فراسنجه‌های ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی برای خصوصیات منی و رابطه آن با حاشیه اسکروتومی در بز نر سیاه بنگال

Subject Areas : Camel

ام.ام. میا ¹ , ام.آ.ام.ی. خاندوکر ² , اس.اس. هوساین ³ , ام.او. فاروق ⁴ , دی.آر. نوتر ⁵

1 - Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
2 - Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
3 - Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
4 - Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
5 - Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 240610306, USA

Received: 2013-05-01 Accepted : 2013-09-27 Published : 2013-12-01

Keywords: منی, پارامترهای ژنتیکی, بز سیاه بنگال, فاکتور‌های ثابت, محیط بیضه,

Abstract :

بز سیاه بنگال از ذخایر ژنتیکی و یکی از پتانسیل‌های ژنتیکی بنگلادش است. فراسنجه‌های ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی برای خصوصیات منی و رابطه آن با محیط بیضه در بز نر سیاه بنگال در این آزمایش برآورد شد. فراسنجه‌های ژنتیکی توسط روش حداکثر درست‌نمایی باقی‌مانده برآورد شدند و مدل حیوانی که اثرات‌ ژنتیک ‌مادری یا اثرات محیطی دایمی را نادیده می‌گرفت برازش شد. میانگین‌های حداقل مربعات حجم منی (میلی‌لیتر در هر انزال)، غلظت اسپرم (109 سلول در میلی‌لیتر)، تحرک ‌توده (درصد)، زنده‌مانی اسپرم (درصد) و اسپرماتوزوآی طبیعی (درصد) به‌ترتیب 56/0، 55/2، 7/79 و 5/90 بود. فصل جمع‌آوری و محیط بیضه به‌طور معنی‌داری بر تمامی خصوصیات مطالعه ‌شده اسپرم موثر بودند. سن بزهای نر بر تمامی خصوصیات مطالعه‌ شده اسپرم به‌جز تحرک ‌توده موثر بود. وزن‌ب دن اثر معنی‌داری بر حجم منی و تحرک ‌توده داشت. برآورد وراثت‌پذیری برای غلظت اسپرم (38/0) متوسط و برای حجم منی، تحرک ‌توده، زنده‌مانی اسپرم و اسپرماتوزوآی طبیعی (05/0 تا 18/0) کم بود. همبستگی فنوتیپی در دامنه اندکی منفی (001/0-) تا مثبت (42/0) و همبستگی ژنتیکی در دامنه متوسط منفی (37/0-) تا خیلی مثبت (99/0) بود. غلظت اسپرم تنها صفت بز سیاه بنگال است که ممکن است طی انتخاب، پیشرفت ژنتیکی منطقی داشته باشد. انتخاب برای افزایش محیط بیضه باید پاسخ مرتبط مطلوبی با خصوصیات منی داشته باشد.

References:

Abdel Raheem A.A. (1998). Genetic studies on Zaraibi goats. Ph D Thesis. Ain Shams Univ, Egypt.
Abegaz S., Negussie E., Duguma G. and Rege J.E.O. (2002). Genetic parameter estimates for growth traits in Horro sheep. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 119, 35-45.
Adu I.F., Buvanendran V. and Lakpini C.A.M. (1979). The reproductive performance of Red Soko goats in Nigeria. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 93, 563-566.
Ali S.Z., Haque M.M. and Hasnath M.A. (1973). A study on the growth and reproductive performance of Black Bengal goats under farm conditions. Ind. Vet. J. 50, 438-440.
Al Shorepy S.A. andNotter D.R. (1994). Heritability of fertility and litter size in a fall lambing sheep flock. Pp. 83-86 in Proc. 5^th World Cong. Genet. Appl. Livest. Prod. Guelph, ON.
Altarriba J., Varona L., Garcia Cortez L.A. and Moreno C. (1998). Bayesian inference of variance components for litter size in Rasa Aragonesa sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 76, 23-28.
Amble V.N. Khandekar M. and Garg J.N. (1964). Statistical Studies on Breeding Data of Beetal Goats. Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
Amin M.R., Husain S.S. and Islam A.B.M.M. (2001). Reproductive peculiarities and litter weight in different genetic groups of Black Bengal does. Asian-australas J. Anim. Sci. 14, 297-301.
Amoah E.A. and Bryant M.J. (1983). Gestation period, litter size and birth weight in the goat. Anim. Prod. 36, 105-109.
Amoah E.A. and Gela S. (1990). Control of reproduction in the goat. Pp. 51-58 in Proc. Goat Prod. Symp., Fort Valley State Coll, Fort Valley, GA.
Amoah E.A., Gelaye S., Guthrie P. and Rexroad C.E. (1996). Breeding season and aspects of reproduction of female goats. J. Anim. Sci. 74, 723-728.
Analla M., Munoz Serrano A.andSerradilla J.M. (1997). Analysis of the genetic relationship between litter size and weight traits in Segurena sheep. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77, 17-21.
Bagnicka E., Wallin E., Łukaszewicz M. and Adnøy T. (2007). Heritability for reproduction traits in Polish and Norwegian populations of dairy goat. Small Rumin. Res. 68, 256-262.
Berglund B. and Philipsson J. (2001). Breeding for dairy cattle fertility-the Scandinavian experience. Pp. 5-12 in Proc. Reprod. Failure in Farm Anim. Symp. Estonian Agric. Univ. Tartu.
Boujenane I., Berrada D., Mihi S. and Jamai M. (1998). Reproductive performance of ewes and preweaning growth of lambs from three native Moroccan breeds mated to rams from Moroccan and improved breeds. Small Rumin. Res. 27, 203-208.
Bradford G.E. (1985). Selection for litter size. Pp. 3-18 in Genetics of Reproduction in Sheep. R.B. Land and D.W. Robinson Eds. Butterworths, London.
Bradford G.E., Quirke J.F., Sitorus P., Inounu I., Tiesnamurti B., Bell F.L., Fletcher I.C. and Torell D.T. (1986). Reproduction in Javanese sheep: evidence for a gene with large effect on ovulation rate and litter size.J. Anim. Sci. 63, 418-431.
Bradford G.H., Sakul H. and Dally M.R. (1999). Selection for weaning weight of litter size in range sheep. II: Correlated responses and effects on productivity. Sheep Goat Res. J. 15, 138-146.
Bromley C.M., Snowder G.D. and Van Vleck L.D. (2000). Genetic parameters among weight, prolificacy and wool traits of Columbia, Polypay, Rambouillet and Targhee sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 78, 846-858.
Bromley C.M., Van Vleck L.D. and Snowder G.D. (2001). Genetic correlations for litter weight weaned with growth, prolificacy and wool traits in Columbia, Polypay, Rambouillet and Targhee sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 79, 339-346.
Burfening P.J., Kachman S.D., Hanford K.J. and Rossi D. (1993). Selection for reproductive rate in Rambouillet sheep: estimated genetic change in reproductive rate. Small Rumin. Res. 10, 317-330.
Cabello F.E., Andrade M.H. and Olmos V.I. (1992). Production and reproduction in Anglo-Nubian goats under extensive management in a semi-arid climate. Memorias del 3^nd Cong. Nacion, AZTECA, Mexico D.F. Univ. Autonomy Metrapolitana, Iztapalapa.
Casey N.H. and Van Niekerk W.A. (1988). The Boer goat. Ι: origin, adaptability, performance testing, reproduction and milk production. Small Rumin. Res. 1, 291-302.
Crepaldi P., Corti M. and Cicogna M. (1999). Factors affecting milk production and prolificacy of Alpine goats in Lombardy (Italy). Small Rumin. Res. 32, 83-88.
Das N. and Tomer O.S. (1987). Effect of parity, birth type and body weight of dam and birth weight of kid on gestation period of crossbred goats. Ind. Vet. J. 64, 396-398.
Davis G.H., Morris C.A. and Dodds K.G. (1998). Genetic studies of prolificacy in New Zealand sheep. Anim. Sci. 67, 289-297.
Deshpande S.B. and Mehta V.M. (1992). Effect of nongenetic factors on gestation length, weight of placenta and placental expulsion time in Surti and Marwari goats. Ind. J. Anim. Sci. 62, 155-158.
Devendra C. (1984). Prolific breeds of goat. Pp. 65-69 in Genetics of Reproduction in Sheep. R.B. Land and D.W. Robinson Eds. Butterworth, London.
Dickerson G.E. (1970). Efficiency of animal production -molding the biological components. J. Anim. Sci. 30, 849-853.
Dickerson G.E. (1978). Animal size and efficiency: basic con cepts. Anim. Prod. 27, 367-379.
Fahmy H.H. (1990). The accumulative effect of Finnsheep breeding in crossbreeding schemes: ewe productivity under an accelerated lambing system. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 70, 967-971.
Falconer D.S. (1989). Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. Longman Press, Essex, U.K.
Fogarty N.M. (1995). Genetic parameters for live weight, fat and muscle measurements, wool production and reproduction in sheep: a review. Anim. Breed. Abstr. 63, 101-143.
Fogarty N.M., Cummins L., Stafford J., Gaunt G. and Banks R.G. (2000). Opportunities for improvements of maternal performance in the lamb industry. Pp. 309-311 in Proc. 9^th Cong. Asian-australasian Assoc. Anim. Prod. Soc. 23 Bienn. Australian Soc. Animal Prod. Univ. New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Galina M.A., Silva E., Morales R. and Lopez B. (1995). Reproductive performance of Mexican dairy goats under various management systems. Small Rumin. Res. 18, 249-253.
Gangwar S.D. and Yadav M.C. (1987). Factors affecting gestation length in Indian goats. Ind. J. Dairy Sci. 11, 365-366.
Garcia B.O., Garcia B.E., Bravo J. and Kennedy B. (1996). Analysis of a crossbreeding trial using Criollo and imported goats. 1. Growth of kids, vol. 13, Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad del Zulia, Pp. 395-415.
Gbangboche A.B., Adamou Ndiaye M., Youssao A.K.I., Farnir F., Detilleux J., Abiola F.A. and Leroy P.L. (2006). Non-genetic factors affecting the reproduction performance, lamb growth and productivity indices of Djallonke sheep. Small Rumin. Res. 64, 133-142.
Ghosh N., Roy S.K. and Maitra D.N. (1994). Reproductive performance of Bengal goats (Capra hircus) under deep litter system of management. Ind. J. Anim. Sci. 64, 1111-1112.
Greyling J.P.C. (1988). Certain aspects of reproductive physiology in the Boer goat doe. MS Thesis. Univ. Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Greyling J.P.C. (2000). Reproduction traits in the Boer goat doe. Small Rumin. Res. 36, 171-177.
Groeneveld E. (1998). VCE4. User’s Guide and Reference Manual, Version, 4.1. Institute of Animal Husbandry and Animal Behaviour, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Neustadt. Germany.
Hamed A., Mabrouk M.M., Shaat I. and Bata S. (2009). Estimation of genetic parameters and some nongenetic factors for litter size at birth and weaning and milk yield traits in Zaraibi goats. Egyptian J. Sheep. Goat. Sci. 4, 55-64.
Hanford K.J., Van Vleck L.D. and Snowde G.D. (2002). Estimates of genetic parameters and genetic change for reproduction, weight and wool characteristics of Columbia sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 80, 3086-3098.
Hanford K.J., Van Vleck L.D. and Snowder G.D. (2005). Estimates of genetic parameters and genetic change for reproduction, weight, and wool characteristics of Rambouillet sheep. Small Rumin. Res. 57, 175-186.
Hoque M.A., Amin M.R. and Baik D.H. (2002). Genetic and non-genetic causes of variation in gestation length, litter size and litter weight in goats. Asian-australas J. Anim. Sci. 15, 772-776.
Hossain S.M.J., Sultana N., Alam M.R., Rashid M.M. (2004). Reproductive performance of Black Bengal goat under semi-intensive management. J. Biol. Sci. 4, 537-541.
Husain S.S., Horst P. and Islam A.B.M.M. (1996). Study on the growth performance of Black Bengal goats in different periods. Small Rumin. Res. 21, 165-171.
Kale M.M. and Tomer O.S. (1999). Reproductive performance of crossbred goat flock under stall fed conditions. Small Rumin. Res. 5, 20-24.
Kanaujia S. and Pander B.L. (1988). Heterosis in some economic traits in Beetal and Black Bengal crosses. Ind. J. Anim. Sci. 58, 127-129.
Kominakis A., Rogdakis E. and Koutsotolis K. (1998). Genetic parameters for milk yield and litter size in Boutsico dairy sheep. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 78, 525-532.
Land R.B. (1978). Reproduction in young sheep: some genetic and environmental sources of variation. J. Reprod. Fertil. 52, 427-436.
Marai I.F.M., Abou Fandoud E.I., Daader A.H. and Abu Ella A.A. (2002). Reproductive doe traits of the Nubian (Zaraibi) goats in Egypt. Small Rumin. Res. 46, 201-205.
Maria G.A. (1995). Estimates of variances due to direct maternal effects for reproductive traits of Romanov sheep. Small Rumin. Res. 18, 69-73.
Maria G.A. and Ascaso M.S. (1999). Litter size, lambing interval and lamb mortality of Salz, Rasa Aragonesa, Romanov and F1 ewes on accelerated lambing management. Small Rumin. Res. 32, 167-172.
Marquez A.P., Ponce J.F., Vega J., Rodríguez V.M., Vizcarra V.G., Montaño M. and Guerrero J.N. (2003). Estimates of genetic parameters for reproduction and weight in the progeny of Nubian, French Alpine, Saanen, Toggenburgh, and Spanish goats mated to Boer sires. Proc. West. Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 54, 271-278.
Matika O., Van Wyk J.B., Erasmus G.J. and Baker R.L. (2003). Genetic parameter estimates in Sabi sheep.Livest. Prod. Sci. 79, 17-28.
Matos G.A.P., Thomas D.L., Gianola D., Perez Enciso M. and Young L.D. (1997). Genetic analysis of discrete reproductive traits in sheep using linear and non-linear models: II. Goodness of fit and predictive ability. J. Anim. Sci. 75, 88-94.
Melton B.E. (1995). Conception to consumption: The economics of genetic improvement. Pp. 40-71 in Proc. 27^th Beef Improv. Federation  Res. Symp. Ann. Meeting, Sheridan, WY.
Mia M.M. (1992). A comparative study on the performance of Black Bengal, Barbari, Anglo Nubian and Black Bengal × Barbari goats. MS Thesis. Bangladesh Agric. Univ. Mymengingh, Bangladesh.
Mishra R.K., Nivsarkar A.E. and Arora C.L. (1979). A note on the analysis of gestation length in Sirohi goats.Ind. J. Anim. Sci. 49, 967-973.
Moaeen-Ud-Din M., Yanf L.G., Chen S.L., Zhang Z.R., Xiao J.Z., Wen Q.Y. and Dai M. (2008). Reproductive performance of Matou goat under sub-tropical monsoonal climate of central China. Trop. Anim. Heallth Prod. 40, 17-23.
Mohamed M.E. (1990). Study on the productive and reproductive performance of Desert Barki goats and their crosses with Damascus and Zaraibi goats. MS Thesis. Faculty of Agric. Alexandria Univ. Egypt.
Moulick S., Guha H., Gupta S., Mitra D.K. and Bhattacharya S. (1966). Factors affecting multiple birth in Black Bengal goats. Ind. J. Vet. Sci. 20, 69-103.
MouradM. (1996). Estimation of repeatability of litter size of Common African goats and cross with Alpine in Rwanda. Small Rumin. Res. 19, 263-266.
Nagy I., Slkner J., Komlosi I. and Safar L. (1999). Genetic parameters of production and fertility traits in Hungarian Merino sheep. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 116, 399-413.
Neopane S.P. (2000). Selection for improvement of the productivity of Hill goats in Nepal. Pp. 206-208 in Proc. 7^th Int. Conf. Goats. France.
Odubote I.K. (1992). Genetic and non-genetic sources of variation in litter size, kidding interval and body weight at various ages of west African Dwarf goats. Ph D. Thesis. Obafemi Awolowo Univ.
Odubote I.K. (1996). Genetic parameters for litter size at birth and kidding interval in the west African Dwarf goats. Small Rumin. Res. 20, 261-265.
Okut H., Bromley C.M., Van Vleck L.D. and Snowder G.D. (1999). Genotypic expression at different ages: I. Prolificacy traits of sheep.J. Anim. Sci. 77, 2357-2365.
Peaker M. (1978). Gestation period and litter size in the goat. British Vet. J. 134, 379-383.
Piper L.R. and Bindon B.M. (1982). Genetic segregation for fecundity in Booroola Merino sheep. Pp. 159-168 in Genetics of Reproduction in Sheep. R.A. Barton and D.W. Robinson Eds. Butterworths, London.
Pryce J.E., Esslemont R.J., Thompson R., Veerkamp R.F., Kossaibati M.A. and Simm G. (1998). Estimation of genetic parameters using health, fertility and production data from a management recording system for dairy cattle. Anim. Sci. 66, 577-584.
Rajab M.H., Cartwright T.C., Dahm P.F. and Figueiredo E.A.P. (1992). Performance of three tropical hair sheep breeds. J. Anim. Sci. 70, 3351-3359.
Rao S. and Notter D.R. (2000). Genetic analysis of litter size in Targhee, Suffolk and Polypay sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 78, 2113-2120.
Ray S.P., Samanta A.K. and Maitra D.N. (1994). Effect of seasons on gestation period and open period of Black Bengal goats in West Bengal. Ind. Vet. J. 71, 44-46.
Riera S. (1982). Reproductive efficiency and management in goats. Pp. 162-174 in Proc. 3^rd Inter. Conf. Goat Prod. Dise. Tuscon, Arizona, USA.
Safari E., Fogarty N.M. and Gilmour A.R. (2005). A review of genetic parameter estimates for wool, growth, meat and reproduction traits in sheep. Livest. Prod. Sci. 92, 271-289.
Sakul H., Bradford G.E. and Dally M.R. (1999). Selection for litter size or weaning weight in range sheep. I: Selection practiced and direct response. Sheep Goat Res. J. 15, 126-137.
Santucci P.M. (1995). Goat Farming Systems in the French Mediterranean: Goat Production Systems in the Mediterranean. EAAP Publication No. 71. Wageningen.
SAS Institute. (1996). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 6.11. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC.
Shelton M. (1960). Influence of the presence of a male goat on the initiation of estrus cycling and ovulation of Angora does. J. Anim. Sci. 19, 368-375.
Shelton M. (1978). Reproduction and breeding of goats. J. Dairy Sci. 61, 994-1010.
Silva E., Galina M.A., Palma J.M. and Valencia J. (1998). Reproductive performance of Alpine dairy goats in a semi-arid environment of Mexico under a continuous breeding system. Small Rumin. Res. 27, 79-84.
Sinha N.K. and Sahni K.L. (1982). A note on the factors affecting gestation period of certain Indian breeds of goats. Vet. Res. J. 5, 73-77.
Snowder G.D. (2008). Genetic improvement of overall reproductive success in sheep: a review. Asoc. Latinoamericana de Prod. Anim. 16(1), 32-40.
Song H.B. (2003). Reproduction traits in the Korean native goat doe. Korean J. Anim. Reprod. 27, 289-297.
Song H.B., Jo I.H. and Sol H.S. (2006). Reproductive performance of Korean native goats under natural and intensive conditions. Small Rumin. Res. 65, 284-287.
Steinbach J. (1988). Sheep and goats: their relative potential for milk and meat production in semi-arid environments. Pp. 123-135 in Increasing Small Ruminant Productivity in Semi-Arid Areas. E.F. Thomson and F.S. Thomson Eds. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
Terrill C.E. and Foote W.C. (1987). Estimating reproductive performance in goats. Pp. 577-583 in Proc. 4^th Int. Conf. Goats, Brasilia, Brasil.
Turner H.N. and Young S.S. (1969). Quantitative Genetics in Sheep Breeding. Cornell University Press, NY, USA.
Van der Westhuysen J.M. (1980). Reproductive efficiency of Angoras in South Africa. South African J. Anim. Sci. 10, 99-101.
Van Haandel E.B.P.G. and Visscher A.H. (1995). Genetic parameters for reproduction traits in crosses between Finnish Landrace and Ile de France sheep. Livest. Prod. Sci. 43, 129-136.
Van Wyk J.B., Fair M.D. and Cloete S.W.P. (2003). Revised models and genetic parameter estimates for production and reproduction traits in the Elsenburg Dormer sheep stud. South African J. Anim. Sci. 33, 213-222.
Veerkamp R.F., Koenen E.P.C. and De Jong G. (2001). Genetic correlation among body condition score, yield and fertility in first-parity cows estimated by random regression models. J. Dairy Sci. 84, 2327-2335.
Verma R.R.P., Singh B.K., Singh M.P. and Singh B. (1991). Factors affecting reproductive performance in Black Bengal goats. Ind. Vet. J. 68, 235-239.
Wang C.T. and Dickerson G.E. (1991). Simulated effects of reproductive performance on life-cycle efficiency of lamb and wool production at three lambing intervals. J. Anim. Sci. 69, 4338-4347.
Wilson R.T. (1989). Reproduction performance of African indigenous small ruminants under various management systems. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 20, 265-286.
Wilson R.T., Murayi T. and Rocha A. (1989). Indigenous African small ruminant strains with potentially high reproductive performance. Small Rumin. Res. 2, 107-117.