitude), was surveyed in the season of winter 1394 and summer 1395, then sampling and physicochemical analysis of samples and the quality and quantity of reservoirs zoning in GIS were proceeding respectively. The surveyed wells named Gomorkan No. 1 & No. 2& No. 3 and Akhtarabad situated in the eastern north of the Akhtarabad and Goybelagh No, 2 & No, 3 , Goybelagh dakin situated in the western north of the Akhtarabad in the Malard county. 11 of the physicochemical parameters were studied in the indicated wells (pH, Electrical Conductivity EC, Total Dissolved Solids TDS, Total Hardness TH, Cat ions and Anions) and was determined affected environmental geology on the mentioned parameters. The findings show, EC and TDS and the elements of Na and SO4 as results, were higher than WHO standards in all of the Gomorkans and Akhtarabad and Goybelagh 3 & Goybelagh dakin wells. The element of F is lower than WHO standards in the same wells. Totally, all of the mentioned wells that were situated in the Akhtarabad region, have been classified in the medium area for drinking usages according to plotted Schoeller diagrams. In spite of This area was impressed by geology impacts that lead to increasing EC & TDS of water reservoirs and decreasing water drinking quality, there is strongly the potential for finding better quality in underground water reservoirs and more aquifers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Estimation of Bojnourd aquifer hydraulic parameters using vertical electrical sounding (VES) data
Majid Altafi dadgar Hossein Mohammadzade Rouh al amin BahramiAssessment of aquifer hydraulic parameters (K, T) is very important in groundwater resource management andappropriate decision making. Analysis of pumping test data is the most common and useful method to evaluateaquifer hydraulic parameters. However, this method requir MoreAssessment of aquifer hydraulic parameters (K, T) is very important in groundwater resource management andappropriate decision making. Analysis of pumping test data is the most common and useful method to evaluateaquifer hydraulic parameters. However, this method requires specific condition to do and it is a time consumingprocess with relatively high costs. Combination of geo electrical data with hydrogeological measurements willdecrease the costs somehow. In this study, 66 vertical electrical soundings (VES) with Schlumberger array wereperformed in Bojnourd plain and 26 of them were selected to determine the aquifer hydraulic parameters.The real resistance and the thickness of subsurface layers were determined by processing the field data using IPIsoftware and with respect to well logs. Using sounding data, which were performed in the vicinity of pumpingtest wells, and measured water resistivity data for these wells, the corrected transverse resistance and thentransmissivites were calculated, which has acceptable correlation with obtained transmissivites from pumpingtest analysis( T = 0.503 × R_T^′ - 143.6). In addition, the hydraulic conductivities were determined usingformation factor obtained from water quality data (K = 0.02 × F^3.292). Finaly, both iso-K and iso-T maps forBojnourd plain were illustrated using ArcGIS. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Evaluation of river–aquifer interaction using physicochemical parameters, Case study: the north part of Dezful – Andimeshk district
Mohammad Faryabi Manochehr ChitsazanDetermination of the hydraulic interaction between the rivers and groundwater, as the most significant water resources in arid and semi-arid regions, attracted a great attention recently. In recent years, several methods have been used for the study of these water excha MoreDetermination of the hydraulic interaction between the rivers and groundwater, as the most significant water resources in arid and semi-arid regions, attracted a great attention recently. In recent years, several methods have been used for the study of these water exchanges such as seepage meters, minipiezometers, temperature data loggers and the study of the physicochemical parameters. The Dez River that is the third largest river in Iran also is one of the important surface water resources in the northern part of Khuzestan province. In this research, the water physicochemical parameters were used to assessment of the interaction between the Dez River and aquifer in the north part of Dezful-Andimeshk district. To this purpose, the temporal and spatial variations of river and groundwater quality parameters have been studied. The physicochemical analysis results of the river and quality monitoring wells have been used for the temporal assessments of river-aquifer interaction. For spatial assessment of the river-aquifer interaction, 69 groundwater samples were collected from the abstraction wells. Hydrochemical diagrams such Piper and composition diagrams along with some statistical methods such as Cluster Analysis were applied to the interpretation of the results of the water samples analysis. Also, the PRO-GRADE computer code was used for evaluation of the achieved results. The results of this study show that the Dez River has a losing nature and its recharge water in to the underlying groundwater body can enhance the quality of the groundwater in the study area. The measured nitrate concentration of river and groundwater also shows the positive role of river infiltrated water on the groundwater quality Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Effect of some usual insecticides on Chrysoperla carnea Stephens under labratory conditions
manizheh ma.jamshidi@yahoo.com Masoud Taghizadeh Sajad Fouladi AzarChemical control and biological control are an important part of integrated pest management (IPM). Insecticides affect the physiology or behavior of insects, posing risks to non-target organisms. The green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea which is the best predator natural MoreChemical control and biological control are an important part of integrated pest management (IPM). Insecticides affect the physiology or behavior of insects, posing risks to non-target organisms. The green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea which is the best predator natural enemies to control pests on farms, orchards and forests of the country widely perceived to be in nature and play an important role in preventing the rapid proliferation of pests and shall have the vital balance The green lacewing most attention as a promising biological control agent released against pests in greenhouses, farms and gardens has attracted. In this study, the effects of sublethal doses of Primicarb, Imidacloprid and Oxydemetonmethyl against Chrysopa carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) were determined and compared. The results showed that these insecticides at LC30 had significant effect on the stable population parameters. Intrinsic rate of population increase (r) values for control‚ Primicarb, Imidacloprid and Oxydemetonmethyl were 0.142‚ 0.141‚ 0.140 and 0.134 (day-1), respectively. According to our results, there was significant differences in Imidacloprid and Oxydemetonmethyl rate of population increase (P≤0.5) compared to the control; also, three insecticides had significant effect on survival rate and life expectancy compared to control. These results provided that Primicarb had lower toxicity on Chrysopa carnea but theoretical basis for the rational use of Imidacloprid and Oxydemetonmethyl insecticides and the utilization and protection of C. carnea Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Effect of some commen insecticides on Chrysoperla carnea Stephens under labratory conditions
Sajad Fouladi Azar manizheh ma.jamshidi@yahoo.com Masoud TaghizadehChemical control and biological control are an important part of integrated pest management (IPM). Insecticides affect the physiology or behavior of insects, posing risks to non-target organisms. The green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea which is the best predator natural MoreChemical control and biological control are an important part of integrated pest management (IPM). Insecticides affect the physiology or behavior of insects, posing risks to non-target organisms. The green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea which is the best predator natural enemies to control pests on farms, orchards and forests of the country widely perceived to be in nature and play an important role in preventing the rapid proliferation of pests and shall have the vital balance The green lacewing most attention as a promising biological control agent released against pests in greenhouses, farms and gardens has attracted. In this study, the effects of sublethal doses of Primicarb, Imidacloprid and Oxydemetonmethyl against Chrysopa carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) were determined and compared. The results showed that these insecticides at LC30 had significant effect on the stable population parameters. Intrinsic rate of population increase (r) values for control‚ Primicarb, Imidacloprid and Oxydemetonmethyl were 0.142‚ 0.141‚ 0.140 and 0.134 (day-1), respectively. According to our results, there was significant differences in Imidacloprid and Oxydemetonmethyl rate of population increase (P≤0.5) compared to the control; also, three insecticides had significant effect on survival rate and life expectancy compared to control. These results provided that Primicarb had lower toxicity on C. carnea but theoretical basis for the rational use of Imidacloprid and Oxydemetonmethyl insecticides and the utilization and protection of C. carnea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Comparison of virulence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum isolates from different regions of Iran and their impact on vegetative growth of cucumber
Farzaneh Lak payman kermani Seyed Habib ShojaeiFusarium wilt on cucumber caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum is an important and common disease of cucumber in Iran. In this study, differences of pathogenicity between several isolates and their impact were assessed on the plant growth parameters. MoreFusarium wilt on cucumber caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum is an important and common disease of cucumber in Iran. In this study, differences of pathogenicity between several isolates and their impact were assessed on the plant growth parameters. The pathogenicity of 50 isolates collected from cucumber plants with wilting and yellowing symptoms from different geographic areas of Iran, were examined on cucumber, Negin cultivar. The inoculated and control plants were placed at 25°C for 14 days. Disease severity and the weight of root and crown were measured 10 days post-inoculation. Studied factors showed significant difference at 1% level among isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum. The maximum percentage of disease was observed in plants treated by F-111-2, F-133-2 and H8; while the highest disease severity induced in plants treated by F-111-2, F-160-12 and F-111-5. F-111-5, F-160-12 and F-121-4 incited the most decrease in root weight. The crown weight decrease in the presence of F-160-12, F-121-4 and F-111-10 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum correspondingly. Totally, due to the results, it could be concluded that f-160-12 can be considered as the most severe pathogenic isolate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Extrusion Technology and its Application in the Food Industry: A Review Paper
Fariba Abedi Ardakani Mohammad Reza EshaghiWaste generated in food processing has led to environmental concerns, while many of these wastes have significant nutritional value. On the other hand, lifestyle changes, the tendency to consume ready-to-eat, ready-to-cook foods with nutritional value have increased. Ex MoreWaste generated in food processing has led to environmental concerns, while many of these wastes have significant nutritional value. On the other hand, lifestyle changes, the tendency to consume ready-to-eat, ready-to-cook foods with nutritional value have increased. Extrusion is one of the advanced technologies that has played a significant role in reducing agricultural waste and improving its added value. The extrusion process uses mixing, shaping, forming, and cooking to produce a new food product. This technology is widely used in the production of human products, food waste processing, and animal feed. The advantages of extruded products contains high variety, high quality, low processing time, cost-effectiveness, low humidity, long shelf life, and less pollution. Important parameters of extrusion processing such as cutting speed, temperature, and water content are all factors that play a role in the nutritional value of extruded products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Review of damage detection methods based on modal parameters
Ehsan Jamshidi Bahram Jamshidi Fatemeh Taghi Khaki Alireza ArghavanOne of the common methods of structural damage detections and identification of location and severity of the damage in structures is investigation of changes in modal parameters before and after damage. These methods which are mostly based on optimization techniques use MoreOne of the common methods of structural damage detections and identification of location and severity of the damage in structures is investigation of changes in modal parameters before and after damage. These methods which are mostly based on optimization techniques use an objective function based on natural frequencies and mode shapes. This paper reviews previous researches in damage detection techniques based on modal parameters and common objective functions used in the optimization stage in the damage detection process. To this end, damage detection methods based on natural frequency, mode shape, curvature mode shape and both of mode shape and natural frequency are reviewed. In the following, due to high importance of objective function in the damage detection process, objective functions based on modal assurance criterion, flexibility matrix and natural frequency and mode shapes are compared Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Effect of crack location and severity on modal parameters of a cantilever beam
Ehsan Jamshidi Bahram Jamshidi Fatemeh Taghi Khaki Alireza ArghavanOne of the common methods of structural damage detections in structures is investigation of changes in modal parameters before and after damage. These methods which are mostly based on optimization techniques use an objective function based on natural frequencies and mo MoreOne of the common methods of structural damage detections in structures is investigation of changes in modal parameters before and after damage. These methods which are mostly based on optimization techniques use an objective function based on natural frequencies and mode shapes. Success in detection of location and severity of the damage in these methods is severely a function of sensitivity of the objective function to the damage. As the objective function itself is function of natural frequencies or mode shapes or both of them, it is necessary that the sensitivity of modal parameters to damage location and severity is investigated. To this end, a cantilever beam is simulated numerically in this paper. Changing the location and severity of the damage, the effect of them on natural frequencies and mode shapes is studied. The results show that by increasing damage severity, natural frequencies decrease. On the other hand, moving the crack from the fix end to the free end of the cantilever beam, changes in the natural frequencies does not obey a specific pattern and for a crack of constant severity, decrement of natural frequencies from intact beam depends on the location of crack on the beam. Also it is observed that as the cracks approaches to the fix end, decrement of natural frequencies increased. The results show that the sensitivity of mode shapes to crack is low in beam. Therefore it is recommended to use natural frequencies or both natural frequencies and mode shapes together in objective functions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - A Comparative study of common objective functions based on modal parameters in structural damage detection
Ehsan Jamshidi Bahram Jamshidi Fatemeh Taghi Khaki Alireza ArghavanChoosing appropriate objective function is necessary for detection of damage location and severity. To this end, objective functions based on modal parameters such as mode shapes and natural frequencies are combined with other objective functions capable to detect damag MoreChoosing appropriate objective function is necessary for detection of damage location and severity. To this end, objective functions based on modal parameters such as mode shapes and natural frequencies are combined with other objective functions capable to detect damage location. Then the location and severity of damage is obtained using optimization techniques. In this paper a cantilever beam is simulated numerically in MATLAB software using finite element method and then single and multi-objective genetic algorithms with different objective functions based on modal parameters are used to detect damage location and severity. To compare different objective functions, the effect of coordinate incompleteness, frequency range of interest and also environmental noise on the obtained results is studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Investigation on effect of die geometric parameters on equal channel angular extrusion of bulk nanostructured magnesium alloy AZ31
Mohammad Farzanfar Ali Heidari Mohsen Loh-mousaviIn this study, the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) of magnesium alloy AZ31 was simulated using 3D FEM by Abaqus software. The results show an appropriate agreement between the research results and the analytical relationships, experimental and numerical results o MoreIn this study, the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) of magnesium alloy AZ31 was simulated using 3D FEM by Abaqus software. The results show an appropriate agreement between the research results and the analytical relationships, experimental and numerical results of other researchers. Also, the forming force, strain, nano quality and workpiece behavior during the process were investigated. The results indicate that in the part of the workpiece that is at the channel angle side, better microstructure is formed. Also, the effect of die geometric parameters showed that the channel angle has a great impact on the effective plastic strain and forming force. By increasing the channel angle, the effective plastic strain and the forming force decreases. But the corner angle of the die does not have much effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Review of the Parameters Influence of Incremental Forming Between 1960 and 2019
Mojtaba Hasanlu sina mokarySheet metal forming (SMF) is the most important metal forming areas which is used in various industries. SMF is formed by integrated rigid molds, due to happen desired plastic deformation in raw material. Those molds which are drawn and fabricated for one component has MoreSheet metal forming (SMF) is the most important metal forming areas which is used in various industries. SMF is formed by integrated rigid molds, due to happen desired plastic deformation in raw material. Those molds which are drawn and fabricated for one component has specific geometry characteristics. But for production of various shapes, we need to use different molds.so, It is not suitable and economical method for manufacturing decreasing costs such as waiting time, design, developing and production, there is flexible method which is named incremental forming (IF). IF can cover many restrictions and problems. In last decades, IF is noticed by many engineers and researchers because IF is modern method in SMF. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Investigation of accumulation and pollution of heavy metals (mercury, lead, nickel and vanadium) related to oil and petrochemical industries in mud and sandy sediments in the Creek of Mahshar
samira esmaili Mahnaz sadat sadeghi mozhgan emtyazjooPollution of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals is one of the global problems in developed countries. In this study, we investigated the concentrations of heavy metals nickel, lead, mercury and vanadium by sampling sediments using Vane Veen Grab at depths of 5, 10 and MorePollution of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals is one of the global problems in developed countries. In this study, we investigated the concentrations of heavy metals nickel, lead, mercury and vanadium by sampling sediments using Vane Veen Grab at depths of 5, 10 and 15 meters from 4 stations including estuary Musa, Ahmadi, Ghazaleh and Ghanam in the port. Imam Khomeini was paid in 1396. Based on the results of this study, it was found that the average concentration of metals in different stations 38.79 to 64.17 for nickel, 2.23 to 13.18 for lead, 0.87 to 8.12 for mercury and 39.32 to 62.26 μg / g was obtained for vanadium. The results of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the concentration of metals in different stations was significantly different (P <0.05), the highest concentration was related to nickel and the lowest was related to mercury.. The results of ANOVA test showed that the concentration of metals was significantly different in sediment particles (P <0.05). The highest concentration of metals was observed in clay particles. There was no significant difference between metal concentrations at different depths (P> 0.05). Igeo was calculated to evaluate the level of metal pollution and based on this index, it was determined that Musa and Ahmadi estuaries are contaminated with respect to all metals, Ghazaleh estuary with respect to mercury and nickel, but Ghanam estuary is not contaminated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Investigating the physicochemical conditions of the Caspian Sea water in Sisangan region for setting up a Salmon breeding farm in a cage
Omidreza Touni Nooshin Sajjadi Farhad Moosakhani Rooholah MahmoudkhaniIntroduction: In general, increasing the production and exploitation of aquatic animals in the aquatic ecosystem without considering its relationship and balance with other parts of the ecosystem causes a wrong assessment of the real cost and benefits of these services MoreIntroduction: In general, increasing the production and exploitation of aquatic animals in the aquatic ecosystem without considering its relationship and balance with other parts of the ecosystem causes a wrong assessment of the real cost and benefits of these services to the environment and society, and in the future will have negative effects. The activities carried out in the aquaculture industry lead to a decrease in the quality of water and as a result the chemical balance in water is disturbed. On the other hand, the increase in metabolic activity in aquatic animals intensifies those effects. In the aquaculture industry, attention should be paid to quality control and monitoring methods. Knowing the basic conditions of the desired water body for the construction of breeding farms and predicting the future situation of the region based on the effluents entering is very necessary.Aim: In this study, the physicochemical conditions of Sisangan region were investigated for setting up a fish farm.Materials and Methods: In order to determine the state of sea water quality, water sample collected for one period to analyze pollution and physicochemical variables. After determining of the variables, the TRIX trophic index was calculated and the trophic conditions of the area were determined.Results: Measuring the physical parameters of water from 5 to 15 meters depth showed that the variables of temperature, electrical conductivity, salinity, oxygen and pH do not change much along the depth. The measurement of nutrients indicated that the total nitrogen in the sea in the study area varies from less than 0.1 mg/liter to 2.5 mg/liter. The amount of total phosphorus in the study range varies from less than the measuring limit of the device 0.003 mg/liter to 0.007 mg/liter. According to the measurements made in these studies, the result of calculating the TRIX index is an average numerical value of 2.3.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the area is tropically oligotrophic and the water quality of the area is very good. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Vibration Attenuation of Nonlinear Hysteretic Structures with Fully Unknown Parameters
Saheleh Khodabakhshi Mahdi Baradaran-nia -
Open Access Article
175 - Investigating the current status of the quality of wastewater entering the sewage treatment plant of Kerman city
Ziba KazemiDetermining the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the raw wastewater entering the treatment plants is one of the main pillars of designing the wastewater treatment plants. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the quantitative and quali MoreDetermining the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the raw wastewater entering the treatment plants is one of the main pillars of designing the wastewater treatment plants. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the wastewater entering the sewage treatment plant of Kerman city. In addition to the continuous measurement of wastewater entering the treatment plant, five-day biochemical oxygen demand concentration (BOD), chemical oxygen demand concentration (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and total Kejdal nitrogen (TKN) in 24-hour composite samples according to Flow rate was measured. The average value for three years from 2016 to 2018 for BOD is equal to 287.6 mg/liter, COD is equal to 413.9 mg/liter, TSS is equal to 140.9 mg/liter, and TKN is equal to 1.48 mg/liter. Which shows that it is higher than the design values of modules 1 and 2 and requires changes in the qualitative specifications of the wastewater entering modules 1 and 2. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Application of optimization algorithm to nonlinear fractional optimal control problems
Asma Moradikashkooli Hamid Haj Seyyed Javadi Sam Jabbehdari -
Open Access Article
177 - Using neural network to estimate weibull parameters
Babak Abbasi behrouz Afshar nadjafi -
Open Access Article
178 - The Capacitated Location-Allocation Problem with Interval Parameters
Hassan Shavandi -
Open Access Article
179 - Stress Analysis of the Scoliosis Disorder.
Fatemeh Nori Seyed Hooman Ghasemi -
Open Access Article
180 - Evaluating Some Growth Parameters, Water Relations and Yield of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) as Affected by Quality Water Irrigations and Different Fertilizers
احمد Ghanbari J. Bardel M. KhajehTo evaluate the effects of quality of irrigation water and kinds of fertilizer on yield and some cumin’s physiological parameters, a split-plot experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Research Farm of Zabol Unive MoreTo evaluate the effects of quality of irrigation water and kinds of fertilizer on yield and some cumin’s physiological parameters, a split-plot experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Research Farm of Zabol University. Main factor was two levels of water irrigation, fresh and natural saline water (EC: 4.180 dS.m-1) and the sub-plots consisted of control, NPK fertilizer, manure and their combination. Analysis of plant growth parameters were performed according to the four times samplings. The results indicated that increasing the concentration of soluble salts in water irrigation until 4.180 dS.m-1 resulted in significant decrease in dry matter, biomass duration, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, relative water content of shoots and roots and yield; It was also showed that application NPK-fertilizer at rate 40:20:15 kg.ha-1 combined with manure with 20 ton.ha-1 can improve growth characters, RWC and yield of cumin as compared to the use of fertilizer separately. The highest dry matter (0.544 g. per plant) were obtained from integrated fertilizer and saline water irrigation treatments at 105 days after sowing. It also emphasized that balanced supply organic fertilizers of micro and macro nutrients for plants can reduce application of chemical fertilizer in fields, without reducing of growth characters and yield of cumin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Evaluation of Yield Stability Promising Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa)
M. Nomani V. Rashidi Sh. Abdollahi H. Rahim-e-SoroushDetermining new and higher and stable yielding varieties is one of the most important objectives of rice breeding. To achieve this goal, ten promising lines of rice along with two improved cultivars (Hashemi and Kadous) were compared at National Rice Research Institute MoreDetermining new and higher and stable yielding varieties is one of the most important objectives of rice breeding. To achieve this goal, ten promising lines of rice along with two improved cultivars (Hashemi and Kadous) were compared at National Rice Research Institute in Rasht, Iran, for three years (2006, 2007 and 2008). The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replications in these three years. The combined analysis of variance indicated significant difference among genotypes, for the traits studied. This indicates genetic variation among genotypes understudy. The interaction of genotype × year for yield was significant which demonstrate different responses of genotypes during different years. Different stability analysis methods were used to determine the higher and stable yielding variety like: environmental variance, coefficient of variability, coefficient of regression proposed by Finaly and Wilkinson, Deviation from regression by Eberhart and Russel, Shukla's stability variance, Wricke's equivalence, coefficient of determination of Pintus and non-parametric method of rank. By using these analyses it was found that Hashemi was a stable yielding variety. It was also revealed that line No. 9 (IR78530-45-3-1-3), line No. 6 (IR76993-49-1-1) and 8 (IR78533-30-2-1) were found as stable producer lines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - The Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide Pretreatment of Seeds on Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Wheat under Salt Stress
Tayyebeh Jafarian Mohammad Javad ZareaSalinity is one of the main factors to reduce crop production worldwide, especially in dry land farms. In this study the effect of pretreatment of wheat seed with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on various traits of wheat (Sardary) including morph-physiological parameters and MoreSalinity is one of the main factors to reduce crop production worldwide, especially in dry land farms. In this study the effect of pretreatment of wheat seed with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on various traits of wheat (Sardary) including morph-physiological parameters and yield components under salinity conditions were evaluated. This experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications, in greenhouse. Treatments were three salinity levels (0, 80 and 120 Mm) and four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0, 25, 50 and 80 Mm). In this study, salinity affected all of yield components, levels of antioxidants, photosynthetic pigments, length and number of leaf stomata. Pretreatment of seed with hydrogen peroxide alleviated the effect of salinity on yield through positive effect on plant water relation, pigments, leaf area and stomata. Plants from pretreatment of seed with hydrogen peroxide had higher relative water content, chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments, leaf area and lower number of stomata and larger length of stomata under salt stress condition as compared with control. Seed pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide also reduced the adverse effect of salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Evaluating Some Physiological Characteristics of Safflower Cultivars )Carthamus tinctorius L.( Under Water Deficit Stress and Brassionosteroide Application
Mahnaz Zafari Ali Ebadi Sodabeh Jahanbakhsh godehahriz Mohammad SedghiTo evaluate the effects of water deficit stress and growth regulator (Brassinosteroid) on some physiological characteristics cultivars of safflower, an split plot factorial experiment based on randomize complete block design with 3 replications was conducted at the Rese MoreTo evaluate the effects of water deficit stress and growth regulator (Brassinosteroid) on some physiological characteristics cultivars of safflower, an split plot factorial experiment based on randomize complete block design with 3 replications was conducted at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2014. Water stress was in three levels: 80 mm evaporation (normal irrigation); 120 mm evaporation (low water stress); 160 mm evaporation (high water stress) from evaporation pan of class A which were assigned to main plots and three cultivars of safflower (Goldasht, Spiny Sina and Faraman) and two levels of Brassinosteroid, control and 10 -7 mol. in sub plots. The reasults showed that water stress decreased stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, sub-stomatal CO2, water-use efficiency, chlorophyll content index (SPAD), seed yield, leaf soluble protein and transpiration rate. The results also showed that use of brassinosteriod, increased photosynthetic parameters and reduced transpiration. Irrigation at evaporation of 80 mm from pan, resulted in the maximom amount of transpiration and stomatal conductance to the Faraman cultivar, sub-stomatal CO2 to Sina spiny cultivar and chlorophyll content index (SPAD) to Goldasht cultivar. Irrigation at 120 mm evaporation from class A pan resulted in the maximum amount of transpiration and stomatal conductance to Goldasht cultivar, while the highest sub-stomatal CO2, belonged to Sina spiny. Irrigation at 160 mm evaporation from class A pan resulted in the maximum amount of transpiration, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content index (SPAD) and the sub-stomatal CO2 to Goldasht cultivar. It seems that Goldasht cultivar under both mild and severe drought stresses tolerates drought better than the other two cultivars in Ardabil rigion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Correlation of biotic and abiotic parameters by principal component analysis method in the southern region of the Caspian Sea
smv farabiThe biological organisms (phytoplankton, zooplankton, Macrobenthos and ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi) along with some non-biological factors (Physico-chemical parameters and pollutants) of water were investigated in the Caspian Sea during 2007-2008. The sample station wa MoreThe biological organisms (phytoplankton, zooplankton, Macrobenthos and ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi) along with some non-biological factors (Physico-chemical parameters and pollutants) of water were investigated in the Caspian Sea during 2007-2008. The sample station was located between 48° to 54° longitude and 36° to 39° latitude. The samples were gathered in four seasons and eight transects (half-line perpendicular to the coast) in Astara, Anzali, Sefidrud, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Turkmen. Sampling was done of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 M depth of different layers. Nonparametric test and multivariate analysis (PCA) were run. The results showed that some water physico-chemical factors including organic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen (ammonium), salinity, water temperature were more important than other factors. Also, the abundance and biomass of M. leidyi depended on water temperature and nitrogen compounds, which have resulted in a change in abundance, biomass and species composition of marine plankton. So that the number of zooplankton species before the arrival of M. leidyi was 50 species, and only 10 species were observed in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Effect of adding earth worm to diet on hematological parameters and hepatic enzymes of bester (Acipenser ruthenus× Huso huso)
زهره رحمتیپرست حبیب وهابزاده محمود محسنیThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of dietary fish meal with earthworm in Bester (Acipenser ruthenus × Huso huso) diet. 450 fish (350±35 g) were adapted with new condition and distributed into 9 concrete tanks and were MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of dietary fish meal with earthworm in Bester (Acipenser ruthenus × Huso huso) diet. 450 fish (350±35 g) were adapted with new condition and distributed into 9 concrete tanks and were reared with three experimental treatments (100%pelleted diet as a control, 15% live food + 85% pelleted diet and 30% live food + 70% pelleted diet) throughout 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of rearing, the blood samples were collected to assess haematological parameters of fish in the various treatments. Result showed significant differences in blood parameters such as white and red blood cell, Hb, Htc, MCH, Neutrophil, Lymphocyte and Monocyte (P<0.05), But there were no significant difference in and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC;%) and eosinophil. In this study significant differences were observed in cholesterol, triglyceride, alkaline phosphates, SGPT and SGOT, levels but there is no significant differences were observed in total protein, albumin, urea and blood nitrogen between treatments. According to the results, adding 15% earthworm into pelleted diet improved blood parameters and can be replaced in pelleted diet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - The role of spermatological characteristics on artificial propagation efficiency of immigrant kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum, Kameneskii 1901) to Sefidroud River
S.Z Fallah ShamsiAbstract[1]Different factors such as the quality of ova and sperm are involved in propagation process. Mobility percentage, pH, mobility duration, compaction and osmolarity of sperm which affect the quality of sperm were tested in this research. This study was carried o MoreAbstract[1]Different factors such as the quality of ova and sperm are involved in propagation process. Mobility percentage, pH, mobility duration, compaction and osmolarity of sperm which affect the quality of sperm were tested in this research. This study was carried out in April 2011 in Shahid Ansari Bony Fishes Propagation and Rearing Center. According to the results, mean and standard deviation of ions in 3 and 4 years old fish were 329.6±11.9 and 343.4±11.9 osmolarity, 47.2±7.4 and 44.5±2.99 spermatocrit, 60.5±12 and 66.3±6.1 mobility duration, 80±6.7 and 83.5±3.9 mobility percentage, 17828750±3199657.8 and 18000000±2090454.5 compaction of sperm and 7.79±0.51 and 7.61±0.26 pH of sperm. The correlation between osmolality, mobility percentage, mobility duration and compaction of sperm with parameters of artificial propagation efficiency (fertilization percentage and hatching rate) was investigated positive, significant and direct. * Corresponding Authors; Email: zahra.falah52@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Determination of Relationship between ages with efficiency factors Artificial Propagation in Caspian Sea kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum, Kamenskii, 1901) Spawners males in Shirood River
mehdi yousefianKutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) is one of the most important fishes of the Caspian Sea which migrates annually to Iranian rivers such as Shirood River. In this research mutual effects of age have been analyzed on some sperm parameters (volume, density, spermatocrit and mot MoreKutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) is one of the most important fishes of the Caspian Sea which migrates annually to Iranian rivers such as Shirood River. In this research mutual effects of age have been analyzed on some sperm parameters (volume, density, spermatocrit and motility percent) of kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) and the artificial propagation in Shirood River. For this reason acquired sperm from 30 male broods (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years old) were combined with ova of 30 females. Maximum weight (975 g) and total length (47.25 cm) were related to 6-year-old male broods, while minimum weight (373.33 g) and total length (35.67 cm) have been observed in 2-year-old male broods. The highest sperm volume (5.22 ml), spermatozoa density (45×109 n/ml), spermatoicrit (39.3%) and spermatozoa motility (77.4%) were related to 5, 2, 2 and 4 years old stocks, respectively. In other hand the least sperm volume (3.03 ml), spermatozoa density (30×109 n/ml), spermatoicrit (30.3%) and spermatozoa motility (74%) were related to 2, 6, 4 and 6 years old stocks, respectively. A peak percentage of fertilization (95.2%) and hatching (83%) occurred in 4-year-old, while a minimum percentage of fertilization (88.5%) and hatching (77.6%) were showed for 6 and 2 years old stocks. Statistically there were not any significant differences between different ages as sperm volume (P=0.323), spermatozoa density (P=0.539), spermatoicrit (P=0.187) spermatozoa motility (P=0.164), but fertilization percent average did not indicate significant differences between different ages groups (P=0.016). So4 years old male brood stocks are economically the best choice for artificial propagation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Investigation of changes in the qualitative, oxidative and microbial indices of minced and non-minced beef during the freezing storage
F. Taiar A. Gharekhani A. TukmechiOne of the best ways to preserve meat is to freeze it, which can keep the meat in a natural state without significant spoilage. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the effect of storage time (1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days) in freezing (temperature -18 ° C) on MoreOne of the best ways to preserve meat is to freeze it, which can keep the meat in a natural state without significant spoilage. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the effect of storage time (1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days) in freezing (temperature -18 ° C) on chemical properties (humidity, ash, fat and protein), oxidation indices (peroxide, Conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid), number of psychrophilic bacteria and structure of minced and non-minced beef fatty acids. The results showed that with increasing storage time, the amount of humidity and protein decreased, but the peroxide index, conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid increased and there was no significant change in the amount of fat and ash in the samples. However, oxidation indexes of peroxide, conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid in minced beef were not higher than minced meat. The maximum amount of peroxide (1.2 meqO2/kg) was related to the minced meat sample during 28 days of storage at freezing temperature. Based on gas chromatographic findings, there is no difference between minced meat and minced meat in terms of short chain fatty acids C10 to C20, and the amount of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in minced meat is higher than minced meat. The results of bacterial count showed that the number of psychrophilic bacteria in meat samples did not increase during storage of meat at freezing temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - The removal of Tartrazine dye by modified Alumina with sodium dodecyl sulfate from aqueous solutions: equilibrium and thermodynamic studies
A. Parchebaf Jadid S. Sadeghi Edible colors are materials which in the case of adding to food and drinks cause transferring color to them. Most of these colors are not acceptable in terms of applying in human food and underlies various diseases like gastrointestinal disorders, renal, liver an More Edible colors are materials which in the case of adding to food and drinks cause transferring color to them. Most of these colors are not acceptable in terms of applying in human food and underlies various diseases like gastrointestinal disorders, renal, liver and blood toxicity. The goal of this study was investigating the efficiency of improved alumina by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in eliminating Tartrazine from aqueous environments. In this research, the impact of effective parameters such as initial concentration of Tartrazine, time, pH, alumina dose and SDS value were studied in order to approach an optimal condition for eliminating the color. Also, absorption behavior was evaluated by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The highest efficiency of Tartrazine elimination in the solution resulted in optimal pH of 2, the amount of adsorbent 1.5 g/L, 16 min duration and value 0.04 SDS g/l which was obtained for dye concentration 5 mg/L about 94.13%. Also, results suggested that Tartrazine absorption follows Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9867). Obtained results from thermodynamic studies such as Gibbs free energy (-5.728 Kj/mol) and enthalpy (-85.86 Kj/mol) and entropy (-271.102 J/mol.K) also suggested that the absorption process was exothermic. The results of this research suggested that improved alumina by sodium dodecyl sulfate had a relative good capability in Tartrazine elimination from aqueous environments. Thus Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Effect of chitosan enriched with lycopene coating on fatty acid profile and fat oxidation parameters of rainbow trout fillet during refrigerated storage(orginal reserch article)
Seyede Samane Naghibi Ali Ehsani Hossein Tajik Alireza Talebi Nowruz DelirezhFish are the major dietary source of the polyunsaturated fatty acid for humans. Therefore, protection of fish against all types of oxidative corruption seems to be necessary. Lycopene is the source of natural antioxidant. The present study was conducted to evaluate anti MoreFish are the major dietary source of the polyunsaturated fatty acid for humans. Therefore, protection of fish against all types of oxidative corruption seems to be necessary. Lycopene is the source of natural antioxidant. The present study was conducted to evaluate antioxidant properties of lycopene (using the method of DPPH) and the combined effect of its various doses (1.5 and 3%) and chitosan on fat oxidation parameters and fatty acids composition of Rainbow trout fillet. The analysis was performed after 0, 8 and 16 days of storage of the samples at 4°C to determine peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acid content (FFA). In addition, fatty acid compositions was determined by Gas chromatography assay. In control treatment, the fatty acid composition of Rainbow trout fillet was consisted of %20.6±0.03 saturated fatty acids (SFA), %43.81±0.04 monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and %32.83±0.03 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in 0 day. Statistical analysis showed that there were fewer changes in PV, FFA and proportion of fatty acids between chitosan and lycopene-chitosan treatment in regard to control sample during 16 days of refrigeration storage. Chitosan coated samples enriched with lycopene exhibited less rapidly lipid damages than all the other samples (p<0.05). In conclusion, the study indicated that lycopene has a good antioxidant activity that caused in favorable changes in the profile of fatty acids. Therefore, it can be used as a preservative in fish. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Effects of supplementation of powdered Zataria multiflora on growth performance and serumic parameters in common carp (Cyprinus Carpio)
N. Choobkar S. Kakoolaki Mahya Rezaeimanesh فروغ Mohammadi لیلا Safar KhanlooThe use of medicinal plants can be effective in increasing the growth of aquatic organisms and to promote a non-specific immune level to increase resistance to diseases in aquaculture. Zataria multiflora, a plant of the Lamiaceae family, is an example of such medicinal MoreThe use of medicinal plants can be effective in increasing the growth of aquatic organisms and to promote a non-specific immune level to increase resistance to diseases in aquaculture. Zataria multiflora, a plant of the Lamiaceae family, is an example of such medicinal plants containing mainly thymol and carvacrol, with well-known antimicrobial and anti-fungal properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses of thyme powder (Zataria multflora) on growth performance and serumic parameters of young common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Therefore, two hundred and forty fish, with initial weight of 20/27±5.13 g, were distributed among the treatments. Food was made with adding the powdered thyme in 4 formulations with 0 (control or Group 1), 50 (Group II), 100 (Group III) and eventually 150 ppm (Group IV) with a size of 4.3 mm. It was fed to the fish 3 to 4 times a day at a rate of 3-4% of their body weight, for 8 weeks. Specific growth rate and serumic parameters including total protein, albumin and globulin were measured and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences in the values of the variables studied in different treatments. Results showed that the average weight in group 3 (57/11±4/37) was significantly (p<0/05) increased compared to the control group (38/49±2/61) and other treatments. Specific growth rate followed this pattern and the average of group 3 (1/87±0/17) was significantly (p<0/05) greater than the control as the minimum value (1/08±0/14) and the other groups. There was a significant difference in the amounts of total protein (p=0/005) and globulin (p=0/017) between the 4 groups. Based on the results, powdered thyme is effective in improving growth and serumic parameters of common carp (C. carpio). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - The effect of exercise on concentration of some serum biochemical parameters in Arabian horses
Ali Reza Ghadrdan Mashhadi Mohammad Razi Jalali Seyed Reza Fatemi Tabatbaei Marzieh Arjmand-NezhadEvaluation of parameters like serum biochemical changes following intense physical activity can provide data which may help in predicting the athletic capacity of horses in racing conditions. In the present study, serum concentration of some biochemical factors was dete MoreEvaluation of parameters like serum biochemical changes following intense physical activity can provide data which may help in predicting the athletic capacity of horses in racing conditions. In the present study, serum concentration of some biochemical factors was determined before and after intense physical activity in nine, 4-10 years old Arabian horses. The blood samples were collected at 1 h before (T0), just after (T1(, 3 hours (T2) and 24 hours (T3) after running with maximum speed in a 1250-meter course. Measurement of serum values of total protein, albumin, BUN, creatinine and glucose and also serum activity of creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes were done by routine laboratory methods. Data were analyzed statistically with one-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test. The results showed that all of the measured parameters, except BUN were significantly increased after running. It seems that hemoconcentration caused by severe sweating and stress induced by racing conditions, are the reasons for these changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Mid-seasonal evaluation of serum magnesium levels and its relationship with selective serum biochemical parameters in sheep of Miandoab region
F. Behmard A.P. Rezaii SaberMagnesium is essential to activate many enzymatic systems by development of metal-enzyme complexes. Thus, its deficiency is especially important in ruminants. The aim of the current study was to investigate the serumic levels of magnesium and its relation to levels of c MoreMagnesium is essential to activate many enzymatic systems by development of metal-enzyme complexes. Thus, its deficiency is especially important in ruminants. The aim of the current study was to investigate the serumic levels of magnesium and its relation to levels of calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, glucose, and total bilirubin in Ghezel ewes of Miandoab city. For this purpose, seasonal blood samples were collected from 100 Ghezel ewes in Miandoab region and the levels of magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, total protein, albumin, glucose, and total bilirubin evaluated. Results of parameters in different seasons were analyzed and compared by one-way ANOVA. Relation of each parameter with magnesium levels of serum was evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient. Magnesium levels was higher in autumn and winter than summer and spring and total protein and phosphorus was lower than summer and spring (p<0.05). Increase in magnesium levels resulted in decrease of calcium, total protein, and phosphorus indicating an indirect and significant relationship (p<0.05). Bilirubin and albumin levels also had a direct and significant relationship with magnesium levels (p<0.05) whereby they both increased following magnesium increase. Alterations in magnesium levels of serum in ewes has direct or indirect effects on biochemical parameters of serum. According to the results of this study, it is essential to use standard magnesium supplements in ewes' nutrition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - The effect of probiotics on health status and performance of Holstein calves
ali hoseinkhani monireh darezereshkipoor khosro parsaeimehr حبیب Cheraghi arash javanmardThe positive effect of probiotics on performance and health status of suckling calves has long been demonstrated. Probiotics are a group of living microorganisms used in livestock feeding, These additives not only have no harmful effects to living organisms, but secrete MoreThe positive effect of probiotics on performance and health status of suckling calves has long been demonstrated. Probiotics are a group of living microorganisms used in livestock feeding, These additives not only have no harmful effects to living organisms, but secrete various enzymes which break down organic carbon chains and produce substances such as sugars, alcohols, vitamins and other nutrients. In order to carry out the present study, 24 male and female calves with an average weight of 50±3 kg and age of 40±3 days were selected for an experimental period of 45 days. The treatments included consisted of, 1- control group, 2- the group receiving Lactobacillus casei and 3- the group receiving Lactobacillus acidophilus. The probiotics were given to calves along withphysiological saline solution. The use oflactobacilli had no significant effect on feed intake although their supplementation increased the weight of the calves during the entire period (p<0.05). Also, the results demonstrated that treatments containing probiotics improved feed efficiency in the period of weaning as well as in the entire period of the experiment (p<0.05). Moreover, supplementation of probiotics in the diet of calves significantly increased blood glucose content and reduced blood urea nitrogen (p<0.05). Inversely, no significant effect on the amount of total protein, albumin, triglycerides and blood cholesterol was shown. Furthermore, the results showed that probiotic supplements improved health indicators numerically but not statistically. According to the results, it can be concluded that supplementation of probiotics in the diet of calves improves performance and has a beneficial effect on some blood parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Effect of dietary supplementation of essential oil of Pistacia atlantica on liver tissue, some blood parameters and performance of Oncorhynchus mykiss
Ali ParsaSome herbs have a wide range of beneficial properties, including stimulating and strengthening the immune system, their use in fish farms improves growth. Sixty healthy rainbow trout were selected with 150 g weight. They were randomly divided into 2 groups of 30 each wi MoreSome herbs have a wide range of beneficial properties, including stimulating and strengthening the immune system, their use in fish farms improves growth. Sixty healthy rainbow trout were selected with 150 g weight. They were randomly divided into 2 groups of 30 each with 3 replications. The essential oil was added to the daily diet with 10 g / kg feed and after 3 months the fish were assayed and sampled. some blood parameters was performed. The results showed that the control group had lower food conversion ratio (p < 0.05). Also, consumption of essential oil at this dose had negative effect on liver function and liver enzymes significantly increased (p < 0.05). Total protein, albumin, and blood glucose were decreased and uric acid and creatinine were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The blood cells were significantly decreased. In the histological examination around the central veins of liver was severe degeneration. Evaluation of blood biochemical values showed that AST, ALT in the treatment group significantly increased and total protein and albumin in the treatment group decreased significantly (P <0.05). Uric acid was significantly higher in the treated fish than in the control group (P <0.05).oral administration of Pistacia atlantica essential oil at this dose is not recommended in rainbow trout and causes tissue damage.Until it is decided whether or not to consume or conditionally consume these essential oils and to increase the efficiency of production and productivity in the country by increasing the clinical and localization of the country in fish farms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Association between biochemical parameters and pathological findings in the diagnosis of fatty liver in dairy cows
Mehran Shojaei shahin Nejat maryam karimi dehkordi Abdolrasool NamjooThe purpose of this study is to investigate the role of some serum parameters in the diagnosis of fatty liver in cattle with special attention to its degree and to determine the best cut point of these parameters in order to predict the occurrence of fatty liver. Blood MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the role of some serum parameters in the diagnosis of fatty liver in cattle with special attention to its degree and to determine the best cut point of these parameters in order to predict the occurrence of fatty liver. Blood and liver samples of 28 cows were taken at the time of slaughter. Serum concentrations of liver enzymes, bilirubin, protein, and lipid profile were determined and the ratio of blood lipids to HDL was calculated. BCS and age of the cows were also recorded. ROC statistical model was used to determine critical thresholds for fatty liver prediction. As the severity of fatty liver increases, AST, GGT, cholesterol and HDL increases, and these can be used as a biomarker to identify severe and mild fatty liver. Also, the severity of the disease increases as the BCS decreases and age increases. ROC analysis showed that AST, GGT, protein, cholesterol to HDL, BCS and age are suitable for predicting the disease. The best cut-off point for predicting fatty liver was suggested as 55.05 IU/L for AST, 14 U/L for GGT, 6.55 mg/dl for total protein and 3.18 for cholesterol to HDL ratio. The best cut point for BCS and age was 4.25 and 6.5 years, respectively. The result showed that measurement of liver enzymes and lipid profile is of acceptable diagnostic importance in determining the degree of fatty liver in cows in field conditions and can be a suitable method to replace liver biopsy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Relationship of soil and forage Cobalt, Iron, Manganese, and Zinc contents with serum Cobalt, Zinc, vitamin B12 values and some hematological parameters in sheep of Ramhormoz city
Ali Abbas Nikvand Fatemeh Rastmanesh Mohammad Razi Jalali Elham GholamiIn ruminants, cobalt is essential for synthesis of vitamin B12 by rumen microflora. Emaciation and anemia are the most important consequences of cobalt deficiency in ruminants. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cobalt, iron, zinc, and manganese le MoreIn ruminants, cobalt is essential for synthesis of vitamin B12 by rumen microflora. Emaciation and anemia are the most important consequences of cobalt deficiency in ruminants. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cobalt, iron, zinc, and manganese levels of soil and forage with each other and with serum levels of cobalt, zinc, and vitamin B12 in emaciated and normal sheep of Ramhormoz city. Eight soil and 8 forage samples were taken from four areas in Ramhormoz city. The soil and forage samples were analyzed. Blood samples were collected from 25 (15 emaciated and 10 normal) and 43 sheep (28 emaciated and 15 normal) from areas with more and less than 0.07 μg cobalt/Kg of DM forage, respectively and were analyzed to determine serum cobalt, zinc, vitamin B12 values and some hematological parameters. The forage cobalt value in Plim (0.052±0.02 mg/kg dry matter (DM)) and Larkiabad (0.054±0.00 mg/kg DM) regions was lower than the standard value. The mean soil iron value (15767±1333 mg/kg arid soil) was more than its critical level in Ramhormoz. The highest soil manganese values in Larkiabad and Plim regions were associated with the lowest forage cobalt values. There was no statistically significant difference between serum levels of cobalt, zinc, and vitamin B12 in the emaciated and normal sheep. It is possible that the high amounts of soil iron and manganese, due to their chelating effects, could reduce the cobalt bio-availability of forage. Contrary to the available literature, the presence of 0.05 μg cobalt/Kg of DM forage is capable of providing sufficient amounts of cobalt and vitamin B12 for sheep in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Effect of various levels of the yeast probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the growth parameters and survival rate of Rainbow trout fingerlings
محمود Asadi Tabrizi جاوید Mortazavi Tabrizi حبیب Karamouz This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2%) of yeast probiotic on the growth parameters and survival rate of rainbow trout fingerlings. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design More This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15% and 0.2%) of yeast probiotic on the growth parameters and survival rate of rainbow trout fingerlings. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates (consisting of 20 experimental units or ponds). The yeast probiotic was mixed with a particular commercial diet in order to obtain four experimental diets. The experimental diets were fed to fish with a mean body weight of 23 grams at the start of the experiment in 16 ponds for 50 days (excluding the ponds of the control group). The fish were evaluated at days 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 of being fed by the experimental diets in order to obtain growth rate, feed conversion rate and survival rate. The results indicated that the yeast cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the consumed levels were established in the gastrointestinal system of the fish and had positive and significant effect on the growth parameters (final body weight, growth rate, feed conversion percentage and survival rate) (p<0.05) while feed conversion rate had decreased (p<0.05). The experiment indicated that the yeast probiotic had the ability to positively influence the growth parameters of rainbow trout fingerlings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Prevalence of gallstones in buffaloes slaughtered in Tabriz abattoir and its correlation with hepatic parameters
bahram Amouoghli Tabrizi siyamand Bastani shirkouh Abbasi Hajiabad mohammad Moradian The liver is one of the largest and most active organs of the body. One of the most important functions of the liver is its involvement in lipid metabolism, production of bile and excretion of waste products through bile. The purpose of the present research More The liver is one of the largest and most active organs of the body. One of the most important functions of the liver is its involvement in lipid metabolism, production of bile and excretion of waste products through bile. The purpose of the present research is to examine the prevalence of gallstones in the buffaloes slaughtered in the city of Tabriz and to evaluate some of their hepatic parameters. In this study, blood samples of 100 Buffaloes aged 4-5 years were taken prior to slaughter as well as their postmortem gallbladder samples. The blood sera were isolated and parameters such as Cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT and ALP were measured by colorimetric method. The gallbladder specimens were opened and evaluated for the presence or absence of stones. The laboratory analysis of gallstones was carried out through biochemical kit method. Of 100 buffalos, ten were found to have gallstones, composed of bilirubin calcium, cholesterol, calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate, respectively. Of the parameters evaluated, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline-phosphatase levels had increased significantly. Gallstones can block bile excretion, thereby causing damage to the liver. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Evaluation of the effects of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus Licheni formis promix on blood metabolites and elements and weight gain in rearing calves
Gh Moghaddam Ahmad NematollahiProbiotics are beneficial microorganisms which are colonized in the digestive system of livestock and influence some of the blood parameters through special mechanisms. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted to clarify the influence of promix containing living sp MoreProbiotics are beneficial microorganisms which are colonized in the digestive system of livestock and influence some of the blood parameters through special mechanisms. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted to clarify the influence of promix containing living spores of the two bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on body weight gain, blood metabolites and elements of calves. Twenty male Holstein calves were divided into two groups of ten calves and kept at separate bans. The control group were fed with a standard ration and the treatment group were fed with the same ration plus promix (1.6 × 109 cfu/g feed or 500 g/T feed) for 45 days. Calves were weighed in the 1st, 15th, 30th and 45th days and blood samples were collected for measurement of some metabolites and blood elements. The obtained means were compared using the T- test. The results indicated that the average daily weight gain using promix had a non-significant improvement of 4.8% (p>0.05). Also the average daily weight gain showed a non significant improvement in each of the 3 experimental periods (p>0.05). Blood phosphorus and calcium of calves increased significantly influenced by promix with the increase being non significant in the first experimental period and significant in the second and third periods (p<0.01). With the addition of the probiotic, the amounts of blood glucose, urea and protein increased non significantly compared to the control group with the increase being non significant in the second and third experimental periods and significant in the first period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Evaluation of serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, magnesium, total protein and albumin after ovariectomy in the rat
بهرام Amoughli tabrizi داریوش Mohajeri امین Balila Ali Rezaie مهران MesgariOsteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by decrease in bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue. In this study, in order to evaluate the serum concentration of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, total protein and albumin MoreOsteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by decrease in bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue. In this study, in order to evaluate the serum concentration of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, total protein and albumin during osteoporosis, 80 female Sprague-Dawley rats with approximate age of 10 weeks were allocated to 10 groups (3 control, 3 sham, 3 treatment groups and one pure control group). The animals in treatment groups were ovariectomized under general anesthesia whereas only the abdominal wall was incised in the sham groups using the same approach of the treatment groups. Treatment groups and shams were maintained for 5, 12 and 21 weeks respectively after ovariectomy alongside related control groups. Blood samples were collected from the retroorbital sinus at the end of each stage for measurement of the blood parameters. Evaluation of the serum levels of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase revealed statistically significant differences between the ovariectomized groups and control groups and also pure control group and sham groups. The highest level of calcium and phosphorus was observed 5 weeks after ovariectomy and the lowest level at 12 and 21 weeks after ovariectomy. The levels of alkaline phosphatase had increased at 5, 12 and 21 weeks after ovariectomy. Statistically the mean levels of magnesium, albumin and total protein did not reveal a significant difference between treatment groups, shams and pure control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Effects of monensin on serum parameters in Gezel sheep
Ali Kargary Rezapour پرویز Namavar بابک Baghbanzadeh NobariFive male Gezel lambs received different levels of monensin (0, 10, 30 and 60 mg/kg DMI) with their diet in a cross over design. The experimental diet consisted of 70% concentrate and 30% roughage. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein 1 hour before and 2 hours MoreFive male Gezel lambs received different levels of monensin (0, 10, 30 and 60 mg/kg DMI) with their diet in a cross over design. The experimental diet consisted of 70% concentrate and 30% roughage. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein 1 hour before and 2 hours after feeding and their sera immediately separated to measure the serumic concentrations of glucose, triacylglycerol, total protein, albumin/globulin ratio, blood urea nitrogen, and also aspartate aminotransfrase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransfrase (GGT) activity. Rumen fluid was also collected by rumenocentesis following feeding and its pH determined. During the experimental period, clinical examination was performed and the results were recorded. Significant differences in mean serumic levels of triacylglycerol, albumin/globulin ratio, blood urea nitrogen and the activity of AST and GGT were not seen before and after feeding although there were significant differences in this respect between different levels of monensin (P<0.01). Mean rumen pH in control lambs (0 mg/kg) was significantly (P<0.01) lower than those received 30 and 60 mg/kg monensin but there was no significant difference between the control lambs and those that received 10 mg/kg monensin. Clinical manifestations of acidosis in control lambs (0 mg/kg monensin) were clearly in agreement with rumen pH. Mean serumic levels of glucose in lambs that received 0 mg/kg monensin was significantly (P<0.05) lower than the other treatment groups while total protein levels were significantly higher (P<0.01). The results of this study indicates that monensin in concentration of at least 30 mg/kg of diet can prevent acute and subacute acidosis and the associated decline in appetite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Study of serum heat shock protein-27, adenosine deaminase, homocysteine and lipid profiles in bovine leptospirosis in Kurdistan province
kave azimzade The aim of this study was to investigate changes of serum parameters such as adenosine deaminase (ADA), heat shock protein-27 (HSP-27), homocysteine (Hcy) and lipid profiles (LDL,HDL,VLDL and Triglyceride) in bovine leptospirosis. After diagnosis of acute l More The aim of this study was to investigate changes of serum parameters such as adenosine deaminase (ADA), heat shock protein-27 (HSP-27), homocysteine (Hcy) and lipid profiles (LDL,HDL,VLDL and Triglyceride) in bovine leptospirosis. After diagnosis of acute leptospirosis in cattle, blood samples were collected from 12 cases of bovine leptospirosis and 12 healthy samples via jugular vein and all parameters along with zinc (Zn2+) were measured. The results denoted a significant increase in Hcy, HSP-27, TG, VLDL, along with a significant decrease in HDL-C, ADA, LDL-C and zinc (Zn2+) in patients compared to healthy ones (p≤0.01). Based on the results, the listed parameters may be used in the management of bovine leptospirosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Effect of supplementing ascorbic acid, vitamin E and betaine on the performance, immune response and blood parameters in broiler
S.M MotamediIn order to investigate the effects of vitamins C and E and betaine on performance, immune response and blood parameters of broiler chickens, an experiment was conducted with completely randomized block design consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replicates with 30 chicks i MoreIn order to investigate the effects of vitamins C and E and betaine on performance, immune response and blood parameters of broiler chickens, an experiment was conducted with completely randomized block design consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replicates with 30 chicks in each replicate. The groups were assigned to receive the treatment diets as follows: diet with no feed additive (control); diet supplemented with vitamin C; diet supplemented with vitamin E; diet supplemented with betaine; diet supplemented with vitamin E and betaine; diet supplemented with vitamin E, vitamin C and betaine. Body weight, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality were determined over the course of the experiment. At 35 days of age, two birds per replicate were randomly selected and 2 ml blood sample was collected to measure plasma concentration of T3 and T4 hormones. IgM and IgG antibody response to SRBC were also determined at 28 days of age. Body weight, FI and FCR were not affected by different treatments over the course of the study. Broilers fed diet supplemented with vitamin C, vitamin E and betaine showed the highest survival percentage and production index as compared with the other treatments. But it was not significantly different with the control group. IgM and IgG antibody response to SRBC, hematocrit percentage and plasma concentration of T3 and T4 also were not affected by different dietary treatments. The results of this experiment showed that there were no significant differences among the treatments in the performance, immune response and blood parameters of broiler chicken. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Effect of different levels of selenium and vitamin E on blood biochemical parameters in the Japanese quail
hossein zadeh adamnejad jamshid ghiasi ghalekandi yahya ebrahimnejad Co-administration of vitamin E and selenium has positive effects on growth performance of avian species, but their effect is not fully elicited in the Japanese quail. Also, controversial reports exist for the effect of vitamin E and selenium on avian perfor More Co-administration of vitamin E and selenium has positive effects on growth performance of avian species, but their effect is not fully elicited in the Japanese quail. Also, controversial reports exist for the effect of vitamin E and selenium on avian performance. This study was designed to investigate the effect of different levels of selenium (0, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg) and vitamin E (0, 150 and 300 mg/kg) in the diet of the Japanese quail. Birds received mesh diet from the start of the study, then selenium and vitamin E were added on day 17. At the end of the study, after food deprivation for 6 hours, Japanese quail (1 male and 1 female) were selected and blood samples collected for biochemical investigations and determination of glucose, albumin, total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL levels. There was significant decrease in cholesterol, glucose, and triglyceride levels and significant decrease in albumin and total protein levels on day 35 (p<0.05). Effect of vitamin E and selenium was not significant on serum LDL level but, administration of vitamin E significantly increased serum HDL levels (p<0.05). These results suggest that co-administration of selenium and vitamin E could have positive effects on blood biochemical parameters in the Japanese quail. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - The effect of oxytetracycline on the amount of calcium and phosphorus of blood and density of bone tissue in broiler chickens
aziz Norouzi afshin zakeri seyyed esmaeil safaviThis study was designed to investigate the effects of oxytetracycline on the amount of calcium and phosphorus of blood and bone tissue density in broiler chickens. For this purpose, 72 day-old Ross chicks of, 308 strain in a completely randomized design in two groups: t MoreThis study was designed to investigate the effects of oxytetracycline on the amount of calcium and phosphorus of blood and bone tissue density in broiler chickens. For this purpose, 72 day-old Ross chicks of, 308 strain in a completely randomized design in two groups: the control group (without dietary antibiotic) and the treatment group (with a diet containing oxytetracycline 50%, 3 gr per kg of diet) with 6 replicates in the same environmental conditions and management were studied for 42 days. In this experiment, the diameter of femoral shaft and ratio of various tissues of the femur and skull were studied. Blood parameters included calcium and phosphorus. In the group treated with oxytetracycline, femur shaft diameter was significantly decreased with the addition of drug to diet (p<0.01). Also the trabeculaes in the femur shaft and skull significantly decreased (p<0.01). In the group treated with oxytetracycline, the bone marrow of femur and skull significantly increased (p<0.01). The effect of oxytetracycline on cartilage of skull was no significant. The addition of oxytetracycline, to diet had no significant effect on calcium and phosphorus of blood. The results showed that oxytetracycline reduced absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestine and reduced bone density. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - The effects of different levels of prebiotic (A-MAX) on digestibility, and blood biochemical parameters in West Azarbaijan kids
monireh darrezereshkipour khosro parsaeimehr saeid hosseinzadeh parviz farhovandThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of different levels of prebiotic (A-MAX) which includes cell wall composition of Saccharomyces cervisiae yeast on digestibility and blood parameters in West Azarbaijan kids. Twenty kids with an average weight of 1 MoreThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of different levels of prebiotic (A-MAX) which includes cell wall composition of Saccharomyces cervisiae yeast on digestibility and blood parameters in West Azarbaijan kids. Twenty kids with an average weight of 11.1 ± 1.8 kg and about five to six months of age. Were used in a randomized complete block design with 4 treatments (5 kids per treatment). Treatments included 1) no prebiotic (control), 2) 2gram, 3) 4gram and 4) 6 gram prebiotic /day per animal, which were fed with a basal diet. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ADF, NDF were not affected by treatments. Moreover blood metabolites including glucose, albumin, total protein, BHBA and BUN were not significantly different between groups. The results indicate that the addition of prebiotic (A-MAX) to the diet of kids had no significant effect on digestibility and blood biochemical parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - The effects of date consumption on serumic levels of glucose, lipids and lipoproteins in diabetic rats
بهرام Amouoghli Tabrizi علی Hassanpour وحید Kohi احمد Ostovar آرش Alizade Diabetes mellitus is an important problem amongst human and animals. In veterinary medicine too, diabetes mellitus occurs in many animals particularly household pets. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of date consumption on serumic levels of More Diabetes mellitus is an important problem amongst human and animals. In veterinary medicine too, diabetes mellitus occurs in many animals particularly household pets. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of date consumption on serumic levels of glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and HDL in rats suffering from experimental diabetes mellitus. Thirty male wistar rats with the age of 8 weeks and mean body weight of 200±20 gr were selected and divided into 5 groups so that there were 6 rats per group. The groups consisted of day one healthy control, final day healthy control, healthy treatment consuming date, diabetic treatment consuming date and diabetic control group. Diabetic treatment and control groups received 100 mg/kg of alloxan subcutaneously to create experimental diabetes. The two healthy control groups also received equal amounts of normal saline solution subcutaneously. The injections were repeated a week later in all groups. After observing the diabetes symptoms including polydipsia, polyuria, glucosuria and hyperglycemia in groups that were given alloxan, feeding of healthy and diabetic treatment groups with equal ratio of date and pellet was initiated. Final day healthy control group and diabetic control group were fed only with pellet. The groups were fed for 10 days following the start of diabetes symptoms. Blood samples were collected from all groups on day 10. Evaluation of the serumic levels of glucose, cholesterol and LDL revealed statistically significant increase in diabetic control group in comparison with the healthy control groups and also in healthy and diabetic treatment groups consuming date as compared with diabetic control and healthy groups (p<0.05). Evaluation of the serumic levels of triglyceride in diabetic and healthy treatment groups consuming date did not reveal statistically significant difference with the healthy control groups but revealed a significant decrease in comparison with the diabetic control group. Serumic levels of VLDL in diabetic and healthy treatment groups consuming date indicated significant decrease compared with the diabetic control group (p<0.05) but the changes were not significant in comparison with the healthy control groups. There were no statistically significant differences in serumic levels of HDL amoung the groups. It can be concluded from these results that consumption of date as a natural fruit can be effective in preventing symptoms of diabetes mellitus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - The effect of cefepime injection on clinical findings, gross lesions and some biochemical parameters in Rose Ringed Parakeet
عادل Feizi حمید Etekali بهرام Amouoghli Tabrizi M.H Khayat NouriThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cefepime injection, a fourth generation cephalosporin drug, on clinical finding, gross lesions and some biochemical parameters in Rose Ringed Parakeet in high of the increasing use of medical antibiotics in avian medici MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cefepime injection, a fourth generation cephalosporin drug, on clinical finding, gross lesions and some biochemical parameters in Rose Ringed Parakeet in high of the increasing use of medical antibiotics in avian medicine. Ten Rose Ringed Parakeets were randomly allocated into two groups of control and treatment each consisting of 5 birds with the same age, environmental and nutritional conditions. In the treatment group, 100 mg/kg cefepime was injected intramuscularly every 12 hours for 3 days while in the control group equal values of normal saline solution was injected similarly during the injection period, the birds were evaluated clinically. Blood samples of all bird were collected from the jugular vein 24 hours after the last injection, their sera separated following centrifugation and the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose, uric acid, creatinine, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and calcium were measured using the spectrophotometer and flame photometry techniques. Necropsy was also carried out following blood sampling to assess gross lesions. Comparison of the results of the biochemical parameters between treatment and control groups indicated a significant increase (p<0.05) in AST and ALT values and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in serumic levels of ALP, sodium and potassium in the treatment group. No significant alterations were noted in the other parameters. In conclusion, cefepime injection in the studied species did not induce any clinical symptoms or gross lesions but significantly increased or decreased some of the enzyme representing liver function in comparison with the control group although these alterations were within the normal reference ranges Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Efficacy of Sodium Bentonite, Esterified Glucomannan and Humic Acid to counteract the effects of Aflatoxicosis on renal pathological changes and serum biochemical parameters in Broilers
حسن Ghahri A.H Soleymannezhad داریوش Mohajeri افشین ZakeriThis study was conducted to evaluate the renal pathological changes and serum biochemical parameters in broilers fed a diet containing low-levels (254 ppb) of aflatoxin (AF) and adsorbents until 35 days of age. Seven-day-old male broilers were randomly assigned to one o MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the renal pathological changes and serum biochemical parameters in broilers fed a diet containing low-levels (254 ppb) of aflatoxin (AF) and adsorbents until 35 days of age. Seven-day-old male broilers were randomly assigned to one of the nine dietary treatments with four replicates of 12 chicks each. Treatments were: 1) control; 2) naturally AF contaminated diet (NCD); 3,4,5,6 and 7) NCD supplemented with 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1%, humic acid (HA) respectively; 8 and 9) NCD supplemented with 0.5% sodium bentonite (SB) and 0.1% esterified glucomannan (E-GM), respectively. Blood samples were taken on the 35th day of the study and the phosphorus, calcium, urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels in serum were analyzed. When the chicks reached 35 days of age, the feeding trial was terminated and 12 broilers from each treatment were selected at random and were killed for pathological examination. Microscopically, the kidney in chickens fed diet containing 254ppb AF showed significant lesions, compared to control. At the end of the study, it was determined that aflatoxin caused a decrease in BUN and an increase in phosphorous levels. The addition of HA and E-GM to NCD decreased both the alterations of serum biochemical parameters and the severity of lesions in the kidney. These results clearly demonstrated that histological lesions and serum biochemical changes were observed in chickens fed a diet containing 254ppb AF and that addition of dietary E-GM and HA is effective in counteracting the toxic effects of naturally contaminated feed with mycotoxins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Effect of exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (50 Hz, 0.5 mT) during incubation on hematological indices in newly-hatched chicks
A.R Lotfi حبیب Aghdam Shahryar M.R ValilouThe aim of present study was to investigation on hematopoietic activity of chicken embryo in exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF-EMF). In present study, the effect of exposure to 50 Hz, 0.5 mT EMF during different periods of incubation on hematological parameters ( MoreThe aim of present study was to investigation on hematopoietic activity of chicken embryo in exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF-EMF). In present study, the effect of exposure to 50 Hz, 0.5 mT EMF during different periods of incubation on hematological parameters (erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin and WBC, lymphocyte, eosinophil, monocyte and heterophil) count was investigated. Experimental groups included group1 or control was under normal incubation process and without any exposing to EMFs, group2; includes eggs exposed to 50Hz, 0.5 mT, 2h daily for 0-7 days of incubation, group3; includes eggs exposed for 2h daily from day-8 to -14 of incubation, group4; includes eggs exposed from days-15 to -21 of incubation and group5; includes eggs exposed from days-1 to -21 of incubation (entire incubation period). Incubation condition (with exception to EMF exposing) was similar for all groups. At time of EMF exposing eggs were transferred to EMF emitter set and after exposing period, eggs were transferred to their rows (setter). exposing to 50 Hz, 0.5 mT EMF during different periods of embryonic life (first, second or third week and entire incubation period) didn’t has any significant effect on erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit and relative measures, whereas WBC counts (with exception of minor increases eosinophil for group 3) didn’t have change in any period of EMF exposure, too. It was concluded that embryonic or pre-hatch exposure to EMFs: 50 Hz, 0.5 mT during different periods of incubation didn’t has significant effect on hematological parameters includes erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, total leukocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil, monocyte and heterophil count. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Investigation on the effects of different levels of peppermint (Mentha piprita), thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and saturea (Satureia hortensis) medicinal plants on performance, egg quality, blood and immunity parameters of laying hens
علی Nobakht داوود Behshti جعفر PishjanghThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different mixtures of peppermint, thyme and saturea medicinal plants on performance, egg quality and blood biochemical and immunity parameters of laying hens. Experiment was conducted in a completely randomized de MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different mixtures of peppermint, thyme and saturea medicinal plants on performance, egg quality and blood biochemical and immunity parameters of laying hens. Experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 192 of laying hens in 4 treatments and 4 replicates (with 12 hen in each replicate) for 12 weeks and included: control group without using any medicinal plants, group 2 using 2% of medicinal plants (50% of peppermint, 25% thyme and 25% of saturea), group 3 (25% of peppermint, 50% thyme and 25% of sature) and group 4 (25% of pepermint, 25% thyme and 50% of sature). Results showed that the use of different medicinal plants mixture has significant effects on performance, biochemical parameters, percent of heterophils and ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (p<0.05). The overall results of the present study indicate that in laying hens with using the mixture of medicinal plants like 3 experimental groups, the improvement of performance, blood parameters and immunity level is possible Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - The effect of heat stress on some blood parameters, biochemical values and humoral immunity in Broiler Chickens
عادل Feizi فرهاد Dadian ساجد AsadzadehmajdiThis research was conducted to determine the effects of Heat stress on some Blood Parameters, serum Biochemical values and humoral immunity in broiler chicks. Eighty day old Cobb broilers were randomly divided into 2 equal groups of control and treatment. Both groups we MoreThis research was conducted to determine the effects of Heat stress on some Blood Parameters, serum Biochemical values and humoral immunity in broiler chicks. Eighty day old Cobb broilers were randomly divided into 2 equal groups of control and treatment. Both groups were kept under the same management, nutrition, density, ventilation and vaccination conditions. The only difference between the two groups was treatment of the last week of the breeding period (days 36-42). Which was 24 0C in the control group and 33 0C in the treatment group. At the end of the breeding period (days 42), blood samples were taken from the brachial vein of all broiler. To determine the blood parameters, part of the samples were collected in anticoagulant containing capillary tubes (1mg/ml, EDTA) and were determined immediately. The Haematocrit, Leucocyte counts and differential Leucocyte counts were determined immediately. The other portions of the brachial blood were used to determine blood PH and following centrifuging and separation of the sera, some biochemichal parameters such as Total protein and Glocose were evaluated by colorimetric method with specific kits. To determine the effect of heat stress on Humoral immiunity, serum samples were tested with HI (Haemagglutination Inhibition) method to to clarify antibody production in response to Newcastles disease vaccine. The results of this study showed that Haematocrit, Lymphocyte percentage and Total protein were significantly decreased (p<0/05), but serum levels of Glucose, blood PH, Heterophil percentage H/L and ratio was significantly increased in the treatment group (p<0.05). Evaluation of the Monocyte and Eosinophil percentage did not reveal statistically significant differences between the treatment and control groups (p>0.05). Results of Newcastle HI test showed that HI titers were significantly decreased in treatment group (p<0.05). As a result, broiler chicks subjected to heat stress are susceptible to Newcastles disease and subsequent secondary infections due to suppression of the immune system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - The effect of vitamin E- selenium injection on serumic levels of Albumin, Protein, Calcium, Phosphorous, Alkaline phosphates, Alaninamonitransferas and Aspartataminotransferas in the Arabian horse
بهرام Amouoghli Tabrizi منصور KhakpoorThis study was performed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E and Selenium injection on serumic levels of albumin, protein, calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphates, alaninamonitransferas and aspartataminotransferas in the Arabian stallions. In this study 12 Arabian hor MoreThis study was performed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E and Selenium injection on serumic levels of albumin, protein, calcium, phosphorous, alkaline phosphates, alaninamonitransferas and aspartataminotransferas in the Arabian stallions. In this study 12 Arabian horses were selected in 2 groups of 4 and 5 years old. In each group, horses were allocated to two sub groups of controls and treatment, each of them containing three animals. In the treatment group, 1cc/30 kg vitamin E and selenium was injected intramuscularly in 2 day intervals for 6 days, while in the control group the same amounts of normal saline (0.9%) was injected. Blood samples of all animals were collected from the jugular vein at days 2, 4 and 6 and their sera were harvested by centrifuging and the levels of the parameters were measured using commercial kits and the spectrophotometric method. The results of this study indicated that there was no significant difference on mean serumic albumin, phosphorous, alkaline phosphates, alaninamonitransferas, and spartataminotransferas in the studied animals while mean serumic protein values of 4 year old horses indicated a significant difference following the third vit E – Selenium injection (p<0.05). The levels of calcium showed a significant difference following the second injection in 4 and 5 years old horses (p<0.05). Based on the results, it can be concluded that vit E – Selenium injection could be beneficial for horses without having any side effects on the liver and kidney but alterations of other biochemical and hematologic parameters should also be investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Evaluation of cardiac markers and some serumic biochemical parameters in seropositive horses with equine influenza
ali hassanpour bahram amouoghlitabrizi mansour khakpourAbstract This study was performed to evaluate the effect of influenza in horses on the electrocardiogram changes, cardiac arrhythmias and concentration of cardiac troponin in serum and serumic activity of some enzymes. MoreAbstract This study was performed to evaluate the effect of influenza in horses on the electrocardiogram changes, cardiac arrhythmias and concentration of cardiac troponin in serum and serumic activity of some enzymes. After electrocardiography and count heart rate, blood samples were taken from jugular vein in 202 stallions (1-3 years). After centrifugation, the serum was removed and then seroprevalence of equine influenza was investigated by ELISA method. From 202 horses, 19 samples (9.5%) were positive and 183 samples (90.5%) were negative and these horses were put in deseased and healthy groups, respectively. In all samples cardiac troponin I, liver enzymes, total protein, albumin, glucose, urea, creatinin, cholesterol and triglyceride in the serum were measured. The electrocardiograms of all the horses were taken and the kind of cardiac arrhythmias were recorded. Average heart rate increased significantly in diseased group (p< 0.05). Occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias was significantly greater in diseased group (p< 0.05). Changes in QRS complex were significant in diseased group. The serumic concentration of cardiac troponin I increased significantly (p= 0.023). The difference mean of liver enzymes was not significant between two groups exept for alkaline phosphatase. In diseased group the mean of total protein and albumin increased significantly (p= 0.046 and p= 0.021, respectively) but, glucose and cholesterol decreased nonsignificantly. The mean difference of urea, creatinin and triglyceride was nonsignificant between the two groups. The end result was that following equine influenza some electrocardiographic changes were created in horses most of which are physiologic changes and the concentration of cardiac troponin I, total protein, albumin and liver enzymes in are increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Effective Parameters to Improve the Quality of Educational Progress Evaluation View point Teachers and Managers of Men in Third Grade City Yazd High school in Educational Year 2009-2010
Zohreh sadatmand Mohammad hadi babaeiThe present study was performed with the aim of identification (Effective Parameters to Improve the Quality of Educational Progress Evaluation View point Teachers and Managers of Men in Third Grade City Yazd High school in Educational Year 2009-2010).In this direc MoreThe present study was performed with the aim of identification (Effective Parameters to Improve the Quality of Educational Progress Evaluation View point Teachers and Managers of Men in Third Grade City Yazd High school in Educational Year 2009-2010).In this direction, this study focused on the role of organizational, mental and physical and the design of test questions parameters in Improve the Quality of Educational Progress Evaluation View point Teachers and Managers of Men in Third Grade City Yazd Highschool in Educational Year 2009-2010 of whom,22 Managers and 150 teachers were randomly selected. Research method was descriptive-surveying and research tool was questionnaire provided by researcher with 46 closed questions. Questionnaire simplicity was apparently evaluated and its validity was estimated to 93% by kronbakh α coefficient for Managers and teachers. Data of research was analyzed by descriptive and perceptive. On the basis of research data, it became clear that the effect of organizational, mental and physical parameters and design of test questions parameters on improving the quality of educational progress evaluation was more than average.Managers and teachers sample referred the most effect to mental parameters with average 3.94 and the lowest effect to organizational agents with average 3.60. The differences were significant about parameters like design of test questions in terms of responders positions(Managers,teacher) and physical parameters in terms of area (one and two) and effect of these factors in improving quality of educational progress evaluation and no significant difference was seen about other parameters in terms of position, area, education and record of service. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - The Effects of Covid-19 Prevalence on the levels of Sport Activities in Ilam City
Shamseddin Rezaei -
Open Access Article
218 - Analysis of the effect of window geometry on the thermal performance of the north and south facades of urban housing in the cold climate of Hamedan City
HOJJAT GHIASVANDIntroduction: In a cold climate, it is necessary to correctly determine the window geometry parameters in order to access sunlight and improve thermal performance. The window is one of the main factors that can increase the demand for cooling energy in summer and reduce MoreIntroduction: In a cold climate, it is necessary to correctly determine the window geometry parameters in order to access sunlight and improve thermal performance. The window is one of the main factors that can increase the demand for cooling energy in summer and reduce heating energy in winter. Therefore, the goal is to investigate the effect of window geometry parameters (WWR, U, SHGC, Shading) on energy consumption, in order to determine the optimal window level of the cold climate urban housing of Hamedan city. The ratio of the surface of the window to the wall and its geometric parameters, as an independent variable, and the amount of energy consumption, is a dependent variable. Methodology: The type of research is quantitative and based on the numerical data of the window-to-wall surface (WWR) and energy simulation, and statistical methods have been used in the analysis of the findings. In the data analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, variance comparison analysis and follow-up tests were used to determine the relationship between the variables and determine the optimal level (WWR). This study in four stages; Investigating the window-to-wall surface ratio (WWR) of traditional houses, the effect of the WWR of the north and south facades of contemporary housing on building energy, the optimization of WWR due to variables (U, SHGC, SHADING) and the determination of the optimal level have been carried out.The statistical population of this research is in the first part of the selected houses of traditional housing in Hamadan city and to simulate contemporary housing, of the northern and southern parts in the new texture (conventional linear pattern) with an area of 240 square meters in each plot. Results: the results showed that; The southern front of traditional housing has 55.69% more glass wall surface than the north-facing front. In the contemporary context of Hamadan city, adding windows to the south-facing walls reduces the heating, lighting and final energy, and the north-facing walls increase the cooling, heating and final energy. The south-facing front has a better thermal performance than the north-facing front with a decrease in final energy (-21.55%). In cold climate, the lower the value of U and SHGC, the lower the energy consumption and the type of relationship is direct. For the north face, shading has no effect on energy consumption. But for the southern front, horizontal and combined fixed shading are effective and reduce cooling energy and increase heating energy, so to prevent the increase of heating energy due to the creation of fixed shading, movable shading can be used, Or it is better to reduce the amount of heating energy consumption by increasing the vertical distance of the awning from the top of the window. Conclusion: On the south front, the optimal window-to-wall level equal to 60% WWR has a final load reduction of -18.52%, and on the north facing front, WWR = 40% has a final load reduction of -8.38%. Based on the results, a revision proposal has been presented in Appendix 10, Topic 19 of the National Building Regulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Modeling ice and snow accretion for designing power lines (case study: Baladeh Nur)
Golamali Ahmadi Golamreza Janbaz Ghobadi Sadrodin Motavali Shahriar KhalediWith the development of urban and rural areas, specifically in the foothills and mountainous areas of West Mazandaran province, electricity supply has become a necessity today. On the other hand, due to the massive climate changes in recent decades, which in turn has ca MoreWith the development of urban and rural areas, specifically in the foothills and mountainous areas of West Mazandaran province, electricity supply has become a necessity today. On the other hand, due to the massive climate changes in recent decades, which in turn has caused sudden snow and freezing in this region, the map of snow and ice loads that has been developed previously by the Ministry of Energy is not applicable anymore, or has not been reviewed for many newly developed urban and rural areas. Therefore, in this research, we try to calculate snow and ice loads by using the latest data, meteorological statistics and statistical methods for the design of electricity transmission lines. For this purpose, by using meteorological data (from 2005 to2018) for Baladeh area and using simulation method provided by laboratory and engineering institute of cold regions (CCREL), the program is applied to calculate the amount of ice thickness in Excel environment. They were written at two heights of 10 and 35 meter (average height of the cables) and then the histograms were plotted using the Smada software. In this research, the statistical parameter of ice load has been investigated in the multi-year return periods for the mountainous area of Baladeh as one of the most important loadings on the transmission tower. Finally, nominal values with different return periods are proposed. The results showed that for the design of power transmission lines with a return period of less than 50 years, the region of Baladeh is a heavy region, and with the return period of more than 50 years, it is a super-heavy region (in accordance with the code).In this research, the statistical parameter of ice load has been investigated in the multi-year return periods for the mountainous area of Baladeh as one of the most important loadings on the transmission tower. Finally, nominal values with different return periods are proposed. The results showed that for the design of power transmission lines with a return period of less than 50 years, the region of Baladeh is a heavy region, and with the return period of more than 50 years, it is a super-heavy region (in accordance with the code). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Investigating artificial neural networks versus regression models in predicting MI mortality based on climatic elements in Sanandaj
Bromand Salahi Seyed Asaad Hosseini Kaweh MohammadpourTo analyze the relationship between mortality due to Myocardial Infarction (MI) with climatic parameters and its prediction, the ability of artificial neural network models, and linear and nonlinear regression in Sanandaj was evaluated. The dependent variable is the tot MoreTo analyze the relationship between mortality due to Myocardial Infarction (MI) with climatic parameters and its prediction, the ability of artificial neural network models, and linear and nonlinear regression in Sanandaj was evaluated. The dependent variable is the total number of MI mortality. 54 months out of 60 in the sample period (2014-2018) were dedicated to training the ANNs model and, the remaining six months were given to test the ANNs model. By a selection of the monthly average temperature, a monthly average of maximum and minimum temperature, the average of the maximum and minimum air pressure measured at earth surface, the total number of sunny hours, and the number of days that their temperature is equal to or less than zero as input, a three-layer perceptron accompanied the didactic Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and a hidden layer which contained 13 neurons and movable function of sigmoid tangent had the best possible output (the number of MI mortality). The results showed that in the relationship between the monthly MI mortality with the climatic parameters of Sanandaj, The relative error for multiple linear and nonlinear regression models is 22.3% and 22.1%, respectively, while for the ANNs model, it is 2.6%. The results also showed that according to the model error, using ANNs model as a nonlinear method in predicting and diagnosing the relationship between climatic parameters and mortality due to MI in Sanandaj could be considered an efficient and powerful tool in comparison with regression models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - کاربرد درخت دوجملهای در محاسبه پارامترهای حساسیت ریسک و قیمت اختیارمعامله در بورس سهام
سید علی نبوی چاشمی جابر قاسمی چالیحوزه­های فعالیت ابزارها و فرایندهای نوین مالی مواردی چون نوآوری در مهندسی ابزارهای مالی و مدیریت ریسک را در بر می­گیرد. ابزارهای مشتقه و به­طور خاص؛ قرارداد اختیار معامله سهام نیز بخشی از این نوآوری­ها است. از بین روش­های کمّی برای محاسبه­ ا Moreحوزه­های فعالیت ابزارها و فرایندهای نوین مالی مواردی چون نوآوری در مهندسی ابزارهای مالی و مدیریت ریسک را در بر می­گیرد. ابزارهای مشتقه و به­طور خاص؛ قرارداد اختیار معامله سهام نیز بخشی از این نوآوری­ها است. از بین روش­های کمّی برای محاسبه­ ارزش مشتقات و پارامترهای حساسیت ریسک اختیار معامله، مدل دوجمله­ای به وفور مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد. در این پژوهش قیمت اختیار خرید و اختیار فروش­ و پارامترهای پنج­گانه دلتا (Delta)، گاما (Gamma)، وگا (Vega)، تتا (Theta) و رو (Rho) برای 37 شرکت فعال سه ماهه سوم سال 1391 توسط مدل دوجمله­ای محاسبه شده است. ابتدا بر ­اساس قیمت­های پایانی سه ماه چهارم سال 1391، نوسان­پذیری سهام به صورت انحراف معیار بازده کسب شده توسط سهام هر یک از شرکت­ها برآورد شده و قرارداد اختیار معامله با سررسید 6 ماهه (انقضاء در پایان شهریور 1392) بر روی سهام این شرکت­ها صادر گردیده است. با تحلیل خروجی­های مدل و بررسی مسیر حرکت و تغییرات قیمت سهام و قیمت اختیار به کمک مدل دوجمله­ای و نیز سنجش حساسیت قیمت اختیار به تغییرات (تغییر در قیمت سهام، دلتا، نوسان، زمان باقی مانده تا سررسید و نرخ بهره) توسط پارامترها، چگونگی مدیریت ریسک مواضع معاملاتی اتخاذ شده از سوی سرمایه­گذاران بیان شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Evaluation of genetic diversity in some bread wheat genotypes under drought stress conditions using germination stage indices
زهرا مروتی محمد نورانیIn order to investigate phenotypic and genotypic correlations between Characteristics affecting the germination stage and genetic variation and estimating the genetic parameters of these indices in Drought and normal conditions, 19 genotypes of bread wheat were cultivat MoreIn order to investigate phenotypic and genotypic correlations between Characteristics affecting the germination stage and genetic variation and estimating the genetic parameters of these indices in Drought and normal conditions, 19 genotypes of bread wheat were cultivated inCompletely randomized design with three replications in the Laboratories, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding of Agricultural Research Campus Natural Resources of Razi University of Kermanshah, Iran In the germination stage was evaluated. The results of variance analysis (ANOVA) showed significant differences for the Germination Percentage (GP), coleoptile Length (KL), Mean Germination Time (MGT), Cofficent of Velocity of Germination (CVG), Average Velocity of Germination (AVG) and Vigor index (SV) under stress and normal condition indicating. The presence of a considerable genotypic variation and possibility of selection of drought tolerant genotypes. The presence of a considerable genotypic variation and possibility of selection of drought tolerant genotypes. According to the biplot obtained in the laboratory conditions (germination test) genotype (16) was located in group A. A high positive genetic and phenotypic relation was observed between GP, AVG, SV and RL, which is completely in line with results of the relation between traits by GTbiplot. High heritability and genetic gain were observed for GP, AVG and SV that reflect the additive gene action. Accordingly, the selection method for studied traits in examined genotypes effective. Cluster analysis using Ward method, based on the traits, classified the genotypes in three different groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Plastic deformation analysis in parallel tubular channel angular pressing (PTCAP)
Ghader Faraji Mahmoud Mousavi Mashhadia -
Open Access Article
224 - Neotectonic Activities Survey of karaj basin by using Geomorphic Parameters
Mojtaba Yamani Shahnaz AlizadehDrainages has been reacting to changes in stream bed to different forms. Case study area has located in Alborz state and in upper of the Mehrshahr of karaj. Since basin has located on the bound shake faults and as big and high population cities is in this area, so study MoreDrainages has been reacting to changes in stream bed to different forms. Case study area has located in Alborz state and in upper of the Mehrshahr of karaj. Since basin has located on the bound shake faults and as big and high population cities is in this area, so study of tectonic Activities position is essential in this area. In this paper has tried Neotectonic and its effects on the valleys and rivers direction to survey by using of Af, SL,S,BR,P,T,Smf and Hi parameters. Research method is being analytical – comparisonal. For analysis has used WMS and Arc GIS softwares. For more careful survey of Neotectonic activities in area, case study basin has dispensed to four sub basin, such as Rajayishahr, Kamalshahr, Elahiyeh and Chahardangeh. The research result shown that tectonic has been activing in different parts of basin, and since western sub basin of area (chahardangeh sub basin) has weakly activity of tectonic in five geomorphic parameters , so this part of basin has relative equilibrium and to run from stage of erosion puberty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Some quantitative indicators and leaf pigment content of old beech in the pure and mixed stand (Case study: Asalem- Nav forests of Guilan)
Mir mozafar Fallah chai mehdi simaei niloofar mohamadzadehThe beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) is one of elite and extremely valuable species in the forests of northern Iran, which examining the quantitative indicators in both pure and mixed stand can be characterized the recovery or destruction of a forest population. In order MoreThe beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) is one of elite and extremely valuable species in the forests of northern Iran, which examining the quantitative indicators in both pure and mixed stand can be characterized the recovery or destruction of a forest population. In order to, after the jungle cruise and field study in Asalem-Nav forests, a pure and mixed stand of parcel 319 with an area of 54 acres that have similar conditions were examined. Then 30 poles of old beech trees with a diameter of more than one meter were selected randomly and some of quantitative and qualitative characteristics were measured. The results showed there was no significant difference between beeches of two stands about the diameter at breast height, total height, trunk length and percentage of trunk length slenderness. Also, Qualitative variables of crown symmetry in both symmetric and asymmetric, trunk twisting in three modes (Lack of twisting, sensible twisting to the right, A subtle twisting to the left), mode of branching on beech tree trunk with divisions of branchless, low-branching and high branching have significant differences at the 95% probability level. Furthermore, allelopathic performance of a variety of tree species in the adjacent beech mixed stand led to a significant reduction in the content of photosynthetic pigments chl.a, chl.a+b and carotenoids. Whereas flavonoid concentration in the mixed stand indicated a considerable increase compared to the pure population. Thus, it can be concluded that some quantitative traits in the same ecological conditions are not affected by the adjacent species of beech. The results also indicated that the percentage of symmetry in the crown of the trees in pure stand is more but the high average of the tree length and asymmetry crown in mixed stand can due to the existence of other species and compete for more light. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Comparative study of biochemical parameters of Pinus nigra and P. elderica cultivated in the area around Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex and Kantuyeh
حکیمه علومی فرخنده رضانژاد بتول کرامتIn this study, two pine species planted around Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex including Pinus nigra and P. elderica were sampled. Plants from Kantuyeh garden (at a distance of 9 km away from the factory) as a control area were also sampled. Parameters such as photosynthetic MoreIn this study, two pine species planted around Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex including Pinus nigra and P. elderica were sampled. Plants from Kantuyeh garden (at a distance of 9 km away from the factory) as a control area were also sampled. Parameters such as photosynthetic pigments, phenolic compounds, proteins, and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activity were compared in the samples obtained from the two regions. Both species showed less photosynthetic pigments in the area around the factory compared to the control area. Antioxidant enzymes activity was higher in the area around the factory in both species under study. The results suggested the existence of stress conditions for the plants cultivated in the area around Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex which is shown in antioxidant enzymes activity and phenolic compounds concentrations and also higher protein content in P. nigra; these species are capable to resist the pollution in the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Effect of different levels of treated urban wastewater on growth and some physiological characteristics of Althaea officinalis
Ahmad Mohtadi Forozan Ghasemi Athar Sadat Javanmard Shokoofeh HajihashemiTreated wastewater is important for plant irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions. Althaea officinalis belongs to the Malvaceae family and contains high levels of glazed compounds and mucilage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of MoreTreated wastewater is important for plant irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions. Althaea officinalis belongs to the Malvaceae family and contains high levels of glazed compounds and mucilage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of ‏ ‏urban wastewater on growth and some ‎physiological characteristics of Althaea officinalis. The seeds of A. officinalis were cultured in the pots containing perlite. The plants were treated with different levels of urbane wastewater of Yasouj (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) in three replications. The experiment was conducted in the form of randomized complete blocks design. The plants were harvested after three weeks’ irrigation with different concentrations of wastewater for further analysis. The results have shown that wastewater treatments increased the fresh and dry weight of shoots, the leaf area, the height of plant and roots length. The highest growth rate was obtained in plants irrigated with un-diluted wastewater. In response to wastewater treatment, the amount of photosynthetic pigments including chlorophylls a, b, a+b, and carotenoids increased and the highest level of increase was observed at 100% of wastewater. Anthocyanins and flavonoids increased in response to wastewater irrigation while proteins decreased. No cadmium and lead were detected in the leaves and roots of wastewater-irrigated plants. Overall, the results of this study showed a positive response of A. officinalis to urbane-wastewater-irrigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - The effects of potassium and gibberellin alone or in combination on the pigments and growth parameters of lentil (Lens culinaris L.)
گیتی Barzin, R.A Khavari-Nejad, حمید Fahimi, ُُS Saadatmand,In this study, we evaluated the effects of potassium (5, 10, 15, and 20mM KCl) and gibberellin (0.05 and 0.1mM), either alone or in combination, on the amount of carotenoids and chlorophyll a & b and also on the plant growth parameters including NAR and RGR on 37&nd MoreIn this study, we evaluated the effects of potassium (5, 10, 15, and 20mM KCl) and gibberellin (0.05 and 0.1mM), either alone or in combination, on the amount of carotenoids and chlorophyll a & b and also on the plant growth parameters including NAR and RGR on 37–day plants of lentil. It showed that the amount of above mentioned pigments was affected by various levels of either potassium or gibberellin alone. In addition, all of the plant growth parameters increased significantly by each of the evaluated levels of potassium and GA3. However, the combination of K and GA3 did not have any additive effect either on the pigment content or on the plant growth parameters. We concluded that the addition of potassium and gibberellin to a growing lentil might increase the amount of carotenoid and chlorophyll and enhanced the plant growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Investigation of some growth and physiological traits changes and heavy metals accumulation in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under different climates cultivation
Habibioallah Farokhi Ahmad Asgharzadeh Maliheh Kazemi SamadiSaffron (Crocus sativus L.) the most valuable agricultural and pharmaceutical product in the world, has a special place among Iran's industrial and export products. The aim of this study was to study the changes in quantitative, qualitative, physiological traits, and he MoreSaffron (Crocus sativus L.) the most valuable agricultural and pharmaceutical product in the world, has a special place among Iran's industrial and export products. The aim of this study was to study the changes in quantitative, qualitative, physiological traits, and heavy metals accumulation in cultivated saffron samples in three important saffron producing provinces, North Khorasan (Shirvan city), Razavi Khorasan (Torbat-Heydariyeh city), and South Khorasan (Ghaen city), based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019-2020 crop year.In this study, quantitative traits (flower and stigma yield), qualitative traits (safranal, picrocrocin, and crocin content extracted by aqueous method and measured by spectrophotometry), physiological characteristics (anthocyanin, flavonoid, total phenol, and antioxidant activity extracted by alcohol andmeasured by spectrophotometry) and the selenium, lead, and nickel metals accumulation (by acid extraction and atomic absorption measurements) were investigated. Also, the effect of climatic parameters on quantitative and qualitative yield was investigated. The results showed that the samples cultivated in these provinces had significant differences in terms of quantitative, qualitative, physiological, and metal accumulation characteristics. North and Razavi Khorasan provinces with the highest flowers and stigmas yield, as well as safranal and crocin content, had the highest quantity and quality.In addition, the highest anthocyanins, flavonoids, and total phenol content, antioxidant activity, and lead content was obtained in North Khorasan province. The two climatic parameters of relative humidity content and average annual rainfall had a high correlation with quantitative and qualitative yield and are the most influential environmental factors on the quantity and quality of saffron. In general, North and Razavi Khorasan provinces had a significant advantage in terms of quantitative and qualitative yield of saffron compared to South Khorasan provinces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - A Comparative Analysis of the Relationship between Development and Urbanization in Iran and the World
Kaveh Aminnedzad Bakhtyar EzaatpanahSo far, the process of urbanization in different parts of the world and from different aspects has been discussed, one of the aspects of the topics and focus areas of the city that has attracted many researchers. Dedication and effort in examining the relationship betwe MoreSo far, the process of urbanization in different parts of the world and from different aspects has been discussed, one of the aspects of the topics and focus areas of the city that has attracted many researchers. Dedication and effort in examining the relationship between cities and the urbanization of countries can discuss and present an assessment of the degree of health or lack of healthcare developments of socio – economic status. In this way, the stronger the correlation between development and urbanization process, the more developed and improved from socio - economic status it will be. Having this purpose in mind, primarily the researcher has spent time analyzing the urbanization systems in the North and the South Countries referring to such indexes as Net Gross Product while addressing Provinces in Iran the amount of income along with the achieved profit and comparing them with the rate of urbanization across the country. In this paper an analytical - comparative method is deployed to research the advantage and the measure of development and urbanization of Iran along with rating provincial ranking techniques. The results show that the strength and degree of correlation between economic and human development indicates poor correlation between urbanization process and indicators of human development; an understanding that does not follow any predictable pattern of change and development . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Effective measurement of physical parameters in the old tissue
Mojtaba SabetKoushkyNyan Hojat HatamyNedjad Hussain HatamyNedjadPlanningthe old texture of cities is the revitalization or reconstruction of the core of the city that most of the time includes dense Disney narrow and twisting streets and alleys. Historic and old textures of Iran’s cities that in the most cases construct MorePlanningthe old texture of cities is the revitalization or reconstruction of the core of the city that most of the time includes dense Disney narrow and twisting streets and alleys. Historic and old textures of Iran’s cities that in the most cases construct basic and elementary center of those cities are cultural and historic heritage of those cities, and their conservation, physical and functional rehabilitation is necessary and unavoidable. On the hand, most of these textures, as the time passed and unsuitable conservation and attention is in progress, are obliterated from view point of physical and functional dimension. Knowledge of physical and functional situation of these fabrics in order to deploy conservation planning and management, is one of the important and elementary actions to take. Old texture of Torghabeh city is about 20 hectare that has been analyzed and assessed according to physical characters in this study. In this research, the library-based and field-based data were collected and analyzed using quantitative analytic and descriptive methods such as frequency tables, proportion and percentage tables, graphs and classification methods. The results is presented in form of classification maps. Results of this research show that firstly, physical condition of this texture’s districts is variable; secondly, every district has different situation from view point of any indicator; thirdly, generally and with respect to all the mentioned physical characteristics, no one of historic fabric’s districts have suitable situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Adsorption of phosgene on Al12N12 nanocluster: Quantum chemical study
A Amiri Reza Ghiasi Karim Zare Reza Fazaeli -
Open Access Article
233 - Quantum chemical study of the adsorption of phosgene on Al12N12 nano-cluster
Asma Amiri Reza Ghiasi Karim Zare Reza Fazaeli -
Open Access Article
234 - نظریه و آموزش فوئرشتاین: تجسم تجربه یادگیری با واسطه در آموزش گرامر
Effat Hadidi Zavareh Abdollah Baradaran Bahram Mowlaieتئوری تجربه یادگیری میانجی­محور بر این باور است که توسعه شناختی و روانشناختی فرد و همچنین عملکردش به­عنوان فردی مستقل ، تحت­تاثیر میزان و چگونگی تعاملات میانجی­گرانه­ای می­باشد که آن فرد تجربه می­کند. این مطالعه سعی دارد روش تجربه یادگیری میا Moreتئوری تجربه یادگیری میانجی­محور بر این باور است که توسعه شناختی و روانشناختی فرد و همچنین عملکردش به­عنوان فردی مستقل ، تحت­تاثیر میزان و چگونگی تعاملات میانجی­گرانه­ای می­باشد که آن فرد تجربه می­کند. این مطالعه سعی دارد روش تجربه یادگیری میانجی­محور را با اجرای اصول دوازده­گانه­اش ، در طرح درسی که برای تدریس زمان حال استمراری در یک کلاس گرامرطراحی شده است ، عملیاتی کند. عملیاتی­کردن روش تجربه یادگیری میانجی­محور در تدریس باعث ایفای نقش معلم در تحقق یادگیری پایای دانش­آموز و رهبری دیگر معلمان ، همچنین سبب توسعه فرآیندهای کاوشی حل مساله و تفکر و یادگیری مستقل ، که نیاز عصر دانش­محور اخیر است ، در دانش­آموز می­شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Relationship between Iranian EFL High School Students’ Knowledge of Universal Grammar and their Performance on Standardized General English Proficiency Tests
Mohammad Mahdi Sharifi Ahmadreza Lotfi -
Open Access Article
236 - Effect of Shock Factors Affecting Financial Crises in Iran's Economy: Autoregressive Vector Models Variable-Time Parameters
ozra bayani teimur mohammadi javid bahrami Hossein TavakolianThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of shocks on factors affecting financial crises in Iran's economy. In this study 62 explanatory variables were introduced into the model between 1370: 1 and 1395: 4 and, using the Bayesian averaging model approach MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of shocks on factors affecting financial crises in Iran's economy. In this study 62 explanatory variables were introduced into the model between 1370: 1 and 1395: 4 and, using the Bayesian averaging model approach, 12 non-critical variables that were effective on the financial crisis were identified. According to the results of the results, it can be stated that the financial crisis index in Iran's economy is a multi-dimensional problem, as variables related to fiscal policy; monetary policy and foreign exchange policy affect this index. Based on the results of the Autoregressive Vector Models Variable-Time Parameters, it was also observed that the effect of selected variables on financial crises in Iran over the course of time has had different effects and in recent years the intensity of the effect of selected variables has been strengthened. One of the fundamental solutions is that policies that reduce inflation uncertainty, such as the fiscal and monetary discipline of the government and the central bank, reduce crisis expectations by stabilizing the currency and currency markets can reduce crisis uncertainty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Predicting the Influence of Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) Parameters on the Finished Work Surface in CK45 Steel
Esmaeil Jafari Ahmad Afsari Sina Abedpour -
Open Access Article
238 - Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) Approach for Optimization of the Surface Grinding Process
Ahmad Afsari Mohammad Ramezani Shahin Heidari Jafar Karimi -
Open Access Article
239 - Machining Operation Parameters in Drilling Process; Variation of Thrust Forces in Epoxy Based Nanocomposites
Hamzeh Shahrajabian Masoud Farahnakian Mehdi Moghri -
Open Access Article
240 - Manufacturing of Aluminum Thin Cylindrical Parts By Using Friction Stir Welding Method
Ahmad Reza Sabet Hamid Montazerolghaem -
Open Access Article
241 - Relationship Between Operational Performance in Industrial Manufacturing Companies with Approaches of Innovation, Quality, Efficiency and Productivity
Marzieh Horry Najafabadi Mehrdad Nikbakht Ahmadreza Shekarchizadeh -
Open Access Article
242 - Investigation of the Model of Microscopic Contact Parameters for Grinding M200 Using Elastic Abrasive Tool
Hassan Gheisari -
Open Access Article
243 - An Experimental Investigation on Surface Roughness and Edge Chipping in Micro Ultrasonic Machining
Hamid Zarepour -
Open Access Article
244 - Relationship between Technology Management and Operational Performance in Manufacturing Companies
Marzieh Horry Mehrdad Nikbakht Ahmadreza Shekarchizadeh -
Open Access Article
245 - Adaptive control of nonlinear time delay systems in the presence of output constraints
Fatemeh Mohammadzamani Mahnaz Hashemi Ghazanfar ShahgholianControlling systems in industrial processes are subject to problems such as the limitation of system signals, the uncertainties of parameters, the time delay and the failure of actuators. The design of the controller, which can satisfy the constraints, counteract and om MoreControlling systems in industrial processes are subject to problems such as the limitation of system signals, the uncertainties of parameters, the time delay and the failure of actuators. The design of the controller, which can satisfy the constraints, counteract and omit these effects, has attracted much attention.On the other hand, the issue of time delay is so serious and effective, which can make the system unstable and disrupt the process. Many of the devices in the systems, such as sensors and actuators, may be defective. The important thing is that any of the above or even system parameters may be uncertain. Identifying, estimating and fixing the destructive effects of the problems mentioned by the controller of the system.The proposed method of control for nonlinear systems in the presence of an uncertain parameters, delay and faults in actuators. There is no need to limit the parameters, delays, and fault of the actuators. This comparative method is capable of guaranteeing the overall boundary of all closed-loop system signals and the convergence of tracking errors to a small neighborhood around the origin. At the end, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control method Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - An Improved Method for Online Fault Location Based on the Phasor Measurement Unit in Transmission Lines Considering the Thermal Limit
Mohammad Reza Rezaei Seyed Reza Hadian Amrei Mohammad Reza MivehIn this paper, an improved online method for simultaneous estimation of parameters and fault location in transmission lines based on Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) installed on both sides of the transmission line is proposed. Unlike offline methods, the proposed method MoreIn this paper, an improved online method for simultaneous estimation of parameters and fault location in transmission lines based on Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) installed on both sides of the transmission line is proposed. Unlike offline methods, the proposed method does not depend on the geometric characteristics of the lines, the fault resistance and the impedance of the equivalent Thevenin sources. The most important application of line modeling is to estimate the thermal rating of transmission lines, which limits the power transmission capacity. Offline methods cause part of the power transmission capacity to be unused and create unrealistic congestion in the transmission system. Therefore, the estimation must be determined in a way that is online and has the appropriate accuracy and speed. Calculating the thermal rating is a complex task that requires estimating the parameters of the lines, calculating the temperature of the lines and determining the climatic conditions of the environment around the studied lines. Therefore, a new method based on a combination of direct conductor temperature monitoring method and method based on climatic conditions is proposed in this paper. In this method, first, the parameters of the transmission line are estimated and then using these parameters and the weather conditions of the desired line, the thermal rating is calculated online. In this paper, the Nonlinear Least Squares (NLS) method is used to perform the process of simultaneously estimating the fault location and line parameters. The simulations were performed in the MATLAB software environment on a standard series capacitor-compensated transmission lines. The simulation results show that the proposed method has high accuracy and speed and can play a significant role in increasing the speed of line repairs and system reliability and reducing social and economic losses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - A Hybrid Algorithm for Fault Diagnosis using Fuzzy Clustering Tools
Adrián Rodríguez Ramos Pedro Juan Rivera-Torres Antônio José da Silva Neto Orestes Llanes-Santiago -
Open Access Article
248 - تاثیرات عصاره هیدروالکلی گل ختمی (Althaea officinalis L) بر برخی پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی و خونی ماهی کپور معمولی (Cyprinus carpio
فهیمه فلاح پور مهدی بنایی نرگس جوادزادهمقدمه و هدف: گیاه ختمی (Althae officinalis L.) یکی از معروف­ترین گیاهان دارویی است که به دلیل داشتن خواص ضد باکتریایی و آنتی­اکسیدانی در طب سنتی مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیر تجویز عصاره گل ختمی بر پارامترهای خونی و بیوشیمیا Moreمقدمه و هدف: گیاه ختمی (Althae officinalis L.) یکی از معروف­ترین گیاهان دارویی است که به دلیل داشتن خواص ضد باکتریایی و آنتی­اکسیدانی در طب سنتی مورد استفاده قرار می­گیرد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، بررسی تاثیر تجویز عصاره گل ختمی بر پارامترهای خونی و بیوشیمیایی در ماهی کپور است. روش تحقیق:در این آزمایش 150 عدد ماهی کپور معمولی (با میانگین وزنی 40/4±65/37 ) با جیره­های حاوی 0/0 (کنترل)، 5/2، 5 و 10 گرم عصاره گل ختمی به مدت 60 روز تغذیه شدند. سپس در روزهای 30 و 60 آزمایش، شاخص­های خون­شناسی و بیوشیمیایی ماهی­ها اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج و بحث: هیچ گونه تغییر معنی­داری در تعداد سلول قرمز خون، هموگلوبین، هماتوکریت و میانگین حجم گویچه­ها، تعداد نوتروفیل­ها، بازوفیل­ها و ائوزینوفیل­ها در ماهیانی که با غلظت­های مختلف عصاره گل ختمی به مدت 60 روز تغذیه شدند، مشاهده نگردید. تجویز عصاره ختمی (5 گرم) موجب افزایش معنی­داری در تعداد سلول­های سفید خون و لنفوسیت­ها در روز 60 شد. از سویی دیگر تجویز 5 و 10 گرم عصاره ختمی سبب کاهش معنی­دار منوسیت­ها گردید. تجویز عصاره ختمی در طی 60 روز تاثیر معنی­داری بر فعالیت آنزیم­های آلانین آمینوترانسفراز، آلکالین فسفاتاز و کراتین­فسفوکیناز و نیز سطح کراتینین خون نداشت. فعالیت آنزیم آسپارتات آیمنوترانسفراز و لاکتات دهیدروژناز پلاسما و همچنین سطح پروتئین کل پلاسما و آلبومین به طور معنی­داری در ماهیان تحت تیمار غلظت 10 گرم عصاره ختمی در بالاترین سطح قرار داشت. سح کلسترول و تری­گلیسرید نیز در گروه­های تحت تیمار غلظت­های 5 و 10 گرم عصاره ختمی به طور معنی­داری کاهش یافت. تغییرات معنی­داری مشاهده شده در فاکتورهای خونی و بیوشیمیایی ماهیان تحت تیمار غلظت 10 گرم عصاره ختمی ممکن است به سمیت سلولی نسبت داد؛ در حالی که تجویز 5/2 و 5 گرم عصاره ختمی تاثیر سوئی بر شاخص­های خونی و بیوشیمیایی ماهیان کپور در این مطالعه نداشت. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی:براساس این نتایج، تجویز پیش­بالینی غلظت­های مشخصی از عصاره گل ختمی (5/2 و 5 گرم) برای ماهیان کپور معمولی مفید بوده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - Convex Surface Visualization Using Rational Bi- cubic Function
Malik Zawwar Hussain Fareeha Saadia Maria Hussain -
Open Access Article
250 - Mapping Sequence diagram in Fuzzy UML to Fuzzy Petri Net
E. اکبری ر. نوریان توکلی H. موتمنی -
Open Access Article
251 - حالتهای عملکردی پروبیوتیک و اثر آن روی پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی و عملکرد رشد در طیور
م. ابد ال-فتاحفراهم کردن یک جیره سالم یکی از چالشهای مهم سلامتی در جهان برای حفظ سلامت و شرایط تغذیهای جمعیتها است. به این دلیل، استراتژیهای کنترلی جدیدی از قبیل پروبیوتیکها به عنوان پیشگیری کننده و درمان بجای آنتیبیوتیکها بکار گرفته شدهاند. به طور مشابه، پروبیوتیکها آثار آ Moreفراهم کردن یک جیره سالم یکی از چالشهای مهم سلامتی در جهان برای حفظ سلامت و شرایط تغذیهای جمعیتها است. به این دلیل، استراتژیهای کنترلی جدیدی از قبیل پروبیوتیکها به عنوان پیشگیری کننده و درمان بجای آنتیبیوتیکها بکار گرفته شدهاند. به طور مشابه، پروبیوتیکها آثار آنتاگونیستی روی میکروارگانیسمهای متنوع دخیل در چندین مکانیسم شامل بهبود عملکرد سد اپیتلیال روده، رقابت روی گیرندههای چسبنده، رقابت روی مواد مغذی در دسترس، آثار ضدباکتریایی، تجزیه و خنثیسازی سموم و اثر تعدیل کنندگی سیستم ایمنی دارند. علاوه بر این، پروبیوتیکها آثار مثبتی روی پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی دارند و میتوانند به عنوان مکمل­های جایگزین بهبود دهنده سلامتی شامل هیپوکلسترولومیا و کاهش قند خون استفاده شوند. پروبیوتیکها از طریق مکانیسمهای مختلفی در ارتباط با هیپوکلسترولومیا و هیپوگلایسمی توضیح داده شدهاند. همچنین، استفاده از پروبیوتیکها در خوراک سودمندی پروتئین در خوراک را افزایش میدهد. بنابراین، این بررسی سعی داشته است به طور کلی بینش در مورد نحوه عملکرد حالتهای پروبیوتیکها و اهمین آنها از نظر بیوشیمیایی را ارائه دهد. Manuscript profile -
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252 - Determination of in vitro Gas Production Kinetics by Adding Leucaena leucecophala and Corn Oil to the Ration in Different Ratios
C.T. Noviandi K. Kustaantinah A. Irawan B.P. Widyobroto A. Astuti -
Open Access Article
253 - Meat Qualities and Sensory Characteristics of Hararghe and Afar Rams Fed on Varying Energy and Protein Levels in the Diets
S. Gadissa M. Eshetu M. Urge A. Tolera F. Feyissa -
Open Access Article
254 - اثر پودر گیاه شیرین بیان و گزنه بر عملکرد رشد، جمعیت میکروبی شکمبه و برخی فراسنجه های خونی گوسفند
ر. راه چمنی م. فرامرزی ف. مسلمی پور ج. بیات کوهساراین پژوهش به ­منظور بررسی تأثیر پودر گیاه شیرین­ بیان و گزنه بر عملکرد، تخمیر و جمعیت میکروبی شکمبه و برخی متابولیتهای خونی گوسفند انجام شد. این تحقیق در قالب مربع لاتین تکرارشده 3 × 3 و با استفاده از 9 رأس گوسفند بالغ نژاد دالاق با میانگین وزن اول Moreاین پژوهش به ­منظور بررسی تأثیر پودر گیاه شیرین­ بیان و گزنه بر عملکرد، تخمیر و جمعیت میکروبی شکمبه و برخی متابولیتهای خونی گوسفند انجام شد. این تحقیق در قالب مربع لاتین تکرارشده 3 × 3 و با استفاده از 9 رأس گوسفند بالغ نژاد دالاق با میانگین وزن اولیه 2 ± 35 کیلوگرم در 3 دوره 21 روزه شامل 14 روز به ­­­­عنوان دوره عادت ­پذیری و 7 روز نمونه­ برداری انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل تیمار1 (شاهد)­: جیره پایه (بدون گزنه و شیرین ­بیان) و دو تیمار آزمایشی حاوی 10 درصد ماده خشک دریافتی پودر شیرین­ بیان (تیمار2) و گزنه (تیمار3) بودند. به ­منظور تعیین جمعیت میکروبی و اندازه­ گیری pH، نمونه ­های مایع شکمبه قبل از خوراک­ دهی صبح، 4 و 8 ساعت بعد از خوراک ­دهی صبح جمع­ آوری شدند. خون­ گیری در پایان هر دوره 2 ساعت بعد از خوراک ­دهی صورت گرفت. افزودن پودر گیاه گزنه و شیرین ­بیان خشک­ شده تأثیر معنی ­داری بر افزایش وزن روزانه، مصرف غذا، pH، ازت آمونیاکی، تعداد کل باکتری­ ها و کلی­فرم­ ها نداشت ولی ضریب تبدیل تیمار شیرین­ بیان نسبت به تیمار شاهد به­ طور معنی ­داری افزایش یافت (0.05>P). تعداد باکتری­ های اسید لاکتیک در تیمار شیرین ­بیان نسبت به تیمار گزنه، 8 ساعت بعد از خوراک ­دهی صبح کاهش معنی ­داری داشت. تیمار­های گزنه و شیرین­ بیان تأثیر معنی ­دار بر گلوکز، پروتئین کل، تری­ گلیسیرید، کلسترول و آلبومین خون نداشتند به طور­کلی شیرین ­بیان باعث کاهش باکتری­ های اسید لاکتیک و افزایش معنی­ دار ضریب تبدیل شد ولی بر سایر فاکتورها اثری نداشت و گزنه بر عملکرد، فراسنجه­ های خونی و شکمبه ­ای تأثیر نداشت. Manuscript profile -
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255 - Environmental and Genetic Factors Affecting Early Growth Traits in Three Yemeni Indigenous Sheep Breeds
A.M. Albial J. Singh -
Open Access Article
256 - اثرات مکمل جیره ای گوآنیدینو استیک اسید بر عملکرد، فراسنجه های خونی و کیفیت گوشت جوجه های گوشتی نر مبتلا شده به آسیت ناشی از سرما
ا. محبی فر م. ترکی ع. عبدالمحمدیبه منظور بررسی اثر افزودن سطوح مختلف گوآنیدینواستیک اسید به جیره ­های جوجه­ هـای گوشـتی مبتلا شده به آسیت بر شاخص ­های عملکرد تولیدی، فراسنجه ­های خونی، pH گوشت بررسی شد. برای این منظور از 640 قطعه جوجه خروس گوشتی (کاب) در 4 تیمار و 8 تکرار و 20 قطعه در Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر افزودن سطوح مختلف گوآنیدینواستیک اسید به جیره ­های جوجه­ هـای گوشـتی مبتلا شده به آسیت بر شاخص ­های عملکرد تولیدی، فراسنجه ­های خونی، pH گوشت بررسی شد. برای این منظور از 640 قطعه جوجه خروس گوشتی (کاب) در 4 تیمار و 8 تکرار و 20 قطعه در هر تکرار در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی استفاده شد. جوجه­ ها تا سن 42 روزگی در قفس پرورش داده شدند. تیمارها شامل یک جیره با سطح پروتئین معمول مطابق با احتیاجات کاب و سه جیره مکمل ­شده با گوآنیدینواستیک اسید با سطوح (0.06، 0.12 و 0.18) انجام شد. هر تیمار در 8 قفس باطری تکرار شده بود (20=n). در روز 14 به منظور افرایش آسیت دمای سالن پرورش کاهش یافت. نتایج نشان داد که سطوح مکمل گوآنیدینواستیک اسید تأثیر معنی ­داری بر عملکرد رشد داشت، به طوری که با افـزایش سـطح گوآنیـدینواستیک اسید به خصوص در سطح 0.12 شاخص ­های عملکرد تولیدی بهبود یافتند. تلفات ناشی از آسیت در اثر مصرف گوآنیدینواستیک اسید به خصوص در سطح 0.12 نسبت به شاهد، به طور معنی داری کاهش یافت. بدین ­ترتیب مصرف گوآنیدینواستیک اسید سبب کاهش معنی ­دار میزان تلفات ناشی از آسیت نسبت به شاهد گردید (0.05>P). تلفات ناشی از آسیت با افزایش سطح گوآنیدینواستیک اسید درجیره به ­طور درجه دوم افزایش یافت. وزن نسبی اندام­ های لنفوئیدی و نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت تحت تأثیر جیره­ های مصرفی قرار نگرفت. تغذیه جیره ­های مکمل شده با گوآنیدو استیک اسید سبب کاهش معنی­ دار pH گوشت شد. اگر چه افزایش خطی و درجه دوم هم در تیمارهای آزمایشی مشاهده شد. به طورکلی، نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که افزودن گوآنیدینواستیک اسید می­تواند منجر به کاهش سندرم آسیت شود. Manuscript profile -
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257 - مطالعه عوامل فنوتیپی و ژنتیکی مؤثر بر بازدهی تولید مثلدر طول عمر میشهای لری بختیاری
م. وطن خواهعوامل فنوتیپی و ژنتیکی مؤثر بر بازدهی تولید مثل در خلال طول عمر یک میش با استفاده از 8202 رکورد صفات تولید مثلی در طول عمر 2478 رأس میش جمعآوری شده طی سالهای 1989 تا 2012 مربوط به گله تحقیقاتی ایستگاه گوسفند لری بختیاری (شولی) واقع در جنوب غربی ایران (شهرکرد) برآورد Moreعوامل فنوتیپی و ژنتیکی مؤثر بر بازدهی تولید مثل در خلال طول عمر یک میش با استفاده از 8202 رکورد صفات تولید مثلی در طول عمر 2478 رأس میش جمعآوری شده طی سالهای 1989 تا 2012 مربوط به گله تحقیقاتی ایستگاه گوسفند لری بختیاری (شولی) واقع در جنوب غربی ایران (شهرکرد) برآورد گردید. بازدهی تولیدمثلی در خلال فرصتهای برهزایی، از حاصل جمع همه زایشها به ازای هر رأس میش در معرض آمیزش محاسبه شد. بازدهی تولید مثل شامل تعداد شکم زایش (NP)، تعداد کل برههای متولد شده (TNLB)، تعداد کل برههای شیرگیری شده (TNLW)، کل وزن تولد برهها (TLBW)، کل وزن شیرگیری برهها (TLWW)، کل وزن شیرگیری به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن میش (TLWW/EBW) و کل وزن شیرگیری به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن متابولیکی میش (TLWW/MEBW) بودند. دادهها به وسیله مدل حیوانی چندصفتی شامل اثر عوامل ثابت سال تولد میش، تعداد زایمان در طول عمر میش، متغییر کمکی وزن بدن میش، و اثر عوامل تصادفی ژنتیکی افزایشی حیوان و باقیمانده تجزیه شدند. میانگین کل صفات مرتبط با بازدهی تولیدمثلی به ترتیب معادل 31/3، 31/3، 21/3، 51/16 کیلوگرم، 31/87 کیلوگرم، 51/1 و 16/4 بودند. انحراف استاندارد همه صفات مورد بررسی به خصوص برای صفت TLWW بالا بودند. اثر عوامل غیر ژنتیکی بر روی همه صفات مورد بررسی معنیدار بودند (01/0P<). برآوردهای وراثتپذیری متوسط (30/0) برای NP و پایین (08/0 تا 11/0) برای سایر صفات بودند. همبستگیهای ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی بین صفات بازدهی تولیدمثلی در طول عمر میش به ترتیب بالا (72/0 تا 99/0) و متوسط تا بالا ( 57/0 تا 99/0) برآورد شدند. بنابراین، بهبود عوامل محیطی در ابتدا میتواند بهبودی قابل ملاحظهای در همه صفات مرتبط با بازدهی تولیدمثلی ایجاد نماید. برآورد وراثتپذیری پایین تا متوسط و همبستگیهای ژنتیکی گرفته شده بین صفات تولیدمثلی در طول عمر میش و انحراف استاندارد فنوتیپی بالای آنها، نشان دهنده امکان بهبودی به وسیله انتخاب برای همه صفات میباشد، به خصوص انتخاب برای NP میتواند کل وزن شیرگیری به عنوان بازده خالص تولیدمثلی در میشهای لری بختیاری را افزایش دهد. Manuscript profile -
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258 - Effect of Replacing Bone Ash with Eggshell Meal on Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens
S.E. Alu -
Open Access Article
259 - اثر مکمل آنزیمهای روابیو و کمین بر برخی از فراسنجههای بیوشیمیایی خون، عملکرد و خصوصیات لاشه در جوجههای گوشتی
S. Goli H. Aghdam Shahryarآزمایشی برای برآورد تأثیر مکمل آنزیمهای خارجی بدن بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه و برخی از فراسنجههای بیوشیمیایی خون جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. 180 جوجه یکروزه با متوسط وزن 40 ± 2 گرم در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تیمار و چهار تکرار با جیرههای آزمایشی شامل 1) جیره بدون Moreآزمایشی برای برآورد تأثیر مکمل آنزیمهای خارجی بدن بر عملکرد، صفات لاشه و برخی از فراسنجههای بیوشیمیایی خون جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. 180 جوجه یکروزه با متوسط وزن 40 ± 2 گرم در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تیمار و چهار تکرار با جیرههای آزمایشی شامل 1) جیره بدون مکمل آنزیمی (شاهد) 2) جیره پایه + مولتی آنزیم روابیو 3) جیره پایه + مولتی آنزیم کمین تغذیه شدند. جیره گروههای آزمایشی بر پایه ذرت و کنجاله سویا و با انرژی و پروتئین یکسان تنظیم شدند. دادههای مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن بدن، ضریب تبدیل غذایی، سطوح کلسترول، تری گلیسرید، LDL، HDL برای سه دوره آغازین، رشد و پایانی و کل دورهی (49-1 روزگی) و خصوصیات لاشه در پایان آزمایش اندازهگیری شد. نتایج نشان داد تفاوت معنیداری بین جیرههای آزمایشی مختلف برای افزایش وزن، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل غذایی وجود دارد (05/0P<). کمترین مصرف خوراک و افزایش وزن بدن در گروه شاهد مشاهده شد در حالیکه بیشترین مقدار در گروههایی که مکمل آنزیمی مصرف کردند به دست آمد. همچنین ضریب تبدیل خوراک ضعیف در گروه شاهد و بهترین ضریب تبدیل خوراک در گروههایی که مکمل آنزیمی مصرف کردند، بود. افزودن آنزیم سبب افزایش معنیداری در غلظت HDL و کاهش تریگلیسرید، کلسترول و LDL خون در روزهای 21، 42 و 49 پرورشی شد (05/0P<). نتایج این آزمایش پیشنهاد میکند که مکمل مولتی آنزیم در جیرههای گوشتی میتواند بر بهبود عملکرد مؤثر باشد. Manuscript profile -
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260 - اثرات سطوح مختلف برگ سبز مو معمول و عملآوری شده بر عملکرد، صفات کیفی تخم مرغ و فراسنجههای خونی در مرغهای تخمگذار
A. Nobakhtاین آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف برگ سبز مو معمول و عملآوری شده با اوره بر عملکرد، صفات کیفی تخم مرغ و فراسنجههای خونی در مرغهای تخمگذار انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش تعداد 192 قطعه مرغ تخمگذارهای هایلاینW-36 از سن 35 تا 46 روزگی در 4 تیمار، 4 تکر Moreاین آزمایش به منظور ارزیابی اثرات سطوح مختلف برگ سبز مو معمول و عملآوری شده با اوره بر عملکرد، صفات کیفی تخم مرغ و فراسنجههای خونی در مرغهای تخمگذار انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش تعداد 192 قطعه مرغ تخمگذارهای هایلاینW-36 از سن 35 تا 46 روزگی در 4 تیمار، 4 تکرار و 12 قطعه مرغ در هر تکرار در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. گروههای آزمایشی شامل: 1) گروه شاهد، 2) گروه حاوی 3 درصد برگ سبز مو معمول، 3) گروه حاوی 3 درصد برگ سبز مو عملآوری شده با 5/0 درصد اوره و 4) گروه حاوی برگ سبز مو عملآوری شده با 1 درصد اوره بودند. بیشترین مقادیر مربوط به وزن و درصد تخم مرغ، تولید توده تخم مرغ، مصرف خوراک، ضریب تبدیل غذایی، هزینه خوراک به ازای هر کیلوگرم تخم مرغ تولیدی، وزن پوسته تخم مرغ، وزن زرده و واحد هاو در گروه 3 به دست آمد. استفاده از برگ سبز مو در جیرهها سطح لیپوپروتئینهای با چگالی بالا (HDL) را کاهش داد که کمترین مقدار با استفاده از جیره حاوی 3 درصد برگ مو عملآوری شده با 5/0 درصد اوره به دست آمد. کمترین تعداد گلبولهای سفید خون، هتروفیل و بیشترین درصد لمفوسیت و کمترین نسبت هتروفیل به لمفوسیت در گروه 4 مشاهده شد. نتیجهگیری نهایی نشان داد که در مرغهای تخمگذار، استفاده از 3 درصد برگ سبز مو عملآوری شده با اوره به طور معنیداری عملکرد، صفات کیفی تخم مرغ، هزینه خوراک و فراسنجههای خونی را بهبود میدهد. Manuscript profile -
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261 - تأثیر پودر کنگرفرنگی بر راندمان رشد، صفات لاشه و فراسنجههای خونی در جوجههای گوشتی
M. Tajodini F. Samadi S. Hasani S.R. Hashemi S. Samadiهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تأثیر مکمل نمودن جیره با کنگرفرنگی بر راندمان، صفات لاشه و برخی فراسنجه­های خونی جوجه­های گوشتی بود. تعداد 300 قطعه جوجه یکروزه (راس، 308)، به طور تصادفی به یکی از چهار تیمار تغذیه­ای شامل: جیره پایه (شاهد)، جیره پایه مکمل شده با 5/1 Moreهدف از این مطالعه، بررسی تأثیر مکمل نمودن جیره با کنگرفرنگی بر راندمان، صفات لاشه و برخی فراسنجه­های خونی جوجه­های گوشتی بود. تعداد 300 قطعه جوجه یکروزه (راس، 308)، به طور تصادفی به یکی از چهار تیمار تغذیه­ای شامل: جیره پایه (شاهد)، جیره پایه مکمل شده با 5/1 و 3 درصد پودر کنگرفرنگی و نیز 300 میلی­گرم ویتامین ای به ازای هر کیلوگرم جیره اختصاص داده شد. هر جیره به 5 تکرار با 15 پرنده در هر تکرار، به مدت 42 روز اختصاص داده شد. مکمل کردن جیره با 3 درصد پودر کنگرفرنگی به طور معنی­داری (05/0P<) وزن بدن را در مقایسه با گروه شاهد کاهش داد. مصرف خوراک بیشتر (05/0P<) در گروه تغذیه شده با 5/1 درصد پودر کنگرفرنگی منجر به راندمان غذایی بهتر در مقایسه با گروه شاهد شد. غلظت­های پلاسمایی کل پروتئین و گلوبولین خون در روز 21 آزمایش، در گروه تیمار شده با 5/1 درصد پودر کنگرفرنگی کمتر (05/0P<) و در گروه شاهد بیشتر بود (05/0P<). غلظت پلاسمایی آلبومین خون در طول آزمایش از نظر آماری بدون تغییر بود. غلظت­های پلاسمایی پروتئین تام، آلبومین و گلوبولین خون در بین گروههای آزمایشی در روز 42 آزمایش بدون تغییر بودند. تفاوتهای معنی­داری در درصد هتروفیل و لمفوسیت و نیز نسبت هتروفیل به لمفوسیت بین تیمارهای تغذیه­ای در روز 28 آزمایش مشاهد شد، به طوری­که در پرنده­های تغذیه شده با جیره مکمل شده با پودر کنگرفرنگی، درصد هتروفیل بیشتر و درصد لمفوسیت کمتر بوده و در نتیجه نسبت هتروفیل به لمفوسیت در مقایسه با شاهد بیشتر بود. پرنده­های تیمارشده با کنگرفرنگی به طور معنی­داری (05/0P<) کمترین وزن سینه و ران را نشان دادند. وزن پانکراس در گروههای تیماری 5/1 درصد کنگرفرنگی و 300 میلیگرم ویتامین ای به ترتیب بیشتر و کمتر بود. وزن قلب، چربی شکمی، سنگدان و پیش معده در بین تیمارهای تغذیه­ای معنی­دار نبود. به طور کلی، این مطالعه نشان داد که پودر کنگرفرنگی به عنوان آنتی ­اکسیدان طبیعی ممکن است اثرات مثبتی بر راندمان رشد و صفات لاشه جوجه­ها داشته باشد، ولی تحقیقات بیشتر مورد نیاز است. Manuscript profile -
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262 - تأثیر مکملسازی کوآنزیم کیو 10 بر عملکرد رشد، فعالیت آنزیمی و برخی فراسنجههای خونی در جوجههای گوشتی درگیر با سندرم افزایش فشار خونی ریوی (آسیت)
M. Fathiمطالعه حاضر برای بررسی اثرات مکمل­سازی کوآنزیم کیو 10 بر فعالیت آنزیم و فراسنجه­های خونی در جوجههای گوشتی درگیر با سندرم آسیت، انجام شد. 240 جوجه گوشتی نر سویه راس 308 به طور کاملاً تصادفی به 3 تیمار و برای هر تیمار 4 تکرار اختصاص یافتند. از روز 14 آزمایش، مقا Moreمطالعه حاضر برای بررسی اثرات مکمل­سازی کوآنزیم کیو 10 بر فعالیت آنزیم و فراسنجه­های خونی در جوجههای گوشتی درگیر با سندرم آسیت، انجام شد. 240 جوجه گوشتی نر سویه راس 308 به طور کاملاً تصادفی به 3 تیمار و برای هر تیمار 4 تکرار اختصاص یافتند. از روز 14 آزمایش، مقادیر0، 20 و 40 میلی­گرم به کیلوگرم خوراک پایه اضافه شد. همزمان هم با اعمال تیمارها، جهت القای آسیت، دمای سالن پرورشی به 15-10 درجه سانتیگراد کاهش یافت و این دما تا روز 42 حفظ گردید. تلفات نیر برای تشخیص دلیل مرگ و تعیین تلفات آسیتی به طور روزانه بررسی شدند. آزمایشات خونی، بیوشیمایی و پاتولوژیکی برای تشخص آسیت عبارت بودند از کل گلبولهای قرمز (RBC)، هموگلوبین (HGB)، هماتوکریت (HCT)، پروتئین و گلوکز خون، فعالیت آنزیم­های آلانین آمینوترانسفراز (ALT)، آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز (AST) و لاکتات دهیدروژناز (LDH). نمونه برداری از خون در روزهای 21 و 42 انجام شد. در پایان آزمایش، از هر قفس، 2 جوجه، به طور تصادفی انتخاب شده و بعد از کشتار، قبل آنها برداشته شد و بطن راست و بطن چپ از ناحیه سپتوم، جدا گشته و نسبت بطن راست به کل بطنها (RV/TV)، نیز محاسبه گشت. میانگین خوراک مصرفی، افزایش وزن حاصله و ضریب تبدیل غذایی نیز به طور هفتگی، از روز 15، اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که، مکمل­سازی 40 میلی­گرم کوآنزیم­کیو 10، سبب بهبود ضریب تبدیل غذایی شد (05/0P<). علاوه بر این، مکمل­سازی 40 میلی­گرم کوآنزیم ­کیو 10 در پرندگان سبب کاهش معنی­دار گلبول ­قرمز، گلوکز و پروتئین خون و هم چنین فعالیت آنزیم لاکتات­ دهیدروژناز پلاسما گشت. بین هموگلوبین و هماتوکریت خون پرندگان تیمارهای مختلف اختلاف معنی­داری مشاهده نشد. همچنین، سطح 40 میلی­گرم کوآنزیم­ کیو 10 سبب کاهش معنی­دار مالون ­دی­آلدئید (MDA)، تلفات آسیتی و شاخص نسبت بطن راست به کل بطن شد. نتیجه­گیری اینکه کوآنزیم­ کیو 10 می­تواند با اثرات آنتی ­اکسیدانی سبب ایجاد محافظت از سلولهای قلبی و گلبول قرمز شده واز تلفات آسیتی در جوجه­های گوشتی جلوگیری نماید. Manuscript profile -
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263 - نتایج عملکرد دئوکسیسایکلین روی کلنیهای زنبور عسل
ر. شومکُوا ر. بالکانسکا پی. هریستووهدف از این مطالعه برآورد اثر آنتیبیوتیک دئوکسیسایکلین روی توسعه بهاره کلنیهای زنبور عسل، ترکیب شیمیایی بدنهای زنبوران کارگر، توسعه غدههای هیپوفارنژیال و برخی پارامترهای فیزیکوشیمیایی عسل بود. آزمایش در طول تغذیه تحریککننده بهاره در مرکز تحقیقات کشت و کشاورزی، اسمو Moreهدف از این مطالعه برآورد اثر آنتیبیوتیک دئوکسیسایکلین روی توسعه بهاره کلنیهای زنبور عسل، ترکیب شیمیایی بدنهای زنبوران کارگر، توسعه غدههای هیپوفارنژیال و برخی پارامترهای فیزیکوشیمیایی عسل بود. آزمایش در طول تغذیه تحریککننده بهاره در مرکز تحقیقات کشت و کشاورزی، اسمولیان، بلغارستان، انجام شد. دو گروه از کلنیهای زنبور عسل تشکیل داده شدند-کنترل و آزمایشگاهی. گروه کنترل با محلول شکر (شکر/آب 1:1) و گروه آزمایشگاهی با اضافه کردن آنتیبیوتیک دئوکسیسایکلین در یک دز 500 میلیگرم/لیتر در محلول شکر تغذیه شد. مقادیر قابل توجه پایینتر برای استحکام کلنیهای زنبور عسل و میزان تولید زنبور عسل کارگر تغذیه شده با دئوکسیسایکلین نسبت به گروه کنترل بدست آمد. همبستگیهای قوی بین زنبوران کارگر و مقدار گرده زنبور عسل و مقدار عسل و گرده زنبور عسل در هر دو گروه یافت شد. از این مطالعه، این نتیجهگیری شد که توسعه غدد هیپوفارنژیال تحت تأثیر مثبت بعد از بکارگیری آنتیبیوتیک دئوکسیسایکلین در دز 500 میلیگرم/لیتر قرار نگرفت. براساس نتایج بدست آمده هیچ تفاوتی در پارامترهای فیزیکوشیمیایی نمونههای عسل از گروه کنترل و آزمایشگاهی وجود ندارد. در تمامی موارد تست برای باقیماندههای دئوکسیسایکلین در نمونههای عسل از گروه آزمایشی مرتبط و بالا بود. بنابراین، نویسندگان دئوکسیسایکلین را در زنبورداری توصیه نمیکنند. Manuscript profile -
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264 - اثر افزودن پریبیوتیک و ایزولوسین به جیرههای غذایی بر عملکرد و برخی فراسنجههای خونی در جوجههای گوشتی
ا. اژدر ن. ایلا ج. یدیبه منظور بررسی اثر پریبیوتیک (فرمکتو) و ایزولوسین و ترکیب آنها در جیره بر روی عملکرد و برخی فراسنجههای خونی جوجههای گوشتی در طول دوره پایانی، در ابتدای آزمایش تعداد 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308، یکروزه بر طبق کاتالوگ پرورش سویه راس تا 21 روزگی پرورش یافتند. جوجهه Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر پریبیوتیک (فرمکتو) و ایزولوسین و ترکیب آنها در جیره بر روی عملکرد و برخی فراسنجههای خونی جوجههای گوشتی در طول دوره پایانی، در ابتدای آزمایش تعداد 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308، یکروزه بر طبق کاتالوگ پرورش سویه راس تا 21 روزگی پرورش یافتند. جوجههای 21 روزه، به طور تصادفی در 4 تیمار و 5 تکرار در 20 قفس زمینی (در هر قفس 15 قطعه) تا 42 روزگی نگهداری شدند. جوجههایی که در گروه شاهد قرار گرفتند از جیره پایه ذرت-سویا و گندم تغذیه شدند. به گروههای آزمایشی 1/0 درصد پریبیوتیک و 04/0 درصد ایزولوسین افزوده گردید. در پایان آزمایش هم یک پرنده از هر پن خونگیری و توزین گردید وکشتار شدند. نتایج در پایان آزمایش نشان دادند که پریبیوتیک و ایزولوسین به طور معنیداری (05/0>P) سبب بهبود ضریب تبدیل غذایی و افزایش وزن و کلسترول سرم خون گردید ولی بر روی صفاتی چون: مصرف خوراک، میزان اوره، اسید اوریک، تری گلیسرید، LDL، HDL، VLDL، LDL/HDL سرم و پروتئین تام اثر معنیداری نداشت. Manuscript profile -
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265 - Effects of Weaning Age on Growth and Blood Parameters of Replacing Holstein Calves Fed on a Restricted Step Up and Down Milk Feeding Program
ص. سیف زاده م. رمضانی ج. سیفدعوتی ه. عبدی-بنمار و. رزمآذر -
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266 - Genetic Parameters for Body Weight and Laying Traits in Mazandaran Native Breeder Hens
A.A. Shadparvar B. Enayati -
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267 - Effect of Silage from Five Varieties of Corn Forage on Feed Intake, Digestibility, and Ruminal Parameters in Sheep
R. Iranmanesh M.M. Sharifi Hosseini R. Tahmasbi A. Maddahian O. Dayani -
Open Access Article
268 - تأثیر تزریق کبالت، مس و آهن در انتهای آبستنی بر فراسنجههای خونی میش و عملکرد برهها پس از تولد
م.ع. نوروزیان م. ملاکی ع.ا. خادم این مطالعه به منظور بررسی تأثیر تزریق عناصر معدنی کبالت، مس و آهن در انتهای آبستنی بر فراسنجههای خونی و همچنین عملکرد و توان زندهمانی برههای متولد شده انجام شد. تعداد 20 رأس میش آبستن به دو گروه تقسیم شده و به گروه تیمار در روز 120 آبستنی، عناصر معدنی به More این مطالعه به منظور بررسی تأثیر تزریق عناصر معدنی کبالت، مس و آهن در انتهای آبستنی بر فراسنجههای خونی و همچنین عملکرد و توان زندهمانی برههای متولد شده انجام شد. تعداد 20 رأس میش آبستن به دو گروه تقسیم شده و به گروه تیمار در روز 120 آبستنی، عناصر معدنی به مقدار 1/0 میلیلیتر به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن و به گروه شاهد همان مقدار سرم فیزیولوژیک تزریق شد. تزریق عناصر معدنی تأثیری بر فراسنجههای خون میشها نداشت. همچنین تفاوت معنیداری برای وزن تولد، دمای راست روده و وزن از شیرگیری برهها بین تیمارها مشاهده نشد. نمره زندهمانی شامل توان بلند شدن و شیرخوردن تفاوت معنیداری بین تیمارهای آزمایشی نداشت. به نظر میرسد که استفاده از مکملهای عناصر معدنی کم نیاز در انتهای آبستنی، تنها در شرایط کمبود این عناصر تأثیرگذار باشد. Manuscript profile -
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269 - اثر مکمل چربی و طول اندازه ذرات بر ترکیب شیر و تخمیر شکمبهایی گاوهای تغذیه شده از جیرههای حاوی سیلوی یونجه
م. شریفی ع. حسین خانی م. صوفی زاده ج. موسویهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر مکمل چربی بر افزایش اسید لینولئیک کانژوگه شیر (CLA) در اوایل شیردهی بدون تأثیر تخمیر شکمبهایی بر آن بود. 24 رأس گاو هلشتاین در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با فاکتوریل 2 × 4 مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. فاکتورها شامل اندازه ذرات (15 و 25 میلیمتر) Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر مکمل چربی بر افزایش اسید لینولئیک کانژوگه شیر (CLA) در اوایل شیردهی بدون تأثیر تخمیر شکمبهایی بر آن بود. 24 رأس گاو هلشتاین در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با فاکتوریل 2 × 4 مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. فاکتورها شامل اندازه ذرات (15 و 25 میلیمتر) و دو منبع مختلف یونجه همراه با و بدون چربی (یونجه خشک، یونجه خشک به علاوه 3 درصد چربی، سیلوی یونجه و سیلوی یونجه به علاوه 3 درصد چربی) بود. نتایج نشان داد که مکمل چربی هیچ تأثیری در وضعیت بدنی، عملکرد شیر، رفتارهای غذایی و اسید چرب C18 شیر نداشته است. سیلوی یونجه با چربی سبب افزایش قابل توجهی در مقدار میزان C18:1 و C18:2 در شکمبه و شیر نسبت به یونجه خشک با چربی داشته است. اندازه ذرات علوفه هیچ تأثیری بر تولید شیر، اسیدهای چرب C18 شیر، ازت آمونیاکی و بوتیرات در شکمبه نداشته است. مصرف ماده خشک، چربی شیر و اسید استیک با مکمل چربی کاهش یافته است. سیلوی یونجه اثر قابل توجهی در مصرف ماده خشک، چربی شیر، زمان نشخوار و تخمیر شکمبه داشته است. رفتار تغذیه با کاهش اندازه ذرات کاهش یافته است. نتایج نشان داد که سیلوی یونجه با چربی سبب افزایش تولید شیر، توسعه CLA شیر، بهبود متابولیتهای خونی و شکمبهایی و حفظ وزن بالاتر بدن در گاوهای شیری هلشتاین می شود Manuscript profile -
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270 - The Effects of Different Levels of Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita) Medicinal Plant onPerformance, Egg Traits and Blood Biochemical Parametersof Laying Hens
A. Nobakht M. Moghaddam -
Open Access Article
271 - رابطه کیفیت گوشت سینه جوجههای گوشتی و برخی پارامترهای خونی: مفاهیم رنگهای متفاوت پوششها و تماس بصری انسان
ا. درلی فیداناهداف این پژوهش برآورد ارتباط فنوتیپی میان صفات متنوع کیفی گوشت سینه، پارامترهای خونی و بیحرکتی صوتی از یک جوجه گوشتی و برای توضیح ارتباط میان این متغییرها بودند. جوجههای گوشتی به گروههای متفاوتی تقسیم شدند: (1) گروههای پوشش رنگی ارائه دهنده 4 رنگ متفاوت قرمز، آبی، Moreاهداف این پژوهش برآورد ارتباط فنوتیپی میان صفات متنوع کیفی گوشت سینه، پارامترهای خونی و بیحرکتی صوتی از یک جوجه گوشتی و برای توضیح ارتباط میان این متغییرها بودند. جوجههای گوشتی به گروههای متفاوتی تقسیم شدند: (1) گروههای پوشش رنگی ارائه دهنده 4 رنگ متفاوت قرمز، آبی، سبز و خاکستری و (2) جوجههایی که تحت نظر تماس بصری انسان برای 60 تا 300 ثانیه قرار گرفتند. مجموعهای از 192 جوجه، یکروزه، به طور تصادفی به 8 گروه تیمار براساس پوشش رنگی و تماس بصری انسانی اختصاص یافتند. وزنهای هچشدگی برای گروههای رنگی پوشش قرمز، آبی، سبز و خاکستری 10/47، 35/48، 67/46 و 05/47 گرم بودند، و برای گروههای 60 تا 300 ثانیه تماس بصری انسانی 34/47 و 24/47 گرم، به ترتیب تعیین شدند. کاهش پخت یک ارتباط معنیدار منفی با pH در 15 دقیقه بعد از کشتار (pH15) در گروه پوشش قرمز داشت. ظرفیت نگهداری آب یک همبستگی منفی (355/0 r=و 489/0-) با pH در 24 ساعت پس از کشتار (pHu) در گروههای 60 و 300 ثانیه به ترتیب داشت. سطح پروتئین کلی درجه بالا و همبستگی مثبتی (675/0r=) با سطح کلسترول در گروه پوشش قرمز داشت. طول بیحرکتی صوتی (TI) ارتباط معنیداری با القا TI در گروه پوشش سبز داشت. ارزش رنگ a* گوشت سینه یک همبستگی متوسط معنیدار منفی با متغییرهای ارزش L* گوشت سینه (574/0- (01/0P<) و 373/0- (05/0P<)، به ترتیب) در پوشش خاکستری و گروه تماس بصری 300 ثانیهای نشان داد. این یافتهها تأثیرات زیادی روی استفاده از پوشش رنگی خاکستری و تماس بصری 300 ثانیهای برای بهبود کیفیت گوشت برای رفاه در جوجههای گوشتی دارد. Manuscript profile -
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272 - اثر مکمل کولین کلراید بر پارامترهای عملکردی و خصوصیات لاشه جوجههای گوشتی
ام.ای. حسین جی.بی. داس ام.ام. حسن آ.اچ. شایکات آ.اس.ام. باریبه منظور بررسی اثر مکمل کولین کلرید بر پارامترهای عملکردی، خصوصیات لاشه و ارتباط آنها در جوجههای گوشتی تجاری، 240 جوجه گوشتی هوبارد کلاسیک در آزمایشی 35 روزه، در مزرعه دانشگاه دامپزشکی و علوم دامی چیتاگونگ بنگلادش آزمایش شدند. تمام پرندگان در حد اشتها، به خوراک دسترسی Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر مکمل کولین کلرید بر پارامترهای عملکردی، خصوصیات لاشه و ارتباط آنها در جوجههای گوشتی تجاری، 240 جوجه گوشتی هوبارد کلاسیک در آزمایشی 35 روزه، در مزرعه دانشگاه دامپزشکی و علوم دامی چیتاگونگ بنگلادش آزمایش شدند. تمام پرندگان در حد اشتها، به خوراک دسترسی آزاد داشتند. پرندگان از چهار نوع از رژیم غذایی، بدون کولین کلراید (T0)، جیره غذایی حاوی 1/0 گرم / 100 گرم کولین کلراید (1T)، 2/0 گرم / 100 گرم کولین کلراید (2T) و 3/0 گرم / 100 گرم کولین کلراید (3T) تغذیه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که صرف نظر از سطح مکمل کولین، افزایش وزن در هفته 5 متفاوت است (05/0P<). مشابه به افزایش وزن، خوراک مصرفی در هفته 5 متفاوت بود (05/0P<). با این حال، ضریب تبدیل غذایی از 3 به 5 هفته تفاوت داشت. رابطه افزایش وزن و مصرف خوراک مثبت بود و ضریب تبدیل غذایی با پارامترهای لاشه همبستگی منفی داشت. بنابراین میتوان نتیجه گرفت که افزایش سطح مکمل کولین ممکن است سبب بهبود افزایش وزن، بازده خوراک و خصوصیات لاشه در جوجههای گوشتی تجاری شود. Manuscript profile -
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273 - تأثیر مکملسازی نانو ذرات اکسید روی بر عملکرد رشد و تلفات ناشی از آسیت در جوجههای گوشتی
م. فتحیتعداد 600 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر (راس 308) به چهار گروه آزمایشی ( 5 تکرار و 30 پرنده در هر تکرار) شامل 0، 10، 20 و 40 میلیگرم نانوذرات اکسید روی در کیلوگرم جیره پایه تقسیم شدند. برای القاء آسیت، همه پرندگان تحت برنامه دمایی سرد (15 تا 18 درجه سانتی­گراد) قرار گرفتند. نم Moreتعداد 600 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر (راس 308) به چهار گروه آزمایشی ( 5 تکرار و 30 پرنده در هر تکرار) شامل 0، 10، 20 و 40 میلیگرم نانوذرات اکسید روی در کیلوگرم جیره پایه تقسیم شدند. برای القاء آسیت، همه پرندگان تحت برنامه دمایی سرد (15 تا 18 درجه سانتی­گراد) قرار گرفتند. نمونه خونی شامل؛ فعالیت آنزیم آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز، آلانین آمینوترانسفراز، لاکتات دهیدروژناز، پروتئین، هموگلوبین، هماتوکریت، گلبول قرمز، گلبول سفید و سطح مالون دی­آلدئید اندازه­گیری شدند. تلفات نیز جهت تعیین دلیل مرگ آسیتی، بررسی شد. روز آخر آزمایش (روز 42) از هر تکرار 2 قطعه پرنده به طور تصادفی انتخاب شده و بعد از کشتار، شاخص آسیتی محاسبه گردید. میانگین افزایش وزن بدن، میانگین خوراک مصرفی و ضریب تبدیل خوراک نیز ب طور هفتگی محاسبه گردید. نتایج نشان داد، سطح 40 میلیگرم نانو ذرات اکسید روی به طور معنی­داری سبب کاهش سطح مالون­دی­­آلدئید در پلاسما و کبد پرندگان شد. علاوه بر این، سطوح 20 و 40 میلیگرم سبب کاهش معنی­دار شاخصی آسیتی و تلفات ناشی از آسیت شدند. همچنین، در حالیکه نانو ذرات اکسید روی در همه سطوح سبب افزایش وزن حاصله شد، سطح 40 میلیگرم سبب کاهش معنی­دار ضریب تبدیل خوراک شد. نتیجه این تحقیق نشان داد که استفاده از نانو ذرات اکسید روی سبب بهبود عملکرد و کاهش تلفات آسیتی در جوجه­های گوشتی شد و مناسب­ترین سطح آن در این 40 میلیگرم بود. Manuscript profile -
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274 - پاسخ انتخاب برای وزن بدن در بلدرچین ژاپنی (Coturnix coturnix japonica
اس. هوسن آ.م. عبد الرحمان ال-خدری آ.م. حسنمطالعه حاضر به بررسی اثر انتخاب برای وزن بدن (BW) بر عملکرد تولیدی، BW پیش­بینی شده و بهبود ژنتیکی مرتبط با صفات در بلدرچین ژاپنی است. جمعیت پایه، والدین منتخب و فرزندان F1 مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. پرورش در قفس و لانه صورت گرفت. از تعداد کل 240 پرنده در دو نسل متوالی Moreمطالعه حاضر به بررسی اثر انتخاب برای وزن بدن (BW) بر عملکرد تولیدی، BW پیش­بینی شده و بهبود ژنتیکی مرتبط با صفات در بلدرچین ژاپنی است. جمعیت پایه، والدین منتخب و فرزندان F1 مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. پرورش در قفس و لانه صورت گرفت. از تعداد کل 240 پرنده در دو نسل متوالی، 27 نر و 54 ماده (به عنوان والدین منتخب) به کار گرفته شدند. وزن بدن از معادله رگرسیون چندگانه، آنالیز کوواریانس و مدل­های مرکب برآورد گردیده و پاسخ انتخاب، وراثت­پذیری تحقق یافته و همبستگی ژنتیکی برای BW، افزایش وزن (WG)، مصرف خوراک (FI) و ضریب تبدیل خوراک (FCR) محاسبه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که پاسخ انتخاب برای BW، WG، FI و FCR به ترتیب برابر با 48/11 گرم، 04/27 گرم، 37 گرم و 2/0- بود. وراثت­پذیری­های برآورد شده برای صفات فوق نیز به ترتیب برابر با 78/0، 67/0، 52/0 و 77/0 بود. معادله پیش­بینی شده (معادله DUHOK) برای BW به عنوان متغیر وابسته به وزن بدن اولیه و نسبت جنس نیز به دست آورده شد. پاسخ نهایی برای وزن بدن به صورت 84/5 درصد BW زنده تعیین گردید. Manuscript profile -
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275 - ارزیابی ژنتیکی برخی از خصوصیات لاشه ارزیابی شده با اولتراسونوگرافی بلادرنگ در گوسفند بلوچی
ع. محمدی س. حسنی س. زره داران م. باقری ع. میرشاهیدر تحقیق حاضر، به منظور ارزیابی خصوصیات لاشه یک گله هسته اصلاح نژادی گوسفند بلوچی از روش اولتراسوند در موجود زنده برای اندازه­گیری ضخامت چربی پشت و مساحت ماهیچه کمر و نیز تخمین پارامترهای ژنتیکی برای این صفات اولتراسونیک و اوزان زنده در سنین مختلف استفاده شد. دادهه Moreدر تحقیق حاضر، به منظور ارزیابی خصوصیات لاشه یک گله هسته اصلاح نژادی گوسفند بلوچی از روش اولتراسوند در موجود زنده برای اندازه­گیری ضخامت چربی پشت و مساحت ماهیچه کمر و نیز تخمین پارامترهای ژنتیکی برای این صفات اولتراسونیک و اوزان زنده در سنین مختلف استفاده شد. دادهها از 576 حیوان در سال 1390 جمعآوری شد. اجزاء (کو) واریانس با استفاده از مدل­های حیوانی یک متغیره و دو متغیره با روش حداکثر درستنمایی محدود شده و نرم­افزارASREML تخمین زده شدند. حیوانات ماده ضخامت چربی پشت و مساحت ماهیچه کمر بیشتری نسبت به حیوانات نر داشتند. تخمین­های وراثتپذیری مستقیم برای ضخامت چربی پشت، مساحت ماهیچه کمر، وزن تولد، وزن شیرگیری، وزن شش ماهگی، وزن نه ماهگی و وزن یکسالگی به ترتیب برابر با 32/0، 23/0، 27/0، 02/0، 12/0، 22/0 و 18/0 بود. همبستگی ژنتیکی (15/0±68/0) و فنوتیپی (03/0±62/0) مثبت و بالایی بین ضخامت چربی پشت و مساحت ماهیچه کمر وجود داشت. همبستگی­های ژنتیکی بین صفات اولتراسونیک و اوزان قبل از شش ماهگی به استثناء وزن تولد و مساحت ناحیه کمر (28/0±39/0) مثبت و پایین بود. برعکس، همبستگی­های ژنتیکی مثبت متوسط تا بالایی بین صفات اولتراسونیک و اوزان شیرگیری و پس از شیرگیری وجود داشت (33/0 تا 61/0). همبستگی­های فنوتیپی بین صفات اولتراسونیک و رشد مثبت و در دامنه 09/0 تا 37/0 متغیر بود. همبستگی ژنتیکی مثبت و بالای بین ضخامت چربی پشت و مساحت ماهیچه کمر نشان میدهد که انتخاب برای توده ماهیچه بزرگتر باعث تولید لاشه­هایی با چربی بیشتر میشود. Manuscript profile -
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276 - تأثیردورههای نوری مختلف بر عملکرد مرغ مادر گوشتی در دوره تخمگذاری
ت. مکرمی ن. هدایت ایوریق ب. نویدشاداثر افزایش دوره نوری از 13 ساعت به 16 ساعت در طول روز در مرغهای مادر گوشتی راس 308 مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. مرغ و خروس­ها به مدت 8 ساعت در دوره پرورش نگهداری شدند سپس در سن 21 هفتگی تحریک نوری شده و به یکی از دوره­های نوری 13، 14، 15 یا 16 ساعت منتقل شدند و عملکرد Moreاثر افزایش دوره نوری از 13 ساعت به 16 ساعت در طول روز در مرغهای مادر گوشتی راس 308 مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. مرغ و خروس­ها به مدت 8 ساعت در دوره پرورش نگهداری شدند سپس در سن 21 هفتگی تحریک نوری شده و به یکی از دوره­های نوری 13، 14، 15 یا 16 ساعت منتقل شدند و عملکرد آنها بین سنین 26 و 50 هفته مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. ضریب تبدیل غذایی، مجموع وزن تخم ­مرغ تولیدی و تعداد تخم مرغ تولیدی به ازای هر پرنده در 16 ساعت دوره نوری نسبت به تیمارهای دیگر کمتر بوده ولی بین سه گروه دیگر اختلاف معنیداری مشاهده نشد (05/0P<). همچنین از نظر تخم ­مرغ قابل جوجهکشی تفاوت معنی­داری بین گروه­های دریافتکننده دوره نوری بلند (15 و 16 ساعت) با گروه­های دوره نوری کوتاه (13 و 14 ساعت) وجود دارد (05/0P<). میزان تولید تخم ­مرغ دوزرده، شکسته و نافرم در تیمارهای با دوره نوری کوتاه کمتر بوده و به دنبال آن گروه نوری 15 ساعت قرار دارد (05/0P<). میانگین وزن تخم مرغ تولیدی گروه 14 ساعت روشنایی به طور معنیداری بیشتر از 16 ساعت روشنایی به دست آمد (05/0P<) و دو گروه دیگر در حد متوسط بودند. درصد جوجه­درآوری حاصل از تخم­ مرغهای قابل جوجه­کشی نیز اختلاف جزیی بین تیمارهای مختلف مشاهده شد و بیشترین درصد جوجه­درآوری مربوط به 13 ساعت دوره روشنایی است و گروه مربوط به 14 ساعت روشنایی حد واسط بین 13 و 15 ساعت روشنایی است. این یافته­ها نشان می­دهد که انتقال مرغهای مادر از 8 ساعت روشنایی در روز در دوره پرورش به 13 ساعت روشنایی در دوره تخمگذاری در مرغ مادر راس 308 بهترین عملکرد را از لحاظ تولید تخم ­مرغ و جوجه­درآوری خواهد داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Effects of Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal with Corn Gluten Meal, Fish Meal, or Their Combination on Dairy Calves’ Performance and Insulin Concentration
S. Avakh M. Khodaei-Motlagh M. Kazemi-Bonchenari -
Open Access Article
278 - همبستگیهای فنوتیپی در کیفیت گوشت سینه و برخی از معیارهای آسایش: ملاحظات مدت و شدت روشنایی
ای. درلی فیدان آ. نازلیگول م.ک. تورکییلماز اس. آنوپول آیپک ف. سویل کیلیمسی اس. کاراارسلان م. کایاهدف از این پژوهش برآورد همبستگی­های فنوتیپی بین صفات مختلف کیفیت گوشت، وزن بخش­های مختلف لاشه، برخی از پارامترهای خونی و ابعاد چشم در یک لاین گوشتی نر و با هدف توضیح رابطه بین این متغیرها بوده است. دو گروه مدت روشنایی و دو گروه شدت روشنایی جوجه­های گوشتی تجا Moreهدف از این پژوهش برآورد همبستگی­های فنوتیپی بین صفات مختلف کیفیت گوشت، وزن بخش­های مختلف لاشه، برخی از پارامترهای خونی و ابعاد چشم در یک لاین گوشتی نر و با هدف توضیح رابطه بین این متغیرها بوده است. دو گروه مدت روشنایی و دو گروه شدت روشنایی جوجه­های گوشتی تجاری به عنوان تیمار به کار گرفته شدند. 272 جوجه گوشتی نر یکروزه (راس 308) به صورت تصادفی به چهار گروه تیماری (بر مبنای مدت و شدت روشنایی) با چهار تکرار تخصیص داده شدند. هشت جوجه از هر گروه برای سنجش رنگ (CIE L*a*b)، pH، کاهش در پخت و ظرفیت نگهداری آب در سن 42 روزگی به کار گرفته شدند. pH در 24 ساعت پس از کشتار (pHu) می­توانست مستقیماً با خصوصیات گوشت در ارتباط باشد. زیرا این صفت به طور معکوس با a*، قابلیت نگهداری آب و pH در 15 دقیقه بعد از کشتار (pH15) در تاریکی، گروه کاهشی (DRLI) رابطه داشته و نشاندهنده اثر کاهش pHu در طی 24 ساعت پس از کشتار روی دناتوراسیون پروتئین است. این مطالعه نشان داد که متغیرهای کیفیت گوشت مرغ مرتبط بوده و بین مقدار a*، ظرفیت نگهداری آب (WHC) و سایر خصوصیات گوشت رابطه فنوتیپی وجود دارد. pHu، مقدار a* و WHC می­توانند شاخص­های کارآمد کیفیت گوشت در لاین­های گوشتی باشند. سطح کورتیکوسترون (CORT) همبستگی مثبت معنی­داری (323/0=r، 05/0>P) با سطح گلوکز در گروه نور روشن (BLI) دارد. وزن چشم همبستگی مثبتی با همه ابعاد چشم در گروه افزایشی مدت روشنایی داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Effects of Bovine Bile and Savory Essential Oil Supplemented Diets on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Parameters and Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens
S. Farajollahzadeh A.R. Safamehr A. Nobakht Y. Mehmannavaz -
Open Access Article
280 - The Effect of Limiting the Time of Feed Access during the Growing Phase on the Performance of Broilers
A. Ranjbar B. Navidshad M.R. Asadi F. Mirzaei Aghjehgheshlagh A. Kalantari Hesari -
Open Access Article
281 - تأثیر جایگزینی علوفه یونجه و کاه گندم با سیلاژ محصولات فرعی پسته با خرمای ضایعاتی بر عملکرد و فراسنجههای خون در برههای پرواری
ب. سلطانی نژاد O. دیانی ر. طهماسبی ا. خضریدر این آزمایش اثرات تغذیه سیلاژ محصولات فرعی پسته با خرمای ضایعاتی بر مصرف ماده خشک، افزایش وزن زنده و پارامترهای خون بره­های پرواری مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. سیلو کردن محصولات فرعی پسته با خرما سبب افزایش ماده خشک و انرژی متابولیسمی شد، اما درصد پروتیین خام، کل تانن و Moreدر این آزمایش اثرات تغذیه سیلاژ محصولات فرعی پسته با خرمای ضایعاتی بر مصرف ماده خشک، افزایش وزن زنده و پارامترهای خون بره­های پرواری مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. سیلو کردن محصولات فرعی پسته با خرما سبب افزایش ماده خشک و انرژی متابولیسمی شد، اما درصد پروتیین خام، کل تانن و ترکیبات فنلی را کاهش داد (05/0P<). جیره­های غذایی عبارت بودند از: 1) شاهد (بدون سیلاژ)، 2) جیره دارای 7 درصد سیلاژ، 3) جیره دارای 14 درصد سیلاژ و 4) جیره دارای 21 درصد سیلاژ (بر اساس ماده خشک). چهل رأس بره نر در چهار گروه به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی تقسیم شدند. تمام گروه­ها پیش از شروع دوره 90 روزه پرواربندی، برای مدت 21 روز با جیره شاهد تغذیه شدند. پس از آن یک گروه جیره شاهد را دریافت کردند در حالیکه بقیه گروه­ها با جیره­های دارای سیلاژ تغذیه شدند. در پایان آزمایش، همه حیوانات در یک روز کشتار شدند. بره­های تغذیه شده با جیره­های دارای 14 و 21 درصد سیلاژ در مقایسه با گروه شاهد ماده خشک بیشتری مصرف کردند (05/0P<). تغذیه 21 درصد سیلاژ وزن نهایی، افزایش وزن روزانه، افزایش وزن زنده، وزن لاشه گرم و سرد و گوشت بدون چربی را افزایش داد (05/0P<). بره­های تغذیه شده با 14 و 21 درصد سیلاژ نسبت به بره­های تغذیه شده با جیره شاهد تری­گلیسرید خون کمتری داشتند (05/0P<). تغذیه 21 درصد سیلاژ غلظت پروتیین تام و آلبومین خون بره­ها را در مقایسه با گروه شاهد افزایش داد (05/0P<). غلظت آنزیم­های کبدی آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز و آلانین آمینوترانسفراز در خون تحت تأثیر تغذیه با سیلاژ قرار نگرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که تغذیه 21 درصد سیلاژ محصولات فرعی پسته با خرمای ضایعاتی به بره­های پرواری، عملکرد را افزایش می­دهد و اثرات سویی بر عملکرد کبد ندارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - اثرات عوامل غیر ژنتیکی و محیط دائمی مادری بر روی صفات بیومتریک در گوسفندان مغانی
س. بخشعلی زاده م. غفاری ع. هاشمی ش. جعفریتحقیق حاضرآمار توصیفی صفات بیومتریک و عوامل غیر ژنتیکی مؤثر در تغییرات این صفات در گوسفندان مغانی را مورد مطالعه قرار داده است. مجموعه داده مورد استفاده از رکوردهای بیومتریک ایستگاه پرورش و اصلاح نژاد گوسفند مغانی در یک دوره 15 ساله (1375 تا 1390) استخراج شد. سال تولد، Moreتحقیق حاضرآمار توصیفی صفات بیومتریک و عوامل غیر ژنتیکی مؤثر در تغییرات این صفات در گوسفندان مغانی را مورد مطالعه قرار داده است. مجموعه داده مورد استفاده از رکوردهای بیومتریک ایستگاه پرورش و اصلاح نژاد گوسفند مغانی در یک دوره 15 ساله (1375 تا 1390) استخراج شد. سال تولد، ماه تولد، نوع تولد و جنس بره و محیط دائمی مادری به عنوان پارامترهای غیر ژنتیکی در نظر گرفته شدند. صفات بیومتریک مورد مطالعه عبارت بودند از: ارتفاع از جدوگاه (HW)، ارتفاع از کپل (HR)، طول بدن (BL)، دور سینه (HG) و دور ران (LC). میانگین حداقل مربعات (سانتیمتر) ± خطای اشتباه برای صفات ارتفاع از جدوگاه، ارتفاع از کپل، طول بدن، دور سینه و دور ران به ترتیب 1/4 ± 8/69، 2/4 ± 7/69، 6/4 ± 2/50، 2/8 ± 9/85 و 4/5 ± 0/29 بود. تمامی صفات به طور معنیداری تحت تأثیر اثرات ثابت سال تولد قرار گرفتند (05/0P<). جنس بره اثرات معنیداری بروی تمام صفات مورد مطالعه به جزء دور سینه داشت (001/0P<). تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه بطور معنی داری (001/0P<) تحت تأثیر نوع تولد و ماه تولد قرار گرفتند. محیط دائمی مادری به عنوان عامل غیر ژنتیکی اثر معنیداری بر روی صفات مورد مطالعه نداشت. نتایج حاصل از مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که عوامل غیر ژنتیکی میتوانند به عنوان یک منبع تغییر قابل توجه بر روی صفات بیومتریک در نظر گرفته شوند. بنابراین بهبود شرایط محیطی میتواند به عنوان عاملی در جهت بهبود صفات بیومتریک در گوسفند مغانی پیشنهاد شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - آنالیز ژنتیکی صفات تولیدمثلی میشها در گوسفندان بلوچی
م. جعفراوغلی ع. صفری ع.ا. شادپرور ن. قوی حسین-زادهمطالعه حاضر برای برآورد اجزای (کو)واریانس و پارامترهای ژنتیکی تعدادی از صفات تولیدمثلی میش­های نژاد بلوچی انجام شد. داده­های مورد بررسی در طول 31 سال (2014-1984) در ایستگاه اصلاح نژاد گوسفند بلوچی که در شمال شرقی خراسان قرار دارد، جمعآوری شده بود. تعداد 14030 ر Moreمطالعه حاضر برای برآورد اجزای (کو)واریانس و پارامترهای ژنتیکی تعدادی از صفات تولیدمثلی میش­های نژاد بلوچی انجام شد. داده­های مورد بررسی در طول 31 سال (2014-1984) در ایستگاه اصلاح نژاد گوسفند بلوچی که در شمال شرقی خراسان قرار دارد، جمعآوری شده بود. تعداد 14030 رکورد بره و 4371 رکورد میش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. صفات مورد بررسی شامل؛ تعداد بره­های بدنیا آمده (LSB)، تعداد بره­های از شیرگیری شده (LSW)، میانگین وزن بره­های بدنیا آمده (LMWLB)، میانگین وزن بره­های از شیرگیری شده (LMWLW) به ازای هر رأس میش به عنوان صفات اصلی و صفات مجموع وزن بره­های بدنیا آمده (TLWB) و مجموع وزن بره­های از شیرگیری شده (TLWW) به ازای هر رأس میش به عنوان صفات ترکیبی بودند. ارزیابی ژنتیکی به روش REML تحت مدل حیوان انجام شد. مقادیر وراثت پذیری LSB، LSW، LMWLB، LMWLW، TLWB و TLWW به ترتیب 10/0، 08/0، 13/0، 07/0، 12/0 و 05/0 و تکرارپذیری به ترتیب 18/0، 17/0، 19/0، 15/0، 18/0 و 15/0 برآورد گردید. همبستگی ژنتیکی صفات مورد بررسی از 52/0- بین LSW و LMWLB تا 99/0 بین TLWB و TLWW متغیر بود. همبستگی­های فنوتیپی و محیطی برآورد شده به مراتب کمتر از مقادیر ژنتیکی بودند. اگرچه همبستگی ژنتیکی مستقیم کمتری برای صفات تولیدمثلی برآورد شد اما تمایل بسیاری برای قرار دادن در معیار انتخاب و بهبود ژنتیکی صفات تولیدمثلی وجود دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - تاثیر مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویزیه مرتبط با ترئونین روی عملکرد تولیدی در جوجههای گوشتی
م.ف. پرالتا آ.ج. نیلسون ر.د. میازوهدف ارزیابی ارتباط مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویزیه (Sc) با ترئونین (T)، در جیرههای جوجه گوشتی بر روی عملکرد، کیفیت لاشه و تغییرات بافتشناسی روده بود. 100 جوجه گوشتی نر Ross (1 تا 43 روزه) در 4 تیمار D1: جیره پایه (BD)، D2: BD به علاوه 5 گرم Sc به ازای هر کیلوگرم خوراک، D3: B Moreهدف ارزیابی ارتباط مخمر ساکارومایسس سرویزیه (Sc) با ترئونین (T)، در جیرههای جوجه گوشتی بر روی عملکرد، کیفیت لاشه و تغییرات بافتشناسی روده بود. 100 جوجه گوشتی نر Ross (1 تا 43 روزه) در 4 تیمار D1: جیره پایه (BD)، D2: BD به علاوه 5 گرم Sc به ازای هر کیلوگرم خوراک، D3: BD به علاوه 30 درصد T و D4: D3 به علاوه 5 گرم Sc به ازای کیلوگرم خوراک. تغییرات تولیدی اندازهگیری شده شامل: متوسط رشد وزنی روزانه (ADWG) (گرم/جوجه/روز)، متوسط مصرف خوراک روزانه (ADFC) (گرم/جوجه/روز)، و نرخ تبدیل خوراک (FCR) بودند. همچنین، بازده لاشه (CY) (%)، وزن سینه (BW) (g)، وزن ران (TW) (g) و وزن چربی شکمی (AFW) (g) تعیین شدند. علاوه بر این، ارتفاع پنجه (VH) (μ)، عمق کریپت (CD) (μ)، منطقه پنجه (VA) (μ2) و نسبت VH/CD اندازهگیری شدند. نتایج نشان دادند که D4 بیشترین ADWG را نسبت به گروه D3 (P≤0.05) داشت و بهترین FCR را نسبت به گروههای D2 و D3 ارائه داد (P≤0.05). همچنین، D4 بیشترین BW نسبت به گروه D3 (P≤0.05) و کمترین AFW را نسبت به D1 (P≤0.05) داشت. CY و TW توسط افزودنی تحت تاثیر قرار نگرفتند، BW در گروه D4 نسبت به D3 بیشتر بود (P≤0.05) و AF در D4 با توجه به گروه D1 کمتر بود (P≤0.05). پروبیوتیک نسبت VH/CD را با توجه به گروه شاهد کاهش داد (P≤0.05) و VA در D4 با توجه به گروه D1 افزایش یافت (P≤0.05). همچنین، گروه D3 و D4 بیشترین موکوس را داشتند و تعداد سلولهای گابلت افزایش داشت. در نتیجه پایانی، Sc مرتبط با T عملکرد تولیدی جوجههای گوشتی را از طریق سلامت روده افزایش داد. بهبود در عملکرد تولیدی با یک FCR بهتر که میتواند در کارایی بیشتر استفاده از مواد مغذی انعکاس یابد و میتواند در عملکرد لاشه بهتر تفسیر شود (افزایش رسوب عضلانی و کاهش AFW) تولید خواهد شد. یک روده سالم توسط افزایش در VA و کاهش نسبت VH/CD که میتواند انعکاس دهنده در بالا رفتن عملکرد جذب توسط سلولهای اپیتلیال بالغ بیشتر باشد تولید خواهد شد. همچنین، اولین خط دفاعی میزبان در برابر پاتوژنهای مهاجم میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - ارزیابی پتانسیل پروبیوتیکی برخی سویههای بومی لاکتوباسیلوس بر عملکرد تخمگذاری و پارامترهای کیفی تخم بلدرچین ژاپنی
س.ع. سیادتی ی. ابراهیم نژاد غ. صالحی جوزانی ج. شایقهدف از این تحقیق ارزیابی تأثیر غلظتهای مختلف چهار سویه بومی لاکتوباسیلوس بر عملکرد تخمگذاری و کیفیت تخم بلدرچین بود. برای انجام این تحقیق، شش هفته آزمایشات فارمی در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار، 7 تیمار و 8 قطعه بلدرچین به ازای هر تکرار بر روی 224 قطعه بلدر Moreهدف از این تحقیق ارزیابی تأثیر غلظتهای مختلف چهار سویه بومی لاکتوباسیلوس بر عملکرد تخمگذاری و کیفیت تخم بلدرچین بود. برای انجام این تحقیق، شش هفته آزمایشات فارمی در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار، 7 تیمار و 8 قطعه بلدرچین به ازای هر تکرار بر روی 224 قطعه بلدرچین انجام شد. چهار سویه بومی لاکتوباسیلوس که قبلاً پتانسیل پروبیوتیکی آنها در شرایط آزمایشگاهی ثابت شده بود در یک فرمانتور 10 لیتری کشت و سپس لیوفلیزه شدند (CFU/g 1010). تیمارها شامل: تیمار 1) شاهد (جیره پایه بدون پروبیوتیک)، تیمار 2) جیره پایه + پریمالاک (454 گرم/تن)، تیمار 3) جیره پایه + پروتکسین (50 گرم/تن) و تیمارهای 4، 5، 6 و 7 به ترتیب دارای 50، 100، 150 و 200 گرم از مخلوط چهار سویه بومی پروبیوتیک به ازای هر تن جیره غذایی بودند. سویههای بومی و پروبیوتیک تجاری پروتکسین توانستند به طور معنیداری درصد تولید، ضریب تبدیل غذایی و توده تخم را در طول دوره تخمگذاری بهبود ببخشند (P<0.05)، در حالیکه هیچ تأثیر معنیداری بر روی مصرف خوراک و وزن تخم مشاهده نشد (P>0.05). تیمارهای حاوی پروبیوتیک دارای تأثیر مثبت معنیداری بر روی ارتفاع سفیده تخم، واحد هاو و واحد کیفیت داخلی تخم بودند (P<0.05)، در حالیکه هیچ اختلاف معنیداری در بین تیمارها در خصوص صفات وزن پوسته، وزن زرده و وزن سفیده تخم بلدرچینها مشاهده نشد (P>0.05). در انتها میتوان نتیجه گرفت که استفاده از سویههای بومی لاکتوباسیلوس (50 گرم به ازای هر تن جیره) عملکرد تخمگذاری (درصد تولید تخم، توده تخم و ضریب تبدیل غذایی) و پارامترهای کیفی تخم بلدرچین (واحد هاو و واحد کیفیت داخلی) را بهبود بخشیدند. Manuscript profile -
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286 - برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی و روند ژنتیکی نمره سلولهای بدنی گاوهای هلشتاین ایران با استفاده از رکوردهای روز آزمون
K. Kheirabadi S. Alijaniهدف از این پژوهش برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی و روند ژنتیکی نمره سلولهای بدنی (SCS) سه دوره شیردهی نخست گاوهای هلشتاین ایران با استفاده از مدل رگرسیون تصادفی و روش حداکثر درست نمایی محدود شده بود. اطلاعات مورد استفاده شامل 340318 رکورد روز آزمون مربوط به 41526 حیوان در 288 Moreهدف از این پژوهش برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی و روند ژنتیکی نمره سلولهای بدنی (SCS) سه دوره شیردهی نخست گاوهای هلشتاین ایران با استفاده از مدل رگرسیون تصادفی و روش حداکثر درست نمایی محدود شده بود. اطلاعات مورد استفاده شامل 340318 رکورد روز آزمون مربوط به 41526 حیوان در 288 گله، 89969 رکورد روز آزمون مربوط به 11750 حیوان در 127 گله، و 20010 رکورد روز آزمون مربوط به 2461 حیوان در 60 گله، به ترتیب برای دورههای شیردهی اول، دوم و سوم بین سالهای 2002 تا 2010 بود. اثرات ثابت شامل سال زایش، سن-فصل در هنگام زایش (به صورت رگرسیون ثابت برای هر کلاس از این اثر) و گله-تاریخ رکورد برداری بود. برآورد واریانسهای ژنتیک افزایشی، تنها با تغییرات جزئی، برای همه دورههای شیردهی روند مشابهی را نشان داد. برآوردهای وراثت پذیری برای دوره شیردهی اول (03/0 تا 07/0) کمتر از این مقدار برای دورههای شیردهی دوم (07/0 تا 11/0) و سوم (08/0 تا 17/0) بود. همبستگی-های ژنتیکی بین رکوردهای روز آزمون نمره سلولهای بدنی برای روزهای مجاور بالا و بین دو انتهای دوره شیردهی پائین، و با افزایش دوره شیردهی کاهش یافت. همبستگیهای ژنتیکی بین دورههای شیردهی بالاتر از 70/0، اما برای همبستگیهای محیطی در دامنه 22/0 تا 51/0 بود. همبستگیهای ژنتیکی بین دورههای شیردهی تائید میکند که ژنهای کنترل کننده نمره سلولهای بدنی برای دورههای شیردهی مختلف مشابه بوده و انتخاب حیوان برای نمره سلولهای بدنی دوره شیردهی اول روی نمره سلولهای بدنی دیگر دورههای شیردهی تأثیرگذار خواهد بود. روند ژنتیکی نمره سلولهای بدنی تا سال 1995 مطلوب و بعد از آن نامطلوب بود. سطح نسبتاً بالای نمره سلولهای بدنی و روندهای ژنتیکی مثبت آن (431/0 تا 701/0 سال/میلیلیتر/سلول) نشان میدهند که در ایران بهبود ژنتیکی نمره سلولهای بدنی در سطح قابل قبولی انجام نشده است. Manuscript profile -
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287 - اثرات تغذیه سطح بالای سلنیوم و مس بر عملکرد رشد، برخی فراسنجههای بیوشیمیایی خون و تولید آنتی بادی علیه ویروس بیماری نیوکاسل در جوجههای گوشتی
ترکی م. م. حبیبیان ط. رستمی آ. مرادییک آزمایش جهت ارزیابی اثرات تغذیه سطوح بالای سلنیوم (به شکل سلنیت سدیم) و مس (به شکل سولفات مس) بر عملکرد رشد، پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی سرم و تولید آنتی ­بادی علیه ویروس بیماری نیوکاسل در جوجه­های گوشتی انجام شد. مجموع 160 جوجه گوشتی یکروزه راس 308 از مخلوط دو جنس Moreیک آزمایش جهت ارزیابی اثرات تغذیه سطوح بالای سلنیوم (به شکل سلنیت سدیم) و مس (به شکل سولفات مس) بر عملکرد رشد، پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی سرم و تولید آنتی ­بادی علیه ویروس بیماری نیوکاسل در جوجه­های گوشتی انجام شد. مجموع 160 جوجه گوشتی یکروزه راس 308 از مخلوط دو جنس به صورت تصادفی بین چهار گروه تیماری (40 جوجه در هر گروه) و هر کدام شامل چهار تکرار (10 جوجه به ازای هر تکرار) تقسیم شدند. گروه 1 به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد و جوجه­ها در این گروه یک جیره استاندارد بدون مکمل سلنیوم و مس را دریافت کردند. جوجه­ها در گروه 2 یک جیره حاوی مکمل سلنیوم به میزان 1 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم، در گروه 3 یک جیره حاوی مکمل مس به میزان 200 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم و در گروه 4 یک جیره مکمل شده با 1 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم سلنیوم و 200 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم مس را دریافت کردند. استفاده هم زمان از مکمل­های سلنیوم و مس مصرف خوراک و وزن بدن را کاهش و ضریب تبدیل خوراک را افزایش داد (05/0P<). این اثرات هنگام استفاده از سلنیوم یا مس به تنهایی مشاهده نشد (05/0P>). غلظت سرمی اسید اوریک با تغذیه مس کاهش یافت (05/0P<) و غلظت تری­گلیسریدها با تغذیه سلنیوم تمایل به افزایش داشت (11/0P=). علاوه بر این، غلظت سرمی آلبومین به طور معنی ­داری در جوجه­های دریافت کننده مکمل مس افزایش یافت (05/0P<)، اما این اثرات با استفاده هم زمان از مس و سلنیوم دیده نشد (05/0P>). تیتر آنتی­بادی علیه ویروس نیوکاسل در 28 روزگی تحت تأثیر گروه­های آزمایشی قرار نگرفت (05/0P>)، اما در 42 روزگی در گروه دریافت کننده ترکیب سلنیوم و مس کاهش یافت (05/0P<). این نتایج به روشنی بیانگر برهمکنش منفی بین استفاده از سلنیت سدیم و سولفات مس بر عملکرد رشد جوجه­های گوشتی است. لازم است مطالعات بیشتری جهت مشخص کردن سازوکار این اثرات انجام شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters for Semen Characteristics and Their Relationship with Scrotal Circumference in Black Bengal Bucks
ام.ام میا ام.آ.ام.ی. خاندوکر اس.اس. هوساین ام.او. فاروغ دی.آر. نوتر آ.اس. آپو -
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289 - Use of Steam Treated Sugarcane Pith in the Diet of Finishing Calves as a Replacement for Low Grain Corn Silage
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290 - Effect of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Seed on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Small Intestine Morphology of Broiler Chickens
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291 - The Effect of Feeding Tribulus terrestris Plant Powder on Growth Performance, Digestibility, Rumen and Blood Parameters of Iranian Arabic Lambs
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292 - Effects of a Fat Soluble Vitamin Premix on Performance Indices and Hematological Parameters in Slow- and Fast- Growing Broiler Chicks within a Flock
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293 - Estimates of Repeatability and Heritability of Productive Trait in Holstein Dairy Cattle
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294 - فراسنجههای ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی برای خصوصیات منی و رابطه آن با حاشیه اسکروتومی در بز نر سیاه بنگال
ام.ام. میا ام.آ.ام.ی. خاندوکر اس.اس. هوساین ام.او. فاروق دی.آر. نوتربز سیاه بنگال از ذخایر ژنتیکی و یکی از پتانسیلهای ژنتیکی بنگلادش است. فراسنجههای ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی برای خصوصیات منی و رابطه آن با محیط بیضه در بز نر سیاه بنگال در این آزمایش برآورد شد. فراسنجههای ژنتیکی توسط روش حداکثر درستنمایی باقیمانده برآورد شدند و مدل حیوانی که Moreبز سیاه بنگال از ذخایر ژنتیکی و یکی از پتانسیلهای ژنتیکی بنگلادش است. فراسنجههای ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی برای خصوصیات منی و رابطه آن با محیط بیضه در بز نر سیاه بنگال در این آزمایش برآورد شد. فراسنجههای ژنتیکی توسط روش حداکثر درستنمایی باقیمانده برآورد شدند و مدل حیوانی که اثرات ژنتیک مادری یا اثرات محیطی دایمی را نادیده میگرفت برازش شد. میانگینهای حداقل مربعات حجم منی (میلیلیتر در هر انزال)، غلظت اسپرم (109 سلول در میلیلیتر)، تحرک توده (درصد)، زندهمانی اسپرم (درصد) و اسپرماتوزوآی طبیعی (درصد) بهترتیب 56/0، 55/2، 7/79 و 5/90 بود. فصل جمعآوری و محیط بیضه بهطور معنیداری بر تمامی خصوصیات مطالعه شده اسپرم موثر بودند. سن بزهای نر بر تمامی خصوصیات مطالعه شده اسپرم بهجز تحرک توده موثر بود. وزنب دن اثر معنیداری بر حجم منی و تحرک توده داشت. برآورد وراثتپذیری برای غلظت اسپرم (38/0) متوسط و برای حجم منی، تحرک توده، زندهمانی اسپرم و اسپرماتوزوآی طبیعی (05/0 تا 18/0) کم بود. همبستگی فنوتیپی در دامنه اندکی منفی (001/0-) تا مثبت (42/0) و همبستگی ژنتیکی در دامنه متوسط منفی (37/0-) تا خیلی مثبت (99/0) بود. غلظت اسپرم تنها صفت بز سیاه بنگال است که ممکن است طی انتخاب، پیشرفت ژنتیکی منطقی داشته باشد. انتخاب برای افزایش محیط بیضه باید پاسخ مرتبط مطلوبی با خصوصیات منی داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
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295 - Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Milk Production Trait in Holstein Cows of the Mazandaran Gavdasht Herd Using Test Day Records
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Open Access Article
296 - برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی بعضی از صفات تولیدمثلی بزهای ماده نژاد سیاه بنگالی
ام.ام. میا ام.آ.ام.ی. خاندوکر اس.اس. هوساین ام.او. فاروق دی.آر. نوتر M.N. Haqueموضوع این مطالعه ارزیابی پارامترهای ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی برای بعضی از صفات تولیدمثلی ماده بزهای سیاه بنگالی بود. پارامترهای ژنتیکی توسط رویه حداکثر درستنمایی باقیماندهها با برازش یک مدل حیوانی بدون در نظر گرفتن ژنتیک مادری و یا اثرات محیطی دایمی برآورد شد. میانگینهای ح Moreموضوع این مطالعه ارزیابی پارامترهای ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی برای بعضی از صفات تولیدمثلی ماده بزهای سیاه بنگالی بود. پارامترهای ژنتیکی توسط رویه حداکثر درستنمایی باقیماندهها با برازش یک مدل حیوانی بدون در نظر گرفتن ژنتیک مادری و یا اثرات محیطی دایمی برآورد شد. میانگینهای حداقل مربعات تعداد بزغاله در زمان زایش، تعداد بزغاله در زمان از شیرگیری، وزن در زمان زایش، وزن در زمان از شیرگیری و طول دوره آبستنی بهترتیب 5/1، 29/1، 58/1، 37/6 کیلوگرم و 171 روز بود. اثر تعداد زایش بزهای ماده روی تعداد بزغالههای متولد شده، تعداد بزغالهها در زمان از شیرگیری، وزن در زمان زایش، و وزن در زمان از شیرگیری معنیدار بود. در مجموع، تعداد بزغاله در زمان زایش و زمان از شیرگیری و همچنین وزن بزغاله در زمان زایش و زمان از شیرگیری با افزایش تعداد زایش افزایش یافت. اثر فصل زایش روی تعداد بزغاله در زمان از شیرگیری و وزن بزغاله در زمان زایش و زمان از شیرگیری معنیدار بود. برآورد توارثپذیری برای تعداد بزغاله در زمان زایش، تعداد بزغاله در زمان از شیرگیری، وزن بزغاله در زمان زایش، وزن بزغاله در زمان از شیرگیری و طول دوره آبستنی بهترتیب 08/0، 13/0، 1/0، 0/0 و 18/0 بود. تخمینهای پایین بدستآمده برای صفات تولیدمثلی مشخص مینماید که انتخاب بر اساس عملکردهای فردی بزهای ماده ممکن است منجر به پیشرفت ژنتیکی آهسته شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - Effects of Adding Ethanol Extract of Propolis and Cumin Essential Oil to Diet on the Performance, Blood Parameters, Immune Response and Carcass Traits of Broiler Chicks
م. ترکی ژ. سلطانی ح. محمدی -
Open Access Article
298 - ارزیابی عملکرد تخمگذاری و خصوصیات کیفی تخم مرغان بومی پرورش یافته در مناطق روستایی استان اصفهان
ع.ع قیصری ق. مقصودی نژاد ع. آذربایجانیآزمایش حاضر به منظور بررسی عملکرد تولیدی و خصوصیات کیفی تخم مرغان بومی پرورش یافته در نواحی روستایی دو اقلیم مختلف در استان اصفهان انجام شد. به طور کلی تعداد 2160 قطعه جوجه بومی در این تحقیق مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. دو ناحیه اقلیمی (سرد و گرم) در استان اصفهان تعیین شد و Moreآزمایش حاضر به منظور بررسی عملکرد تولیدی و خصوصیات کیفی تخم مرغان بومی پرورش یافته در نواحی روستایی دو اقلیم مختلف در استان اصفهان انجام شد. به طور کلی تعداد 2160 قطعه جوجه بومی در این تحقیق مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. دو ناحیه اقلیمی (سرد و گرم) در استان اصفهان تعیین شد و در هر اقلیم دو شهر و در هر شهر سه روستا مورد انتخاب قرار گرفتند. چادگان و کاشان به عنوان شهرهای اقلیم سرد و کاشان و ورزنه به عنوان شهرهای اقلیم گرم درنظر گرفته شدند. در هر روستا شش خانواده به عنوان واحد آزمایشی انتخاب (مجموعا 72 خانواده) وتعداد 36 قطعه مرغ و 4 قطعه خروس بومی 45 روزه به هر خانواده تحویل داده شد. عملکرد تخمگذاری جوجه­ها در طول دوره تخمگذاری (21 تا 72 هفتگی) رکوردبرداری و خصوصیات کیفی تخم مرغ­ها هر دو ماه یک بار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج آزمایش حاضر نشان داد، اگر چه اقلیم بر تولید تخم مرغ طی دوره­های 25 تا 32 و 57 تا 64 هفتگی تأثیرگذار بود (05/0P<) ولی بر میانگین تولید در کل دوره تخمگذاری تأثیری نداشت. کمترین میزان تولید تخم مرغ در چادگان مشاهده شد (9/25 درصد) که به طور معنی­داری کمتر از ورزنه (9/35 درصد) و خوانسار (5/37 درصد) بود (05/0P<). علاوه بر این، شاخص­های کیفی پوسته در اقلیم سرد به طور معنی­داری بهتر از اقلیم گرم بود (05/0P<). بالاترین میزان ضخامت پوسته و نسبت ضخامت پوسته به وزن تخم مرغ در میان چهار شهر مورد آزمایش مربوط به چادگان بود (05/0P<). علاوه بر این، شاخص رنگ زرده در اقلیم گرم به طور معنی­داری نسبت به اقلیم سرد بهبود یافت (05/0P<). به طور کلی، خصوصیات کیفی تخم مرغ تحت تأثیر تغییرات اقلیمی قرار گرفت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Evaluation and comparison of parameters due to failure of Ghare Aghach dam using Froehlich method and BREACH model
Sayyed Ali Shahrezaie Mahdi Radfa Elham Ghanbari AdiviThe dam, like other man-made structures, may fail and cause extensive damage. In the present study, the parameters resulting from the failure of Ghare Aghach dam have been evaluated. The results showed that with the Froehlich method and the failure of the peak flow over MoreThe dam, like other man-made structures, may fail and cause extensive damage. In the present study, the parameters resulting from the failure of Ghare Aghach dam have been evaluated. The results showed that with the Froehlich method and the failure of the peak flow overtopping type equivalent to 9170.4 cubic meters per second, the failure of the peak flow piping type will be equal to 2383.4 cubic meters per second. With the BREACH model and the failure of the overtopping type, the peak flow is equal to 15654.7 cubic meters per second and if the failure is of the piping type, the peak flow will be equal to 1722.3 cubic meters per second. Although the BREACH model is more accurate, However, considering that the peak flow obtained by Froehlich method is 0.9792 with the peak flow observed from the BREACH model, so it has acceptable accuracy. Failure of the overtopping dam compared to the leakage condition at the level of 2444 from the dam body has a higher peak flow and will lead to financial losses as well as more casualties in the downstream area of the dam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - The influence of salt stress on the morpho physiological and biochemical parameters of durum wheat varieties (Triticum durum Desf.)
Nadia CHIAHI -
Open Access Article
301 - Evaluation of salinity tolerance of different clover species at germination and seedling stages
Forogh Hajivand Ghassemabadi Hamidreza Eisvand Omid Ali Akbarpour -
Open Access Article
302 - Effect of SiO2 nanoparticles on phytochemical and anatomical alterations in Anthemis gilanica
Halimeh Hassanpour Nastaran Ahmadi Malak Hekmati Mahbobeh Ghanbarzadeh -
Open Access Article
303 - Study on the growth of (Achillea millefolium L.) medicinal plant by soil inoculation of mountainous area with selected mycorrhizal fungi
Bostan Roudi Mohammad Mahdi Salamatmanesh -
Open Access Article
304 - The effect of different concentrations of exogenous nitric oxide on several physiological and biochemical parameters in NaCl-stressed coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
Roghayyeh Babri-Bonab sara saadatmand Hossein Nazemiyeh Alireza Iran-Bakhsh -
Open Access Article
305 - Responses of alfalfa influenced by magnetic field and rhizobial inoculant
Neda Kazemi Khaledi Sara Saadatmand Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad Taher Nejadsattari -
Open Access Article
306 - The Role of Potassium and Ascorbic acid on Some Growth and Physiological Responses in Catharanthus roseus
Neda Sahi Akbar Mostajeran -
Open Access Article
307 - Paclobutrazol Effect on Narcissus tazetta: A Guide to Understanding Endogenous Cues Improved Flowering
Shekoofeh Hajhashemi Omolbanin Jahantigh -
Open Access Article
308 - Effect of salinity stress on biochemical parameters and growth of borage (Borago officinalis L.) .
Simin Zahed Chakovari Shekoofeh Enteshari Nemat Qasimov -
Open Access Article
309 - Effects of Silver Nanoparticle Exposure on Growth, Physiological and biochemical Parameters of Dracocephalum moldavica L.
Zahra Haghighi Pak Naser Karimi Hossein Abbaspour -
Open Access Article
310 - Effect of Drought Stress on Some Growth Parameters and Several Biochemical Aspects in Two Pumpkin Species
Mozhgan Farzamisepehr Mahlagha Ghorbanli Zahra Tadji -
Open Access Article
311 - Evaluating Adaptability of SET Protocols Using Colored Petri Nets
Nesa Mohsenian Homayun Motameni Sajjad Jeddi Saravi -
Open Access Article
312 - Evaluation of reliability of object-oriented systems based on Cohesion and Coupling Fuzzy computing
Samira Kalantari Masoomeh Alizadeh Homayoun Motameni -
Open Access Article
313 - بررسی خصوصیات کمی و شناسایی عوامل بیماریزا در گل مریم تحت شرایط متغیر نیتروژن و پتاسیم در خوزستان
سید حسین محمودی نژاد دزفولی کیوان کریمیاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف نیتروژن و پتاسیم بر خصوصیات کمی گل مریم و شناسایی عوامل بیماری­زای مرتبط با آن در استان خوزستان انجام شد. این آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل و در قالب بلوک کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی آباد Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف نیتروژن و پتاسیم بر خصوصیات کمی گل مریم و شناسایی عوامل بیماری­زای مرتبط با آن در استان خوزستان انجام شد. این آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل و در قالب بلوک کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی آباد دزفول اجرا گردید. فاکتورها شامل چهار سطح نیتروژن شامل N1= 0، N2= 100، N3= 200 و N4= 300 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن خالص از منبع اوره و سه سطح پتاسیم شامل K1= 0، K2= 150 و K3= 300 کیلوگرم در هکتارK2O ازمنبع سولفات پتاسیم و 100 کیلوگرم p < sub>2O5 در هکتار از منبع سوپر فسفات تریپل بود. در این تحقیق نیتروژن برگ، طول خوشه، طول برگ، قرائت SPAD، شاخص سطح برگ (LAI)، ضریب استهلاک نوری، درصد بیماری و تابش فعال فتوسنتزی جذب شده اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که کود نیتروژن بر طول برگ، قرائت کلروفیلمتر، ضریب استهلاک نوری، تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی جذب شده و درصد بیماری در سطح 5 درصد همچنین بر درصد نیتروژن برگ، طول خوشه و شاخص سطح برگ در سطح 1 درصد تأثیر معنیدار داشته است. پتاسیم اثر معنی داری بر پارامترهای اندازه­گیری شده در این آزمایش نداشت. عوامل ایجاد کننده لکه های نکروزه در نوک و لبه­های برگ و گلبرگBotrytis sp. ، .Curvularia sp و .Fusarium sp بودند. در حالی که علت اصلی ایجاد لکه­های نکروزه روی گلبرگ­ها، تریپس است که احتمالاً از گونه­های F.intonsa یا F.schultzei است. به­طور کلی، کاربرد 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار نیتروژن و صفر کیلوگرم در هکتار K2O تیمار مناسب بدست آمده از نتایج پروژه است که می­توان به گلکاران (در کاشت پیاز درشت) توصیه نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Effect of Various Vermicompost-Tea Concentrations on Life Table Parameters of Macrosiphumrosae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Rose (Rosa hybrida L.) Flower
Saeid Modarres NajafabadiThe life table parameters of Macrosiphum rosae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on five vermicompost-tea (tea-compost) concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) and control treatment (0%) on Rosa hybrida L. were determined under laboratory conditions. There were significant dif MoreThe life table parameters of Macrosiphum rosae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on five vermicompost-tea (tea-compost) concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) and control treatment (0%) on Rosa hybrida L. were determined under laboratory conditions. There were significant differences among pre-imaginal period and adult longevity of the aphid on the five teacompost concentrations. The highest mortality occurred at first nymphal instar on all treatments. The life expectancy (ex) of one-day-old adults was estimated to be 30, 35, 37, 40, 42 and 20 days on various tea-compost concentrations and control treatment, respectively. The net reproductive rate (R0) significantly differed on different treatments, which was the highest on control (29.12±2.21 female offspring) and lowest on 100% of tea-compost concentration (15.47±2.12 female offspring). The highest and lowest values of the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were 0.736±0.171 day-1 (on control) and 0.105±0.005 day-1 (on 100% treatment), respectively. The finite rate of increase (?) varied from 1.101±0.143 day-1 (on 100% treatment) to 1.853±0.001 day-1 (on control). Doubling time ranged from 1.806±0.023 (on control) to 4.587±0.161 days (on 100% treatment). The longest mean generation time (T) of the rose aphid was obtained on 100% treatment. The results showed that the 100% of tea-compost concentration had the highest antibiotic effect on population growth of Macrosiphum rosae. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - Study On Flow Erosivity Indicators for Predicting Soil Detachment Rate at Low Slopes
Elham Sirjani Majid Mahmoodabadi -
Open Access Article
316 - برآورد ارزش بهبود وضعیت زیستمحیطی دریاچه ارومیه: کاربرد روش آزمون انتخاب
Mina Salehnia Baballah Hayati Mohammad Ghahremanzadeh Morteza Molaeiدریاچه ارومیه و تالاب­های اقماری آن به عنوان یکی از سایت­های نمونه طرح حفاظت از تالاب­های ایران با مشارکت برنامه عمران سازمان ملل انتخاب شده است. هدف این طرح، کاهش تهدیدات عمده پیش روی این منطقه تالابی با استفاده از یک برنامه جامع مدیریتی است. بنابراین در ای Moreدریاچه ارومیه و تالاب­های اقماری آن به عنوان یکی از سایت­های نمونه طرح حفاظت از تالاب­های ایران با مشارکت برنامه عمران سازمان ملل انتخاب شده است. هدف این طرح، کاهش تهدیدات عمده پیش روی این منطقه تالابی با استفاده از یک برنامه جامع مدیریتی است. بنابراین در این پژوهش به بررسی ترجیحات و استخراج مقادیر تمایل به پرداخت شهروندان ارومیه در جهت بهبود ویژگی­های زیست محیطی دریاچه ارومیه با استفاده از روش آزمون انتخاب پرداخته شده است. داده­ها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز از شهروندان شهر ارومیه در سال 1390 به دست آمده و با کاربرد مدل لاجیت پارامترهای تصادفی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین تمایل به پرداخت به بهبود ارتفاع سطح تراز آب از شرایط بحرانی فعلی به سطح مطلوب تعلق دارد. رسیدن به حد مطلوب کیفیت آب(میزان شوری)، تعداد فلامینگو و آرتمیای دریاچه در ردیف­های بعدی تمایل به پرداخت افراد قرار دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - Stability Causes of Ab-Ask landslide dam in Haraz river
Abbas Kangi -
Open Access Article
318 - Estimating of seismicity parameters in Golab 2 conveyance water tunnel with preliminary Gutenberg - Richter Method
Mohammad Azarafza Shahrzad Nikoobakht Ebrahim Asghari-Kaljahi Mirali-Akbar Nogol Sadat -
Open Access Article
319 - Geotechnical Characteristics of Liquefaction in Shahid-Rajaei Port Site (Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan Province) by Using GIS
Ebrahim Sharifi Teshnizi Abdollah Yazdi Jafar Rahnamarad -
Open Access Article
320 - Design of Control Charts for Monitoring Logistic Regression Profiles with Estimated Parameters
Zahra Musavipour Amirhossein Amiri Zahra Jalilibal -
Open Access Article
321 - A two-sided Bernoulli-based CUSUM control chart with autocorrelated observations
S. M. T. Fatemi Ghomi F. Sogandi -
Open Access Article
322 - MTBF evaluation for 2-out-of-3 redundant repairable systems with common cause and cascade failures considering fuzzy rates for failures and repair: a case study of a centrifugal water pumping system
Seyed Mohammad Mortazavi Maryam Mohamadi Javid Jouzdani -
Open Access Article
323 - Dynamic modeling to determine production strategies in order to maximize net present worth in small and medium size companies
B Kiyani P Shahnazari Shahrezaei H Kazemipoor M Fallah -
Open Access Article
324 - The effects of Nigella sativa oil on kidney nephron structure NMRI mice treated with high dose of silver nanoparticles
SMA shariatzadeh Afsaneh NematiToday, with the increasing use of silver nanoparticles in consumer products and medical products, including serious concerns have been expressed about the potential risks of nano-silver particles, the goal of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of Nigella MoreToday, with the increasing use of silver nanoparticles in consumer products and medical products, including serious concerns have been expressed about the potential risks of nano-silver particles, the goal of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) as a potent antioxidant on changes histological kidney tissue and blood biochemical parameters in rats treated with high dose of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), respectively. 24 adult male rats (NMRI) with an average weight of 25 to 30 g were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 6 rats including the control group, AgNPs (mg / kg / day500), NSO (ml / kg / day 5) and AgNPs + NSO split and both were treated orally for 35 days. At the end of the treatment period, mice, anatomy, left kidney removed, fix, molding, cutting and tissue processing was carried out using -Zan Han Hayden were stained. Renal tissue was evaluated parameters stereologically. Serum samples were analyzed. ANOVA and Tukey test to evaluate the study data. The differences in the extent (05/0 P <) were considered significant.In this study, a significant increase in mean total volume of renal corpuscle, glomeruli, Taft, Bowman's capsule membrane and a significant reduction in the volume of the entire space of Bowman's capsule AgNPs group compared to the control group. MalvndyLdyyd rate and serum urea AgNPs compared to the control group showed a significant increase (05 / 0P <) the parameters listed in Group AgNPs + NSO in the control group was normal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - The comparison of bacterial infection effects on semen parameters and assisted reproductive outcomes in infertile men
Fatemeh Ghasemian Shahin Esmaeilnezhad Mohammad Javad Mehdipoor MoghaddamSemen analysis is one of the most important methods that reflects the fertility potential of men. Many factors lead to infertility in men, among which urogenital bacterial infections seem to play an effective role. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the frequ MoreSemen analysis is one of the most important methods that reflects the fertility potential of men. Many factors lead to infertility in men, among which urogenital bacterial infections seem to play an effective role. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the frequency of bacterial infection in men with different infertility factor. Then, the effect of bacteriospermia was studied on the basic semen parameters and assisted reproductive outcomes.In this study, 98 semen samples from infertile men with male-factor infertility were collected. The semen samples were analyzed based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and categorized to four groups with male factor infertility. About 0.5-1 mL samples were prepared and used to inject into oocytes. To evaluate bacterial infection, the remaining samples were transported to microbiological laboratory during 1 hour to culture using standard bacteriological techniques. The bacterial infections such as E. coli (12.24%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (28.57%) were detected in 40.81% of the cultured samples. The basic semen parameters such as concentration, progressive motility, viability (p<0.05), and normal morphology (p<0.01) of sperms were decreased in the samples with bacterial infections. The clinical pregnancy was also decreased in the bacteriospermia groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, the presence of bacteriospermia could influence basic semen parameters and assisted reproductive outcomes, subsequently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - Study of interaction between the anti-tumor complex of zinc(II) containing Schiff base ligand with human and bovine serum albumin
somaye shahraki fatemeh khosraviDue to the growing interest of researchers in the synthesis of new chemical compounds that have diverse medicinal properties, in this study, the interaction of the complex of [Zn(SBL)2]Cl2 (SBL = Schiff base ligand 2(-iminoethyl)piperazine diacetyl monoxime) with human MoreDue to the growing interest of researchers in the synthesis of new chemical compounds that have diverse medicinal properties, in this study, the interaction of the complex of [Zn(SBL)2]Cl2 (SBL = Schiff base ligand 2(-iminoethyl)piperazine diacetyl monoxime) with human and bovine serum albumin proteins (HSA and BSA) in tris-buffer medium was investigated by spectroscopic methods. The results for both complexes were almost identical, as fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the inherent fluorescence quenching of both proteins is due to the interaction of the zinc complex through a static quenching mechanism. The zinc complex interacted with both proteins with almost the same affinity. Thermodynamic parameters showed the contribution of hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, but the role of hydrophobic interactions is not insignificant due to the presence of the imine group in the complex structure and the small amount of ∆S. Structural changes during the interaction of zinc complex with two proteins were investigated by synchronous‎ fluorescence methods as well as circular dichroism. The results of synchronous‎ ‎ fluorescence showed that during the interaction of the complex with proteins no noticeable polarity change occurred around the tryptophan residue while around the tyrosine residue the polarity changed. The study of circular dichroism spectroscopy also shows a decrease in the content of the alpha helix in both complexes. The results of this study confirm that the interaction of the zinc complex in both proteins is almost similar, so sometimes in pharmacological studies it can be used instead of human protein from its animal family. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - Factors affecting the inflation rate in selected developing countries with the TVP-VAR approach
Marjan Mohammad Esmaeil Reza Maaboudi Mohammad KhorsandInflation has been considered as one of the important economic indicators and one of the most important goals of governments is to control it. Inflation has significant economic consequences in the economy. Therefore, investigating factors affecting inflation is of part MoreInflation has been considered as one of the important economic indicators and one of the most important goals of governments is to control it. Inflation has significant economic consequences in the economy. Therefore, investigating factors affecting inflation is of particular importance. Among them is the shock of the exchange rate. so, this article examines the effect of exchange rate shock along with some explanatory variables on inflation in 47 developing countries by using panel structural vector autoregression model (Panel-SVAR) and vector autoregression with time-varying parameters (Panel-TVPVAR). It has been paid for the years 1990 to 2020. The criterion for selecting countries was the level of development and access to their information. In this research, in the first place, tests of unit root, co-accumulation and cross-sectional dependence have been performed. Also, the results indicate that in this period, one of the factors affecting inflation is the exchange rate changes in the countries. So that positive exchange rate shocks have a negative effect and negative exchange rate shocks have a positive effect on inflation. The results show that the increase in production and the degree of openness of the economy causes a decrease in inflation, as well as an increase in the size of the government and money supply, which causes an increase in inflation in selected developing countries. the effect of the mentioned variables on the inflation rate has been different in terms of size over time, but it has been constant in terms of the direction of the effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - Mathematical Modeling of Flow in a Granular Permeable Bed Channel
Hamid Reza Sheibani -
Open Access Article
329 - Spatial and Temporal Evaluation of Water Quality in the Kashkan River
Abazar Mostafaei -
Open Access Article
330 - Sensitivity Analysis of Meteorological Parameters in Runoff Modelling Using SWAT (Case Study: Kasillian Watershed)
Mohsen Ghane Sayed Reza Alvankar -
Open Access Article
331 - the impact of prenatal group stress management therapy on anxiety in mothers and newborns physiological parameters
Mahsa Karamoozian Ghasem Askarizadeh Ali Darekordithe aim of the present study was to examine the effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) training on the levels of anxiety during the pregnancy period and on newborns’ physiological parameters. This study was a semi experimental pretest-posttest wi Morethe aim of the present study was to examine the effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) training on the levels of anxiety during the pregnancy period and on newborns’ physiological parameters. This study was a semi experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. Thirty primiparous pregnant women who referred to the health clinics of Kermanwere selected using convenient sampling. The participants were randomly assigned into either experimental or control group. The data were collected using the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ; Vandenberg, 1990) and the newborns’ physiological parameters (weight, height, head circumference and Apgar score). The experimental group received 12 sessions of CBSM training. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that the anxiety scores of CBSM group significantly decreased in the posttest stage in comparison with the pretest stage and the scores of control group. There was no significant difference in physiological parameters between the two groups. These findings suggested the effectiveness of CBSM training during pregnancy in reducing the levels of anxiety. Therefore, pregnant women can benefit from psychological interventions such as stress management based on cognitive-behavior therapy in the medical and health centers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - Determination of physicochemical parameters and heavy metals in Jajrood River, Parchin area
E. Shirvani Mahdavi H. PasdarThis study has been carried out for determination of physicochemical parameters and concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni in JajroodRiver, Parchin area. The correlation between determined parameters with distance sampling was studied, and then they were compared to standar MoreThis study has been carried out for determination of physicochemical parameters and concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni in JajroodRiver, Parchin area. The correlation between determined parameters with distance sampling was studied, and then they were compared to standard values in drinking water and to water which is used for breeding Onchorhynchus mykiss. Sample taking was carried out in random in February 2008 for eight stations in the distance of 4km.In the above stations samples were collected with standard methods, and pH, EC, DO, and temperature values were determined by portable instruments. The other parameters were determined in laboratory. In order to study the concentration of heavy metals, flame atomic absorption was employed. The results showed that the most effective parameters in water are temperature, turbidity,total total dissolved solids, dissolved Oxygen and conductivity. The concentration of phosphate and the other soluble materials are less significant. It was found that Calcium Chloride plays the most important role in increasing the electrical conductivity of water. moving down the river conductivity increases, whereas concentration of nitrate ion increases. By comparison of physicochemical parameters of the samples to standard values in Iran, it was found that turbidity of the samples showed significant differences with standard values (P<0.01) for drinking water and turbidity, electrical conductivity, concentration of Chloride ion and nitrate ion of the samples showed a significant difference with standard values for water which is used for breeding Onchorhynchus mykiss (P<0.01). Investigation showed that concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni were very low therefore it is suitable for drinking water and breeding Onchorhynchus mykiss. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - Investigation of some biological aspects of Cobitis taenia, index of clean water, Talar River (Mazandaran Province)
A. Ashja Ardalan S. Bahrebar R. Mousavi Nadushan S. VatandoustIn this study some of the biological aspect like age and growth, length and weight and longitudinal growth of Cobitis taenia which have been fished in Talar River has been reviewed. Samples were taken from two locations, 20 km apart, from Oct. 2008 up to Sept. 2009. Sam MoreIn this study some of the biological aspect like age and growth, length and weight and longitudinal growth of Cobitis taenia which have been fished in Talar River has been reviewed. Samples were taken from two locations, 20 km apart, from Oct. 2008 up to Sept. 2009. Samples were collected monthly by using an Electro-shocker machine .Collectively 410 speciemen of Cobitis taenia were obtained. Fishes have been examined for sex identification and 158 male , 119 Female and 133 immature have been determined from two locations during one year. This sampels belonged to 4 age groups of females and males. The proportion of male to female was 1/3 to 1. The relation between length and weight of males and females was W=0/671×TL+0/043 & W=1/593×TL+0/061. Growth parameters of Vonbertalanfi equation for males and females fish were as follows: L∞:680/09 K: 0/04 t0:0/106. Difference of Length Frequency distribution among males and females regarding the age were significant (P<0/05) the male fish had more frequency in the short length. The frequency for males, females and immatures was estimated to be32/4, 29 and 38/5percent. The weight and length of females was more than males. Average age for males was 0- 2 years and for females is 0- 3. Dominant age and average age for all fish were estimated to be 1 and 1/07 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - The Effect of walnut shell on coloration of Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio)
H. Ghazvini A. Vosoughi A. MatinfarIn this study the effect of oral administration of green skin of walnuts on the growth and color of Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) has been studied in 60 Koi fishof average weight of 1.50±0.06g and average length of 53.00±1.48mm in 3 treatments and 1 control a MoreIn this study the effect of oral administration of green skin of walnuts on the growth and color of Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) has been studied in 60 Koi fishof average weight of 1.50±0.06g and average length of 53.00±1.48mm in 3 treatments and 1 control and each with 3 replicates.Twelve aquariumsof 33×40×50 dimension were used. The control group had no food additives (basic food was fed). First treatment with food containing 0.1 percent, second treatment with food containing 0.2 per cent, third treatment with food containing 0.3 percent green skin of walnut was fed for 8 weeks (56day) breeding period. Every 20 days once, biometry including gravimetric and length measurement was done. Also, at the end of the period from each treatment, 3 fish were selected at to random.To asses the color change, the colorimetric system L*a*b* was used, using device CHROMA METER CR_40. There was no significant difference regarding all three factors. Generally, it can be concluded that the use of green skin of walnuts to fish food ration, cause no impact on some growth factors and as well as survival rate and food conversion rate, but the apparent color index impact was significanot(P≥0.05) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - Effect of salinity, temperature and dissolved oxygen on survival of Perinereis nuntia (Polychaeta, Annelida), in vitro
P. Nejatkhah Manavi S. AmiriThis study was performed for a period of 3 weeks, on the survival of Polychaeta Perinereis nuntia, at various salinities, temperatures and dissolved oxygen levels, in laboratory condition. Among these factors, salinity had the most significant effecton the surviva MoreThis study was performed for a period of 3 weeks, on the survival of Polychaeta Perinereis nuntia, at various salinities, temperatures and dissolved oxygen levels, in laboratory condition. Among these factors, salinity had the most significant effecton the survival of P. nuntia. There were one control group and 3 treatments at different salinities, includeing 1/5 (7.1 ppt), 3/5 (21.3 ppt) and 7/5 (49.7 ppt) of sea water salinity. The salinity of the control group was 35.5 ppt. Maximum rate of survival was observed in control group with 70% mortality and the minimum was in 7.1 ppt treatment by full fatality in the first week. There was significant difference in survival rate of various temperature treatments (p<0.05). Minimum and maximum survival rate in temperature treatments were in 44º Ϲ with 33% and 24 º Ϲ with 70%, respectively. Dissolved oxygen concentration was the least effective factor on survival of P. nuntia. The highest survival rate was in 5-6 ppm of dissolved oxygen concentration with 80% survival and the lowest was in 7-8 ppm with 73% survival. Results showed that the maximum survival rate of Perinereis nuntia was in dissolved oxygen treatments and the highest mortality rates were in different concentrations of salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - Study of horizontal and vertical distribution of physic- chemical parameters and chlorophyll a in Hormoz Strait
L. Bahrami Samani M. Ebrahimi M. GhorbanliIn order to access the process of horizontal and vertical change in physic- chemical parameters and chl.a in the coastlines of Hormozegan Province from the Jask region to Bandar Lengeh in the area of 54˚ to 57˚ and 49 minutes along the east , 34 stations were sele MoreIn order to access the process of horizontal and vertical change in physic- chemical parameters and chl.a in the coastlines of Hormozegan Province from the Jask region to Bandar Lengeh in the area of 54˚ to 57˚ and 49 minutes along the east , 34 stations were selected .The sampling operation was done in February of 2008 by using R/V Ferdous 1 with the assistance of the Ecology Institute of the Persia Gulf and the Sea of Oman. The results of the horizontal distribution of salinity and density indicated that the parameters from the east to the west have increased . The salinity in the region of Bandar Jask 36.7 and around KishIsland it has reached 37.9 (ppt). In the Jask area , density has reached 24.8 and around Kish area it has increased to 26.2 g/cm3 . The salinity and density increased from surface to depth.But this increase had more fluctuations in the areas of west of Straight of Hormoz (Persian Gulf) compared to the areas from east to the west and from the surface to the depth where it actually reduces . The results from the horizontal distribution of chl.a indicated that in this month, the amount of chl.a in the region of Bandar Abbass and the Strait of Hormoz because of Plankton blooming is relatively more that the east and west of the Strait of Hormoz. In addition to that , the vertical changes of chl.a indicated that its amount in the coastlines where the plankton bloom was visible , was reduced from the surface to the depth , but in the marine stations the highest amount of it was in the 10-20 meter layers of depth .The result from the study of water`s turbidity indicated the process of changes in the water's turbidity , especially in the surface layers follows the chl.a changes . Also , the study of the horizontal distribution of the water's turbidity in the surface of the regions under study indicated that the western regions of the Strait of Hormoz enjoyed or had the highest amount of turbidity and its reason was its being shallow and effects of mangro Forests. The results indicated that there was a direct correlation between the horizontal and vertical distribution and the amount of chl.a and the disolved oxygen. It means that as the chl.a increased , the oxygen also went up and as it went down , the oxygen went down too. The results of the statistical study between chl.a and desolved oxygen in the 3 zone of the study indicated that in the northern region of the Strait of Hormoz , the correlation index between the two parameters was 0.9 and in the east and west it was 0.7 . The amount of EC from the surface to the depth was reduced and its process of changes followed almost the process of changes in the temperature while the amount of desolved oxygen in the region of the Strait of Hormoz were more than eastern and western stations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - Some of the growth parameters of Indian carp brooder (Catla catla) in earthen pond in Khouzestan province
S. Ayati Behbahani H. Hosseinzadeh Sahafi M. Khodadadi G. EskandariIn this one year study, the growth parameters of Indian carp, broodstock Catla catla such as: the percentage weight gain (WG), Average Daily Growth (ADG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), condition factor (K), length and weight of biometrics and also, some environmental para MoreIn this one year study, the growth parameters of Indian carp, broodstock Catla catla such as: the percentage weight gain (WG), Average Daily Growth (ADG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), condition factor (K), length and weight of biometrics and also, some environmental parameters during the 1389 to 1390 were measured seasonally. For this, 16 brood stock Catla fish, with a sex ratio of (1:1) which was almost equal, from three ponds of 1700 m2, in which they were released, were used. Ponds before stocking, were enriched by manure. Also during the period, were enriched with chemical fertilizer. Broodstock were also provided with concentrate diet (Byza fars Company) every morning and evening. The relationship between length and weight were obtained, for the females b=3/21 and for males b =2/93. This indicates that such growth is isometric. In this relationship, the female and male respectively, equivalent to y = 0.007x3.2165 and y = 0.0197x2.9377. Growth parameters for the total period was as follows: (WG) {females: 114/27, male: 211/61}; (ADG) {females: 3/08 male: 3/68}, (SGR) {females: 0/09, male: 0/2} and Obesity factor in the broodstock was between 1/54 and 1/76 respectively. On the whole, according to prevailing environmental conditions and fish physiology, growth indicator species is acceptable. Physico-chemical factors also revealed a normal process. The results obtained showed that the adaptability of carp Catla, with the climate condition of the province (long periods of heat) is possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - Comparison of physico-chemical parameters of Beheshte Maasume wetland water in Qom Province in winter and summer
B. Saeidpoor M. MadaniIn this study, physical and chemical parameters of Behesht- e- Masoumeh wetland water in Qom province, Iran, was studied. For this purpose six points of the pond were sampled, in winter of 1393 followed by summer of 1394. Variables included: temperature, electrica MoreIn this study, physical and chemical parameters of Behesht- e- Masoumeh wetland water in Qom province, Iran, was studied. For this purpose six points of the pond were sampled, in winter of 1393 followed by summer of 1394. Variables included: temperature, electrical conductivity, salinity, turbidity, nitrite, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, aluminum, iron, potassium, TDS, pH, BOD and COD. Results showed that the mean concentration of nitrate in summer and in winter were 2.96±2.19 and 0.98±0.78 mg per liter, respectively, hence, nitrate concentration in summer was almost 3 times more than the concentration in winter. Mean concentration of phosphate in summer and winter were 8.21±14.52 and 0.19±0.15 mg per liter, respectively, showing that the phosphate concentration in summer was 43 times more compared with winter. The average of salinity in winter and summer were 11.87±5.59 and 78.38±77.13 mg per liter, respectively. Winter BOD average was 5.68±3.27 mg per liter while in summer was 15.93±14.59. COD average in winter was 45.3±35.69 mg per liter, while in summer was 667.83±921.63 mg per liter. Aluminum average in winter was 0.038±0.0197 mg per liter while in summer was 0.012±0.019 mg per liter. Iron average in winter was 0.08±0.05 , while in summer was 0.309±0.33 mg per liter. The results showed that the levels of all measured parameters including COD, BOD, turbidity, nitrate, phosphate, nitrite, aluminum and iron in winter and levels of turbidity, nitrate, nitrite, aluminum, iron and BOD in summer were less than the limits of national standards of I. R. Iran for wastewater. However, activity, expansion and development of centers like Behesht -e- Masoumeh cemetery and industrial units, can reduce the water quality of Behesht-e-masoumeh pond, by increasing pollution load in surface and underground water and increasing air pollution, too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - The Comparatision of Blood Indices on Farmed Stellate Sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) and Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
M. Aghabrari S. Abdali A. Yousefi JourdehiBlood parameters often are used as indicator for stress and health condition evaluation in fishes. The aim of this study was to compare the blood and biochemical indices between stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) and Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). In total, 20 broo MoreBlood parameters often are used as indicator for stress and health condition evaluation in fishes. The aim of this study was to compare the blood and biochemical indices between stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) and Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). In total, 20 brood stock fish (including 10 of each species) were selected and blood samples were taken. Results showed that mean levels of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), cholesterol and osmolarity in Common Carp were more than Stellate sturgeon and showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Differential count of leucocytes showed that mean level of lymphocytes percent in A. stellatus was more than C.carpio, whileneutrophile, Eosynophile and monocyte in C.carpio were morethan A. stellatus with no significant difference (P>0.05). Mean level of Glucose in C.carpio was significantly more than A. stellatus (P<0.05). Mean levels of triglyceride, albumin and total protein in A.stellatus was significantly more than C.carpio (P<0.05). Cytomorphological parameters of RBC such as cell area, nucleus area and MCV in A.stellatus was significantly more than C. carpio. The results indicated that the levels of some blood parameters were different between stellate sturgeons (Acipenser stellatus) in comparison with Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) which can be related to their difference in development levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - Assessment and determination of heavy metals zinc, nickel and cadmium and physical and chemical parameters of water Shatrh
R. Khanpoor Zaranji L. Salimi M. GhanehRivers are important water resources which to have broad application. Heavy metal are considered as important factors in pollution of water resources. On the other hand, the entry of pollutants into rivers, cause physical and chemical changes in them. The recogniti MoreRivers are important water resources which to have broad application. Heavy metal are considered as important factors in pollution of water resources. On the other hand, the entry of pollutants into rivers, cause physical and chemical changes in them. The recognition of these metals and the knowledge of their parameters and trends is essential. This study aimed to determine physical and chemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, EC) and the amount of zinc, nickel and cadmium of Shatereh river (Its water used to irrigate farm) located in the southwest of Tehran. Sampling was done at 3 stations in Esfand 1392 (Persian calender before the bridge Shatereh, industrial areas and agricultural areas) with 3 replications.Average ater temperature of 8.25 ° C, mean dissolved oxygen 8.03 , pH levelsranging 8.02 and the average amount were abserved EC 493.32 cm .Average amount of heavy metals, zinc, nickeland cadmium were respectively 0.4206, 38.135, 39.180 micrograms per liter. The variance of zinc, nickel and cadmium of there station at sig <0.05 showed that there was significant difference betwean 3 station. According to the EPA standard of measured parameters, the data are shown t in to be in the acceptable range and the results for zn showed that the levels in all 3 stations are within standard leveland heavy metal content of nickel and cadmium exceeded the standard level at 3 stations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - The comparative study of blood indices between farmed Stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) and Common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
A. Yousefi Jourdehi S. AbdaliBlood parameters are often used as indicator for stress and health condition evaluation in fishes. The aim of this study was to compare blood and biochemical indices between stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) and Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). In total, 20 brood st MoreBlood parameters are often used as indicator for stress and health condition evaluation in fishes. The aim of this study was to compare blood and biochemical indices between stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) and Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). In total, 20 brood stock fish (including 10 of each species) were selected and their blood samples were taken. Results showed that the mean counts of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), percentage of haematocrit (Hct), level of hemoglobin (Hb), cholesterol and osmolarity in Common Carp was more than Stellate sturgeon, although no significant difference was observed(P≥0.05). Differential count of leucocytes showed that the mean lymphocyte percentage in A.stellatus was more than C.carpio, while there was no significant difference seen in percentage of neutrophiles, Eosynophiles and monocytes in C.carpio compared with A.stellatus (P≥0.05). Mean level of Glucose in C.carpio was significantly more than A.stellatus (P≤0.05). On the other hand, mean level of triglyceride, albumin and total protein in A.stellatus was significantly more than C.carpio (P≤0.05). Cytomorphological parameters of RBC such as cell area, nucleus area and MCV in A.stellatus was significantly more than C.carpio. Therefore, the levels of some blood parameters were different in stellate sturgeons (Acipenser stellatus) in comparison with Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio), that can be related to their development differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - Study of Reduce Harmonic and Increasing Positioning Determination in Variable Reluctance Resolver with Area Couplings
Roya Shmsali Hamid Lesani -
Open Access Article
343 - Investigating the Effect of Different Penetration of Renewable Energy Resources on Islanded Microgrid Frequency Control Using a Robust Method
Amir Hosein Tayebi Reza Sharifi Amir Hosein Salemi Faramarz Faghihi -
Open Access Article
344 - The Effect of Crataegus pseudomelanicarpa Pojark. Canopy on Soil Total Carbon and Particulate Organic Matter in Grazed and Ungrazed Areas in Alborz Rangelands, Noor County, Iran
Reza Erfanzadeh Fatemeh Barzegaran Siroos Saber Amoli -
Open Access Article
345 - Influence of Climatic Factors on Forage Production and Vegetation Cover of Iran's Upland Rangeland (Jashloobar Rangeland, Semnan Province)
Somayeh Naseri Behrooz Arastoo Tahereh Parvaneh -
Open Access Article
346 - Correlations between Some Vegetation Attributes and Soil Physicochemical Properties at Selected Wet Season Grazing Sites Central Sudan
Abdelrahim Elbalola Ibrahim Yousef Ahmed Elshikh -
Open Access Article
347 - Potential of Oat (Avena sativa), Vetch (Vicia villosa) and their Mixtures as Fodder in the Ethiopian Highland
Alemayehu Jambo Kassa S. Retta Habtamu Didena -
Open Access Article
348 - Statistical Downscaling HadCM3 Model for Detection and Perdiction of Seasonal Climatic Variations (Case Study: Khabr Rangeland, Kerman, Iran)
Amir Saadatfar Hossein Barani Abdol Reza Bahremand Ali Reza Massah Bavani Adel Sepehry Ahmad Abedi Servestani -
Open Access Article
349 - The Identification of the Modal Parameters of Orbital Machines using Dynamic Structural Approach
Hossein Pirzadeh Alireza Mohammadion Armen Adamian -
Open Access Article
350 - Online Aggregation of Coherent Generators Based on Electrical Parameters of Synchronous Generators
Farkhondeh Jabari Heresh Seyedi Sajad Najafi Ravadanegh -
Open Access Article
351 - A Novel Comprehensive Taxonomy of Intelligent-Based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
Seyed Hassan Mosakazemi Mohammadi Reza sabbaghi-Nadooshan -
Open Access Article
352 - An accelerated gradient based iterative algorithm for solving systems of coupled generalized Sylvester-transpose matrix equations
A‎. ‎M‎. ‎E‎. ‎ Bayoumi M. A. Ramadan M. Nili Ahmadabadi -
Open Access Article
353 - Review and Modelling of Hexavalent Chromium Removal Efficiency of Bio-Sorption and Activated Carbon for Waste Water Treatment
Desalegn Akuma Abraham Bayu Temesgen Amibo -
Open Access Article
354 - Comparison of some nutritional and fermentative parameters of silage produced from maize (Zea mays L.) of single cross 704 cultivar during dent Stage
Mohsen KazemiAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and some fermentation parameters of whole-crop corn forage (WCCF, Single cross 704 cultivar) collected at the dent stage, before and after ensiling. A whole sample of forage corn was ensiled in multi-layer pl MoreAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and some fermentation parameters of whole-crop corn forage (WCCF, Single cross 704 cultivar) collected at the dent stage, before and after ensiling. A whole sample of forage corn was ensiled in multi-layer plastic bags for 60 and 120 days, and one sample was considered as control (without ensiling). Some chemical compounds, gas production parameters and fermentation parameters in the media and silage environment were determined using common laboratory methods. The chemical compounds (including CP, NDF, ADF, ADL, CF, EE, NFC, and OM), metabolizable energy, net energy for lactation, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, and gas production parameters of WCCF were not affected by the ensiling. However, by ensiling, the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and ammonia nitrogen in the culture medium were significantly increased compared to the control group. Also, lactic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia nitrogen showed a significant increase in the silage environment when WCCF ensiled, but in contrast, water-soluble carbohydrates and pH decreased significantly. The overall results showed that ensiling had no negative effect on the chemical compounds of WCCF, but increasing in some parameters (such as increasing TVFA in the medium and increasing the acetic acid and lactic acid) could have represented an effect on the fermentation process of WCCF after ensiling. No difference was found between the experimental results for corn silage, 60 and 120 days after ensiling. Therefore, WCCF (single cross 704) can be ensiled at dent stage with acceptable quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - اثر آبسیزیک اسید و براسینواستروئید بر میزان پرولین و رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی و دوام سطح برگ جو بدون پوشینه در رژیمهای مختلف آبیاری
khadijesadat tahamtan omid alizadeh barmak jafari haghighiIn order to study the effect of abscisic acid and brassinosteroid on proline accumulation and photosynthetic pigments content and leaf area duration in naked barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) under different irrigation levels the pot experiment was conducted based on factoria MoreIn order to study the effect of abscisic acid and brassinosteroid on proline accumulation and photosynthetic pigments content and leaf area duration in naked barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) under different irrigation levels the pot experiment was conducted based on factorial as Completely Randomized Design with three replications in Islamic azad University of Arsanjan. Factors were consisted of irrigation in two levels (field capacity and 50% field capacity) and foliar spray of abscisic acid and brassinosteroid in flowering stage (control and 4 ppm ABA and 10 ppm brassinosteroid and 4 ppm ABA + 10 ppm brassinosteroid). Results showed, water deficit stress caused increasing proline, chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid in naked barley and leaf area duration was decreased by water deficit stress. Application of brassinosteroid increased damages of water deficit stress but abscisic acid or brassinosteroid + abscisic acid decreased the damages of water deficit stress in naked barley by photosynthetic pigments content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - Response of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Seedling Rootstocks to Salicylic Acid Foliar Application under Water Stress
Mostafa Ghasemi Kazem Arzani Abbas Yadollahi Hossein Hokmabadi Majid Agha-Alikhani -
Open Access Article
357 - Using an Infrared Gas Analyzer for Evaluation of Photosynthetic Activity in Some Iranian Pistachio Cultivars
H. R. Roosta A.R. Sajjadinia -
Open Access Article
358 - Response of Almond Genotypes/Cultivars Grafted on GN15 ‘Garnem’ Rootstock in Deficit-Irrigation Stress Conditions
Hossein Fathi Ali Imani Mohammad Esmaeel Amiri Jafar Hajilou Jaefar Nikbakht -
Open Access Article
359 - Influence of NaCl Seed Priming on Growth and Some Biochemical Attributes of Safflower Grown under Saline Conditions
ElouaerMohamed Aymen Ben Fredj Meriem Zhani Kaouther Hannachi CherifReserarch on Crop Ecophysiology Vol. 9/1, Issue 1 (2014), Pages:13 - 20 Original Research Influence of NaCl Seed Priming on Growth and Some Biochemical Attributes of Safflower Grown under Saline Condit MoreReserarch on Crop Ecophysiology Vol. 9/1, Issue 1 (2014), Pages:13 - 20 Original Research Influence of NaCl Seed Priming on Growth and Some Biochemical Attributes of Safflower Grown under Saline Conditions Elouaer Mohamed Aymen 1 *, Ben Fredj Meriem 1, Zhani Kaouther 1,Hannachi Cherif 1 Sousse University, High Institute of Agronomy, Chott Mariem, 4042, Tunisia * Corresponding author E-mail: aymenouaer@gmail.com Received: 17 July 2013 Accepted: 12 November 2013 Abstract This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of NaCl priming on growth traits and some biochemical attributes of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L. cv Safola) in salinity conditions. Seeds of safflower were primed with NaCl (5 g L-1) for 12 h in 23 °C. Primed (P) and non primed (NP) seeds were directly sown in the field. Experiments were conducted using various water concentrations induced by NaCl (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1) in salinity experiment. Results showed that growth (plant height, fresh and dry weight) and biochemical (chlorophyll, proline and proteins content) of plants derived from primed seeds were greater of about 15 to 30% than that of plants derived from non primed seeds. It seems that salinity tolerance in priming resulted plants was due to higher potential of these plants to accumulate more biochemical attributes (more chlorophylles, proline and proteins in primed plants than controls ones). Keywords: Biochemical attributes, Growth parameters, Safflower, Salinity, Seed priming Introduction Salt stress is certainly one of the most serious environmental factors limiting the productivity of crop plants (Ashraf, 1999). This is due to the fact that salinity affects most aspects of plant physiology, growth and development (Borsani et al., 2003). One metabolic response to salt stress is the synthesis of compatible osmolytes (Hasegawa et al., 2000). These organic compounds are thought to mediate osmotic adjustment, protecting cellular structures and oxidative damage by their free radical scavenging capacity (Smirnoff, 1993). Metabolic acclimation via the accumulation of compatible solutes is often regarded as a basic strategy for the protection and survival of plants under abiotic stress (Sakamoto and Murata, 2000 Shabala and Cuin, 2006). Many plant species accumulate significant amounts of glycine betaine, proline, and polyols in response to high salinity (Di Martino et al., 2003). In addition to the conventional role of these compatible solutes in cell osmotic adjustment (Bray, 1993), they are also suggested to act as low molecular-weight chaperones, stabilizing the photosystem II complex, protecting the structure of enzymes and proteins, maintaining membrane integrity and scavenging ROS (Mansour, 1998 Noiraud et al., 2001). The production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in cells increases during abiotic and biotic stresses like salt stress, as does the level of ROS-induced damage. Elevated production of ROS can seriously disrupt cellular homeostasis and normal metabolisms through oxidative damage to lipids, protein, and nucleic acid (Bandeoglu et al., 2004). Seed priming is a pre-sowing treatment that involves exposure of seeds to low external water potential that limits hydration. This hydration is sufficient to permit pre-germinative metabolic events but insufficient to allow radicle protrusion through the seed coat. This technique has become a common seed treatment that can increase emergence, growth, yield and salt tolerance mainly under unfavorable environmental conditions (Ashraf and Rauf 2001). Higher salt tolerance of plants from primed seed seems to be the results of a higher capacity of osmotic adjustment (proline or carbohydrate synthesis) in leaves. Sivritepe et al. (2003) confirmed that NaCl seed priming increased proline concentration and salt tolerance of melon seedlings. Farhoudi et al. (2007) suggested that canola seed priming with NaCl improved salinity tolerance in canola seedlings because it decreased cell membrane injury and increased seedling proline concentration. Seed priming is one of the physiological methods which improve plant growth and yield. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine the effect of NaCl priming on some aspects of growth and physiology, including protein, chlorophyll and proline content of safflower under salt stress. Materials and methods The experiment was carried in the experimental field research of Chott Mariem High Institute of Agronomy, (Tunisia) in November 2011. Safflower seeds were primed with 5 g L-1 NaCl solution for 12 hours, at 22 °C. After priming, primed and non primed seeds (control seeds) were sown directly in the soil at the month of November. Throughout their vegetative cycles, plants from primed and control seeds were irrigated with saline water at five levels of NaCl concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1). The experiment was arranged as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications and 20 plants per replication and two factors which were priming treatment (NaCl primed seeds and control seeds) and salinity levels (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1 NaCl). Photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a and b content were calculated (663 and 640 nm) according to the method of Lichtenthaler (1987). Protein content was estimated at 595 nm according to the method of Bradford (1976) using bovine serum albumin as standard. Free proline was estimated at 520 nm according to the method of Bates et al. (1973) and pure proline was used as standard. Plants were harvested at the flowering stage and were recorded on shoot fresh and dry weight (g plant-1), shoot chlorophyll a content (mg g-1fresh weight), shoot chlorophyll b content (mg g-1 fresh weight), shoot chlorophyll (a + b) content (mg g-1 fresh weight), shoot proline content (μg.g-1 fresh weight), shoot protein content (mg.g-1 fresh weight). Growth and biochemical parameters of safflower were evaluated with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan multiple range test (p NP P NP P NP P NP P NP 162a 143c 153b 135cd 141c 122e 132d 118f 124e 109g 423a 214c 312b 165d 156de 146e 143e 129f 131f 98g 158a 119c 142b 106d 109d 93e 98e 86f 77g 58h Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level according to Duncan test. P: Primed seed, NP: Non Primed seed Table 2. Effect of NaCl priming and salinity on chlorophyll, proline and proteins contents of safflower under NaCl stress Treatments Chlr (a) (mg g-1 F.Wt.) Chlr (b) (mg g-1 F.Wt.) Chlr (a + b) (mg g-1 F.Wt.) Proline (μg g-1 F. Wt.) Proteins (mg g-1 F. Wt.) Seed Priming NaCl (g L-1) 0 3 6 9 12 P NP P NP P NP P NP P NP 1.628a 1.236e 1.532b 1.195f 1.402c 0.952fg 1.306d 0.806g 1.224e 0.671h 0.824a 0.627c 0.706b 0.514d 0.596d 0.394f 0.467e 0.271g 0.334f 0.194h 2.574a 1.914c 2.298b 1.704e 2.094b 1.692e 1.802d 1.042g 1.604f 0.834h 61.18e 52.52f 102.24d 62.02e 119.84c 104.68cd 154.67b 114.52c 196.42a 158.08b 0.385e 0.197h 0.421d 0.243g 0.474c 0.286f 0.502b 0.306ef 0.543a 0.342ef Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level according to Duncan test. P: Primed seed, NP: Non Primed seed Maximum shoot proline content of 196.42 μg g-1 fresh weight was recorded in plant derived from primed (P) seeds from the treatment applied with 12 g L-1 NaCl. Minimum proline content of 52.52 μg g-1 fresh weight was recorded from plant derived from control seeds with the application of 0 g L-1 NaCl. Highest shoot protein content was recorded in plant derived from primed seeds with the application of 12 g L-1 NaCl (0.543 mg g -1 Fresh Weight). The Lowest shoot proteins were observed in plant derived from control seeds with the application of 0 g L-1 NaCl (0.197 mg g-1 Fresh Weight). The treatment of seed priming has increased shoot protein content by 35% in primed seed (P) than non primed seed (NP). Mean values of the data revealed significant increase in shoot protein content with the application of additional increment of salinity. Shoot protein content was enhanced with the application of 3, 6, 9 and 12 g L-1 salinity levels, respectively. Discussion The present study confirmed that plant height recorded in plants derived from primed seeds were significantly different from non-primed treatments when exposed to different salinity levels. Similar results are also reported by Sivritepe et al. (2003) in melon. It was observed that boosting levels of salinity has gradually decreased plant height which might be due to decreased physiological activities resulting from water and nutrients stress occurring under salinity stress. The adverse effect of salinity on plants may lead to disturbances in plant metabolism, which consequently led to reduction of plant growth and productivity (Shafi et al., 2009). Seed priming and salinity levels have extensively affected shoot fresh and dry weight (g plant-1) of safflower. Shoot weight decreased progressively with the rise of stress level compared with control. Fortmeir and Swchuber (1995) also reported similar results in barley. The increase in salinity levels resulted in the development of water and nutrient stresses. The toxic effect of sodium at high salt levels and physical damage to roots decreased their ability to absorb water and nutrient which caused marked reduction in photosynthesis, enzymatic process and protein synthesis (Tester and Davenport, 2003), which resulted in stunted growth and poor leaf area development. The decrease in the rate of photosynthesis due to leaf area might be responsible to decrease shoot fresh and in turn dry weight. It is evident from results that primed seeds in comparison with control seeds resulted in more crop growth rate (Basra et al., 2003). Therefore, it is concluded that seed priming could be more effective in improving safflower growth parameters. These results agree with the finding of Harris et al. (2001) and Basra et al. (2003). They reported greater plant weight following seed priming. Salinity drastically affects photosynthesis due to decreasing chlorophyll content and commonly showed adverse effects on membrane stability (Parida et al., 2002). Salinity reduced the chlorophyll a and b content with increasing NaCl concentrations. Increasing salinity decreased chlorophyll content in plants (Scalet et al., 1995). Salinity caused decreases in phototsynthetic pigment contents and photosystem II electron transport activity in plants (Potluri and Devi Prasad, 1996). The reduction of photosynthetic pigment in the present study might have been degradation of chlorophyll by chlorophyllase and reactive oxygen species generated during photorespiration under salinity. Salt induced osmotic stress as well as sodium toxicity trigger to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such superoxide (O2.), hydrogen peroxide (HO), hydroxyl radical (OH) and singlet oxygen (O2-), which can damage mitochondria and chloroplast by disrupting cellular structure (Singh et al., 1987). It is attributed to a salt-induced weakening of protein-pigment-lipid complex and due to the suppression of the specific enzyme which is responsible for synthesis of green pigments (Souza et al., 2004) or increases chlorophyllase enzyme activity (Sreenivasulu et al., 1999). Leslie and Romani (1988) have showed that salicylic acid seed priming treatment stimulates photosynthetic machinery and increase the content of chlorophyll. El-Tayeb (2005) has found that Barley seeds presoaked with 1mM salicylic acid under salinity (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mM NaCl) increased the photosynthetic pigment like chlorophyll ‘a’, ‘b’ and caratenoids in shoots and roots of 15 day old seedlings compared to seedlings treated with NaCl alone. In the present investigation, seed priming with NaCl had maintained significantly higher total chlorophyll contents and its fractions ‘a’ and ‘b’ compared to control which recorded highest reduction. Similar increase in chlorophyll content has been reported by several authors, Saha and Gupta (1998) in mungbean, Afria et al. (1998) in Gaur and Cengiz et al. (2002) in tomato. The increase in chlorophyll content in these treatments was attributed to decrease in chlorophyllase activity and de novo synthesis of structural component of proteins which are responsible for chlorophyll degradation (Subater and Rodriguez, 1978). Proline plays an important role in reducing the injurious effects of salinity and an acceleration of the repairing processes following stresses. Proline has already been reported to act as an osmoprotectant and associated with mechanism of salt tolerance under salinity stresses (Yu Lei and Shaozheng, 2000). It protects folded protein structures against denaturation, stabilizes cell membranes by interacting with phospholipids, functions as a hydroxyl radical scavenger, or serves as an energy and nitrogen source (Aspinal and Paleg, 1981). Accumulation of solutes like proline can help the plant systems to adopt in saline environment (Garcia et al., 1997). Sivritepe et al. (2003) confirmed that, NaCl seed priming increased proline concentration and salt tolerance in melon seedling, under saline condition compared to non-priming seed. Farhoudi et al. (2007) suggested that canola seed priming with NaCl improved salinity tolerance in canola seedling because seed priming decreased seedling cell membrane damage and increased seedling proline concentration. Recent studies suggest that proline may play as an enzyme stabilizing role (Bhattacharjee and Mukherjee 2002 Maggio et al., 2002) and reduce lipid peroxidation (Jain et al., 2001 Farhoudi et al., 2007) under salt stress. Our results showed that safflower shoot from Primed group had the highest proline concentration under the highest salinity level. Proteins that accumulate in plants under saline conditions may provide a storage form of nitrogen that is re-utilized later (Turan et al., 2007) and may play a role in osmotic adjustment. Proteins may be synthesized de novo in response to salt stress or may be present constitutively at low concentration and increase when plants are exposed to salt stress (Pareek et al., 1997). In the present study, both salt stress and NaCl seed priming caused an increase in shoot protein. However, this effect was more in plant derived from primed seed than plant derived from control seed. While working with wheat, Al-Hakimi and Hamada (2001) found that seed priming with ascorbic acid counteracted adverse effects of salt stress by increasing leaf soluble proteins, which protect the membrane and membrane bound enzymes (Jeng and Sung, 1994). Thus, increased in leaf protein due to seed priming was one of the reasons that contributed in improved growth of safflower under saline conditions. 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Open Access Article
370 - Evaluation of Biochemical Parameters in Sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus with Normal and Atretic Follicles
سبحان رعنای اخوان امیر پرویز سلاطی بهرام فلاحتکار سید امیرحسین جلالیIn order to improve the quality and efficiency of caviar crop from sturgeon as assessment of ovarian maturation stage is inevitable;also it should be avoided from capture of fish at stage of follicular atresia.In this study determination of atretic follicle in ovary was MoreIn order to improve the quality and efficiency of caviar crop from sturgeon as assessment of ovarian maturation stage is inevitable;also it should be avoided from capture of fish at stage of follicular atresia.In this study determination of atretic follicle in ovary was done by evaluation of blood steroid level and biochemical parameters. After catheterization, 10 fish that follicles in reabsorption stage were seen in their ovaries were selected for further analysis. Blood testosterone and estradiol values were significantly lower in A. ruthenusthat containing atretic follicle in their ovaries in compare to control. Blood biochemical parameters including, triglyceride, cholesterol and calcium were also lower in fish with atretic follicles in their ovary in compare to control. Our findings showed that biochemical and hormonal changes caused by follicular atresia could be used successfully to distinguish atretic follicles from normal follicles in A. ruthenusto replace biopsy as an invasive method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - The Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Milk Production Trait in Holstein Cows in Mahdasht of Sari Using Test Day Records
شهاب الدین قره ویسی روح الله عبدالله پور ذبیح اله کالاشیTo estimategenetic parameters for milk production traits, test day records of first lactation Holstein cows during the years 2001 to 2009 Mahdasht Sari was collected, was used. The data examined in this study included 9782 test day records of 1140 holstein cows in milk MoreTo estimategenetic parameters for milk production traits, test day records of first lactation Holstein cows during the years 2001 to 2009 Mahdasht Sari was collected, was used. The data examined in this study included 9782 test day records of 1140 holstein cows in milk and meat complex was Mahdasht Sari. Analysis of test day records was performed using the software DFREML. Fixed and random regression was according to the modelLegendrepolynomialsfrom days oflactation. The model fitted well with the 3 degree for genetic and environmental permanent factors. The minimum level of heritability (0.039) was related to,early lactation period and its value increased in late lactation and at about the ninth month of lactation to reach peak levels (0.280). Phenotypic variance of milk production traits during lactation are not the same and its value was higher in early and late lactation period. The maximum amount of genetic variance in the tenth month was 18.750 and the minimum in the early lactation period was 2.360.Residual variances for milk production trait were constant. The maximum amount of genetic and phenotypic correlations between adjacent days in milk was observed and correlated to the amount of this increase was reduced between days of lactation. Using test day records, increased accuracy of estimating genetic parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - The Study of Sperm Quality after Consumption of a Traditional Herbal Compound (ADOFON) by Infertile Men
مینا رمضانی محمدعلی خلیلی آرزو خرادمهرIn recent years, using of medical plants has been increased more research on effective herbal ingredients. As the male factor accounts for nearly 40% of infertility cases, thisstudyevaluated the effects of herbal drug ADOFON comprising of Tribulus terrestris, Amygdalus MoreIn recent years, using of medical plants has been increased more research on effective herbal ingredients. As the male factor accounts for nearly 40% of infertility cases, thisstudyevaluated the effects of herbal drug ADOFON comprising of Tribulus terrestris, Amygdalus communis nut, Allium ampeloprasum, Lepidium sativus, Orchis mascula, Phoenixdactylifera pollen and Ficus carica. 62 infertile men (age 23-40 years) were randomly selected for assessment of their sperm parameters. Their spermatozoa concentration were lower than 20 million/ml, progressive motility andlt; 50%, and normal morphology andlt; 30% according to WHO criteria. 32 people in the study group received the herbal powder and others in control group received placebo. Men in both groups were given 25 grams packs, three times a week for 3 months. After 3 months, sperm parameters were evaluated and compared with control. Pre and post treatment data in tow groups were analyzed by t-test. Data in the study group indicated an increase in percent of spermatozoacount (8.14%, pandlt;0.05) and Progressive motility (1.46%, pandlt;0.001), but there was no significant difference in sperm normal morphology. Results showed the count and sperm motility parameters improved in the study group compared with the control group. Therefore, it is possible that taking this herbal compound is effective in improving sperm parameters and fertility potential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - The Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Ferulago angulata on Liver Function Tests and Some Biochemical Parameters in Adult Male Wistar Rats
Yasna Bidmeshki Somayeh BohlouliMany modern medicines are obtained from medicinal plants, and the properties of many of these plants have been confirmed and proven with new investigations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different doses of hydroalcoholic extract of Ferulago a MoreMany modern medicines are obtained from medicinal plants, and the properties of many of these plants have been confirmed and proven with new investigations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different doses of hydroalcoholic extract of Ferulago angulata on biochemical and hematological parameters orally on male Wistar rats. 28 heads of male Wistar rats that were randomly studied experimentally. Mice were divided into a control group without extract and groups receiving Ferulago angulata extract with doses of 50, 150 and 300 mg/kg. The treatment groups were conducted for 16 weeks. After the end of the test, serum glucose level, lipid profile including triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, albumin, total protein and liver enzymes ALP, AST and ALT were measured. Different doses of Ferulago angulata extract changed the levels of some lipid factors and liver enzymes in the studied groups compared to the control group. Different doses of Ferulago angulata extract caused a significant decrease in the level of glucose, triglycerides and liver enzymes (AST and ALT), and the level of LDL. Also, the amount of albumin, HDL and total protein increased, and there was no change in the amount of cholesterol and ALP. The results of this study showed that Ferulago angulata plant has positive effects on some biochemical factors and liver function improvement despite its antioxidant compounds. Therefore, we can introduce Ferulago angulata plant as one of the most effective plants in the medicinal plant industry and treatment, control and prevention of many diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Effects of Different Levels of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Extract on Hepatic Enzymes Performance and Serum Parameters in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Ahmad Kolivand Seyed Mohammad Mousavi Mohammad zakeri Vahid Yavari Nasim ZangueeThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) extract on hepatic enzymes performance and serum biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this regard, 750 fish (initial weight: 10.4 ± 0.5 g) distributed in MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) extract on hepatic enzymes performance and serum biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this regard, 750 fish (initial weight: 10.4 ± 0.5 g) distributed in concrete pools and fed by 5 dietary treatments including 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 percent of alfalfa extract, respectively for 60 days. Serum parameters analysis showed that there was a significant difference between fish fed with alfalfa extract and control group. The highest and lowest levels of serum glucose were observed in treatment 4, and treatment 1 (control), respectively (p < 0.05). The highest level of total serum protein was observed in treatment 2, and the lowest was observed in treatment 5 (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between control, treatments 2, and treatment 4 in terms of total serum protein level (p > 0.05). The highest level of serum albumin was recorded in control. Based on the results, different levels of alfalfa extract led to a downward trend in serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels. The highest level of serum phosphorus was observed in treatment 4, and the lowest level was observed in the control (p < 0.05). Serum magnesium levels were also affected by alfalfa extract (p < 0.05). Based on the results, no significant differences were observed between experimental treatments in serum SGOT and SGPT levels during the 60-day experimental feeding period (p > 0.05). The highest level of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was in treatment 5 and the lowest level of serum ALP was observed in control (p < 0.05). The highest level of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was observed in control and the lowest in treatments 3 and 4 (p < 0.05). Based on the results, 2 percent of alfalfa extract in the diet had the best effects on serum biochemical parameters and hepatic enzymes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - The Effects of Replacement Vitamin E with Dietary Grape Pomace in Diets Containing Oil or Beef Tallow on Growth Performance, Blood Characteristics, Oxidative Status, and Gut Morphology of Broiler Chickens
Karim Ghorbani Mohammad Reza Ghorbani Ahmad Tatar Hassan AhmadvandTo investigate the effects of replacement vitamin E with dietary grape pomace in the diets containing oil or beef tallow on growth performance, blood chara­cteristics, oxidative status, and gut morphology of broiler chickens, the present study was carried out. Four MoreTo investigate the effects of replacement vitamin E with dietary grape pomace in the diets containing oil or beef tallow on growth performance, blood chara­cteristics, oxidative status, and gut morphology of broiler chickens, the present study was carried out. Four hundred and fifty-one-day-old broiler chickens were used in a completely randomized design with six treatments and five replicates. Experimental treatments were as follows; 1- control oil (CO, basal diet containing 3.5 percent soy oil) with 200 mg/kg vitamin E, 2-contraol tallow (CT, basal diet containing 3.5 percent tallow) with vitamin E, 3- CO with 9 percent grape pomace (GP), 4- CT with 9 % GP, 5- CO with 9 percent GP and vitamin E,6- CT with 9 % GP, and vitamin E. The results of this experiment showed that in the whole period, the birds fed diets containing soy oil, GP and vitamin E had the highest body weight gain and production index and the lowest feed conversion ratio compared to the others. The blood concentration of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoproteins were reduced when GB was used in diets. Blood superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase concentrations were increased, and malondialdehyde concentration was decreased when GP was used in broiler diets. In the duodenum part of the small intestine, villus height, crypt depth, villus height to crypt depth ratio, and muscularis thickness were increased when GP was used in broiler diets. To conclude, the result of this experiment suggests that although the GP has strong antioxidant properties, the simultaneous using vitamin E has a better effect on broiler growth performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - The Efect of Adding Prebiotic, Synbiotic and Phytobiotic Supplements in the Diet on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients and Some Blood Parameters of Fattening Zell Lambs
Mehdi Saravani Mohsen Hajipour Kaveh Jafari Khorshidi Seyed Makan Mousavi Kashani Parvin ShawrangIn this study, the effect of adding prebiotic, synbiotic and phytobiotic supplements in the diet on growth performance, carcass traits, apparent digestibility of nutrients and some blood parameters of fattening Zell lambs was investigated. For this purpose, 24 Zell male MoreIn this study, the effect of adding prebiotic, synbiotic and phytobiotic supplements in the diet on growth performance, carcass traits, apparent digestibility of nutrients and some blood parameters of fattening Zell lambs was investigated. For this purpose, 24 Zell male lambs with an avrage age of about 5 months and an avrage weight of 25.4±0.50 were used for 90 days. The experimental treatments included 1- control group (no supplement), 2- treatment containing 2 g of A-Max prebiotic supplement, 3- treatment containing 4 g of Biomin IMBO synbiotic supplement, and 4- treatment containing 6 g of Bioherbal phytobiotic supplement per head of lamb per day. The growth performance results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental treatments in the fattening weight, dry matter intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). The highest weight at the end of the fattening period, dry matter intake and daily weight gain were observed in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement. The treatment with 6 g of phytobiotic supplement had the lowest feed conversion ratio. The highest apparent digestibility of dry matter, NDF and ADF was observed in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement (p < 0.05). The results of some blood serum parameters showed that there was a significant difference in the concentration of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and blood urea nitrogen between the experimental treatments (p < 0.05). The highest concentration of glucose was in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement, the lowest concentration of cholesterol was in the treatment of 6 g of phytobiotic supplement. Blood urea nitrogen had the lowest concentration in the treatment of 4 g of synbiotic supplement. The treatment with 4 g of synbiotic supplement had the highest hot carcass weight, hot carcass percentage, cold carcass weight, cold carcass percentage, thigh percentage and shoulder percentage (p < 0.05). The present research showed that the addition of 4 g of synbiotic supplement in the diet improved the growth performance, valuable parts of the carcass and the apparent digestibility of nutrients in fattening lambs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Evaluation of the Protective Effect of Chrysin on Sperm Parameters on the Process of Spermatogenesis in Rats Receiving Diazinon Toxin
Fatemeh Mojibi Gholam Ali Jorsaraei Esmail Fattahi Sohrab Kazemi Maryam Gholami tabar tabariCompounds such as chrysin inhibit the effects of toxic substances such as diazinon on visceral organs and the present study was performed to evaluate the protective effect of chrysin on spermatogenesis by interfering with diazinon toxin. In this experimental study, 42 m MoreCompounds such as chrysin inhibit the effects of toxic substances such as diazinon on visceral organs and the present study was performed to evaluate the protective effect of chrysin on spermatogenesis by interfering with diazinon toxin. In this experimental study, 42 male Wistar rats weighing approximately 250-180 g were selected and randomly divided into 7 groups including control, sham, diazinon with a concentration of 20 mg/kg BW, chrysin with a concentration of 10, Chrysin with a concentration of 20 mg/kg, chrysin with a concentration of 10 mg/kg and diazinon with a concentration of 20 mg/kg and chrysin with a concentration of 20 mg/kg and diazinon with a concentration of 20 mg/kg were divided. At the end of the treatment period, with the process of tissue preparation, with Motic software, the number of cell lines per unit area was determined and compared with each other in different groups. There was a significant difference between the mean number of sperm count and sperm motility in the Sham and Control groups with Diazinon and DC10 groups (p < 0.001), and DC20 groups (p < 0.01). Also, there was a significant difference in sperm mortality in Shm and Cnt groups with Diazinon, DC10 and DC20 test groups (p < 0.001). The results showed that there was a significant difference in the mean number of sperm count, sperm motility, sperm mortality, sperm morphology, number of Leydig cells, number of germ cells, number of primary and secondary spermatocytes, and number of spermatids in Sham and Control groups compared to some test groups. Thus, CHR as a potent antioxidant can compensate for the toxicity of Diazinon toxin. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - The Effect of Ibuprofen on Sperm Parameters, Oxidative Stress and Histology of Mice Testis
Safoura Shafigh Jazi Niloofar Sadeghi Dina Zohrabi Marzieh Tavalaee Mohammad Hossein Nasr-EsfahaniRecently, the application of drugs administered for reasons other than male infertility may have profound effect on fertility potential. Ibuprofen, as one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can possibly have a negative effect on the spermatogenesis process whi MoreRecently, the application of drugs administered for reasons other than male infertility may have profound effect on fertility potential. Ibuprofen, as one of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can possibly have a negative effect on the spermatogenesis process which could be dose-dependent. This side effect is likely acquired through oxidative stress. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the effect of different doses of Ibuprofen on spermatogenesis, sperm parameters, and oxidative stress. In this study, 15 male NMRI mice were daily gavaged by different doses of Ibuprofen (0, 5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) for one month. Then, morphometric parameters of testis, sperm concentration, motility and oxidative stress were assessed. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software and ANOVA test. Different doses of Ibuprofen had no effect on Johnson score and sperm concentration as compared to the control group. However, sperm motility was insignificantly reduced only at a dose of 100 mg / kg. In addition, the level of oxidative stress in all doses of Ibuprofen increased compared to the control group and, this increase was only significant at the dose of 100 mg/kg (P=0.03). Based on the results of this study, continuous administration of Ibuprofen for one month has no significant effect on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters but significantly increase ROS production, the effect of which on sperm chromatin integrity, for longer period remain a concern, which needs more studies in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - The Effect of Textured Starter Feed with Low and High Determination of Protein to Energy Ratio on Digestibility, Rumen and Blood Parameters of Holstein Calves
Ali Esmaili Amirdavor Faruzandeh Hossein Omidi-Mirzaei Mohammad Karimi Behzad Akhlaghi Kian SadeghiThe current study was conducted to evaluate the interaction between different levels of protein and feed structure on performance in calves. Accordingly, a total number of 48 Holstein calves (A mixture of both sexes) were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments with 1 MoreThe current study was conducted to evaluate the interaction between different levels of protein and feed structure on performance in calves. Accordingly, a total number of 48 Holstein calves (A mixture of both sexes) were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments with 12 replicate pens, based on a factorial design. Dietary treatments consisted of 1) ground starter with % 18 CP, 2) ground starter with % 22 CP, 3) texture starter with % 18 CP and 4) texture starter with % 22 CP. In this study, digestibility of nutrients, rumen and blood parameters of suckling calves were measured. The interaction between the main effects for the amount of beta-hydroxybutyrate in the blood on the 70th day of the experiment was significant (p < 0.05). In this way, flour feed with 18% protein had the lowest amount of beta-hydroxybutyrate. The interaction between the main effects for other blood parameters was not significant (p < 0.05). The interaction between the main effects for ruminal parameters and digestibility was not affected by the form and protein level of the initial feed (p < 0.05). In general, there was no significant difference between the textured feed and coarse grinding, and the protein level of 18 and 22% was not observed in the tested groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - The Effect of Zolang (Eryngium caucasicum) and Vitamin C on Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Parameters and Immune System in Broiler Chickens
Hossein Reaz Shahbazi Heidar Alvan Nafel AlfatlaviThe present experiment was performed on the effect of Eryngium caucasicum and vitamin C on performance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters and immune system in broilers. The experiment was performed with 4 treatments, 5 replications and 15 one-day-old Ross 308 ch MoreThe present experiment was performed on the effect of Eryngium caucasicum and vitamin C on performance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters and immune system in broilers. The experiment was performed with 4 treatments, 5 replications and 15 one-day-old Ross 308 chickens in each replication in a completely randomized design. Treatments include 1) control (diet without additives), 2) control + 2% Zolang plant, 3) control + 0.2% vitamin C, 4) control + 2% Zolang plant + 0.2% of vitamin C. The results showed that feed intake, weight gain and broiler conversion ratio in the final periods as well as the whole period in treatments that used a mixture of Zolang plant and vitamin C, had a significant increase with the control (p <0.05). The percentage of carcasses in the treatments that used a mixture of Zolang and vitamin C was significantly increased with the control (p <0.05). All experimental diets significantly reduced the total blood protein of broilers compared to the control (p <0.05). The mixed diet of Zolang plant and vitamin C caused a significant increase in HDL compared to the control (p <0.05). The results showed that the effect of experimental treatments was significant only on alkaline phosphatase (p <0.05). Also, bursa fabricius weight in treatments that used a mixture of Zolang plant and vitamin C had a significant increase with the control (p <0.05). In general, the results showed that the use of a mixture of Zolang and vitamin C in the diet of broiler chickens can improve performance and strengthen the immune system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
381 - Effect of Water Soluble Polysaccharide Extract of the Algae, Padina australis Hauck, on the Activity of Digestive Enzymes and Biochemical Parameters of White-leg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei
P. Akbary Z. AminikhoeiIn the present study, the water soluble polysaccharide extract of Padina australis (PPE) was added in concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg to the diet of white leg shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) with average weight of 1±0.1 g to assess its ability to improve MoreIn the present study, the water soluble polysaccharide extract of Padina australis (PPE) was added in concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg to the diet of white leg shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) with average weight of 1±0.1 g to assess its ability to improve the activity of digestive enzymes and the biochemical parameters. Following feeding on these diets for 60 days, the highest activity of lipase and protease was shown in treatment containing 1.5 g PPE/kg diet (p < 0.05). The levels of albumin and total protein were higher in treatments containing various levels of PPE compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). The lowest levels of GLU, TRI, CHO, ASP.ALT and ALP were observed in the treatment containing 1.5 g PPE/kg diet indicating significant difference with other treatments (p < 0.05). The results demonstrated that inclusion of 1.5 g/kg diet of PPE in commercial feeds might enhance the digestion function, liver health and nonspecific immunity system of L. vannamei. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - Effect of Multiple Dietary Supplements on the Sperm Parameters Quality
F. Bassri M.H. Nasr-Esfahani M. Forouzanfar M. TavallaeeExcessive production of oxidative stress is considered as a risk factor for reproduction. Several studies show that high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can affect spermatogenesis process and fertility potential in men. For treatment of these individuals, antioxi MoreExcessive production of oxidative stress is considered as a risk factor for reproduction. Several studies show that high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can affect spermatogenesis process and fertility potential in men. For treatment of these individuals, antioxidant therapy is suggested. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multiple micronutrient supplement that contains vitamins B, Zinc and N-acetylcysteine on sperm parameters in infertile men. This study was performed on 30 infertile men referred to the Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center. Semen parameters (concentration, motility, and morphology) were assessed before and after three month of treatment with supplement (2 tablets per day; 600mg). The result of this study showed a significant improvement in sperm motility and morphology (p<0.05) after compared to before treatment. In addition, sperm concentration insignificantly increased after treatment with supplement (p>0.05). Considering multiple micronutrient supplement is containing all of the B vitamins and essential component of One-Carbone cycle, therefore improvement of sperm parameters can be observed due to improved antioxidant capacity and reduced oxidative stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - Influence of Environmental and Internal Factors on Hematological Parameters of Alburnus chalcoides
V. Bahrpeyma M. Setorki A. Moshfegh M.R. RahimbasharBlood parameters regarded as valuable tools for monitoring fish health and growth is influenced by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In this study that aimed to evaluate the effect environmental and intrinsic factors on hematological parameters of Alburnus chalcoide MoreBlood parameters regarded as valuable tools for monitoring fish health and growth is influenced by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In this study that aimed to evaluate the effect environmental and intrinsic factors on hematological parameters of Alburnus chalcoides,84 fish samples (average body weight 45.69±27.10 gr and average body length 16.50±3.98 cm) were collected from three sampling stations (sea, river, and estuary) in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea in Gilan Province during 12 months. Biometry and determination of sex, blood samples were collected from the caudal peduncle and used for hematological studies. Red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT) values were significantly in males higher than in females (P<0.05). These hematological parameters were significantly higher in the river than in the sea and estuary and in the summer than other seasons (P<0.05). In Pearson correlation test, blood factors had significant negative correlation with water salinity and total length as well as weight of fish. They also had significant positive correlation with water temperature (P<0.01). Regression analysis showed a significant relationship between blood factors and water temperature (P<0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - Effect of Zaditen and N-acetyl-L-cysteine on Sperm Parameters and Protamine Content in Infertile Men after Varicocelectomy
R. Aghaee-Boroojeni L. Azadi M. Bahadorani M. Tavalaee M.H. Nasr-EsfahaniVaricocele, dilation in pampiniform vein, is known as one of the most common causes of infertility. Decrease in semen quality and increase of mast cells as cells involved in inflammatory and oxidative stress processes can be among main causes of defects in spermatogenes MoreVaricocele, dilation in pampiniform vein, is known as one of the most common causes of infertility. Decrease in semen quality and increase of mast cells as cells involved in inflammatory and oxidative stress processes can be among main causes of defects in spermatogenesis process in related patients. Varicocelectomy, the surgical correction of varicocele, can be with or without drug treatment. Drug application after surgery may be useful for improvement of semen quality. Therefore we aimed to compare the effects of NAC (N-Acetyl cysteine) as an antioxidant and zaditen drug as mast cell blocker on sperm parameters and protamine content after varicocelectomy in individuals with varicocele. In this retrospective study, infertile men who were candidate for varicocelectomy were divided into three groups: control, treatment with a dose of 1 mg per day of zaditen and treatment with a dose of 200 mg of NAC, for 3 months. Sperm parameters and protamine content according to WHO protocols and chromomycin A3-staining respectively were assessed before surgery and 3 months after surgery. Semen parameters (concentration, motility, and morphology) and protamine content were significantly improved after surgery compared to before surgery in both groups that treated whit NAC or Zaditen (P<0.05). Means of sperm parameters were insignificantly higher while percentage of protamine deficiency was insignificantly lower in zaditen group compared to NAC group. Only, percentage of abnormal sperm morphology was significantly lower in zaditen group compared to NAC group. Therefore, both of these drugs are effective in improving sperm parameters and protamin content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - The Effect of Season and Age on Sperm Parameters in Infertile Men
Sh. Bakhshesh M. Tavalaee M.H. Nasr-EsfahaniApproximately 15% of couples are infertile. Male factor infertility is reported in half of infertile couples. Several factors including age, and season are effective on the quality of sperm parameters, which can have different results in different geographic locati MoreApproximately 15% of couples are infertile. Male factor infertility is reported in half of infertile couples. Several factors including age, and season are effective on the quality of sperm parameters, which can have different results in different geographic locations. In this study, the effect of these two factors on sperm parameters in infertile men was investigated. Overall, 659 semen samples from infertile men referred to the Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center, Isfahan, central Iran were collected. Semen analysis included assessment of volume, concentration, motility and morphology carried out according to WHO (2010). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Quality of sperm parameters, especially sperm motility and count were affected by the age and seasonal changes. Negative significant correlations between male age with sperm count and motility were observed (P<0.05). As the age increases, the mean of sperm count and motility in infertile men are reduced, and the reduction in these two parameters are more pronounced in the first half of the year than in the second half of the year. However, age and seasonal variations do not affect sperm morphology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - Effect of Methanol Extract of Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris) on Growth Performance, Body Chemical Compositions and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Grey Mullet (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758)
P. Akbary Z. VidadiIn this study, the effect of methanol extract of Tribulus terrestris (MET) in different treatments containing control group (without using plant extract), 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g MET/kg diet on growth performance, body chemical composition and activity of oxidant enzymes of gr MoreIn this study, the effect of methanol extract of Tribulus terrestris (MET) in different treatments containing control group (without using plant extract), 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g MET/kg diet on growth performance, body chemical composition and activity of oxidant enzymes of grey mullet Mugil cephalus were investigated in triplicate for 60 days. Twenty water tanks and 20 fish with initial average weight of 8.42 ± 0.43 g were stored per 60 liters. At the end of the experiment, the results showed that there was no significant difference in growth parameters (FW, BWG, PER, SGR and CF), between all treatments and control group (p > 0.05). Increased survival rates were observed in treatments 3 and 4 compared to the control treatment. The crude protein and moisture of treatment 4 significantly increased compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). The crude fat significantly decreased in treatments 3 and 4 compared to control and treatment 2 (p < 0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) enzymes have been increased more significantly in treatment 4 compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the malondialdehyde (MDA) value was lower in all treatments compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). MDA value has been the lowest in treatments 3 and 4 compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). Hence, based on the results, in order to reduce lipid oxidation and improve the carcass duality and survival status of fish, it is recommended to use 15 g methanol extract of Tribulus terrestris/kg diet of grey mullet fish. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - Studying the Frequency of Rhythms, Meters, Rhymes, Structure and Row in Sabahi Bidgoli's Diwan ( book of poetry )
Mohammad Reza Hesaraki Mahin Khatib NiaAbstract Today, the compiling of the historical evolution of rhythms, meters of Persian poetry since its beginning with the assignment of the frequency and illustration of its ups and downs seems something as necessary and use MoreAbstract Today, the compiling of the historical evolution of rhythms, meters of Persian poetry since its beginning with the assignment of the frequency and illustration of its ups and downs seems something as necessary and useful. This research in fact is the answer to this essential need regarding to Sabahi Bidgoli's diwan and its basic and undeniable role in the literary development which has brought about attractive method in rhymes and meters in Persian poetry has endowed specific refreshment to his own poetry which deserves to be investigated in this article. It is evident that precise scrutiny of the poems of this poet from quality point of view and frequency of the rhythm , meters, rhyming and the row in the circular patterns help us assign the capability and skillfulness of the poet who is called the grandeur of the ancient poets. In this essay, we've introduced the prolific rhythms and effective frequency and circular diagram. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - ارائه یک مدل ترمودینامیکی برای شبیهسازی موتور اشتعال جرقهای با سوخت مخلوط گاز طبیعی و اتانول
حسن زمانیسوخت گاز طبیعی به عنوان یک سوخت جایگزین از خواص احتراقی مناسب و آلودگی کمتری برخوردار است و میتواند انتخاب مناسبی برای نسل آینده باشد. مدلهای شبیهسازی از نظر کاهش در زمان و هزینهها برای طراحی و توسعه موتورهای جدید و همچنین ارزش فنی در شناخت نقاطی که نیاز به توجه خاص Moreسوخت گاز طبیعی به عنوان یک سوخت جایگزین از خواص احتراقی مناسب و آلودگی کمتری برخوردار است و میتواند انتخاب مناسبی برای نسل آینده باشد. مدلهای شبیهسازی از نظر کاهش در زمان و هزینهها برای طراحی و توسعه موتورهای جدید و همچنین ارزش فنی در شناخت نقاطی که نیاز به توجه خاص در طراحیها دارد، دارای اهمیت بسزایی هستند. در این پژوهش به ارائه مدلی ترمودینامیکی برای بررسی پارامترهای ترمودینامیکی یک موتور اشتعال جرقهای با سوخت ترکیبی مخلوط متان (C2H6O) و اتانول (CH4) پرداخته میشود. پارامترهای ترمودینامیکی شامل فشار و دمای درون سیلندر موتور، کار خورجی، انتقال حرارت به دیواره سیلندر و حرارت اتلافی بواسطه نشتی هستند. برای شبیهسازی موتور، از روابط حاکم برای مدلسازی دو ناحیهای احتراق استفاده شده است. این روابط در نرم افزار متلب به کد تبدیل شده و در نهایت با ترسیم نمودارها، مورد تحلیل قرار میگیرند. نتایج بیانگر این موضوع است که اضافه شدن درصدهای بالاتر اتانول به سوخت متان، افزایش مقادیر فشار درون سیلندر، کار خروجی و انتقال حرارت (در مرحله قدرت) را به همراه دارد. این در حالی است که متان خالص از کمترین انرژی اتلافی بواسطه نشتی و بیشترین دما در ناحیه نسوخته برخوردار است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - بررسی تأثیر استراتژیهای فرزکاری در ماشینکاری سطوح محدب از جنس کامپوزیت شیشه/اپوکسی
هادی محمدی هادی اسکندری ایمان دانایی در این تحقیق تأثیر پارامترهای مختلف ماشینکاری مانند سرعت برشی، پیشروی، قطر ابزار و عمق ماشینکاری بر استراتژیهای مختلف فرزکاری مانند آفست سه بعدی، مارپیچ، خطوط موازی و شعاعی برای ایجاد سطوح محدب قطعاتی از جنس کامپوزیت شیشه/اپوکسی مورد بررسی و اثر پذیری پارامترهای More در این تحقیق تأثیر پارامترهای مختلف ماشینکاری مانند سرعت برشی، پیشروی، قطر ابزار و عمق ماشینکاری بر استراتژیهای مختلف فرزکاری مانند آفست سه بعدی، مارپیچ، خطوط موازی و شعاعی برای ایجاد سطوح محدب قطعاتی از جنس کامپوزیت شیشه/اپوکسی مورد بررسی و اثر پذیری پارامترهای خروجی مانند صافی سطح و نرخ براده برداری نیز مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. نتایج به خوبی نشان می دهند که خروجی استراتژی رادیال دارای کمترین مقدار زبری و بالاترین کیفیت سطح میباشد و درمقابل استراتژی خطوط موازی با بیشترین مقدار زبری و نازل ترین کیفیت سطح همراه می باشد. بیشترین نرخ براده برداری و کوتاهترین زمان ماشینکاری مربوط به استراتژی آفست سه بعدی میباشد. در این تحقیق بهینهترین پارامترهای ماشینکاری جهت دستیابی به بالاترین صافی سطح همراه با بیشترین نرخ براده برداری نیز مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. نتایج این کار تحقیقاتی می تواند در واحدهای پژوهش و توسعه بسیاری از صنایع بزرگ مورد استفاده و عملیاتی گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - بررسی تجربی اثر عیب سایش گرم پیستون بر روی پارامترهای عملکردی موتور
سید اشکان موسویان غلامحسن نجفی برات قبادیان سید مصطفی آقا میرسلیم سید محمد جعفری مجتبی محرابی وقارعیب سایش گرم پیستون یکی از عیوب مخرب در انواع موتورهای درونسوز است. عوامل مختلفی در ایجاد این عیب دخیل هستند که از مهمترین آن­ها می­توان به کمبود لایة روانکار میان پیستون و سیلندر اشاره کرد. هدف از این مقاله بررسی کمی اثرات عیب سایش گرم پیستون بر روی پارامترهای Moreعیب سایش گرم پیستون یکی از عیوب مخرب در انواع موتورهای درونسوز است. عوامل مختلفی در ایجاد این عیب دخیل هستند که از مهمترین آن­ها می­توان به کمبود لایة روانکار میان پیستون و سیلندر اشاره کرد. هدف از این مقاله بررسی کمی اثرات عیب سایش گرم پیستون بر روی پارامترهای عملکردی موتور است که به نوبة خود تحقیق جدیدی در حوزة موتورهای درونسوز می­باشد. بدین منظور طی یک آزمون سایش گرم، پارامترهایی مانند نرخ گازهای نشتی محفظة لنگ، سرعت دورانی، گشتاور، قدرت موتور و فشار محفظة لنگ اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد این عیب موجب کاهش سرعت دورانی، گشتاور و قدرت موتور به میزان بیش از 100 دور بر دقیقه، 25 نیوتن­متر و 16 کیلووات شد. علاوه بر اثراتی که عیب سایش گرم بر روی پارامترهای مذکور داشت، با وقوع این عیب، افزایش شدید و ناگهانی در پارامترهای نرخ گازهای نشتی محفظة لنگ و فشار محفظة لنگ رخ داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - بررسی اثرات ماشینکاری EDM برریزساختار سطح درفولاد CK45
سینا عابدپور اسماعیل جعفری احمد افسری سعید حدیدی مودماشینکاری به روش تخلیه الکتریکی(EDM) برای براده برداری فلزات و مواد رسانای الکتریکی با سختی بالا و همچنین برای ماشینکاری قطعاتی با فرم های پیچیده کاربرد دارد. این ویژگیها سبب شده تا این روش ماشینکاری برای ساخت قالبهای کوبشی، به روشی مقرون به صرفه و کاربردی تبدیل Moreماشینکاری به روش تخلیه الکتریکی(EDM) برای براده برداری فلزات و مواد رسانای الکتریکی با سختی بالا و همچنین برای ماشینکاری قطعاتی با فرم های پیچیده کاربرد دارد. این ویژگیها سبب شده تا این روش ماشینکاری برای ساخت قالبهای کوبشی، به روشی مقرون به صرفه و کاربردی تبدیل شود. به دلیل ماهیت این فرایند در سطح موضع ماشینکاری تنشهای حرارتی و میکروترکها در سطح موضع ماشینکاری ایجاد میشوند. فولاد(CK45) در ساخت قالبهای کوبشی کاربرد دارد و طیف وسیعی از قالب ها از این فولاد ساخته میشوند. در این مقاله تأثیر پارامترهای ماشینکاری تخلیه الکتریکی بر روی سطح ماشینکاری شده فولاد CK45 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. به این منظور فرآیند EDM با پارامترهای مختلف، روی مجموعهای از نمونهها، انجام شده و سطح آنها توسط میکروسکوپ نوری بررسی و رابطه پارامترهای ماشینکاری با صافی سطح (Ra) و تراکم میکروترکهای سطحی به روش برازش، ارزیابی کمی شده است. هدف از این پژوهش آن است که با استفاده از نتایج حاصل بتوانیم در هنگام ماشینکاری قالب، صافی سطح و میزان میکروترکها را با توجه به پارامتر های ماشینکاری پیش بینی کنیم. در نتیجه امکان انتخاب مناسب پارامترهای ماشینکاری به منظور دستیابی به کیفیت مطلوب فراهم میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - تحلیل حساسیت پاسخ فرکانسی میکروسکوپ نیروی اتمی در محیط مایع نسبت به پارامترهای هندسی تیرک
مهرنوش دمیرچلیدر این مقاله دینامیک غیر خطی میکروسکوپ نیروی اتمی مستطیلی با مدل تیر تیموشنکو با در نظر گرفتن اثر پارامترهای هندسی مانند طول، عرض، ضخامت تیرک، ارتفاع نوک تیرک و زاویه قرارگیری تیرک نسبت به نمونه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نتایج مبین آن هستند که فرکانس تشدید، دامنه ارتعا Moreدر این مقاله دینامیک غیر خطی میکروسکوپ نیروی اتمی مستطیلی با مدل تیر تیموشنکو با در نظر گرفتن اثر پارامترهای هندسی مانند طول، عرض، ضخامت تیرک، ارتفاع نوک تیرک و زاویه قرارگیری تیرک نسبت به نمونه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نتایج مبین آن هستند که فرکانس تشدید، دامنه ارتعاش و فاز پاسخ بسیار حساس به تغییرات پارامترهای هندسی هستند. سپس به منظور بهبود رفتار سیستم و بهینه سازی آن تحلیل حساسیت پارامترهای هندسی سیستم بر روی فرکانس تشدید و دامنه ارتعاش تغییر مکان عمودی مربوط به مود اول به روش سوبول انجام شده است. از آنجا که وضوح تصاویر گرفته شده از نمونه ها و تقریب خواص رابطه مستقیمی با حساسیت فرکانسی میکروسکوپ نیروی اتمی دارند، نتایج این مقاله می­توانند راهنمای خوبی جهت انتخاب بهترین تیرک به منظور رسیدن به بهترین وضوح تصویر برای نمونه های نرم بیولوژیکی در محیط مایع باشند. همچنین یکی از روشهای بالا بردن سرعت عکسبرداری در محیط مایع استفاده از تیرکهای کوتاه است و برای مدل سازی تیرکهای کوتاه، مدل تیر تیموشنکو از مدلهای دیگر مانند تیر اویلر برنولی بسیار دقیق­تر به نظر می­رسد زیرا در مدل تیر تیموشنکو اثر تغییر شکل برشی و اینرسی چرخشی در نظر گرفته می­شود و در این مقاله از این مدل برای رسیدن به نتایجی دقیق تر استفاده شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - Qualitative Zoning of Groundwater to Assessment Suitable Drinking Water Using GIS Software in Mohammad Shahr, Meshkinshahr, and Mahdasht in Alborz Province
atousa abbasi Lobat Taghavi Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi -
Open Access Article
394 - Statistical Analysis of Dez River Water Quality, Southwest of Iran
Naser Ebadati -
Open Access Article
395 - Genetic variation study for agro-morphological traits in safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
Ali Saremi-Rad Mohammad hadi Taleb Saeid Omrani Khodadad MostafaviGenotype safflower is scattered throughout the world from India and China to Africa and Europe. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between plant yield, yield components and morphological traits, as well as accurate recognition of traits affecting th MoreGenotype safflower is scattered throughout the world from India and China to Africa and Europe. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between plant yield, yield components and morphological traits, as well as accurate recognition of traits affecting the yield on 32 safflower genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. Among the studied genotypes, there was a significant difference in all studied traits such as plant yield, 1000-seed weight, number of branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, flowering time, flowering time, plant height and flowering time until there was an examination that indicated a high diversity in the germplasm studied. Among the yield components, the most heritability was attributed to 1000 seed weight and number of branches, and the lowest heritability was attributed to plant yield, which indicates that indirect modification of yield would be more beneficial. Plant height and number of branches can be used as an index of selection in breeding programs. Cluster analysis based on morphological traits categorized genotypes into five clusters. Based on the results of this study, it can be stated that by improving the traits of boll weights and number of bolls per plant, it is possible to achieve the desired grain yield in safflower genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - Genetic evaluation of physiological Traits related to drought tolerance in some bread wheat genotypes under rain-fed conditions
zahra morovati Ezatollah Farshadsfar Mohammad Hosein RomenaAbstract: In order to investigate phenotypic and genotypic correlations between physiological characteristics related to drought tolerance and genetic variation and estimating the genetic parameters of these indices in rain-fed condition, 19 genotypes of bread wheat wer MoreAbstract: In order to investigate phenotypic and genotypic correlations between physiological characteristics related to drought tolerance and genetic variation and estimating the genetic parameters of these indices in rain-fed condition, 19 genotypes of bread wheat were cultivated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research field of Agricultural Research Campus Natural Resources of Razi University of Kermanshah, Iran during 2014-15. analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences for the grain yield (YS), the cell membrane stability )CMS), the relative water loss )RWL(, the leaf water loss (LWL), the relative water protective (RWP), the water use efficiency )WUE( and the leaf greenish value )LGV( under rain-fed condition. The polygon view of GT biplot showed that genotype no. 12 (wc-4931) was the best genotype compared to other genotypes due to YS, WUE, ELWR and LGV. A high positive genetic and phenotypic relation was observed between WUE and Ys, FV/FM and LWL and, ELWR and LGV. In other hand, High heritability and genetic gain were observed for YS, CMS and WUE that reflect the additive gene action. Accordingly, due to the high propotion of additive effects in CMS, YS and WUE, it was suggested that the evaluation of genotypes must be done at erarly generarion of inbreeding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - Comparison on natural range of some hematological parameters of cultured Acipenser baerii at different ages
Marzieh Hatami Mehrdad Nari Tajen Determination of blood parameters, blood tissue and Hematological analysis in fish can be good indicators for the detection and determination of health and or the infectious diseases. The purpose of this research, Determination of hematological para More Determination of blood parameters, blood tissue and Hematological analysis in fish can be good indicators for the detection and determination of health and or the infectious diseases. The purpose of this research, Determination of hematological parameters of cultured Acipenser baerii. In three different ages of groups, with the weighted average, Fry fish (21.5±3.9), Juvenile fishes (198±19.7) and Spawners (female, 668.6±73.9 and male 533.8±160.8) in a period of six months. For this reason, 30 numbers ofcultured Acipenser baeriiwere used (10 fry fishes, 10 Juveniles fishes, 5 female spawners fish and 5 male spawners fish). The results indicated that compared hematological parameters average, all parameters except for RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC significant differences were observed during different ages (p<0/05). But in terms of Sex statistically significant difference was not seen (p>0/05). By investigating the present results, it can be stated that age, and sex is the most effective in the change of blood parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - Assessment of water quality of fish pond in the north of Iran (Case study: Rasht city)
Soheila Rezaeitabar Abbas Esmaeil Sari Nader Bahramifar Zohreh RamzanpourIn this study, in order to assess qualitatively the status fish ponds, three fish ponds in northern Iran were investigated. Water and fish samples were collected in the mid-June, August and October, 2014. Some parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical co MoreIn this study, in order to assess qualitatively the status fish ponds, three fish ponds in northern Iran were investigated. Water and fish samples were collected in the mid-June, August and October, 2014. Some parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, transparency (SD), nitrate and phosphate) were measured on the sites while the others (Chlorophyll-a, Fe, Zn, total weight, total length, K and phytoplankton identification) were estimated at the laboratory using standard methods and procedures. The principal component analysis (PCA) and One-Way ANOVA were conducted to statistical analysis. The result showed that, during the study period, in the three fish ponds, the phytoplankton population was dominated by Bacillariophyceae (25%) followed by Chlorophyceae (23%) and Cyanophyceae (22%). Among Cyanophyceae, Chroococcus (35%) and Merismopedia (25%) were dominant. The results obtained from PCA indicated, the first three axes explain more than of 80 % of the total variance. The first axes (PC1) include EC, Chl-a, pH and SD. Also, significant differences were observed in temperature, DO, No3, Chl-a concentration, total weight and total length over the period of three months (p < 0.05). The observations in this study suggest that based on the determined desirable limits for water quality in fish ponds, and based on obtained results from the fish biometry and K, generally, studied ponds are suitable for fish farming and can supply optimum and healthy production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - Assessment of hematological parameters and some biochemical parameters in dogs infected with parvovirus
Boshra sadat Bani hashemi abbas kalantariParvovirus in dogs causes a fatal disease with the effects of destruction of hematopoietic precursor cells and involvement of various organs and parts such as intestinal epithelial cells, thymus and lymph nodes. To conduct this research sampling was done of 25 dogs with MoreParvovirus in dogs causes a fatal disease with the effects of destruction of hematopoietic precursor cells and involvement of various organs and parts such as intestinal epithelial cells, thymus and lymph nodes. To conduct this research sampling was done of 25 dogs with symptoms of gastroenteritis wich were positive with rapid test for canine parvovirus detection. After taking blood samples, the hematological and biochemical factors of serum were analyzed using statistical methods (Shapiro-Wilk and t-test) in comparison with reference values. The obtained results showed that the number of red and white blood cells, the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes, the concentration of hemoglobin and the percentage of hematocrit in dogs infected with parvovirus were significantly lower than the reference values (P<0.001). Also, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine of infected dogs were significantly higher than the reference values (P<0.001).the results of this study indicated the destructive effect of parvovirus on the desired indicators, and knowing the status of the blood panel can be of great help for the correct treatment of the disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - Effect of different levels of zinc hydroxide and zinc- glycine on blood and immunity parameters and enzyme activity in 308 Ross strain broilers
shahram nessabian abolfazl zarei Mohammad Chamani Aliasghar Sadeghi Alireza SeidaviTo evaluate the effect of different levels of zinc glycine and zinc hydroxide on blood and immunity parameters, and enzyme activity in broilers in a compeletely randomize design with 9 treatments and 4 replications and 15 chickens in each experimental unit by 3 × MoreTo evaluate the effect of different levels of zinc glycine and zinc hydroxide on blood and immunity parameters, and enzyme activity in broilers in a compeletely randomize design with 9 treatments and 4 replications and 15 chickens in each experimental unit by 3 × 3 factorial method was performed on 540 one- day- old broiler chickens on top of 308. Experimental diets included different levels of 0, 50 and 100 mg/kg from each of the two sources of zinc hydroxide and zinc glycine. Experimental results showed that the effect of different levels of zinc hydroxide on performance, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, SRBC antibody titer (immunoglobulin M first and G second), Newcastle antibody titer and influenza were significant in both turns, white blood cells number, percentage of heterophiles and lymphocytes, immune organs,, Enzymes alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were significant (P<0.05). The effect of different levels of zinc glycine on glucose, liver enzymes, immunoglobuline G second time, thymus,(P<0.05).The overall results showed that feeding broilers with the diet including 100 mg/kg of zinc hydroxide had the appropriate effect on broilers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - The effect of mixture of Thyme and Garlic powder on quality of laying hen production and some blood metabolites
Mohammad Heydari Nima Eila Majid AfsharThis study was conducted to evaluate the quantity of egg, and some blood parameters on 128 laying hens at 46 weeks of age in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications in 12 weeks and each experimental unit contains 8 laying hens. Treatmen MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the quantity of egg, and some blood parameters on 128 laying hens at 46 weeks of age in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications in 12 weeks and each experimental unit contains 8 laying hens. Treatments include (1) Control diet without thyme and garlic, (2) Diet contain of thyme 0.5 percent with garlic 1 percent, (3) Diet contain of thyme 1% with garlic 1%, (4) Diet contain of thyme 1.5 percent with garlic 1 percent, in diets based on corn and soybean meal. Evaluated parameters include qualitative traits (egg weight, dense albumen height, shell percentage, and yolk height) and some blood parameters. Results of qualitative treatments showed that there experimental treatments showed significantly better albumen and yolk height than control group (P>0.05).Regarding the blood parameters of the treatments including 1 percent thyme for SOD, HDL there were significantly differences between treatments (P>0.01). There was a significant decrease in MDA between experimental treatments and it showed the lowest amount in the treatments including 1 percent of thyme (P>0.01). Results for egg quality showed there were significantly more albumen and yolk's height of experimental groups versus control group (P > 0.05) Treatment containing the highest rate of thyme (1.5 percent) per 1 percent garlic had the lowest HDL and had significant superiority compared to other treatments (P>0.05) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - The effect of mixture of Thyme and Garlic powder on laying hen performance and some blood parameters
Mohammad Heydari Nima Eila Majid AfsharThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Thyme and Garlic powder on the quantity and quality of production, and some blood parameters on 128 hens of Hyline breed, Strains of W36 at 46 weeks of age. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design with MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Thyme and Garlic powder on the quantity and quality of production, and some blood parameters on 128 hens of Hyline breed, Strains of W36 at 46 weeks of age. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and four replications in 12 weeks and each experimental unit contains 8 laying hens in two cages. Treatments include (1) Blank diet without thyme and garlic, (2) Diet contain of thyme 0.5% with garlic 1%, (3) Diet contain of thyme 1% with garlic 1%, (4) Diet contain of thyme 1.5% with garlic 1%, in diets based on corn and soybean meal. Studying the results of qualitative and performance traits data showed there were not significant differences between treatments (P≥0.05). Numerically the highest daily egg product mean (53.56 g) and the amount of daily feed intake (92.63 g) and egg weight mean (62.67 g) is related to the treatment No.3, while the lowest feed conversion ratio (1.72) and the highest production percentage (85.86) is related to the treatment No.1. The blood characteristics with 1 percentage of mixed thyme and garlic powder was high significant Compared to other treatments and Blank(P>0.01).In general it can be concluded that qualitative and performance traits of egg were not affected by different levels of thyme and garlic powder but unlike Uric acid blood parameters(Total protein and Albumin) showed significant improvements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - The effects of different levels of Alhaji maurorum L. on performance, egg traits and blood biochemical and hematological parameters of commercial laying hens
A. Nobakht,This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of Alhaji maurorum L. on egg production,egg traits and blood parameters of commercial laying hens. In this experiment 144 Hy- line )W36( laying henswere used from 65-76 weeks of age in 4 treatment MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of Alhaji maurorum L. on egg production,egg traits and blood parameters of commercial laying hens. In this experiment 144 Hy- line )W36( laying henswere used from 65-76 weeks of age in 4 treatments, 3 replicates and 12 hens in each replicate in a completelyrandomized design. Experimental groups included: 1( control group, 2( group with 1.5, 3 and 4.5 percentage ofAlhaji maurorum L. Different levels of Alhaji maurorum L. had signifcant effects on performance, egg traitsand blood metabolites of laying hens )p<0.05(. The highest amounts of egg mass, the highest egg productionpercentage, the best feed conversion ratio, and the lowest price of feed intake for production per kilogram of eggwere resulted by using 3% of Alhaji maurorum L.. 3% of Alhaji maurorum L. signifcantly improved special eggweight, egg yolk color and eggshell surface/eggshell weight. The lowest percentage of heterophile, the highestpercentage of lymphocyte and the lowest ratio of heterophile/lymphocyte were resulted by using 3% of Alhajimaurorum L. Different levels of Alhaji maurorum L. did not have any signifcant effects on blood biochemicalparameters of laying hens )p>0.05(. The overall results indicated that in commercial laying hens using 3% ofAlhaji maurorum L. without having any adverse effects on blood parameters, improve the performance and eggtraits of laying hens and decreased the amount of feed price for production each kilogram of egg. Using Alhajimaurorum L. in laying hens diets is an effective way in weeds control of agriculture crops Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
404 - The effect of different levels of apple wastes on performance, egg quality and blood parameters of commercial laying hens
, A. NobakhtIn this experiment 144 Hy- line (W36) laying hens were used from 65-76 weeks of age in 4 treatments, 3 replicatesand 12 hens in each replicate in a completely randomized design. Experimental groups included: 1) control group,2) 2.5% of apple wastes, 3) 5% of apple waste MoreIn this experiment 144 Hy- line (W36) laying hens were used from 65-76 weeks of age in 4 treatments, 3 replicatesand 12 hens in each replicate in a completely randomized design. Experimental groups included: 1) control group,2) 2.5% of apple wastes, 3) 5% of apple wastes, 4) 7.5% of apple wastes. The results showed that using apple wastehas signifcant effects on performance, egg quality and blood parameters of commercial laying hens (p<0.05). Thehighest amounts of egg weight and egg mass, the highest egg production percentage, the best feed conversion,and the lowest price of feed intake for production per kilogram of egg were resulted by using 5% of apple waste.Using 7.5% of apple waste signifcantly decreased the amount of feed intake. Using more than 2.5% of apple wastein laying hens diets had adverse effects on egg traits. In this case the percentages of eggshell, egg yolk, Haughunit and eggshell thickness decreased. The lowest level of blood cholesterol was resulted by using 2.5% of applewastes, whereas the highest level of lymphocyte was obtained by using 5% of apple wastes. The overall resultsshowed that using 5% of apple wastes improve the performance of laying hens, however using more than 2.5% ofapple waste has adverse effects on egg traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
405 - The effect of salicylic acid on some morphological and physiological traits under salinity stress (Catharanthus roseus)
Samaneh Abdolmohammadi Jalal OmidiAbstract: Considering the increasing trend of salinity development and lack of desirable land for agriculture in the world, the use of saline resistant species or the use of compounds that reduce the effects of salinity stress and induction of resistance to stress in pl MoreAbstract: Considering the increasing trend of salinity development and lack of desirable land for agriculture in the world, the use of saline resistant species or the use of compounds that reduce the effects of salinity stress and induction of resistance to stress in plants is very important. Salicylic acid is one of the beneficial compounds for plants, which plays an important role in the resistance of plants to environmental stresses, including salinity stress. To evaluate the potential beneficial effects of salicylic acid on some of the physiological and morphological parameters of an experiment, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with two factors: salinity including sodium chloride at 0, 100 and 150 mM and salicylic acid at two levels 0 and 1 mM with four repeats. At the end of experiment, vegetative traits, chlorophyll a, b, total, carotenoids, starch, sucrose and total protein content were measured after 28 days of treatment. The results of salinity and salicylic acid interaction showed that salinity significantly reduced the weight and dry weight of the shoot, root dry weight and root, root penetration depth, and the height of the forage plant. Salinity of 150 mM significantly reduced the amount of chlorophyll a and b. In addition, the amount of sucrose and starch and protein decreased by salinity. Treatments with salicylic acid increased vegetative traits, sugars, chlorophyll, carotenoids and protein under salinity stress significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
406 - Investigating the application of essential, extract (Artemisia sieberi) allelopathic and nano on improving the competitive ability of wheat with weeds
Ehsanollah Jalili Farnaz Ganjabadi Mirsaeid ValiahdiTo increase the competitive ability of wheat with weeds by the interaction effect of essential, extract allelopathic (Artemisia sieberi) and nano an experiment was conducted in Alborz, Karaj in 2016 as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with thre MoreTo increase the competitive ability of wheat with weeds by the interaction effect of essential, extract allelopathic (Artemisia sieberi) and nano an experiment was conducted in Alborz, Karaj in 2016 as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications. experimental treatments including Artemisia essential, extract allelopathy in six levels: essential of 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2 ml/m2, and extracts 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2 ml/m2, control with weed (non-use of allelopathic compounds), weed control (weeding) and Nano ZFMB (Zinc, Iron, Manganese & Boron) Nano at three levels: Nano, one Lit.haˉ¹, two Lit.haˉ¹of, a control (no use of Nano).The results of this study showed that essential oil treatment of 0.6 ml/m2 with consumption of two Lit.haˉ¹ Nano reduced 73.33% of total dry weight of weeds compared to the control of presence of weed. As a result, conditions for proper plant growth were provided. Nano effects have a more positive effect on wheat growth and the plant maintains the balance in the production of grains and straw by producing an adequate shoot. Also, in reducing the competition of weeds on wheat, the allocation of photosynthetic photos to the seed was more than straw. This increased 55.83% of wheat yield compared to the control of presence of weed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
407 - Effect of different levels of treated urban wastewater on growth and some physiological characteristics of Althaea officinalis
Ahmad Mohtadi Forozan Ghasemi Athar Sadat Javanmard Shokoofeh HajihashemiTreated wastewater is important for plant irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions. Althaea officinalis belongs to the Malvaceae family and contains high levels of glazed compounds and mucilage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of MoreTreated wastewater is important for plant irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions. Althaea officinalis belongs to the Malvaceae family and contains high levels of glazed compounds and mucilage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of urban wastewater on growth and some physiological characteristics of Althaea officinalis. The seeds of A. officinalis were cultured in the pots containing perlite. The plants were treated with different levels of urbane wastewater of Yasouj (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) in three replications. The experiment was conducted in the form of randomized complete blocks design. The plants were harvested after three weeks’ irrigation with different concentrations of wastewater for further analysis. The results have shown that wastewater treatments increased the fresh and dry weight of shoots, the leaf area, the height of plant and roots length. The highest growth rate was obtained in plants irrigated with un-diluted wastewater. In response to wastewater treatment, the amount of photosynthetic pigments including chlorophylls a, b, a+b, and carotenoids increased and the highest level of increase was observed at 100% of wastewater. Anthocyanins and flavonoids increased in response to wastewater irrigation while proteins decreased. No cadmium and lead were detected in the leaves and roots of wastewater-irrigated plants. Overall, the results of this study showed a positive response of A. officinalis to urbane-wastewater-irrigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - Presenting ideal parameters for rewriting and story selection drawing from epic works especially Shahnameh in child and Young adult Literature
Pariya Ansari عبدالحسین فرزادThe present article is the outcome of a library research made in order to promote the quality of the rewritten texts drawn from epic works with emphasis on the cognitive, emotional, and social development parameters for the child and adolescent. The first step tow MoreThe present article is the outcome of a library research made in order to promote the quality of the rewritten texts drawn from epic works with emphasis on the cognitive, emotional, and social development parameters for the child and adolescent. The first step towards achieving this aim is to present the theoretical basis of rewriting the epic works in child and adolescent literature and then the brief history of the rewritten works as far as national interests is concerned with particular emphasis on Shahnameh is investigated. Next the characteristics of the child’s development in different ages are classified and based on that information the general and specialized regulations for rewriting the ancient epic works are evaluated. Based on this analysis, the ideal parameters for choosing a story and rewriting epic works compatible with mental capacities and different cognitive abilities addressed at child and young adult in different ages are suggested and summed up. Finally, to show the matter in practice examples of these ideal parameters in comparison with their inefficient adaptations of Shahnameh stories are provided. The present research is a scientific method for presenting ideal parameters for story selection in other literary genres too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
409 - The Effects of Oregano Essential Oil and Sodium Butyrate on the Growth Performance, Blood and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Suckling Holstein Calves
M. Mirzababaei F. Ghanbari J. Bayat Kouhsar F. FarivarThis study examined the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) and sodium butyrate (SB) dissolved in milk on Holstein suckling calves' performance, and blood and fermentation parameters. Twenty-four newborn male calves (3 to 5 days old) weighing an average of 36 ± 2 kg MoreThis study examined the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) and sodium butyrate (SB) dissolved in milk on Holstein suckling calves' performance, and blood and fermentation parameters. Twenty-four newborn male calves (3 to 5 days old) weighing an average of 36 ± 2 kg were randomly divided into four equal groups. Experimental treatments included: 1- basal diet (control), 2- basal diet + 5 g SB, 3- basal diet + 5 g OEO, and 4- basal diet + 5 g SB and 5 g OEO. Every two weeks, calves were weighed, and their skeletal growth indices were measured. In addition, the daily feed intake was determined. Blood samples were taken on days 7, 21, 42, and 56, and analyzed for determination of serum glucose, albumin, total protein, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), total cholesterol, triglycerides, and urea concentration. On the 21st, 42nd, and 56th days of the experiment, rumen fluid was collected to determine pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and vola-tile fatty acids (VFAs) concentrations. The SB and SB + OEO treatments increased feed intake compared to the control (P=0.06). Neither weight gain (P=0.11) nor feed conversion ratio (FCR, P=0.45) were influ-enced by treatments. However, some skeletal growth characteristics, including body length, withers height, and hip height, were enhanced by SB and OEO (P=0.05). Except protein, which was reduced by all treat-ments (P=0.002), there were no significant differences in blood parameters among treatments. Although treatments with SB and OEO increased the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total VFAs in rumen fluid (P<0.0001), rumen fluid pH (P=0.27) or NH3-N (P=0.70) concentration were influenced by none of treatments. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that although SB and OEO treat-ments improved rumen VFAs profiles, they had no significant effect on calf performance traits. Based on these results, investigation of the effects of using these treatments as a strategy in rumen development and early weaning of calves is suggestable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
410 - Biochemical parameters, Cell death, Sage, TiO2 NPs, UV-B radiation.
torfeh akhavan hezavehIntroduction: Salvia officinalis L. is a plant of family Lamiaceae native of Asia and Latin America. The major phytochemical constituents of Salvia officinalis include phenolic compounds (e.g., coumarins, flavonoids, tannins), polyacetylenes, steroids and terpenes/terpe MoreIntroduction: Salvia officinalis L. is a plant of family Lamiaceae native of Asia and Latin America. The major phytochemical constituents of Salvia officinalis include phenolic compounds (e.g., coumarins, flavonoids, tannins), polyacetylenes, steroids and terpenes/terpenoids (e.g., monoterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids. Salvia is an important genus consisting of about 900 species in the family Lamiaceae. Nowadays, many Mediterranean countries where sage grows have substantial gains from its production and its export. UV radiation causes the generation of oxygen free radicals such as singular oxygen, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals which disturb the metabolic balance of cells. TiO2 nanoparticles possess all of the characteristics of TiO2 and due to smaller sizes, their contact surface with other materials and consequently their efficiencies are increased such that these unusual characteristics have created concerns regarding their potential environmental effects. In order to investigate the applicability of titanium oxide nanoparticles in decreasing the effects of stresses due to UV radiation in the sage plant, an experiment was conducted in biology department of Technical and Vocational University.Experimental: In the current survey, based on the pot culture method using (Titanium dioxide nanoparticles) TiO2 NPs pretreatment in three levels of (0 ppm, 30 ppm, 60 ppm) then applying UV-B in three levels of (0, 20, 40 min),totally in 9 treatments and three repetitions for every treatment, the growth and some biochemical detectors of the sage plant (Salvia officinalis) were studied. During 3 weeks and irrigated with Hoagland solution every day.Results and Disscussion: The analysis of variance revealed that that UV-B stress increased cell death, carotenoids, anthocyanin, flavonoid, root protein. The results also showed that TiO2 NPs decreased dry weight, soluble protein compared to control plants. The results obtained from investigating the application of UV-B combined with TiO2 NPs showed that applying 30 ppm TiO2 NPs concomitant with UV-B improved the effects of UV-B stress in sage plant compared to other concentrations of TiO2 NPs. The results obtained from investigating the application of UV-B combined with titanium oxide nanoparticles showed that applying 30 ppm titanium oxide nanoparticles concomitant with UV-B improved the effects of UV-B stress in sage plant compared to other concentrations of titanium oxide nanoparticles. TiO2 NPs are able to activate an adaptive survival mechanism the plant even under oxidative stressful conditions.Extension: Based on the results, growers can apply TiO2 NPs at low concentrations of 30 ppm to complete the life cycle of sage plant to improve the antioxidant capacity of S. officinalis. Manuscript profile
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