The effect of exercise on concentration of some serum biochemical parameters in Arabian horses
Subject Areas :
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Ali Reza
Ghadrdan Mashhadi
1
(Department of clinical sciences, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran)
Mohammad
Razi Jalali
2
(Department of clinical sciences, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran)
Seyed Reza
Fatemi Tabatbaei
3
(Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran)
Marzieh
Arjmand-Nezhad
4
(Graduated from the Faculty of veterinary medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran)
Received: 2017-07-20
Accepted : 2018-03-05
Published : 2018-08-23
Keywords:
Exercise,
Biochemical parameters,
Serum,
Arab horse,
Abstract :
Evaluation of parameters like serum biochemical changes following intense physical activity can provide data which may help in predicting the athletic capacity of horses in racing conditions. In the present study, serum concentration of some biochemical factors was determined before and after intense physical activity in nine, 4-10 years old Arabian horses. The blood samples were collected at 1 h before (T0), just after (T1(, 3 hours (T2) and 24 hours (T3) after running with maximum speed in a 1250-meter course. Measurement of serum values of total protein, albumin, BUN, creatinine and glucose and also serum activity of creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes were done by routine laboratory methods. Data were analyzed statistically with one-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test. The results showed that all of the measured parameters, except BUN were significantly increased after running. It seems that hemoconcentration caused by severe sweating and stress induced by racing conditions, are the reasons for these changes.
References:
Aguilera-Tejero, E., Estepa, J.C., Lo'pez, I., Bas, S., Garfia, B. and Rodrigez, M. (2001). Plasma ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations in horses after endurance rides. American Journal of Veterinary Medical Association, 219(4): 488-490.
Ahmadizad, S., Sayed, M. and Maclaren, D.P.M. (2006). Effect of water intake on the response of haemorheological variables to resistance exercise. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation Journal, 35(1): 317-327.
Art, T., Amory, H., Desmecht, D. and Lekeux, P. (1990). Effect of show jumping on heart rate, blood lactate and other plasma biochemical values. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplementation, 9: 78-82.
Balogh, N., Gaal, T., Ribiczeyne, P.S.Z. and Petri, A. (2001). Biochemical and Antioxidant Changes in plasma and Erytroctyes of Pentathlon horses before and after exercise. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 30(4): 214-218.
Beitz, D.C. (2004). Carbohydrate metabolism. In: Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. Reece, W.O. editor. 12th ed., USA: Cornell University Press, pp: 502-503.
Braun, J.P. and Lefebvre, H.P. (2008). Kidney function and damage. In: Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. Kaneko, J.J., Harvey, J.W. and Bruss, M.L. editores. 6th ed., USA: Academic Press, pp: 490-493.
Carlson, G.P. (2002). Clinical chemistry tests. In: Large Animal Internal Medicine. Smith, B.P. editor. 3th ed., USA: A Harcourt Health Science Company, pp: 393-410.
Cohen, N.D., Roussel, A.J., Lumsden, J.H., Choen, A.C., Grift, E. and Lewis, C. (1993). Alterations of fluid and electrolyte balance in Thoroughbred race horse following strenuous exercise during training. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 57(1): 9-13.
Coyne, C.P., Carlson, G.P., Spensley, M.S. and Smith, J. (1990). Preliminary investigation of alterations in blood viscosity, cellular composition, and electrophoresis plasma protein fraction profile after competitive racing activity in Thoroughbred horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 51(12): 1956-1963.
Deldar, A., Fregin, F.G., Bloom, J.C. and Davanipour, Z. (1982). Changes in selected biochemical constituents of blood collected from horse participating in a 50-mile endurance ride. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 43(14): 2239-2240.
Eckersall, P.D. (2008). Protein, proteomics, and the dysproteinemias. In: Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. Kaneko, J.J., Harvey, J.W. and Bruss, M.L. editors. 6th ed., USA: Academic Press, pp: 121-145.
Erickson, H.H. and Poole, D.C. (2004). Exercise physiology. In: Dukes Physiology of Domestic Animals. Reece, W.O. editor. 12th ed., USA: Cornell University Press, pp: 356-374.
Flamino, M.J. and Rush, B.R. (1998). Fluid and electrolyte balance in endurance horses. Veterinary Clinical North American Equine Practice, 14(1): 147-158.
Harris, P.A. (1991). The equine rhabdomyolysis syndrome in the United Kingdom, epidemiological and clinical descriptive information. The British Veterinary Journal, 147(4): 373-383.
Kaneko, J.J., Harvey, J.W. and Bruss, M.L. (2008). Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. 6th ed., USA: Academic Press, pp: 883-888.
Latimer, K.S., Mahaffey, E.A. and Prasse, K.W. (2003). Veterinary laboratory medicine: Clinical Pathology. 4th ed., USA: Iowa States Press, pp: 340-341, 357, 364.
Linder, A. and Hatzipanagiotou, A. (1998). Effect of age and performance parameters on CK, LDH and AST activities in plasma of standardized horse during exercise. Pferdeilkunde, 14(6): 450-460. Quoted by: Sakha, M. and Rahmani, H. (2005). Haematological and biochemical response in Iranian crossbred race horse at high speed exercise. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Faculty. Tehran University, 60(2): 195-199.
Linder, A., Signorini, R., Brero, L., Arn, E., Mancini, R. and Enrique, A. (2006). Effect of conditioning horses with short interval at high speed on biochemical variables in blood. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplementation, 36: 88-92.
Lucke, J.N. and Hall, G.M. (1978). Biochemical changes in horse during a 50-mile endurance ride. Veterinary Record, 102(16): 356-358.
Lucke, J.N. and Hall, G.M. (1980a). A biochemical study of the Arab Horse society’s marathon race. Veterinary Record, 107(23): 523-525.
Lucke, J.N. and Hall, G.M. (1980b). Further studies on the metabolic effects of long distance riding: golden horseshoe ride 1979. Equine Veterinary Journal, 12(4): 187-192.
Morris, D.D. and Johnston, J.K. (2002). Alteration in blood protein. In: Large Animal Internal Medicine. Smith, B.P. editor. 3th ed., USA: A Harcourt Health Science Company, pp: 427-432.
Newman, D.J. and Price, C.P. (2000). Non protein nitrogen metabolism. In: Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry. Burtis, C.A. and Ashwood, E.R. editorse. 5th ed., USA: W.B. Saunders Company, pp: 415- 419.
Padalino, B., Rubino, G., Centoducati, P. and Petazzi, F. (2007). Training versus overtraining: evaluation of two protocols. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 27(1): 28-31.
Perez, R., Marcin, M., Cabazes, I., Guzman, R., Murino,V., Valenzula, S., et al. (1997). Physical activity, cardiovascular and biochemical changes of Chilean purebred horses rodeo competitions. Archive the Medicine Veterinary, 29(2): 221-234.
Piccione, G., Casella, S., Giannetto, C., Monteverde, V. and Ferrantelli, V. (2009). Exercise–induced modifications on haematochemical and Electorphoretic parameters during 1600 and 2000 meters trot race in Standardbred horses. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 35(2): 131-135.
Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Hincheliff, K.W. and Constable, P.D. (2007). Veterinary Medicine. 10th ed., Spain: W.B. Saunders Company, pp: 2048-2049.
Ralston, S.L. and Larson, K. (2007). The effect of oral electrolyte supplementation during a 96 kilometer endurance race for horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 9(1): 13-19.
Reece, W.O. and Swenson, M.J. (2004). The Composition and function of blood. In: Duke's Physiology of Domestic Animals. Reece, W.O. editor. 12th ed., USA: Cornell University Press, pp: 26-49.
Rose, R.J., Hodgson, D.R., Sampson, D. and Chan, W. (1983). Changes in plasma biochemistry in horse competing in a 160 km endurance ride. Australian Veterinary Journal, 60(4): 101-105.
Rose, R.J., Iikiw, J.E. and Martin, I.C. (1979). Blood-gase, acid-base and haematological values in horses during and endurance ride. Equine Veterinary Journal, 11(1): 56-59.
Rueca, F., Coti, M.B., Porciello, F., Spaterna, A., Antognoni, M.T., Mangili, V., et al. (1999). Relationship between running speed, isoenzymes of serum creatinekinase and lactate dehydrogenase and left ventricular function in stallions. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplementation, 30: 163-165.
Sakha, M. and Rahmani, H. (2005). Haematological and biochemical response in Iranian crossbred race horses at high speed exercise. Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of University of Tehran, 60(2): 195-199. [In Persian]
Valberg, S., Gustavsson, B.E., Lindholm, A. and Person, S.G. (1989). Blood chemistry and skeletal muscle metabolic response during and after different speed and durations trotting. Equine Veterinary Journal, 21(2): 91-95.
Valberg, S.J. (2008). Skeletal muscle function. In: Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. Kaneko, J.J., Harvey, J.W. and Bruss, M.L. editors. 6th ed., USA: Academic Press, pp: 471- 473.
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Aguilera-Tejero, E., Estepa, J.C., Lo'pez, I., Bas, S., Garfia, B. and Rodrigez, M. (2001). Plasma ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations in horses after endurance rides. American Journal of Veterinary Medical Association, 219(4): 488-490.
Ahmadizad, S., Sayed, M. and Maclaren, D.P.M. (2006). Effect of water intake on the response of haemorheological variables to resistance exercise. Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation Journal, 35(1): 317-327.
Art, T., Amory, H., Desmecht, D. and Lekeux, P. (1990). Effect of show jumping on heart rate, blood lactate and other plasma biochemical values. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplementation, 9: 78-82.
Balogh, N., Gaal, T., Ribiczeyne, P.S.Z. and Petri, A. (2001). Biochemical and Antioxidant Changes in plasma and Erytroctyes of Pentathlon horses before and after exercise. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 30(4): 214-218.
Beitz, D.C. (2004). Carbohydrate metabolism. In: Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. Reece, W.O. editor. 12th ed., USA: Cornell University Press, pp: 502-503.
Braun, J.P. and Lefebvre, H.P. (2008). Kidney function and damage. In: Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. Kaneko, J.J., Harvey, J.W. and Bruss, M.L. editores. 6th ed., USA: Academic Press, pp: 490-493.
Carlson, G.P. (2002). Clinical chemistry tests. In: Large Animal Internal Medicine. Smith, B.P. editor. 3th ed., USA: A Harcourt Health Science Company, pp: 393-410.
Cohen, N.D., Roussel, A.J., Lumsden, J.H., Choen, A.C., Grift, E. and Lewis, C. (1993). Alterations of fluid and electrolyte balance in Thoroughbred race horse following strenuous exercise during training. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 57(1): 9-13.
Coyne, C.P., Carlson, G.P., Spensley, M.S. and Smith, J. (1990). Preliminary investigation of alterations in blood viscosity, cellular composition, and electrophoresis plasma protein fraction profile after competitive racing activity in Thoroughbred horses. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 51(12): 1956-1963.
Deldar, A., Fregin, F.G., Bloom, J.C. and Davanipour, Z. (1982). Changes in selected biochemical constituents of blood collected from horse participating in a 50-mile endurance ride. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 43(14): 2239-2240.
Eckersall, P.D. (2008). Protein, proteomics, and the dysproteinemias. In: Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. Kaneko, J.J., Harvey, J.W. and Bruss, M.L. editors. 6th ed., USA: Academic Press, pp: 121-145.
Erickson, H.H. and Poole, D.C. (2004). Exercise physiology. In: Dukes Physiology of Domestic Animals. Reece, W.O. editor. 12th ed., USA: Cornell University Press, pp: 356-374.
Flamino, M.J. and Rush, B.R. (1998). Fluid and electrolyte balance in endurance horses. Veterinary Clinical North American Equine Practice, 14(1): 147-158.
Harris, P.A. (1991). The equine rhabdomyolysis syndrome in the United Kingdom, epidemiological and clinical descriptive information. The British Veterinary Journal, 147(4): 373-383.
Kaneko, J.J., Harvey, J.W. and Bruss, M.L. (2008). Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. 6th ed., USA: Academic Press, pp: 883-888.
Latimer, K.S., Mahaffey, E.A. and Prasse, K.W. (2003). Veterinary laboratory medicine: Clinical Pathology. 4th ed., USA: Iowa States Press, pp: 340-341, 357, 364.
Linder, A. and Hatzipanagiotou, A. (1998). Effect of age and performance parameters on CK, LDH and AST activities in plasma of standardized horse during exercise. Pferdeilkunde, 14(6): 450-460. Quoted by: Sakha, M. and Rahmani, H. (2005). Haematological and biochemical response in Iranian crossbred race horse at high speed exercise. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Faculty. Tehran University, 60(2): 195-199.
Linder, A., Signorini, R., Brero, L., Arn, E., Mancini, R. and Enrique, A. (2006). Effect of conditioning horses with short interval at high speed on biochemical variables in blood. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplementation, 36: 88-92.
Lucke, J.N. and Hall, G.M. (1978). Biochemical changes in horse during a 50-mile endurance ride. Veterinary Record, 102(16): 356-358.
Lucke, J.N. and Hall, G.M. (1980a). A biochemical study of the Arab Horse society’s marathon race. Veterinary Record, 107(23): 523-525.
Lucke, J.N. and Hall, G.M. (1980b). Further studies on the metabolic effects of long distance riding: golden horseshoe ride 1979. Equine Veterinary Journal, 12(4): 187-192.
Morris, D.D. and Johnston, J.K. (2002). Alteration in blood protein. In: Large Animal Internal Medicine. Smith, B.P. editor. 3th ed., USA: A Harcourt Health Science Company, pp: 427-432.
Newman, D.J. and Price, C.P. (2000). Non protein nitrogen metabolism. In: Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry. Burtis, C.A. and Ashwood, E.R. editorse. 5th ed., USA: W.B. Saunders Company, pp: 415- 419.
Padalino, B., Rubino, G., Centoducati, P. and Petazzi, F. (2007). Training versus overtraining: evaluation of two protocols. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 27(1): 28-31.
Perez, R., Marcin, M., Cabazes, I., Guzman, R., Murino,V., Valenzula, S., et al. (1997). Physical activity, cardiovascular and biochemical changes of Chilean purebred horses rodeo competitions. Archive the Medicine Veterinary, 29(2): 221-234.
Piccione, G., Casella, S., Giannetto, C., Monteverde, V. and Ferrantelli, V. (2009). Exercise–induced modifications on haematochemical and Electorphoretic parameters during 1600 and 2000 meters trot race in Standardbred horses. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 35(2): 131-135.
Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Hincheliff, K.W. and Constable, P.D. (2007). Veterinary Medicine. 10th ed., Spain: W.B. Saunders Company, pp: 2048-2049.
Ralston, S.L. and Larson, K. (2007). The effect of oral electrolyte supplementation during a 96 kilometer endurance race for horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 9(1): 13-19.
Reece, W.O. and Swenson, M.J. (2004). The Composition and function of blood. In: Duke's Physiology of Domestic Animals. Reece, W.O. editor. 12th ed., USA: Cornell University Press, pp: 26-49.
Rose, R.J., Hodgson, D.R., Sampson, D. and Chan, W. (1983). Changes in plasma biochemistry in horse competing in a 160 km endurance ride. Australian Veterinary Journal, 60(4): 101-105.
Rose, R.J., Iikiw, J.E. and Martin, I.C. (1979). Blood-gase, acid-base and haematological values in horses during and endurance ride. Equine Veterinary Journal, 11(1): 56-59.
Rueca, F., Coti, M.B., Porciello, F., Spaterna, A., Antognoni, M.T., Mangili, V., et al. (1999). Relationship between running speed, isoenzymes of serum creatinekinase and lactate dehydrogenase and left ventricular function in stallions. Equine Veterinary Journal Supplementation, 30: 163-165.
Sakha, M. and Rahmani, H. (2005). Haematological and biochemical response in Iranian crossbred race horses at high speed exercise. Journal of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of University of Tehran, 60(2): 195-199. [In Persian]
Valberg, S., Gustavsson, B.E., Lindholm, A. and Person, S.G. (1989). Blood chemistry and skeletal muscle metabolic response during and after different speed and durations trotting. Equine Veterinary Journal, 21(2): 91-95.
Valberg, S.J. (2008). Skeletal muscle function. In: Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. Kaneko, J.J., Harvey, J.W. and Bruss, M.L. editors. 6th ed., USA: Academic Press, pp: 471- 473.
