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Open Access Article
1 - The Role of Psychological Environment of Educational Spaces in the Self-esteem of Adolescents (Case Study: Shiraz Secondary School for Girls)
Kimia Sadat Tabibzadeh هادی کشمیری Hamid saghapourPaying attention to environmental psychology in the design of educational spaces, in addition to improving the quality of the space, can cause positive mental effects of the user of the environment. Since girls have different growth and maturity characteristics than boy MorePaying attention to environmental psychology in the design of educational spaces, in addition to improving the quality of the space, can cause positive mental effects of the user of the environment. Since girls have different growth and maturity characteristics than boys and in the future they will also play the role of mothers in the family, it is very important to pay attention to their mental and psychological characteristics. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the role of environmental psychology of educational spaces in the self-esteem of adolescent girls and also to determine the more effective features of environmental psychology in the self-esteem of this group of society. The independent variables of the research were the psychology of the school environment and its components, and the dependent variable of the research was the students' self-esteem. The research method used is relational correlation which was done with library studies and survey method. Available books, articles and documents, personal observation, interviews, Rosenberg's self-esteem questionnaire, and the researcher's questionnaire of environmental psychology have been research tools. After the studies, the environmental psychology questionnaire was created by the researcher, adjusted and according to Cochran's formula, it was randomly completed by 382 students from second secondary girls' schools in Shiraz city, who were selected by targeted non-probability sampling method. The information obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed with SPSS software to achieve the objectives of the research. The findings have shown that school architecture can influence the self-esteem of female adolescent students through the science of environmental psychology, and the correlation coefficient between the physical and spatial component of environmental psychology with adolescent self-esteem is higher than the correlation coefficient between the functional component of environmental psychology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - A Comparative Study of Determining the Rate of Receiving Solar Radiation on the Northern Facade of Qajar Period Schools in Shiraz (By the Law of Cosines and Solar Diagram Methods)
Hamed AyaliThis research explores the principles of Iranian architecture, specifically how it adapts to climatic conditions and maximizes solar energy intake beyond traditional sustainability principles. The focus is on studying the central courtyard of Qajar period schools in Shi MoreThis research explores the principles of Iranian architecture, specifically how it adapts to climatic conditions and maximizes solar energy intake beyond traditional sustainability principles. The focus is on studying the central courtyard of Qajar period schools in Shiraz and its relationship to solar radiation and shadow effects. The research aims to answer how solar radiation intake has influenced the orientation of these schools. The methodology involves evaluating case studies, conducting library research, and making field observations. Registered Qajar period schools are studied, critiqued, and analyzed using analytical, deductive, and classification approaches. The findings indicate that the most suitable orientation for Qajar period schools in Shiraz, in terms of solar radiation intake, is a 25-degree rotation relative to the north, specifically in the northern facade of the central courtyard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigating the Effectiveness of the Combined Method of Hierarchical Analysis and SWAT in the Assessment of Firefighting Management in the Fields of Natural Resources of Fars Province (Case Study: Shiraz City)
Hosein Gharedaghi Zahra MakoolatiIntroduction: Identifying the most important factors of fire crisis in the fields of natural resources is of great importance. The purpose of this research is to identify and evaluate the most important influencing factors in dealing with fire in the fields of national MoreIntroduction: Identifying the most important factors of fire crisis in the fields of natural resources is of great importance. The purpose of this research is to identify and evaluate the most important influencing factors in dealing with fire in the fields of national resources (forests and rangeland) of Shiraz city by using the combined method of multi-criteria decision making and SWOT. Materials and Methods: The studied area is pastures and forests of Shiraz city. The research sample in this study consists of 20 officials and experts of the General Directorate of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Fars Province, 4 members of the academic staff of the University and Natural Resources Research Center of Fars Province, 5 members of the Board of Directors of Fars Natural Resources Users Cooperatives and there are a total of 29 people who were randomly selected from the target population of the research. The research questionnaire was prepared using experts' opinions. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the number of 8 points of internal strength was compared to 9 points of internal weakness. The sum of the internal factors is equal to 2.42, which indicates that the upcoming weaknesses will prevail over its strengths. The number of 9 external opportunities against 9 external threats was identified and examined. Given that the sum of external factors in this research is equal to 2.7, which indicates that the upcoming opportunities will overcome its threats. Conclusion: According to the obtained score, a conservative strategy(so) should be implemented, which aims to preserve and maintain the existing situation and use the strengths and overcome the weaknesses. The results of the hierarchical analysis showed that among the strengths, the coordination between the responsible bodies in firefighting, among the weaknesses is the criterion of lack of credit, among the opportunities is also the criterion of the development of facilities and equipment for firefighting, among the threats. The criterion of reducing the belonging of forest dwellers to nearby areas was proposed as a priority in the management of fire fighting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Investigation and analysis of the formation of the Shiraz school in painting and its effectsThis school in the architecture of Shiraz city
Mohammad Varasteh ٍElham DehghaniThe Shiraz school of painting is a type of painting and book design that emerged during the Al-Inju period with the support of powerful and wealthy art educators and reached its peak during the Timurid era. Since architecture is always a reflection of the culture and ar MoreThe Shiraz school of painting is a type of painting and book design that emerged during the Al-Inju period with the support of powerful and wealthy art educators and reached its peak during the Timurid era. Since architecture is always a reflection of the culture and art of that period in every period of history, and the transformations that took place in other areas of life and art were proportional to it, therefore, dealing with the historical and artistic background of the city in a situation It seems necessary to improve the quality of contemporary architecture. One of the important features of the Shiraz school is stage design, creating a balance between text and image, book design, and the use of small engravings. The artists of this school represented all the elements of Iranian thought and belief in the text and general intellectual and cultural context of the Islamic society of their time. In this regard, in this research, the researcher has tried to know as much as possible the principles and aesthetic values of Shiraz painting art and examines how it affects the architecture of Shiraz city. This research is of a descriptive-analytical type, which examines the painting of Shiraz and its relationship with the architecture of Shiraz through content analysis, and library and field methods were used to collect its materials, and by studying documents, historical books, texts Literature and observation have been used. The results of this research indicate the existence of works and evidences of the Shiraz School in the architecture of the old buildings of this city, such as the Narenjestan Garden and the Atiq Mosque, the evidences that state that the three texts of architecture, literature and paintings are connected to each other and complement each other's meaning. they do. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Evaluating the impact of social capital on place belonging in neighborhood environments (Case study: Shiraz city)
Mahshid mohammadebrahimiObjective: To evaluate the impact of social capital on place belonging in the neighborhoods of Shiraz. The research method is descriptive-analytical and its type is practical. The required information has been collected by two documentary and field methods (questionnair MoreObjective: To evaluate the impact of social capital on place belonging in the neighborhoods of Shiraz. The research method is descriptive-analytical and its type is practical. The required information has been collected by two documentary and field methods (questionnaire). The statistical population of the research includes the citizens of Shiraz in 2015 (1,569,534 people) and among them, using Cochran's formula, 322 people were selected as the sample size and distributed by simple random sampling method. Research indicators include dimensions of social capital and dimensions of place belonging . For statistical operations and data processing, SPSS software and analysis of the results of the questionnaire from t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used. The results show that the status of the social capital indicators and the components of the sense of place belonging is lower than the normal or average level. The results of Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that the highest correlation and relationship between the social cohesion index and the physical component was obtained from the dimension of spatial belonging at the rate of 0.731 with a confidence value of p=0.001. Also, the correlation coefficient for the indicators of participation, trust, sense of security and social cohesion with the spatial belonging dimension was 0.486, 0.685, 0.657 and 0.717, respectively. Also, it was found that from the point of view of social capital, the variables of social cohesion, sense of security and trust have a significant role and effect on the increase of place belonging in the residential environments of Shiraz city, and the variable of social cohesion has the most influence with a standard coefficient of 0.384. Is. After that, the priority of the beta coefficient or the standardized regression weight of the trust index was 0.232 and the sense of security index was 0.213. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluation of the effects of the components of the behavior settings in increasing the creativity of the students of architecture schools in Shiraz, case study :(Shiraz Azad University, Shiraz Non-profit Institute of Art, Shiraz Eram Non-profit Institute)
sara jowkar Masoume SazandehIn the spaces of architecture schools as an educational space, architecture students and professors come together to carry out activities, education and design. Different spaces, including studios, are suitable places for interaction, communication and design training. MoreIn the spaces of architecture schools as an educational space, architecture students and professors come together to carry out activities, education and design. Different spaces, including studios, are suitable places for interaction, communication and design training. On the other hand, creativity is vital and necessary for architecture students. According to the components of behavioral training, it can increase or decrease creativity in architecture students. In this research, which was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of behavioral camps in increasing the creativity of architecture students, three schools of architecture in Shiraz were selected as a case study. Among the case examples are Azad University, Shiraz Branch, Eram Shiraz Non-profit Institute and Shiraz Art Non-profit Institute. In the current research, information has been collected by relying on documentary and library studies. Then the components extracted from these studies have been examined. The statistical population of this research is architecture students of these faculties and the sample size is 120 students using Cochran's formula. The results of the questionnaire have been analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the research show that the component of holding classes in the open space has the greatest effect on increasing creativity in the eyes of students. After that, the dimension, size, and height component is the second most effective component, and at the end, the component of direct and indirect connection with open space has the least impact on increasing the creativity of architecture students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Examining and explaining the challenges of the administrative system in the third world
Motahara Salehi Abdolali KeshtegarDeveloping countries, growing societies, third world, are all titles to describe a group of countries that have economic, political, administrative, social, cultural, technical and technological similarities. One of the common aspects between third world countries is th MoreDeveloping countries, growing societies, third world, are all titles to describe a group of countries that have economic, political, administrative, social, cultural, technical and technological similarities. One of the common aspects between third world countries is the characteristics of the administrative system governing these societies and the problems caused by them. The mentioned characteristics are similar in a way that distinguishes these countries from other countries. The characteristics and problems of the administrative system governing such countries are fundamental, and its characteristics include common challenges that can reduce economic capabilities, reduce the quality of public services, weaken good governance and sustainable development. In this article, we present a framework for studies on the challenges and problems of the administrative system using the meta-combination method and using the PRISMA protocol. In this regard, 300 articles taken from the databases of Google Scholar, Elsevier, Science Direct, isi, mendeley, researchgate, were examined in the period of 2008 to 2023. After performing two stages of screening, 24 studies were identified as articles for deeper analysis, and finally, a study framework was presented in the challenges and problems of the administrative system. The results of the research indicated that policy-making is very vital to deal with the challenges of the administrative system in third world countries. In any planning, the approaches and solutions used are very important. Planning should be done according to the local conditions and specific characteristics of each country and region. It includes culture, history, and social and economic conditions. However, it is recommended to conduct more extensive studies in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Examining the effect of internal marketing on financial performance
behnoosh ahmadi shooli omid rasekhThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of internal marketing on improving financial performance. The research method is descriptive-correlation and the statistical population of this research includes 60 employees of Shiraz Chemical Industry Company, MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of internal marketing on improving financial performance. The research method is descriptive-correlation and the statistical population of this research includes 60 employees of Shiraz Chemical Industry Company, which is considered as a sample due to the smallness of the statistical population of this entire population and through non-random sampling method in available, were selected to respond to the research tools. The measurement tools in this research were standard questionnaires of financial performance (Shabankar, 1400) and internal marketing (Momeni and Forman, 2015). The validity of the questionnaires has been confirmed through its content and reliability using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was done using Lisrel software and calculation of Pearson's correlation coefficient, variance analysis test, and research hypotheses were tested using regression. The research results showed that there is a significant effect between internal marketing and improving financial performance. Today, internal marketing is known as a strategy for the implementation of the organization's plans, and all organizations must define a targeted framework based on internal marketing for the organization based on the organization's position and resources, so that finally, with its help, effective steps can be taken to improve financial performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A comparative study of the effects of environmental crime components on the behavior patterns of citizens in Shiraz city (case study of regions 2 & 6)
Maryam HaghpanahThe occurrence of anomalies, particularly crime, poses a significant challenge impacting both the appeal of urban public spaces and their environmental characteristics. Therefore, obtaining accurate knowledge about environmental features and devising appropriate plannin MoreThe occurrence of anomalies, particularly crime, poses a significant challenge impacting both the appeal of urban public spaces and their environmental characteristics. Therefore, obtaining accurate knowledge about environmental features and devising appropriate planning measures is crucial. This falls within the purview of planners, who are tasked with spatial and behavioral planning, followed by effective management.In this context, the current study aims to comparatively examine the factors influencing criminal behavior in areas with varying levels of safety within Shiraz city. To achieve this objective, the research employs descriptive-analytical and survey methods to collect necessary data, which is subsequently analyzed using T-test and regression analysis. The results reveal that, considering economic, social-cultural, and policing-management indicators, Regions 2 and 6 in Shiraz city exhibit no significant differences. However, when examining physical indicators, a notable distinction between the two regions becomes apparent. Analyzing citizens' opinions underscores the effectiveness and superiority of police-based approaches in addressing crime.Furthermore, a comparison of the physical components of the two regions demonstrates a significant disparity, emphasizing the importance of environmental design approaches alongside legal and policing strategies in areas prone to criminal activities in Shiraz. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Designing and measuring the optimal pattern of referral advertising process in Iranian society
mahsa mosalla Vahid Reza Mirabi Hassan EsmailpurReferral advertising allows brands to send their messages to their customers through people they trust. In referral ads, the customer receives the ad from someone he or she knows beforehand and gives him or her more confidence in knowing that the person in question is n MoreReferral advertising allows brands to send their messages to their customers through people they trust. In referral ads, the customer receives the ad from someone he or she knows beforehand and gives him or her more confidence in knowing that the person in question is not the ad recipient. The purpose of the present study is to identify the factors influencing the likelihood of a customer being advertised and accepting referral advertising on the social network of Instagram. The research method is by nature in the category of Mixed Method (qualitative and quantitative). In the first stage, 8 variables were identified as influencing factors on the likelihood of advertising referrals through interviewing social network users on Instagram and analyzing interview codes with the Thematic Analysis approach: Social Media Characteristics, Product Characteristics, Intermediary Role, Consumer Demographic Characteristics, Content Characteristics, Reference Motivation, Brand Relationship Strength, and Interpersonal Relationship Strength. In the second phase, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to users of the social networking Instagram. A total of 334 questionnaires were collected and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that all these factors had a positive effect on the probability of referral and the probability of acceptance of the referral advertisement. Also regarding the moderating variables, the results showed that the two groups of youth and the gender of women had the most reaction to the model stimuli. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Position of Baghdad Shurta Institution and Its Power (from Establishment till Early Buyid Period)
سید هاشم آقاجری علیرضا اشتری تفرشیBaghdad shurta was one of the most important governmentalinstitutions in Iraq region during Abbasid caliphate. Alluding to thestory of the formation of this institution and some of its specialfeatures, this article is to consider different political motivations forbein MoreBaghdad shurta was one of the most important governmentalinstitutions in Iraq region during Abbasid caliphate. Alluding to thestory of the formation of this institution and some of its specialfeatures, this article is to consider different political motivations forbeing in control of Baghdad Police; influence of different authoritiesand politicians and their politics on it; backgrounds and ways throughthem political changes and competitions affected the prevalentprocedures of its management, such as choosing its chief; and itsfields of activity and duties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - On the Manipulations of Hājī Zayn al-Aṭṭār Shīrāzī's Son in His Father's Ikhtiyārāt-e Badī‘ī, His Identity and Sources
Younes KaramatiIn the numerous manuscripts of the Ikhtiyārāt-e Badī‘ī, there are significant differences of various origins that make it very difficult to publish a critical edition of this book. The most important differences are the relatively large number of notes by “I MoreIn the numerous manuscripts of the Ikhtiyārāt-e Badī‘ī, there are significant differences of various origins that make it very difficult to publish a critical edition of this book. The most important differences are the relatively large number of notes by “Ibn-e Mo'allif” (son of the author) in a considerable number of manuscripts of Ikhtiyārāt, which are also included in uncritical editions of it; some have even considered these notes as Hājī Zayn al-Aṭṭār's citations from one of his sons; but this son added these notes gradually, or at three or more stages, after the death of his father, at least until 850 AH /1446 AD. Ḥusayn ibn Ali ibn Ḥusayn Ansārī’s extensive use of Ikhtiyārāt in Dastūr al-Aṭebbā min ḳawā’id al-Ḥokamā (compiled in 839 AH), along with the scribing of two manuscripts of Ikhtiyārāt with the most of Ibn-e Mo'allif additional notes (in 846 and 850 AH), makes us consider him the same Ibn-e Mo'allif. Most of these additions contain other names (especially local Shirazi names), unusual properties, morphology, essence, and types of each drug. A number of them, especially the additions related to Shiraz and Fārs, are the result of Ibn-e Mo'allif personal experiences, and a number of others are taken from often untold sources. Comparing these additions with possible sources, it can be seen that Ibn-e Mo'allif has used Kāshānī’s ‘Arāyis al-Jawāhir wa Nafāyes al-’Atāyeb in the subject of gems and perfumes, and in the case of perfumes, Bīrūnī’s Ṣaydanah (which, of course, he has quoted from it in other positions). In adding material to the compound medicaments book, he has used Ḥunayn Ibn Isḥāḳ’s al-Masā’il fi al-Ṭib and its commentary by Ibn Abī Ṣadeḳ Neyshāburī. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Factors Affecting Divergence of Anatolian Sufi Turkomans from the Ottomans
Mahdi Jamalifar Mahdi Ebadigreat convergence of the Ottomans due to their presence and role in the Ottoman Empire's establishment and evolution and its rise as a powerful state, notwithstanding the divergent nature of their life. Therefore, the nomadic and semi-nomadic Turkomans of Anatolia, foll Moregreat convergence of the Ottomans due to their presence and role in the Ottoman Empire's establishment and evolution and its rise as a powerful state, notwithstanding the divergent nature of their life. Therefore, the nomadic and semi-nomadic Turkomans of Anatolia, followers of popular Sufism led by the Sufi dervishes, had agreeable relations with the first Ottoman sultans. Gradually, historical developments changed this trend. The Ottomans conquered Constantinople in the second half of the ninth century AH and moved their capital to it. Following this conquest, the Ottoman bureaucracy underwent a new stage of evolution and development. Moreover, the Ottomans' policies towards the Turkomans, the Ottoman state's former founders, changed radically. This was while a large population of Turkomans emphasized the nomadic ways and traditions of life. According to this study, Ottoman bureaucracy's development in the post-conquest period of Istanbul, headed by the three institutions of Timar, Devshirme, and School, presented a crucial role in isolating the Turkomans. Besides, Ottoman centralism policy in the face of the nomadic and semi-nomadic Turkomans and the humiliation of these groups by the Ottoman society's elites reinforced the Sufi Turkmens' divergence from the Ottomans and caused their convergence of the Safavids Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Sūfi Criticism in Safavīd Era: A Comparison between Mullāh Muhammad Tahir Qumi and Allāmih Madjlisī Points of View
helia menshari Fahimeh Mokhber DezfouliWith the recognition of the Twelver Shiite and the presence of Shi’i scholars in the Safavid court, the Sufis power was diminished. During the second period of Safavid reign, the attempt of the Safavid kings to break free of Qizilbash sovereignty, which began in t MoreWith the recognition of the Twelver Shiite and the presence of Shi’i scholars in the Safavid court, the Sufis power was diminished. During the second period of Safavid reign, the attempt of the Safavid kings to break free of Qizilbash sovereignty, which began in the early Safavid period, became more and more and also accompanied by anti-Sufis movement of Shia scholars. The emergence of a kind of vulgarian Sufism provoked the opposition of Shi’i scholars even more and sometimes created a competition between them. Those factors led to the formation of a literature and writing of some books, which in one side were Shia jurists and on the other side Sufis. Some of those books were in the form of treatises criticizing Sufis beliefs and customs, such as Tuhfat-al-akhyar of Mullah Mohammad Tahir Qumi. And other books were generally religious included verses and narrations for Shia which in a chapter or chapters criticized Sufis’ beliefs. Among those books, we can mention ‘Ayn al-Hayat by Allamih Majlisi. The present study will explain the cultural atmosphere of the Safavid period by reviewing the anti-Sufism opinions of the two famous scholars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Quasi monoenergetic electron bunch generation by frequency variation laser pulse in magnetized plasma
Azadeh Ahmadian -
Open Access Article
16 - Design and construction of a tunable pulsed Ti:sapphire laser
Omid Panahi Majid Nazeri Seyed Hassan Tavassoli -
Open Access Article
17 - Antibacterial effect, structural characterization, and some applications of silver chiral nano-flower sculptured thin films
Hadi Savaloni Fatemh Haydari-Nasab Abbas Abbas-Rohollahi -
Open Access Article
18 - Resonant third harmonic generation of super-Gaussian laser beam in a rippled density plasma
Lalita Devi Hitendra K. Malik -
Open Access Article
19 - Large-Scale Park Site Selection for Urban Centers Using Three-Stage Analytic Hierarchy/Network Process (case study: region 8 of Shiraz city)
Alireza Pakfetrat Masoud Taghvaei Asghar ZarrabiThe central area of any cities is of critical importance in the process of urban sustainable development. Diversity of land uses is an inevitable characteristic of a lively and dynamic urban center. These various land uses should support each other and need to be locate MoreThe central area of any cities is of critical importance in the process of urban sustainable development. Diversity of land uses is an inevitable characteristic of a lively and dynamic urban center. These various land uses should support each other and need to be located in appropriate locations. In urban centers with different activities, public green spaces underpin urban sustainability and increase quality of life. In fact, nowadays there is an increased need for qualified and well-located public green spaces, in particular parks, in these areas. Therefore, green space site planning is amongst the most important of all management decisions for environmental and urban planners in a city. Reliable site planning is indispensable to the decision-making processes involved in developing urban green spaces supporting sustainable development. If making the decision reflects on a rationale based on proper information and research, then a higher level of community satisfaction is expected. In fact, if an appropriate site is selected based on a comprehensive integrated approach which considers all feasible effects, most of citizens' aspirations will be fulfilled. However, the multi-criteria nature of site selection for such spaces makes this issue so much complicated that it cannot be resolved using conventional managerial methods and tools. Considering the multidimensional structure (like social, economic, environmental, ecological or planning dimensions) and multi-functionality (such as utilization, employment, preservation, etc.) of green spaces, green space site planning is a decision under a variety of factors and can be viewed as a multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. Therefore, with reference to the use of multi-criteria decision-making process for urban green space optimum site planning along with a more sustainable development path, a very important role is played by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and by its generalization to feedback networks, the Analytic Network Process (ANP). In addition to AHP and ANP approaches, which are both comprehensive to harmonize and deal with different aspects of sustainable urban green space site planning, GIS is also best suited for handling a wide range of criteria data at multi-spatial, multi-temporal and multi-scale from different sources for a multi-criteria analysis. Finally, from the viewpoint of all the above approaches and their benefits, this article studies the development of urban green spaces in the central area of Shiraz metropolitan area, Iran based on a comparison of different sites by developing a decision support system using a three-stage procedure based on integrated GIS Analytic/Hierarchy Process. Moreover, in order to select the alternatives, the methods of analytical hierarchy process and analytic network process have been comparatively studied. The results indicate that the models would yield the same output; however, the analytic network process works more on efficiently for this purpose. Overall, empirical findings indicate that the research approach can be used for future sustainable development in establishing standard decision-making procedures in urban green planning and management. Therefore, urban planners and managers can use this research result for choosing a more comprehensive mathematical tool for complex decision and rational judgment around the selection of land use location choices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Significance of “Landmarks” in Analysis of the Components of “Identity” and “Culture” in the Image of Iranian City (Case Study: Image of Shiraz City)
Tahereh NasrCity with culture-oriented pattern can’t be implemented anywhere in the field. Identity is an important factor that shapes the townscape. A townscape is a collection of natural and man-made factors that have been formed under the influence of special natural, cultural, MoreCity with culture-oriented pattern can’t be implemented anywhere in the field. Identity is an important factor that shapes the townscape. A townscape is a collection of natural and man-made factors that have been formed under the influence of special natural, cultural, social and economic characteristics of that given town and it's the place of materialization of the special characteristics of that town. On the other hand, urban spaces can be reminded people the symbolic aspects of culture and history. In facing with the appearance of modern towns, one sees a crisis caused by the disproportion of spaces to their current functions, composition of inconsistent uses, uniformity and lack of dynamism in urban spaces. This paper describes the concept of identity and culture. In terms of cultural identity can affect the townscape and the face of the city. Research Objectives: 1- What factors play a role in physical identity of Iranian historical cities? 2- How can the component “culture” influence on the physical identity of Iranian cities? 3- Can the cultural identity components of cities be proposed as the landmarks and signs in the historical cities? Research Hypothesis: 1- Cities’ cultural identity components can be presented as symbols in historical cities. 2- Attention to the culture concept in the form and sense of today Iranian cities can be controlled cities’ image identity crisis effectively. Research Methodology: The method explored in components of the physical identity of Shiraz city is a descriptive – analytical and field method to gather information and documents are available. Results: The results of this study show that the towns have an appearance in which uniformity of the urban fabrics, inconsistency between the apparent form of the space and its meaning, inattention to the notion of form and meaning in our culture is observable and consequently, there are forms that have no meaning. In addition, research suggests that the consequences of belonging to a place in the Iranian city of proving spatial identity. So, the components of cultural identity of the city can be considered as signs or landmarks of the historical cities. Urban semiotics are considered as a valuable tool for the representation of the cultural identity components in urban areas. According to the results, the following suggestions can be considered in the cultural sphere of urban design: 1- Recreating and revival Iranian historical cities with respect to the cities’ natural, synthetic and human identity components. 2- Strengthening of historical cities’ textures interoperability with the approach of regeneration of cultural identity components of cities. 3- Locating of urban landmarks and elements of town squares as a contiguous cognitive and perceptual map for strengthening the cities’ cultural components. 4- Taking advantage of peoples’ memories and appropriate concepts to design of signs, landmarks and elements. 5- Creating the cultural spaces with the appropriate functioning of the cultural dynamics of neighborhoods and cities. 6- Highlight the urban elements and landmarks form with the proper use of materials and colors appropriate to the climate and the cultural identity of each city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Cohering central part of Shiraz Urban design guidelines toward a more coherent urban form based on complexity theory
Hossein Bahrainy Mehran ForoughifarOld cities of Iran have different qualities that some of them cannot be seen in contemporary cities. Experiencing the invasion of cars and people’s new life style during the last century, old cities lost their forms and functions, gradually. Such changes caused new chal MoreOld cities of Iran have different qualities that some of them cannot be seen in contemporary cities. Experiencing the invasion of cars and people’s new life style during the last century, old cities lost their forms and functions, gradually. Such changes caused new challenges and demands by which various qualities of old cities has been altered or vanished forever, as urban cohesion and wholeness. Cohesion and wholeness are two related concepts where the former one is a fundamental condition to reach the later one. In this paper, wholeness is defined as an integrated system, consisted of different elements and their relations which can tolerate no changes, since a trivial one may change it into another system. Moreover, cohesion is considered as an important quality of relations between different elements of the whole. Although cohesion can be seen with various scales in different layers of cities, the layer we emphasize on in this paper is the built environment. For theoretical frame work of this paper we used complexity theory with emphasis on Christopher Alexander and Nikos Salingaros theories about wholeness and coherent urban form. We extracted principals of urban coherence to evaluate the cohesion of central part of Shiraz and to make design guidelines to achieve cohesion. These principle are: coupling, diversity, boundary, forces, organization, hierarchy, interdependence, and decomposition. And also a wide range of valid records, documents, and maps are used which enabled us to illustrate the main structure of this old city, before its destruction in Pahlavi era. Taking into account all of these principles, we focused on these questions: does cohesion exist in the ancient area of this city? Can we find some application of these principals in old city that could be as a foundation for design guidelines? As our first contribution, we used the principles and evaluated their existence by applying them to an old area of Shiraz city which dates back to the Zand era. Due to our promising results, mentioned principles can be seen in old city. On one hand, the existence of these principles in the old city means that the old area follows the rules of complex system theory so it emphasizes that the old area is a coherent area. On the other hand, it suggests some design principals and patterns that can be considered as a foundation for design guidelines towards cohering and coupling contemporary city. Our second contribution is a design guideline for cohering contemporary cities by connecting two adjacent areas. These guidelines are: complementarity of adjacent areas, increasing the permeability of area in its edges, reducing unlimited views, reducing parcel size of edges, reducing the distance between adjacent areas, increasing the permeability of edge parcels, priority of pedestrian movements, increasing the diversity of functions, increasing the diversity of forms, and increase the homogeneity of parcels in a street. By using these guidelines we can increase the connectivity of two adjacent areas in the first step and increase the cohesion of the whole city in the last step. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - an Integrated Method for Detailed Plans' Assessment : Case study, Region 6 of the Detailed Plan of Shiraz
Behnaz Aminzadeh سمیه رودکیAn Integrated Method for Detailed Plans’ assessments by using Plan process Result (PPR) and process Policy-plan/Program Implementation) PPIP) Case study: Region 6 of Shiraz Detailed Plan Detailed plan is the most guiding and systematic tool for implementation of a MoreAn Integrated Method for Detailed Plans’ assessments by using Plan process Result (PPR) and process Policy-plan/Program Implementation) PPIP) Case study: Region 6 of Shiraz Detailed Plan Detailed plan is the most guiding and systematic tool for implementation of a city master plan. Despite of its importance certain evaluation of its efficiency has rarely been done. In order to fulfill the objectives of a detailed plan, its success, strengths and weaknesses should be scientifically assessed. There is a gap between planning of a detailed plan and its execution, resulting from the missing link in the process of urban planning and the implementation of urban plans. Therefore, to achieve a dynamic continuous and flexible planning and minimize the gap, the evaluation of detailed plans before and during the process of its implementation is a necessary task for urban managers. This paper aims to assess the detailed plan of region 6 of shiraz by using an integrated method. By studying comprehensive methods for evaluating urban plans and reviewing the literature related to the different methods and techniques, a combination of the two methods of "Plan Process Result" and "Plan/Policy Implementation Program" are selected for assessment the efficiency of the mentioned case study. The next step was to introduce and select the suitable evaluation criteria according to the situation and the conditions of the detailed plan of Shiraz (region 6). The detailed plan of Shiraz was first prepared by one of the consulting urban planning firm in 1372 and revised in 1383. The main aim of this new plan in regard to region 6 was to reinforce and enhance the importance of the this region in the West of Shiraz. To do this , the objectives of improvements of physical, environmental and social and urban management based on public participation was considered To gather and analysis the data needed for the study, different techniques had been used such as content analysis of master and detailed plans related to the selected criteria, interview techniques and some field studies. Factor analysis and analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (S.W.O.T) and AHP method are used for examination of the procedures. The results of the study shows that the conformity, internal and external consistency have gained high score in relation to other criteria such as connectivity, urban development direction, human and financial resources and user participation which the two latter have got the lowest scores. AHP method was selected for determining the weight of the criteria the scores are as below: conformity (./26), internal consistency ( ./38), connectivity (./.96), external consistency (./145), Urban development direction )./.43), human and financial resources and commitments ( ./.27) and public participation (./.41) . To reduce the deficiency of detailed plans, it is recommended to use social plans for a better public participation in urban planning. Also an systematic approach and providing strategic plans instead of physical plan are useful. Increasing financial resources and paying attention to local organization are the most important tools for managing the implementation of detailed plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Impact of Speed on Transformations of Urban Structures in Global and Iranian Scale (Case Study: Shiraz City)
Azadeh Pourtazak seyed hossein bahreiny mohammad naghizadeSpeed as a matter of mobility lies at the core of the modernity. It overcomes the physical distances by various modes of transportation, and is able to distribute data and information through telecommunication tools. Generally, the challenge created by speed is its sudd MoreSpeed as a matter of mobility lies at the core of the modernity. It overcomes the physical distances by various modes of transportation, and is able to distribute data and information through telecommunication tools. Generally, the challenge created by speed is its sudden and hasty effect in a physical or even virtual environment which can lead to non conformities and a kind of disruption in present function of the system and would be harmful to the new agent, the environment itself or other users of it. So the pervasive impact of speed in changing communities and the human settlements is revealed. In detailed point of view, the study of variety of technological tools and the plurality of physical infrastructures in Shiraz urban structure shows the emergence of multiple speeds that led to the complexity, extension and dispersion of the city. Therefore, this amount of change in a short period of time caused a serious problem especially in measurement and evaluation of the city's structure. On this basis, the goal of this article is to gain a comprehensive view of speed, furthermore achieving an interrelationship between speed and urban structure is considered. This is investigated and analyzed through four speed ages extracted in both global and national scale. The objectives would be obtaining the urban corridors in the structure of Shiraz city in four speed ages which has the highest potential of mobility and this is coinciding with the definition of speed extracted in the epochs mentioned before. The proof of this claim is performed through space syntax analysis and its most practical criterion which is called the integration value. Moreover, in order to carry out a comprehensive and detailed investigation of speed in the present age, the study of different modes of transportation comprised of bus corridors, special taxi corridors and metro stations is done. Also the network analysis in physical context which has been done through space syntax, is applied. Besides, the virtual infrastructure of two main telephone portables in Iranian networks including Irancell and MCI coverage is studied. The overlapping of the above maps results the multi mobility-multi speed corridors in the structure of Shiraz which is comprised of a wide range of speed between minimum and maximum rate in the categories of natural speed, mechanical speed and virtual speed. These corridors achieve their multi functional characteristics through a historical and evolutionary process. The aforementioned corridors are the main streets ending to the five entrances of Shiraz city, number of corridors agglomerated in central part of city, and many east-west corridors versus few north-south corridors scattered in different city directions. As a result, in order to make a coherent and integrated structure, it is important to consider proper distribution of corridors in the north-south direction along with east-west direction also making an appropriate connection between these directions is suggested. The augmentation and reinforcement of south and east corridors together with north and west, also strengthening and emphasizing on the corridors connected to the peripheral settlements is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Evaluation of Privacy in Different Types of Spatial Structure of Traditional Iranian Houses Base on the Space Syntax Mathematical Analysis (Case Study: Shiraz Qajar Houses)
Najmeh Zangeneh Hamed Moztarzadeh Malihe Taghipour Tahereh NasrAccording to rapports, since home construction is cultural, its form and organization are also influenced by the culture that the home is a product of. In this way, traditional Iranian architecture can be described as full of concepts that are based on Iranian religious MoreAccording to rapports, since home construction is cultural, its form and organization are also influenced by the culture that the home is a product of. In this way, traditional Iranian architecture can be described as full of concepts that are based on Iranian religious culture and beliefs. One of the most important concepts that influence the formation of traditional Iranian houses is the concept of privacy. Unfortunately, in today's construction, the conception of privacy is ignored. In fact, in the current century, the concept of privacy has been a victim of economic and social factors, and priority for building spaces that create privacy gradually decreased. The result has been the construction of alien homes with indigenous culture. Therefore, although people live in modern houses and try to adapt to modern architecture, they still consider a traditional home a desirable home. Accordingly, since the home is the most private place for each person, it is one of the main places, where makes essential privacy. Thus, traditional home reviews, where the concept of privacy is well respected, can help architects to apply this principle in today's housing architecture. In this regard, given that traditional houses of the warm and dry climate of Iran are built as a courtyard, and the organization of the spaces around the courtyard is based on different patterns, the most common of which is the organization of the four types of patterns. These patterns include two sides of construction (two opposing masses), two sides of construction (two perpendicular masses), three sides of construction, and four sides of the construction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the privacy of these four patterns in Qajar houses in Shiraz. The research method used in this study is quantitative-qualitative, and the tools used in analyzing houses are mathematical space syntax. Such that, initially eight Qajar houses were selected, and after identifying the three characteristics of introversion, hierarchy, and locating for privacy, at first the houses graphs were extracted by A-Graph software, then these three privacy factors are based on space syntax tools, including, integration, connectivity, relative mean depth, relative asymmetry, real relative asymmetry, and accessibility were analyzed. The research results show that, on the one hand, the concept of privacy as an integral concept in traditional Iranian architecture, in all the patterns of the Qajar houses of Shiraz, the architects have been of interest. On the other hand, based on the analysis, by increasing the mass-to-space ratio from two sides to four sides, the amount of introversion, hierarchy, and locating has increased. This indicates that in the Qajar houses of Shiraz, the pattern of the four sides of the building has the highest amount of privacy than other patterns. This is due to the possibility of separating public and private territories, increasing the depth, and building nested spaces on each side. Moreover, the findings of the study suggest that, in all construction patterns, the least privacy concerns first the courtyard space and then the guest space, and on the contrary, most privacy concerns the bedroom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The Significance of “Landmarks” in Analysis of the Components of “Identity” and “Culture” in the Image of Iranian City (Case Study: Image of Shiraz City)
Tahereh NasrA City with culture-oriented pattern can’t be implemented anywhere in the field. Identity is an important factor that shapes the townscape. A townscape is a collection of natural and man-made factors that have been formed under the influence of special natural, cu MoreA City with culture-oriented pattern can’t be implemented anywhere in the field. Identity is an important factor that shapes the townscape. A townscape is a collection of natural and man-made factors that have been formed under the influence of special natural, cultural, social and economic characteristics of that given town and it's the place of materialization of the special characteristics of that town. On the other hand, urban spaces can reminde people of the symbolic aspects of culture and history. In facing with the appearance of modern towns, one sees a crisis caused by the disproportion of spaces to their current functions, composition of inconsistent uses, uniformity and lack of dynamism in urban spaces. This paper describes the concept of identity and culture. In terms of that cultural identity can affect the townscape and the face of the city. Objective of reasearch is to know these following questions, What factors play a role in physical identity of Iranian historical cities? How can the component culture influence on the physical identity of Iranian cities? And Can the cultural identity components of cities be proposed as the landmarks and signs in the historical cities? This research has two hypothesis, firstly Cities’ cultural identity components can be presented as symbols in historical cities. And secondly Attention to the culture concept in the form and sense of today Iranian cities can be controlled cities’ image identity crisis effectively. The method explored in components of the physical identity of Shiraz city is a descriptive – analytical and field method to gather information and documents are available. Results of this study shows that the towns have an appearance in which uniformity of the urban fabrics, inconsistency between the apparent form of the space and its meaning, inattention to the notion of form and meaning in our culture is observable and consequently, there are forms that have no meaning. In addition, research suggests that the consequences of belonging to a place in the Iranian city of proving spatial identity. So, the components of cultural identity of the city can be considered as signs or landmarks of the historical cities. Urban semiotics are considered as a valuable tool for the representation of the cultural identity components in urban areas. According to the results, the following suggestions can be considered in the cultural sphere of urban design. Recreating and revival Iranian historical cities with respect to the cities’ natural, synthetic and human identity components; Strengthening of historical cities’ textures interoperability with the approach of regeneration of cultural identity components of cities; Locating of urban landmarks and elements of town squares as a contiguous cognitive and perceptual map for strengthening the cities’ cultural components; Taking advantage of peoples’ memories and appropriate concepts to design of signs, landmarks and elements; Creating the cultural spaces with the appropriate functioning of the cultural dynamics of neighborhoods and cities and Highlight the urban elements and landmarks form with the proper use of materials and colors appropriate to the climate and the cultural identity of each city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - An Integrated Method for Assessments of Detailed Plans by Using Plan Process Result (PPR) and Process Policy-Plan/Program Implementation (PPIP) (Case Study: Region 6 of Shiraz Detailed Plan)
Behnaz Aminzade Somayeh RoodakiDetailed plan is the most guiding and systematic tool for implementation of a city master plan. Despite of its importance certain evaluation of its efficiency has rarely been done. In order to fulfill the objectives of a detailed plan, its success, strengths and weaknes MoreDetailed plan is the most guiding and systematic tool for implementation of a city master plan. Despite of its importance certain evaluation of its efficiency has rarely been done. In order to fulfill the objectives of a detailed plan, its success, strengths and weaknesses should be scientifically assessed. There is a gap between planning of a detailed plan and its execution, resulting from the missing link in the process of urban planning and the implementation of urban plans. Therefore, to achieve a dynamic continuous and flexible planning and minimize the gap, the evaluation of detailed plans before and during the process of its implementation is a necessary task for urban managers. This paper aims to assess the detailed plan of region 6 of Shiraz by using an integrated method. By studying comprehensive methods for evaluating urban plans and reviewing the literature related to the different methods and techniques, a combination of the two methods of "Plan Process Result" and "Plan/Policy Implementation Program" are selected for assessment the efficiency of the mentioned case study. The next step was to introduce and select the suitable evaluation criteria according to the situation and the conditions of the detailed plan of region 6. The detailed plan of Shiraz was first prepared by one of the consulting urban planning firm in 1372 and revised in 1383. The main aim of this new plan with regard to region 6 was to enhance the importance of the region in the West of Shiraz. To do this, the objectives of improvements of physical, environmental, social and urban management based on public participation were considered To gather and analysis the data needed for the study, different techniques had been used such as content analysis of master and detailed plans related to the selected criteria, interview techniques and some field studies. Factor analysis and analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (S.W.O.T) and also AHP method are used for examination of the procedures. The results of the study show that the conformity, internal and external consistency have gained high score in relation to other criteria such as connectivity, urban development direction, human and financial resources and user participation which the two latter have got the lowest scores. AHP method was selected for determining the weight of the criteria the scores are as below: conformity(./26), internal consistency (./38), connectivity (./.96), external consistency (./145), Urban development direction(./.43), human and financial resources and commitments ( ./.27) and public participation(./.41). To reduce the deficiency of detailed plans, it is recommended to use social plans for a better public participation in urban planning. Also a systematic approach and providing strategic plans instead of physical plant are useful. Increasing financial resources and paying attention to local organization are the most important tools for managing the implementation of detailed plans. The results In addition to examining the strengths and weaknesses of the preparation and implementation of the detailed plan, the process of urban detailed project evaluation suggests that it can be used in the evaluation of similar projects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Recognizing of Theoretical Trends in Relation to Urban Public Spaces
Khashayar Kashani Jou At the beginning of the third millennium, urban public spaces as third places are focal points of urban design activities. They play an important role in social interactions. Public spaces belong to all citizens and they are not only defined by physical aspects b More At the beginning of the third millennium, urban public spaces as third places are focal points of urban design activities. They play an important role in social interactions. Public spaces belong to all citizens and they are not only defined by physical aspects but also by human activities. Public spaces have a long history in urban development process and structures of the most cities have been formed around them. After industrial revolution, urban public spaces lost their main function because of emerging of automobile and so new concepts propounded. Since three decades ago, as a result of developing ICT and increasing public interests, quality issues in urban spaces have been considered so much more than before. These factors have led to diverse theoretical trends in related to urban public spaces by different theorists. The aim of this paper is reviewing viewpoints of the most important experts related to urban public spaces and categorizing them. For this purpose, a documentary research method through valid resources and a comparative analysis process have been applied. In this order, after studying the last concepts, theorists related to public spaces have been divided into six topics: environmental-sustainability, spatial-visual cognition, social interactions, pedestrian-orientation, security and human scale, and environmental-behavioral effects. While a theorist may have discussed about the subject from different aspects, but in this research, he (she) has been classified based on his (her) most predominant trend. Accordingly, Serge Chermayeff, Graham Haughton, Colin Hunter, Hugh Barton and Richard Rogers in environmental-sustainability trend, Sitte, Cullen, Rob Krier, Rossi, Christopher Alexander, Cliff Moughtin, Ali Madanipour and Jahanshah Pakzad in spatial-visual cognition trend, Arendt, Zucker, Jane Jacobs, William Whyte, Jan Gehl, Oldenburg and C.C. Marcus in social interactions trends, Garnier, Speiregen, Halprin, Bacon, Bill Hillier and Michael E.Arth in pedestrian orientation trend, Mammford, Francis Tibbalds, Andres Duany, Plater-Zyberk, Peter Katz, Zeninca and Bernan in security and human scale trend, Lynch, Rapoport, Romedi Passini, More, Jon Lang and Hossein Bahreini in environmental-behavioral effects trend have been classified. The results show that there has been diverse and variable trends related to urban public spaces specially in the last century. So, the most significant contemporary related theories can be categorized based on their dominant trend into three main periods: from late 19th century to 1960, from 1960 to 1990 and from 1990 until now. In the first period, theorists have been emphasized on spatial and visual cognition in public spaces. So, concepts such as artistic principles of city planning, townscape, serial vision and architecture of the city were dominated. While in the second period, the focus has been on environmental- behavioral effects, strengthening social interactions and developing pedestrian-orientation in urban spaces. Theories like third place, monumental plaza, way finding, city image, space syntax and new pedestrianism are the most important concepts in this period. Finally, in the last period, security-oriented and human-scale designing of public realms in addition to environmental considerations and sustainability issues have become more important. Sustainable city and new urbanism are the main theories in this recent period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Evaluation the Role of Factors Affecting the Feasibility of Urban Development Plans through Structural Equation Model (A Case Study in Shiraz City)
Naser Rezaei Hamid Majedi Zahra Sadat Saeideh Zarabadi Hossein Zabihi -
Open Access Article
29 - The Effect of Vitality Aspect on the Intimacy Feeling of Shiraz Urban Neighborhoods Inhabitants
Shahrad PourMohammad Seyyed Alireza Shojaei Hossein Kalantari Khalil Abad Masoud Taghvaei -
Open Access Article
30 - Investigating the Role of Urban Landscaping in the Perception of Collective Spaces Using Perceptual Potentials (Case study: Third Square of Tehranpars)
Saeed Sharif kazemi Haleh Hosseinpour -
Open Access Article
31 - Role of the Third Place in Recognition of Environmental Perception Theories
Mohammadreza Mohammadi Vosough Toktam Hanaee -
Open Access Article
32 - Analysis a Development Framework for Urban Heritage Conservation Versus Development Trends in Shiraz, Iran
Alireza Andalib Alireza Abdolahzadefard -
Open Access Article
33 - Evaluation of New Urbanism Principles: Hybrid AHP-TOPSIS Multi-Criteria Analysis Framework (Case Study: Neighborhoods of Historical Zone of Shiraz)
Samira Abbasi Ahmad Saeednia -
Open Access Article
34 - A Comparative Study on Gardens of Isfahan and Shiraz From Sustainability View (Case Studies: Gardens of Hashtbehesht and Jahannama)
Honey Fadaie Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani -
Open Access Article
35 - Analyzing the American laws and regulations regarding privatizing and providing Access for third party to Oil and Gas Pipelines and Facilities in the USA
Atefe Ghasemi Mehdi Piri Alireza HasaniIn the mid of 19th century, the oil and gas industry has been known as one the most profitable industries in the United States of America. Besides the economic importance, the other most important topic that must be considered and analyzed is the transportation of oil a MoreIn the mid of 19th century, the oil and gas industry has been known as one the most profitable industries in the United States of America. Besides the economic importance, the other most important topic that must be considered and analyzed is the transportation of oil and gas products through pipelines and other transportation methods, creating access for third parties, how to keep this market and industry competitive and how to protect the environment against oil and gas pollution. This article has analyzed the most important laws and regulation enacted by the Congress and other outstanding governmental regulatory agencies and foundations regarding privatizing and creating access for third parties to the pipelines and has concluded that the base and philosophy of these regulation is to require the governments of states and system operators of private sectors to provide non-discriminative with reasonable tariffs for the demanders in this industry and market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The concept, nature and effects of the obligation on third parties
Amir baraniThe principle of the autonomy of the will declares that a person’s will is the main source of obligations. Consequently, the will of another person doesn’t result in an obligation against or in favor (of) that person. However, the necessity of creating a con MoreThe principle of the autonomy of the will declares that a person’s will is the main source of obligations. Consequently, the will of another person doesn’t result in an obligation against or in favor (of) that person. However, the necessity of creating a contract such as insurance and collective contracts in addition to social needs has led to this principle being addressed in some specifications. One of the most important Exceptions is the obligation on third parties. But what are the meaning(s), nature and effects of this specification? Contrary to the belief of some writers, the obligation on third parties is, in fact, making a person obligor whose will doesn’t play a role in creating that obligation. Regarding the nature of this entity, it should be noted that the obligation against third party is theoretically subject to the general rules of unauthorized transactions. Therefore, until it’s confirmed, an obligation will not arise for that person, unless the legislator explicitly assumes the obligations resulting from people’s will for another person Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Market Structure and Social Costs in Cement Industry: The Case study of Iran
سید شمس الدین حسینی سمیه دودانگهThis paper aims to highlight the structure of cement market in Iran and show how it has performed in the past, particularly over period of 2000 - 2007. Following the new policy guidelines notified by the supreme leader of Iran, I republic, pertaining the article 44 of T MoreThis paper aims to highlight the structure of cement market in Iran and show how it has performed in the past, particularly over period of 2000 - 2007. Following the new policy guidelines notified by the supreme leader of Iran, I republic, pertaining the article 44 of The Constitution, it deemed necessary to carry out studies evaluating the viability these corporation exposed to market forces. The rationale behind this new policy was to expedite the divestment process of state owned corporations to private entities as a step to enhance an environment of competitiveness in the economy, and also to promote productivity , social welfare and so forth, As such, this study aims to fill this gap. To delineate the structure of Cement market, techniques such as Concentration index, Hirfindal-Hirshman index, and Entropy (both cases of including not including ownership effect) indexes are used. In the case Entropy including ownership effect, the result shows that over the period under study, the concentration ratio of top four firms were between 74 and 84 percent, and that of Herfindhal-Hirshman index was between 2018 and 2501 unit and Entropy index was between 0.74 and 0.83. In the case Entropy excluding ownership effect, the above observation can not be maintained. To measure social cost inflicted by Cement Industry Activities, Cowling-Mueller Method, was used. Cost function for cement industry (comprising of 10 firms) was estimated in an Integral Data Pattern Format using data covering the period of 2000 to 2007. Then, based on the information, the total cost of above mentioned firms, their price deviation from total cost, and the total welfare costs of the industry as a whole were calculated. The results of above calculations show that the welfare loss resulted from monopoly of these 10 firms, amounts to 44 percent of sale value. Moreover, economics of scale was taken care of while estimating marginal cost and average cost in this industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Ethnography of Development Sociology
Lucky Osaretin Odia -
Open Access Article
39 - Social Stratification and Negation of Ethnocentrism in Saadi’s Gulistan and Bustan
Parviz Mohammadi Kamal Ghalandari -
Open Access Article
40 - A Stealthy Freedom and Sociological Effects In Only Goodness: A Work by Jhumpa Lahiri
Atefeh Lieaghat Fatemeh Aziz Mohammadi Mozhgan YarAhmaddi -
Open Access Article
41 - Merchandising Effect on Customer Satisfaction and Decision (Case Study: Shiraz Chain Stores)
Razia Azodi Fazlollah KazemiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Merchandising (Marketing) on customers' satisfaction and purchasing decisions in chain stores in Shiraz. The current research is applied in terms of target and in terms of collecting causal research information MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Merchandising (Marketing) on customers' satisfaction and purchasing decisions in chain stores in Shiraz. The current research is applied in terms of target and in terms of collecting causal research information. In this study, using a field research method and using a standardized questionnaire for collecting data. The statistical population is all customers of chain stores in Shiraz. In this study, a one-stage cluster sampling method was used. A sample of 385 questionnaires was used for this research. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a number of experts from the statistical community and marketing professors. The findings of the research indicate that Merchandising has a positive effect on customer satisfaction and the positive effect of customer satisfaction on customer purchasing decision. Merchandising also has a positive and significant effect on customer purchasing decisions with the mediating role of customer satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Jurisprudential analysis of the legitimacy of earning money from performing an obligatory act
Mostafa BoroujerdiGetting income through performing obligatory religious duty (Farḍ or farīḍah) is one of the issues that has been taken into consideration by jurists for a long time and about which different views have been expressed. Although the main focus was on the lease contract, i MoreGetting income through performing obligatory religious duty (Farḍ or farīḍah) is one of the issues that has been taken into consideration by jurists for a long time and about which different views have been expressed. Although the main focus was on the lease contract, it does not seem to be specific to it, and it can be taken into account in other barter contracts. In any case, how to make clear the relationship between what is obligatory, which is a religious duty (Farḍ), and earning, as an economic action, is a serious challenge. Presenting the subject with intensive reference to jurisprudential opinions, this article analyzes the arguments and tries to explain its jurisprudential legitimacy. In this regard, the opinions of jurists who believe in the inherent contradiction between obligation and earning income is concerned critically, and the arguments of those who expand the types of Farḍ is examined. Next, the issue of receiving remuneration for performing the act of worship of a hired is discussed, and finally, the factual and evidential dimensions of the legitimacy of the act of proxy (Niyabah) worship are debated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - A Jurisprudential Re-examination and Reflection on the Punishment of Innate Apostasy of Neutrality of the Problem
Payam Forouzandeh (Corresponding author) Saleh MontazeriThe jurisprudential nature of the neutral will affect this neutral in the assignment of rulings. Some jurists have considered third nature to be neutral. The result of this basis will be the non-implementation of any hadd (punishment) of natural apostasy on the neutral, MoreThe jurisprudential nature of the neutral will affect this neutral in the assignment of rulings. Some jurists have considered third nature to be neutral. The result of this basis will be the non-implementation of any hadd (punishment) of natural apostasy on the neutral, but this opinion is against the well-known view of most jurists, who consider the human sex to be limited to male and female. The three other views in this regard, i.e. the view of neutral attachment in the punishment of innate apostasy, to a woman or a man, or optional in the implementation of one of those two hadds, are based on the most jurists views. This is despite the fact that the basis of the monopoly of human gender in being male and female has been criticized and there are many problems with it. The sure value of these problems will be the disappearance of the abstract knowledge of male or female neutrality and, as a result, the lack of a solid basis for all three aforementioned views. In this article, while examining the views of jurists, the authors have come to the conclusion that regardless of the acceptance of each of the aforementioned bases, the application of each of the hadd of natural apostasy of a woman or a man to the neutral has faced problems. As a result, the view of most Imamiyyah jurists, who consider the neutral in the innate apostasy of the woman, is criticized. Rather, his action will be subject to the Principle of "Al-Ta'zir li Kul Amal Al-Haram ". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Factors affecting cultural diplomatic relations in the metropolis of Tehran in the direction of cultural communication diplomacy
mahboube kharrazi نسیم Gh بهروز کاوهئیIntroduction & Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the "role of Tehran metropolis in optimizing cultural communication diplomacy" by adopting an interdisciplinary approach that includes theoretical approaches in the theoretical framework of the fi MoreIntroduction & Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the "role of Tehran metropolis in optimizing cultural communication diplomacy" by adopting an interdisciplinary approach that includes theoretical approaches in the theoretical framework of the fields: public and strategic diplomacy; The theory of public diplomacy - cultural diplomacy and communication - is the trail in soft power, strategic communications, the network city of the future information city, paradiplomacy and urban diplomacy.Research Method: This exploratory research is applied in terms of purpose, correlation analysis in terms of analysis and survey and cross-sectional research in terms of data collection method. In this study, descriptive-statistical methods such as frequency distribution tables and graphs, agreement tables and statistical inferential methods such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk distribution fitting test, significant tests for differences in means such as analysis of variance, analysis of variance and analysis of variance and variance were analyzed. Wallis, Tukey's variance test, U Mann-Whitney test were used.Findings: The nature of communication and communication measures in Tehran is not in line with the nature of modern strategic communication of public diplomacy and cultural diplomacy. On the other hand, Tehran's cultural diplomacy is not designed and implemented through communication and cross-networks, and this city is not considered an active member of international organizations, associations and programs. This limited active capacity of Tehran in the field of cultural diplomacy also does not provide the necessary ground for the implementation of creative city approaches in the current international relations of Tehran.Conclusion: The final result of the research indicates that all the capacities of Tehran metropolis in order to optimize the cultural communication diplomacy of the country have not been properly exploited and only a few measures and processes are active in this regard. It has also been concluded that there is no systematic approach to the role of the metropolis of Tehran in cultural communication diplomacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Ab Initio Study of Conformational and Configurational Properties of 1, 3- Diazacyclohepta-1, 2-diene and 1, 3-Diazacycloocta-1, 2-diene
Issa Yavari Vahideh Hadigheh-Rezvan Mohsen Dadgar -
Open Access Article
46 - Child friendly Cities care city as a tools of eliminating child deprivation
azadeh hajizadeh Rahim Sarvar abdolreza farajiradToday s city is an environment that in which adults should manage hereditary facilities and talents of children and this is planners who decide where and how to do that. But, managers and urban planners don’t pay enough attention to children and their needs. In th MoreToday s city is an environment that in which adults should manage hereditary facilities and talents of children and this is planners who decide where and how to do that. But, managers and urban planners don’t pay enough attention to children and their needs. In this regard, when there is no attention to children, their software and hard ware needs, so the future of their lives is pndangered. In this regard, the present study aims to investigate the child s deprivation in shiraz and the impact of city building elements on moderating the effects of urban deprivation of children. The research methodology of this paper is descrivptive analytical in parallel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Evaluate and analyze the social dimensions of marginalization in metropolises (Case Study: Shiraz marginal neighborhoods)
میثم رضایی رسول بلاغی علی شمس الدینی فاطمه شاعر سعید ماندنیOne of the problems that most cities of the world today involve the emergence and formation of the slum. Marginalization of the factors threatening the quality of life and social balance in towns considered disruptive. This phenomenon is one of the most important factor MoreOne of the problems that most cities of the world today involve the emergence and formation of the slum. Marginalization of the factors threatening the quality of life and social balance in towns considered disruptive. This phenomenon is one of the most important factors threatening the people in public spaces, fear or insecurity in places and urban spaces and vitality and health in daily life disrupted. By creating an obstacle to cultural development and public participation, high costs it imposes on society. Due to the extent of urbanization and the spread of suburbia in the cities studied this issue, its influencing factors and strategies for strengthening the feeling of social development and social security in the cities has become a necessity. Methods In this descriptive study, analysis and information gathered through extensive literature survey and questionnaire and SPSS software using Arc GIS data has been analyzed. The results indicate that the social balance, social security and the spread of suburbia inverse relationship exists and is increasing the number of marginalized social status will be more unbalanced. According to the results of research appropriate ways to improve the quality of life in marginalized areas Shiraz is presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Thermodynamic and Synoptic Analysis of exceptional rains of spring and role of cloud height in occurrence of rains in Shiraz
مهدی نارنگی فرد کمال امیدوار مهدی محمودآبادی مجتبی فخاری واحدMechanism, spring rains, mainly due to convective processes, the occurrence of rains and other climatic phenomena, such as the phenomenon as cut-off low provides conditions for heavy precipitation events. In this research first heavy rains of spring (rains of 30 mm with MoreMechanism, spring rains, mainly due to convective processes, the occurrence of rains and other climatic phenomena, such as the phenomenon as cut-off low provides conditions for heavy precipitation events. In this research first heavy rains of spring (rains of 30 mm with the highest total precipitation in the period 1335-1391) studied the city and two of the strongest of them were identified. To analyze these rains, we investigate instability indexes and sea level pressure, 500 hPa, Uwind, Vwind, omega and data of cloud height. The result show that main factor of heavy rains in the region is trough of east Mediterranean in the middle troposphere cut-off low phenomenon is well established, Therefore in both cases west instability systems change their ways to lower latitude so that the west systems get high level of humidity from southern warm water and make heavy rains in the region is significant. Also results instability indexes show that there is instability probability, the amount Omega negative and positive vorticity show severe Ascending movement in time is the occurrence of precipitation; but with investigation relation within thickness of cloud and heavy rains show thickness of clouds have increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Providing a model to explain brand equity tourism destinations (Case study: Shiraz city)
jafar bahari shahla bahari مرجان بذله hamed bahariThe aim of this study is to provide a model for explaining brand equity tourism destinations in Shiraz. This research, in terms of purpose is functional and based on data collection, is descriptive survey. Also, It has been used structural equation modeling through the MoreThe aim of this study is to provide a model for explaining brand equity tourism destinations in Shiraz. This research, in terms of purpose is functional and based on data collection, is descriptive survey. Also, It has been used structural equation modeling through the SMART PLS software to analyze data. Statistical population of this research all are domestic tourists that in the summer of 2015 Have come to Shiraz city.Given that the population size is unknown from Cochran formula is used in order to determine the sample size that number is obtained 384. Provided results showing that destination brand awareness has significant positive effects on destination brand image, destination perceived quality and destination brand loyalty. destination brand image has significant direct positive impacts on destination perceived quality and destination brand loyalty. destination perceived quality has direct positive influence on destination brand loyalty. And also it was shown that destination perceived quality is the largest coefficient value and its impact on destination brand loyalty is higher than other variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - A Comparative Study on Urban Green Space Landscape Developments an Geomorphological Perspective in Shiraz City, Iran, from 1976 to 2014 using GIS/RS
Meysam Jamali E. Moghimi Z. JafarpourGreen spaces represent an indispensible role and specific significance in today’s urban life. The importance of green spaces is to such an extent that experts regard such spaces as the “lungs” of cities. Nowadays, remote assessment applications, such a MoreGreen spaces represent an indispensible role and specific significance in today’s urban life. The importance of green spaces is to such an extent that experts regard such spaces as the “lungs” of cities. Nowadays, remote assessment applications, such as satellite imagery, have become especially important. Of course, analyzing the changes via such applications demands frequently updated images. In the present study, GIS/RS technology was used to investigate geomorphological patterns of change in urban spaces in Shiraz city, Iran, within a 38-year statistical period (1976-2014). To conduct the research, a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of Landsat satellite images (1, 8) and ETM+ and MSS sensors were processed in ENVI4.8. The maps of green space changes and the geomorphological perspective within the said period were prepared in GIS. Results revealed that the green space in Shiraz, within the period under study, was reduced more than 61.17%. The average of green space in the city was 57.11 m2 in 1976 which was reduced to 10 m2 in 2014. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Feasibility of landslide risk using Entropy model, case study: (Shirpnah mountainous region in South West Kermanshah Province)
Shirin Mohammadkhan Abdolkarim Veisi Keyvan BagheriThe main objective of this study is landslide Susceptibility mapping in the Shirpanah, byusing of Entropy model and evaluation of this model in the zoning of landslides occurrenceof Shirpanah Mountain and the extent of the influence of each of these five factors on theo MoreThe main objective of this study is landslide Susceptibility mapping in the Shirpanah, byusing of Entropy model and evaluation of this model in the zoning of landslides occurrenceof Shirpanah Mountain and the extent of the influence of each of these five factors on theoccurrence of the landslide. In the survey aerial photographs, satellite imagery, topographicmaps, geological maps and field research to identify the area and were photography from theoccurred landslide. In order to landslide susceptibility Mapping in the area of entropy modelwas used in GIS environment. The results show that the distance of the fault, slope,elevation, lithology and slope, have respectively, the greatest impact of landslides in thisarea. The total area of 20 km² (32%) is consist of in high-risk areas and 380 km² (84/48%) inaverage-risk zones. This suggests that the potential risk of landslides in the area is high. Alsothe results suggest that a 60 percent area landslides in the area in the sensitive areasidentified by the entropy model was located. Therefore, the validity of the proposed model isverified and Susceptibility maps produced can be used as a reference in the planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Management of historical fabric- cultural interference patterns with the help of fuzzy logic using GIS (case study: Shiraz historical fabric)
M.R PoorJafar هادی Rezaei RadIntroduction and aim: Optimization of non-intervention in the historical contexts of aging in the home, and the body is in a historical context. Although the intervention than in the previous periods have been associated with peace and harmony, but the rate of degradati MoreIntroduction and aim: Optimization of non-intervention in the historical contexts of aging in the home, and the body is in a historical context. Although the intervention than in the previous periods have been associated with peace and harmony, but the rate of degradation of the urban tissue is much greater than the predicted protective capacities. Therefore, the correct identification and prioritization of intervention zones between areas of critical need and the appropriate intervention methods to determine patterns and historical fabrics of the equilibrium cycle development and rehabilitation of the tissue. Method: Methodology of research is descriptive- analytical, Boolean logic and fuzzy logic grading criteria in the selection of techniques Spatial Statistic Data in GIS software has been used Findings: The original and main output of this process is to reduce the number of variables used in the model and realistic results. Results for Shiraz historical fabric, three main intervention areas as zones shows that the spatial interference reveals priorities. Conclusions: The output of the model's central weave pattern for absolute protection, the outer margin of the protecting spirit of the historical context of the modernization paradigm, protection pattern transits active in the historical pattern of tissue destruction and renewal and regeneration zones have been proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Evaluation of the successful criteria of public-private partnership in the development of Shiraz city
ali moridian naser yarmohamadian reza nasrisfahaniIntroduction and Objectives of the research: New urban needs and urban development have caused central governments to face a lack of financial resources to provide urban services. This issue, especially in the field of financing urban projects, has attracted the attenti MoreIntroduction and Objectives of the research: New urban needs and urban development have caused central governments to face a lack of financial resources to provide urban services. This issue, especially in the field of financing urban projects, has attracted the attention of the private sector and the public sector, and in particular, the municipalities. The main objective of this research is to understand how much of the municipalities are prepared and willing to use PPP in urban development projects and how well they know how they can be implemented, which may affect the success of the project. Method: This research is designed to identify the criteria and opportunities for the successful implementation of PPP in urban development. The method of doing the work was a questionnaire and conducted interviews with experts and investors who invested in public projects through public-private partnership, as well as municipal construction contractors who were willing to participate in ppp projects. According to Cochran method, sampling volume was estimated at 104 samples. Results: According to Kendall's fit test and Friedman test, the results indicate that among the factors of readiness of organizations for laws and regulations, they have had the highest rank in the success of urban development projects. The development of guides and information resources in this area is one of the effective measures for capacity building and eliminating possible ambiguities and misunderstandings about public-private partnerships. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The Study of Structural and cultural appropriateness of Shiraz Municipality for the implementation of the tasks assigned to municipal governments
غلامرضا کاظمیان کرم اله دانش فرد داریوش ستایشگرIntroduction and purpose: The establishing integrated management city's subject is emphasized in third and fourth economic, social and cultural development program of Islamic Republic of Iran by outsourcing some governmental incumbencies. But this subject has not done y MoreIntroduction and purpose: The establishing integrated management city's subject is emphasized in third and fourth economic, social and cultural development program of Islamic Republic of Iran by outsourcing some governmental incumbencies. But this subject has not done yet. The purpose of this thesis is to study the effective factor on organizational preparation of Shiraz Municipality for acceptance of some governmental incumbencies. For accomplishing this, first, the incumbencies categorized to four groups as "urbanism and housing processes", "environment and hygiene processes", "social, arts and cultural process", and "water, electricity, gas and telecommunication processes". Methods: A valid and reliable questionnaire made for gathering information and measuring evaluator variables. Then, completing questionnaires asked from all managers and supervisors of Shiraz Municipality. Results: The resulted hypothesis of the thesis shows that there is a significant relationship (with a =0.01) between "organization chart, managers preparation and cultural organization" and "organizational preparation of Shiraz Municipality for acceptance of some governmental incumbencies". It also shows that Shiraz Municipality has maximum preparation for doing urban and housing processes and minimum preparation for doing water, electricity, gas and communication processes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Measuring the way of using historical social spaces in Shiraz city
arash Didehrowshan Hamed MoztarzadehIntroduction and purpose: Meaningful places are formed in a social context and as a result of social interactions between people in a physical environment, which are linked with the cultural, social and activity contexts that govern that society. Therefore, this paper a MoreIntroduction and purpose: Meaningful places are formed in a social context and as a result of social interactions between people in a physical environment, which are linked with the cultural, social and activity contexts that govern that society. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the use of historical spaces in the city of Shiraz.Methodology: In order to know the presence of people in historical places, in the main part of the research, which is a case study, the field method has been used. The selected case sample of the historical center of Shiraz city and the selected samples of this research are also a historical complex and its bazaar (Zandiyeh complex), a religious place (Shahcheragh complex) and a residential neighborhood (Sang-e-Siah neighborhood), all of which are from the historical center of Shiraz city.Findings: The results show that the majority of people who attend public and community centers for long distances believe in the feeling of peace, security, freedom of diverse social activities, easy access, harmony with nature in space, climate protection issues and also the existence of other activities. Adjacent facilities such as cafes and restaurants are for holding personal meetings and gathering of people.Conclusion: The Zandiyeh complex of Shiraz, despite its services, facilities and attractions, has functioned as a successful space and has high sociability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Identifying Barriers to Development of Geographic nformation Systems (GIS) in Urban Areas Services and providing perational Strategies (case study: Shiraz City Hall)
اسماعیل کاوسی حسین وظیفه دوست علی قادریThe purpose of this article is to identify barriers to the development of geographical information systems and to provide solutions in Shiraz City Hall. For this purpose, by identifying the statistical population and selecting the descriptive research method, the hypoth MoreThe purpose of this article is to identify barriers to the development of geographical information systems and to provide solutions in Shiraz City Hall. For this purpose, by identifying the statistical population and selecting the descriptive research method, the hypotheses of previous studies are drawn in form of questionnaires for conducting a survey among the statistical population. After analyzing the statistical data, it was determined that all the five hypotheses were confirmed, so that according to the statistical population, financial problems, safety and technical problems, cultural problems, lack of use or poor use of geographic information systems in other municipalities and related organizations in the field of urban services of the City Hall of Shiraz and the lack of familiarity of high-ranking managers and members of the City Hall of Shiraz (urban managers) with the capabilities of geographic information systems, prevent the development of geographic information systems in the field of urban services of Shiraz City Hall. Finally, referring to the second statistical population i.e. experts and scholars of developing geographic information systems, their proposed solutions to elimination of barriers to development are offered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Analysis of factors affecting food literacy among Shiraz University Students
Bahareh Zarei Manesh Razieh NamdarToday, achieving food security is far more difficult than in previous decades, despite the growing climate change, the increasing population of the world, and the degradation of nature's environmental capacity to produce food. Food literacy as an emerging concept has be MoreToday, achieving food security is far more difficult than in previous decades, despite the growing climate change, the increasing population of the world, and the degradation of nature's environmental capacity to produce food. Food literacy as an emerging concept has been proposed a viable way to achieve food security and is a promising approach to healthy and proper nutrition for society, as it emphasizes the essential aspects of food, including skill, health, and environmental protection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dimensions and factors affecting food literacy among postgraduate students of Shiraz University. According to the research findings, the total means of students studied was at a desirable level in terms of food literacy, but in terms of factors such as nutrition style and environmental literacy at a low level and in terms of environmental concerns at very low level. The study found that there was no difference between students in terms of food literacy and different levels of household income and major. But married students had higher levels of food literacy than single students. The results of the causal relationship test in the form of path analysis test showed that among the variables included in the path analysis, environmental literacy (0.43) and environmental concern (0.29) were the most influential in terms of food literacy and the use of media and information resources (-0.06) showed the least impacts. Based on the results, some recommendation have been made to improve food literacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Cloning and expression of recombinant hirudin in CHO cell line
, A. Sharifzadeh , M. Heidari , F. AaliHirudin is a 65-66 amino acids polypeptide which is secreted as an anticoagulant compound from salivary glands of medical leech. This drug is a very potent inhibitor of thrombin and is so effective for arterial and venous thrombosis prevention. The aim of the present re MoreHirudin is a 65-66 amino acids polypeptide which is secreted as an anticoagulant compound from salivary glands of medical leech. This drug is a very potent inhibitor of thrombin and is so effective for arterial and venous thrombosis prevention. The aim of the present research was to clone and express of hirudin gene in CHO cell line as a eukaryotic host cell. In this experimental study, a 221 bp fragment of hirudin gene was cloned into pcDNA3.1(+) vector. The pcDNA3.1(+)-hirudin recombinant vector was transfected into CHO cells by lipofectamine 2000 reagent. The eukaryotic expression of hirudin was evaluated by RT-PCR method. The pcDNA3.1(+)-hirudin recombinant vector was confirmed by PCR and enzymatic double digestion. Our findings showed that the mammalian expression of hirudin was successful. As, a 221 bp fragment corresponded to hirudin mRNA was observed on agarose gel after RT-PCR. The pcDNA3.1(+)-hirudin recombinant vector was constructed in this research successfully. This new recombinant plasmid can express the hirudin mRNA in CHO cells. Therefore, the recombinant protein that produced from this research can be a recombinant vaccine that could be applied for future research. Additionally, this construct has the potential to be use as DNA vaccine in next experiments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Measurement of knowledge sharing and organizational culture among librarians of public libraries in Shiraz
Nahid KhoshianPurpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and knowledge sharing of inside and outside of the organization among the librarians of the public libraries of Shiraz Metodology: The research method is mixed (quantita MorePurpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and knowledge sharing of inside and outside of the organization among the librarians of the public libraries of Shiraz Metodology: The research method is mixed (quantitative and qualitative) and using survey. The statistical population of the study included all librarians working in public libraries of Shiraz (195 persons) and sampling was not carried out due to population size limitation and all of them were considered as the statistical population. The analyzes were done using Amos Graphics, SPSS16, and descriptive and inferential statistics including frequency and Pearson correlation coefficient test . Results: According to assessment of 12 percent of respondents, the status of organizational culture and the sharing of knowledge is appropriate and according to assessment of %48 is inappropriate. Conclusion: Organizational culture has a definitive meaningful relationship with the knowledge sharing of inside and outside of the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The Book of Isaiah: the Unity of Authorship or the Multiple Authorship
Mazaher AhmadtobiThe Book of Isaiah is one of the three books of the second part of the Nevi’im, the Major Latter Prophets, from three parts of the Hebrew Bible. Some of scholars believe that the entire sixty and six chapters of the Book of Isaiah are the product of a single autho MoreThe Book of Isaiah is one of the three books of the second part of the Nevi’im, the Major Latter Prophets, from three parts of the Hebrew Bible. Some of scholars believe that the entire sixty and six chapters of the Book of Isaiah are the product of a single author, the historical Isaiah of Jerusalem, by citing the linguistic, stylistic, and theological similarities. But majority of scholars divide it into three distinct parts, by citing the historical, linguistic, stylistic, and theological differences and assign them, respectively, to First Isaiah, Second Isaiah, and Third Isaiah. This article, written in descriptive and analytic way, deals with the historical background of the unity of authorship or the multiple authorship of this book, and the factors of the adherents of each of these views. Adherents of the unity of authorship consider use of the concepts such as a highway, Zion, the holy one of Israel, and pangs of a woman in travail throughout the book as justifying their views. Adherents of the multiple authorship respond to it by saying Second Isaiah, and Third Isaiah were the followers of Isaiah and then these similarities come from this point. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Mazdakism: Monotheism or Dualism
محمد جواد شمسThe appearance of Mazdak and his announcement was in Kawad’s(488-531) time who at first converted to Mazdakism, but after atemporarily overthrow, abandoned Mazdak and his followers. It seemsthat in 528 or 529 C.E. many of Mazdakites were killed by KhosrowAnushirav MoreThe appearance of Mazdak and his announcement was in Kawad’s(488-531) time who at first converted to Mazdakism, but after atemporarily overthrow, abandoned Mazdak and his followers. It seemsthat in 528 or 529 C.E. many of Mazdakites were killed by KhosrowAnushiravan under the command of Kawad. After Mazdak hisfollowers, known as Mazdakeans, did not lose their faith in Mazdakand his teachings so tried to spread his teachings in a hidden manner.Teachings of Mazdak, due to their similarities with some doctrines ofManichaeism, Zoroastrianism and even Zurvanism, often were ascribedto these religions. Mazdakism, on the one hand, is a dualistic religionwhich believes in two origins eternally different and independent and,on the other, speaks about an exalted God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Mystical Elements in Judeo-Persian Literature
Mansour Motamedi Maryam PoursadeqiThe Jews have an enduring presence in Iran. They invented Judeo-Persian language in order to have a kind of writing relationship witheach other. Actually this is Persian language written in Hebrewalphabet. The oldest documents of this kind date back to the 8th centuryCE MoreThe Jews have an enduring presence in Iran. They invented Judeo-Persian language in order to have a kind of writing relationship witheach other. Actually this is Persian language written in Hebrewalphabet. The oldest documents of this kind date back to the 8th centuryCE. There are numerous Judeo-Persian works including: interpretationof Old Testament, Hebrew grammar and lexicon, halakhah, midrash,poetry, stories and proverbs, magic, letters and legal documents. Inthese works we can not only trace some common terms of Islamictheology and jurisprudence, but also observe the remarkable influenceof Sufi terms and teachings on Judeo-Persian language, especially theinfluence of mystic poets such as Ḥāfeẓ, Sāʻdi, ʻAṭṭār, Neẓāmi, Rūmiand … . The present article, firstly introduces Judeo-Persian poets whohave used Islamic mystical elements in their poems, then, studies theseelements under six headings: mystical terms, Sufi approaches, Sufisymbols, anti-sufism, pro-sufism, stages of achieving the Reality(sharīʻt, ṭarīqat, ḥaqīqat). Also, it intends to demonstrate the influenceof Islamic Mysticism on the works of Jewish Persian poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Evaluating the Factors Affecting the Consumption of Shiraz Consumers to Benefit from Organic Tomato Product Application of Hackman Two-Step Method
Navid Kargar Dehbidi Habib Ansari SamaniBackground and Objective: Excessive reliance on external inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides and the indiscriminate exploitation of soil and water resources is considered a serious threat to the quality of the environment. In this regard various sciences are looki MoreBackground and Objective: Excessive reliance on external inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides and the indiscriminate exploitation of soil and water resources is considered a serious threat to the quality of the environment. In this regard various sciences are looking farming methods that could be a good alternative to protect human health and the environment. Organic farming is a viable alternative between conventional agricultural systems to safeguard food security in the world in general and in developing countries is specifically mentioned. This study was conducted on the product market organic tomatoes, for this purpose some random questionnaire from the city of Shiraz was collected in 1395. Methods: In this study, Heckman two-stage method is used. Findings: The results show that consumers' willingness to pay around 2442/2 Rial had more than non-organic tomatoes. Variables of gender, age, education, household income and the distance from the place of purchase organic products have had a significant impact on people's willingness to pay. So that other than variables of gender and distance from place of purchase that is negatively correlated with willingness to pay more for organic products, other variables positively correlated with willingness to pay. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is suggested that in order to better access people to these products, by adopting policies, distribution networks should be further expanded in different urban areas. Also, considering the importance of people's health at all ages, it is necessary to adopt promotional and educational policies to lead the tastes of younger people to consume organic products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Municipal Performance Evaluation with Emphasis on Satisfaction of Residents with Urban Services Using the Kano Model (Case Study: Municipality of District 1 in Shiraz)
Karmat Allah Ziyari Leila Mohammad Kazem Abadi Hamideh Zaimi Mohammad Ali KhanizadehBackground and Objective: Citizens' satisfaction is one of the main means of measuring the performance of municipalities today. Therefore, in this paper, it will be tried to use the citizens' opinions to measure their satisfaction with the performance of the municipalit MoreBackground and Objective: Citizens' satisfaction is one of the main means of measuring the performance of municipalities today. Therefore, in this paper, it will be tried to use the citizens' opinions to measure their satisfaction with the performance of the municipality of Shiraz, district 1, so that, by recognizing the weakness and weakness of the municipality's performance, there are solutions to improve the performance The organization provided increased citizens' satisfaction. The main purpose of this project is "to investigate the extent and factors affecting the satisfaction of citizens of Shiraz from the services provided by the Shiraz municipalityMaterial and Methodology: This research was applied in terms of its descriptive-analytical nature and survey type using questionnaire tool. Reliability of the research tool was based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient for Cano questionnaire (0/70). Data were then analyzed using spss software.Findings: The results of the Chi-square test showed a moderate to high satisfaction rate of 70.82. Also, the results of the Chi-square test showed that men had less satisfaction than the performance of the municipality, and each level of education and age increased Satisfaction was lower, and satisfaction of staff and students was also lower than other jobs. Also, the results of the Kano test showed that the level of satisfaction of citizens (basic needs with satisfaction coefficient (0.35) at low level and functional needs with satisfaction coefficient (584 / 0) is at a moderate level and emotional needs are at a higher level with a coefficient of (723/0).Discussion and Conclusion: Due to the low quality of services provided in the basic needs which are considered to be the intrinsic duties of the municipality, this has had a negative effect on the behavior of the landlords, especially in participating in urban activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - An Analysis of the Mantle Structure of the Safavid Bridge Span (Case Study: Thirty-Three Bridges, Marnan, Khaju, Joey)
amin mosavat reza babakhaniBackground and Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the design of crater width, crater height and base widths of four poles, Thirty-Three bridges, Khajou, Joey, and Marnan, constructed on the Zayandehrood River, and to explore MoreBackground and Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the design of crater width, crater height and base widths of four poles, Thirty-Three bridges, Khajou, Joey, and Marnan, constructed on the Zayandehrood River, and to explore the relationship between these variables underpins the theory that The form of these bridges is a direct function of their main function.Method: In this study, due to the high volume of data, the research method is based on Python coding and working with artificial intelligence algorithms that, after harvesting the required data and performing various calculations of the files in CSV format, and then considering field harvesting, openings four bridges were simulated in related software using the cosine relation of all openings and plots were plotted.Findings: The findings of this study suggest that there is a high similarity and a close relationship between the width and height of the craters on each bridge with that bridge itself and the three other bridges on the river, and the design of these bridges is less than a century old despite historical differences.Discussion and Conclusion: In conclusion, it should be stated that the more the historical period of the construction of the bridges is focused on the past, the wider the bridges are and according to the drawing diagrams of the openings of each bridge, they have high accuracy in design and construction. The 75-span bridge has a similarity percentage of 70 to 90, which is very similar to the 33 bridges and Khajoo bridge, and the bridge search and thirty-three bridges are the lowest. It can now be said that these bridges are designed based on their performance and according to the standards of that period, construction technology, available materials and suitable for climatic conditions and river water flow calculations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Explaining the Most Preferred Source of Water Supply of Gas Refinery in Fars Province; Application of Multi-Stakeholders Approach
Mansour Ghanian Omid M. Ghoochani Mona DoraniBackground and Objectives: Using water is common in all industries and without this vital material, industrial activities would be impossible. Among all industries, the refinery industries are the most water-intensive ones. Given to the recent drought, the present study MoreBackground and Objectives: Using water is common in all industries and without this vital material, industrial activities would be impossible. Among all industries, the refinery industries are the most water-intensive ones. Given to the recent drought, the present study tried to identify the best water source of Persian refinery in Fars province. Method: The dominant approach of the present study is quantitative and applied research. Elites and experts from the various governmental agencies considered as the respondents of the present study. The data analyzed using Expert Choice software and AHP technique. Findings: The results showed that social coherence, trust, responsibility, and participation are respectively the most effective factors to choose of the water sources. Also, the most suitable sources of water supply were the water management. Discussion and Conclusion: The goal of comprehensive water resources management is to create a system that has the benefit of reflection and feedback by interacting water management with the environment and social and economic development and finally, with the participation of different sectors. Decisions are made on allocating and developing water resources. Therefore the policy-making and planning of water resources management should be formulated and defined in accordance with the knowledge of water interconnections and development, the facilities and management tools, technical and financial facilities, and the constraints of the social and political system of society which the present study can initiate this route. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Study the Neutral Temperature in Multi Story Residential Buildings in Shiraz by Using PMV & AMV Indexes
Hamed Ayali Hadi Keshmiri Khosro MovahedBackground and Objective: As the level of people's expectations and their need to create comfort conditions in different environments becomes more and more noticeable, so the climate and environmental conditions, the inevitable psychological and physical impact on human MoreBackground and Objective: As the level of people's expectations and their need to create comfort conditions in different environments becomes more and more noticeable, so the climate and environmental conditions, the inevitable psychological and physical impact on human comfort conditions have. Therefore, determining the range of thermal comfort for each climatic zone in different forms of construction seems necessary. The purpose of this study is to identify the range of thermal comfort of the interior of multi-story residential buildings using predictive indicators of average views and average real views.In this regard, the forthcoming research will answer the question: What is the neutral temperature in multi-story residential buildings in Shiraz in the hot season?Method: In this research, different research methods have been used according to its various aspects, but the implementation stages of the research were divided into two parts: "data collection and information" and "analysis". Data and information required for this present study, based on experimental and field methods, the two main methods of questionnaire and measurement of variables using environmental measuring devices (Lutron LM-8000A and Extech T30) , Samples were collected from residential units and then the necessary rulings were issued with their analytical, inferential and classification descriptions.Findings: Most people in all studied spaces were feeling warm at ASHRAE scale. The air temperature of the interior spaces and predicted mean vote (PMV) of the comments as well as the actual mean vote (AMV) of the correlation coefficient are incremental and positive.Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that outside temperature and neutral temperature have a special relationship in warm months and these results are minor differences with other global studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Analysis of morphodynamic changes of landforms in riverbed kalshour in the shirAhmad protected area in Sabzevar With an environmental perspective
ebrahim taghavi moghadam elahe akbari Ali akbar EhsanzadehBackground and Objective: Knowledge of the characteristics of morphodynamic river systems, Landform and its evolution as one of the most vital components of the Earth's surface that In many studies and projects, including the flood control, watershed studies, and enviro MoreBackground and Objective: Knowledge of the characteristics of morphodynamic river systems, Landform and its evolution as one of the most vital components of the Earth's surface that In many studies and projects, including the flood control, watershed studies, and environmental hydrology of the basic requirements for environmental planners. This study aimed to evaluate the changes of landforms and the KalShour riverbed in protected area ShirAhmad is Sabzevar emphasis on environmental considerations. Method: in the Research using topographic map and satellite images of Landsat, years 1988, 2000 and 2015. For this purpose, was determined changes kaleshor of riverbed and morphodinamic landform changes occurred in the study period of 27 years and Using maximum likelihood map landforms and account for the years of research and changes in any areas identified and analyzed and assessed. Findings: Calculations show that the rivers in the region of 8.1 km2 kalshour shorter and less meandering, and become more the radius of the circle is tangent to any show that has become curved meander pattern to direct arterial. The map Landforms has changed was produced with maximum likelihood and overall accuracy0.78 and kappa coefficient 0.84. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show a large changes of sand dunes and vegetation especially .Based on the results, because of having high groundwater levels and also enter wastewater Sabzevar and.31.5 km2 of sand dunes volume reduction and conversion to fields Tamarix hispida and forest Tamarix. This issue is for the benefit of the natural landscape and on the other hand depletes water resources and soil and adverse impact on animal life protected area's Shirahmd that require special strategic programs in order to preserve natural heritage and sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Measuring and Assessing the Urban Resilience in the Social, Economic, Physical and Environmental Dimensions (Case study: Shiraz City)
leyla mohammadi kazemabadi Mohammad Ali Khanizadeh Ahmad PourahmadBackground and Objective: The growth of modern cities is often followed without standards and unbridled. With this picture, if cities suffer from natural and abnormal accidents, it is very difficult to return to pre-disaster situations. Method: The present research is MoreBackground and Objective: The growth of modern cities is often followed without standards and unbridled. With this picture, if cities suffer from natural and abnormal accidents, it is very difficult to return to pre-disaster situations. Method: The present research is an applied and analytical-descriptive purpose. This study uses a hierarchical analysis model to evaluate resilience with emphasis on quality of life in Shiraz. In this regard, 30 questionnaires were submitted to experts and questions consisted of economic, socio-cultural, and social dimensions. Environmental and physical. Then, these dimensions and their sub-criteria were implemented in the AHP method. Findings: The findings indicate that: the highest level of resilience was given in the order of priority, then environment with average (0.224), socio-cultural dimension with mean (198/0), structural-dimensional dimension with mean (0.191) ) and the economic dimension with an average (0.110). Discussion and Conclusion: According to research findings, it can be claimed that the lack of environmental pollution and environmental diversity have led to relative stability in this category, and on the other hand, the existence of an almost optimal interpersonal and social relationship between the age structure and sex of the community is a resilient state and has created social and cultural aspects. The existence of varied uses and historic aberrations in urban context as a positive point and the existence of exhaustion in some places, both structural and functional, has been shown to be negative. Unfortunately, the economic quality and employment issues, as in other cities of the country, are very low and uncertain, and the need to strengthen this sector is highly felt. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Using Landscape Metrics and Remote Sensing to Analyze Land Changes and Land Degradation (Case Study: Shirin Dare Watershed Basin-North Khorasan province-Iran)
Zahra Parvar Kamran Shayesteh Morteza BehzadfarBackground and Objective: Land Use and Land Cover change is one of the most important factors affecting natural resources and at a worldwide scale. Analyzing and monitoring the Changes is a complex procedure. The analysis of landscape pattern as an important procedure h MoreBackground and Objective: Land Use and Land Cover change is one of the most important factors affecting natural resources and at a worldwide scale. Analyzing and monitoring the Changes is a complex procedure. The analysis of landscape pattern as an important procedure helps researchers to realize and quantify LULC changes of the earth surface. The ability to quantify to describe landscape structure is prerequisite to the study of landscape function and change. Landscape ecology has various quantitative indices to analyze and describe the landscape structure for this purpose. Landscape metrics represent the spatial pattern of the entire landscape mosaic e.g. the proportion of each landscape type, or the shape of the component landscape elements at a set point in time. Material and Methodology: This study applied supervised classification-maximum likelihood in IDRISI Selva to detect land cover/land use changes observed in Shirin dare watershed using satellite data obtained from Landsat for the years 1996, 2005 and 2015 respectively. The watershed was classified into six major land cover/use classes viz based on our purpose. Various class-level and landscape level-landscape pattern metrics were calculated using Fragstats 4.2 in order to analyze landscape structure. Metrics include NP, MPS, LPI, SIDI, SHDI, SHEI and SIEI were used in this study. These metrics can give us a lot of information about the structure and changes of landscape components. Findings: The overall classification accuracies in land use cartographies in 1996, 2005 and 2015 were 92.96%, 87.29% and 87/45%, respectively. Our results between 2005 and 2015 were clearly showed that increased number of patches and decreased mean patch area two important fragmentation indicators and the trend of landscape degradation and fragmentation was increasing. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the current patterns of dry farm land and barren land development in the studied landscape and in order to reduce the alarming rates of land degradation and become more efficient land use managers, it is necessary to know the causes of land changes. That means with the ongoing land degradation trend, a reasonable land use plan should be made with emphasis on protecting natural forests, grasslands and the water body. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Water quality and quantity modelling in Bahmanshir River and its channels
Navid Dolatabadi Farahani Hamid Taheri Shahraiyni Mohsen Nasseri Moslem GhasemiBackground and Objective: Bahmanshir River is one of the main water resources in southwest Iran. Salinity intrusion and other pollution sources have influenced the water quality in this river. In this study, quantitative and qualitative modeling of Bahmanshir River and MoreBackground and Objective: Bahmanshir River is one of the main water resources in southwest Iran. Salinity intrusion and other pollution sources have influenced the water quality in this river. In this study, quantitative and qualitative modeling of Bahmanshir River and the water channels of Choebdeh shrimp culture is performed using MIKE11 software. Method: First, manning number of the river is estimated as 0.018 by integrated hydraulic modeling of the river and its water channels. Then, dispersion factor of the river is calculated as (v: velocity) by solving Advection-Dispersion equation. Modeling of water quality parameters, such as dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ammonia, BOD and temperature, is performed using ECOLAB module in the MIKE11 software. The major parameters in the water quality model are determined using sensitivity analysis. These parameters were calibrated and the calibrated model is verified. Findings: The results showed that the water channels behave as complete mix systems. Conversion coefficients of water quality parameters are calculated, and then the average values of salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia and nitrate in the channels are calculated as 27000, 3, 3 and 5 ppm, respectively. In addition, these parameters in the river are about 5300, 2.2, 1.2 and 11 ppm, respectively. The correlation coefficient of developed hydraulic model in verification step is 0.95 and the percent of absolute error of verified salinity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, ammonia and nitrate models are 7.9, 12, 1.2, 0.79 and 0.34, respectively. Conclusion: The results demonstrated the capability of MIKE11 for water quality and quantity modeling in tidal rivers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - A model to Revitalization of Historical and Cultural Places (Case study: Moshir - o - Almamalek, Garden City of Yazd)
Hamid Majedi Hossein Amjad Hooman BahmanpourIntroduction:Due to spectacular geographical location, the Province of Yazd, located in the center of Iran, it hasbeen in the center of attention since long ago. It is considered one of the driest provinces in Iran withhot and dry climate, and annual average precipitati MoreIntroduction:Due to spectacular geographical location, the Province of Yazd, located in the center of Iran, it hasbeen in the center of attention since long ago. It is considered one of the driest provinces in Iran withhot and dry climate, and annual average precipitation of 50-100ml. The day and night temperaturevaries between 11.9 to 20.7 degrees of Celsius. The special climate in Yazd has resulted in beautifulgardens such as, Moshir – o – Almamalek Garden, which is one the most famous and beautifulgardens in Yazd. It is 18000m2 in area and is located in the north-west of Yazd. It was established byMirza Fathollah Khan, Moshir – o – Almamalek in Ghajar era. He was in charge of collecting tax inYazd and when the Governor was absent, he took up the responsibilities. As the elderly people fromYazd say, Yazd was controlled from his residence, i.e., Moshir – o – Almamalek Garden.Material and Method:Literature review and field study were used in this study. This study is descriptive-analytical. Throughthe restoration of the place, current national and international patterns along with Iranian-Islamicarchitectural concepts were used. Cameras like Cannon Power shot S5 IS and Olympus C160 wereutilized during the field study.Result:Except the central building, the other buildings lack foundation. The most preeminent material used ismud-bricks. In the past, drinking water was supplied by subterranean canals (ghanat). It is now,however, supplied by the city water system. The trees in the garden would be fruit bearing, e.g. fig,vine, apple, etc. Other plants such as olive, persimmon, and citrus have recently been cultivated.Discussion:Using elements such as grass, water, and plants during restoration, which constitute the main elementsof ancient Iranian architecture, is vividly observable. This demonstrates the relation between the natureand architecture in the present and past Iran. Transparency, space linkage, organized spaces, spaceintegration, geometry, and symmetry implemented in the garden reflect thought and rationalization inthe Iranian garden establishment, which intentionally and consciously pursued physical and spiritualpeace for human looking for tranquility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Valuation of Ecotourism in Order to Preserve the Outdoor Recreation and Promenade of Shirkooh of Yazd Zone
Mohammadreza Zare Mehrjerdi Maryam ZiaabadiIntroduction: This research has studied to determinate the value of preservation of Shirkooh zone andadjacent outdoor recreation villages and measured the individuals willingness to pay (WTP) forpreservation profits of this zone.Material and Method: Logit model was used MoreIntroduction: This research has studied to determinate the value of preservation of Shirkooh zone andadjacent outdoor recreation villages and measured the individuals willingness to pay (WTP) forpreservation profits of this zone.Material and Method: Logit model was used for measuring of individual's willingness to pay andestimation parameters of the model are based on method of maximum likely hood (ML).Result and Discussion: The results showed that 79.1% individuals have the willingness to pay forpreservation of this zone. In this study, the mean of WTP for preservation value of this zone is31250 Ir. Rials per month per household. Therefore Shirkooh promenade zone has considerablepreservation value and this value, policy and decision persuades the suitable preservation of this zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - The study of Environmental Factors in Pteridium Aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Dispersion
Nazanin Yadollahi Nematollah Khorasani Asadollah Mataji Vahid Etemad Elmira Kazemi JahandiziIntroduction: Ferns and their species are mostly found in wetting zones, for this reason the forests located at the northern side of Iran are considered as a suitable provenance for their growing up. Some studies have been conducted on Pteridium Aquilinum (L.) Kuhn in I MoreIntroduction: Ferns and their species are mostly found in wetting zones, for this reason the forests located at the northern side of Iran are considered as a suitable provenance for their growing up. Some studies have been conducted on Pteridium Aquilinum (L.) Kuhn in Iran, but no comprehensive research has yet been done in the field of environmental factors effective on their dispersion. This research aims to study the environmental factors effective on dispersion of this specie of Pteridium Aquilinum (L.)Kuhn in different heights of Hirkani Forests. The present research has been done in the northwest side of Golestan National Park. Methodology: Some plots containing Pteridium Aquilinum (L.) Kuhn have randomly been selected in various heights of the area under studying, and then the soil and other available plant species were sampled on field and random basis. After registration of the available data, the soil of the center of the sample plot was sampled with a depth of 30 cm. Then the correlation between environmental variables and flora was specified using Principal Components Analysis (P.C.A) and the treatments were compared by Multiple Range Duncan - Tukey Analysis in SPPS environment. Conclusion: The flora was classified using (TWINSPAN) analysis and consequently two ecologic groups were categorized. Some key species were introduced in each group and the result of (TWINSPAN) analysis is matrix 62 species and 18 plots measuring 100 Sqm. (P.C.A) results show that groups have properly been separated based on soil fertility and dispersion of ecologic groups in the area under studying are influenced by chemical properties or fertility conditions of the provenance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Investigating the effect of education on environment conservation (Case study: Shirin Park, Kermanshah city)
Masoumeh Mansouri Ziaedin Badehian Mohammad PashabadiBackground and Objective: In this study, the effect of education on increasing the individuals’ willingness for the conservation of Shirin Park in Kermanshah city has been investigated. Method: The required data were collected using 200 questionnaires. Also, three MoreBackground and Objective: In this study, the effect of education on increasing the individuals’ willingness for the conservation of Shirin Park in Kermanshah city has been investigated. Method: The required data were collected using 200 questionnaires. Also, three different informative brochures about the ecosystem of Shirin Park and its crucial role in human life were handed to 100 people as an intervention group. The control group also included 100 people. Data were analyzed using the contingent valuation method (CVM) and Logit function. Findings: Results show a significant difference between the two groups in their willingness to pay (WTP) for conservation of Shirin Park environment. Estimation of the Logit model showed that educational intervention has a significant effect on individuals’ WTP for the conservation of this ecosystem. By adding to the brochures with new information, the probability of willingness to pay increases by 0.013 units. Monthly individuals’ WTPs for conservation of the environment in the control and intervention groups were estimated as 14453 and 23423 Rials, respectively. Annual WTPs for each household were estimated as 62870.55 and 122502.29 Rials in the mentioned groups. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, increase of people’s information about the importance of Shirin Park would lead to a considerable increase in the visitors’ WTP for conservation of this ecosystem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Study of the Quality and Quantity of Dry Components in Municipal Solid Waste from Regions 6 and 7 in Shiraz
marziye nouroozi jahan abad Sima SabzalipoorBackground and Objective: Solid waste is an integral part of human life and production of the waste in different quantity and quality is of one of the most important environmental issues of our time. Increase of population growth and solid waste production in urban and MoreBackground and Objective: Solid waste is an integral part of human life and production of the waste in different quantity and quality is of one of the most important environmental issues of our time. Increase of population growth and solid waste production in urban and metropolitan areas have become a social problem. The most important component of municipal solid waste around the world is similar, however, the density and the ratio of its ingredients from country to country and from city to city, based on the level of economic development, social, climatic and geographical situation, are very diverse. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the production and composition of municipal solid waste collected from Shiraz regions 6 and 7. Method: Sampling was randomly done for one week in the study area in [1]May 2015. The method used in this study was analysis manual type. A standard amount of 90 Kg of municipal waste was collected from the houses in the two the regions. Weights of each component of the waste were obtained and then used to draw the diagrams using Excel software. Findings: The highest percentages of waste components in both regions were related to organic materials (perishable), and there was a difference among the components of the waste in the two regions. The amount of waste produced in region 6 was higher than region 7. In region 6, the lowest percentage (1/77) belonged to the pet, whereas in region 7, the lowest percentage (0/55) was related to the special waste. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Double-bounded Dichotomous Choice CVM for an Urban Park; (Case Study: Azadi Park, Shiraz, Iran)
Seyed Abbas Seyed Salehi Gholamreza Hajargasht Mohammad Bakhshoodeh Zeynab SedghiMoradiBackground and Objective: Today, according to the increasing importance of green space and environment, decision making about environmental policies is growing at the national and international levels. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the information that could be MoreBackground and Objective: Today, according to the increasing importance of green space and environment, decision making about environmental policies is growing at the national and international levels. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the information that could be used to promote efficient environmental decision making. Method: In this study, the economic benefits associated with Azadi Park in Shiraz, are estimated using a double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation survey design. The model is estimated applying the Bayesian method. Data for this study was collected with the help of 215 respondants in 2012. Findings: The model was calibrated for the years 1992-1996 and validated for the years 1998-2000. The coefficient of determination (R2) for monthly flow was equal to 0.82 and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (Ens) was equal to 0.8 in the calibration period, while in the validation period these coefficients were 0.77 and 0.73, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate that income, household size, quality and beauty of the park have a significant positive effect and history of visiting has a robust negative effect on the acceptance of bid price. ؤisitors are willing to pay 4390 Rials per person per day on average, resulting in aggregate benefits of 14000 million Rials yearly. The present value of these aggregate benefits equals to 190000 million Rials, using a social discount rate of 7.2 %. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Investigating the effect of risk and competitiveness indicators of banks on systemic risk with the marginal expected shortfall (MES) approach using the GMM model
meysam fadaee vahed mohammad Ali Dehghan Dehnavi ali divandari meysam amirySystemic risk has been considered as one of the new concepts in the field of finance since 2008 and this risk is more considered in the banking industry due to the close relationship between banks in their daily operations. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting t MoreSystemic risk has been considered as one of the new concepts in the field of finance since 2008 and this risk is more considered in the banking industry due to the close relationship between banks in their daily operations. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting this risk in the banking industry is the main purpose of this study. In this study, the relationship between macroeconomic indicators (interest rate, economic growth rate and inflation), risk (liquidity and default risk) and competitiveness (Herfindahl-Hirschman index and asset size) using banks' data from 2009 to date and with The GMM data panel method was tested.The results of modeling show that there is a significant and direct relationship between default risk index (credit) and systemic risk of the banking industry. Also, in all competition indicators, including Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the size of banks, there is a direct relationship, and in macroeconomic indicators, the relationship between interest rates and inflation with the systemic risk of banks is direct and significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Investigating the effect of risk and competitiveness indicators of the banking industry on the index of economic growth and consumer inflation in iran’s economy
meysam fadaee vahed mohammad Ali Dehghan Dehnavi ali divandari meysam amiryIn recent years, the country's economy has faced a major challenge in the index of economic growth and inflation, and several factors have contributed to this challenge. Many theorists believe that banks and their risks have contributed significantly to these economic f MoreIn recent years, the country's economy has faced a major challenge in the index of economic growth and inflation, and several factors have contributed to this challenge. Many theorists believe that banks and their risks have contributed significantly to these economic fluctuations. This study seeks to find an answer to the relationship between economic growth, inflation and risk and competitive banking indicators using the GMM model and quarterly data from the country's banks since 2007.The results show that there is a significant relationship between economic growth and systemic risk indicators and Herfindahl-Hirschman. With the increase in systemic risk of the banking sector and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, the country's economic growth index has decreased; Therefore, it can be concluded that controlling and reducing the systemic risk of the banking network is very important to increase economic growth. On the other hand, banks' competition in the country's economy is not useful and effective for economic growth and destructive competition dominates the country's banking network. Regarding inflation, the relationship between the competitiveness of the banking industry and inflation is positive and one of the inflationary factors in the country's economy is the competition of banks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - یک روش عددی برای حل معادلات انتگرال نوع سوم توسط چند جمله ای های کرال
پروانه جمی الهام هاشمی زادهحل عددی معادلات انتگرالی خطی از نوع سوم در مطالعات مختلف مورد بحث قرار گرفته است، اما در تحقیقات قبلی در مورد این نوع معادلات تنها راه حل تحلیلی بررسی شده است. با توجه به برخی محدودیت ها برای این نوع راه حل ها، در این مقاله روش جدیدی برای حل عددی معادلات انتگرالی خطی از Moreحل عددی معادلات انتگرالی خطی از نوع سوم در مطالعات مختلف مورد بحث قرار گرفته است، اما در تحقیقات قبلی در مورد این نوع معادلات تنها راه حل تحلیلی بررسی شده است. با توجه به برخی محدودیت ها برای این نوع راه حل ها، در این مقاله روش جدیدی برای حل عددی معادلات انتگرالی خطی از نوع سوم پیشنهاد شده است. روش پیشنهادی براساس تقریب تابع مجهول با چند جمله ای کرال-لاگر است. این روش یک روش محاسباتی ساده با یک راه حل تقریبی کاملاً قابل قبول دارد. علاوه بر این، ما برآورد خطا برای روش پیشنهادی را به­دست می آوریم. دو مثال نیز برای نشان دادن موثربودن روش پیشنهادی ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - An artificial intelligence model based on LS-SVM for third-party logistics provider selection
B. Vahdani Sh. Sadigh ‎Behzadi‎ S. M. ‎Mousavi‎ -
Open Access Article
82 - Comparison of Exhaust Pollutant from Zamyad and Peykan Cars with Air Pollution Standards in Shiraz City
Reyhane Dehghan Mehranghiz Rahimi Farhad nejad koorki Alireza Afshani Malihe AminiBackground and Purpose: In this study, the amount of exhaust emissions (carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons) from the exhaust of Peykan and Zamyad cars in Shiraz in the years between 2003-2011 was investigated and was compared with the standard environment. Materi MoreBackground and Purpose: In this study, the amount of exhaust emissions (carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons) from the exhaust of Peykan and Zamyad cars in Shiraz in the years between 2003-2011 was investigated and was compared with the standard environment. Materials & Methods: In this research, using systematic random sampling data from the 320 vehicles referring to Valiasr Technical Examination Center of Shiraz during 5 months was done. Measurement of exhaust outlet parameters was done by Gasoline Pollution Control Device and also Data analysis was done using SPSS software and independent t-test at 5% confidence level and then charts were drawn in Microsoft Excel software. Results: The results showed that in most cases, with updating cars model, the amount of HC and CO were decreased and the amount of these pollutants is at the standard level of the environment. So that the amount of carbon monoxide in Zamyad from 4.27 to 0.35 and in Peykan from 6.28 to 2.96 the volume percentages reached from 2003 to 2011 years. Also, the amount of unburned hydrocarbons decreased from 644 ppm to 78 ppm in the Zamyad and from 571 ppm to 298 ppm for Peykan in the period 2003 to 2011 And in both cars, emissions have been downward. Discussion & Conclusion: In general, the amount of exhaust pollutants from both cars will not have a disturbing effect on the health of residents in Shiraz. Therefore, it is hoped that with measures such as paying attention to environmental standards to eliminate air pollution, adjust and timely service of car engines and accessories to prevent the spread of air pollutants, prevent the traffic of high-pollution cars and timeworn cars can be taken an effective step to reduce air pollution in cities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Survey of Influential Factors Implementations Green Space and Strategic Approach to Urban development in the city of Shiraz (Case Study District Municipality)
Soleiman Mohamadidoost Mohammad Ali Khanizadeh Maliheh KeshavarzIt may be arguably the most important issue in urban development plans, and especially in the realization of the issue of realization for the benefit of the public and all stakeholders in the field of urban planning. Therefore, the process of preparation, approval and i MoreIt may be arguably the most important issue in urban development plans, and especially in the realization of the issue of realization for the benefit of the public and all stakeholders in the field of urban planning. Therefore, the process of preparation, approval and implementation of these plans must be such that while utilizing and utilizing all the potentials, capacities of the city's residents in the process of preparation and approval, they are also implemented in accordance with the wishes and needs of citizens in accordance with the principles and laws of urban planning and It should be an architecture that in practice has the most potential for implementation and realization. One of the most important uses and needs of citizens is urban green spaces, which unfortunately have the least feasibility due to the economist-oriented view of This research tries to examine the most important after reviewing the literature of the issue and expressing the importance and position of green space in the life of citizens and the concepts of urban development strategy as one of the newest approaches to the more realization of urban development plans and programs in district one of Shiraz city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and it is applied and after trying to study the per capita and existing levels of green space, changing the use of green space to other profit-oriented applications, reviewing Article 5 Commission files, obtaining opinions, it has to do with the authorities and the urban elite. Surveys show that unfortunately, due to lack of recognition and respect for the public and green spaces at the stage of preparation and approval of plans, especially regarding their potential ownership, lack of social conflicts, lack of attention to peripheral uses, etc. .., the uncertainty of the location and necessity of this landfill for the citizens and most importantly the lack of sufficient and sustainable municipal financial resources to maintain the landfill will lead to a change in the use of these spaces and their non-realization and ultimately their per capita decline. To citizens over time, the most important suggestion for reducing and resolving this problem can be to move towards public awareness among all the influential and empowering components of local government, especially in the field of sustainable financing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Assess knowledge and understanding people of Shiraz about the National Park Bamou
ZAHRA MONTASERI Mohammadreza AshrafzadehIn an age that we live, human with his insatiable greed areas of ecology and natural resources to spend your short-term goals and profit unaware that is the future ahead. Human environment overshadowed by tremendous progress of technology and every part of it is attacke MoreIn an age that we live, human with his insatiable greed areas of ecology and natural resources to spend your short-term goals and profit unaware that is the future ahead. Human environment overshadowed by tremendous progress of technology and every part of it is attacked. Now the national parks are as a valuable genetic reserves diverse animal and plant species in each country and is only basic support to revive again the nature. In this research that is descriptive and field research and was conducted in Shiraz, and has been done to assess knowledge and understanding of people of Shiraz about the national park Bamou. For this purpose, 384 questionnaires were distributed to systematically random between people of Shiraz based on their place of residence in the Ennead areas of municipalities. Descriptive statistics were obtained for all data and for investigating the relationship between the elements has been used of the chi-square test (Chi-square test). Softwares that were used are Excel and SPSS. In this study it was found that between the gender factor and the level of knowledge of national park Bamou there is a significant relationship. Also factors such as level of education and place of residence on the knowledge of persons of the national park Bamou is not effective, and familiarity with the National Park Bamou by friends and acquaintances is the highest percentage of How acquaintance with park, that Shows the advertising and activities of the Environmental Protection Agency of city of Shiraz and Fars Province in introduction of this national parkis not very effective and this organization as responsible of conservation of protected areas should be have more attention to these issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Recognition, classification and waste management of shiraz oil Refinery based on RCRA method
Parvin Sabet Eghlidi Hady Zarei Ghasem ali OmraniAbstractThe management of Industrial solid wastes such as oil sludge and un industrial wastes is one of themost appropriate methods for reducing the adverse effects of industrial activities on the environment.The purpose of this study is identifying and classification o MoreAbstractThe management of Industrial solid wastes such as oil sludge and un industrial wastes is one of themost appropriate methods for reducing the adverse effects of industrial activities on the environment.The purpose of this study is identifying and classification of wastes in order to manage them until thelast stage of waste management in shiraz oil refinery. The field study has been accomplished in Shirazoil refinery. Based on the research, after studying production process, the points of waste production,and the period of waste discharge, the type and tonnage of waste production were recognized. Thenspecific codes allocated to the recognized wastes by RCRA and separated to dangerous and nondangerouswastes. After recognizing the productive residues specified by rule's RCRA the resultsshowed that 43% of productive industrial wastes in Shiraz oil refinery are dangerous. Of totaldangerous wastes recognized, 91% were in the list of F (lists of dangerous wastes with unknownsource) and of 9% in K list (lists of dangerous wastes with specified source) so that, 54 % of wastemass have toxic properties, 22% of flammability, 23% reactive and 1% were corrosive. Finally, thecorrect way of productive residues in Shiraz oil refinery should be based on the hierarchical presentedof Environmental Protection Agency of America, and it was offered to use the new methods forreducing the production of oil sludge and suggested a place with the appropriate specifications in orderto Maintain the special industrial waste. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - An investigation on the same type of vegetation NDVI changes in different temperature levels of the mountain (Case study: ShirKouh mountains)
Hesan Akhavan Solmaz Amoushahi Ahad SetudehShirkouh mountain is located in Yazd province and is surrounded by arid and semi- arid regions. In fact, it means that this area is the coldest part of Yazd province. The geographic location of this mountain made it a very sensitive ecosystem. Due to these reasons, its MoreShirkouh mountain is located in Yazd province and is surrounded by arid and semi- arid regions. In fact, it means that this area is the coldest part of Yazd province. The geographic location of this mountain made it a very sensitive ecosystem. Due to these reasons, its vegetation cover plays a very important role in weather conditions and welfare of people living around. In present study some elements such as satellite images, Remote Sensing technology and Geographic Information System (GIS) were used for surveying climate changes. In this regard, the relationship between climate and temperature changes (as an indicator of climate) and changes in the amount of vegetation in two hot and cold months were obtained using the sampling and satellite data. The results showed that in April from low temperature to the high temperature NDVI index increased but in Jun, NDVI will increased before 11°and after that this amount will decreased. The NDVI in same type of plant was different in various classes of temperature ranges. This NDVI difference in various temperature classes in April (Colder period) was more visible than Jun (Warmer period). So it can be inferred that NDVI changes in the same vegetation type in different periods of the year is not change regularly because of elevation and temperature changes. The difference between the hot and cold habitats in a mountainous area can be reduced by increasing the ambient temperature, which is an appropriate indicator to assess the effects of climate change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Evaluation of Municipal Participation In promotion Of Municipal Housing Economy of the Citizens (Case Study Shiraz's Region 2)
Mohammad Taghi Razavian Mohammad Ali Khanizade Ali DalirMunicipality participation in planning has always been far-reaching and that's why city planners have tried in municipal decisions, in terms of informing citizens and with their cooperation, implement your plan. This article isn't an analytical and descriptive library a MoreMunicipality participation in planning has always been far-reaching and that's why city planners have tried in municipal decisions, in terms of informing citizens and with their cooperation, implement your plan. This article isn't an analytical and descriptive library and field methods for assessing the economic participation of District 2 City of Shiraz in the promotion of urban housing. The main tool survey questionnaire and using spectrum - point Likert seeks to test hypothesis is research assumptions by initially All data questionnaires software environment spss the validity of this study was taken through Cronbach's numerical value 0.839 ), was calculated , the number of questionnaires through Cochrane formula and error factor 5 % equal 140 (a number equal number of questionnaires through the formula to 384 , according to the number of professors 140 acting number) and after being normal and abnormal data from a good fit testing the best way to measure the single sample t - test assumptions and Kendall thirty is used. Research results through Kendall thirty exams showed that gender and intensity between them and the weakness of the municipal corporate performance in housing projects there is a significant relationship with a probability of 95 % can be claimed between gender and satisfaction with the performance of the poor municipality solidarity, but there is a significant, The second assumption research in single sample t - test also suggests that it is important that with the possibility of 95 % can be claimed that the turnout in terms of people under less than 50 percent of the sample. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Ecological capability assessment of Urban, Rural and Industrial, development in Shiraz Township and evaluation of current establishment of these areas using Geographic Information System (GIS)
Parviz Jokar Masoud MasoudiIt is obvious for all to take into consideration intellectual and systematic methods in management and optimum using of resources especially natural resources. Inappropriate residential and industrial development, causing damage to agricultural and natural resources are MoreIt is obvious for all to take into consideration intellectual and systematic methods in management and optimum using of resources especially natural resources. Inappropriate residential and industrial development, causing damage to agricultural and natural resources areas, and expand to the vulnerable zones, such as flood areas and unsuitable slopes causing destroying the ecological balance and sustainability in land. The essential of ecological capability evaluation of urban, rural and industrial development is meant objectivity to capability of land potential. The purpose of this study is evaluation of ecological potential of urban, rural and industrial development in Shiraz Township. In this regard, Township of Shiraz was assessed with overlaying information layers and concluded them by using GIS technology. In this research the eleven indicators in five general criteria of physiography, climate, geology, soil and vegetation cover were used. Also evaluation was done based on Boolean logic (And logic) and modifying of classification for indicators used in Makhdoum Model. Assessment results were presented in two classes of nearly suitable (2) and unsuitable (3). Also in this research percent of potential classes for assessing current establishment of industrial, rural and urban land uses were evaluated by overlaying industrial, rural and urban layers on ecological potential map. Results show that most of urban areas are located in suitable class of 2 and most of industrial and rural areas are located in unsuitable class of 3. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - A comparative study of how to use syntactic and grammatical rules with a formalistic approach in the poems of Akhwan Tahalit and Adonis
azam alsadat hashemian shahri mohammad shahbadizadeh reza ashrafzadehIn order to create his poetry, every poet inevitably deviates from some grammar principles and rules, and he always tries to express the meaning in a clear way; Because otherwise, he has taken a step in the insignificance of poetry and poets. One of the ways to know the MoreIn order to create his poetry, every poet inevitably deviates from some grammar principles and rules, and he always tries to express the meaning in a clear way; Because otherwise, he has taken a step in the insignificance of poetry and poets. One of the ways to know the poetry of any poet is to pay attention to the syntactic and grammatical rules used in that poem, to examine how the relationships between the parts and elements of a sentence are considered, considering the rules that are considered within the structure of a sentence with a specific language. It determines the syntactic and grammatical structure of each poem.In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the use of syntactic and grammatical rules with a formalist approach in the poems of the Third Brotherhood and Adonis with a comparative and analytical method. In this regard, the shifting of sentence elements, deletion, use of verbs, etc. in the poems of the two poets in question were investigated. The results of the research show that Adonis is more advanced in the components of departure from syntactic rules, moving sentence elements, introducing and delaying, and deleting sentence elements compared to Akhwan, and Akhwan has been able to avoid more syntactic norms in the field of using old Persian and archaic words. Get from Adonis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - A Study on the Meanings of the Palace in the Hidden Layers of Hafez and Sanai Ghaznavi’s Words
Roqiyeh Shafi’ Zadeh Saeed Farzaneh Fard Hossein NovinPoetry has beauties whose recognition of which deals with several topics. Discovering the outermost layer of poetry is related to the words of the couplet which is related to rhetoric science. After this layer is the expression science; but the hidden beauty that requir MorePoetry has beauties whose recognition of which deals with several topics. Discovering the outermost layer of poetry is related to the words of the couplet which is related to rhetoric science. After this layer is the expression science; but the hidden beauty that requires enough attention and concentration to find is the one related to rhetoric and knowledge of meanings and plays an effective role in the artistic creation and poetry beauty. One of the most important tasks of rhetoric, especially semantics, is to help human in the accurate transmission of his inner thoughts and feelings. Hafez is one of the powerful poets of the eighth century who has a powerful language and is influential and skilled in applying the techniques of the meanings of poetry. In this article the meanings of the palace in the Hafez Shirazi and Sanai Ghaznavi’s odes have been studied and the method is librarian. The results of the research show that Hafez’s art in applying such meanings penetrates the framework of sentences in a way that it cannot be easily obtained in the superstructure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - A Study on the Effects of Comparative Literature in "In the Waves of Sindh" and "The Assassination of Sultan Tajuddin"
Fereshteh NaseriPoems that narrate the events and historical happenings of a nation have a prominent place in literary texts since they have the proudness consequences in the culture of that nation. Meanwhile, Hamidi Shirazi's poem "In the Waves of Sindh", which has Iranian educational MorePoems that narrate the events and historical happenings of a nation have a prominent place in literary texts since they have the proudness consequences in the culture of that nation. Meanwhile, Hamidi Shirazi's poem "In the Waves of Sindh", which has Iranian educational, historical and epic components against Mongol’s assault, and on the other hand, a similar poem in Arabic literature entitled "The Assassination of Sultan Tajuddin" by Mohammad Al Quri – Sudanese poet – narrator of Masalit Tribes in Sudan with the French colonization in 1910, known as the Battle of Dorothy are of this category. In this research, two mentioned poems have been studied and adapted based on the American school of comparative literature to find out what arrangements these two poets have enjoyed in expressing the social relations of their poems and to what extent their words have been able and successful in creating a suitable poetic atmosphere, characterization of the heroes and applying various signs and symbols. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Analysis and adaptation of Shirvani's Safa al-Qulob and Sheikh Baha'i's Nan and Halwa based on Genet's theory of transtextuality
ayat shokati Mohammad reza BeigiTo create his work, the poet or writer is challenged with a world of impressions from other texts in his mind, and he creates with the connection he has with his previous or contemporary works, and in this way, he establishes a link between the texts in different ways. MoreTo create his work, the poet or writer is challenged with a world of impressions from other texts in his mind, and he creates with the connection he has with his previous or contemporary works, and in this way, he establishes a link between the texts in different ways. which can be studied and analyzed as transtextuality. Bread and halwa is a text that Shirvani was influenced by in writing Safa al-Qulob. Both works are educational-mystical works. Since Genet's transtextuality is much broader than other intertextual theories in terms of division and detail, the main goal of this research is to discover the types of transtextual relationships between Safa al-Qulob and bread and halwa. In this article, an attempt has been made to answer this question by comparative-analytical-documentary method, which of the divisions of Genet's transtextuality theory is exemplified in a comparative comparison between Safa al-Qulob and Nan and Halwa? The results of the research show that Shirvani has consciously established an intertextual relationship with nan and halwa, and in this regard, there are various types of transtextual relationships, including intertextuality (explicit, indirect, and implied), paratextuality, metatextuality, sertextuality, and hypertextuality (coherence and transtextuality) has benefited Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - The applied comparison between Fereydoon Moshiri and Albert Camus’s thoughts
Sayed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni Mahnaz KaramiHuman thoughts and his attitude to himself, God and the nature created the literature schools. According to this great influence, we decided to compare two phrases which can be an abstract of the East and West theories. In this contrast, we received that “Albert C MoreHuman thoughts and his attitude to himself, God and the nature created the literature schools. According to this great influence, we decided to compare two phrases which can be an abstract of the East and West theories. In this contrast, we received that “Albert Camus” with his clause “I rebel, thus I am“ has been considered only one of human existence aspects, which is rebellion and looked at human with one eye; so he has reached an incomplete, wrong and one-dimentional cognition of human that causes his separation from his own nature. While, thinkers as “Fereidoon Moshiri” with religious background and a better understanding of human connect him to other creatures with “friendly and lovely feel” and considered the view of “unity in multiplicity”. Manuscript profile -
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94 - A Study on Nizami’s Khosrow & Shirin and Jamil ibn Ma'mar’s Divan from Feminism School Viewpoint
Reyhaneh Sardar Ali Ganjiyan Khonaari Ebrahim DibajiWomen have always had special status in various cultures and in all eras and their statuses have changed according to each era’s culture and tradition. In the history of Iran after Islam which was coincided with Umayyad civilization and culture, woman had remarkab MoreWomen have always had special status in various cultures and in all eras and their statuses have changed according to each era’s culture and tradition. In the history of Iran after Islam which was coincided with Umayyad civilization and culture, woman had remarkable role and two mentioned cultures owned obvious differences and similarities in the field of women’s cultural and social status partially. Khosrow & Shirin by Nizami was an iconoclast work in spite of an ancient background. On the other hand an Arab poet (Jamil ibn Ma'mar) – in Arabic literature –lived in an era in which women had no specific value; but the abovementioned poet paid special attention to women and their values in his poetries whose works aid us to study the aforesaid subject in Nizami’s Khosrow & Shirin and Jamil ibn Ma'mar’s Divan comparatively. Manuscript profile -
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95 - The Literary Array of Paradox in John Donne and Saadi Shirazi’s Works
Fatemeh Azizmohammadi Hamedreza Kohzadi"Paradox" as a literary array plays an important role in the literature of East and West, particularly in Persian Greek and English literature. Using paradox is a method of literary criticism, including a review of ambiguous statements, deduction and subsequent concept More"Paradox" as a literary array plays an important role in the literature of East and West, particularly in Persian Greek and English literature. Using paradox is a method of literary criticism, including a review of ambiguous statements, deduction and subsequent concept of them .Both Saadi Shirazi and John Donne use the paradox to investigate the dominant contradictions that are, to some extent, incomprehensible to ordinary readers. This paper attempts to review and examine the challenge of the readers’ public understanding through the contradictions occuring in their minds by reading these two poets’ poems .This article seeks also to show how the emergence of such thoughts, and goals of these two poets in the application of the paradox Manuscript profile -
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96 - A Comparative Study of Romantic Themes in the Poetry of Fereydoon Moshiri and Nizar Qabbani
Mehdi Momtahen Momtahen Leila KhoshkamBasically, the comparative study of literary works is possible through two schools, the French and the American. In the American school a critic studies and analyzes the works of two authors or poets regardless of the concept of influence. In this school the existence o MoreBasically, the comparative study of literary works is possible through two schools, the French and the American. In the American school a critic studies and analyzes the works of two authors or poets regardless of the concept of influence. In this school the existence of common concepts and themes is regarded as sufficient ground for a comparative analysis. If the two poets concerned are contemporary, like Qabbani and Khalil Matran, the study would be called a balance, and if the comparison involves the style and diction of two poets of different languages, like Qabbani and Moshiri, the study would be called a comparison. Thus, the current study compares the romantic poems of Nizar Qabbani and Fereydoon Moshiri focusing on their common romantic themes and notions. Manuscript profile -
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97 - A Comparative Study on Thematic and Characterization Similarities in “Khosrow and Shirin” and “Romeo and Juliet”
Ahmad Tahān Leyla Javad poorThere are very few romantic works in the sky of World Literature that can compete with Love poem of Khosrow and Shirin by Nezami. Perhaps the only work that can be compared with this masterpiece is Romeo and Juliet, the tragic love story that is full of l MoreThere are very few romantic works in the sky of World Literature that can compete with Love poem of Khosrow and Shirin by Nezami. Perhaps the only work that can be compared with this masterpiece is Romeo and Juliet, the tragic love story that is full of literary delicacies and lyrical beauties by the unique poet and playwright in English literature, William Shakespeare. Using a comparative approach, this article aims to study the similarities of the two stories in characterization and theme in order to clarify the neglected aspects of these two valuable and eternal works. Manuscript profile -
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98 - The utopia thoughts in “Fereidoon Moshiri” and “Adonis”’s poems Mohammad
Mohammad Reza Hajibabaee Sahar YousefizadehIdealism and having an ideal society (Utopia) is the greatest aspiration that has preoccupied the mind of human who has been seeking perfection. Literature realm has provided an extensive field for poets and writers to propose their notions. Persian and Arab classic poe MoreIdealism and having an ideal society (Utopia) is the greatest aspiration that has preoccupied the mind of human who has been seeking perfection. Literature realm has provided an extensive field for poets and writers to propose their notions. Persian and Arab classic poets have not neglected this matter either, and have tried to depict their ideal world through different perspectives and thereby have left diverse works. Furthermore, the footprint of idealism and that of the imagination of an ideal world in modern works also can be easily perceived and we can characterize the desired world through the poems of contemporary poets. Fereidoon Moshiri and Adonis are regarded as two modernist innovative poets of Persian and Arab literatures, who paid great attention to utopia in their poems. From this point of view, we can find some similarities in their works. The present article has surveyed some of the features and components of the ideal world from the perspective of these two poets and it deals, within possible limits, with the similarities of their thoughts in this field. Manuscript profile -
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99 - The Time of Sa‘di and His Works in Khāleq Mirzāzādeh’s Research
A’zam Khoday DādofKhāleq Mirzāzādeh is a great ctitic and researcher in Tajikistan. He was familiar with Sa‘di’s works, especially Golestān and Boustān , from his teen years; and he created estimable researches about Sa‘di through studying of and searchin MoreKhāleq Mirzāzādeh is a great ctitic and researcher in Tajikistan. He was familiar with Sa‘di’s works, especially Golestān and Boustān , from his teen years; and he created estimable researches about Sa‘di through studying of and searching in his works. It should be mentioned that there are worthwhile researches done in Tajikistan in relation to Sa‘di’s eventful life and his literary heritage. These researches begins with Master Sadr al-Din ‘Eini’s treatise titled “Sheikh Mosleh al-Din Shirāzi” and continues with Khāleq Mirzāzādeh’s researches. This article tries to study Master Khāleq Mirzāzādeh’s viewpoints about Sa‘di’s life and works and to introduce this researcher’s thoughts to Iranian readers. Manuscript profile -
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100 - The Assessment of the Effects of the Natural Environment of Khurassan and Shiraz on the Formation and Elevation of Epic and Sonnet
Hajar Jokar Maryam Parhizkari Seyed Jafar HamidiGreat Khorasan and Persian literature have an irrefrangible linkage. Wherever we talk about literature, poets, authors and great literary works, it is undoubtedly associated with one of the cities of Khorasan. This wide area is considered as a proper place for the growt MoreGreat Khorasan and Persian literature have an irrefrangible linkage. Wherever we talk about literature, poets, authors and great literary works, it is undoubtedly associated with one of the cities of Khorasan. This wide area is considered as a proper place for the growth, development and evolution of different literary works and literary genres due to its natural properties and special situation. Epic is one of the literary genres embedded in Khorasan, and Tous is considered as the cradle of this ancient literary type. Shiraz is also a city whose name is associated with sonnet and Persian sonnet due to great poets such as Sa’di and Hafiz reached its summit in this city. Khorasan and Shiraz are considered as the best places for formation and elevation of sonnet and epic in Iran. Based on Holy Qoran and Nahjol Belagheh and viewpoints of thinkers such as Ace Sina, Ibn – e Khaldoun, Montesquieu, the present study aims to explore the impact of natural environment of Khorasan and Shiraz on the evolution of sonnet and epic. Manuscript profile -
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101 - Recognition of Four Manuscripts of Abdi Beig Shirazi's Works (Systems of Bahr Masjur, Manshur Shahi, Moravvaj Al-Asvagh and Mohayyaj Al-Ashvagh)
Ali Shahsavari Amirbanoo Karimi Abolfazl MoradiKhawajeh Zayn al-Abedin Ali ibn Abd al-Mu'men Shirazi is one of the historians and poets of the tenth century AH. He has used the two pseudonyms of Navidi and Abdi in his poetry and he is able to imitate them. He has composed three Khamsehs following Nezami and "Bustan MoreKhawajeh Zayn al-Abedin Ali ibn Abd al-Mu'men Shirazi is one of the historians and poets of the tenth century AH. He has used the two pseudonyms of Navidi and Abdi in his poetry and he is able to imitate them. He has composed three Khamsehs following Nezami and "Bustan Khayal" following Saadi's "Bustan" and Haft Masnavi of "Khazaen al-Malakut" imitating "Haft Orang" of Jami and has many works on poetry and prose, some of which are still unknown or have not been corrected, and because 40 years in the court of ShahTahmaseb has been Mostofi, his poetry contains important contents from this period of our country's history. His poetry in these Masnavi should be considered as a new type of poetry and with the necessary scientific caution, it can be said that the title of the educational-propaganda poem is suitable for it. His "Khazaen Al-Malakut" has seven sections or treasuries, and two copies of it have been identified so far, but none of its systems have been corrected, and it is feared that at any moment, a manuscript will be removed by accidental or negligence; haste in correcting this version is justified and necessary. Manuscript profile -
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102 - A Comparative Study of Interpretation in Al-Safi and Al-Quran Al-Azim Interpretations
Somayye Khari Aarani Rahmatollah Abdollah Zadeh AaraniFayz Kashani is one of the commentators with philosophical-mystical treasures on the one hand and Qur'anic-Hadithic interests on the other has esoteric approach to the Qur'an's Verses. He considers interpretation beyond the meaning of the word as their real meaning MoreFayz Kashani is one of the commentators with philosophical-mystical treasures on the one hand and Qur'anic-Hadithic interests on the other has esoteric approach to the Qur'an's Verses. He considers interpretation beyond the meaning of the word as their real meanings. Ibn Kathis is (also) one of the commentators who has added that the word "interpretation" applied in Quran means expression and explanation while accepting Ibn ibn Taymiyyah's opinion about the meaning of interpretation in Qur'an; this interpretation is influenced by the interpretations of Tabari's " Jāmiʿ al-bayān" as well as ibn Taymiyyah's "interpretive principles". The origin of the formation of such interpretation on one hand and the interpretive methods of the interpreter on the other hand have given this interpretation special features that make it worthy of follow up. Comparing these two works from conceptual and methodological point of view could be effective on clarifying the concept of interpretation in these two areas. In both abovementioned interpretations, sometimes due to the existence of common approaches to the meaning of the verse they have been shared in them. This article studies Ibn Kathir and Fayz Kashani's approach to interpretations and compares their explanations. Manuscript profile -
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103 - A Survey on Jalali’s Interpretation Manuscript by Jalal e Din Shirazi
Zohreh Ma’aref Ali RaadNecessity of Shiite interpretive heritage is clear for all. One way to express the vital Quranic learnings is to survey and analyze interpretations. Recognizing more than 100 interpreter in Fars interpretation schools during 15 centuries makes us familiar with Jalal e D MoreNecessity of Shiite interpretive heritage is clear for all. One way to express the vital Quranic learnings is to survey and analyze interpretations. Recognizing more than 100 interpreter in Fars interpretation schools during 15 centuries makes us familiar with Jalal e Din Shirazi (1877 - 1952) and Jalali Interpretation. The only manuscript of the mentioned interpretation belongs to Ahmadi Khaneghah Library in Shiraz. The present article discovers this interpretation’s criteria by analyzing the 19 vol. manuscript for the first time and the method is descriptive – analytical. It is remarkable to state that the reader of the interpretation initially finds the author a royalist but in fact the mentioned collection is the political status of the interpreter in Pahlavi era. The findings of the research show that the interpreter paid attention to Quran to Quran (comparison) method by citing traditions and considers the form of social and ethical framework for his interpretation in appearance but Jihadi – political framework in fact. Manuscript profile -
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104 - Investigation the bezi and ghonbo,s method of recitation in two suras of nesa and maedeh”
Mehdi Momtahen Akhtar SoltaniiAfter the age of predecessors and dependants some figures became very famous in recitation of holy quran and were recognized as specialist among others. One of these experts was ebne-kathir maki who has been reported by many narrators to be the the main figure in MoreAfter the age of predecessors and dependants some figures became very famous in recitation of holy quran and were recognized as specialist among others. One of these experts was ebne-kathir maki who has been reported by many narrators to be the the main figure in this connection. Among these narrators are bezi and ghonbol who have been referring to him more freguantly and have gained fame in this connection. This study aims at investigation the proper rules of correct recitation.to fulfill this goal, at first ebne- kathir is characterized and then bezi and ghonbol,s method of recitation as the main narrrators of ebne- kathir is investigated in two holy suras namely, nesa and maedeh Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - The appearance of the semantic art of Jareh letters in the second and third parts of the Holy Quran
Mohammad Reza Shali Majid MohammadiThe unique Moshef of the Qur'an has a special semantic divan which is shown in the meaningful diven of Arabic literature and the grammar of this word is the alphabet of this expression, and the syntax of the word includes the solidarity and coherent communication of the MoreThe unique Moshef of the Qur'an has a special semantic divan which is shown in the meaningful diven of Arabic literature and the grammar of this word is the alphabet of this expression, and the syntax of the word includes the solidarity and coherent communication of the Qur'an, which is even a rhetorical meaning that guides the fulfillment of the correct meaning. According to the lack of semantic independence, but the deep centrality in this semantic dependence with its own art, Jareh letters play an important role in establishing the correct meaning. Jareh letters can convey the communication bridge of meaning transfer to the addressee according to their identity card. Now, this dependence of meaning plays role on the domination of belonging and its relation with the Jar letters, especially in the third and fourth parts of the Holy Quran, and its main and virtual meaning, which is in the caravan of rhetoric, that accompanied to the Jar letter. This rhetorical event creates a semantic art image between the belonging and the Jareh letters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - A Comparative Study of the Action Pattern in the Short Stories of Mahmoud Teymour and Jamalzadeh
esmaeil eslamiAlgerdas Julien Garmas, one of the leading theorists of structuralist narratology, has presented a systematic theory of action model in character analysis, which is very flexible and has a greater capacity for story analysis than other models of theorists. In this descr MoreAlgerdas Julien Garmas, one of the leading theorists of structuralist narratology, has presented a systematic theory of action model in character analysis, which is very flexible and has a greater capacity for story analysis than other models of theorists. In this descriptive-analytical study, based on library studies, an attempt is made to examine Garmas' pattern of action in the collection of short stories "Al-Shabab and al-Ghaniyat" by Mahmoud Teymour, a contemporary Egyptian writer, and a collection of short stories. "Talkh and Shirin" by Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh, a contemporary Iranian writer. The aim of this study is to achieve the degree of conformity of these two effects with Garmas action pattern. The result of this research shows that the short stories of Mahmoud Teymour's "Al-Shabab and Al-Ghaniyat" and Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh's "Talkh and Shirin" are similar in terms of narrative system, small number of characters and multiple roles of actors, with the difference that In the stories of Mahmoud Teymour, the actors are only human; But in Jamalzadeh's stories, the actors are divided into two groups of human and animal characters, and in general, it can be said that the short stories of both authors are compatible with Garmas' theory of action. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Thirst in the epic of Karbala
Saeideh Mir Hagh Joo Langroudi Fatemeh Ali Nejad ChamazkatiIn literary texts, water is a symbol of science, life, purity and light. In mystical texts, this element finds deeper meanings and becomes a symbol of inner purity, eternal life and divine light and manifestations. In these texts, in accordance with the symbolic concept MoreIn literary texts, water is a symbol of science, life, purity and light. In mystical texts, this element finds deeper meanings and becomes a symbol of inner purity, eternal life and divine light and manifestations. In these texts, in accordance with the symbolic concepts of water, the symbol of thirst will have a special meaning. Expressing the seeker's passion for reaching his beloved is its most prominent meaning. The story of water and thirst in the event of Ashura is rooted in facts; But the expression of mystical and symbolic interpretations of events and happenings related to water and thirst is very thought-provoking. Especially that these mystical interpretations are mixed with poetic performances and have given a new color and smell to the sayings and actions of those present in this scene of history. Seeking water sometimes means seeking the status of annihilation in the sheikh. Sometimes, annihilation in the name of God and Saqayat means taking the water of knowledge and truth from the monotheism and conveying it to those who are thirsty for the principle. These interpretations are rooted in our mystical texts and poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Quranic Intertexuality in Sa'adi's poetry
Kheriyeh Echresh Ammar Sorkheh Sayed Yusif Nejat Nejad Mahmood Reza Tavakkoly MmohammadyPersian literature especially and world literature generally are proud of having a unique and gentle poet who associated word literature with values of humanity; the meanings and values which beautifies literary summits and associations. By following poetic associations MorePersian literature especially and world literature generally are proud of having a unique and gentle poet who associated word literature with values of humanity; the meanings and values which beautifies literary summits and associations. By following poetic associations - in anywhere of the world - which has superior feelings and elegant emotion, a footprint of Sa'adi would be found. By studying and researching about this poet we have found out that he versed many poems (Ode) in Arabic. When the poetry have been distinguished,) were surprised about his ability in saying poem in Arabic and creating art through Arabic and Persian poem. We found out that many meanings of poem in his Odes are distinguished by Qur'anic culture. Therefore it is remarkable to state that some of intertexual texts in his poetry have some kind of implications of Quranic intertextuality. Manuscript profile -
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109 - Contradiction in Muhammad Mahdi al-Jawahiri’s Poetry
Hussein Shamsabadi Mehdi Momtahen Raheem AnsaripourThe Current study examines contradictions in Muhammad Mahdi al-Jawahiri’s political poetry. Al-Jawahiri led most of his life amidst the turmoil caused by the political events and developments that Iraq has undergone through different periods beginning with the 192 MoreThe Current study examines contradictions in Muhammad Mahdi al-Jawahiri’s political poetry. Al-Jawahiri led most of his life amidst the turmoil caused by the political events and developments that Iraq has undergone through different periods beginning with the 1920 Revolution led by religious leaders and ending with al-Ba‘th Party and Saddam Hussein. Al-Jawahiri has beencontradictory in his poems onal-Ba‘th Party, religious leaders, the contemporary Islamic movement, and the red communist tide which dominated Iraq in Abd al-Karim Qasim’s era. Al-Jawahiri has assumed such ironic and sarcastic stances toward events through his poems. An in-depth inspection of the true nature of his political positions demands an objective and historical study of his political poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - The Coded Concepts of Fighting Cities in the Resistance Poetry of Mohammad Darvish
Mohammad Hasan AmraeiThe code in all its forms is one of the most important elements in the artistic structure and aesthetics of Arabic contemporary poetry. Reflecting on cryptography, we see that it has been interpreted several times and it is rooted in the literature more than ever. It ha MoreThe code in all its forms is one of the most important elements in the artistic structure and aesthetics of Arabic contemporary poetry. Reflecting on cryptography, we see that it has been interpreted several times and it is rooted in the literature more than ever. It has cast a heavy shadow of semantics on the language of contemporary poetry and its use has been a common feature of most contemporary poets in a way that they have indulged to use it to express their special experiences and feelings in various ways. From this point of view, Mahmoud Darvish's poetry in his recent divans has been distinguished due to the numerous, deep and inspiring use of various place codes, especially cities; In a way that the value of his poetry in terms of the level of innovation has reached the basis of the greatest poetic works of the twentieth century. This article examines the urban codes in the poetry of Mahmoud Darvish and examines the quality of its use and aesthetics through contemplation on the words and symbolic references. Our method in this research is inductive and descriptive-analytical and based on examining the text and extracting important urban codes in his divans, and based on the nature of the text in terms of its special development and artistic and aesthetic abilities. Manuscript profile -
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111 - The rule of causing indirect damage (tasbib) an and its relationship with the rule of causing direct damage (itlaf)
Esmat sadat Tabatabaei Lotfy محمود روشنیقاعدة تسبیب از جمله قواعد فقهی مؤثر در باب ضمان است. بر اساس این قاعده اگر شخصی با واسطه سبب ورود خسارت به دیگری شود، در صورت انتساب خسارت به او ضامن خواهد بود.مستندات این قاعده روایات و اجماع است که روایات مربوطه بیشترین نقش را در اثبات قاعده دارند.قاعدة تسبیب رابطة تن Moreقاعدة تسبیب از جمله قواعد فقهی مؤثر در باب ضمان است. بر اساس این قاعده اگر شخصی با واسطه سبب ورود خسارت به دیگری شود، در صورت انتساب خسارت به او ضامن خواهد بود.مستندات این قاعده روایات و اجماع است که روایات مربوطه بیشترین نقش را در اثبات قاعده دارند.قاعدة تسبیب رابطة تنگاتنگی با قاعدة اتلاف دارد. بر اساس قاعدة اتلاف اگر شخص به طور مستقیم و مباشرتاً موجب ورود خسارت به دیگری شود، ضامن جبران خسارت است. همچنین در صورت اجتماع سبب و مباشر، مباشر ضامن است مگر در صورتی که سبب اقوی از مباشر باشد که در این صورت بر اساس قاعدة تسبیب، سبب مسئول جبران خسارت خواهد بود. در اینکه آیا اتلاف و تسبیب دو قاعده اند یا دو قسم از یک قاعده، نظریات مختلفی ارائه شده است که در هر صورت چه ما این دو را یک قاعده یا دو قاعدة مستقل در نظر بگیریم تمایزاتی بین آندو وجود دارد. از جمله اینکه: در ضمان اتلاف، تقصیر، شرط نیست ولی انتساب شرط است اما در تسبیب، علاوه بر انساب تقصیر نیز شرط است. لذا در دعاوی مطرح شده تحت عنوان تسبیب، زیان دیده باید علاوه بر اثبات زیان، وجود تقصیر را نیز اثبات نماید. همچنین در اتلاف همیشه فعل مثبت موجب ورود خسارت است و هیچگاه ترک فعل از مصادیق اتلاف نمی تواند باشد در حالیکه در تسبیب علاوه بر اینکه در اثر فعل مثبت، زیان متوجه غیر می گردد با ترک فعل هم زیان متصور می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Comparing the Role of Elites in the Process of Economic Development of Iran and Malaysia with an Emphasis on the Theory of Adrian Leftwich
Rahim eini reza delavariThe purpose of this study is to compare the economic performance of Mahathir Bin Mohamad’s government in Malaysia and Seyyed Mohammad Khatami’s in the Islamic Republic of Iran based on “Adrian Leftwich's” theory of the role of political structure MoreThe purpose of this study is to compare the economic performance of Mahathir Bin Mohamad’s government in Malaysia and Seyyed Mohammad Khatami’s in the Islamic Republic of Iran based on “Adrian Leftwich's” theory of the role of political structure and government in the economic growth and development of countries. The present study’s research method is library research and descriptive analytical research. Considering the common points in the thoughts of Seyyed Mohammad Khatami and Mahathir Bin Mohamad on economic development, this study examines the reasons behind the weaker performance of Seyyed Mohammad Khatami compared with his counterpart in Malaysia. The findings suggest that, despite Khatami's and Mahatir Bin Mohammad's similar economic views, Khatami was unable to fully implement his economic plans due to the lack of authority and power of the president in determining the economic policies of Iran. While the political structure and compliance of other Malaysian political institutions from Mahathir Bin Mohamad led him to move Malaysia towards economic development using his economic plans. Therefore, Iran's economic development requires a national consensus and support for established economic policies. In sum, economic development requires a calm and low-tension environment, the internal solidarity among the elite of the community, political and religious pluralism, political stability, and a culture of collective efforts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - A Survey on the Degree of the Acquaintance of the Seminary‐School Students and University Students in Qom with Imam Khomeini’s Political Jurisprudence
Ali Akbari Mo’alem Ne’matollah KaramollahiThe present article is a survey on the amount of the acquaintance of the seminary‐school students and university students of the third generation of the& MoreThe present article is a survey on the amount of the acquaintance of the seminary‐school students and university students of the third generation of the Islamic revolution in Qom with Imam Khomeini’s political jurisprudence in his political thoughts. The sample in this survey consisted of 600 participants chosen through a mixed method sampling (quota‐stratified),who answered a questionnaire. The findings of the research revealed that the amount of the acquaintance of the seminary‐school students and university students in Qomwith Imam Khomeini’s political jurisprudence in his political thoughts is 74.01 percent; furthermore, the findings showed that the participants’ gender, marital status, residential status (urban/rural) had no influence in this regard. Meanwhile, their place of education, age, and education level influenced the level of their acquaintance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Lifestyle in Nahj al-Balaghah and its Reflection in Saadi's Works
Fatemeh Gooshehneshin Maryam Shafiee Taban Behnam FealiPaying attention to lifestyle is one of the essential issues in today's societies. This concept reflects the full range of ideas, values and social activities that distinguish societies. The Islamic way of life consists of interconnected sets of behavioral patterns in v MorePaying attention to lifestyle is one of the essential issues in today's societies. This concept reflects the full range of ideas, values and social activities that distinguish societies. The Islamic way of life consists of interconnected sets of behavioral patterns in various fields of human life. Nahj al-Balaghah, as one of the main Islamic sources, includes various characteristics of lifestyle in various fields. Since Saadi is the product of Islamic culture, he has mentioned many cases of lifestyle in his works, which are reminiscent of the components of lifestyle in Nahj al-Balaghah. The present paper tries to rely on the descriptive-analytical method to influence Saadi's lifestyle in Nahj al-Balaghah. The results of the research show that Saadi has been influenced by Nahj al-Balaghah in various mental and objective components of lifestyle, with the difference that Imam Ali (AS) has analyzed each component in different fields such as belief, social, political, military, economic, but Saadi's studies on the mentioned components are more limited and It is not as extensive as the components mentioned in Nahj al-Balaghah. Manuscript profile -
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115 - Analytical study of the topics and terms of traditional medicine in Masnavi "Man and Salvi" by Nemat Khan Aali Shirazi
Majid Mohseni Vadeghani Ahmad Khatami Abolfazl Moradi rasta"Manno Salva Masnavi" or "Sokhane Aali" is a moral, mystical, martingale and social book of poems that is one of "Nemat Khan Aali Shirazi" 's books. He was an Iranian poet and medical doctor who was living at 11th and 12th century AH. “Aali” was More"Manno Salva Masnavi" or "Sokhane Aali" is a moral, mystical, martingale and social book of poems that is one of "Nemat Khan Aali Shirazi" 's books. He was an Iranian poet and medical doctor who was living at 11th and 12th century AH. “Aali” was living in India and he was a worthy person in "Orang Zib" and the king "Bahador" 's palace. He went to Orang Zib’s palace as a doctor and started writing and rhyming and gloried as “Nemat Khan”, “Mogharab Khan” and “Daneshmand Khan” by Orang Zib and King Bahador. Manno Salva Masnavi is a collection of mystical, moral and social stories. "Aali" has written some medical contents in this book, such as the names of diseases, the patients' symptoms, the ways of treatments, drugs, medicinal plants and ethics in medicine. Some of these subjects have been ignored until now. At the end of this project, the results indicates that, at first “Awli” was one of the proficient doctor of court despite he was introduced as a poet in the biographies. He was trying to introduce the illnesses, drugs and pharmaceutical plants with explanation of medical subjects in his stories. Second, his manner in advising, general medicine training and medical morality is considerable. Third, this mathnawi can be used in the traditional medicine researches and iran and india scientific relationships. In this article I used library method and analyzed this subject with other related books. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - The Stylistic study of the poems of Azhari Shirazi’s Resaleh- ye Kamal (Treatise of maturity)
Fariba Chini Fateme Sadat Taheri Abdorreza ModarreszadeThe present article studies the style of poems of Budagh Azhari Shirazi (B. 991 A.H.), who is an unknown poet of the Safavid era. Azharis’ collection of poems, which he called the treatise of Kamal, has about eleven thousand verses; but it has not been published y MoreThe present article studies the style of poems of Budagh Azhari Shirazi (B. 991 A.H.), who is an unknown poet of the Safavid era. Azharis’ collection of poems, which he called the treatise of Kamal, has about eleven thousand verses; but it has not been published yet. Our knowledge of him is limited to what can be deduced from his poems. The author with a descriptive-analytical approach tries answer these questions: which of the poetic styles does Azhari followed in his poems and what are the characteristics of his poems in three levels of language, literature and thought? She tries to prove that the poet tends to Khorasani poetry in linguistic features, and the literary aspects of his poems reflect the poetic features of the Iraqi style. Azhari has paid special attention to Khaghani and Anvari poems. Praise and eulogy, virtual love and sometimes Voqugui and Vasukhti, description of the beloved, lampoon, satire, and Saghinameh are the main themes of Azhari’s poetry. The use of ancient words, the ancient form words, Arabic words and phrases, composition, ancient grammatical rules, the use of compound simile, preferential simile, implicit simile and implicit metaphors, that more of them are personification, and imagery, allusion, phantastic etiology, oxymoron, congerise and palilogy are some of the remarkable features of his style, thus the author that corrected the Azhari’s collection of poems tries to explain the stylistic features of his poet and help to know his impression in Persian poetry for the first time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Investigation and analysis of two archetypes of anima and animus, in the stories of Khosrow, Shirin, Lily and Majnoon of Nezami
KhAdigeh Mortezaie Ahmad Hasani Ranjbar Mahdiyeh SalahiThe critique of the archetype of literary texts is a valuable critique from an anthropological and epistemological point of view because it shows the depth of the poet or writer's thought. Nezami, the great Iranian poet, is one of the few storytellers who reflects on th MoreThe critique of the archetype of literary texts is a valuable critique from an anthropological and epistemological point of view because it shows the depth of the poet or writer's thought. Nezami, the great Iranian poet, is one of the few storytellers who reflects on the psychological characteristics of the characters in his story and explains their stagnation and dynamism in connection with "Anima and Animos". In this article, the main characters of the two stories, Khosrow and Shirin and Lily and Majnoon, using Jung's archetypal theory, which is part of his theory of individuality, to examine the influence of men's feminine nature and women's masculine nature on their psyche has been. The relevant information is obtained using the library method and then described using the analytical method. These two stories show that Nezami, without being aware of Jung's theories, simultaneously emphasized the role of women in transforming men's personalities. This study shows that the women of the story, Shirin and Lily, of course, with the significant differences that can be seen in them, have been able to transform their men in such a way that at the end of the story, they become different human beings than at the beginning, have been become. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Personalization practices in Barrey gomshodey Raii
yadolah Bahmani MotlaghThe main character of the story is one of the pillars without which it is not possible to create the story, but the story is one of the mechanisms capable of processing the element in the creation of an indelible mark shows author. Golshiri one of the outstanding works MoreThe main character of the story is one of the pillars without which it is not possible to create the story, but the story is one of the mechanisms capable of processing the element in the creation of an indelible mark shows author. Golshiri one of the outstanding works of contemporary novelists Sahbsbk is left behind.Barrey gomshodey Raei is one of tall tales, his effective elastic and which reflects the frustration of intellectuals in the late fifty's. This effect is prominent character in literature, this paper is to explore methods of characterization analytical methods the author has tried to achieve this effect. The results indicated that different methods Golshiri with familiar characters and story of each size and convenience and space is used. Old often choose names that are prominent religious color.Characterization, setting, dialogue and serve the story. Stream of consciousness style is evident in all parts of the story. Rmzgvngy of the main points of the story and the author has tried truth behind the contemporary socio-political atmosphere of the past have been perceived symbolic. Manuscript profile -
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119 - Examining the role of Īhām in expressing social and political issues: The case of Ghazals of Saadi and Saif Farghani
Mohammad Pouryavar Choubar Ahmadreza Nazari Charvadeh Masome Nazari CharvadehIn the dark seventh and eighth centuries AH, which was the period of domination of the Tatar bloodthirsty and the governance of the unworthy cruel rulers over the cultural Iran, critical poems emerged in ways deeper than the protesting literature in the sixth century. I MoreIn the dark seventh and eighth centuries AH, which was the period of domination of the Tatar bloodthirsty and the governance of the unworthy cruel rulers over the cultural Iran, critical poems emerged in ways deeper than the protesting literature in the sixth century. In this period, Saadi and Saif Farghani were two liberals who each addressed the issues of the disintegrated society of that time. Since the arbitrariness of anti-people governments had captured the pen and speech in the labyrinth of tyranny, these poets inevitably turned to cryptic novelties, especially equivoque , to criticize the turbulent situation of the time. Based on a descriptive-analytical and comparative method, this study aims to investigate and compare the function of equivoque in raising political and social issues in the Ghazal of the mentioned poets in order to firstly explain the impact of Genghis Khan invasion and Mongol rule in this period on the common theme in their Ghazal and secondly, the most equivoques of the Ghazal of the mentioned poets is known by their political and social functions and their similarities and differences, as well. The final result of this research shows that the application of "Equivoque " method in raising political and social issues in Saadi's Ghazal is more frequent than Saif’s. Most of the equivoques criticisms of these two poets are directed at those in power. Among the types of equivoque , abstract equivoque and equivoque of proportion are more prominent in Saadi's Ghazal and equivoque of proportion and contradiction in Saif's Ghazal, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - The talk about ethics and courtesy of love in persisn lyrical account of love especially in khosro and shirin
Soheila Mohaghegh Mahbobeh Khorasani morteza rashidiLove is a manifestation of human emotions. Logically, neither of lovers can commit themselves to loving the other one in the same way for ever. This has made philosophers consider this issue carefully. The aim of ethics of love is to not disregard morality and courtesy MoreLove is a manifestation of human emotions. Logically, neither of lovers can commit themselves to loving the other one in the same way for ever. This has made philosophers consider this issue carefully. The aim of ethics of love is to not disregard morality and courtesy of love emphasizes the attitude of lovers after falling in love. Both ethics and courtesy of love determine the success or failure of the love relationship. Our question is how lovers would interact with each other in classic lyrical account of love, compared with some of contemporary accounts of temporary love. Since love is exquisitely manifested in classic works like Khosro and Shirin, this work was selected as the source of the study. Based on Mostafa Malekian’s article, a qualitative analysis was done to read this work to find the impact of observing or ignoring morality and courtesy of love in the romance between the love characters of this story. It was concluded that ignoring ethics of love is evident in classic works and that main characters commit immorality in love so the success of their romance is put in danger. Khosro ignoring the ethics and courtesy of love, destroys their romance. Shirin, however, observes both the ethics and courtesy of love. She behaves reasonably and tries to have love and abstinence simultaneously. It is also interesting that female lovers tend to observe the ethics and courtesy of love more than male lovers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Analysis of the Reflection of Patriotic Thoughts in the Poems of Loiq Sher-Ali
Korosh Jamshidi Ali Asghar Bondshahriari Morteza Haji Mazdarani Amir Hossein MahouziPatriotism is a phenomenon that has had a special impact on contemporary literature in the last century. Aref Qazvini and Farrokhi Yazdi are examples of contemporary poets whose patriotism has a special effect. Tajik poetry also needs to breathe new life of national pri MorePatriotism is a phenomenon that has had a special impact on contemporary literature in the last century. Aref Qazvini and Farrokhi Yazdi are examples of contemporary poets whose patriotism has a special effect. Tajik poetry also needs to breathe new life of national pride and patriotism due to the invasion of foreign nations and years of communist rule in order to help the Tajik people maintain national unity and achieve development. Layeq Shir Ali is the national poet of Tajikistan and one of the most prominent figures of patriotic poetry, who has shown his love for his homeland in his poems. The present article uses a descriptive method with a content analysis approach to study the analysis of the reflection of patriotic ideas in the poems worthy of the patriotic poet Shir Ali. Various aspects of patriotism in worthy poetry include mentioning the glorious past of the Tajik people, the importance of Persian as a mother tongue, being influenced by the Shahnameh, calling for peace, and cosmopolitan ideas. Has examined worthy poems and has come to the conclusion that worthy patriotic thoughts have deep humanitarian roots. Worthy, he wants peace, progress, equality and peaceful coexistence of all nations of the world, and this ideal will be achieved when every human being realizes his own inherent values; Therefore, the need for world peace from the worthy point of view of Shir Ali is self-knowledge and individual self-awareness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Impression of Siasatnameh of Khajenezamolmolk from Tansar letter and Ardeshire babakan’s karnameh
Shahain Pahnadayankhkj khkj Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Analysis of Irony in Amir Khusro Dehlavi's Shirin and Khusro
mahboobeh haji jafari tooran poshti toraj aghdaiIrony is one of the most important and beautiful aspects of eloquence, which is made by people. It is a part of their daily lives. Irony is a valuable character of conveying the meaning and thoughts indirectly. This valuable character is as old as the life if us as huma MoreIrony is one of the most important and beautiful aspects of eloquence, which is made by people. It is a part of their daily lives. Irony is a valuable character of conveying the meaning and thoughts indirectly. This valuable character is as old as the life if us as human beings. So a large number of it could be found in literal texts.it has been of importance to the poets during the time and they have used it. It can be said that there is no poets who has not used irony in their works. Since, in Persian, irony is a flexible and, also, a cultural point; it has a crucial role in conveying the poets’ message and idea in an indirect way. The present study analyzed the irony in Amir Khusro Dehlavi’s Shirin and Khusro to show how much he could avoid trivial and repetitive and show his thoughts. The present study deals with knowing which type of irony was Amir Khusro’s favorite. According to the analysis, Amir Khusro had used the ironies that are known and used by people more than those that were innovative and made by him. His purpose was to not only make the work more beautiful and influential, but also avoid making the readers tired of explicit and logical words. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - A Comparative Study of Common Thoughts in Ghazals of Ghaleb Dehlavi and Hafiz Shirazi
Zohreh ValikhaniComparative literature concerns literature universal, and plays, undoubtedly, an instructively important role in enriching the literature of nations. The value of the literary works of any nation is evident through comparative literature, showing its magnitude and impre MoreComparative literature concerns literature universal, and plays, undoubtedly, an instructively important role in enriching the literature of nations. The value of the literary works of any nation is evident through comparative literature, showing its magnitude and impression on the literature of other nations and consequently the perfection of better and more accurate world literature. The swap of Persian literature in the lands of Iran and India is long lasting. Regarding Iranian Poets, it is important to note that the influence of Hafiz on poets and literati of India is remarkable and unparalleled; specially his influence on Ghaleb Dehlavi, the great poet, thinker and prophet of peace. Although Ghaleb lived about 500 years later than hafiz, and despite the differences between the lands and cultures of the two territories of Iran and India, the two poets share a lot in common. The present research is an attempt to show how Ghaleb’s ghazals has been influenced by the thoughts of hafiz. To do so, the researcher has tried, through a descriptive-analytical approach and by giving objective evidences, to compare and contrast the common ideas of the two poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Literal Personality of "Orfi Shirazi" through His Poetry Works Based on the Archetype Theory
azam khadem maryam MahmoodiArchetype-based literature criticism suggested by C. G. Yung, as a major approach, serves the archetypes as persistent mythological themes and images in the collective subconscious of mankind, a very close term rather than "prevalent object" or ideal icons in Islamic my MoreArchetype-based literature criticism suggested by C. G. Yung, as a major approach, serves the archetypes as persistent mythological themes and images in the collective subconscious of mankind, a very close term rather than "prevalent object" or ideal icons in Islamic mystics.The archetypes are classified in several indeterminable ways but some of them are rather more common including: hero, mother, child, God, death, power, the wise master, anima, animus, persona (mask), and shade. This research investigated the function of archetypes in Orfi poetry works based on the method of content analysis which reveals his fluent, passionate nature - but devoid of malevolence and brutality, and a tremendous literary treasure because of a literary personality tending commonly into anima or hero persona, also providing that the theory of archetypes is in further researches potentially competent to overestimate the range of honesty or even authenticity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Shazdeh Ehtejab use of words in the novel from the perspective of language and gender
Malahat Najafi Arab Yadollah Bahmani Motlagh One of the basic issues in the critique of authenticity woman (feminism) and linguistic differences between men and women in all aspects of the English language is visible. In the past it was considered the best speech is the masculine expression, but special atte More One of the basic issues in the critique of authenticity woman (feminism) and linguistic differences between men and women in all aspects of the English language is visible. In the past it was considered the best speech is the masculine expression, but special attention to gender in contemporary fiction. Linguistic Gender various aspects of the phonemes, morphemes, words, language is a system of morphologic and syntactic and discourse. The appearances of men and women use language differently. Therefore, in the present paper we try different words used in the language of men and women, including variables such as Colored word novel Shazdeh Ehtejab, taboo, Oath word, the intensifier and moderators, emotional characters and words, words sex and characters in the novel vocabulary in conversations regarding the scientific principles of psychology, linguistics, and then discussed and analyzed. Golshiri in some cases the language appropriate to the gender of their heroes created However, due to lack of attention to the findings of sociolinguistics, especially language, gender, In many cases, our heroes have not managed to create a gender-appropriate language Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Kimia among Women Re-reading Kimia-Khatun to Find Historical and Gender Biases
Ataollah Koopal Niloufar KhosraviBildungstroman, or coming-of-age novel, is a genre in which the life of a character is depicted from childhood to adulthood and in the end, the callow naïve child turns into an experienced mature person with a good social position. The important features of classic MoreBildungstroman, or coming-of-age novel, is a genre in which the life of a character is depicted from childhood to adulthood and in the end, the callow naïve child turns into an experienced mature person with a good social position. The important features of classical Bildungstroman are: chronological narration, depicting the ups and downs of a child’s personal life that has a special and unique personality in comparison to other children of his age, and experiencing two kinds of love; first a superficial one then an everlasting and real one. In the twentieth century the chronological narration of Bildungstroman novel underwent some changes; moreover, women as well as other racial minorities presented their own interpretations of it. Nowadays Bildungstroman is women’s favorite genre in writing novels and they create new feminine kinds of it. What can be seen in these feminine Bildungstromans, are the differences between women and men’s lives and the process of growing up and also their different perspectives toward family and “the other”. One of these differences is “women’s loyalty to other women Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - The Analysis Of Time Structure In Nizami's Khosrow And Shirin On The Basis Of Gennete Narration And Time Model
fatemeh ghorbani mohammad gholamrezai Genette narrative model is one of the most effective theories in narratology. In a part of the theory Gérard Genette studies the narrative time on three major issues: the order of the narrative, the speed of the narrative and the fr More Genette narrative model is one of the most effective theories in narratology. In a part of the theory Gérard Genette studies the narrative time on three major issues: the order of the narrative, the speed of the narrative and the frequency of events. He showed that each of the three elements defined in this issue can speed up or slow down the narration or give a constant speed to the narration. Hakim Nizami Ganjavi’s Khosrow and Shirin is one of the unsurpassed masterpieces in the realm of fiction. The perdurable magnum opus of Persian literature can be tested by the modern criteria of fiction and narratology knowledge due to accurate narrative capacities. So, this study is trying to introduce a new approach in studying Khamse’s stories and identify narrative patterns of stories by analyzing the status and function of the element of time and by studying the scheduling of Khosrow and Shirin narrations. In addition to the recognition of Nizami’s narrative grammar of the story, the researcher has considered linking the ancient Persian literature and modern approaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Prosodic Metrics in the Romantic Poems of Four Iranian Contemporary Poets
Farhad Mohammadi Mohammad SadeghiAfter Nimaic verse revealed indistinct in applying metric feet, a number of modernist poets tried their hands in devising and correcting the ambiguities in their own poems. Contrary to other types of new poetry, their new romantic poems, practiced in different frames an MoreAfter Nimaic verse revealed indistinct in applying metric feet, a number of modernist poets tried their hands in devising and correcting the ambiguities in their own poems. Contrary to other types of new poetry, their new romantic poems, practiced in different frames and forms, were not void of metric feet. It is admitted, however, that the metric feet applied in Nimaic versification were of typical and regular types. The present research investigates the prosodic metrics in the romantic poems of four Nimaic-style practitioners (Nader Naderpour, Ahmad Shamlou, Forough Farrokhzad, Fereydoun Moshiri) as well as the impact of using those metrics in deciding their preference of certain frames and forms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - The Analysis of the Main Features of Lyrical Literature in Nezami’s Three Romances (Khosrow o Shirin, Layli o Majnun, Haft Paykar)
Fereshte Nasseri Abdol-Hossein Farzad -
Open Access Article
131 - An Analysis of Irony 's Artworks in Saadi Shirazi's Poetry
kobra shaban ghoochan mahmoud tavoossi mehdi mahooziSaadi's artistic techniques combine simplicity with industry and showcase her to the reader. He sometimes uses efficient tools such as Irony, Shout, Metaphor, Pahlavi, and ... to escape from the Transparency. A new look at the subject of Irony's artistic techniques is f MoreSaadi's artistic techniques combine simplicity with industry and showcase her to the reader. He sometimes uses efficient tools such as Irony, Shout, Metaphor, Pahlavi, and ... to escape from the Transparency. A new look at the subject of Irony's artistic techniques is finding a way to determine his poetry's power and style. The purpose of this research is to study the analytical frequency of the arranger's artistic instruments, which include: verbal, rhetorical, radical, situational, structural, Socratic and acclaimed, in the poems of Saa'di Shirazi and its comparisons with eulogy, although there are some differences between the Irony, Along with the quill, the use of the cynical structure along with Irony adds to the complexity and ambiguity of the word. The method of this study is descriptive-statistical. The findings of the research show that Irony, as one of the components of language in Saadi's lyrics, is very clear and clear in expressing religious, political and social ideas. The Irony word is the most frequent with 29% and Irony has the lowest rate of 3%. In the meantime, Saa'di's contribution to the use of the eagle and the Irony is noticeably less than that of his contemporaries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Remember( the nostalgia )in the poetry of 4 contemporary Tajik poets
forough nafisi hosen esmaili rogheh ebrahi zadAfter many years, the people of Tajikistan, from the ancient land and cradle of poets and Persian language universities in Greater Khorasan, with the opening of Esteghlal, once again find the opportunity to load themselves with identity and can organize in Persian and P MoreAfter many years, the people of Tajikistan, from the ancient land and cradle of poets and Persian language universities in Greater Khorasan, with the opening of Esteghlal, once again find the opportunity to load themselves with identity and can organize in Persian and Persian literature, this heritage of our ancestors In our long-held dream of becoming a cover-up, we examine the works written by the poets of this land after independence, which are located on these servers, with reminders with promotional titles with their privileges in the time of Greater Khorasan and for what During this time of separation, they have lost their grief, regrets, and complaining about their fate can give you the responsibility to do so, and Tajik poets, nostalgic, and sympathetic to propaganda in culture and the use of these people. Use. In this article, with (commentary-analytical method) about poems by Sadr al-Din Aini, Saber Bazaar, Golrokhsar, the pages of Ava Wales Shirali from the sea angle and reminding the management of the program. Let's find out Persian and Persian literature of the motherland. Manuscript profile -
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133 - Cases of Keeping Silent of Female Characters in Persian Literature: A Survey
Ataollah Koupal -
Open Access Article
134 - Investigating and analyzing the rhetorical functions of the Qur'anic words in the orfi shirazi's sonnet
reza refaee ghadimi mashhad khalil parviniThe Holy Qur'an, as the holiest Islamic text, has always been the source of Persian poet. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the Holy Quran on imaginaton in the Orfi Shirazi's Sonnet, a pioneer Indian poetry Style in the 10th century Hijri. The MoreThe Holy Qur'an, as the holiest Islamic text, has always been the source of Persian poet. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the Holy Quran on imaginaton in the Orfi Shirazi's Sonnet, a pioneer Indian poetry Style in the 10th century Hijri. The main claim of the present research is that Orfi has been used the Qur'anic words in the creation of narrow imaganation and exquisite images, and The Quranic words, in many cases, can be aesthetically and imaginatively analyzed. To prove this claim, and study the position of the Qur'an in the orfi poetry, his sonnets have been investigated in the context of the influence of the Qur'an on production of image in the field of two expression and oratory sciences. And The various types of borrowing of this poet from the Holy Quran in the creation of poetic images , Has been analyzed. The results of this research show that the most common use of the Holy Qur'an in creating images taking in narrow imagination exaggerated, as well as in the construction of metaphors. Manuscript profile -
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135 - A Postcolonial Reading of the Concepts of “Location” and “Space” in Accepting Transnational Identity: A Comparative Study of Jhumpa Lahiri’s and Mehrnoush Mazarei’s Fiction
Omid Varzande Seyyed Reza Ebrahimi Seyyed Mohammad Karimi Behbahani -
Open Access Article
136 - An Efficient and One-pot Procedure for the Synthesis of Chiral Isoxazolidine via Catalytic Highly Enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition
Mohammad Javad Taghizadeh -
Open Access Article
137 - Social factors affecting youth fashion in Shiraz
زهرا خدام محمدی کرامت الله راسخZahra Khodam Mohammadi Graduated in Sociology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran. Keramatullah Rasekh Faculty member of Sociology Department, Faculty of Humanities, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran. (Corresponding Author). krasekh MoreZahra Khodam Mohammadi Graduated in Sociology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran. Keramatullah Rasekh Faculty member of Sociology Department, Faculty of Humanities, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran. (Corresponding Author). krasekh@gmail.com The purpose of this study is to investigate the social factors affecting the fashion of students of Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. Theoretical basis of research in opposition to the theoretical approaches of Max Weber, Thorsten Bond Veblen, Georg Simmel, Pierre Bourdieu, Robert K. Merton, James Samuel Coleman, Herbert Marcuse, Herbert Blumer, Irving Goffman, Paul Felix Lazarsfeld, Theodore Deuerk founded. The research method is applied with the objective criterion and in terms of survey method. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population of this study is 19–34-year-old students of Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran's formula of 376 people. The sampling method for accessing randomly studied samples is cluster sampling. In order to determine the reliability of the pre-test questionnaire, 35 preliminary questionnaires were distributed among a number of statistical sample subjects for answering. Validity of each scale was determined using face validity method and reliability of each variable was determined by Cronbach's alpha method. Findings showed that the variables of gender, use of satellite, Internet, religious beliefs, role modeling, social status and objective manifestations affect fashion, while no relationship was observed between age and fashion. Manuscript profile -
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138 - Evaluation of Isfahan Mashahir Leisure Complex Site Selection
Farinaz Khorasanizadeh Amir Gandomkar -
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139 - Planning and development of literary tourism in Fars province in order to provide a functional model for cultural tourism
Masoumeh Sadeghi -
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140 - Examining the components of tradition and modernity in the novel 'āyene-hāye dar dār' (Lidded Mirrors)
Mahtab Tavakoli Bahram ParvinIn identify the causes of Iranian backwardness and finding appropriate solutions to exit of this situation, modernization movements, not only in the theoretical fields but also in literature, attracted the attention of theorists. Meanwhile, there are three views to mode MoreIn identify the causes of Iranian backwardness and finding appropriate solutions to exit of this situation, modernization movements, not only in the theoretical fields but also in literature, attracted the attention of theorists. Meanwhile, there are three views to modernity in literature: one group believes that modernity is a completely Western concept and is inefficient; the second group considers it acceptable due to its Western origin; and the third group maintains a balance between tradition and modernity. Houshang Golshiri, who has extensive knowledge in Persian literature and history, is one of the representatives of the third group. This research seeks to demonstrate how Golshiri, as a modern and at the same time traditional writer, has depicted the integration of modern and traditional storytelling methods without damaging the structure of the story and has given special importance to traditional elements in contemporary literature. The study is conducted using a library method and descriptive analysis to examine the components of tradition and modernity in the novel 'āyene-hāye dar dār' (Lidded Mirrors). The results of the investigations show that the use of narrative in classical texts, pragmatism, the use of short allegorical narrative, and the use of language as a traditional aspect are some of the old narrative methods in Golshiri's stories, and the combination of traditional and modern components together indicates his special attention to the place of tradition in literature. Manuscript profile -
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141 - Aesthetics of Repetition in Yahya Samavi’s Divan, "Ghalilake…… La Khathirahonna"
Yahya Ma'aroof Noor Al-din Parvin In a literary text, repetition is attractive both literarally and semanticly. Literally, repetition is an element of creating harmonic, musical tone in the text as it causes emphasis on the meaning and its further implications. Repetition as one of the mos More In a literary text, repetition is attractive both literarally and semanticly. Literally, repetition is an element of creating harmonic, musical tone in the text as it causes emphasis on the meaning and its further implications. Repetition as one of the most important rhetorical figures has received special attention by contemporary Arab poets. Among these poets is Yahya Samavi, Iraqi poet living in Australia, whose divan entitled "Ghalilake ……… La Kathirahonna" has been composed about his wife and sufferings of his country which have been ever his real source of griefs, sorrows and memories. Using descriptive-analytical method, the present study aims to study aesthetics of repetition inYahya Samavi’s divan in terms of lexicon repetition (singular lexicons, lexicons related to nature, antonyms, and pronouns) and phrases repetition (repetition of independent sentences, of title of odes, of different styles,of interrogatives and vocatives). The results suggest that the poet has shown his own sorrow and sadness for living far from his homeland Iraq, using repetition which is the main structure of the divan. The results also show that there is complete propriety between repetition figure and meaning of verses. Manuscript profile -
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142 - The Review and Analysis of Narrative Structure of "Khosrow and Shirin " and "Leyli and Majnun "Based on Their Main Characters' Function
Abdol Hossein Farzad Amir Hosssein Mahouzi Fereshte NaseriIn the vast world of narrative literature , the lyrical poems of Nezami Ganjavi with their unique narrative aspects ,structures and origins are the type of Persian literature classic works that can be considered and criticized in accordance with principles o MoreIn the vast world of narrative literature , the lyrical poems of Nezami Ganjavi with their unique narrative aspects ,structures and origins are the type of Persian literature classic works that can be considered and criticized in accordance with principles of structuralism . In this research, "Khosrow and Shirin " and "Leyli and Majnun" romances have been analyzed structurally as samples of the most pleasing ones. So, at first some points about narration and its elements and units are mentioned. Next, by explaining characters ,or, in another word motifs and their functions , the narrative elements of considered romances have been compared according to structural narration point of view which is the base of Russian theorist Vladimir Propp ' s work in morphological analysis of fairy tales. In order to fulfill this, categories like plot ,character, narration timing ,order and pedagogy, continuity ,narrator ,have been considered to conclude how these elements with their own syntactic combination change the story from raw form (fabula) to narrative form and with this method of expressing , what the effect of lyrical content of story on the narrative elements is. Manuscript profile -
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143 - The Impact of Persian Literature on Albayati's Poetry
Eesa Motaghi Zadeh Ali BashiriAbdolvahab Albayati is one of the well-known poets of Iraq and Arab contemporary poetry. He has been affected by Persian culture and literature in most of his poems. This research intends to assess some aspects of such effects , and to explain them as far as possi MoreAbdolvahab Albayati is one of the well-known poets of Iraq and Arab contemporary poetry. He has been affected by Persian culture and literature in most of his poems. This research intends to assess some aspects of such effects , and to explain them as far as possible. In this assessment, we will find how Bayati has taken advantage of Persian poets such as Khayyam and Molavi and Attar as symbolic characters and also Persian cities including Neyshabour and Shiraz in his artistic presentation. Manuscript profile -
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144 - Comparative Analysis of Sa'adi’s and Al-kufi’s Odes on the Mogul's Invasion
nemat o llah beh ragham yahia ataeiThe Catastrophe of Mongol invasion is regarded to have its most tragic impact on Iranian and Arabic history. It led to a painful grief and agony among the people of that era. It seems natural that the writers and poets with delicate tastes and sensation were more sensit MoreThe Catastrophe of Mongol invasion is regarded to have its most tragic impact on Iranian and Arabic history. It led to a painful grief and agony among the people of that era. It seems natural that the writers and poets with delicate tastes and sensation were more sensitive than the common people with respect to cruelty and assaults. Shams al-dinAlkufi and Sa'adiShirazi were among the first poets who reflected the consequencesof this tragic attack in their poems and accordingly affected the audience highly, with respect to the fact that both poets lived in the same period. The authors of this Comparative endeavor based on New Criticism studied the structure and subject matter of two odes analytically. Therefore,study ofthe communalities and differences reveals that the ambiguity and complexity in Sa'adi’s poems are not to the extent of those of Alkufi. This is due to the fact that the sentence and phrase structures are natural not artificial although both poets enjoyed a straight forward and narrative style as reflected in Mogul invasion. Manuscript profile -
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145 - Robust Direction of Arrival Estimation of Wideband LFM Signals using Dechirping Algorithms with a few Snapshots in the Linear Array
Abbas Partovi Sangi Jasem Jamali Mohammad Hossein Fatehi Dindarlou Mohammad Mehdi GhanbarianWideband linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals are widely used in systems such as radar, sonar and mobile. DOA estimation algorithms LFM signals rely on a large number of time frames (Snapshot). Therefore, they are not suitable for low power and real-time applicatio MoreWideband linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals are widely used in systems such as radar, sonar and mobile. DOA estimation algorithms LFM signals rely on a large number of time frames (Snapshot). Therefore, they are not suitable for low power and real-time applications. In this paper, we present a low computation based estimation method based on the SPICE algorithm for linear arrays using the Fourier transform FFT. The method is to first develop the dechirping algorithm for LFM signals using the FFT converter, then modify the SPICE algorithm for uniform linear arrays (ULA), then obtain the DOA calculations for a few number of snapshots with low computational volumes. The simulation results of the proposed MSPICE algorithm (i.e. modified SPICE algorithm) show that the proposed algorithm is better than other algorithms such as MUSIC and SPICE. We have shown that the proposed method has acceptable accuracy in both low SNRs and low error in high SNRs. In addition, in terms of computational volume, it is much less than the MUSIC and SPICE methods and will have a good robustness compared to other methods. Manuscript profile -
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146 - Design and simulation of fully integrated low-power amplifier (LNA) with 0.18 Cm CMOS technology in 1.9 and 0.9 GHz frequencies
Ebrahim Abiri Jahromi raziyeh Soltani SarvestaniTwo important parameters that should be considered in the design of a low noise amplifier (LNA) are low power consumption and low noise number. Other design problems include how to create a stable 50 ohm resistor at the input to adjust impedance while increasing gain. A MoreTwo important parameters that should be considered in the design of a low noise amplifier (LNA) are low power consumption and low noise number. Other design problems include how to create a stable 50 ohm resistor at the input to adjust impedance while increasing gain. Also, how to linearize over a wide range of operating frequencies is an important issue to consider. Using the structure of selfie degeneration in the 0.18 µm CMOS process, the desired requirements are met. The circuit proposed in this paper has a noise number of less than 2.5db and power consumption of less than 4mw at a frequency of 1.9 and a noise number of less than 0.7db and power consumption of less than 0.9mw at a frequency of 0.9 GHz, matching the input impedance and Outputs 50 Ohms and results in proper linearization at both frequencies. Manuscript profile -
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147 - Investigating the structure and types of allegory in the poem "Shirin and Khosrow" by Amir Khosro Dehlavi
bahram heydarifar Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni Seyed Jafar HamidiOne of the topics in the rhetoric that makes the word more beautiful is the allegory. This rhetoric is one of the most important and effective ways of inducing the subjective concepts to the audience and is the result of different experiences and events of each ethnicit MoreOne of the topics in the rhetoric that makes the word more beautiful is the allegory. This rhetoric is one of the most important and effective ways of inducing the subjective concepts to the audience and is the result of different experiences and events of each ethnicity that appear in the form of short, fun words or allegorical stories. The task of the metaphor is to convey the artistic, social, religious and past experiences and messages of the past to the future. The allegory has had a special place in Persian literary works from the beginning and with the introduction of mysticism into Persian poetry and literature, its significance and function has increased. But we are seeing the peak of the use of allegory in Indian style. Despite the importance of this branch of inquiry and its research on its place in literary works, it is unfortunately neglected for the role and importance of allegory in fiction. The present study seeks to study the allegorical effects of Amir Khosrow Dehlavi's "Shirin and Khosrow" poem, relying on the descriptive-analytic method and the library method. The findings of the study show that most of the metaphors used in this work are analogous. According to the theme of the poem, most allegories are based on love, based on love, as well as topics such as world instability, advising on opportunity, expressing action, human value, etc. to explain and explain educational goals. Manuscript profile -
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148 - A Comparative Study of the roles of birds in Khosrow and Shirin, Leili and Majnoun
Hamid Ayaz Ahmad KhatemiSymbols are part of the culture of a nation and in order to better understand the myths and literature of that nation, we have to realize the meanings these symbols convey. Symbol, sign, is an indication having a meaning beyond what it signifies. Symbols can be observed MoreSymbols are part of the culture of a nation and in order to better understand the myths and literature of that nation, we have to realize the meanings these symbols convey. Symbol, sign, is an indication having a meaning beyond what it signifies. Symbols can be observed in all forms of nature cases in point are animals, human beings, plants, things, etc. This paper tries to answer the question that what the significations of the names of birds are in Khosrow and Shirin, and in Leili and Majnoun? How have each group of the birds been presented in these two works considering their symbolic meanings? And how to find if there is a relationship existing between their symbolic meanings? To find answers for the questions raised, first, these two works have been studied in detail, next the symbolic meanings behind the words and the figurative meanings extant in these two works have been demonstrated, then meanings with lyrical themes have been determined, and in the end, the comparison between the symbols and their meanings have been presented in Fig. Manuscript profile -
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149 - The Call of asking justice in Nizami٫s Khosrow and Shirin
Masoud Pakdel Mehdi MahooziNizami not only had understood his poem's story, but had commixed his feelings, imaginations, and his thoughts with it, and it causes such an obvioussincerity andauthenticity in his poem. It seems like he had experienced all the events and Ups and Downs of their lives a MoreNizami not only had understood his poem's story, but had commixed his feelings, imaginations, and his thoughts with it, and it causes such an obvioussincerity andauthenticity in his poem. It seems like he had experienced all the events and Ups and Downs of their lives and then wrote them down. In this poem, which is a romantic story in a royal atmosphere or in other words is a Royal love, each action has a proper reaction and each character has got his rights. The story's heroes –Khosro and Shirin- who should be a good couple (perfect couple), have same characteristics. In this research, The similar characteristics of the main characters, action and reactions of other characters which seem to be accorded totruth and justice, are presented. Manuscript profile -
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150 - Trace the Utopia in Freydon Moshiri Poetry
Jamal Ahmadi Sara ZamaniMankind always suffered from Injustice, Cruelty and Violence that exists in the messed up society of modern time, and for self- relief tried to make an ideal world in his mind.This ideal world that named utopia , made a good imaginary shelter for human till relive him f MoreMankind always suffered from Injustice, Cruelty and Violence that exists in the messed up society of modern time, and for self- relief tried to make an ideal world in his mind.This ideal world that named utopia , made a good imaginary shelter for human till relive him form life difficulties and enabled him to live confidently in free world without suffers. Utopia is expression of poet's dream for the evolution and survival. This matter was main concern of vigilant humans at all times and reflection of this concern in Parsi Literature is obviously traceable. This research is an effort to trace this topic in the Freydon Moshiri Letters, the famous Persian contemporary poet. This research tries to draw an explicit portrait of idealism that the poet wished for utopian society. Researchers concluded that what Freydon Moshiri wished as utopia is includes of matters such as consideration of human beings, justice, kindness and loves between people . Manuscript profile -
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151 - Badee Balki and Anoushirvan,s pandname* (reminder)
Hashem MohamadiBadee Balki and Anoushirvan,s pandname(reminder) Abou Mohammad Badee Balkhi is the poot of 4 th century . Ther are a lot of differences among biographers regarding his name and penname,one of his works is "Masnavi of Rahatol Ensan" deriver from Anoushirvan,s pandnameh. MoreBadee Balki and Anoushirvan,s pandname(reminder) Abou Mohammad Badee Balkhi is the poot of 4 th century . Ther are a lot of differences among biographers regarding his name and penname,one of his works is "Masnavi of Rahatol Ensan" deriver from Anoushirvan,s pandnameh. The poetical topic of this book that is full of mottos, maxims, and advice,has a simple and practical dimensi on and reminds us of the maxims remained from great people narratives based on the statements of my thologic and historical characters. In this paper this book and its stylish, literary and artistic features have been studied. Manuscript profile -
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152 - The ancient roots of lyric literature
mona Ahmadi Ahmad KhatamiLyric literature is one of the most effective literary types of Persian language ancientness and its extent is such that it can not be found in any literary text that isnot mixed with the lyrical literature. The present study is to answer two questions , whether the roo MoreLyric literature is one of the most effective literary types of Persian language ancientness and its extent is such that it can not be found in any literary text that isnot mixed with the lyrical literature. The present study is to answer two questions , whether the roots of lyric literature found in the literature before Islam or not ? if the answer is positive how is the amount and kind of enjoying the lyrical content of pre-Islamic literature ?To achieve a scientific answer , the first history of ancient Iran poems combining music explored through oral tradition of literature - khosravanyat , fahlavyat and issues raised in this kind of poetry - study and then with consideration in “Vis and Ramin” Fakhruddin As'd Gorgani and “Khosrow and Shirin” Nezami , the amount effectiveness of pre-Islamic Persian poet literature in the process evolution of lyric literature is shown. Manuscript profile -
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153 - Truelove Criteria in Mnzvmeyeh Khosrow and Shirin
Raviyeh Kord AfshariThe study of the concept of love in Persian literature in various aspects has been under the consideration of researchers from ancient times until today. Also, there are numerous researches on Nezami’s Khosrow and Shirin. But the exclusive study of this topic in t MoreThe study of the concept of love in Persian literature in various aspects has been under the consideration of researchers from ancient times until today. Also, there are numerous researches on Nezami’s Khosrow and Shirin. But the exclusive study of this topic in the romance of Khosrow and Shirin and indicating its characteristics and representing standards that reflect the purity of the lovers and their relation has not been done separately. In this article we briefly define different types of love and mention their effects and results as well as studying different views in this case. In this article proved that not all the loves mentioned in Ghanaian Literature are erotic. There are such things as Hobbe Azri in Leyli and Majnun and pure love in Khosrow and Shirin. After mentioning the difference between Hobbe Azri and pure love, the existence of pure love in Khosrow and Shirin is shown with poetic evidence in a process. Then, its standards in Khosrow and Shirin are analyzed with poetic evidence and story analysis, so that the boundary between erotic love, pure love and hobbe azri is represented. Manuscript profile -
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154 - The research of climes in Vegharshirazi poets
Dariush Kazemi Najmeh AzampourClaims is a title for verses that including claims of sores and suffers of the poet. This inclination can be found generally in all of the verses. In the works of some premium Persian poets that make the structure of poem or affect the main portion of the poems. The i MoreClaims is a title for verses that including claims of sores and suffers of the poet. This inclination can be found generally in all of the verses. In the works of some premium Persian poets that make the structure of poem or affect the main portion of the poems. The importance of claims is mostly to present the social and other aspects of the time of the poetry, because more than reveating the undesireable conditions of thepoet.that would present the blessed society and his contradications with the governer and the public dependents would be presented. Vegharshirazi is one of the poets that has considered a condidelable portion of his poems for this matter. So we can find many social.political.economical and cultural aspects of his time. The matters of they survey is studing claims in the verse book of vegharshirazi. We have efforted that study the claims in the verse book of vegharshirazi and then by binding them amaly zing and interpreting the sorrines and sores of the poet.and so not only to become familiar whith his characters and behaviors.but also be familiarized whith the conditions of society in his period of time. Manuscript profile -
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155 - Investigating the types of compact allegories in the poems of Jalal Tabib Shirazi
Shirin Kabiri Mehrdad Chatraei Maryam MahmoudiThe existence of distinguished imagery in poems of great poets represents their power in fantasizing and allegory is one of the illustrative elements of poetry and Imagery. Allegory is one of the most important topics which has been talked about a lot both in primitive MoreThe existence of distinguished imagery in poems of great poets represents their power in fantasizing and allegory is one of the illustrative elements of poetry and Imagery. Allegory is one of the most important topics which has been talked about a lot both in primitive and contemporary rhetoric. In ancient books, it has been considered as a compound simile and allegory metaphor, while in modern times, it is a subset of the subject of image and imagination. In terms of the structure of Persian allegories, It consists of two parts: descriptive and narrative allegory; narrative allegory includes stories of human and animal, symbolic stories, fable, parable, etc. Descriptive allegory usually does not go beyond one or more sentences, and its most important types are allegorical metaphor, allegorical simile, proverb, and Oslub-e-Moadeleh (techniques of sameness). In this article, we are attempting to study and search for the types of descriptive allegory and its examples in the poetry of Jalal Tabib Shirazi. He was a physician and a poet who lived in between Saadi's and Hafez's lifetime and variety of short allegories are prominent in his poetry. This research has been done through the library method and case study. Over the years, several articles have been published on allegory and its structure and types in Persian literature, but there has been no article about the types of short allegory in Jalal Tabib's poems. Manuscript profile -
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156 - Allegory in Sohrab Sepehri's poetry
Saeedeh Saki EntezamiHasht Ketab or Eight books is the name of Sohrab Sepehri's collection of poems, which includes the poems “The Death of Color”, “Life of Dreams”, “Debris of the Sun”, “East of Sorrow”, “Sound of Water foot”, &ld MoreHasht Ketab or Eight books is the name of Sohrab Sepehri's collection of poems, which includes the poems “The Death of Color”, “Life of Dreams”, “Debris of the Sun”, “East of Sorrow”, “Sound of Water foot”, “Traveler”, “Green Volume” and “We Have No Look”. Allegory is one of the stylistic devices that shows itself in new poetry, including in the poetry of Sohrab Sepehri, and it is one of the factors that make the poetry dynamic and imaginary. After studying, the researcher realized the application of the meaning of water to different concepts in Sepehri's poetry, which is one of the reasons for the necessity and importance of its study. The researcher has studied the texts of Sepehri's poems with the aim of finding allegorical relations with the subject of water, springs, ponds and vortices that among his collection of poems, he found a number of poems in which the poet looked at water from an allegorical point of view. In this research, the researcher wants to know: Has allegory been used in Sohrab Sepehri's poetry? What kind of allegories are used? What was the poet's purpose in using the allegory? In reviewing the literature of this research, the researcher realized that this research is different from the other researches have been done in this area, so she paid attention to it. In this process, the researcher achieved the following results: the use of water in Sohrab Sepehri's poetry has been used in the sense of peace, soul, consciousness, spirituality, comfort, renewal and dynamism and movement, mind and thought, beauty and the passing of time. This research has been done by library method and by taking notes and in analytical-descriptive method. It has also used first-hand books and articles to understand the concept of allegory and how to recognize it in Sepehri's poetry. Manuscript profile -
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157 - the influence of Veghar-e- Shirazi in Bahram and Behooz from Molana''''s Masnavi in the field of Allegory
Reza Jalili mahdi novroozAnalogy is a useful tool for explaining thoughts. this poetic and artistic tool, if used in the special sense of the word, is used to retell educational subjects and, if used in the general sense, is merely a literary industry. one of the most popular types of Allegory MoreAnalogy is a useful tool for explaining thoughts. this poetic and artistic tool, if used in the special sense of the word, is used to retell educational subjects and, if used in the general sense, is merely a literary industry. one of the most popular types of Allegory in Farsi is Fabal, in which the main characters are animal tales. among the persian language poets who have a pedagogical approach to allegory, Mowlana has a special place. his artistic use of allegories to explain the moral teachings in spiritual Masnavi has led many followers of the poetry of Veghar -e- Shirazi to follow in the verses of Bahram and Behrooz. the study of similar analogies in the two works described by the descriptive method and content analysis shows that the two poets describe and explain educational topics such as "avoidance of bad companions", "avoidance of pride and selfishness", "the necessity of supporting the king of the landlord" and " the human tone against fate and destiny "has taken advantage of allegory and fable. also, using Fabel has been very effective in understanding the audience. Manuscript profile -
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158 - Analysis of allegorical and symbolic components of satisfaction in Fereydoun Moshiri's poems from Erickson's character theory
safa maleki Kamran Pashaei Fakhri parvaneh AdelzadehPsychological analysis of literary works and the creators of these works is one of the new methods of critique and research in Persian literature. Accordingly, in this paper, the components of satisfaction in Fereydoun Moshiri's poems based on Erickson's personality dev MorePsychological analysis of literary works and the creators of these works is one of the new methods of critique and research in Persian literature. Accordingly, in this paper, the components of satisfaction in Fereydoun Moshiri's poems based on Erickson's personality development theory with a symbolic and allegorical approach are examined. This research, in addition to clarifying the forms of satisfaction in Moshiri's poetry, also reveals the extent to which he has succeeded in applying the arrays of symbolism and allegory. Attention to the origin of symbols and the type of allegories is another issue that has been considered in this article. According to Erickson's theory, inner satisfaction is formed in the shadow of fruitfulness and hope. The manifestations of these two components in Moshiri's poems are seen in the form of positive personality traits, such as a sense of responsibility, love, struggle against ignorance and violence, avoidance of regret and despair, etc., and more in the form of symbolic and allegorical forms. The symbols used in Moshiri's poems are often taken from nature, and allegories are mostly used to express intellectual and human concepts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - A Brief Description of Common Provrbs (Ersal al Masal) in Newly Found Zahir Kermani 's Mathnavi
O. MalmoliThe work of the past is regarded as a heritage for the future. Cultural and literary works with mystic themes can be considered as the feeding material for people of thought and art and that's because these works are as bridges between the past and the present and incre MoreThe work of the past is regarded as a heritage for the future. Cultural and literary works with mystic themes can be considered as the feeding material for people of thought and art and that's because these works are as bridges between the past and the present and increase our knowledge. The safavid era is not an exception to this fact. Zahir Kermani (1162)AH whose name is not mentioned in any books is one of the Shiite honors in Iran. His Mathnavi which is full of allegories and includes ten thousand couplets in Ramal meter is one of the least known works of 12 century. There is just one copy of it written in Nastaliq which is kept in the library of the parliament and includes 265 sheets. This work contains verse allegorical stories representing mystic, ethic and love thoughts. He has some works in spiritual and verbal devices such as allegory. In order to specify his style, we can investigate his inclination toward the book "Ersal Al-masal va al Tamsil". The findings show that some of the poet's allegories have been coined by himself and some of them are derived from the works of previous poets and are divided into three categories: first, the images made using imaginative figures. Second, Ersal Masal (common proverbs) and the third, proverbs or pseudo-proverbs. Comparing these categories shows that the most frequent kind is Ersal Masal(common proverbs) and the least frequent is pseudo proverbs. Due to the wide range of materials, we have just analyzed data related to Ersal Masal (common proverbs). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Survey on Shirin's Birthplace
Masoud Pakdel Seyed Ahmad Hosseini KazerooniAlthough there are different viewpoints regarding shirin,s birth place but Reflecting in historical texts and current researches, shows us that among the Khosro and Shirin chorals, Nezami Ganjavi is the first poet who says that Shirin is a Armenian princess. Considehing MoreAlthough there are different viewpoints regarding shirin,s birth place but Reflecting in historical texts and current researches, shows us that among the Khosro and Shirin chorals, Nezami Ganjavi is the first poet who says that Shirin is a Armenian princess. Considehing the high position of poetry literature and history and that like Beyhaghi he takes responsibility for what he writes and regards truth fullness as a sigam of greatness and telling lies as an indicator of the worthless of speech, his poesms can not be simply considered as untrue. According to long history of Iran and Armenia, Historical texts, Researchers results and Nezami,s Khosro and Shirin tale; it seems that not only Shirin,s being Armenian is not unsubstantial, but there are evidences which reiaotoree this view paint. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - The Concept of Examination and Trial in ''Khosrow'' & ''Shirin ''work of Nezami
Zahrasadat Mousavi Ahmad KhatamiIn this paper, we (the writers) try to analyse the concept of ''examination and trial'' in ''Khosrow'' & ''Shirin'' literary work of Nezami, together with effects and requirements. The examination and trial means to test or; and in Quran culture it refers to sets of MoreIn this paper, we (the writers) try to analyse the concept of ''examination and trial'' in ''Khosrow'' & ''Shirin'' literary work of Nezami, together with effects and requirements. The examination and trial means to test or; and in Quran culture it refers to sets of continuous programmes which are about human being and his function and behaviour. In this literary work; Nezami causes ''Khosrow'' and ''Shirin'' to be exposed to several examinations, such as love, separation, power and etc. This paper starts; with presentation of the background of examination and trial,. Then it goes by citing the history of examination and trial in Quran, and anecdotes of Innocents and philosophical texts dealing with the studying the examination and trials existing in literary work of ''Khosrow'' & Shirin''. And with purifying ''Khosrow'' & ''Shirin'' story we study the present examination and trials. Ultimately, we, conclude that in this literary work (Khosrow & Shirin) , Nezami has purified their loves through examination and trial, Nezami fosters these two characters and purify their loves by changing their lustful loves to a heavenly and purely love. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - A study on nostalgia of love, separation and deprivation in the “Gold Lock” slug poem of Hamidi Shirazi by focusing on the element of allegory and allegorical evidences
Gh. Hayati A. Dehghan S. A. H. KazerooniNostalgia in literary studies, is a method of writing said to be which on its basis, poet or writer, sorrowfully or painfully describes and depicts the past which has in his mind or the land which he has many memories from Its. Regret, memory of the past, grief of lonel MoreNostalgia in literary studies, is a method of writing said to be which on its basis, poet or writer, sorrowfully or painfully describes and depicts the past which has in his mind or the land which he has many memories from Its. Regret, memory of the past, grief of loneliness, homesickness, pain of separation are the characteristics of Nostalgia. One of the great contemporary poets who in his romantic and nostalgic poems has included considerable cases of love, separation and deprivation nostalgia is Dr. Mehdi Hamidi Shirazi (1293-1365 solar). In this article, it is attempted to study and analyze the love, separation and deprivation nostalgia of the beloved in one of the beautiful poems of Hamidi Shirazi by focusing on the element of allegory and allegorical evidences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Khatun hessari A survey on : women’s rights and their social status Based on the “Mathnavis works” in “Leily & Majnoon” and “Khosro & Shirin”
miresmaeel Ghazi ShirazWomen are actually our sisters, mothers, daughters and our “spouses” . From our perspectives (men), they are considered as the noblest, loveliest, most attractive and most “decent” humans on Earth. We, thus, accept no miss-conception, mistrust re MoreWomen are actually our sisters, mothers, daughters and our “spouses” . From our perspectives (men), they are considered as the noblest, loveliest, most attractive and most “decent” humans on Earth. We, thus, accept no miss-conception, mistrust regarding them. Since very old days, there have existed different opinions as regards women’s liberation and their equality of “Rights” with men. Unfortunately the origin of this misjudgment, and misinterpretation have been based on , somehow, unjust evaluation , in other words the misconception of so-called superiority of “man over women”. If this very ill-supposed implication is not justified, all men’s endeavor will presumably be misguided, and lead to social ambiguities. Nezami, in two of his Mathnavi’s works has successfully illustrated woman’s social status. He believes that Leily suffers from her family’s unfair and Arab ethnic tradition; while Shirin was trained and grown in fairly liberal, Iranian and Armenian culture. The conflicting characters of these Two women have been illustrated the Iranian poetry. Nezamy, has artistically illustrated the Iranian woman’s life; specially her freedom to select her spouse (husband) this is the most fundamental right for each person. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Study of the teaching points in concepts of social justice and social security from Saadi perspective
Parvane Adelzadeh Behroz GhaforiTeaching points of social justice and security are exalted ideas. Although, these elements are praised but individual have different account toward them. This category as an important human teaching has been considered by the scholars from the past. In oriental teaching MoreTeaching points of social justice and security are exalted ideas. Although, these elements are praised but individual have different account toward them. This category as an important human teaching has been considered by the scholars from the past. In oriental teachings social justice and security are main human goals. This subject matter has been discussed in valuable works of Saadi. In Saadi account justice means distribution of possibilities based on meritocracy. In this perspective, distribution of material and welfare possibilities and also power should be done based on competencies .He believes in distributive justice and in governance he consider middle class competent for government. Indeed, this scholar of Persian literature believes in meritocracy from economic and social viewpoints.This article tries to investigate Saadi teachings in social and security justice as the scholar of fourteen century in order to offer different approach for policy makers and researchers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Dialogue and Dramatic characterization in Nezami's lyrics: Khosro and Shirin
Vahideh Shirkavand Seyed Ahmad Hosseini KazerooniNezami's lyrics, Khosro and Shirin, as a great example of Persian lyrics, have embedded different parts of dramatic type in it. Nezami's Khosro and Shirin is very significant in dialogue and characterization. It is also eminent when there is a necessity of monologue. By MoreNezami's lyrics, Khosro and Shirin, as a great example of Persian lyrics, have embedded different parts of dramatic type in it. Nezami's Khosro and Shirin is very significant in dialogue and characterization. It is also eminent when there is a necessity of monologue. By bringing the examples from the inside of the context, the writer in this essay has tries to analyze the characters and their dialogues and finally the readers can believe that a work can be both dramatic and literary, whether it is the lyrics type or other types. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Evaluation of Critical Buckling Load in FG Plate using Analytical and Finite Elements Methods
Hossein Ahmadi Rashid AMIR GHIASVAND Maziar Mahdipour Jalilian Mahdi Kazemi -
Open Access Article
167 - The Effectiveness of Shafiabady’s multiaxial pattern training on entrepreneurial behavior of female students in the third year of secondary school (high school)
Samira Soltanianshirazi katrin fekriThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Shafiabady’s multi-axial pattern of vocational choice training on the entrepreneurial behavior of female students in the third year of secondary school (high school)of Marvdasht city. The research metho MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Shafiabady’s multi-axial pattern of vocational choice training on the entrepreneurial behavior of female students in the third year of secondary school (high school)of Marvdasht city. The research methodology included two groups; post-test and pre-test quasi-experimental group and control group. The statistical population included all the students in the third year of Hajar Female High School in Marvdasht. Of all the 200 students who obtained less than 10 (bellow average) in Entrepreneurial Behavior Questionnaire (Fekri, Shafiabady, Nouranipoor, and Ahghar, 2012) 30 students were randomly selected and assigned to the two control and experimental groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 5/1 hours training based on multi-axial pattern training while the control group received no intervention. The post-test was conducted and data were analyzed by inferential statistics (analysis of covariance). The results showed that multi-axial pattern training have a positive and meaningful effect on entrepreneurial behavior and its dimensions such as decision-making, identify opportunities, structure determination, determination of sources and terms, and determination of objectives and strategies (p< 0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Predicting job Performance and Organizational Creativity by Internal and External Stressors Among Telecommunication Company Employees in Shiraz
alireza ghasemizad وحید فرهادیThe main aim of this research was to predict job performance and organizational creativity by internal and external stressors among Shiraz Telecommunication Company employees. The research method was descriptive - correlational. The population consists of all administra MoreThe main aim of this research was to predict job performance and organizational creativity by internal and external stressors among Shiraz Telecommunication Company employees. The research method was descriptive - correlational. The population consists of all administration staffs of Shiraz Telecommunication Company (422 people). From among them, 201 cases were selected using stratified random sampling. The research instruments were standardized questionnaires including Cohen and Williamson stress scale (1998), Alves, Faerstein & Werneck Job Stress Scale (2004), McColl, Paterson, Davies, Doubt & Law Job Performance Scale (2000) and Ivancevich & Matteson Creativit Scale (1990). Multiple regression method was used to analyze the collected data. Overall, the findings showed that external and internal organizational stressors are able to predict 64% of employee’s performance (P<0.01). Also, external and internal organizational stressors are able to predict 80% of employee’s creativity (P<0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Examining the Relationship between Students’ Levels of Perfectionism and their Achievements in English Learning
Farhad Ghorbandordinejad -
Open Access Article
170 - The comparison of misunderstanding of the third grade high school students and B.A and M.A students about the concept of electricity
Ashrafoalsadat ShekarbaghaniThe aim of the present research was to investigate about the comparison of misunderstanding of the third grade high school students and B.A and M.A students about the concept of electricity. The research method was descriptive survey. The population of the study was con MoreThe aim of the present research was to investigate about the comparison of misunderstanding of the third grade high school students and B.A and M.A students about the concept of electricity. The research method was descriptive survey. The population of the study was consisted of all high school students in Tehran, all students of Computer Engineering (Software Engineering), the students of Information Technology (B.A) and the students of solid-state physics (M.A) in Tehran Payame Noor University, Robatkarim, in academic year 1391-1392.285 participants consisted the sample, including 125 students from high school (68 from math major and 57 from empirical science major), 130 undergraduate students (72 Computer Engineering students and 58 Information Technology students) and 30 M.A students (Solid-State physics). A diagnostic test comprising six questions with multiple-choice format was used to collect the required data. To ensure the content validity of the instrument, a panel of 20 teachers of physics verified the questionnaire. The reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha as 0.87.The test was given in a normal condition with no in advance awareness. After the test was run, the frequency, frequency percentage, the tables and corresponding graphs were used. To assess how well students understood, the conceptual evaluation method was applied. In this method, the options were categorized in four types as: full understanding, partial understanding, misunderstanding and lack of understanding.The findings showed new misunderstandings about the concepts of static electricity. Based on these findings, it seems so necessary that physics curricula and instructional materials which are about to be recently revised by the Ministry of Education be taken into more considerations so as to organize the concepts of static electricity and its modeling in related textbooks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Design and simulation of novel RF MEMS cantilever switch with low actuation voltage
Bahram A. Ganji Khadijeh Khodadady -
Open Access Article
172 - Designing a hybrid model for classification of imbalanced data in the field of third party insurance
Mahnaz Manteqipour parisa RahimkhaniThe major part of Iran's insurance industry portfolio is the field of compulsory civil liability insurance of motor vehicle owners against third parties. Therefore, detecting the behavior of this insurance field will be effective in order to provide better services to t MoreThe major part of Iran's insurance industry portfolio is the field of compulsory civil liability insurance of motor vehicle owners against third parties. Therefore, detecting the behavior of this insurance field will be effective in order to provide better services to the customers of the insurance industry. Predicting the claim rates for insurance policies, based on the features saved for each insurance policy, is one of the problems of the insurance industry that can be solved with the help of data mining techniques. Insurance is designed using the law of large numbers. In simpler words, a sufficient number of insurance policies are issued, and a small part of this number of insurance policies deal with claims. From the sum of the issued insurance premiums, the cost of claims will be compensated. Therefore, the insurance industry is faced with imbalanced data. The imbalances of insurance industry data causes many challenges in data classification. In the field of third-party insurance and in the data set of this research, there are 14 features for every policies and the data imbalance ratio is 1 to 0.0092, which is considered severe imbalanced.MethodIn this research, we deal with the classification of severe imbalanced data in the field of third party insurance. To overcome the problem of imbalanced data, two hybrid models with different architectures based on 5 basic Gaussian Bayes models, support vectors, logistic regression, decision tree and nearest neighbor are designed. First proposed hybrid model is using random sampling from whole dataset and applying a resampling method for classification and second one selects samples from each labels separately and apply a classification model on the whole selected data. The results of these models are compared. ResultsThe obtained results show that the proposed hybrid models can predict the occurrence or non-occurrence of traffic accidents better than other data mining algorithms. The popular measures such as precisions and recalls of two proposed hybrid models show that second hybrid model has higher performance. And in ensemble phase, the number of models in simple voting as a hyper parameter can be adjusted based on the company's strategy. Also, the use of decision tree to ensemble basic models to build a combined model provides better results than simple voting of basic models.DiscussionTo do more research on the problem of imbalance data classification more complicated resampling data algorithms could be applied and the results be compared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - The Relationship between Industry and Art in the Thinking of Qutbuddin Shirazi
Samira Afraz Ismail Bani Ardalan Hadi RabieiThe term 'industry' now signifies art in today's common understanding. Historically, 'industry' was employed in a broader sense rather than referring to art, and it underwent analysis and scrutiny by thinkers. For instance, in literary texts, it was depicted as a virtue MoreThe term 'industry' now signifies art in today's common understanding. Historically, 'industry' was employed in a broader sense rather than referring to art, and it underwent analysis and scrutiny by thinkers. For instance, in literary texts, it was depicted as a virtue, and in Islamic wisdom and Sufism, it was denoted as a profession imbued with sanctity, encompassing both physical and spiritual dimensions. Each Islamic sage and philosopher interpreted it similarly, leading them to view the creation of artificial works from a spiritual perspective. Undoubtedly, the primary source of discussions on industry, including the views of pre-Socratic critics, can be traced back to Greek sources. Qutb al-Din is undeniably indebted to these profound ideas within the realms of philosophy, ethics, and spirituality. This study, utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to address the following questions: What is the relationship between industry and art in Qutbuddin's works? How does Qutbuddin's conception of industry differ from the contemporary understanding of art? The findings indicate that Qutbuddin's industry was associated with a profession, with a broad application, and he approached it from a perspective of spiritual conduct. According to this sage, the concept of art differs significantly from its contemporary interpretation. Allameh's classification of industries acknowledges that they all stem from knowledge, emphasizing that one lacking manufacturing knowledge would be unable to produce industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Revisiting Identity and the Formation of the Third Space in Contemporary Art of Isfahan, with an Emphasis on the Theory of the Third Space by Homi Bhabha (Case Study: Works by Hossein Tahvilian, Mohammad Khalili, Seyed Mahmoud Hosseini, and Mehdi Hamedi)
Seyed Mahmood Hosseini Dehmiri Hossein Tahvilian Mohammad KhaliliThe art of painting in Isfahan has a historical background dating back to cave dwellings in this region, playing a significant role in the evolution of Iranian painting and maintaining its structure throughout governmental changes. Isfahan's geographical location, situa MoreThe art of painting in Isfahan has a historical background dating back to cave dwellings in this region, playing a significant role in the evolution of Iranian painting and maintaining its structure throughout governmental changes. Isfahan's geographical location, situated in the center of Iran, has provided Iranian artists with the opportunity to engage with both Eastern and Western transformations. This characteristic, coupled with the migration and establishment of art universities in Iran, has had a profound impact on cultural and artistic relationships, leading to innovative movements in contemporary Isfahan painting. Drawing on the concept of hybridity and the third space, Homi Bhabha effectively describes the formation of this space in postcolonial critique and emphasizes its significance in generating new cultural and artistic interactions. One of the key factors contributing to the creation of such a space in contemporary Isfahan painting is the presence of migrant artists and graduates from art universities in other cities who have contributed to the emergence of a new visual space in Isfahan's art scene. This article aims to review the identity and formation of the third space in contemporary painting in Isfahan, with a focus on Homi Bhabha's theory. The central question of this research is: What impact have immigrant artists had on the reinterpretation of identity and the formation of the third space in Isfahan's contemporary painting? The research methodology employed is primarily a combination of a fundamental-applicative approach in terms of its objective and a descriptive-analytical approach in terms of its nature. The sampling method utilized is purposeful, involving the selection of four artists who have studied both in Tehran and in universities and schools in Isfahan, particularly in the field of painting. The research findings demonstrate that immigrant artists in Isfahan have successfully contributed to the creation of a new intercultural space within the city, closely aligning with Homi Bhabha's conceptualization of the third space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Shah DaeiShirazi’s Intellectual Feed for Composing ChaharChaman Couplet
مسروره مختاری“Shah DaeiShirazi” is one of the mystic poets and missionaries of IbnArabi’s pantheism in 9th century and there are several works of him left in verse and prose. One of his verses is titled “Shah Daei’s Six Collections”. “ChaharChaman” couplet is his fourth verse, in wh More“Shah DaeiShirazi” is one of the mystic poets and missionaries of IbnArabi’s pantheism in 9th century and there are several works of him left in verse and prose. One of his verses is titled “Shah Daei’s Six Collections”. “ChaharChaman” couplet is his fourth verse, in which the poet has considered implicitly his earlier works such as Attar’s “MantequlTeyr”. Since no study has ever been conducted on this couplet and that of Shah Daei’s thoughts, the present study is an attempt to study how the earlier poets influenced the poet, especially Attar, using descriptive- analytic and library method. In addition to the structure (debate within versified story and characters), Shah Daei is influenced by Attar concerning seven valleys of spirituality and pantheism. The fact that Shah Daei followed IbnArabi with the obvious reflection of his ideology on the work including the frequency of terms and the content make up the center of his attention. Despite the influences, “ChaharChaman” couplet is an innovative work regarding artistic and literary structure because the poet was able to melt up the scattered thoughts of his earlier poets in his own style using the imagination and create an eternal work of art. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - The Concept of “Perception”fromAbdulQahir-al-Jorjani Era to Islamic Mystical Texts
Abbas TalebzadehShoshtari Ali Nouroozi Abbas Arab Fatemeh AskariNormal0falsefalsefalseEN-USX-NONEAR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-pare MoreNormal0falsefalsefalseEN-USX-NONEAR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} > The main goal of this study is to illustrate the relationship and combinations of two sciences: rhetoric, the discussions which relate to semantics and some religious Islamic texts which is useful in the comparative studies. The term “Perception” for Add- al-Qahir-al-Jorjani concern with the wide, different aspects such as the relations between them and metaphor in the meaning, even in his aspects to the different Perceptions. On the other hand, he concerned with the heartily reflection, while it is the term on “the Perception” in the Islamic, mystical texts. The followers perceived the world by hearty reflections. Whereas Add- al-Qahir-al-Jorjani has not entered in the Islamic, mystical texts, but he unconsciously considered the term, ”Perception” in the mystical literature”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - God of The World and The world of God (A Study of Man’s Nature in Ganj-e Ravan and Chehel Sabah of Shah Daei Shirazi)
Masroureh Mokhtari Mahsa KazempourShah Daei Shirazi, a mystical poet of the ninth century AH, is one of the preachers of Ibn Al-Arabi's mystical ideas and one of the students of Shah Nematullah Vali. The Masnavi of Ganj-e Ravan and Chehel Sabah are the second and third one of his six Masnavis respective MoreShah Daei Shirazi, a mystical poet of the ninth century AH, is one of the preachers of Ibn Al-Arabi's mystical ideas and one of the students of Shah Nematullah Vali. The Masnavi of Ganj-e Ravan and Chehel Sabah are the second and third one of his six Masnavis respectively. These poems, by taking advantage of the poet's genius and the ideas of his predecessors, including the mystical thoughts of Ibn Al-Arabi and Rumi's style in Masnavi, have reached a degree of innovative literary and artistic structure. Due to the fact that no special research has been done on the mentioned works so far, the present study, with its analytical-descriptive method and using the library resources, introduced these two masnavis and studies the human nature within to explain the poet's view on human nature and its levels with an ontological approach. The results of the research show that Shah Daei does not consider human separate from existence and human is at the highest level of existence and the evolutionary course of human passes through existence. Based on Ibn Al-Arabi, Daei considers the perfect man as the reflection of divine names and attributes and a mirror of the whole universe. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Ranks and Elements of Knowledge in Masnavi “Mashahed” by Shah Dai Shirazi
Masroureh Mokhtari Saeed Aqanejhad saeinShah Dai Shirazi is one of mystic poets and missionaries of Ibn Arabi’ existence unity thought and has written several works including verse and prose. One of his verses is “seteye Shah Dai”. The masnavi “Mashahed” is the first prose of his MoreShah Dai Shirazi is one of mystic poets and missionaries of Ibn Arabi’ existence unity thought and has written several works including verse and prose. One of his verses is “seteye Shah Dai”. The masnavi “Mashahed” is the first prose of his sextet masnavis in which the poet, considering his thought inclination, has composed in “seven Mashhad”: request, abstraction, verve, exploration, knowledge, truth, and monotheism. Since no study had been done concerning this masnavi, the present research has introduced this work and studied one of important mystic issues e.g. “knowledge” and its ranks and elements in this Masnavi using analytic- descriptive method. This study indicated that following Ibn Arabi and impressive reflection of his ontological thought in title and structure of the work particularly words, terms frequency, and the content are notable. According to Shah Dai’s thought, knowledge possesses ranks and degrees. Knowledge of self, knowledge of existence, and knowledge of God are important elements of knowledge in masnavi Mashahed. Shah Dai argues that knowledge of human is related to ontology and these two lead to knowledge of God. The finding is that knowledge of God is not possible for mystic due to refusing independence and the mystic can reach “monotheism” stage thinking about manifestations of divine names and traits using exploration and intuition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Reflection of Mystical Themes in Newly Found Zahir Kermani’s Masnavi (Couplet)
Pari Maalmali Ahmadreza Yalameh Parisa DavariZahir Kermani, the Shiite poet and literary man, lived in Kerman during the twelfth century AH. There are four works left by this poet: Masnavi, Golshan Zohour, Majmaul Bahrain, Vameghi and Ezra. His Masnavi was mistakenly mentioned at the introduction of Divan in handw MoreZahir Kermani, the Shiite poet and literary man, lived in Kerman during the twelfth century AH. There are four works left by this poet: Masnavi, Golshan Zohour, Majmaul Bahrain, Vameghi and Ezra. His Masnavi was mistakenly mentioned at the introduction of Divan in handwritten copies. It includes 8743 couplets. Most of his couplets form ethical and religious contents. The language is largely simple, fluent, and intelligible. Zahir primarily helps from wisdom to understand and comprehend mystical matters at the stage of recognition. He deems asceticism, hypocrisy, pretension, and sin as an obstacle over the course of sublimity and understanding of humankind, for which her recommends controlling one’s soul as a remover of the obstacle. He believes that realistic individuals refuse hypocrisy. In addition, asceticism is a weapon for controlling soul; and the purity and truthfulness of humankind versus repentance creates a shield against the evolution of human soul. Thereafter, for its evolution the soul goes on a spiritual journey through the wings of love beyond its wisdom. He is the representative of honesty and certainty so that he makes every effort to live in reality and gain the Almighty satisfaction. He is a personage that by means of asceticism assumes God to be watching over his actions even in his loneliness and veil, and when encountered with sensitive situations, he trembles and responds negatively so that this turning away holds a lot of consequences and results. He presumes repentance to be turning back from sin and compensation of wrongdoing. He believes that the one who walks the course of guidance will eventually arrive at destination whereas the one who picks out deviation or aberration will arrive at failure and disgrace. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Principles of Spiritual Journey from Seyyed Yahya Shirvani’s Viewpoint
Zeinab alsadat Hashemi Maryam Mahmoudi Hossein AghahoseiniSeyyed Yahya bin Baha'ddinShirvani, Sufi and poet and scholar of the ninth century AH (868), was born in Shamakhi city. He is known as the Second Believers and halvatic paths Sheikh. There are works and treatisesin which they describe the mystical issues and teachings. MoreSeyyed Yahya bin Baha'ddinShirvani, Sufi and poet and scholar of the ninth century AH (868), was born in Shamakhi city. He is known as the Second Believers and halvatic paths Sheikh. There are works and treatisesin which they describe the mystical issues and teachings. Shiravani in the treatise called Manazelal-Asheqin introduces forty mystical home and his seven divisions of the mystical stages are similar to AsfarSadrai. The mystical stages in his view are: Journey to Allah, journeyto Allah, journey on Allah, journey with Allah, journey in Allah, journey in Allah, journey to Allah)which is due to the inner self-creation and the breeding of the soul with endeavor, kindness and journey is in Allah. In the treatise the AtvarAl-ghoolob, he addresses the state and position of the heart and names seven ways: Sadr, Heart, Passionate,Fu'ad, Habat al-ghalb, Soveida and Cool heart. He believed about reaching to truthwho mystical achievesby Shariah with observe the pathsmystic to the truth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Religious and Mystical Themes in Taher Watar's Novel "Allaz (Based on Farklaf Pattern)
Sobhan Shafeian Katauon Falahi Leila QasemihajiabadiSufism and mysticism have played an important role in contemporary revolutions and literatures throughout the Islamic world. The intellectual and revolutionary movements of the Sufi sects in Algeria are one of the most influential and prominent roles of Sufism and mysti MoreSufism and mysticism have played an important role in contemporary revolutions and literatures throughout the Islamic world. The intellectual and revolutionary movements of the Sufi sects in Algeria are one of the most influential and prominent roles of Sufism and mysticism in this period. The foundation of Taroutar's thought was laid by the influential contemporary writer Al-Jazeera in the mystical and religious environment. In the present study, we try to refer to the mystical and religious themes in the novel "Allaz", one of the first and most famous novels of Watar, by research, research-analytical method. With a religious and mystical reading of Ellaz, the results show that the novel contains estimates that the author uses in simple language that is far from obligatory, using standard language, with accurate staging and partial imagery for understanding. Deep down the theme of the novel is attempted by the reader. In this novel, traces of mysticism, description, and religiosity such as the Holy Prophet (PBUH), behavioral pattern, Raja, and religious proverbs are presented in an artistic way to depict the events and adventures of the story well for the audience. Be. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - The Effect of Ibn Arabi's Theory ( Unity of Being) on Da'ei Shirazi’s Settah
Seyyedeh Shahnaz Soleimani Omidvar Malmoli Seyyed Ali SohrabnezhadMuhyiddin Ibn Arabi (538-638 AH), a great Islamic mystic, has introduced certain ideas into Islamic mysticism in the sixth and seventh centuries AH. Some of these ideas, under the title of Unity of Being, have a special character after him in many mystical texts. Shāh D MoreMuhyiddin Ibn Arabi (538-638 AH), a great Islamic mystic, has introduced certain ideas into Islamic mysticism in the sixth and seventh centuries AH. Some of these ideas, under the title of Unity of Being, have a special character after him in many mystical texts. Shāh Da’ei Shirāzi (870-870 AH), a poet and mystic of the ninth century AH, is one of those who has received many influences from Ibn Arabi. In his commentary on Golshan-e-Rāz by Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari, entitled Nasa’em Golshan, he has dealt with Ibn Arabi's thoughts. In addition, there are many aspects of Ibn Arabi's thought, especially the issue of the Unity of Being, in the margins of his Divan and Settah. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method. The information and data have been collected using the library documents and books. The result obtained from this research clearly shows that Shah Da'ei borrowed his idea of the Unity of Being from Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi and simplified it by using his allegories and explanations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Natural Frequency and Dynamic Analyses of Functionally Graded Saturated Porous Beam Resting on Viscoelastic Foundation Based on Higher Order Beam Theory
M Babaei K Asemi P Safarpour -
Open Access Article
184 - Linear and Nonlinear Free Vibration of a Two-Dimensional Multiferroic Composite Plate Subjected to Magneto-Electro-Thermo-Aerodynamic Loading
S Razavi H Ghashochi Bargh -
Open Access Article
185 - Whirling Analysis of Axial-Loaded Multi-Step Timoshenko Rotor Carrying Concentrated Masses
K Torabi H Afshari H Najafi -
Open Access Article
186 - Comparison of Two Kinds of Functionally Graded Cylindrical Shells with Various Volume Fraction Laws for Vibration Analysis
M.R Isvandzibaei P.J Awasare -
Open Access Article
187 - Third Order Formulation for Vibrating Non-Homogeneous Cylindrical Shells in Elastic Medium
M Gheisari H Molatefi S.S Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
188 - Vibration Analysis of FG Nanoplate Based on Third-Order Shear Deformation Theory (TSDT) and Nonlocal Elasticity
M.M Najafizadeh M Raki P Yousefi -
Open Access Article
189 - Non-Local Thermo-Elastic Buckling Analysis of Multi-Layer Annular/Circular Nano-Plates Based on First and Third Order Shear Deformation Theories Using DQ Method
Sh Dastjerdi M Jabbarzadeh -
Open Access Article
190 - Investigation of different tillage effects on Verticillium wilt disease in three cotton cultivars
Shahram Nowrouzieh Fatemeh Azad DisfaniA cause of economic reasons the cotton surface decreases and cotton planting trend to after autumn productions. To reduce time and cost of production, cotton cultivation without tillage was recommended. However, in this method management of diseases was important. Verti MoreA cause of economic reasons the cotton surface decreases and cotton planting trend to after autumn productions. To reduce time and cost of production, cotton cultivation without tillage was recommended. However, in this method management of diseases was important. Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae, was one of the most important factors limiting crop cultivars and susceptible to the disease. This study carried out to investigate the effect of no tillage method on cotton Verticillium wilt in randomized complete block design with four replications and natural infection of the pathogen (Verticillium dahliae) in three years. The main plot was tillage (moldboard plow+disk, chisel+disk, disk and no tillage) and three cotton cultivars contain Shirpan, Armaghan and T3 considered as a sub plot. The results show that applying different tillage methods did not have significant effect on the index Verticillium wilt. With respect to the results, in no tillage system after wheat harvesting could applied T3 cultivar whose relatively earliness and more tolerant to Verticillium wilt with good performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Effect of acaricide, Envidor speed, on figs spider mite, Eotetranychus hirsti (Acari: Tetranycidae)
Mehdi Gheibi Yazdanbakhsh TaheriFig spider mite, Eotetranychus hirsti (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a serious pest of figs (Ficus carica L.) in Iran and other fig growing areas in the world. Under low mite infestation level, the leaves show small transparent patches while under high infestation the leaves MoreFig spider mite, Eotetranychus hirsti (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a serious pest of figs (Ficus carica L.) in Iran and other fig growing areas in the world. Under low mite infestation level, the leaves show small transparent patches while under high infestation the leaves with yellowish-green appearance drop down prematurely. Effects of three doses (0.3, 0.4, 0.5 per thousand liters) of new acaricide envidor speed (spirodiclofen 222+abamactin, 18g/l SC) evaluated in comparison with three other acaricides i.e. spirodiclifen (0.5 per thousand liters), bromopropylate (1.5 per thousand liters) and abamectin (0.5 per thousand liters) on egg and adult stages of fig spider on Ezmir variety of fig orchards in Agricultural Research Center (ARC) of Estahban-Fars, during 2014. Five replications for every treatment done through randomized complete block design. 50 leaves were plucked from each block at random and number of egg and adult of Eo. hirsti recorded through ten sampling interval, one day before, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 24 and 30 days after chemical applications. The efficacy of the acaricides was calculated by Henderson and Tilton formula. The data were subjected to ANOVA and the means were analyzed by Duncan test. The results showed that after 5 days, three dose of envidor speed have a good effect than bromopropylate and abamectin. While the treated trees with bromopropylate and abamectin have a significant population of egg mite 16.6 and 22.5 eggs respectively, after 30 days. The mean number of eggs in treated trees with bromopropylate and abamectin increased after 15 days. Efficacy of bromopropylate and abamectin showed an absolute control on adult mite after one day and mean mortality was 93.12 and 98.12 percent, respectively. Different concentration of envidor speed showed high efficacy after 3 days and for 03, 0.4 and 0.5 mortality were 94.99, 94.65 and 100%, respectively. Spirodiclofen showed high efficacy after 7 days. The efficacy of bromopropylate and abamectin decreased after 15 days and were 47.13 and 72.43% after 30 days, respectively. The results showed that envidor speed has a longer and good effect on egg and adult form of fig spider mite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Identification of Parasitoids and Seasonal Parasitism of Citrus leaf miner Phyllocnistis citrella (Lep.: Gracillaridae) in Shiraz
Zahra Biparva Mostafa Haghani Hadi Ostovan Shahram HesamiSeasonal parasitism of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Citrus leafminer) were investigated weekly during June 2010–September 2011 in two citrus orchards in Shiraz. In orchard 1 Parasitoids were collected from larvae and pupae stage of citrus leaf miner: Pediobius MoreSeasonal parasitism of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Citrus leafminer) were investigated weekly during June 2010–September 2011 in two citrus orchards in Shiraz. In orchard 1 Parasitoids were collected from larvae and pupae stage of citrus leaf miner: Pediobius pyrgoWalker, Pediobius saulius Walker,Pnigalio soemius Walker. Moreover, Closteroceros formosa Westwood was observed in orchard 2. The most percentage parasitism was related to species P.soemius with 1.69% in orchard 1 and C. formosa with 26.32% in orchard 2. In orchards (1) and (2) the most percentage parasitism was in November 2010 with 2.88% and in January 2010 with 50.01% respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Analysis of the effects and factors of reducing energy consumption in sustainable urban development (case study, Shiraz city)
Peyman Afroozeh mohammad reza Ghorbani paramEnergy is one of the important and effective indicators in the direction of sustainable urban development; Because sustainable development aims to meet human needs and strives to preserve the environment. Therefore, it is impossible to ignore the relationship and effect MoreEnergy is one of the important and effective indicators in the direction of sustainable urban development; Because sustainable development aims to meet human needs and strives to preserve the environment. Therefore, it is impossible to ignore the relationship and effects of optimal energy management in different parts of the city. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects and factors of reducing energy consumption in the sustainable development of Shiraz city. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field data. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population consists of 1,565,572 citizens of Shiraz. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined to be 384 people. Also, 21 related experts were used for interviews to identify and analyze the factors of reducing energy consumption in Shiraz city. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed as well as the reliability with Cronbach's alpha above 0. 70. The results show that the factors of reducing energy consumption in sustainable urban development include 20 indicators, which are in total through factor analysis in 5 categories including urban body and form (39. 05), expansion of urban public services (21. 25), use Renewable energy (10. 92), improvement of social indicators (8. 55) and climate adaptation (7. 25) were recognized. Also, based on the content analysis, reducing energy consumption in sustainable urban development has 12 major effects, which using structural equation modeling, this effect is equal to 0. 76. The modeling results show that the most effective reduction of energy consumption on sustainable urban development is related to the improvement of the consumption pattern with a total effect value of 0. 88, followed by environmental protection with an effect of 0. 85, an increase in urban investment resources with an effect of 0. 83, and consumption Optimum energy in the building sector with a total effect of 0. 82. Extended Abstract Introduction: The formation, maintenance and development of a city based on the sustainable development approach requires various indicators. In fact, due to the nature of integration and correlation of various indicators in the sustainable development approach, one cannot hope for the realization of sustainable development in a city except in the shadow of attention and planning based on various economic, social and environmental indicators. In this regard, one of the indicators that has a wide connection with sustainable development and preservation of the environment and various resources is the energy index. Today, with the expansion of population, urbanization and large industries, a large part of energy is consumed in cities. In many cases, the amount of energy consumption in different parts of the city is more than the standard amount, and this issue has created many challenges. Considering the importance of the subject, exploration in various sectors of sustainable urban development and energy consumption is very important and undeniable. A large part of the sustainable development of Iranian cities can be realized by reducing energy consumption; Because energy and its optimal consumption play an important role in different parts of the development of cities. This impact can be seen in various fields of services, environmental management, urban traffic, construction management and buildings, etc. In this research, the aim is to identify and then analyze the effects and factors of reducing energy consumption in sustainable urban development, which was investigated in the case of Shiraz. The city of Shiraz has a special geographical, service, tourism and industrial position, and its multiple role-playing causes the effects of reducing energy consumption in the development of this city to be known and the related factors to be identified. Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical in nature and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study included the citizens of Shiraz and experts familiar with the subject. The population of this city was equal to 1565572 people according to the latest statistics available to the researcher and based on the population and housing census of 2015. Based on Cochran's formula, the statistical sample was calculated as 384 people and the sampling method was random. A statistical sample of 21 experts was also selected. Data collection methods are in two forms: library (documents) and field (survey). The tools of data collection were questionnaires and interviews. The interview method has been used to identify the factors of reducing energy consumption in sustainable urban development and in order to prepare a questionnaire. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through the elite community, and reliability was also confirmed with Cronbach's alpha above 0. 70. For analysis, the data are summarized, coded and categorized and finally processed to provide the basis for analyzes and connections between these data in order to answer the questions. SPSS and AMOS software were used for data analysis. Quantitative methods were used to measure and analyze the data, which included structural equation modeling and factor analysis. In the method of structural equations, based on the drawn model based on theoretical foundations, various indicators have been placed in the model and the effectiveness of each of the resilience indicators has been determined. Results and discussion: The measurement of sustainable urban development indicators through the T-Tech test shows that except for a few employment indicators of citizens with a significance level of 0. 222; Access of citizens to technology and technology with a significance level of 0. 071 and participation of citizens in city management with a significance level of 0. 055, other indicators were significant at a level less than 0. 05 and equal to 0. 000. Examining the significance direction according to the average indicates that sustainable development indicators include quality of life (2. 882), youth employment (2. 078), economic efficiency (2. 291), poverty reduction (2. 289), improvement of lifestyle Life and consumption pattern (2/085), participation of citizens in city management (2/752), use of clean energy (solar and. . ) (2/205), prevention of excessive city growth (2/362) Preservation of historical and cultural monuments (2/057), preventing the destruction of the city's environment (1/966), air pollution management (2/151) and appropriate distribution of uses (2/640) are in a weak state and this Indicators need serious planning. Also, the result shows that the three indicators of citizens' access to technology and technology with an average of 3. 114, citizens' access to appropriate education with an average of 3. 323 and access to appropriate medical and health centers with an average of 3. 625 are in an average situation and In fact, compared to other indicators of sustainable development in Shiraz, they have more suitable conditions. The results show that the factors for reducing energy consumption in sustainable urban development included 20 indicators. At the level of variables, the highest factor loading was related to the building density factor with a value of 0. 926. Also, two factors of using intelligent energy consumption control systems with a factor load of 0. 920 and using wind energy with a factor load of 0. 910 are known in the second and third ranks. These 20 indicators in total through factor analysis in 5 categories including urban body and form (39/05), expansion of urban public services (21/25), use of renewable energy (10/92), improvement of social indicators (55) 8. ) and climate adaptation (7. 25) were categorized. Also, based on the content analysis, reducing energy consumption in sustainable urban development has 12 major effects, which using structural equation modeling, this effect is equal to 0. 76. In total, it can be said that the 12 examined indicators, including the prosperity of production and economic activities, reducing urban pollution, reducing household expenses, improving the quality of urban life, improving the consumption pattern, increasing access to services, reducing greenhouse gases and etc. can be effective in improving sustainable urban development. Examining the effectiveness of 12 indicators in sustainable urban development shows that the total effect value is 0. 76, and in total, the reviewed indicators can explain about 76% of the variance, role-playing and positive effects in the sustainable urban development of Shiraz. According to the results of this model, the most effective is related to the improvement of the consumption pattern with an explanation of 0. 88. The urban environment preservation index has an explanatory power of 0. 85, the increase of investment has an explanatory power of 0. 83, the optimal energy consumption in the building sector has an explanatory power of 0. 82, and the reduction of household expenses also has an explanatory power of 0. 79 in the field of improving sustainable urban development. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that optimal energy consumption and its reduction can be effective in the sustainable development of Shiraz city, and this influence is realized through different patterns and indicators. Also, the result shows that the effects and factors of reducing energy consumption in various economic, social and environmental dimensions show their effectiveness and therefore affect various dimensions of sustainable urban development. Considering these points, the important role of optimizing energy consumption in the development of Shiraz cannot be ignored. In this regard, it is suggested that 1- local (traditional) patterns should be emphasized in order to reduce energy consumption in the buildings of this city in terms of architecture, form, etc. 2- In order to reduce energy consumption in the building sector and achieve sustainable development, it is suggested Incentive schemes for citizens can be strengthened in order to optimize energy consumption. 3- It is suggested that the costs of reducing the optimal energy consumption should be spent in the urban services sector so that citizens can see the results of their optimal consumption in the energy sector. 4- It is suggested that in order to optimize energy consumption and sustainable development of the city Shiraz, the smart infrastructure sector of this city should be upgraded. 5- It is suggested that suitable financial and credit facilities for citizens to use solar energy should be emphasized and planned. 6- It is suggested that the educational dimension related to energy consumption at the level of Shiraz city neighborhoods and in public places. be explained to the citizens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - To examine factors affecting on cities historical evolution (case study: Shiraz artillery square)
mona Moosavi Morteza Sharifi In this article with aim to understand how form artillery square spatial pattern in a city of Iran, it is tried to track the space background and basic factors involved in it's forming. For this, Shiraz More In this article with aim to understand how form artillery square spatial pattern in a city of Iran, it is tried to track the space background and basic factors involved in it's forming. For this, Shiraz historical structure and governmental centers of ages before zandieh has been examined to know the square bed. Also, we have defined and analyzed the word 'square' to answer this hypothesis whether artillery have been square or formed from a created space. The artillery space has some features of square in terms of operation and surrounded space but on shape and body had been converted into discontinuous body with irregular form due to it's connection to the city old texture. Generally, combining buildings with different operations around the square represents the importance of collecting citizens in a general space and reinforcing social communications in the square, and these combinations give different forms to the square in term of role, performance and characteristics of buildings around the square. Surrounded by defined and continuous walls is one of the square main characteristics. One of the features of the Buildings is it’s attaching to the square directly. The square importance is not limited to it's apparent shape and form rather as it is a place of gathering civilizations in most cases is important due to recalling historical events and social needs. The study structure is based on scientific - historical-library resources and first and second hand written and pictorial resources, and evidence analysis and evaluation has been conducted in interpretive_historical form.Extended AbstractIntroduction: In this article, with the aim of understanding how the spatial pattern of "artillery square" in the Iranian cities is formed, the background of this space and the fundamental factors involved in its formation are analyzed. Creating a very strong image of the city provides the basis for people to be balanced with the environment. In his civil works, Karim Khan paid more attention to the comfort and improvement of the people than more than to the beauty of the city. The art and architecture of the Karim Khan period is a combination of the former architecture of Iran and the continuation of traditional architecture in order to flourish the art and architecture and native engineering techniques.The enclosure of the Artillery Square in Shiraz during the time of Karim Khan Zand with defined and continuous walls is one of the main features of this square in which there is no interruption in the body of the square. In general, combining buildings with different functions around the square shows the importance of gathering citizens in a public space and strengthening social relations in the Zandieh period.Methodology: The first form of the structure of the city of Shiraz in the pre-Safavid period is related to its prosperity during the time of Al-e-Buyeh, the fourth century AH. At the time of Al-e-Buyeh, urban elements were established along the Azdi aqueduct and the overall structure of the city was formed as a single center. In the Atabakan period, the separation of urban functions according to the axis parallel to the aqueduct was observed and the central structure was weakened and tended to a corner of the city. In the Safavid period, the backbone of Shiraz, while maintaining the previous position, moved to the north, but due to the surrounding urban spaces by neighborhoods, the new Safavid complex has been formed in line with the old complex and at a distance from the previous complex. Urban open spaces are mainly formed within the elements based on the introverted pattern of urban texture and are transformed into urban squares in stages of ossification development.The first task of the Karim Khan dynasty was to select and decorate the city of Shiraz as the capital, which is not only a strategic and administrative base, but also a psychological weapon to strive for the continuation of public support and their national prestige. Karim Khan built tall buildings with large and stretched spaces due to the dual spirit of "people-war". His designs were a mixture of the architecture of the predecessors and the architecture of the Safavids. It has used the architectural elements of its predecessors, especially the Achaemenids, Sassanids, Safavids and Seljuks in their external and internal buildings and facades. In general, the ossification of the Shiraz city in Zandieh period has been in line with the market as in the past, and the new urban complex has been developed in a westerly direction. In the Safavid period, unlike the Atabakan period, when the texture of the ossification area was compact and attached to each other, the urban texture was formed around open urban spaces (squares), but in the Zandieh period, the density and openness of the city texture was not similar to the Safavid period. In the context of this period, there are a series of buildings that are separate, which include open and closed spaces separately. A square is a space or place with regular or irregular dimensions that acts as a place for specific activities or functions (permanently or at specific times, periodically). Square identity is defined by three main elements: "function", "center" and "side". Squares are geometrically designed in two ways and lack regular design.Results and discussion: The existence of the "open urban space" of the Safavid period, due to its features and potentials, allows prisoners to use part of this space and change it to a larger square called "artillery square". Its features and potentials include: connection to the old Safavid context and connection with Vakil Mosque, proximity to Vakil Bazaar, government garden, possibility of development and expansion, and in general position, being at the top of the city entrance from Baghshah gate and also connection with Isfahan Gate through Vakil Bazaar. General characteristics of artillery square are as follows: Karimkhani Square as an urban facility and arsenal consists of three sections: 1. The political section, including the Pergola Mansion and the Madhouse; 2. The economic sector, including the market; and 3. The military sector, which included the training square. In this square, the citadel served as the king's house and the main core of the square. The Artillery Square performance is as follows: In the era of Karim Khan, this square was a place where cannons were kept, which, according to William Franklin, were not used. In the square and in front of the citadel, there was a platform on which Khan's music group played a song every day at sunrise and sunset. The Nasiri Farsnameh also states that in this square, soldiers were trained to practice the system. The Characteristics of the spaces around the artillery square including Vakil Bazaar, Vakil Mosque, Bagh-e Nazar, Arg and Divankhaneh as some of the surrounding spaces, are described in detail in this article. The general body of the artillery square, i. e. spaces and buildings in this square are placed side by side and because they have different functions, they display different views in the body of the square. One of the prominent features of Karimkhani buildings is the predominance of the functional role of the building over their form and aesthetic characteristics. In Karim Khani buildings, simplicity and strength can be clearly seen and in the proportions of this building, the climatic conditions of Shiraz have been considered.Conclusion: Urban space as a linguistic unit of urban design can be described objectively and mentally. In objective perception, two aspects are raised: the physical perception of space and the experience of space. In mental perception, all areas that are the place of public functions and social activities are built within the urban space. In the urban design of this period, the functional aspects have been given more importance than the aesthetic values. The importance of the square is not limited to its appearance and form, but because it is a public gathering place for citizens, in most cases it is important for remembering historical events and social needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Investigation and analysis of effective indicators on Smart housing in Shiraz city
Hamid-Reza Rakhshaninasab Massoud Charrahi Mojtaba Soleimani DamanehProviding suitable housing in terms of safety, comfort and energy efficiency has been considered as the most important human demands, and in this context, the intelligent building system creates ideal conditions in buildings by using the latest technologies. In this reg MoreProviding suitable housing in terms of safety, comfort and energy efficiency has been considered as the most important human demands, and in this context, the intelligent building system creates ideal conditions in buildings by using the latest technologies. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to investigate the position of the indicators affecting smart housing in Shiraz city. The current research is descriptive-analytical in nature and practical in terms of purpose. Data collection has been done by two library and field methods. The statistical population of the research is the specialists and experts in the field of housing in Shiraz, and 72 experts were selected as the sample size using the Delphi sampling method. To analyze the data, one-sample t-tests, regression and structural equations were used. The results of the sample T-Tech test show that the index of energy consumption and optimization with the value of 3.12 and the index of hardware and software with the value of 2.75 have the highest and the lowest level of intelligence of residential buildings. . The results of the structural equations show that among the indicators of the technology dimension, the speed of data extraction in the building with a coefficient of 0.411, among the indicators of the energy consumption dimension, cutting off energy and gas in times of danger with a coefficient of (0.641) and in the hard dimension Software, control of equipment with an application with a coefficient of (0.412) have the greatest effect on the intelligence of residential buildings in Shiraz city, and in general, technology and data dimension with a coefficient of 0.502 and hardware dimension with a coefficient of 0.311 in optimal energy consumption and realization of smart building. is a transition In general, the residential buildings of Shiraz city are not in a good condition in terms of smart building, and considering the modern and high-rise residential buildings as well as the old and dilapidated structures, in order to improve the quality of life of the residents and save energy consumption and prevention. From upcoming events, it is necessary for city managers to pay attention to smart technology.Extended AbstractIntroduction: With the entry of superior technologies into the construction industry and the need to respond to the new needs of society, smart housing has been in the spotlight as an emerging but extremely attractive phenomenon. In all the countries of the first world, scientific and academic centers have implemented many research and operational projects for its better understanding and development, considering its advantages and also the reception of its users. Among the most important factors and features that have made it popular among consumers are security and safety, convenience and comfort, ease of management, management and energy saving, and helping to promote health and wellness (Mashayekhi et al., 2019: 186).The city of Shiraz is located in a hot area with limited energy resources, and in order to create stability and save energy consumption, increase safety and security, it is necessary to pay attention to building smartness. Therefore, the smart building in Shiraz city can create stability in the urban space so as to ensure security, safety, optimal energy consumption, resilience against risks, hence the aim of the current research is to investigate the status of smart building indicators in Shiraz metropolis. How many smart indicators do the buildings in Shiraz meet? And which of the areas of Shiraz metropolis has more favorable conditions in terms of smart residential building indicators?Methodology: The type of research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. Data collection has been done in the form of library (books, articles, documents, etc.) and field (questionnaire) using the Delphi technique. The statistical population of the research includes specialists and experts in the urban area. The Delphi method was used to determine the sample size, and 72 people were selected as the sample size. Statistical methods of one-sample t-test, multivariate regression and structural equations have been used for analysis.Results and discussion: According to the results of the TTech test, it can be said that the information technology indicators of smart residential buildings in Shiraz city are exemplary, such as; The existence of three-dimensional models of construction information and the review and control of data related to building costs, because the alpha error level of the indicators is at the level of 5%, the significance or suitability has been confirmed at the level of 95% in the entire information technology component. In the smart residential buildings of Shiraz city, with a coefficient of 0.079 and a significance level of 0.217, it is not significant, it does not have favorable conditions.In general, according to the index and its results, the component of optimal energy consumption of residential buildings with a coefficient of 0.057 and a significance coefficient of 0.501 is not meaningful, and it shows that Shiraz city is not in a favorable condition from the perspective of energy consumption and its optimization.According to the results of the T-Tech test, it can be said that the hardware and software indicators of smart residential buildings in Shiraz city are such as; The existence of a comprehensive computer network in the building, the ability to adapt the equipment to changes in the building's uses, the use of intelligent systems in the building, the use of sensors and operators with local operation in the building, the building automation system, the use of monitoring and control of building equipment, the possibility of viewing and Monitoring the condition of the equipment through the software, controlling the equipment with a mobile phone or tablet application because the alpha error level of the indicators is more than 100%.In order to check more closely between the indicators and the main dimensions of the smart building, the structural equations were done in SMARTPLS. Technology and data indicators in the smart building 1- The speed of data extraction in the building with a coefficient of (0.411), 2) The ability to exchange building data with other systems with a coefficient (0.279), 3- the possibility of reporting data and information of all parts of the building (0.193), 4- existence of three-dimensional models of building information with a coefficient (0.259), 5- existence of a digital map of the building (0.371), 6- Monitoring and controlling the information of all building details (0.329), 7. Controlling data related to building costs (0.308) can be effective in controlling and optimal energy consumption.Among the indicators, energy consumption, energy and gas cut-off in times of danger with coefficient (0.641) and intelligent control of cooling and heating or coefficient (0.509) have the most effect, respectively. The results of examining the indicators in the hardware section show that the equipment control index with a mobile phone or tablet application has the most effect with a factor of (0.412) and overall technology and data with a factor of 0.502 and hardware with a factor of 0.311 in optimal energy consumption and The realization of the smart building is effective. The results of the structural analysis are given in the form of the following figure.Conclusion: The results of a single sample analysis of the components affecting smart buildings show that among the examined components, optimization component with a figure of 3.12 and hardware and software with a figure of 2.75 energy consumption and are respectively the highest and the lowest. They have a level of intelligence. The results of structural studies show that among the indices of the technology dimension, the data extraction speed index in the building with a coefficient of 0.411, among the indices of the energy consumption dimension, the index of energy and gas cut-off in times of danger with a coefficient of (0.641) and in the hardware dimension of the index Equipment control with application has more effects with a factor of (0.412) and in general, the dimension of technology and data with a factor of 0.502 and the dimension of hardware with a factor of 0.311 is effective in optimal energy consumption and the realization of a smart building. The inadequacy of the smart components of residential buildings in Shiraz city indicates that the platforms for smart building have not yet been provided in Shiraz city and a large part of the residential units in Shiraz are old and dilapidated. As a result, it is impossible to have smart components (hardware, energy management, technology) in these residential units, as a result, a significant part of the residential unit lacks such equipment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Evaluation of policies of the Islamic city council in the field of urban planning and architecture of Shiraz city from the perspective of sustainable development
Abdoljalil Sharifi mohammdali shariari Nafiseh Vaez,Councils, as institutions that derive their legitimacy and popularity from the people, can play an important role in urban policy-making through their decisions regarding urban form, especially in the fields of urban planning and architecture. The present study aimed to MoreCouncils, as institutions that derive their legitimacy and popularity from the people, can play an important role in urban policy-making through their decisions regarding urban form, especially in the fields of urban planning and architecture. The present study aimed to evaluate the urban policies of the Islamic City Council of Shiraz in the field of urban planning and architecture from the perspective of sustainable development. The research method was descriptive-survey, using a questionnaire tool. The statistical population of this study consisted of managers and heads of various departments of Shiraz municipality (executive experts) and university professors familiar with the research topic (academic experts). The sample size was calculated to be 113 individuals using Morgan's table. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. The study's findings indicated that for evaluating the urban policies of the Islamic Council, the Hagoort and Gunn model (1984) consisting of 5 dimensions of issue identification, policy formulation, decision-making, policy implementation, and policy evaluation can be used. To measure these dimensions, 19 components related to urban policy-making were identified based on the opinions of academic and executive experts in the field of urban planning. The results showed that at a significance level of less than 0.05, the dimensions and components related to urban policy-making were significant. The results also indicated that the status of the dimensions and components of the Islamic Council's urban policies was evaluated as average. The Friedman test results for ranking the dimensions and components of policy-making showed that among the dimensions, issue identification and among the components, the delegation of power and resources to the members of the Islamic Council obtained the highest rank. The results of the one-sample t-test also indicated that the performance of the Islamic Council in terms of urban planning and architecture policies was less than 0.05. In the field of urban planning, the best performance of the Islamic Council pertained to the consultation and legal supervision of the urban planning department and its affiliated units with a score of 0.803, and in the field of architecture, the best performance pertained to consultation and approval of regulations and decisions in the field of architecture with a score of 0.705.Extended AbstractIntroduction:In the current climate of urban expansion and urbanization, the Islamic city councils are important civil governance institutions that are responsible for realizing the rights of citizens in the urban area. The city council as a decision-making institution for urban development is more important today than ever before. The importance of councils in the administration of affairs is so great that in the decentralization system of governments where political and administrative power has been transferred to the provincial, urban, and rural levels, councils have significant importance (Tavakliniya and Noor Mohammadi, 2012). It is said that the main purpose of forming the Islamic City Council is to rapidly advance urban development programs through the cooperation and participation of the people, therefore, in Iran, councils find an existential philosophy as one of the institutions that supervise the performance of the public sector (Pirmozen, 2008). Islamic city councils are defined as the main guide of urban activities to realize the management of the urban unit. Therefore, according to the constitution and the approved law of Islamic councils dated (1375), the main task of urban management is assigned to the Islamic councils of the city, whose representatives are elected by the people (Nowrozi Far, 1380).Therefore, because of the aforementioned contents and the lack of research that evaluates the urban policy of the Islamic City Council from the perspective of sustainable development, and because sustainable development emphasizes qualitative and human criteria more than any other criterion, Therefore, to achieve a real stable situation in cities, it is necessary to develop policies to achieve sustainable cities. Therefore, this research seeks to evaluate the urban policies of the Shiraz Islamic Council (as a study) from the perspective of sustainable development, so that appropriate suggestions can be made from the results of such research to promote urban development.Methodology:This research is applied research in terms of nature and purpose. The descriptive-analytical research method and the research strategy used are quantitative. In this research, an attempt is made to use the positivist method in a theoretical framework and to analyze the research problem by using survey and field methods, considering the application of quantitative problems. The statistical population of the research consists of the managers and supervisors of various departments of Shiraz municipality (executive experts), which according to the available statistics include 138 people, as well as university professors familiar with the subject of the research (academic experts), of which 25 people were identified by the researcher. And as a result, the size of the statistical population reached 163 people. Random sampling method was used for sampling from the mentioned population and Morgan's table was used to determine the sample size, and the results showed that the required sample is 113 people. Also, the data collection tool of this research is a researcher-made questionnaire, the questions of which are designed and developed based on the components proposed in the research model (19 questions) and are used to collect data from the studied community after confirming validity and reliability.Results and discussion:After distributing 113 questionnaires among the members of the studied community, finally, 102 valid questionnaires (90% return rate) were obtained for analysis, and the information description of the received questionnaires showed: in terms of gender, nearly 57% (with a frequency of 58 people) of the answers The research respondents are women and about 43% (with a frequency of 44 people) of the respondents are men. Therefore, most of the research respondents are women. In terms of service history, the findings showed that 4.9% (with a frequency of 5 people) had less than 5 years, 41.1% (with a frequency of 42 people) between 5 and 10 years, 53.9% (with a frequency of 55 people ) have between 10 and 15 years of service experience. Therefore, most of the respondents have between 5 and 15 years of work experience (95%). Regarding the level of education, the results showed that 21.5% (with a frequency of 23 people) had a bachelor's degree and 78.4% (with a frequency of 80 people) had a master's degree or higher. Therefore, the absolute majority of respondents have a master's degree or higher. In terms of the type of employment, the results showed that 53.9% of the respondents have formal employment, 42% have contractual employment and the rest have contractual employment.Also, the result of the T-Tech exam indicates the performance of the Islamic Council in terms of policies in the field of urban planning and architecture at a level of less than 0.05. In the field of urban planning, the best performance of the Islamic Council was related to the index of consulting and exercising legal supervision over the deputy of urban planning and its affiliated units with a value of 0.803, and in the field of architecture, the index of consulting and approving regulations and approvals in the field of architecture was with a value of 3.705.Conclusion:The findings of the research showed that to evaluate the urban policies of the Islamic Council of Shiraz from the perspective of sustainable development, it is possible to use the Hogwood and Gann (1984) stage model consisting of 5 dimensions of problem identification, policy formulation, decision making, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. It was found that 19 components were used to measure the aforementioned dimensions according to the opinion of academic and executive experts in the urban area. Also, the results showed that at a significance level of 5%, 5 dimensions and 19 components related to them cannot be rejected. The ranking of the dimensions and components also indicated that among the dimensions that shape the evaluation of urban policies with emphasis on sustainable development, the highest rank is related to problem diagnosis and among the components that shape the evaluation of urban policies with emphasis on sustainable development, the highest ranks were respectively related to the components of the amount of delegation of power and resources to the members of the Islamic Council of the city and attention to urban diplomacy. The final result indicates the average policy situation of Shiraz Islamic Council. In this context, their policies and performance in the field of urban planning and architecture have also been significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Assessment of Spatial Differences (Discrepancies) of Realization of Right to Participation and Assigning the City to Self in Light of the Notion of Right to City in Hachirood- Chalous Township
majid sanaei raza Vafadar Sooraki kataayoon AatefiSpatial city is to satisfy the dreams of those who have left their own hometowns and enter it in pursuit of better life. Striving to attain their desired aims is the right of citizens of any city, the most well-known of them being the right to city. Studies show that th MoreSpatial city is to satisfy the dreams of those who have left their own hometowns and enter it in pursuit of better life. Striving to attain their desired aims is the right of citizens of any city, the most well-known of them being the right to city. Studies show that the right to city has never been balanced in all cities (with any area and population) and in any region or part of a city. Different people living in various cities or city parts experience different situations. Thus, the present study looks for spatial differences of realization of right to participation and assigning the city to self in light of the notion of right to city in Hachirood which is a small town comprised of 10 neighborhoods in order to determine the extent to which these concepts are realized. The present study is applied and in terms of nature it is descriptive-analytical and survey. Data collection is based on both library and field methods. The instruments of data collection were a researcher-made questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha= 0.911) and interviews with citizens of Hachirood. Population of the study consists of all citizens (n= 10398) and the sample included 370 individuals in accordance with Cochran’s formula. Analysis of the data was conducted by using SPSS and binomial test. Also, for drawing the maps, Arc GIS software was utilized. Results show that central, southern and eastern neighborhoods of Hachirood enjoy better conditions in comparison with other neighborhoods because of more convenient accessibility to administrative centers, public and service spaces, higher variety of service centers, better roads and closeness to public transportation system.Extended AbstractIntroduction: Spatial city is to satisfy the dreams of those who have left their own hometowns and enter it in pursuit of better life. Striving to attain their desired aims is the right of citizens of any city, the most well-known of them being the right to city. Studies show that the right to city has never been balanced in all cities (with any area and population) and in any region or part of a city. Different people living in various cities or city parts experience different situations. Thus, the present study looks for spatial differences of realization of right to participation and assigning the city to self in light of the notion of right to city in Hachirood which is a small town comprised of 10 neighborhoods in order to determine the extent to which these concepts are realized.Methodology: The present study is applied and in terms of nature it is descriptive-analytical and survey. Data collection is based on both library and field methods. The instruments of data collection were a researcher-made questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha= 0.911) and interviews with citizens of Hachirood. Population of the study consists of all citizens (n= 10398) and the sample included 370 individuals in accordance with Cochran’s formula. Analysis of the data was conducted by using SPSS and binomial test. Also, for drawing the maps, Arc GIS software was utilized.Results and discussion: In order to investigate the realization of right of city in Hachirood, first of all, the town was divided into four planning sections and then indexes of right of city in each of the sections were compared. Division of the town was performed by the researchers and included the central section (central Hachirood), western section (Noorsar, Kiakola, Mesedeh), eastern section (Emamrood, Doojman, Abbaskala), and the southern part (Hartehkala, Akbarabad, Chakhani). Examination of the planning areas in Hachrood in terms of fulfillment of right to participation and self0assignment demonstrate that the central part has the best situation regarding the index of right to participation. It seems that the central section with its administrative centers such as the municipality, banks, and other institutes, and the southern section with inhabitants with longer records of living in Hachirood, enjoy higher averages in comparison with their counterparts. Moreover, considering the self-assignment index, the central section is in the best situation. Apparently, the central and eastern parts have higher averages than other sections because of better availability of public and service spaces, variety of service centers, higher quality of roads and closeness to public transportation system. Also, recapitulation of items representing right to participation and self-assignment of city in notions of right to city in Hachirood showed that on average, the number of items with below -average values outnumbered the items with above-average values.Conclusion: From the results, it can be inferred that small towns, in spite of efforts to attain social justice for citizens, have been unable to fulfill their inhabitants’ rights due to multitude of reasons. Acoording to the present study, closeness to city center and urban services enhances participation of citizens and subsequently, their satisfaction with amenities and services encourage them to further take part in urban affairs. Additionally, such citizens are happier with urban management and performance owing to increased enjoyment of urban services. On the contrary, those who are farther from city center or live in far reaching neighborhoods enjoy less and as a result, minimize their public contribution to urban affairs. However, in larger scales, this is a recurring theme in almost all small towns. In these towns, citizens have limited access to amenities and generally speaking, right to city remains unfulfilled for them. All in all, results suggest that central, southern and eastern parts are in better conditions because they have access to administrative centers, public and service spaces, variety of service centers and quality of the roads and also, closeness to public transportation systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Prioritizing sustainable urban regeneration policies in the Historical area of Shiraz with attention to authority relations
Elham Amanzadegan Manouchehr Tabibian Mohammad Amanzadegan Hossein Amanzadegan Maryam Amanzadegan Historical areas have rich cultural, social and heritage resources due to the existence of buildings and collections of valuable spaces and the narration and reading of the reality of life and the activities of human beings living in it in More Historical areas have rich cultural, social and heritage resources due to the existence of buildings and collections of valuable spaces and the narration and reading of the reality of life and the activities of human beings living in it in the transition of history. The need to intervene in historical areas seems to be undeniable due to the needs of today's urbanization and the process of natural erosion and physical metamorphosis over time. The "sustainable urban regeneration" approach, due to the simultaneous, comprehensive and integrated considerations of physical, functional, economic, social, environmental, managerial, legal dimensions, focus on preservation, protection and development of heritage-identity capital preservation more than other policies. The present article intends to prioritize sustainable urban regeneration policies in the four neighborhoods of Shiraz historical context to create a link between the two concepts of sustainability and urban regeneration in Shiraz historical area neighborhoods, changes in its management and at the same time social, physical, cultural, and environmental regeneration and ultimately lead to vitality, dynamism, and the promotion of status and civic life in the historical area. The data required for the research have been collected through library studies, documents, field studies, reports of organizations involved in urban management and completing a questionnaire by Delphi method and interviews with experts in historical area by exploratory method. The statistical population includes citizens of five neighborhoods of the historical-cultural region of Shiraz, equivalent to 24871 people. The sample size was selected based on Cochran's formula and the questionnaire was randomly distributed and completed. Based on the policy of sustainable urban regeneration, the policies and plans of the historical area of Shiraz were analyzed and evaluated by statistical methods like Fuzzy-Topsis & T test. The results of statistical tests in order to prioritize policies indicate that the components of regeneration and sustainability in the historical area of Shiraz are lower than desired and physical policy with an average of 2.933 as the highest index, socio-demographic policy, environmental, participatory, cultural - Tourism, management, legal and economic are in the next categories with an average of 2.932, 2.920, 2.809, 2.778, 2.739 and 2.628, respectively. Given the need to pay attention to managerial and legal policies in historically valuable areas and the theories of Habermas and Foucault in this regard, there is a need to present a new approach and pay attention to the authority relations and institutions involved in the context.Extended AbstractIntroduction: The decline in the quality of the urban environment, due to the prevailing pattern of urbanization of industrial cities and fundamental changes in the structure and function of the central and old urban parts, made the issue of regenerating the historical and ancient parts of cities as an important issue. Many theorists have used various perspectives to solve this fundamental problem, such as attention to culture, modern perspective, neo-urbanism, and so on. Despite many efforts in this field, their goals were focused on the physical part of urban historical contexts and have been presented in the form of various policies. All aspects and indicators of sustainability and regeneration in the historical context have not been considered simultaneously. The basic principles as well as the participation of the people have led to the non-implementation of some executive policies in the historical context (Amanzadegan & Tabibian, 2021: 3). The process of revival and metamorphosis in historical contexts has been subjected to various ideas in the last century, which have been formed based on spatial and temporal conditions and policies governing contexts and have undergone changes in the form of different ideas (Yazdani, et al., 2017: 42-43). Some perspectives and approaches to intervention in historically valuable contexts have sometimes sought to inject new ideas into contexts without addressing the contemporary and up-to-date needs of contexts and people, as well as the main concerns of urbanization today, and this is a reason for failure. Thoughts and views as well as plans and programs that seek to correct and solve the problem of historical contexts. Therefore, in spite of many activities, considering that one of the issues of experts and decision-makers in these matters is the preservation of historical sites and the revitalization of ancient area, and government policies in recent decades have emphasized to correct the ancient texture, but unfortunately what is actually observed in practice is the gradual and uncertainty of these areas (Habibi & Maghsodi, 2017: 55-59). Due to the inefficiency of views and theories related to the historical context, the use of regeneration in the historical area along with the issue of sustainability, will lead to an integrated and sustainable development of the context. The comprehensive approach to sustainable urban regeneration can affect the quality and identity of historical contexts by considering all dimensions and components of sustainability and regeneration affecting the historical context.Methodology:SPSS software and t-test were used to analyze the collected data. Fuzzy TOPSIS has also been used to rank regeneration policies in neighborhoods. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed based on the opinions of experts in the field of regeneration, 30 questionnaires were completed to assess the reliability and Cronbach's alpha of various indicators was more than 0.70. The policies formulated in the approved plans and programs for organizing, improving, renovating and regenrating the historical context of Shiraz in the detailed plan of the historical context, which are facing more incompatibility, were selected.Discussion and findings:T-test was used to prioritize sustainable urban regeneration policies. Due to the use of the Likert spectrum, the average is three. If the average is higher than average, it indicates more impact and if the average is lower than average, it indicates less impact. In order to assess the status of urban regeneration policies in the historical context, the one-sample parametric t-test (with the value of test 3) has been used. Given the level of significance obtained, it can be said with 95% confidence that the test results are acceptable. The results show that the average of all dimensions is below average. Physical dimension with an average of 2.933 as the highest average, social-demographic, environmental, participatory, cultural-tourism, managerial, legal, and economic dimensions are in the next categories with the average of 2.932, 2.920, 2.809, 2.788, 2.739, and 2.628, respectively. In order to assess the status of regeneration and sustainability policy in multiple neighborhoods of Shiraz historical context, t-test has been used. The results indicate that among the six components of regeneration and sustainability in the four neighborhoods of the historical context of Shiraz, three components are above average and three components are below average. The physical component with an average of 3.443 has the highest average and in other words is the most desirable component; And the component of public participation with an average of 2.232 has the lowest average and in other words is the most undesirable component. In general, the situation of regeneration and sustainability in the four neighborhoods of the historical area of Shiraz with an average of 2.993 is lower than the desired level. In order to be able to compare and rank historical area’s neighborhoods in terms of sustainable urban regeneration dimensions, the fuzzy TOPSIS model has been used. Also, fuzzy hierarchical analysis technique has been used to weight the indicators. After extracting the regeneration policies using the Delphi method and classifying the causes of non-feasibility of the plans and programs of the historical context of Shiraz in different areas related to the regeneration policy, different stages of fuzzy TOPSIS have been performed.Conclusion:It can be concluded that in general, the policies of urban regeneration plans and programs in the historical area of Shiraz are in an unfavorable situation, which can be confirmed according to obtained averages. In general, it can be said that the economic dimension includes; Reducing the profitability, efficiency and desirability of reconstruction projects in the historical context before and during implementation, increasing project implementation costs, lack of investor attraction, financial and economic weakness of the residents of the context, etc., are the most important components affecting the implementation of sustainable urban regeneration policies and programs in the city of Shiraz which is considered to be one of the main reasons for the failure of regeneration programs in this area.This result is important considering the ruling planning system of the country and the very important role of the executive and financial power of the employer. It seems reasonable that each of the projects, plans and programs for the regenerations of the historical context of Shiraz in order to succeed in the historical context, need to pay attention to the component of economic and financial power.In order to solve the problems of the historical-cultural context of Shiraz, a set of goals have been considered in the proposed program and plan, and if these goals are realized through strategies and executive policies, a big step will be taken to regenrate and revitalize the historical-cultural context of Shiraz.Encourage indigenous and non-indigenous investments to create sustainable employment in historic neighborhoods.Investing in small businesses to increase economic competition in these neighborhoods.Establishing a direct connection between the historical buildings of the city center and the revitalization of the historical contexts of the city.Special attention to integrated and coordinated local management.Review of the organizational structure and organizational chart of the municipality of Shiraz historical-cultural region.Elimination of parallel organization and establishment of the principle of organizational-institutional balance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Assessing the Impact of Shiraz Weekly Markets on Corona Outbreaks for Post-Corona Policy Making
yones gholami khodadoust askari somaee shahrokhiThe accident virus was reported in 2019 in Wuhan, China, and with a high ranking, it has affected the whole world and affected the lives of millions of people from various factors. The purpose of this research is. The statistical population of this study is all business MoreThe accident virus was reported in 2019 in Wuhan, China, and with a high ranking, it has affected the whole world and affected the lives of millions of people from various factors. The purpose of this research is. The statistical population of this study is all business owners in Shiraz in weekly markets. Cochran's formula was used for sampling and 180 samples were selected. The spatial domain of the research is the city of Shiraz and its temporal domain is September 1400. The method of data collection is a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed in two sections: general and specific. The reliability of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient questionnaire was in the good category with a result of 0.887. Analysis and analytical statistics of the questionnaire including descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS software. The results showed that the virus has affected the lives of employees in Shiraz weekly markets several times. The results of the research based on t-test show that the level of significance of all components is less than 0.5, ie information on all components (employment, socio-cultural, financial, family, tourism, education, political and Psychological) had a significant effect (P <0.05) so that it has an effect on the components of money, finance and psychology and has the least effect on socio-cultural and political components This shows that in the post-corona era, we need comprehensive policies to address the economic problems of this group and prevent social vulnerability.Extended AbstractIntroduction: Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses and subsets of coronaviruses that range from the common cold virus to more acute illnesses such as SARS, Mers, and Covid. Coronaviruses were identified in the 1960s and continued to be studied until the mid-1980s. The virus is naturally prevalent in mammals and birds, yet seven coronaviruses have been detected in humans. The latest is the coronavirus Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-COV 2), which broke out in December 2019. In Iran, on February 20, 2017, due to the death of two patients with respiratory complications in Kamkar Hospital in Qom, the presence of this virus was detected in the country. As of March 30, 2017, 16 countries in Canada, Lebanon, the UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Afghanistan, Iraq, Oman, Pakistan, Georgia, China, Estonia, New Zealand, Belarus, the United Kingdom, and Azerbaijan have announced that they have identified people with coronavirus. They are of Iranian origin. These wide-ranging challenges require a management frameworkThe outbreak of coronavirus was reported in Wuhan, China in late 2019, and with its high prevalence rate, it has affected all countries of the world and affected the lives of millions of people in various dimensions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of coronavirus on weekly market jobs in Shiraz. The statistical population of this study is all business owners in the weekly markets of ShirazMethodology: The statistical population of this study is all business owners in the weekly markets of Shiraz. For sampling, which is the process of selecting a number of members of the statistical community as a sample, Cochran's formula was used and 100 samples were selected. The research area is the city of Shiraz, whose location in the country and the province is shown in Figure (1). Its temporal realm is September 1400. The method of data collection is a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed in two parts: general and specific. The questions of the public sector include 10 questions (including age, work experience, education, gender, field of activity, etc.) and the questions of the private sector include employment index (6 questions), socio-cultural index (5 questions), index Financial (5 questions), Family index (6 questions), Tourism index (5 questions), Education index (3 questions), Political index (5 questions), Mental and physical index (5 questions) are on a five-point scale. Likerts are scored by choosing one of the quality options. In order to assess the accuracy of the questionnaire, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were checked. The validity of the questionnaire indicates that the questions in the questionnaire are designed in line with the objectives of the research and can properly measure the achievement of the objectives of the research. In order to check the validity of the research questionnaire, it should be said that in conducting the questions of this questionnaire, research related to the subject, related sites and news, and surveys of employees in this field have been used. To measure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which is designed based on the internal coordination of items with each other and is known as one of the coefficients of reliability or reliability, was used. The reliability of the questionnaire of this study was measured by SPSS software, which is classified as good with a result of 0.887.Results and discussion: The results showed that the corona virus from different dimensions has affected the lives of employees in the weekly markets of Shiraz. The results of the research based on t-test show that the significance level of all components is less than 0.5, ie corona on all components (employment, socio-cultural, financial, family, tourism, education, political and Psychological) had a significant effect (P <0.05) so that the greatest impact on the components of employment, financial and psychological and the least impact on socio-cultural and political components, this indicates that in the post-coronary period need We are a comprehensive policy to solve the economic problems of this group and prevent social vulnerability.Conclusion: Findings of this study on the negative impact of corona on employment with the results of the study of Taherinia and Hassanvand (1399) in his study entitled "Economic consequences of Covid-19 disease on the Iranian economy; Emphasizing Employment »showed that the prevalence of corona has a decreasing trend in employment and an increase in unemployment is similar. Also, the findings of this study on the negative impact of corona on education, employment, socio-cultural components, and family with the results of Jajarmi faith study (1399), which is an article entitled "Social consequences of the outbreak of Coronavirus in Iranian society" showed that Corona in areas such as family and education, labor relations and some social groups such as women, children, small business owners and immigrants, It has the most negative consequences, it is consistent. Also, the findings of this study on the negative impact of Corona on employment with the results of the study of the Statistics Institute (2020) which is an article entitled "The impact of Coronavirus on Iranian businesses" showed the negative effects of Coronavirus on reducing production and Iranian businesses The findings of this study on the negative impact of Corona on employment are the same as the results of the study by Bartik et al. The findings of this study on the negative impact of corona on employment are related to the results of the Kosheleh study (2020), which showed in an article, entitled "The collapse of jobs and workers in India: the impact of the coronavirus". The coronavirus has had a negative impact on employment and business in India. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - The Trust in Political Parties in the Urban Environment: The Case of Shiraz Metropolis
Asghar MirfardiThis paper examines trust in political parties and currents in the urban environment of Shiraz metropolis. The purpose of this article is to identify the level of trust in parties in the urban environment. The sample size was 383 cases that were selected by random clust MoreThis paper examines trust in political parties and currents in the urban environment of Shiraz metropolis. The purpose of this article is to identify the level of trust in parties in the urban environment. The sample size was 383 cases that were selected by random cluster sampling. The survey method and the self-administered questionnaire were applied whose validity and reliability were evaluated by Face validity and Cornbrash’s alpha coefficient, respectively. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the level of trust in parties according to the use of domestic radios, domestic television, and magazines and newspapers. There is no significant difference between the level of trust in political parties according to the use of satellites, the internet, and abroad Persian-language radios, but there is a significant indirect relationship between the degree of trust in parties and the membership period in social networks. There is a direct and significant relationship between the awareness of parties and the dependent variable. There is no relationship between age and the dependent variable. Independent variables explained more than 23% of the dependent variable variances. Trust in political parties in metropolis areas is associated with some modern media and awareness of political parties.Extended AbstractIntroduction: Political trust is the feeling of confidence that citizens have towards institutions and political actors and they believe that institutions, actors, and politicians behave in the right way in their field of work even in the absence of continuous monitoring (Blind, 2006). The metropolis of Shiraz, as one of the metropolises of the country, has a population composition with ethnic diversity and has faced a high population increase in the last two decades. Considering the centrality of the province and the regional position of this city in the southern part of the country, the evaluation of the components of political culture in it is of great importance. In this regard, this paper examines trust in political parties in the urban environment of Shiraz metropolis. The purpose of this article is to identify the level of trust in parties in the urban environment. Considering that most of the population of Iranian society lives in cities and metropolises are also the focus of political, social, cultural, and economic actions, knowing political trust in the urban environment is of great importance. The basic research question is what is the relationship between the use of mass media and political trust in political parties in the urban environment of Shiraz metropolis?Methodology:In this research, the survey method and the self-administered questionnaire were applied whose validity and reliability were evaluated by Face validity and Cornbrash’s alpha coefficient, respectively. The statistical population of the research included all the residents of Shiraz city 18 years and older (Iran Statistics Center, 2017), according to the size of the statistical population, based on Lin's table (Lin, 1976), the sample size was estimated to be 383 cases. Cluster random sampling was used to select samples by referring to localities with different socio-economic characteristics. The alpha coefficient for the variable of trust in political parties was 0.87 and for the variable of knowledge about political parties was 0.73.Results and discussion: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the level of trust in parties according to the use of domestic radios, domestic television, and magazines and newspapers. There is no significant difference between the level of trust in political parties according to the use of satellites, the internet, and abroad Persian-language radios, but there is a significant indirect relationship between the degree of trust in parties and the membership period in social networks. There is a direct and significant relationship between the awareness of parties and the dependent variable. There is no relationship between age and the dependent variable. There is a direct and significant relationship between the level of awareness about parties and the level of trust in political parties. The Pearson coefficient obtained for the age variable in relation to the level of trust in political parties indicates the absence of a relationship between the two variables.There is no significant difference between the level of trust in political parties according to the membership in social networks (Sig=0.156). Nevertheless, those who are not members of social networks have more trust in political parties. Independent variables explained more than 23% of the dependent variable variances. The contents of social networks can have divergent characteristics towards political parties. Due to their high cultural consumption and their lived experience in connection with political and administrative institutions, users living in metropolitan areas have a high level of distrust towards political parties.Conclusion: Foreign media users have less political trust than those who use domestic media more. The results obtained from the study of the media's role in the political trust are in line with framework theories such as Rush's political socialization model (Rush, 1998), the socio-cultural perspective on political trust and the image hypothesis, and their arguments support. There is a direct and significant relationship between the level of awareness of parties and the level of trust in political parties. The results of this study show the importance of media and the impact of their orientation on the political and social attitudes of the residents of the society, especially the residents of urban areas. According to the obtained results, the role of the media in the formation and transformation of political attitudes, especially political trust, can be analyzed according to the nature of their direction.Trust in political parties in metropolis areas is associated with some modern media and awareness of political parties. This finding is consistent with the results of the study by Crete et al. (2006) and Koushki et al. (2019). There is no relationship between age and trust in political parties. The finding obtained from the test of the relationship between these two variables is also compatible with Rush's political socialization perspective (Rush, 1998) and shows that awareness and recognition of political parties that are obtained through socialization, play an important role in political trust in political parties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - A Reading on Heritage Tourism in the Model of Regeneration the Historical Texture by Grounded Theory (Case Study: Shiraz)
Saeideh Ghaderi zahra sadat saeideh zarabadi Mojtaba RafieianThe most obvious characteristic of the historical textures of the cities is the valuable tangible and intangible urban heritage and the available and important capacities, which are neglected by the decision-makers. Heritage tourism is considered one of the important to MoreThe most obvious characteristic of the historical textures of the cities is the valuable tangible and intangible urban heritage and the available and important capacities, which are neglected by the decision-makers. Heritage tourism is considered one of the important tools for regeneration the historical contexts of cities due to its role in creating competitive advantages on a national and local scale. This role takes into consideration the protection and development of historical textures. The use of heritage tourism in historical areas can help the successful urban regeneration of these tissues. The current research aims to identify the existing assets and capacities in the field of heritage tourism and have a reading on the model of heritage tourism in regeneration the historical texture of Shiraz. This research is derived from the paradigm of interpretivism, its approach is inductive, the type of research is applied-developmental and its nature is descriptive-analytical, and it falls under the category of qualitative approaches, the method of collecting data is documentary, survey and purposeful sampling. Its data analysis is also based on open, central and selective coding, and the strategies of the Grounded Theory were used to explain the pattern. In this research, in order to achieve its goals, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 experts who included beneficiaries and users, influencers and stakeholders. Based on the foundational data theory, the collected documents were analyzed in 175 open codes, 131 concepts, 49 subcategories and 15 main categories. The result of the reading shows that the model of heritage tourism in regeneration the historical context of Shiraz should consider education, cultural, social and religious tourism, physical tourism, event-oriented, traditional values, spiritual heritage and social cohesion, at the same time. With it, capacity-building, pattern-making, promotion and encouragement, interaction, cooperation and action in the context of drafting and revising national and local laws, facilitating and mediating, facilitating and empowering the field of physical creativity, public participation and social vitality, and resulting to strengthen physical, cultural and social identity. Extended Abstract Introduction: The most obvious characteristic of the historical textures of the cities is the valuable tangible and intangible urban heritage and the available and important capacities, which are neglected by the decision-makers. Due to its role in creating new jobs and creating competitive advantages on a national and local scale, tourism is considered one of the important tools for regeneration historical contexts. By strengthening tourism, it is possible to achieve the protection of historical textures. Using tourism in historical areas can help solve urban problems and achieve successful urban regeneration of these areas. Heritage tourism is the redevelopment of an area with historical and cultural values, an inevitable process of urban development. The historical texture of Shiraz, has the most valuable spiritual characteristics such as cultural identity, specific cultural patterns, social and cultural authenticity, unique economic capacities and with specific patterns of architecture and urban planning, physical identity. However, the tourism capacities of the historical texture of Shiraz metropolis as one of the largest and richest historical and cultural centers of the country have been neglected. Therefore, this research seeks to identify the existing assets and capacities in the field of heritage tourism and have a reading on the model of heritage tourism in regeneration the historical texture of Shiraz Methodology: This research is derived from the paradigm of interpretivism, its approach is inductive, the type of research is applied-developmental and its nature is descriptive-analytical, and it falls under the category of qualitative approaches, the method of collecting data is documentary, survey and purposeful sampling. Its data analysis is also based on open, central and selective coding, and the strategies of the Grounded Theory were used to explain the pattern. In this research, in order to achieve its goals, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 experts who included beneficiaries and users, influencers and stakeholders. Based on the foundational data theory, the collected documents were analyzed in 175 open codes, 131 concepts, 49 subcategories and 15 main categories. Results and discussion: In the heritage tourism reading of the model of regeneration the historical texture of Shiraz, five categories of education, cultural, social and religious tourism, physical tourism, event-centered, traditional values and spiritual heritage, and social cohesion were identified as effective causal conditions. In this model, causal conditions include categories that affect the formation of the central category. Strategies for the realization of the central category, which are specific actions and interactions that have resulted from the central category, and in this model, people's participation, social vitality, and physical creativity. Fields have also been introduced as special conditions that affect strategies, facilitation and mediation, facilitation and empowerment, formulation and review of national and local laws. The intervention conditions in this model, which are the general background conditions affecting the strategies, are capacity building, pattern making, promotion and encouragement, interaction, cooperation and action. The consequences of the model of this research are physical identity, cultural and social identity. Conclusion: The historical texture of cities with historical and cultural attractions are neglected by decision makers and decision-makers, heritage tourism is one of the significant approaches in recreating historical contexts, which plays a very important role in economic, physical, social and It has a culture. A careful reading of this role should be placed in the agenda of the trustees so that it can consider the protection and development of historical contexts in a balanced way and have effective results in the regeneration of historical texture. In the historical context of cities, especially in the city of Shiraz, in the study of heritage tourism, event-oriented category, traditional values and spiritual heritage, we should focus on historical stories and narratives, capitals and spiritual heritage, traditional and old values of the context, events and Historical and cultural rituals should be emphasized and efforts should be made to inform about these events and values, documentaries, multimedia productions and storytelling. Also, education and training of tourism capacities of historical context should be taken into consideration. In the category of social, cultural and religious tourism, by using the capacity of creative houses, efforts should be made to identify, strengthen the attractions and recreational and tourism capacities, and introduce the religious and special attractions of the historical texture of Shiraz. The category of physical tourism, the diverse architecture of historical houses and the definition of tourism should be emphasized In order to read the role of heritage tourism in recreating historical contexts, especially in the city of Shiraz, in the context of facilitation and mediation by defining the duties of facilitator and mediator, fulfilling the role and reassuring people in heritage tourism should be emphasized, also in the category of drafting and revising national laws. And local attention should be paid to the review of municipal laws and cultural heritage and to fix the museum's view of historical contexts, and in the category of facilitating and giving authority, he paid attention to facilitating and delegating national authority to the provinces in carrying out context actions. At the same time, capacity building should be considered by formulating a comprehensive plan for the regeneration and flexible registration of the historical context, modeling, promoting and encouraging all-round participation in preserving the context's facilities, social activism and interaction with policy makers, inter-institutional cooperation in the implementation of various matters. The context and connection of activists with the media should be emphasized. The emergence of heritage tourism with physical creativity is possible by showing creativity, depicting events, making spaces attractive and creating stories, producing old architectural and artistic materials, and popular participation and social vitality in preserving the heritage of localities, the result of which is strengthening the physical, cultural and Social according to the identification and strengthening of physical assets, content-oriented patterns, memory generation, artistic cultural needs of the fabric, culture building, preservation of the original residents, the heritage of ordinary citizens and the prosperity of the traditional way of life in the valuable historical texture of Shiraz. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Investigating women's sense of security in urban public spaces: a case study of districts 5 and 2 of Shiraz
abolfazl meshkini somayeh Alipour Sadaf Sahraeian sajad SaeediToday, the rapid growth of urbanization causes various problems for the citizens in the urban space, and the issue of security as the background of a healthy society has gained a special importance in urban issues. The feeling of security is considered as one of the bas MoreToday, the rapid growth of urbanization causes various problems for the citizens in the urban space, and the issue of security as the background of a healthy society has gained a special importance in urban issues. The feeling of security is considered as one of the basic needs of citizens in urban spaces, which is the basis for the development of human societies. Meanwhile, women, as a part of the vulnerable sections of society, need a sense of security for their presence in urban spaces. The presence of women in safe spaces promotes the model of effective and better participatory social activities in the community scene. The present research is of an applied type, which was carried out in the statistical population of the 2nd and 5th regions of Shiraz city with a descriptive and analytical method. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the sense of security of women living in the statistical community. The process of collecting information is in the form of library and documentary studies, and the data is obtained from field surveys and questionnaires. In order to analyze the data and create sufficient scientific evidence needed to achieve the goal of the research, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression statistical analyzes were used in SPSS software.The findings indicate that region 5 has better social, physical and psychological conditions than region 2 and women feel more secure. Also, the results indicate that the social, physical and psychological dimensions have a direct relationship with each other, in other words, these dimensions have a direct relationship with women's sense of security in urban public spaces, that is, the higher the indicators of these dimensions are, the more secure women feel. Extended Abstract Introduction: Man and the environment in which he lives are inseparable from each other. The rapid growth of Man and the environment in which he lives are inseparable from each other. The rapid growth of urbanization and the ever-increasing population of urban dwellers, which brings with it the mixing and mixing of people in the urban space, has caused the discussion of security to gain special importance in urban issues, urban security. It means peace of mind and lack of fear of citizens from any threat and danger against the city, citizens, urban spaces, buildings and organizations, facilities and urban infrastructures and other important elements in urban life that cause concern and feeling of insecurity in citizens. brought The feeling of security is considered as one of the important indicators of the quality of urban life, and it is considered as one of the basic needs of citizens in urban structures, and it is of special importance due to the inclusion of a sense of peace and comfort in the environment for citizens. . Various factors affect citizens' sense of security; the security of women in the urban society will result in many social and economic benefits. The feeling of security in women can be effective in improving the pattern of social activities and bring about a better participation in the community scene Methodology: This research is of a practical and practical type, which was collected using the questionnaire tool, the required data in different periods of time in the fall of 2022. In this research, the statistical population of women over 15 years of age is 102,212 people. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size, which was 382 people by Cochran's method and taking into account the sample error rate of 0.5% compared to sampling from the target statistical population by stratified and random method. In the current research, the descriptive and analytical method was used and the process of collecting research information was collected in the form of library and document studies, and the findings were obtained from field surveys and questionnaires. Statistical analysis and questionnaire data are collected in such a way that for each index, a question is asked, and according to the five-scale Likert scale, answers including very weak, weak, average, good and very good are considered, which citizens according to They have answered the questions of the questionnaire and in the analysis of the data T and Pearson correlation tests have been used in the SPSS software format. Results and discussion: The calculation of the difference test in the indicators related to the social dimension of the sense of security in the two studied regions shows that the overall average of the index in the fifth region is 3.36 and the second region is 2.35, which indicates the difference in the level of security in the studied regions. Based on the obtained information, the indicators of neighborhood relations and the dynamics and activity of the population are more than the significance level (0.05) and the rest of the indicators are less than the significance level. It can be argued that there is an average difference between the two communities in question regarding the social dimension. The calculation of the mean difference test in the indicators related to the physical dimension shows the sense of security. Based on the analysis, region 5 shows a better physical quality than region 2. As we can see in this table, the level of significance of these two areas in terms of the indicators of lighting condition and face detection at night and the condition of urban furniture is calculated to be less than the level of significance (0.05). From the calculated value (0.05), which shows that there is no equality between the variances. The sig value of the T-test item 4 is more than the significant limit, which means that the average difference of the two communities in question is not significant in terms of this variable from the citizens' point of view. It can be argued that there is an average difference between the two communities in question regarding the physical dimension. The calculation of the test shows the average difference in the indices related to the security index, as it can be seen that the sig value of the T test in terms of the gender justice index is greater than the calculated significance level (0.05), which can be argued that the average difference of the two communities in question in terms of this index is meaningful from the point of view of the citizens. is not And the sig value of the T-test of other dimensions is less than the calculated significance limit value, which can be argued that the average difference between the population is significant. Conclusion: According to the results obtained, region 5 has better conditions than region 2 in terms of social, physical and psychological dimensions, and women feel more secure, and from the conducted tests, it can be concluded that social, physical and psychological dimensions are related to each other. They have a direct relationship and also these dimensions have a direct relationship with women's sense of security in urban public spaces, that is, as the indicators of these dimensions increase, women feel more secure. In this regard, some of the proposals presented in the research are such that it is possible to create people's organizations and form social and cultural institutions, especially institutions centered on women, in order to include as many women as possible and increase the interaction and social support of citizens from each other; Using waste and unused spaces in order to create interactive spaces and the participation of all classes for the dynamism and activity of the population and the increase and improvement of neighborhood relations; Private sector investment in temporary commercial activities on different days, including bazaars and bazaars with a focus on supporting women, such as bazaars for the supply of home business goods, such as handicrafts, etc.; Preventing the game exchange and land speculation, building the aggregation of small parts and increasing mixed and mixed uses for diversity of use and easier access for women in the area; Increasing awareness and civic participation by holding public meetings and consultations through the convergence and integration of residents and the use of cultural commonalities to control social harms at the neighborhood level in order to give citizens a sense of belonging to their place of residence. 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Open Access Article
203 - Investigation and analysis of the level of prosperity of Shiraz city of smart city indicators
alireza abdolahzadehSmartening is one of the important approaches of urban development that has been strengthened during the last two decades. Population growth and other developments show the importance of planning and smartening cities. On this basis, the metropolises have emphasized the MoreSmartening is one of the important approaches of urban development that has been strengthened during the last two decades. Population growth and other developments show the importance of planning and smartening cities. On this basis, the metropolises have emphasized the smart approach in order to overcome some challenges and sustainable management in different sectors. The city of Shiraz, as one of the metropolises of the country, needs planning in line with the development of smart city indicators. Therefore, examining the current situation of this city can help the management and development of this city. In this research, the aim is to investigate the extent to which Shiraz city has smart city indicators. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field data collection. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical community is formed by experts who are knowledgeable about the subject. Based on the snowball method, 96 experts in three areas of this city completed the questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through the elite society and its reliability was also confirmed using Cronbach's alpha more than 0.74. The result showed that the analysis of the results showed that all smart city indicators including economy, movement, citizen, governance, life and smart environment were significant at a level less than 0.05. Based on the results of the T-Tech test, it was found that the index of smart economy (3.432) and smart citizen (3.149) had an average status and the rest of the indicators were evaluated poorly. Also, based on the results of the Friedman test, the best situation is related to the smart economy index with an average rating of 5.04 and the worst situation is related to the governance index with an average of 1.72. In addition, the results of variance analysis confirmed that there is a significant difference between the regions of Shiraz city in terms of four indicators of movement, governance, life and smart environment at a level of less than 0.05. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Artistic images in the Ashura poems of Ahli Shirazi and Babafghani Shirazi
samayeh parvaeyanLamentation in the term means composing poetry in a person's mourning and has existed since the first periods of Persian poetry. In the Safavid era, this type of literature was linked to the Karbala incident and gradually became a stable culture. Since then, Shiite poet MoreLamentation in the term means composing poetry in a person's mourning and has existed since the first periods of Persian poetry. In the Safavid era, this type of literature was linked to the Karbala incident and gradually became a stable culture. Since then, Shiite poets have written religious poems, especially Ashura poems, detailing their events. Ahli Shirazi and Babafghani Shirazi are among the great poets of the Safavid era who wrote exhilarating poems in the mourning of Imam Hussein (AS) and the martyrs of Karbala. In this research, 267 bits of Ashura poems of the mentioned poets have been studied from the perspective of literary images by statistical analysis of data; The people of Shiraz have more artistic uses than Baba Faghani Shirazi. Most of the laments have heavy weights and a calm and sad tone.The frequency of Arabic words as well as words with the mourning discourse of Ashura (such as Karbala, blood, martyr, sorrow, etc.) is significant in all elegies. The syntactic structure of many sentences is necessarily confused with poetry, but these changes are common in poetry and are not considered prominence. Intellectually, all the elegies confirm that the poets are Shiites; Attributing the incident of Ashura to the sky, which is a kind of determinism, is significant in these poems. The most important result of the present study is to reveal the similarities and literary differences between the elegies of these two poets and to know their views on the martyrs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Analysis of Abdolsamad's allegorical paintings in Shahnameh
Effat Mohammadi Nayyer TahoriAllegory is one of the most prominent rhetorical styles in Persian literature of Iran and it can be said that allegory is also considered a method of storytelling and narration that includes a non-fiction theme with a cover of narrative elements and gives it a narrative MoreAllegory is one of the most prominent rhetorical styles in Persian literature of Iran and it can be said that allegory is also considered a method of storytelling and narration that includes a non-fiction theme with a cover of narrative elements and gives it a narrative form. Abdolsamad's paintings, which in the beginning were directly used and taken from the traditions of Iranian painting and the Tabriz school, have gradually tended towards a kind of realism, and his recent works indicate a powerful realistic approach. The purpose of this study is to analyze the allegorical drawings of Abdolsamad in Shahnameh. The method of this descriptive-analytical research and a number of drawings in the style of Iran and India have been studied. The results showed that despite the presence of artists such as Abdolsamad, the Gurkhani school was invented and reached maturity and prosperity. The use of allegory has played a role and has taken into account the specific rules and traditions of painting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - A comparative study of irony in Khosrow and Shirin Ferdowsi and Nezami
برات محمدی Parvin Faizullahzade hKhoiiRhetorical forms are important elements of semantics that, in addition to linguistic functions, have a tremendous effect on the outcome of meaning. Ferdowsi and Nezami are so intertwined with word and meaning that on the one hand in linguistic richness and on the other MoreRhetorical forms are important elements of semantics that, in addition to linguistic functions, have a tremendous effect on the outcome of meaning. Ferdowsi and Nezami are so intertwined with word and meaning that on the one hand in linguistic richness and on the other hand reinforcement of meaning is very important. Irony is one of the forms of expression and artistic style of speech and usually has a high frequency in the poetry of poets, and military and Ferdowsi speech and poetry are no exception to this rule. The purpose of writing this article is a comparative study of irony in Khosrow and Shirin Ferdowsi and Nezami. The research method is descriptive-quantitative. The results showed that the number of allusions in Khosrow and Shirin Nezami is far more than the allusions of Khosrow and Shirin Ferdowsi. The irony is more than the verb in the military work and Ferdowsi has used the irony of the name and adjective more in this. The reflection and frequency of cryptic allusions, implication and elaboration are low in both works, its percentage is very low in Khosrow and Shirin Nezami, but no frequency was found in Khosrow and Shirin Ferdowsi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Analyzing the metaphor of Masrha and the metaphor of Makaniyeh in the stories of Weiss and Ramin, Khosrow and Shirin, Gol and Nowruz.
bayan foroughkermanshahi mohammadreza ghari Majid AziziImagination is the essence and the main substance and constant element of poetry and it is something that comes from the power of imagination. Imagination is the measure of artistic value and validity of poetry. If we accept that poetry is the entanglement of thought, e MoreImagination is the essence and the main substance and constant element of poetry and it is something that comes from the power of imagination. Imagination is the measure of artistic value and validity of poetry. If we accept that poetry is the entanglement of thought, emotion and imagination in a melodious language, and that imagination is the main element of poetry, then we will realize the importance of imagination in the field of poetry. One of the most beautiful elements of imagination is metaphor, which has many types but In this article, it is tried to be investigated in general under the title of Masraha metaphor and Makaniyeh metaphor and to determine the amount of imagery with this element in the poems. To express his feelings, the poet chooses the most general element of imagination, i.e. metaphor. Based on this, three romantic poems which are similar in terms of theme, situation and romantic images have been chosen to examine the element of metaphor in them in order to know that in these poems, in different situations that occur in the story, To what extent have the poets decided to use the element of metaphor to convey their meaning? In this research, three love poems have been studied in a descriptive-analytical way, and the evolution of the images of fantasy from the 4th century to the 8th century has been examined. Also, a statistical chart of imaginary elements has been prepared, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Investigating the story-telling style and narrative structure of the Masnavis of Khaldbarin, Nazer and Manzoor and Farhad and Shirin Vahshi Bafghi and comparing it with the standards of contemporary literature.
Masumeh asadzade farhad flahatkhah Najibeh HonarvarIn this research, in addition to comprehensive and clear definitions of story elements, in a descriptive-analytical way, "examining the style of storytelling and the narrative structure of the Masnavis of Khaldbarin, Nazer, Manzoor, Farhad, and Shirin Vahshi Bafghi and MoreIn this research, in addition to comprehensive and clear definitions of story elements, in a descriptive-analytical way, "examining the style of storytelling and the narrative structure of the Masnavis of Khaldbarin, Nazer, Manzoor, Farhad, and Shirin Vahshi Bafghi and comparing it with the standards of contemporary literature" . The findings of the research show that in the wild works, story elements are used to advance the stories, and a design based on causal relationships strengthens them from the beginning to the end. Therefore, the orderly series of events and causal relationships between them encourage the reader to continue the story; In composing Farhad and Shirin, Vahshey Bafghi paid more attention to the quality of elements and its coherence than other poems. In examining the style of storytelling, the quality of using elements such as: plot, characterization, debate and conversation, point of view, theme, and in the narrative structure, tools such as: description, change in point of view, conflict, knotting, diversity in dialogue, staging and methods of This type is examined from the point of view of contemporary storytelling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - The study of the long-term methods of speech in Fereidun Moshiri's poetry
Zeinab BagheriDespite the fact that the new poem claims to have released itself from many of the clauses that prolong the classical poetry .But has not yet been able to be independent of expansion of speech. The characteristic of contemporary poetic, illustration with nice descriptio MoreDespite the fact that the new poem claims to have released itself from many of the clauses that prolong the classical poetry .But has not yet been able to be independent of expansion of speech. The characteristic of contemporary poetic, illustration with nice descriptions, repetitions, bringing literary synonyms, interpreting and explaining words, bringing sentences and ... Inevitably, has made contemporary poetry expanded. The writer has tried in this article in a descriptive-analytical way, to pay to the expansion of the word of poetry of Fereidoun Moshiri a contemporary poet from the perspective of the science of meanings. And discusses the issues of prolixity in his poem. The results show. The greatest excuse is to describe the tendency to create a sentiment in the audience .This case has been made his poetry verbose more than the others. Another reason for prolonging the word is repetition of words and sentences among the poems that this feature has dramatically extended its speech. The other footprint of verbalism is clearly in his poem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Social Nostalgia in the Poems of Fereydoon Moshiri
mehdi sotoodian moslem rajabiOne of the psychological terms that entered the field of literature is known as “nostalgia”. Although it has recently entered art and other sciences, it is not a new thing at all. Generally speaking, no one has ever been content with the current situation of MoreOne of the psychological terms that entered the field of literature is known as “nostalgia”. Although it has recently entered art and other sciences, it is not a new thing at all. Generally speaking, no one has ever been content with the current situation of society and his life and has always felt sad and gloomy in some days. One of the many types of nostalgia is social nostalgia. This nostalgia has attracted the attention of many poets, literati and critics in literature. One of the competent poets of contemporary times whose poems comprise a lot of social nostalgia is Fereydoon Moshiri. Moshiri’s poems are indeed an exact mirror of his time’s society. This research was done in order to present a correct image of his era and the society in which he lived by explaining the components of social nostalgia and investigating his poems Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Wisdom in the Poems of AbolfathBosti and SaadiShirazi
mohammad ahaygan'mehrThe rich Iranian literature is our eternal pride-worthy capital. Iran has been home to many world-famous men of letters. Every Iranian is duty bound to introduce them to the world community. In the present article, the author aims to study practical wisdom (practical et MoreThe rich Iranian literature is our eternal pride-worthy capital. Iran has been home to many world-famous men of letters. Every Iranian is duty bound to introduce them to the world community. In the present article, the author aims to study practical wisdom (practical ethics) in the poetry of these two poets: SaadiShirazi, who lived in the era of Khorazmia kings and the Mongols’ invasion of Iran (7th century H. G.) and AbolfathBasti, the Arabic speaking poet who lived in the Chaznavid era (4th century H. G.) their poems are replete with wisdom and advice. The present article tries to provide the readers with some wise meanings coming out of the two poets’ pure hearts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Species Diversity of Mites from the Macrochelidae Family (Acari: Mesostigmata) in Some Areas of Shiraz
نواب asadpor Hadi Ostovan sh. hesamiIntroduction : Species diversity is one of the most significant indicators of changes in ecosystems. Due to their nutritional diversity, abundance, and ubiquity, mites can be a good representative of arthropods in the soil. Whereas Mesostigmatic mites are the largest in MoreIntroduction : Species diversity is one of the most significant indicators of changes in ecosystems. Due to their nutritional diversity, abundance, and ubiquity, mites can be a good representative of arthropods in the soil. Whereas Mesostigmatic mites are the largest in terms of number and distribution in Parasitiformes and are able to live among different terrestrial habitats, they can be of great ecological importance. Therefore, the diversity of stigmatic mites from the Macrochelidae family was studied in 2016 in Shiraz.Material and Methods : A total number of eight species of two genera belonging to the Macrochelidae family was identified and collected from 12 plant hosts in the parks of Shiraz. The highest number of samples was collected in spring and autumn. The highest to lowest samples were collected in October and July, respectively. Among the plant hosts, Piracanta with 109 samples and pine with 33 samples had the highest to lowest hosts, respectively. Biodiversity was calculated with Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Margalf, Pete, Manhink indices using Past 4.02 and Spss23 softwareDiscussion : Macrocheles glaber (Muller, 1860) with 170 specimens (22%) and Glyptholaspis confusa (Foa) with 17 specimens (2.2%) had the highest and lowest frequencies, respectively.Result : The highest values of Simpson index 0.8553 and Shannon 1.985 are related to winter, and the lowest values are 0.8235 and 1.834, respectively, related to summer while the Manning coefficient is 0.7 and the Margalf coefficient 1.315 and they are the lowest values in summer. The highest coefficients of Simpson and Shannon which are 0.8617 and 2.021 respectively, can be seen in Azadi Park. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Species diversity of edaphic Mesostigmatid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) associated with oak forests in the Kamphirouz region of Fars province
Hadi Ostovan sh. hesami m. farzanehThe aim of this study was to evaluate the species diversity of mites among stigmata in 2018- 2019 in the Kamphirouz region of Fars province, Iran. For sampling, 2 regions were considered. Continuous soil sampling was performed every 2 weeks. A total of 881 specimens bel MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the species diversity of mites among stigmata in 2018- 2019 in the Kamphirouz region of Fars province, Iran. For sampling, 2 regions were considered. Continuous soil sampling was performed every 2 weeks. A total of 881 specimens belonging to 22 species from 10 genera and 6 families were collected. Biodiversity indices were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2016 software. The results showed that due to the location of 11 out of 22 species in the family Laelapidae, the species of this family with a total of 33.94%, had the highest presence in both north, south and in total. Also, Neoseiulus barkeri was the dominant species, with the total of 24.29% and also, the highest abundance among the both regions. The Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Margalf, Manhing and Pete species diversity indices were calculated in two regions, separately for each season. In general, all indices except the Pitt index in the northern region were much higher than the southern region. Family indices are not significantly different in the two regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Comparative effects of water application, detergent and some new acaricides on fig mite (Eotetranychus hirsti Pritchard & Baker)
J. Shakarami S. Khorshidvand M. Arbabi A. Rezaei nejadEotetranychus hirsti Pritchard & Baker is one of the most important pests in Pol-e-Dokhtar, Lorestan provice, Iran, the area where fig is extensively cultivated. In this research we aimed to study the control effects of the following treatments on the pest: one time MoreEotetranychus hirsti Pritchard & Baker is one of the most important pests in Pol-e-Dokhtar, Lorestan provice, Iran, the area where fig is extensively cultivated. In this research we aimed to study the control effects of the following treatments on the pest: one time application of water, two times application of water, one time application of detergent, two times application of detergent and application of envidore, oberon and Floramite. The experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. Correct mortality was measured and calculated on after 3, 7, 14 and 29 day from the time of application. Results showed significance differences among treatments in all times of measure. One time application of detergent showed 78.21%, 56.63%, 50.31% and 40.03% mortalities on 3, 7, 14 and 29 day from the time of application, respectively. The mortality of mite treated two times with detergent on day 29 was 92.54% which show not significantly different from those treated with acaricides. Moreover, one time application of water showed 47.32%, 25.33%, 23.37% and 19.77% mortalities of mite on 3, 7, 14 and 29 day from the time of application, respectively. The mortality of mites treated two times with water on 29 day was 62.21%. The population of the pest in trees treated with acaricides was about zero at all times of measure. The results of this research revealed that some more environment friendly methods, i.e. application of water or detergent, could decrease the population of fig mite. Therefore, considering their less effects on natural enemies of the pest, these methods could be recommended for integrated pest management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Comparison of two control methods of Ceratitis capitata Wiedeman (Diptera: Tephritidae) on pomegranate orchards
A. Khezri E. Soleyman-Nejadian Sh. Goldasteh H. Pezhman H. FarazmandThe Mediterranean fruit fly is a quarantine pest which was seen in Fars province, Iran in 2008. Pomegranate is one of the hosts of this pest in the late season, Two different methods, including trapping and bait spraying, were used in order to evaluate populalim suppres MoreThe Mediterranean fruit fly is a quarantine pest which was seen in Fars province, Iran in 2008. Pomegranate is one of the hosts of this pest in the late season, Two different methods, including trapping and bait spraying, were used in order to evaluate populalim suppression in shiraz in 2011 and 2012. Through trapping method, three attractants includeing Trimedlure, Biolure, Femilure, were investigated separately in a Tephri traps with three replications, in this way, the average number of infected fruits (with control) and also the number of trapped Mediterranean fruit flies (without control) were bait spraying method,Two types of hydrolyzed proteinin and smell bal were used the south side of the trees, In bouiting method, two types of hydrolyzed protein, Bioceboand Smelltol were sprayed mixed with 0.002 concewtratin of malathion on trunks and one meter width of south part of the tree crown Trimedlure and biolure had the same effect on number of infected fruits, but more effective than the control and Femilure. Howerer, the number offlies couptured was higher in Bcolure. In baiting method, no significant difference was observed among the treatments , howeres the place on the trees was significantly different .Number of infected fruits was less in one meter width spraying on the crown. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Effects of plant species on diversity of soil Gamasina mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) in Eram botanical garden
S. Javan H. Ostovan Sh. HesamiMites are one of the largest and most diverse subclasses of Arachnida with a worldwide distribution. The order includes 456 families and more than 56000 species. In this study mesostigmatic soil mite fauna was studied as indicators of biodiversity in soil beneath 20 dif MoreMites are one of the largest and most diverse subclasses of Arachnida with a worldwide distribution. The order includes 456 families and more than 56000 species. In this study mesostigmatic soil mite fauna was studied as indicators of biodiversity in soil beneath 20 different plants selected from Eram botanical garden located in Shiraz (Fars province in Iran). Regular sampling of the selected soil areas performed as a year (between 2014-2015). A total of 4874 mite specimens of 50 species belonging to 32 genus from 19 families were collected. Species diversity was calculated using Simpson index of diversity and Shannon-Wiener index. The highest and lowest species diversity observed in Redhorse chestnut and Lavender in this investigation two speciments Sessiluncus n.sp. and Zercon n.sp. were new for the science. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Effects of temperature on calling song parameters of White faced bush cricket, Decticus albifrons (Ensifera: Tettigoniidae)
Sh. Jafari M. H. Kazemi M. Shojaei H. Lotfalizadeh M. Mofidi-NeyestanakMost males of katydids stridulate in mating. Calling song has important role in reproductive successes. In the present work, the stridulatory organ of White faced bush cricket, Decticus albifrons (Fabricius, 1775) was described and an analysis for possible relationship MoreMost males of katydids stridulate in mating. Calling song has important role in reproductive successes. In the present work, the stridulatory organ of White faced bush cricket, Decticus albifrons (Fabricius, 1775) was described and an analysis for possible relationship of song parameters with temperature in range of 18-37°C was provided. The calling song is chirp and consists of short echemes. The file length was 3.74±0.32 mm and composed of 77-91 teeth that there is about 22.46 teeth per mm. The inter-echeme interval, echemes and syllables duration showed inverse relationship with temperature in 18-30°C, whereas the dominant frequency, rate of echemes and syllables increase within this range of temperature. The entire curves were reversed after 30­°C; consequently, this point was determined as the optimal temperature for calling song of D. albifrons. Among song parameters of White faced bush cricket, echemes rates, dominant frequency and inter-echeme interval have significant differences in different temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Species Diversity of Edaphic Mesostigmatid Mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) of Shiraz
m. farzaneh Hadi Ostovan SH. hesamiSpecies diversity is one of the most important indicators of changes in ecosystems. This subject always considered as a significant point in ecosystem. Mesotigmatid mites are the largest order among Parasitiformes mites. The main purpose of this survey was evaluating of MoreSpecies diversity is one of the most important indicators of changes in ecosystems. This subject always considered as a significant point in ecosystem. Mesotigmatid mites are the largest order among Parasitiformes mites. The main purpose of this survey was evaluating of species diversity of mites among Mesotigmata during the 2018 in Shiraz city. In each region, 2 habitats of urban green space (Landscape) trees and orchard trees were selected. Continuous soil sampling was performed every 2 weeks. A total of 1252 specimens belonging to 22 species from 11 families and 8 host plant were collected. Calculation of biodiversity indices based on species abundance and data analysis using Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, Pete, Manning and Margalf indices, using Microsoft Excel 2016 was calculated. Our finding shower that biological indicators are significantly different according to vegetation and sampling seasons. Based on LSD test to compare indices in different seasons of the year, spring with 0.913 Simpson indices, Shannon-Wiener 2.569, Pete 0.9482, and Margalf 2.815 had the highest values while in the index. Also according to this test, green space had the highest indices with 0.837 Simpson, 2.154 Shannon-Wiener, 1.362 Manning and 2.55. the highest diversity observed relative frequency with 54.04% belonged to the Laelapidae family. The highest frequency of specimens among fruit trees was related to pomegranate with 204 and among urban green space trees belonged to poplar with 333 specimens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - Biosynthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles by E. hirae isolated from traditional yogurt in Rafsanjan, Iran.
Ozra Hosseini-Naveha Ashraf Kariminik Shahla Soltani-Nezhad Enayatollah SheikhhosseiniThere is a lot of evidence about the beneficial biological effects of probiotics in food and dairy products. Antimicrobial properties, ability to produce biosurfactant and biosynthesis of nanoparticles are among the significant effects of these organisms. The aim of thi MoreThere is a lot of evidence about the beneficial biological effects of probiotics in food and dairy products. Antimicrobial properties, ability to produce biosurfactant and biosynthesis of nanoparticles are among the significant effects of these organisms. The aim of this research is the biosynthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles by Enterococcus hirai from traditional yogurt. MRS agar culture medium was used to isolate probiotics. Biosurfactant-producing isolates were examined in terms of hemolysis, crude Oil Spreading Assay, Drop Collapse Assay and emulsification index, the best isolate for the production of magnesium oxide nanoparticles, size, antioxidant activity, FTIR and antibacterial effects were evaluated and identified by PCR. 9 isolates had probiotic properties, isolate L11 was selected with higher biosurfactant production ability. The antibacterial property of the produced biosurfactant was shown against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This strain was also able to produce magnesium oxide nanoparticles. The formed nanoparticles with a size of 135 nm showed significant antibacterial and antioxidant effects. The best strain was introduced as Enterococcus hirai. According to the findings, it seems that this probiotic strain producing biosurfactant and magnesium oxide nanoparticles can be used in food and industrial industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Comparison of the Third- order moving average and least square methods for estimating of shape and depth residual magnetic anomalies
Mohammad Fouladi Mirsattar Meshinchi Asl Mahmoud Mehramuz Nima Nezafati -
Open Access Article
221 - Relations between Deep and Shallow Stratigraphic Units of Northern Iraq during Cretaceous
Kamal H Karim Rabea K Al-Hamadani Sirwan H. AhmadThe studied area includes Sulaimani, Erbil and Dohuk Governorates where Cretaceous rocks are well exposed in the High Folded Zone of North and Northeastern Iraq. This area is part of the northwestern boundary of Arabian platform near to Iranian border. In these governor MoreThe studied area includes Sulaimani, Erbil and Dohuk Governorates where Cretaceous rocks are well exposed in the High Folded Zone of North and Northeastern Iraq. This area is part of the northwestern boundary of Arabian platform near to Iranian border. In these governorates, the study tries to clarify the relations between deep and shallow stratigraphic units (formation or facies) during Cretaceous. The result of the present study is mainly depended on the field lateral tracing of the lithologic changes and paleontological evidences for indicating the new age termination of the units. The result showed as a generalized and simple model of temporal and special relations between Cretaceous deep and shallow water formations. The Balambo (Kazhdumi in Iran), Kometan (Ilam), Shiranish-Tanjero (Gurpi) Formations (as deep facies) are indicated as lateral equivalent of shallow facies of Qamchuqa (Sarvak and Dariyian), Bekhme (has not equivalent in Iran yet) and Aqra Formation (Seymare or Tarbur) respectively. On the model, the transition zone is indicated where the deep facies, from the east, change to shallow ones at the west. The shallow facies consist of coarse grain limestone with fossils skeletons, bioclasts and intraclasts. The deep facieses are fine grain pelagic limestone with microfossils (panktonic forams and nanofossils) whiles the transitional facies (zones) generally consist mixture of the two as interfigering relation between the deep and shallow facies. As the changes of the lithology of transitional zones are relatively sudden, therefore, they are not designated as formation and not defined previously. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Presenting the Native Model of Professionalism in Iran's Administrative System (Case study: Shiraz University of Medical Sciences)
Shima Shima -
Open Access Article
223 - A Comparative Study of the Level of Residential Satisfaction of Residential Complexes with Post Occupancy Evaluation Dimensions (A Case study: Shiraz)
Farzaneh Hosseini Houtan Iravani Mohammad parva -
Open Access Article
224 - Adaptation of Lacan Psychoanalytic Approach on Unconscious Features of Ruling Women in Nezami Ganjaei Tales
منوچهر Tashakori S. S. SalehiThe psychoanalytical writings of Jacques Lacan offer a new possibility to critics for theorizing the social and political unconscious of literary texts. By rewriting Freud's Oedipus process through linguistic terms, Lacan recognizes three orders in the psychic growth of MoreThe psychoanalytical writings of Jacques Lacan offer a new possibility to critics for theorizing the social and political unconscious of literary texts. By rewriting Freud's Oedipus process through linguistic terms, Lacan recognizes three orders in the psychic growth of the subject. The first order is the” real”, which does not need language because of its wholeness, unity, and its unavailability. The “imaginary” order is the second order with its illusion of wholeness and unity. The third order, after construction of law and civilization by the father, forces the child to enter the pre-established “symbolic” order, which is the territory of signified. Nezami Ganjaei, the poet, in his imagination world, would think about adventures which can be considered in breaking down the case psychological growth procedure. In this article we have tried to review tow stories from Nezami as an example of Nezami's reflection by using Lacani's topics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - -Is the Voice of Shirin, the Same Belief and Thought of Nezami?
Farzaneh Yousef GhanbariBy studying the Manzumeh Khosrow and Shirin from the view point of analytical psychology, we can understand that this Manzumeh is bivocal. It means that booming and suppressor voice of Nezami has been laid opposite to the voice of the female heroine and how surprising i MoreBy studying the Manzumeh Khosrow and Shirin from the view point of analytical psychology, we can understand that this Manzumeh is bivocal. It means that booming and suppressor voice of Nezami has been laid opposite to the voice of the female heroine and how surprising it is that this silent voice of Shirin defeats booming voice of Nezami. In fact the action as well as dignified and modest behavior of Shirin which is made by narrator, is the loudest voice through this Manzumeh, which continues till the moment of her quiet death.When we analyze the voice of Shirn which is arisen from unconscious of the poet, one realizes from a psychological view point, that the individual through inner self of the poet in paying attention to the personality of Shirin, has had a role more than theme of the story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Analysis of Woman Character Based on Psychoanalytic Point of View(Khousrow and Shirin Rhymed Writing)
Farzaneh Yousef-ghanbariApparently there was no any relationship between Jung, Shirin and Nezami. By analyzing the Khousrow and Shirin rhymed writing specially Shirin character from psychoanalytic point of view may came to conclusion that according to the Shinowdabolen analysis who was o MoreApparently there was no any relationship between Jung, Shirin and Nezami. By analyzing the Khousrow and Shirin rhymed writing specially Shirin character from psychoanalytic point of view may came to conclusion that according to the Shinowdabolen analysis who was one of Jung students and follower that Shirin character may match with Artimes ( Moon and hunting goddess). To demonstrate such a comparing the poetic evidences were used as implementations. And ultimately was concluded that Shirin matched Artimes the moon and hunting goddess of Greek mythos from various aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - بررسی تغییرات کیفی و کمی منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت شیراز
سعید کریمی کاکا شاهدی محمود حبیب زاده محمد رضا اشراقیشناخت آب از نظر کمیت، کیفیت و چگونگی حصول آن قدمی اساسی برای بهینهسازی مصرف است. با توجه به هیدروگراف واحد دشت شیراز در دوره آماری 90 - 1372 سطح آب زیرزمینی دارای سیر نزولی بوده که به طور کلی سطح آب زیرزمینی 98 / 5 متر افت داشته است. همزمان با افت کمی آبخوان، کیفیت آبخو Moreشناخت آب از نظر کمیت، کیفیت و چگونگی حصول آن قدمی اساسی برای بهینهسازی مصرف است. با توجه به هیدروگراف واحد دشت شیراز در دوره آماری 90 - 1372 سطح آب زیرزمینی دارای سیر نزولی بوده که به طور کلی سطح آب زیرزمینی 98 / 5 متر افت داشته است. همزمان با افت کمی آبخوان، کیفیت آبخوان نیز در دوره مورد مطالعه کاهش یافته است. این نتیجه در بررسی کیفیت آب زیرزمینی با استفاده از آزمون من کندال تأیید میشود. بر اساس طبقهبندی آب آبیاری طبق روش ویلکوکس در حال - حاضر آبخوان دشت در دو کلاس C3S1 و C4S1 قرار میگیرد که دارای آب شور و خیلی شور است. بر اساس طبقهبندی شولر نیز در حال حاضر دشت دارای آب در کلاس قابل قبول و نامناسب میباشد. همچنین، نتایج بررسی همبستگی نشان داد که سطح آب زیرزمینی با بهرهبرداری و عوامل کیفیت آب، دارای همبستگی معنیدار منفی در سطح احتمال 99 درصد است و با بارش همبستگیمعنیداری ندارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - ارزیابی مدل شیرازی در برآورد فرسایش پذیری خاک های لسی
نادر جندقی مجتبی قره محمود لو حجت قربانی واقعیبرای انجام این تحقیق، پس از بررسی اولیه اجزای واحد اراضی در محدوده مورد مطالعه (شامل تراس رودخانه ­ای، فلات لسی و تپه) به عنوان واحد کاری انتخاب شدند. برای این منظور 48 نمونه سطحی (عمق 0 تا 10 سانتی­متر) جمع ­آوری شد. برخی خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک شامل بافت Moreبرای انجام این تحقیق، پس از بررسی اولیه اجزای واحد اراضی در محدوده مورد مطالعه (شامل تراس رودخانه ­ای، فلات لسی و تپه) به عنوان واحد کاری انتخاب شدند. برای این منظور 48 نمونه سطحی (عمق 0 تا 10 سانتی­متر) جمع ­آوری شد. برخی خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی خاک شامل بافت خاک در آزمایشگاه اندازه­ گیری شد. سپس مقادیر فرسایش ­پذیری خاک به روش شیرازی برآورد شد. در این تحقیق، فرسایش ­پذیری واقعی خاک با استفاده از شبیه­ ساز باران در مزرعه (در کرت­ های 1 متر مربعی) اندازه­ گیری شد. سپس با استفاده از نرم­ افزار GIS و از روش درونیابی (IDW) تغییرات مکانی فرسایش ­پذیری خاک در منطقه مورد مطالعه ترسیم شد. نتایج نشان داد در هر 3 تیپ خاک این حوزه، استفاده از مدل شیرازی نسبت به داده ­های واقعی بیشبرآوردی داشته است. مقدار این بیش­برآوردی در تیپ تراس آبرفتی، فلات لسی و تپه به ترتیب 56/8، 66/14، 6/10 برابر مقادیر اندازه­ گیری بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Using Lucas Experimental Method to Investigate the Relationship between Exchange Rate Overshooting and Business Cycles in Iran
Rahim Ghasemie Amirabas Saminia Mohamad Hasan Hemati Abolfazl Kaviri BidgoliAmong the current production management issues, the ability to handle the unexpected changes, survive the unexpected threats in the business market and suitable use of environmental fluctuation as an opportunity are the most challenges of the production organizations. T MoreAmong the current production management issues, the ability to handle the unexpected changes, survive the unexpected threats in the business market and suitable use of environmental fluctuation as an opportunity are the most challenges of the production organizations. This ability is agility. The first step to achieve the agility is to measure the current agility level of organization. As each organization has its own structure, culture, strategies, and goals, the agility differs from one organization to others. Furthermore, the required agility level differs from one organization to another regarding the competitive environment in which they compete. In this paper, a model presented in order to measure the agility level in Shiraz municipality waste management organization. Based on this goal, first through the comprehensive literature review, different agility model studied and relevant dimensions and components of agility measurement model extracted using the meta-synthesis method. The main criteria and the principal components of these models include Agility drivers, agility enablers, key capabilities, agility strategies, required agility level, agility goals, and results. Then all levels of the model (three levels) have been Finalized using Focus Group method and the agility measurement tools designed according to the third level of a model (Guide tips). Finally, the agility level of Shiraz municipal waste management organization measured and results show a moderate level of agility in this organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - A survey and an analysis of the narrative process of the story of Leyli and Majnoun in the 10th century
Bahareh Zarif Emarat SazThe story of Leyli and Majnoun had paid attention in all periods of Persian poetry and many works has emerged in the name and description of Leili and Majnoun`s love. The most prominent Persian Leyli and Majnoun is Nizami`s work and plenty of poets have imitated him in MoreThe story of Leyli and Majnoun had paid attention in all periods of Persian poetry and many works has emerged in the name and description of Leili and Majnoun`s love. The most prominent Persian Leyli and Majnoun is Nizami`s work and plenty of poets have imitated him in the field of word and content, that the works of poets like jami, Maktabi and Hatefi are more prominent. Most of researchers have attributed this imitation to Nizami in all periods of composing Leily and Majnoun. This topic has been criticized in this essay, in descriptive, analytical and comparative method. For this purpose, the story of Leyli and Majnoun by Helali Goghatai, Ghasemi gonabadi and Abdi Beig Navidi Shirazi which have composed in the 10th century, have compared with the works of Nizami, Maktabi and Hatefi. The result of this study shows that the composers of epopees which have composed in the 10th century, have been affected by Maktabi and Hatefi more than Nizami in planning of their stories and also had innovations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Native elements of Isfahan's story writing in the works of Bahram Sadeghi and Houshang Golshiri
Nayereh shateri Mahboubeh Khorasani morteza rashidiNative elements of Isfahan's story writing in the works of Bahram Sadeghi and Houshang Golshiri abstract: Writers from the city of Isfahan have common features in their works. These common features are not limited to the climatic context, but include a set of identity MoreNative elements of Isfahan's story writing in the works of Bahram Sadeghi and Houshang Golshiri abstract: Writers from the city of Isfahan have common features in their works. These common features are not limited to the climatic context, but include a set of identity elements that represent commonalities in terms of language, thought, geography, economics, ethics, customs, and beliefs. This article has explored the structure of fictional works by two prominent representatives of the Isfahan school of thought, Bahram Sadeqi and Houshang Golshiri, and derived their unifying and linguistic common features. The result is that these structures are in some cases such as humorous and spurred imagery, different technique and form in the word, specific characterizations, horrific and indeterminate spaces, initiations and sudden events, spin on the angle of view and reversal in narration, conversations and low descriptions, attention The mythology and ancient history and texts, rare subjects and modern names, and simple prose and poetry, are analyzed. Keywords: Native Elements, Isfahan School, Bahram Sadeghi, Houshang Golshiri, Fiction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Foundations of Cognitive Linguistics in the Views of Abdul Qahir Jorjani
ali reza sha&amp;#039;banluCognitive linguistics considers grammatical constructions based on mental construction and focuses on meaning and believes: meaning is not independent of human cognition and perception and language coding includes factors such as selection, perspective, focus, framing, MoreCognitive linguistics considers grammatical constructions based on mental construction and focuses on meaning and believes: meaning is not independent of human cognition and perception and language coding includes factors such as selection, perspective, focus, framing, categorization methods. , And is part of this, and the linguistic structure is a direct reflection of cognition, that is, a particular linguistic expression depends on a particular way of conceptualizing a particular situation; This view is very similar to Abdul Qahir's theory of order, which says: The meaning of speech is achieved when it is poured into regular words according to the special order and composition that have regular and orderly meanings in the human soul and heart. Attention to the cognitive role of language, the importance of meaning, following syntactic structures from the structure of mental meaning, and the factors that cognitive linguists consider effective in encoding language are evident in Abdul Qahir. Considering the importance of the cognitive perspective in contemporary linguistics and due to the comprehensiveness and accuracy of Abdul Qahir's linguistic views, which has become extremely important in scientific circles, in this article we compared and analyzed the views of cognitive linguists with Abdul Qahir's linguistic views and concluded that both Language is considered as one of the cognitive powers that has empirical, psychological and social role. And grammar follows meaning and concept, and the meaning of language is influenced by the point of view, position and individual knowledge and its objective application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Introducing the manuscript of Hazin Shirvani's Hedayat nameh and examining its stylistic features
ayat shokatiAbdur Rahim Shirvani was one of the speakers of the Qajar period. The copy of Diwan includes three works by him (Diwan, Safa-al-Qulob and Hedayat-nameh), which were written in the 12th century, in the handwriting of his son, Mirza Asadullah, during his lifetime, and are MoreAbdur Rahim Shirvani was one of the speakers of the Qajar period. The copy of Diwan includes three works by him (Diwan, Safa-al-Qulob and Hedayat-nameh), which were written in the 12th century, in the handwriting of his son, Mirza Asadullah, during his lifetime, and are kept as a unique copy in the National Library of Tabriz. It can be The present article, with the aim of introducing and examining the stylistic features of Hedayat-nameh, with a documentary-descriptive and statistical method and based on library studies, aims to answer the question, what are the most obvious stylistic features of Hedayat-nameh? The author aims to introduce it and examine its features of calligraphy and style in three linguistic, intellectual and literary levels. The present work is a fictional work, the most important story of which is the story of Prophet Ibrahim and the slaughter of his son, Ismail, which was written under the title Zabih Namah. The findings of the research are based on the fact that the guidance letter was a draft copy that was written in two weights from the sub-collection of Bahr Hazaj. Only 10% of its verses are pure. Some defects of rhyme can be seen in it. Due to the inclusion of religious and mystical content, it can be useful for literary, religious, historical and mystical researches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Ethical themes in the newly discovered Masnavi Zahir Kermani
pari malmoly Ahmadreza yalameha parisa davariAbstractThe works of the past are a valuable legacy to contemporaries and future generations. Cultural and literary works, with their epistemic foundations, are the spiritual food of thought and art, and the reason is that they are a bridge between the past and the pres MoreAbstractThe works of the past are a valuable legacy to contemporaries and future generations. Cultural and literary works, with their epistemic foundations, are the spiritual food of thought and art, and the reason is that they are a bridge between the past and the present and increase our knowledge and knowledge. The Safavid age was not without its benefit Zahir Kermani (1162 AH), whose name is not mentioned, is one of the Shiite followers of the Iranian religion. His iconic Mathnawi, which is 8743 bits in Ramallah, is one of the 12th-century unknown works, the only copy of which is in the Nastaliq line, containing 265 pages, number 9530, in the Library of Tehran.s. This edition includes poetic allegorical stories expressing mystical, moral, religious, romantic, and so on. He has been proficient in a variety of literal and spiritual industries, and with his educational poems has paved the way for ethics for a real and real life. His verses come from the verses, hadiths and lives of the Imams and the elders. It is, therefore, necessary to study carefully and deliberately in the face of today's glorious life the precious word of the exalted, so that it may be a glimpse of the life and experiences of the past over the moral, social and cultural pains which the souls of every free man It annoys.... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Studying the life of Shah Dai Shirazi and introducing her six Masnavisabstract
shahnaz solimani امیدوار مالملی seyedali sohrabnejadAbstractNizam al-Din Mahmud, nicknamed Da'i Ali Allah, nicknamed Da'i (810-870 AH) was one of the poets and mystics of the 9th century of Hijri, whose lineage reached Husayn bin Ali bin Abi Talib through nineteen intermediaries. He was both a scholar and mystic. The wor MoreAbstractNizam al-Din Mahmud, nicknamed Da'i Ali Allah, nicknamed Da'i (810-870 AH) was one of the poets and mystics of the 9th century of Hijri, whose lineage reached Husayn bin Ali bin Abi Talib through nineteen intermediaries. He was both a scholar and mystic. The works that remain in memory of him show two aspects of him. In examining his works, the influence of Maulana Jalaluddin Muhammad Balkhi and Ibn Arabi is clearly evident. In addition, he wrote a book titled Nasayem Golshan, which is a detailed description of Golshan, the secret of Sheikh Mahmoud Shabastri. In addition to relatively many works that have come down to us from him, Divan has a collection of poetry that amounts to thirteen thousand verses. This diwan was printed and published by Seyyed Mohammad Dabir Siyaghi in 1339 and 1349 A.H. in two volumes. The first volume of this work is a collection of six poems in the form of Masnavi, which includes his most important thoughts. In this article, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical way and we have used library sources, we intend to introduce Shah Dai Shirazi's life along with his life. The results obtained from this article show that Shah Da'i is one of the poets and mystics who were influenced by Ibn Arabi, and his poetry, which is sometimes written in symbolic language, has significant innovations that preceded him. It was not common in Masnavi Sarai.Keywords: Shah Daei Shirazi, Sete Daei, Shah Nematullah Wali Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Introducing the manuscript of Safa 'al-Qulub and examining its stylistic features
ayat shokatiSafa al-Qulub is a valuable work of which there is only one manuscript in the National Library of Tabriz and it has not been corrected yet. This book was written by Abdul Rahim Hazin Shirvani in the Qajar period in 19 speeches and 11 anecdotes and a short conclusion in MoreSafa al-Qulub is a valuable work of which there is only one manuscript in the National Library of Tabriz and it has not been corrected yet. This book was written by Abdul Rahim Hazin Shirvani in the Qajar period in 19 speeches and 11 anecdotes and a short conclusion in the prayer for the good of the scribe, following the bread and halva of Sheikh Baha'i and in its weight and format. The present article is documented-descriptive and based on library studies, and seeks to answer the question, what are the most obvious features of the purity of the heart? For this purpose, the most important features of Safa al-Qulub at three levels of thought, language and literature, along with the introduction of the version and its calligraphy feature, have been examined and the hints and guarantees used have been extracted and confiscated. The research findings indicate that this work has the characteristics of the old style in a sense and the traces of modern words and expressions and new uses are evident in the lab of this version. The stylistic and calligraphic features of the version can also be seen in the other two versions. Only 7% of the verses are different. Following bread and halva is also evident in various places in the version. Apart from Sheikh Baha'i, the author of this work has also commented on the poems of Rumi, Attar and Saeb. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - The analysis non- verbal communication in khosro&shirin poem
afsane oladi hosayn parsaeiIyric titerature is a world full of secrets. Containing rich and anciant culture, khosrou&shirin poem is the sea of secrects of non-affected by the non-verbal elements more than verbal ones.As research has shown, more than 70% of human messages Transmit through non- MoreIyric titerature is a world full of secrets. Containing rich and anciant culture, khosrou&shirin poem is the sea of secrects of non-affected by the non-verbal elements more than verbal ones.As research has shown, more than 70% of human messages Transmit through non-verbal communication and audience get only 30% of The messages through word and speech.Nezami amazingly communicates to audience by creating different concepts and contexts throught coherence and body language Researching in interdisiplinary and communication sciences, The auther investigates The non- verbal communications in khosrou& shirin poem in this article, and attempts to Show the messages that the poet wanted to convey to the readers via non-verbal communication.Nezami has created a dramatic and romantic atmosphere by using the non-verbal functions of sign language, action language and the language of objects.This paper analyzes these functions.The result of the studies shows that body movements and eye contacts play a greal and important role in Conveying messages and synesis in The Field of Communication.Key words: non-verbal communication, lyricliterature, Body language, Language functions, khosrou&shirin poem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - A comparative study of climatic features in the stories of Sadegh Chubak and Shirzad Hassan
Salma Saedi Masoud Motamedi Shahrooz JamaliComparative literature is a branch of literary criticism that examines the content and structure between works, elements, literary genres, styles, periods, and literary characters in a language or different languages. In this regard, comparative literature in each perio MoreComparative literature is a branch of literary criticism that examines the content and structure between works, elements, literary genres, styles, periods, and literary characters in a language or different languages. In this regard, comparative literature in each period, in addition to structural approaches, is a mirror that reflects various social, cultural and political manifestations. Meanwhile, Persian literature and Kurdish literature in the field of comparative literature have always witnessed similarities. In the field of fiction, in Iran and Iraqi Kurdistan, writers such as Sadegh Chubak and Shirzad Hassan are both prominent writers and novelists with a style and influence in contemporary literature and have left lasting works in this field. Considering that Sadegh Chubak and Shirzad Hassan have addressed the issues and problems of their homeland and climate with similar views, the two works "Sang Sabur" and "Tangsir" by Sadegh Chubak, with two works "Woman on the Minaret" and " "Nature darre" by Shirzad Hassan, which are the most famous works of each of the two authors, have been selected for review and comparison. In the present study, based on the descriptive-analytical method, the characteristics of climatic literature such as geographical, cultural and social issues in the four novels are examined. The results indicate that the characteristics of culture and geography have a higher frequency in selected works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - The tricks of the book Tabashir al-Hikma Raz Shirazi in making the habits of the life of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) believable
zahra naseiri Saeed Qashqaei Ahmad TahanLanguage has a paradoxical function as an important factor in the narration of mystical-historical habits. On the other hand, by broadening the imagination, it promotes the literature of historical texts and separates the reader from the world of reality. On the other h MoreLanguage has a paradoxical function as an important factor in the narration of mystical-historical habits. On the other hand, by broadening the imagination, it promotes the literature of historical texts and separates the reader from the world of reality. On the other hand, with a linguistic approach to creating logic and the relationship between linguistic cause and effect, it returns the audience to the context of reality in order to accept, at the astonishing peak, mystical and historical habits. This article, by combining structuralist linguistics and pattern-oriented linguistics and using a descriptive-analytical method, examines the linguistic and metalanguage elements in the story of "The Birth of Mustafa (PBUH)" from the book Tabashir al-Hikma Raz Shirazi; The results of the research show that the author has made the most of the paradoxical function of language in creating credibility in order to make the life habits of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) believable. In this way, accurate characterization of historical people, narration of trusted people, accurate description of the places and time of life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), dialogue element, variety of verbs and short sentences, use of letters for purposes Secondary has also made full use of. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - The reflection of social issues in the poems of Shirkoo Bikas
payman tabari Sayyed Ahmad Parsa Mohammad Ali GozashtiShirkoo Bikas (1940-2013) is a pioneer Contemporary Kurdish poet and the winner of Swidish literal award of “Tokholoski” in 1987-1988. he also won the title of “Fello- citizen” from the greatest civil society of Florance. the topic of the s MoreShirkoo Bikas (1940-2013) is a pioneer Contemporary Kurdish poet and the winner of Swidish literal award of “Tokholoski” in 1987-1988. he also won the title of “Fello- citizen” from the greatest civil society of Florance. the topic of the study is” the reflection of social issues in the poems of Shirkoo Bikas” the purposes of the study are the introduction of this competent poet to the non-kurdish- speaking people, the better knowledge to the literal techniques in the expression of one of the pivotal issues of his poem(freedom), and a better knowing of the poems of a contemporary poet. Statistic population is descriptive and based on his poems translated to pers ian. the data have been gathered by the libray method and analyzed by the technique of content analysis. the results show that the depiction of the fearful atmosphere of Iraqi society during the Ba,th government, the expression of the pain and fortures of the society and the issues like this have given a new manifestation to the freedom in his poems, which the images created by the poet with this concept is a justification of this issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Magical Realism in Kurdish Chirok
Mousa Parnian Ata Almasi Mohammad Zahed Seyedy tabarKurdish Stories and Fictions are the reflections of a life of hardships and The ideals of people who have suffered a lot to survive their lives. The style of Kurdish Chirok (Fiction) is much like The narrative style found in magical realism since The imagination existi MoreKurdish Stories and Fictions are the reflections of a life of hardships and The ideals of people who have suffered a lot to survive their lives. The style of Kurdish Chirok (Fiction) is much like The narrative style found in magical realism since The imagination existing in The Fiction which is The common Feature between fiction and magical realism results in the break of causation chain in The narration of The Stories. This feature gives two common styles features such as removing The border between reality and imagination which in turn results in strange events, recognition of social and historical realities in fictions and magical realism. In that condition what is called"magic" in magic realism is located in the unlimited scope of reality representing a concrete concept. So, fiction could be a good place for strange event that have been linked to extra- reality this feature relaty fiction to new style of magical realism. The purpose of This study is to investigate the similarties and differences between Kurdish chiroks(fictions) and the new style of magical realism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Comparative Study of Significance of Barbad’s musical modes or alhan in Nizami’s Khosrow and Shirin and Manuchehri’s Texts
Mansoure SabetzadehStudying music in literary texts and its mutual inspirations is one of the branches of comparative studies. This paper investigates music and its system in Nizami’sKhosrow and Shirin. Khosrow and Shirin is one of the most prominent musical heritages and Barbad&rsq MoreStudying music in literary texts and its mutual inspirations is one of the branches of comparative studies. This paper investigates music and its system in Nizami’sKhosrow and Shirin. Khosrow and Shirin is one of the most prominent musical heritages and Barbad’s musical derivative modes called Alhan in which the names of songs and sounds, instruments and music have been cited in terms of lyrical themes. Thus, it is used as a sovereign exposition of music. One of the most significant elements of Khosrow and Shirinis revealing some parts of musical system of Sassanid era including Barbad’s thirty derivative modes named lahn. Theses modes had been appraised by Manuchehriformerly. This paper is a comparative study of Barbad’s modes or alhan cited in various accounts in different texts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Comparative Study of Transnational Identity of Migrated Asian Women in JhumpaLahiri and MehrnooshMazarie'sFictions through Looking Lenz of HomiBhabha
Omid Varzande Seyed Reza EbrahimiNational identity plays such the most crucial role in forming plot and themes in an author's mind that characters in his story sometimes find the same identity. Migration in modern time is one of the ways which distant people from their national identity and culture an MoreNational identity plays such the most crucial role in forming plot and themes in an author's mind that characters in his story sometimes find the same identity. Migration in modern time is one of the ways which distant people from their national identity and culture and leaves them disserted in "liminal" space. Living in liminal space encounters migrated people with the most terrible challenge of their lives which coping with cultural shock. Asian people and specially women are facing with more serious challenge in this way, so some female authors, like JhumpaLahiri and MehrnooshMazarie, have tried to show the way women encounter with this challenge. This paper investigating challenging national identity of migrated oriental woman is postcolonial comparative study of abovementioned female authors' fictions. Migrated Asian women living at liminal space at west have to cope with accepting a new identity called transnational identity which is modern man's activity to forget his/her national identity and cultural roots and cope with new space's foreign culture. This paper aims at investigating characters and personal traits at both authors' works to study the way transnational identity forms in Iranian and Indian women living at west. The paper aims at studying the way migrated Asian women get influence by receiving transnational identity. Also, using HomiBhabha postcolonial theories to study authors' fictions can show the true image of migrated Asian women at west. Since the Asian women with transnational identity are new women with new abilities and this image which need to be studied and presented, the paper aims at studying the new image of migrated Asian women by means they try to keep on their national culture and identity and live in borders of cultural spaces of multicultural society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Measurement and evaluation of livability indicators in urban areas (Case study: Qasrdasht neighborhood of Shiraz)
mohammadreza shahriyari Parisa MoshksarIn the last few decades, the phenomenon of degradation of environmental quality has cast a shadow on the structure of old Iranian cities and has threatened its long-term sustainability... The aim of the current research is to measure livability and its influencing facto MoreIn the last few decades, the phenomenon of degradation of environmental quality has cast a shadow on the structure of old Iranian cities and has threatened its long-term sustainability... The aim of the current research is to measure livability and its influencing factors on the residents of Qasrdasht neighborhood in Shiraz. Therefore, the research is based on the descriptive-analytical method in terms of its practical purpose and method. In order to collect the required data, documentary and field methods and questionnaires have been used. The statistical population is the households living in Qasrdasht neighborhood of Shiraz city, based on Cochran's formula, 378 questionnaires were calculated as the sample size. 18 items in the form of 5 main components have been used to measure livability indicators. Also, data analysis was done using statistical methods of T-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis method in SPSS software. The obtained results show that livability in Qasrdasht neighborhood is above the average level and according to the Pearson correlation coefficient among the dependent variables studied, i.e. economic, social, physical, environmental and infrastructure components and services, correlation and direct relationship There is statistical significance. Also, the results show that the social index with a beta value of 0.289 had the greatest impact on the livability of the residents in the neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Evaluation of the effects of the sidewalks on the surrounding elements,Case study: Ostad Shajarian health walk in shiraz
Sara RanjbarIn recent years, following the unprecedented expansion of cities and the increasing importance and role of cars in the city, the role of pedestrians in urban spaces has gradually faded. Pedestrian paths are the manifestation of civil life and the place of social encount MoreIn recent years, following the unprecedented expansion of cities and the increasing importance and role of cars in the city, the role of pedestrians in urban spaces has gradually faded. Pedestrian paths are the manifestation of civil life and the place of social encounters and the formation of social interactions. Today, pedestrian road construction projects are proposed in many cities as a solution to prioritize people. Many of these plans are carried out regardless of their possible consequences, and after the implementation of the plans, their negative and positive effects are revealed. In other words, the plans are implemented without study.In this research, we seek to investigate the physical, social and economic effects of the implementation of the health pedestrian plan of Ostad Shajarian, Shiraz. The current research is applied in terms of developmental goal and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the research is all the people who are present in the footpath and its area of influence. To analyze the qualitative components, a questionnaire was used and its results were analyzed using SPSS software. ROR method was also used to analyze quantitative components. The results show that Ostad Shajarian's Health Walk has been useful for the citizens of Shirazi, considering its current function and structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Urban policy to optimize energy consumption with regard to natural ventilation (Case study: optimal orientation of residential buildings based on the angles included in the detailed plan of Shiraz city)
Tahereh Nasr Arash BostanianIn recent decades, urban policy-making has been raised as a significant and scientific topic in major cities of the world, and it has received several attentions from urban studies. One of the topics that is not paid attention to in climate approaches, especially in sus MoreIn recent decades, urban policy-making has been raised as a significant and scientific topic in major cities of the world, and it has received several attentions from urban studies. One of the topics that is not paid attention to in climate approaches, especially in sustainable architecture, is the consideration of solar energy in buildings, but a lot of attention to solar energy has unfortunately caused that to some extent other renewable energies such as Wind energy and its significant impact on natural ventilation are passively neglected. Paying attention to this case can be taken into consideration by the officials in order to pay attention to the optimization of energy consumption in urban policy making. One of the effective solutions in this field is the use of natural ventilation in residential buildings, determining a suitable direction for creating blinds and receiving wind with positive pressure and benefiting from this influential climatic element in the interior spaces of the building. In this research, an attempt was made to investigate and simulate natural ventilation conditions in residential buildings in Shiraz using Vasari energy simulation software, and parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, wind temperature, and other influencing factors were investigated. and be analyzed. According to the results of the simulation and examination of the twenty-year average of the climatic indicators of Shiraz city, it can be said that if the issues related to natural ventilation and the creation of blinds in the building are considered and the optimal orientation angle can be obtained from solar energy and Also, use wind energy to reduce the load on the building's mechanical facilities throughout the year. that the optimization of energy consumption has been done and in the scale of residential buildings in the metropolis of Shiraz, it can lead to the reduction of fossil fuel consumption to a significant extent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - An Examination of Sayyied Ahmad Khomeini's Views and Ranjnameh based on critical discourse Analysis
mansour Anbarmoo Fatemeh tabatabaieSeyyed Ahmad Mostafavi Khomeini (1946-1995) is the son of Imam Khomeini, as one of the important political activists before and after the Islamic Revolution. Although he is well known as one of the first-hand sources of contemporary political historiography due his pres MoreSeyyed Ahmad Mostafavi Khomeini (1946-1995) is the son of Imam Khomeini, as one of the important political activists before and after the Islamic Revolution. Although he is well known as one of the first-hand sources of contemporary political historiography due his presence and activity during the struggle and exile and Imam's leadership, in research,, his opinions and political life are rarely mentioned. Administration Imam's Beit (house) during the exile, struggles, and establishment of the Islamic revolution, developments related to the imposed war, issues related to the dismissal of the deputy leadership and the writing of the Ranjnameh are among the turning points of his life. The issue of this research is why Ahmad Khomeini wrote the Ranjnameh. In the present study, an attempt is made to explain the text of Ranjnameh as one of the most important political letters in the history of contemporary Iran, using the approach of analyzing the critical discourse of Norman Fairclough and the role of Ahmad in the developments of the first decade of the Islamic Revolution. Using this approach, the base is processed and checked in the index. The findings of the research show Ahmad Khomeini, considering the political and social situation of Iran in the 1980s and variables such as Imam Khomeini's illness and the changes in power relations in the 1960s, tried to create a new political and religious meaning in the field by compiling the manifesto. In line with political identification, the reproduction of the ideological beliefs of the Islamic Revolution, the consolidation and organization of the public consent for the selection of the new successor of the leadership and the persuasion of the public opinion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Evaluation of changes the Arsenic element concentration in groundwater in Shiraz and Gharebagh
Mahdi Hoshyar A.V Agasi یوسف KHalaj amir hoseiniThe study region is Shiraz and Gharehbagh plains in Fars province. Most significant water requirments,especially drinking water in these regions supply are supplied with groundwater resource. In order toestimating of Arsenic contamination between water resource of the r MoreThe study region is Shiraz and Gharehbagh plains in Fars province. Most significant water requirments,especially drinking water in these regions supply are supplied with groundwater resource. In order toestimating of Arsenic contamination between water resource of the region has been done sampling from25 resource during 4 periods in a year. These sample were analyzed with ICP method. After laboratoryinvestigating and the comparison of outcomes to WHO standard detected highly contamination withArsenic in groundwater. With using of contamination zonation maps of Arsenic concentration in theseregions distribution of this element could be observed easily. The distribution of the abovementionedelement has not equal in different periods of sampling but significant point is increasing of itsconcentration at 2-3 month after sufficient rainfall. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - The analysis of morphotectonical anticlines in the Ghir-Karzin area (East south of Shiraz)
اسما Talebi M.A Ganjavian علی Mafakherian ضیاءالدین Hashemi مهدی RamezaniGhir-Karzin city is in the southeastern Fars province. In this research by using satellite images, length ongestionmap, cross section, and number of lineation and map of the earthquakes focus in the region were prepared andthen by obtaining indices of mountain’s F MoreGhir-Karzin city is in the southeastern Fars province. In this research by using satellite images, length ongestionmap, cross section, and number of lineation and map of the earthquakes focus in the region were prepared andthen by obtaining indices of mountain’s Facet outcrop amount (in percentage), mountain’s facet meander (Smf),and length-stream index (SL) on the three anticlines Changal, Palang and Afzar, of tectonic activities rates ofthese anticlines have been investigated. The results obtained from these indices, in addition to being presented inthe tables, for much better representation and analysis, have been shown as a numerical model and a profile aswell. . Combination of the obtained data from the map of fractures, indices’ numerical model, map of epicenters,and drainage profiles indicates that the region’s anticlines are active, i.e. uplifting rate in the region is higher thanerosion rate. Finally, after study of the obtained results, the reason for high rate of tectonic activity in the easternsection of Changal anticline was found to be this anticline’s vergency towards south-west and increase of thefissure and fractures as a result of extensity in the northern top chord and pressure production in the southern topchord. In the western section of this anticline too, the high tectonic activity can be attributed to presence of theDarre siah Fault. High tectonic activity of Afzar anticline is due to presence of the active fault Ghir in north-eastof this anticline and the anomaly map of the fractures and epicenters confirm these results as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - Standardization of the Third Edition of the Wadkock-Johnson Student Volunteering Scales in Elementary School Students in Islamshahr
Ali Vosoughi Colnteri Kambiz Kamkari Mehrnaz AzadyektaPurpose: In this research, "Standardization of the third edition of the Wadkock-Johnson Student Volunteering Scales in elementary school students in Islamshahr" was studied.. Methoed: The original questioning method has been developed to determine whether the thir MorePurpose: In this research, "Standardization of the third edition of the Wadkock-Johnson Student Volunteering Scales in elementary school students in Islamshahr" was studied.. Methoed: The original questioning method has been developed to determine whether the third edition of the Woodshow-Johnson Student Volunteering Scales in elementary school students in Islamshahr has internal consistency, stability coefficient, criterion validity, and desirable structure validity. The present research is in the field of psychometric planning. The present research community consists of all students of Eslamshahr primary schools. In this research, 720 students (from the first to the sixth and from each base of 30) were selected as the sample, following a randomized random sampling method. In this research, the third edition of the third edition of the Woodcock Johnson Cognitive Test series has been used as a tool that has a desirable validity and validity. Findings: The results of this study showed that by examining the internal consistency (using Alpha Cranbach method and two semiring tests with Spearman-Brown correction), stability by means of test-retest method revealed that the tool consisted of internal consistency of questions and desirable stability (higher Of 0.95). Also, the tool with the fifth version of the Stanford-Bineh Hoe Scale in elementary school students in Eslamshahr has a similarity of validity. Conclusion: Finally, the factor analysis revealed that this tool explains the factors of the seven factors of the Kotl-Horn-Carroll theory (CHC) in elementary school students in the city of Islamshahr. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - Investigating Factors Affecting Successful Waste Recycling Management (Case Study: Shiraz’s Municipality, Iran)
Anita khoshroo -
Open Access Article
252 - Inventory of Single Oak Trees Using Object- Based Method on WorldView-2 Satellite Images and on Earth
yousef taghi mollaei Abdolali Karamshahi Seyyed Yousef ErfanifardRemote sensing provides data types and useful resources for forest mapping. Today,one of the most commonly used application in forestry is the identification of singletree and tree species compassion using object-based analysis and classification ofsatellite or aerial i MoreRemote sensing provides data types and useful resources for forest mapping. Today,one of the most commonly used application in forestry is the identification of singletree and tree species compassion using object-based analysis and classification ofsatellite or aerial images. Forest data, which is derived from remote sensing methods,mainly focuses on the mass i.e. parts of the forest that are largely homogeneous, inparticular, interconnected) and plot-level data. Haft-Barm Lake is the case study whichis located in Fars province, representing closed forest in which oak is the valuablespecies. High Resolution Satellite Imagery of WV-2 has been used in this study. Inthis study, A UAV equipped with a compact digital camera has been used calibratedand modified to record not only the visual but also the near infrared reflection (NIR) ofpossibly infested oaks. The present study evaluated the estimation of forest parametersby focusing on single tree extraction using Object-Based method of classification witha complex matrix evaluation and AUC method with the help of the 4th UAV phantombird image in two distinct regions. The object-based classification has the highest andbest accuracy in estimating single-tree parameters. Object-Based classification methodis a useful method to identify Oak tree Zagros Mountains forest. This study confirmsthat using WV-2 data one can extract the parameters of single trees in the forest. An overall Kappa Index of Agreement (KIA) of 0.97 and 0.96 for each study site has been achieved. It is also concluded that while UAV has the potential to provide flexible and feasible solutions for forest mapping, some issues related to image quality still need to be addressed in order to improve the classification performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - Inventory of Single Oak Trees Using Object-Based Method on WorldView-2 Satellite Images and Earth
yousef taghi mollaei abdolali karamshahi Seyyed Yousef ErfanifardRemote sensing provides data types and useful resources for forest mapping. Today, one of the mostcommonly used application in forestry is the identification of single tree and tree species compassionusing object-based analysis and classification of satellite or aerial MoreRemote sensing provides data types and useful resources for forest mapping. Today, one of the mostcommonly used application in forestry is the identification of single tree and tree species compassionusing object-based analysis and classification of satellite or aerial images. Forest data, which is derivedfrom remote sensing methods, mainly focuses on the mass i.e. parts of the forest that are largelyhomogeneous, in particular, interconnected) and plot-level data. Haft-Barm Lake is the case study whichis located in Fars province, representing closed forest in which oak is the valuable species. HighResolution Satellite Imagery of WV-2 has been used in this study. In this study, A UAV equipped with acompact digital camera has been used calibrated and modified to record not only the visual but also thenear infrared reflection (NIR) of possibly infested oaks. The present study evaluated the estimation offorest parameters by focusing on single tree extraction using Object-Based method of classification with acomplex matrix evaluation and AUC method with the help of the 4th UAV phantom bird image in twodistinct regions. The object-based classification has the highest and best accuracy in estimating single-treeparameters. Object-Based classification method is a useful method to identify Oak tree Zagros Mountainsforest. This study confirms that using WV-2 data one can extract the parameters of single trees in theforest. An overall Kappa Index of Agreement (KIA) of 0.97 and 0.96 for each study site has beenachieved. It is also concluded that while UAV has the potential to provide flexible and feasible solutionsfor forest mapping, some issues related to image quality still need to be addressed in order to improve theclassification performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Modeling Areas Exposed to Radioactive Elements Using Landsat Satellite Images Case Study of Shirkuh Yazd
mohammad amin Atapour seyed hesamadin moinzade mirhoseini seyede_Razieh keshavarzThe most important radioactive elements of the crust are uranium and thorium. Different isotopes of these elements become stable elements with long decay chains and the production of other radioactive elements. The Shirkuh granite batholith, with a partial melting origi MoreThe most important radioactive elements of the crust are uranium and thorium. Different isotopes of these elements become stable elements with long decay chains and the production of other radioactive elements. The Shirkuh granite batholith, with a partial melting origin, extends over a thousand square kilometers, from chronology to early geological formations to the present day. According to the measurement of radionuclides in water, soil and rock, Shirkuh granite has U and Th radioactive elements. Landsat satellite images are used to study the Shirkuh in terms of radioactive elements distribution. Also, 30 kinds with the number of radioactive elements identified by Field Spec were sampled and spectral libraries were designed. In this study, the areas with the highest concentration of radioactive elements were determined using spectral angle mapping and supervised classification. The results show that the highest uranium and thorium specimen are located in three regions: west and south of Manshad and south of Tabriz Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - Improving the Location of Recycling Stations in Shiraz Metropolitan Areas Using Landscape Geographic Information Systems Software and Landsat Images
Mohammad Mehdi Pakfetrat Ayoub Karimijashni Naser TalebbeydokhtiSolid waste production has been a major problem in human societies in recent decades. Changes in consumption patterns have imposed great problems and costs on large cities to dispose the waste. Today, the geographic information system is considered due to the possibilit MoreSolid waste production has been a major problem in human societies in recent decades. Changes in consumption patterns have imposed great problems and costs on large cities to dispose the waste. Today, the geographic information system is considered due to the possibility of analyzing a huge volume of information layers, which has been used in this study to investigate the current stations and improve them. National and international experiences, three layers of the population, land use and access route have been selected. The hierarchical analysis method has been used to weigh the criteria and Landsat images of Shiraz have been used to locate the stations. According to experts, the covered population with the weight of 0.540 has the highest value, land use with 0.297has the next priority and access route with 0.163 is used to improve the collection stations for home recycling materials in Shiraz, based on the population in 1396. Assuming that 50% of the city's population delivered their recycled materials to the stations, 61 stations were located using Landsat images, of which 16 stations with a short distance (300 meters) from the current station were shown. Twenty-one medium-distance stations (300-700 meters) and 24 long-distance stations (more than 700 meters) were identified. In areas with long-distance stations, it is necessary to build and add drop-off centers, collecting recycled materials Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - The Role of Anthropogenic Effects In Subsidence Of Normanshir-Fahraj Plain
Samad Fotoohi Hossein Negaresh Roghayeh Delaram Masoud Sistani Badooei The role of humans in anthropogenic erosion and geomorphological changes of its natural environment is very important. Its most important role in recent decades is the use of surface and groundwater resources, which has been clearly shown as the destructive effect More The role of humans in anthropogenic erosion and geomorphological changes of its natural environment is very important. Its most important role in recent decades is the use of surface and groundwater resources, which has been clearly shown as the destructive effects of excessive use of groundwater. Therefore, the need for water resources has caused the withdrawal of these very valuable resources from the underground aquifers of the country, whether allowed or not, and is facing the risk of land subsidence. The construction of the dam was another destructive effect that played an important role in blocking the aquifer nutrition. Narmashir-Fahraj plain is one of the plains in the country which has been directly affected by dam construction and uncontrolled abstraction of groundwater. After the dewatering of Nesa Dam, we were witnessed many environmental and water crises downstream of the alluvial fans of Fahraj and Normanshir.The need for drinking water, irrigation of date orchards and other uses has led to high groundwater abstraction. Also the subsidence is calculated using radar data Sentinel 1 satellite for 6 months about 10 cm, which is high. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to landslide risk management as well as to avoid secondary hazards such as the destruction of walls and buildings, road lines and the transfer of energy and infrastructure by the relevant governorate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Comparison of maps of nitrogen dioxide concentration, dust, wind and vegetation in Shiraz and Mashhad cities
Sajed Rezazadeh Mahmood Hashemi Hossein Hatefi Abbas MoradiToday, various pollutants enter the air due to human actions, biological activities and natural factors and endanger human life. Among the nitrogen oxides in the air, (NO2) is one of the most important pollutants, and dust is one of the most important harmful climate ph MoreToday, various pollutants enter the air due to human actions, biological activities and natural factors and endanger human life. Among the nitrogen oxides in the air, (NO2) is one of the most important pollutants, and dust is one of the most important harmful climate phenomena. In this regard, the aim of this research is to investigate the dust map and nitrogen dioxide concentration map in Mashhad and Shiraz regions and their effects in these regions. This study investigates and compares the dust volume and nitrogen dioxide concentration in Mashhad and Shiraz regions. And their relationship with land use, wind intensity and vegetation has been analyzed using satellite images and model maps through Google Earth Engine, a specialized web-based remote sensing system. The results show that the concentration of nitrogen dioxide is related to the land use of the cities in such a way that in industrial areas and urban centers that are mostly commercial and administrative, and it causes population density and increased transportation in these areas, the increase in the concentration of nitrogen dioxide In addition, there is an indirect relationship between wind intensity and nitrogen dioxide concentration. Also, dust, vegetation and wind intensity are related to each other, so that wind intensity is directly related to the amount of dust and increases its effects. Also, there is less dust in areas with more vegetation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - A look at the allegory and symbol in the two stories "Entry whose lot was dead" by Sadegh Chubak and "My father's fence and dogs" by Shirzad Hassan
Salma Saedi Masuod Motamedi Shahrooz Jamali Fiction is one of the most prominent areas in which social issues and problems are well represented. Narratives highlight the characteristics of each society in the context and action of their characters and, in addition to describing and depicting it in a c More Fiction is one of the most prominent areas in which social issues and problems are well represented. Narratives highlight the characteristics of each society in the context and action of their characters and, in addition to describing and depicting it in a complex way and criticizing it in literary forms and expressions. In some social periods, writers can not easily express their ideas due to the tyranny and oppression of society and fear of government punishment, so they resort to symbolic formats and allegory of one of these forms. are popular. In the field of fiction, in Iran and Iraq, writers such as Sadegh Chubak and Shirzad Hassan are both among the leading writers of style and influence in contemporary literature, and in this regard, have left lasting works. Considering that Sadegh Chubak and Shirzad Hassan have discussed the issues and problems of their society with similar views, the story of "Entry whose lot was dead" by Sadegh Chubak, with the story of "My father's fence and dogs" by Shirzad Hassan have been selected for review and comparison. In the present study, it is tried to understand the meaning of the second layer of the mentioned allegorical stories based on the descriptive-analytical method. The results of the study indicate that the attention of both authors is focused on the general public and the lower masses of society, and each in the guise of an allegorical story, social relations and the fate of human beings in Iranian and Iraqi society during dictatorships. Reza Shah and Saddam Hussein have narrated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Investigating the contexts of the use of miracles in the Kashf al-Mahjoob Hojwiri And its comparison with the Resaleye Qosheiriyeh
Fathiyatosadat sadat.karamooz Dr.ِِREZA ASHRAFZADEH Dr.majid taghavi Dignity in the culture of Islamic mysticism is one of the most widely used terms and concepts. This issue has not only stopped at the theoretical level, but has also been reflected in the practical history of Muslim mystics. They have used it to achieve various p More Dignity in the culture of Islamic mysticism is one of the most widely used terms and concepts. This issue has not only stopped at the theoretical level, but has also been reflected in the practical history of Muslim mystics. They have used it to achieve various personal and social goals. In this article, we intend to deal with the fields of application of miracles in the practical life of Sufism based on the opinions of two well-known personalities in the field of Islamic mysticism, namely Ali ibn Osman Hojwiri (author of Kashf al-Mahjoob) and Abolghasem Qosheiri (author of Resaleye Qosheiriyeh). For this purpose, descriptive and analytical methods have been used and data collection has been done based on library resources. Also, the statistical population of the research is the books of Kashf al-Mahjoob and the Resaleye Qosheiriyeh. Dignity in Hojwiri's and Qosheiri's views has two individual and social dimensions. In other words, mystics have sometimes used dignity to fulfill personal desires and sometimes for the public good. In general, the common areas of application in these two works are: mind reading and frosting; capturing the forces and elements of nature; hearing Hatef's voice; talking to the prophets in life and death; communication with animals; healing patients. The distinguishing features of the application of dignity in these two works are the greater variety and breadth of the Resaleye Qosheiriyeh and the multiplicity of its examples and parables than the discovery of the obligatory and the more prominent theoretical aspect of the satirical work. Also, Hojwiri refers to miracles such as: talking to God and tying the phrase on the body of the deceased Sheikh, and as a result of a layer of miracles such as: knowledge of the unseen, possession of objects, Sheikh's conversation with the tree, and death and voluntary life. Come Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Investigating the Functional Levels of Non-Verbal Communication of "Body Language" in 'Orfi Shirazi's Lyrics
Tahereh Moosazadeh Ahagh Safa Taslimi Hassanali Abbaspour esfeden mandana alimi One of the constant and important goals of poets and writers in their verse and prose works is to communicate with the audience as best as possible and convey the meaning and message to them as best and accurately as possible. In this regard, using verbal and non- More One of the constant and important goals of poets and writers in their verse and prose works is to communicate with the audience as best as possible and convey the meaning and message to them as best and accurately as possible. In this regard, using verbal and non-verbal communication has been one of the most common methods in this regard. Non-verbal communication or the use of visual signs has always been an efficient tool for poets to convey themes and concepts hidden in poems. Concepts that main topics are issues such as education, awareness and awakening of people and love (descriptions of the beauty of a lover, separation of a lover, etc.). 'Orfi Shirazi is one of the poets of the early Safavid period, who played an important role in the development of the Indian style of ghazal. The main volume of his divan is sonnets. One of the important indicators of 'Orfi poems is the visual signs (non-verbal communication) hidden in his lyrical themes. For this reason, the present article, using the descriptive analytical method, has attempted to analyze the level of non-verbal communication of "body language" in non-linguistic actions, in 'Orfi Shirazi poems. The hypothesis of the current research is an emphasis on the issue that the body language in the non-verbal communication of 'Orfi Shirazi's lyrical poetry is completely intentional and aimed at attracting the beloved and attracting the audience, as well as rethinking the behavioral patterns of the individual and society, with the aim of irony and symbolism. Among the non-verbal communication processes in 'Orfi Shirazi's poems, gestures and gestures specific to the face, hands, feet, and eyes have the most communicative function and play an important role in conveying concepts and messages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - Psychological Analysis of Farhad and Shirin Poem by Vahshi Bafghi Using Freudian Defense Mechanisms
sattar abdollahpour Arash Moshfaghi GHOLAMHOSEIN javanmardDefense Mechanisms constitute the most important components of Freudian Psychoanalytical Theory. For Freud, all people strive to realize their wishes, which if they fail to, they will sustain mental pressure and use defense mechanisms to encounter their mental pressures MoreDefense Mechanisms constitute the most important components of Freudian Psychoanalytical Theory. For Freud, all people strive to realize their wishes, which if they fail to, they will sustain mental pressure and use defense mechanisms to encounter their mental pressures. The Farhad and Shirin Divan poetry by Vahshi Bafghi has an immense capacity to investigate Freudian defense mechanisms and can be examined from a psychological angle. This descriptive-analytical research concerns with a psychological analysis of the Farhad and Shirin Divan poetry by Vahshi Bafghi using Freudian defense mechanisms, answering the question “Which defense mechanisms are used by the characters of this divan to reduce and overcome mental harms? Findings suggest that these characters, like other people of the society, resort to defense mechanisms, especially fantasy and projection by the time of failure and distress, in order to overcome anxieties and reduce their internal turmoil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Comparison of Qalandari themes in the works of Sheikh Ahmad Jam and Hafez Shirazi
, Jan Mohammad Afrazi, Hamid Tabasi, . Abolghasem Radfar Qalandaria is a branch of blame that has done some things contrary to religion for the sake of violence and has left a great impact on Persian literature. Iranian and Islamic mysticism began with asceticism and at some point merged with Sufism; He then entered a s More Qalandaria is a branch of blame that has done some things contrary to religion for the sake of violence and has left a great impact on Persian literature. Iranian and Islamic mysticism began with asceticism and at some point merged with Sufism; He then entered a stage in which some of his literature was called Qalandar literature. The influence of Qalandari thoughts in Persian mystical poetry started from Sanai and reached the highest level of development in Hafez. The poets of Qalandariyat spoke of their desire for love, Qalandariyya, drunkenness and passion, and criticized the scholars and ascetics. In Qalandariyat, words such as: Tasbih, Khaneghah, Kharqah, Asceticism, Sajjada, Sufi, Faqih, Mosque, School, etc. have been ridiculed, and in contrast, words such as: Dir Moghan, Magh, Maghbcheh, May, It has many uses. In this research, by descriptive-analytical method and library tools, the concepts of Qalandar in Hafez Divan and the works of poetry and prose of Ahmad Jam have been studied and compared. The results of the research show that Hafez and Sheikh Ahmad Jam have emphasized the issue of hypocrisy of religious people and Sharia more than others; Because the corruption that is created in this way in the society is much worse than the corruption of other classes. Also, Hafez and Sheikh Jam have emphasized the condemnation of selfishness and avoidance of the world and carnal habits. Hafez's wide range of views includes political, social, cultural, and religious issues; But Ahmad Jam has not mentioned the political characteristics of his society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - Investigating the love of Eros, the beauty factor of the story in "Wis and Ramin" and "Khosrow and Shirin" (based on John Lee's theory)
tayebe abdollahzade vajiheh torkamani barandozi The love poems of "Wis and Ramin" by Fakhreddin Asad Gorgani and "Khosrow and Shirin" Nezami are Undoubtedly, they are among the most prominent works of lyrical poetry. The dimensions of romantic relationships between the characters of the story also provide a goo More The love poems of "Wis and Ramin" by Fakhreddin Asad Gorgani and "Khosrow and Shirin" Nezami are Undoubtedly, they are among the most prominent works of lyrical poetry. The dimensions of romantic relationships between the characters of the story also provide a good basis for studying the subject of love and its types with psychological theories. One of these topics is John Lee's theory of love. He has studied the three main love styles of Eros, Ludos, Storg, secondary mania styles, agape, pragma and also compared it with the main colors. The purpose of this study is to study the love of Eros in these two love poems using John Lee's theory of love. So the main question is to answer the question of what color of love in these stories corresponds to what color of love in John Lee's theory and what are the most important components of Eros love that is the main factor of beauty and charm in these stories? The result of this research shows that by examining this issue descriptively-analytically in both stories, an important love component (Eros) is identified related to the behavior of the characters in the story. This component includes a number of actions and motivations that are consistent with John Lee's view in red. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - First report of tobacco flea Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer, 1847) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Iran
Neda Kheradpir Erfan MiirzaiiThe alien species tobacco flea Epitrix hirtipennis Melsheimer is reported for the first time for Iranian Chrysomelidae fauna. The first specimen was observed in an eggplant farm from Sargol village in Varamin County (Tehran Province) through mid June; population monitor MoreThe alien species tobacco flea Epitrix hirtipennis Melsheimer is reported for the first time for Iranian Chrysomelidae fauna. The first specimen was observed in an eggplant farm from Sargol village in Varamin County (Tehran Province) through mid June; population monitoring continued till the last week of July, parallel to crop harvesting which the population density raised to 3-4 fleas/leaf; continuously, the flea adults were observed on the second crop rotation at the end of July. The species is native to Nearctic ecozone and since 1983, has been reported from Palearctic region such as Italy, Portuguese, Greece, Bulgaria, Russia and Syria. Some of the other species of Epitrix has been previously reported from different parts of Iran and E. hirtipennis is reported for the first time for Iranian fauna. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - Identifying Factors Affecting Educational Policy-Making Based on Third Millennium Characteristics
Aazam Bahari Fariba Hanifi Asghar Sharifi -
Open Access Article
266 - Adaptation of Shirikipich Carpet Motifs from Sirjan Qajar Period and Contemporary
Fatemeh Balvardi Hamidreza MohebiThis library and field method study compared the motifs of contemporary Sirjan's Shirikipich carpet with that of the Qajar period and provided information on the motifs of the two periods. The purpose of studying these motifs was to know the extent of adherence of the c MoreThis library and field method study compared the motifs of contemporary Sirjan's Shirikipich carpet with that of the Qajar period and provided information on the motifs of the two periods. The purpose of studying these motifs was to know the extent of adherence of the current weavers to the motifs left from the past. The result of study revealed that the commercial process, the consumer's taste and the actuality of the sales market and of the old handlooms resulted in some changes in the patterns of carpets.The Shirikipich carpet design of Sirjan has undergone changes and new patterns have been added to it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - GENERALIZED INVERSES OF ANTI-TRIANGULAR BLOCK OPERATOR MATRICES
Tahereh Haddadi -
Open Access Article
268 - Analysis of opportunities and threats to the development of tourism services (Case study of Shiraz)
Ali Akbar Izadi Saadi Masood Taghvaei Yaghoub PeyvastehgarThis study was conducted to evaluate the opportunities and threats to the development of tourism services in Shiraz. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of survey method. The first statistical population includes the managers and all ex MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the opportunities and threats to the development of tourism services in Shiraz. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of survey method. The first statistical population includes the managers and all experts of cultural heritage and tourism office of Fars province. The statistical population was responsible for identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the Delphi method. The information required for this study, were collected and analyzed using three questionnaires. The first questionnaires, were distributed among the members of the first statistical community, led to the identification of internal and external environmental factors affecting the strategic decisions of the tourism industry. Questionnaire number two was designed based on Saaty scale and pairwise comparisons and was decided at the disposal of the group to calculate the relative weight of the groups of weakness, strength, opportunity and threat. Questionnaire number three was developed based on pairwise comparisons and Saaty scale to identify the relative weight of components and factors identified in each group by the decision group. Findings showed that Shiraz city should use three strike strategies (short-term), medium-term strategy and long-term strategy to deal with opportunities and threats to develop tourism services in this city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Spatial analysis of green spaces in Shiraz using geographic information system
Marziyeh MogholiThe purpose of this research is to analyze the location of parks in Shiraz city and to examine the neighborhood pattern and the radius of access of existing green spaces in order to provide approaches and a suitable model for optimizing the spatial distribution system a MoreThe purpose of this research is to analyze the location of parks in Shiraz city and to examine the neighborhood pattern and the radius of access of existing green spaces in order to provide approaches and a suitable model for optimizing the spatial distribution system and location pattern of green spaces in Shiraz city. The science of this research is descriptive-analytical and applied. First, all the required spatial data were collected and a database was created in the GIS environment and ArcMap software. Then, using the AHP hierarchical process analysis method, the criteria of coverage radius, population and its density, accessibility, neighboring uses, etc. were weighted.According to the findings, it was found that accessibility criteria and population density are the most important effective factors in the distribution of urban uses. Also, in the distribution of green space, criteria of compatible and incompatible contiguity, population density and road network were studied and the contiguity of large green spaces and the final map to select the most suitable places and the most unsuitable places of green spaces were determined.According to the findings, it was found that a number of green spaces in the neighborhood system with all the studied uses except residential use are in a bad condition. Also, according to the final map, the most suitable places for building green spaces are the utskirts of Shiraz city in the south, east and west parts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - A Reflection on Proving the Real Identity and Historical Content of the Rock Relief of Ardeshir Babakan at Naqsh-e Rajab, Fars
Seyyed Rasool Mousavi HajiWhenever researchers come across a new point concerning Sassanid history, succeed in deciphering an inscription, or discover and understand a new cultural work, they invariably turn to Sassanid relief carvings, which have long been famous and considered valuable sources MoreWhenever researchers come across a new point concerning Sassanid history, succeed in deciphering an inscription, or discover and understand a new cultural work, they invariably turn to Sassanid relief carvings, which have long been famous and considered valuable sources of the Sassanid period. Precious reliefs, which, as authentic criteria, can serve to measure documents obtained from historical and archaeological studies, giving rise to important discoveries and results, represent a large portion of the Sassanid arts, cultural political and religious practices. Since the rise of the Sassanid dynasty is important in the process of Iran's history, it is necessary to clarify the exact status of archaeological findings - especially its rock reliefs be remove their historical content from any ambiguity and darkness. Studies show that (1) The donor of the royal crown to Ardeshir Babakan in one of the reliefs of Naqsh-e Rajab, Fars is none other than Ahura Mazda. Attributing this character to a high priest or any other mortal character has no scientific basis or rationale; (2) The marriage of Ardeshir Babakan with Ardavan V’s daughter and the birth of Shapur I as a result of this marriage, is false, and derived from a folk legend. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Comparative Investigation of Achaemenid Wall Paintings of Shaour Palace
Fatemeh MohseniThe historic-artistic and comparative probe accomplished on two pieces of painting on a clay layer belonging to Achaemenid period, which had been kept in a room in Susa Castle demonstrated that these two pieces were the two first paintings obtained from the Achaemenid p MoreThe historic-artistic and comparative probe accomplished on two pieces of painting on a clay layer belonging to Achaemenid period, which had been kept in a room in Susa Castle demonstrated that these two pieces were the two first paintings obtained from the Achaemenid period that have been created on the clay wall. In order to attain the essence of the paintings and their content, investigation about the figure's details was first done and, then it referred to the figures' relationship. The outcome of the study is to recognize and identify the figures and the subject matters of the pictures as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - Northwest Iran in the Achaemenid Period, in the Light of Archaeological Findings of Ghonagh Ghiran Castle
Servat Valadbeigy Mostafa Dehpahlavan Reza RezalooNorthwest Iran played an important role in cultural, economic, and political exchanges with the surrounding lands in the first millennium BC. Given the importance of the area, there are many uncertainties in understanding the cultural features and interactions of the re MoreNorthwest Iran played an important role in cultural, economic, and political exchanges with the surrounding lands in the first millennium BC. Given the importance of the area, there are many uncertainties in understanding the cultural features and interactions of the region, particularly during the Achaemenid and Parthian periods. It may contribute greatly to clarifying ambiguities through more archaeological introduction and analysis of old and new cultural findings. Ghonagh Ghiran castle is one of the rare Achaemenid sites in the Ardebil province. This castle is the largest site container painted triangle ware belonging to the Achaemenid period in the Ardabil Plain, which was not surveyed and excavated yet. This site was been surveyed with systematic sampling methods and then documentation and analysis of cultural materials. It was our aim that studies 25 percent of the cultural data of all operations of the castle surface. For as much as our main aim was to identify characteristics of painted triangle ware in this project, then potteries classification and samples selection, we studied, evaluated, and compared them with potteries of other sites both inside and outside of Iran. It has found species of Ardebil styles pottery and shards with green glaze belonged to the Seljuk period too, which it is indicate settlement continuity in this site. According to the considerable characteristics of defensive architecture, and environmental and topographic conditions of Ghonagh Ghiran Castle, undoubtedly, it has had a political and important status in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Ardashir Khorreh; the Capital of Ardashir Papakan
Reza MehrAfarin Sorour Khorashadi Abbas Jame BozorgArdashir Papakan, the founder of Sassanid dynasty, emphasized to urbanism. He made a large number of cities to who pointed out most of historians and geographers of the first Islamic century. The largest and most important city of Ardashir was Gur or Ardashir Khoreh whi MoreArdashir Papakan, the founder of Sassanid dynasty, emphasized to urbanism. He made a large number of cities to who pointed out most of historians and geographers of the first Islamic century. The largest and most important city of Ardashir was Gur or Ardashir Khoreh which was located in the vicinity of Firooz Abad in Fars province. This was the capital of Ardashir and also had a circular shape as like as some Parthian cities. There was located a lofty tower called Terbal in the middle of the town. It was the symbol of Anahita, the goddess of water and near it was a large palace. Islamic geographers have described the buildings of Ardashir Khoreh and also the archaeologists have dug in it in recent century. So, there are many data about this city and its installations. Ardashir Khoreh was founded after Ardeshir victory over Ardavan V and then constructed a glorious palace called Ardashir palace in the vicinity of the town and at a good climate place. This palace was Appropriate to dignity and glory of Ardashir, so, he rest in it at the end of his life and indeed, after abdication of power. Ardashir ordered to construct a strong and stable fortress on the summit of Tangab in order to maximize his small army against Ardavan`s attacks and also underpin the release of Iran. Manuscript profile -
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274 - Social Sustainability Components & Improving the Physical Quality of Contemporary Residential Complexes
Hamed Moztarzadeh Hadi Nikounam Nezami -
Open Access Article
275 - Evaluation of the quality of the third place for young people with an emphasis on promoting Social Resilience
Mohammadreza Mohammadi vosough Toktam Hanaee -
Open Access Article
276 - Explaining the Role of Light on Quality of the Architectural Spaces in Iranian Mosques
Fariba Alborzi Farah Habib Iraj Etessam -
Open Access Article
277 - A Trivalent Approach to the Quality of the “Khoshk” River Landscape in Shiraz
Mehdi Khakzand Mohsen Faizi Abbas Azari -
Open Access Article
278 - This study aimed to investigate the relationship between motivation and classroom management style mathematical concept of high school students in Tehran District 5 school year is 95-94
fereshte eslami hadi rezghiThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between motivation and classroom management style mathematical concept of high school students in Tehran District 5 school year is 95-94. Methods: A descriptive and correlation. The population in this study to all student MoreThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between motivation and classroom management style mathematical concept of high school students in Tehran District 5 school year is 95-94. Methods: A descriptive and correlation. The population in this study to all students in third year high school students in Tehran District No.5, the volume was made up of 6953 people, of which 365 people (186 boys and 179 girls) using formula Cochran sampling and stratified random sample (stratified society ) were chosen. The data by three questionnaires classroom management styles (Wolfgang and Glickman 1986), math anxiety questionnaire (Wilson2007) and academic motivation questionnaire (Abdkhodaie 1387) were collected. Validity and reliability was approved on the basis of the standard classroom management style questionnaire tool (68/0) in math anxiety questionnaire (vary from 850) and the Academic Motivation Inventory (91/0) for the study of different Cronbach alpha It is calculated. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (percentages, average frequency) as well as at the level of inferential statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used in all aspects of the teacher's classroom management... The results showed that students' mathematical motivation is effective classroom management style. The data analysis also showed that statistically there is a relationship between motivation in mathematics and math self-concept. The findings also showed that motivation and classroom management style have a significant effect on students' math anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Investigating the effect of the intergenerational culture of the organization on the employees’ job engagement: Mediation role of organizational integration
ghodratallah mohammadi elham heidariAbstract:The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the intergenerational culture of the organization on the employee engagement and to determine the mediating role of the organizational integration of Shiraz University. The research method was descri MoreAbstract:The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the intergenerational culture of the organization on the employee engagement and to determine the mediating role of the organizational integration of Shiraz University. The research method was descriptive correlation type. The statistical population of the research included all employees of Shiraz University (700 people) who were selected Based on Morgan table using random sampling method. 248 people were considered as a sample, and finally 211 questionnaires were answered completely and were considered as a sample. The tools of this research included scales of intergenerational culture (King and Bryant, 2017), organizational engagement (Schaufeli et al., 2006) and organizational integration (Nieves and Haller, 2014), which after calculating their validity and reliability, Distribution between the sample and data were analyzed using structural equation model. The findings showed that the growth of intergenerational culture has a positive and significant effect on organizational integration. In addition, intergenerational culture has a positive and significant effect on the growth of employee engagement. Also, organizational integration has a positive and significant effect on employee engagement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Identifying third – millennium university characteristics to put forward a framework for Iranian universities in their movement from traditional universities to modern tradition
badri shahtalebiConsidering the importance of universities in the media age, the formation of information gaiety, globalization and penetration of western cultures that has led to the change of some disvalues in to legitimate valves and has put academic society in to danger, the presen MoreConsidering the importance of universities in the media age, the formation of information gaiety, globalization and penetration of western cultures that has led to the change of some disvalues in to legitimate valves and has put academic society in to danger, the present study was done to offer a framework for institutionalizing characteristics of third. Millennium universities in Iranian universities the research is of survey descriptive type. At first 83 factors identified through reviewing relevant literature. Then a tentative framework and the conceptual framework statistical population consisted of all facvlty members of the universities in Istahan, the university of technology of Istahan , and medical university. To determine the final framework, a questionnair was administerd among 200 of the statistical population. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean, sd, and variance) and inferential statistics (factor analysis) were used, the main findings are as follows: 1-formulation of the main factors and characteristics of third – millennium universities 2- formulation of an appropriate framework for Iranian universities, and construct validation of the factors through factor analysis the philosophy and aims of framework were confirmed by construct validation . In the conceptual framework, the combination of main factors changcd, and 83 sub-factors arranged under 6 main factors were distributed in 14 factors doing so, the final version was achieved Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Political relationship between Sasanid and Eastern nomadic tribes during Arabs invasion
mansour amaniDuring Sasanian sovereignty there were some nomadic people who liued in eastern neighborhood of Iran . Seeking for new land and place , those tribes migrated from deserts of central Asia and even from China to west. In their migration course , they encountered sasanian MoreDuring Sasanian sovereignty there were some nomadic people who liued in eastern neighborhood of Iran . Seeking for new land and place , those tribes migrated from deserts of central Asia and even from China to west. In their migration course , they encountered sasanian empire. Kushanian, Khiunies , Kidars , Hiatele, and Turles were the most important neighbors of Iran during different periods at the time of Sasanian sovereignty . when Moslem Arabs possessed Iran the relation between them and Iran broke off , although during the post-Islam some of these nations restored their crucial role. From the end of sasanian period , every tawny man appeared hereinafter in " Turu" , and the word " Turu" was used for all tawny nations with a convergent common language have been regarded as " Turu". They include : 1) Taghzghaz (To’uz - Aghuz) , 2) Kherkhiz (kirghiz), 3) Kimau , 4) Ghaz (oghuz), Kharlakh (Gharagh-khalakh). Manuscript profile -
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282 - The ministery of Khajeh Ghavam-Al-Din Nezam -Al –Molk KHafi during the sultan Hossian Bayqara Timouri (911-875)
amirtemour rafeeiKHajeh Qavam –AL-Din Nezam –Al-Molk KHafi ,the son of Molana SHahab AL –Din Ismaeel ,was one of Soltan Hussein Mirza Bayqara the Timurid vizier who spend about thirty years of his life in financial and governmental affairs. His administerative activiti MoreKHajeh Qavam –AL-Din Nezam –Al-Molk KHafi ,the son of Molana SHahab AL –Din Ismaeel ,was one of Soltan Hussein Mirza Bayqara the Timurid vizier who spend about thirty years of his life in financial and governmental affairs. His administerative activities bgan at the time of Abolghasem Babur Mirza the governor of Heart (853 -861 A.H),and after that he became one of the servants of Sultan Abu Saeed Gurcani(855 -873 A.H). He began his activity as a vizier in 855 a.m when Sultan Hussain Mirza came to the throne of Heart . he was murdered by the order of Timurid Sultan,was one of the viziers of A,Ala Divan in Heart in 903AH. His long Visarat cause political disputes and grounings in the Timurid governmental structure. Infact,his death was the result of political and religious disputes between Turks and Tajics. Sultan Hossein Mirza Bayghara couldnot control the disorganized internalsitution.internal rebels and then Uzbek invaders. Their interference family disputes between Timurid princes worsened the situation. With the death of Sultan Hossein in 911 AH no competent successor was left in Timurid family to prevent the fall of Heart to Uzbaks in 913 AM. Manuscript profile -
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283 - Review and analysis of the formal structure of a Tansar Narrated by Ebne Esfandiar Abstract
آسیه ذبیح نیا عمرانThe reign of religion devoutness Platonic Tansar And leave the seclusion Was chosen. His narrative of the Pahlavi texts, Arabic and Farsi Those who had a significant role the throne Artaxerxes. He also yari nameh his admonished, his wisdom Ardashir Offered. The letter Z MoreThe reign of religion devoutness Platonic Tansar And leave the seclusion Was chosen. His narrative of the Pahlavi texts, Arabic and Farsi Those who had a significant role the throne Artaxerxes. He also yari nameh his admonished, his wisdom Ardashir Offered. The letter Zahed in their forthright opinions and religious beliefs, political, social And ... Has raised her. The study of these letters can be religious Level knowledge and mastery of the issues this personality, social and ... Realize.Letters reflect the opinion of this character are unmistakable. Tansar letters of three parts:As a starter, main and end up being written, that each of these three parts take also such subsidiary organs.Tansar language in bold letters, and the audience, no doubt, hesitation and his impurity in Remarks he Can not find Whatever Tall Spirit him harassment Gives On the Psyche paper makes Without fear and had several issues with passion Were Proposed Addition to the mentioned, the text of this letter, clearly, can be found in the author's intellectual scholar with a rich cultural and religious backed with suffering writes. Overall, this study gives the audience the indescribable Hzy the letters Wil serverl that can help him through life, and also causing provide information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - The composition and social origin of the Babi insurgents with an emphasis on the Babi rebellion in Mazandaran (1264-1265 AH)
sina foroozeshAbstract: Babism movement officially came to existence at the time of Mohammad Shah of Qajar dynasty in 1260 AH. At the beginning the movement had three principles of Babiasm, Mahdaviyat (believing in the Hidden Imam), and Prophethood. The founder of the movement, Seyye MoreAbstract: Babism movement officially came to existence at the time of Mohammad Shah of Qajar dynasty in 1260 AH. At the beginning the movement had three principles of Babiasm, Mahdaviyat (believing in the Hidden Imam), and Prophethood. The founder of the movement, Seyyed Ali Mohammad Shirazi, set to Azerbaijan on the behest of the Shah's Chancellor, Hajj Mirza Aqasi. He spent four months 2 years and three months in prison from 1264 to 1266 AH. When the babist lost the hope of their leader being set free, the movement entered a new era; an armed insurgency. Under the pretext of their leader's imprisonment, they started a rebellion and challenged the establishment. The culmination of this armed insurgency was when the group took the Sheik Tabarsi Citadel in Mazandaran for nine months. Eventually, they were defeated and the insurgency was put to rest. The current study deals with several factors of the movement, in particular the reason behind its varied social fabrics, the social origins of the rebels, and their motivations with the emphasis on the rebellion in Mazandaran (Sheikh Tabarsi Citadel). The research is conducted using historical research method and tries to be objective in its dealing with historical events. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Scientific-literary character of Amir Ali-Shir Nava’i and efficacy of his school
Amir Nemati LimaeeAmir Ali-shir Nava’i is one of the famous and well-known politicians and cultural man of the Timurid era . His unique political and cultural perspective gave him a special position in Iranian cultural history. Investigating different aspects of his unique characte MoreAmir Ali-shir Nava’i is one of the famous and well-known politicians and cultural man of the Timurid era . His unique political and cultural perspective gave him a special position in Iranian cultural history. Investigating different aspects of his unique character is the subject of this paper . This paper by means of the historical research method reviews some of his great works such as : his influence on Turkish literature , his role in spreading Iranian culture beyond Iran, providing the foundation for new schools of thought , and also writing different dictionaries . A study of historical records revealed that in one hand , Amir Ali-shir Nava’i was a pioneer and leading figure in Turkish literature and on the other hand , he had a prominent role in introducing Iranian culture into Turkish language tribes . the result of his work created close contacts between Iranian and Turkish culture . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - The role of Mughira bin Sha'ba in the attacks of Muslim Arabs on Iran
Gholamali Salim gandomi ghafar porbakhtiar Abdolaziz MovahedMughira bin Shuba is one of the elite Arabs from the Thaqif tribe, who has played an important role in many important accidents of the early days of Islam. Since various sources mostly mention Mughira as a veteran politician, no independent research has been done on his MoreMughira bin Shuba is one of the elite Arabs from the Thaqif tribe, who has played an important role in many important accidents of the early days of Islam. Since various sources mostly mention Mughira as a veteran politician, no independent research has been done on his military performance. Meanwhile, to know exactly the thoughts and ideas of Maghira, we should also pay attention to his military activities.Because according to fragments of documents, in addition to being present in the political and social arenas, Mughira accompanied the Prophet in many of the Islamic conquests, and in overseas wars to confront the two empires of Iran and Rome in great conquests such as Qadisiyah , Nahavand and Hamedan, which led to the complete occupation of Iran, were present and this presence has left a noticeable impact on his performance during his chancellorship in Basra and Kufa. Some consider his progress in the field of management , due to his presence in fronts outside the peninsula and his familiarity with Iranian and Roman culture.Now, in this research, we are looking for an answer to the question, what role did Mughirah bin Shuba play in the conquests that led to the conquest of Iran? Based on this hypothesis, it seems that Mughira was in charge of the negotiating team before the Qadisiyah war and was present in the conquest of Nahavand and Hamadan as a high-ranking commander Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Radān duties in the Sassanid period from the Mādayān ī Hazār Dādestān
zahra hisseiniMādayān ī Hazār Dādestān is only imperfect manuscript from the legal collection of the Sassanid period. In this book, in addition to legislators and legal commentators, Zoroastrian religious authorities such as Mowbedān, Hērbedān, Dastwarān and Radān have also appeared MoreMādayān ī Hazār Dādestān is only imperfect manuscript from the legal collection of the Sassanid period. In this book, in addition to legislators and legal commentators, Zoroastrian religious authorities such as Mowbedān, Hērbedān, Dastwarān and Radān have also appeared in the role of judges and issued rulings. This article was written with the reference to Mādayān's legal book and with the aim of knowing the position of Radān in the Sassanid era in a historical analytical way.The questions of the article are: According to the book, what were the duties of the Radān in the Sassanid era and what are their rulings? Research showed: These religious men have certain duties in the clerical system of the Sassanid period and as assistants of the king, they tried to elevate the religious government and the country. Radān have competent in recapturing ownership and property tax, purchase and exchange issues, and assessing the value of the fire temple property. Determining taxes and collecting those, and dealing with the government's revenue matters were entrusted to Radān.The auditor calculated and prepared the value and price of movable and immovable property, the entry and exit of assets into the royal treasury, the documents of assignment and embargo, etc. Rad should have reviewed and approved the auditor's report. Radān gained a special position during the Anushirvan period and their seal is given to authentic documents along with the Mowbedān seal, and their duties express their power and influence in religion and government. Manuscript profile -
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288 - The political and religious situation of the Sassanid government until the Mehr-narseh dynasty
iraj rajabi sharam jlilian javad sakha mahnaz sarpisegiStatement of the problem: One of the periods of Iran's history before Islam is the Sasanian era, which is considered one of the turning points of Iran's history in terms of time. Because this period of history is the meeting point between Islam and pre-Islam. MoreStatement of the problem: One of the periods of Iran's history before Islam is the Sasanian era, which is considered one of the turning points of Iran's history in terms of time. Because this period of history is the meeting point between Islam and pre-Islam. Purpose: To investigate the political and religious situation of the Sassanid Empire before the Mehr-narseh dynasty. Research method: The current research method is explanatory-analytical and the method of collecting documentary materials and the research tool is FISH. Findings: Ardeshir's politics and statecraft are based on three principles: the concentration of the Sultanate and the unity of the Iranian nation, the cooperation and coordination of the Sultanate and the clergy, and the strengthening of the Mazdisani cult, and the support and supervision of farmers. First, he united with the Zoroastrian clergy and assigned a religious authority and a great scholar named Tansar to compile and collect the sacred texts. After gaining power, Ardeshir considered the unity and integrity of Iran as the most important issue of the country and his mission; Among the other factors of the tendency to unify religion and government was the presence of Far Izdi and dependence on the royal family, including the dependence on the Achaemenid dynasty. Another case in this regard is the compromise and eclecticism in Ayin and Izdan, which is evident in all aspects of Sassanid politics Manuscript profile -
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289 - Foreing relations with south and southwest Arabs at khosroparviz era.
ali mokhtariArab clan have been settled in south and southwest borders of sasanis property.Their good neighbour hood issues in one hand,and sasanis fendency to extention toward Shamat and north Africa in other hand,caused sasanys kings to have political and & MoreArab clan have been settled in south and southwest borders of sasanis property.Their good neighbour hood issues in one hand,and sasanis fendency to extention toward Shamat and north Africa in other hand,caused sasanys kings to have political and military relations with them.sasanys kings have made Hire government in these areas to protect security in southern borders with Arabs and to prevent their attacks. This government had a border guardpost role and its governers were appointed through Arabs,and they always were governed at sasanies domination that AL- Manzar is more famous than the others and thay were governed for a long time.All political,military, economical,and cultural relations of sasany with Arabs were made by Hire government and really they were trade gate of sasany with Arabs. Manuscript profile -
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290 - Political relationship between Sasanid and Eastern nomadic tribes during Arabs invasion
Mansor AmaniDuring Sasanian sovereignty there were some nomadic people who liuedin eastern neighborhood of Iran . Seeking for new land and place , thosetribes migrated from deserts of central Asia and even from China to west.In their migration course , they encountered sasanian emp MoreDuring Sasanian sovereignty there were some nomadic people who liuedin eastern neighborhood of Iran . Seeking for new land and place , thosetribes migrated from deserts of central Asia and even from China to west.In their migration course , they encountered sasanian empire.Kushanian , Khiunies ,Kidars , Hiatele, and Turles were the mostimportant neighbors of Iran during different periods at the time ofSasanian sovereignty . when Moslem Arabs possessed Iran the relationbetween them and Iran broke off , although during the post-Islam someof these nations restored their crucial role .From the end of sasanian period , every tawny man appeared hereinafterin " Turu" ,and the word " Turu" was used for all tawny nations with aconvergent common language have been regarded as " Turu " . Theyinclude :1) Taghzghaz (To’uz - Aghuz) , 2) Kherkhiz (kirghiz) , 3) Kimau , 4)Ghaz (oghuz), Kharlakh (Gharagh-khalakh) . Manuscript profile -
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291 - Analysis of the Character Mazdak and Movement of Mazdkiyeh
mohammad taghi fazli mohammad hosen moghadas jafariMost researchers believe before that , Mazdak will be a religion creator who is as a social reformist who fight against unfavorable situation and with influence in the Sasanian s MoreMost researchers believe before that , Mazdak will be a religion creator who is as a social reformist who fight against unfavorable situation and with influence in the Sasanian state could gathere many followers by himself . His main purpose has been the setting up Mazdak ,s movement against unjust laws Sasanian government and the Destroy of the deformed ,social tradition of the same periode.Mazdak will create Reforms in the social relations of Zoroastrianism with the moral teachings According to his faith, With this reformations,he can restabilish the Equality and social justice Because of it which go to waver and laxity, apparently the influence of Mazdak, made the Sasanian priests horror And the priests saw their power in danger. So, they decided to mislead and deceive young Anushiravan who imamture and they made him stimulate again Mazdak. Until. Anushiravan can reconnoiter with ruse and deceit and called Mazdak.s followers and his party and kill them all of them because of fear from the influence of Mazdak,s followers In the year 528 or early 529 AD. But Mazdak.s religion did not disappear.but the followers of this. Manuscript profile -
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292 - Review and analysis of the formal structure of a Tansar Narrated by Ebne Esfandiar
aseyeh zabiehniaThe reign of religion devoutness Platonic Tansar And leave the seclusion Was chosen. His narrative of the Pahlavi texts, Arabic and Farsi those who had a significant role the throne Artaxerxes. He also yari nameh his admonished, his wisdom Ardashir Offered. The letter Z MoreThe reign of religion devoutness Platonic Tansar And leave the seclusion Was chosen. His narrative of the Pahlavi texts, Arabic and Farsi those who had a significant role the throne Artaxerxes. He also yari nameh his admonished, his wisdom Ardashir Offered. The letter Zahed in their forthright opinions and religious beliefs, political, social And ... Has raised her. The study of these letters can be religious Level knowledge and mastery of the issues this personality, social and ... Realize.Letters reflect the opinion of this character are unmistakable. Tansar letters of three parts:As a starter, main and end up being written, that each of these three parts take also such subsidiary organs.Tansar language in bold letters, and the audience, no doubt, hesitation and his impurity in Remarks he Cannot find Whatever Tall Spirit him harassment Gives On the Psyche paper makes Without fear and had several issues with passion Were Proposed Addition to the mentioned, the text of this letter, clearly, can be found in the author's intellectual scholar with a rich cultural and religious backed with suffering writes. Overall, this study gives the audience the indescribable Hzy the letters Wil serverl that can help him through life and also causing provide information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Amir Ali SHirNavaei and his political and cultural Role at the age Of Timurid
amir temori ehteram asfene frahaneAmir Nezam Al DIN, Ali SHirNavaei , The son Of Amir KichkenehBahador, was born in Herat in 844 (AH) Turk Family. he serviced As the governor of Herat,forAbulGHasem Babar in Horassan.at the same time for the efection to SoltanHossainBayqarawich he had from hi MoreAmir Nezam Al DIN, Ali SHirNavaei , The son Of Amir KichkenehBahador, was born in Herat in 844 (AH) Turk Family. he serviced As the governor of Herat,forAbulGHasem Babar in Horassan.at the same time for the efection to SoltanHossainBayqarawich he had from his youth, and both of them studidi in the same school ,joined the Timuridhings. After AbulGHasem Babar’s death,he continued his studies in Mashhad.in order to gain power ,SoltanHussain went to Maiv, and Amir Ali AHir went to Samarkend at the age of Abu Saeid and studied in the school of HGajeFazl Allah Abulleishi,after that until Sultan Husseain a sized power in Herat (873 A.M)Amir Ali SHir served him.from the onest of Sultan Hussain rule ,he became one of his most important Amirs and counseors. He was in charge or keeping the great sel of Homayoon, and then was appointed ss the KKing emirates positions in Timuridsgovernment.heplyed a very important role in political and cultural stability Bayqara’s government and also he had a grea status in the history and literature of Iran, and improving ooettry and art in Heratin the ninth century (AH). He also played a great reole in promoting Turk language and literature. Manuscript profile -
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294 - Kal-i Jangal Parthian carved stone
mirza mohammad hasniKhorasan as origin of Parthian questionably faces lack of historical remnant of Parthian. Discovering Birjand Kal_i Jangal Parti carved stone and epigraph in 1330 as one of the scant remnants of this era is very significant. In this paper we tried to present a new and s MoreKhorasan as origin of Parthian questionably faces lack of historical remnant of Parthian. Discovering Birjand Kal_i Jangal Parti carved stone and epigraph in 1330 as one of the scant remnants of this era is very significant. In this paper we tried to present a new and spacious analysis of this matter considering all the researches done in this field. Thus considering stone carved that shows battle arena between a warrior and a lion which this kind of arts in ancient Iran before and after Parthian era was rampant, we tried to analyze stone carved comparing with other remnants such as Lakh-i Mazar Parthian and Elymais tang-i Sarvak stone carved. Also we want to investigate politicians perusing titles used in Parthian epigraph from political service aspects. Manuscript profile -
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295 - Historicism of Hafiz-e Shirazi
mohammad tayebiThe present paper with regard to Divan (Poetical works) and poems of Hafiz-e Shirazi discusses the extent of his attitude to the history knowledge, historical issues and related events and characters, subsets of his field as well as explanation and clarification of poin MoreThe present paper with regard to Divan (Poetical works) and poems of Hafiz-e Shirazi discusses the extent of his attitude to the history knowledge, historical issues and related events and characters, subsets of his field as well as explanation and clarification of point, and introduction of the roles of symbols and patterns based on historical and literary sources and references. The research findings in this field imply that the said poet was familiar with religious and national history and this very familiarity caused, far from detailed descriptions and explanations of events and biography of historical figures, whether positive or negative, induce on audience the most prolific historical interpretations and learnings through concise and precise sayings. In selecting the exemplary symbols and happenings Hafiz has considered the different branches of history his most considered figures, however, have been chosen from ancient and mythical eras and history of prophets. There is no doubt that one of the fascinating and effective symbols of the poet and his poems influenced on his Iranian and non. Iranian audience is his proper knowledge and understanding of history, realistic historicism selection and remittance of message with prolific historical concepts. Manuscript profile -
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296 - The ministery of Khajeh Ghavam-Al-Din Nezam -Al –Molk KHafi during the sultan Hossian Bayqara Timouri (911-875)
Amir Teymour RafieiKHajeh Qavam –AL-Din Nezam –Al-Molk KHafi ,the son of MolanaSHahab AL –Din Ismaeel ,was one of Soltan Hussein Mirza Bayqara theTimurid vizier who spend about thirty years of his life in financial andgovernmental affairs. His administerative activities MoreKHajeh Qavam –AL-Din Nezam –Al-Molk KHafi ,the son of MolanaSHahab AL –Din Ismaeel ,was one of Soltan Hussein Mirza Bayqara theTimurid vizier who spend about thirty years of his life in financial andgovernmental affairs. His administerative activities bgan at the time ofAbolghasem Babur Mirza the governor of Heart (853 -861 A.H),and afterthat he became one of the servants of Sultan Abu Saeed Gurcani(855 -873 A.H). He began his activity as a vizier in 855 a.m when SultanHussain Mirza came to the throne of Heart . he was murdered by theorder of Timurid Sultan,was one of the viziers of A,Ala Divan in Heart in903AH. His long Visarat cause political disputes and grounings in theTimurid governmental structure. Infact,his death was the result ofpolitical and religious disputes between Turks and Tajics.Sultan Hossein Mirza Bayghara couldnot control the disorganizedinternalsitution.internal rebels and then Uzbek invaders. Theirinterference family disputes between Timurid princes worsened thesituation. With the death of Sultan Hossein in 911 AH no competentsuccessor was left in Timurid family to prevent the fall of Heart toUzbaks in 913 AM. Manuscript profile -
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297 - Right on healthy environment as a part of human rights third generation
Leila HemmatzadehAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."“Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without d MoreAll human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."“Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.”“Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person”(1,2,3)Universal Declaration of Human RightsLiving right is the most primitive rights of human beings. It is impossible to be catched with environment which has no purity and health. Destroying environment progressively, which is lead to our present crisis, causes human's need to profit healthy environment.In this paper, right on healthy environment as a part of human rights third generation and its detection effect as one of human rights' types in environment protecting are studied. Manuscript profile -
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298 - The effect of faculty mobilization on political elitism in the Islamic Republic of Iran (Case study: Shiraz universities)
Mohammad Karimian Ghaffar Zarei Ali Mohammad HaghighiMohammad Karimian,[1] Ghaffar Zarei,[2]*,Ali Mohammad Haghighi[3] Abstract:The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of faculty mobilization on po­­­litical elitism in the Islamic Republic of Iran, which was conducted as a survey among facu MoreMohammad Karimian,[1] Ghaffar Zarei,[2]*,Ali Mohammad Haghighi[3] Abstract:The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of faculty mobilization on po­­­litical elitism in the Islamic Republic of Iran, which was conducted as a survey among faculty mobilization in Shiraz universities.The statistical population, which included 314 males and 61 females, was a total of 375 people, which was done by using the questionnaire method and their distribution among the statistical p­o­p­­ulation. Accordingly, the data collection tool is a questionnaire that to measure the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the value of Cronbach's alpha coefficient is equal to 0.98. The main question is what effect has the mobilization of professors had on the political elite in the Islamic Republic of Iran? The main hypothesis is that the role of mobilization in transmitting political awareness, strengthening national identity, increasing national and religious self-co­n­fi­d­e­n­ce and provincialism,are effective components in It is the training of political elit­e­s.[1].PhD Student in Political Science, Lamerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lamerd, Iran[2].Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Lamerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lamerd, Iran, Corresponding Author[3].Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Lamerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lamerd, Iran Manuscript profile -
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299 - Designing and Explaining the Model of Improving the Efficiency of Human Resources Based on the Component of Modern Methods of the Third Millennium
doustali dehghanchachkami Rashid Zolfaghari Saffron fariba hanifiThe importance of the human factor in organizations and its unique role in planning, implementing and monitoring organizational affairs in different fields and levels has made it a strategic factor, and that's why today organizations pay more attention to human resource MoreThe importance of the human factor in organizations and its unique role in planning, implementing and monitoring organizational affairs in different fields and levels has made it a strategic factor, and that's why today organizations pay more attention to human resources as "human capital" than in the past. This article aims to answer this question, what model can be presented to improve the efficiency of human resources based on the components of the modern practices of the third millennium? In terms of the practical purpose, the method of collecting field information, the descriptive implementation method of the mixed exploratory type, the statistical population in the qualitative part of the experts and in the quantitative part included the employees and experts of the technical and professional university in 2013 was 1800 people. The sample size was determined based on the Krejcie and Morgan table of 317 people by stratified random quantitative sampling method and snowball qualitative sampling method. Manuscript profile -
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300 - Sociological Study of Barriers to Political Development with Emphasis on Participatory Political Culture (Case Study of Shiraz University Students)
Sedigheh Razmjooei Alireza Khoddamy Keramatollah RasekhThis study aims to conduct Sociological study of barriers to political development with emphasis on the participatory political culture of Shiraz University students. Data were collected from a statistical sample of 377 students of Shiraz University using stratified sam MoreThis study aims to conduct Sociological study of barriers to political development with emphasis on the participatory political culture of Shiraz University students. Data were collected from a statistical sample of 377 students of Shiraz University using stratified sampling method. There is a direct and positive relationship between participatory political culture and political development and a negative relationship between subordinate political culture and limited political culture and political development. On the other hand, there is a negative relationship between the variables of social trust, dialogue culture, individualism, political and social fragmentation, concentration of power sources and participatory political culture. There is a positive relationship between the variables of civic activities, use of mass media, equal social and political opportunities, and participatory political culture. The developed conceptual model has the ability to explain the components of political culture and obstacles to political development. Manuscript profile -
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301 - The Sources of Opposition Parties in the Process of Political Development (Case Study: Goran Party in Kurdistan Region of Iraq)
Safar Valadbaigi sadegh ziba kalam monfared Alireza Azghandi AliAshraf NazariThe Kurdistan region has more than 600 kilometers of common border with Iran, which are culturally and historically compatible and have a deep influence on each other in the field of democracy. The question of the research includes: is the formation of political opposit MoreThe Kurdistan region has more than 600 kilometers of common border with Iran, which are culturally and historically compatible and have a deep influence on each other in the field of democracy. The question of the research includes: is the formation of political opposition in the Kurdistan region a sign of the transition of this region towards democracy or authoritarianism? The hypothesis suggests although the emergence of the opposition is a sign of minimal democracy, its formation, stabilization, and weakening are proof of the authoritarian structure and functioning of the two main parties in this region. The research method is qualitative (library documents). The results show that the formation of the political opposition in the region was a reaction to the authoritarian rule, but at the same time, it was a sign of the movement of the Kurdish society towards a kind of political and party pluralism. Manuscript profile -
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302 - The impact of Persian transfer on Kurd learners’ idiom comprehension: parts of body in focus
Samira Sayadi Bahador Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
303 - A New Approach in Fuzzy Multi Attribute Group Decision Making
Akbar Alam Tabriz Naser Hamidi Farzad PooyanfarIn today’s modern organizations, group decision making is inevitable, and it is in wide use for facilitating participation of managers and personnel. Meanwhile we can’t easily ignore the role of conflict between decision makers. This conflict overshadows key MoreIn today’s modern organizations, group decision making is inevitable, and it is in wide use for facilitating participation of managers and personnel. Meanwhile we can’t easily ignore the role of conflict between decision makers. This conflict overshadows key elements of decision. In fuzzy group multi criteria decision making, it is possible to see conflict in each criteria. So it will be a new Approach in multi criteria decision makings. Conflicts Classifying and facing each level in every criterion makes the base of method which is proposed in this research. Typically, this Approach in the environment would be no crisp, and will need to use reasoning which controls fuzzy environment. This classifying is able to help decision makers in their committee to screen criteria and alternatives on one hand and Third-party intervention on the other hand. At the end of the paper a numeric example from selecting technology for the proposal approach is being mentioned Manuscript profile -
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304 - Bearing Capacity Zoning of Shallow Foundations in District 1 in Shiraz Municipality Using Geographic Information System (GIS)
Sara Afarid alireza Hajiani Boushehriana -
Open Access Article
305 - Deep Excavation Hazard Assessment Zoning in District 1 in Shiraz Municipality Using Geographic Information System (GIS)
Sara Afarid Alireza Hajiani Boushehrian -
Open Access Article
306 - Modeling a Kinetic Smart Shell to Optimize Daylight in a Hot and Semi-Arid Climate (Inspired by the Movement Algorithm of Carnivorous Plant)
Zahra Yarmahmoodi Tahereh Nasr Hamed MoztarzadehAim: Today, with the advancement of technology, buildings have mechanical systems of heating, cooling, etc., which have increased energy consumption. Therefore, to solve this problem, it is suggested to design buildings sustainably. In addition, with the updating of tec MoreAim: Today, with the advancement of technology, buildings have mechanical systems of heating, cooling, etc., which have increased energy consumption. Therefore, to solve this problem, it is suggested to design buildings sustainably. In addition, with the updating of technology, the construction of sustainable buildings has become important, and after that, new concepts of smart buildings have been proposed. Architecture that is designed based on fixed parameters does not react to external factors. Therefore, to reach a responsive architecture, these parameters must be changeable. Non-intelligent buildings cannot change with the path of the sun, wind changes, etc., and this creates a separation between the building and the surrounding environment. Therefore, today there is a need for buildings that adapt to changes in the external environment and learn to adapt using the information given. Also, when the systems achieve adaptability, they have a dynamic character and can respond to external factors, which ultimately increases the system's efficiency.Nature, which has one of the best responsive systems, can be a good model for providing a solution to this problem. The building facade communicates between the interior and the exterior of the building; Therefore, factors such as ventilation, light, cooling, heating, etc. of the building depend on a façade’s performance. Therefore, a facade design which has responsive to external factors can be very important to achieve a green building. In addition, with the correct design of a facade, energy consumption can be reduced and interior space can be provided for the comfort of the residents, which is one of the main goals of building design. Nature itself is made up of different parts which include: human, animal, plant form, and inanimate nature, and also the building has different parts that in this research to limit the title, from nature, the category of plants, and the building, a facade selected for research. The focus of the research is on providing solutions that bring compatibility between architecture and the environment, and finally, the ultimate goal is to provide new and innovative solutions for designing smart facades in buildings. Considering that plants are fixed like buildings with their roots in place, they need to react to external factors, and this reaction is realized with specific movements. In this sense, the plant is very similar to the building that is sewn to the ground and must protect itself from rain, storm, wind, light, etc. For this reason, the current research has investigated a type of plant with an opening and closing movement mechanism to make the facade of the building more intelligent so that a facade can adapt to the outside environment and protect the interior of the building.Finally, with the investigations, the carnivorous plant was chosen as the source of inspiration for this research, and the kinetic algorithm of the plant was analyzed. Because this plant reacts quickly in proximity to the surrounding environment and has a unique movement mechanism. Also, today it has been the attention of researchers from a behavioral point of view. The present research is hybrid and based on theoretical research, concepts, definitions, topics and gathering information from the compatible plant and presenting a program to convert the data related to the plant into the kinetic algorithm of the intelligent shell of the building facade. As a result, an idea to provide a solution with the combination of biology and technology for the climate adaptation of the building shell with the surrounding environment has been proposed, inspired by the adaptation of the plant to the surrounding environment.Method: The research method is modeling-simulation. In this way, the kinetic shell is modeled in Rhino 6 software and Grasshopper plugin and Radiance analysis due to sunlight hitting the shell is obtained by Ladybug plugin. The Daylight simulation is obtained by Honeybee plugin. Shiraz climate data is obtained from Energy Plus softwareResult: The results show that the kinetic shell, inspired by the carnivorous plant's kinetic algorithm is dynamic and adaptable and has the ability to control Radiant analysis and reduce the entry of Daylight up to 30% in the hot seasons of the year. Therefore, the kinetic shell modeled in the current research has a good performance in Shiraz climate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - Evaluation of the influential components of western architectural culture in the modern era on the physical and decorative structure of the Qajar period gardens of Shiraz.
fatemeh nekooeimehr hossein soltanzadeh shervin mirshahzadehDuring the Qajar period, due to Iran's relationship with other countries and the changes that occurred in the cultural and political fields, differences were also created in the thoughts, trends and styles of Iranian art and architecture. These effects, which were mostl MoreDuring the Qajar period, due to Iran's relationship with other countries and the changes that occurred in the cultural and political fields, differences were also created in the thoughts, trends and styles of Iranian art and architecture. These effects, which were mostly seen in the residential buildings of the nobility, have occurred in all the building components from the body to the decorations. This influence was to such an extent that at the end of the Nasrid period, the architectural style of the buildings was a fusion of the traditional architecture of Iran and the West. Therefore, the question is raised, what components of western culture and architecture have influenced the physical and decorative structure of the Qajar period garden mansion in Shiraz? Therefore, in the conducted research, it is tried to investigate the influence of Western architectural art and culture on them by examining the physical and decorative features of the Qajar era gardens in Shiraz city. The combined research design used in this research is the type of alignment design and convergent model. In the qualitative part, a case study Chaharbagh mansions related to the Qajar era in Shiraz city (Eram Bagh mansion, Afifabad Bagh mansion, Narenjestan Qavam Bagh mansion and Manshibashi Bagh mansion) has been done. The relevant data were collected through the researcher's visit and observation of the structures and the registration physical and decorative features in accordance with the research question. The analysis the findings showed that in decoration component, the results qualitative and quantitative findings support each other and show that the elements of western architecture are widely used in the decorative components of these buildings. At the same time, regarding the physical component, although the qualitative findings show the significant presence of western elements in the physical architecture of these buildings, according to the respondents, western architectural elements were seen to some extent in the volume composition and elements of these buildings, but they do not have a strong presence the body of the buildings compared to the decoration components. .As mentioned earlier, the art and architecture of the Qajar era, affected by the currents modernism and the changes and developments of modernism and westernism, took on a new shape and color, and the achievements the modern era can be clearly seen in the buildings and mansions this era. to be Although the Qajar architecture is derived from the traditional architecture of Iran, especially the architecture of the Safavid and Zandiya eras, but at the end of the Qajar era, the elements western architecture can be seen in all parts of the building, especially in the appearance of the building and decorations. Even the use of new materials that were used in Europe were also used abundantly in the buildings of this period.As seen in the theoretical foundations of the research, the art and architecture of the Qajar era was influenced by the art and architecture of the West and European countries, and the trends of the modernity and developments that were the results of the Western modernity era entered Iran in different ways during this period. The art and architecture of this era had an impact. These effects can be seen in the aristocratic houses and mansions built in the big cities of Iran such as Shiraz. In this research, the effects of western art and architecture were investigated in two areas, physical and decorative, in four mansions of Bagh Eshrafi in Shiraz city. First, it was found that physical factors such as extroversion, columns, capitals, and long and wide porches are among the western elements in the examined buildings, but almost all the decorative elements in the buildings are influenced by western art and architecture. They are combined with Iranian decorations.Therefore, according to the examination of the studied samples and the issues raised, it can be said about the influence of Western art and architecture on the architecture of the Qajar period mansions that the mansions built in the city of Shiraz during the Qajar era can be the most He observed the influence of western patterns, especially in the decoration of buildings, and it was such that the closer to the end of this era, the buildings were more oriented towards western architecture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - Design and simulation of plasmonic structure based on suspended graphene sheets For enhancing third harmonic generation.
mohammad javad rahimzacdeh Rahim Ghayour Maryam MohitpourIn this article, based on the nonlinear property of graphene and placing a layer of graphene on a suitable substrate, a plasmonic waveguide based on suspended graphene has been proposed for the first time to enhance third harmonic generation(THG). The role of differen MoreIn this article, based on the nonlinear property of graphene and placing a layer of graphene on a suitable substrate, a plasmonic waveguide based on suspended graphene has been proposed for the first time to enhance third harmonic generation(THG). The role of different parameters of single-layer graphene in resonance properties and nonlinear conductivity of graphene has been determined. It is shown that by changing the electrochemical potential of graphene, it is possible to tune the THG, which is based on the nonlinear properties of monolayer graphene. The finite difference computing method in the time domain (FDTD) has been used for numerical simulation and analysis of the proposed structure in the mid-infrared wavelength range. In our simulations, the conversion efficiency was calculated at about -48.08 dB, which shows a significant increase compared to other sources. Using high quality graphene samples and floating them and finally using Si3N4 dielectric has improved the performance of the proposed structure compared to other references. The result of this work can be used to develop a wide range of important applications such as new frequency generation, signal processing, chemical sensing and switches in the MIR frequency range. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Study on Quantitative Characteristics of Three Promising Cotton Genotypes in Country Moderate Regions (Khodafarin)
M.B. Khorshidi Benam O. AlishahFor recognizing exotic high performance genotypes, three new hybrid cotton genotypes (tbl180, Teskhi-9 and Cri108) were compared with control (Sahel) in a RCBD with four replicates at Khodafarin in 2012 and 2013. Genotypes were planted in six rows in 80×20 cm arra MoreFor recognizing exotic high performance genotypes, three new hybrid cotton genotypes (tbl180, Teskhi-9 and Cri108) were compared with control (Sahel) in a RCBD with four replicates at Khodafarin in 2012 and 2013. Genotypes were planted in six rows in 80×20 cm arrangement. Attributes like yield, homogeneity, boll number, plant weight and plant height were measured. Results showed that year×genotypes interaction for lint yield in both first and second cuts and total, and homogeneity were significant. Differences between two cuts were not significant in all genotypes. The results also revealed that Teskhi-9 having lowes TOL and highest STI values was recognized to be the most adaptable genotype as compared with other two genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - Evaluation of Maize Response to Less Irrigation Management Using SWAP Model
Ebrahim Amiri Fahimeh ShirshahiThis study was conducted to evaluate the response of hybrid varieties of maize (single cross 260) under drip irrigation treatments in the Fars province in 2012 and 2013 at the Experimental Field of Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. Irrigation levels were 20, 40, 60 and MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the response of hybrid varieties of maize (single cross 260) under drip irrigation treatments in the Fars province in 2012 and 2013 at the Experimental Field of Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. Irrigation levels were 20, 40, 60 and 80% deplection of moisture contents and experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design. The triats measured were leaf area index, dry matter yield and total biomass in 2012 and the measurements were repeated in 2013 to validate the use of SWAP model. The results showed that simulated yield changes by the use of model, at different levels of irrigation levels in the farm, corresponded with the yield changes in the field. Statistical indices including correlation coefficient (greater than 0.9), t-test (greater than 0.05), the root mean square error and normalized root mean square error (RMSEn) equal to 1.9-6.9, indicate good performance for grain yield and total biomass by using the SWAP model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - The Analysis of Relationship between Perception of Social Safety and Social Isolation (Case Study: Students of Shiraz University)
dorna salamatian Masoud KhaliliSocial isolation prevents constructive partnership of people in society. Since the perception of social safety is one of the critical variables affecting social isolation, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the perception of social safety a MoreSocial isolation prevents constructive partnership of people in society. Since the perception of social safety is one of the critical variables affecting social isolation, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the perception of social safety and social isolation among students of Shiraz University. The statistical population was all students of Shiraz University. Using Cochran formula, 411 people were determined as sample size and selected using cluster sampling. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire that was compiled by using the scales of perception of social safety and social isolation. The findings indicate a reverse and significant relationship between social isolation and the variables of age and dimensions of perception of social safety (perception of economical security, Perception of Political Security, perception of judicial security, perception of psychological security and Perception of Public Security); also, the variables of gender, marital status, educational level, social class and place of residence had significant differences with social isolation; but the field of study did not show a significant difference between students' social isolation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - Investigating the Effect of Cultural and Economic Capital on the Political Culture of Shiraz’s Citizens (with an Emphasis on a Comparative Study of the Individuals Born before and after 1980s)
Shahrokh Amiri Alireza Khoddami Keramatollah RasekhOne of the prerequisites influencing the transition to democracy is the political culture which is a very important indicator. According to some thinkers, political culture is a function of conditions, including economic, social, and cultural supports. The present study MoreOne of the prerequisites influencing the transition to democracy is the political culture which is a very important indicator. According to some thinkers, political culture is a function of conditions, including economic, social, and cultural supports. The present study deals with such presumption as the effectiveness of the cultural-economic capital in the political culture’s enhancement in Shiraz. The study method and the data collection method are respectively exploratory and survey. Use has been made of multistep cluster sampling herein. The survey was conducted on 382 individuals who had been born before the 1980s and 382 individuals who had been born after the 1980s. the study instrument is SPSS Software. The study findings and results indicated that there is a significant relationship between the cultural capital and economic capital of the two generations. Moreover, various types of political culture significantly differ between the two generations. Furthermore, there was found a negative and significant difference between cultural-economic capital and limited and subordinate political culture amongst the two generations. On the other hand, the corroboration of the cultural-economic capital brings about growth and blossoming in the participatory political culture between the two generations as evidenced in the hypotheses tests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - Providing a model for mentoring new teachers in the country's educational system based on the data theory of the foundation from the perspective of sociology of education
Parvaneh Niroomand jafar ghahramani Abolfazl Gasemzadeh AlishahiThere are different types of employee training, all of which are done to improve the level of knowledge, awareness, technical, professional and job skills, as well as to create desirable behavior in the employees of an organization. The aim of this study was to provide MoreThere are different types of employee training, all of which are done to improve the level of knowledge, awareness, technical, professional and job skills, as well as to create desirable behavior in the employees of an organization. The aim of this study was to provide a suitable model for mentoring new teachers in the country's educational system in the form of a systematic model and using the data theory of the foundation. In this study, a combined method was used to collect data. The statistical population consisted of a number of specialists in the field of educational management, experienced teachers and specialists in the field of education, and in the quantitative part, new teachers. Sampling was performed in a targeted manner. The main tool for data collection was a researcher-made quantitative part of the questionnaire. In the qualitative part of the research, semi-structured interviews with theoretical saturation were used and the findings were analyzed by MAX-QDA software (18) and finally a paradigm model of mentoring new teachers was designed. Based on the findings, mentoring has individual, organizational and extra-organizational dimensions. According to the obtained results, causal conditions, central categories, context, strategies, intervention conditions and consequences of mentoring new teachers were extracted using the data theory theory of the foundation.Conflict of interest: According to the authors, the article did not have any conflict of interest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - The Study of third and fifth development programs in the economic section from the discourse analysis perspective of Laclau and Muffe
Mohammad Abbasszadeh Rahim Zayer KabaThe reality is that all nations try to expand development through pre-plan programs. That is why offering a key and basic plan as a road map by nations cannot be easily ignored. What is considered as a share part in the nations programs is to focus on economic programs, MoreThe reality is that all nations try to expand development through pre-plan programs. That is why offering a key and basic plan as a road map by nations cannot be easily ignored. What is considered as a share part in the nations programs is to focus on economic programs, in other words, concerning to economic issues in development Plans is one of the requirements and policies of development plans of a country. This paper has examined the economic sector of the third and fifth development Plans with discourse analysis. In this study discourse analysis of Laclau and Muffe were used. Third development plan relates to the reformist discourse. It emphasized on the signs of "economic relations with foreign countries", "decentralization of government" and "the participation of non-governmental sector (private and cooperative)", while in contrast, the fifth development plan relates to fundamentalist discourse. It is based on sign of "resilience economy", "targeted subsidies", "tax and public incomes", "modify consumption patterns" and "Islamic economy". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - Effective Socio- economic factors on job satisfaction (Case Study: The secondary school principals in Shiraz)
Keramatollah Rasekh Farah MoslehpourThe purpose of this study is to examine the effective socio-economic factors on school principals’ job satisfaction in Shiraz. The method of the study is survey and theoretical basis of the study is based on the views of Maslow and Herzberg. The effects of gender, MoreThe purpose of this study is to examine the effective socio-economic factors on school principals’ job satisfaction in Shiraz. The method of the study is survey and theoretical basis of the study is based on the views of Maslow and Herzberg. The effects of gender, age, occupation, education level, employment status, marital status, number of persons in household, home, salary, work, decision-making and job status on principles’ job satisfaction have been examined. The data were collected from 91 participants by cluster sampling method using the researcher -made questionnaire in the form of Likert scale and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, t-test, bivariate regression and multiple regression. The results show that, variables of participation in decision-making, area of service location and job dignity explain about 56 % of job satisfaction in the workplace. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - Sociological examination of fertility biotechnologies in maternal issues
Amir Masoud Amir Mazaheri Mansore SharifiMotherhood experience is not unified in infertile women and it can be divided to three types of social motherhood, biological motherhood and genetic motherhood. In each of infertility treatments, the unified dimensions of this experience are flawed. This study examines MoreMotherhood experience is not unified in infertile women and it can be divided to three types of social motherhood, biological motherhood and genetic motherhood. In each of infertility treatments, the unified dimensions of this experience are flawed. This study examines the help of fertility biotechnologies in maternal issue. Thus treatments in which the third person enters to the treatment process, have more complex social dimensions than treatments without the need for the third person. In this study, "fertility biotechnologies as the pain experience" was examined, and "donation intermediary" and "reasons and motivations of donation and its social consequences" were extended and analyzed. The study concludes that in the treatment of infertility whether with feminine or masculine origins, not only the main burden of physical side effects is for women, but also, the social burden of biotechnologies in treatment is affected women. So, what is considered as the motherhood phenomenon is also viewed in infertility treatments. However, due to the men's greater control over the economic resources of the family, in many cases, the final decision on starting or continuing the treatment process through fertility biotechnologies, is made by men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - A Comparative Study of the Relationship between Teacher's Social Capital and Their Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment among the Employed and Hired Teachers of Maragheh during the Academic Year 1388-89.
Siroos Fakhraie Mehdi AsadiThe aim of this research is to make a comparative investigation on the relationship between social capital and job satisfaction and operational commitment of employed and hired teachers. Social capital, and job satisfaction and organizational commitment are of great im MoreThe aim of this research is to make a comparative investigation on the relationship between social capital and job satisfaction and operational commitment of employed and hired teachers. Social capital, and job satisfaction and organizational commitment are of great importance in development and social welfare. The study is of survey type and the research instrument is a questionnaire. The statistical population consists of 250 employed and hired teachers of Maragheh during the academic during the academic year 1388-89 by simple and stratified random sampling. The independent variable of the research is social capital and its dimensions, and the dependent variables are job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The obtained results shows a significant difference between the mentioned variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Jurisprudential and legal review of the third party obligation to pay the wife's dowry
behnam ghanbarporامروزه مسائل پیرامون مهریه در جامعه، یکی از چالشیترین مباحث حوزه حقوق خانواده به شمار میرود و افزایش نرخ آمار زندانیان مهریه از یک سو و محقق نشدن وصول مهریه از سوی زنان به واسطه فقدان توانایی مالی همسر و یا اثبات اعسار و تقسیط آن از سوی دیگر سبب بروز مشکلات فراوانی د Moreامروزه مسائل پیرامون مهریه در جامعه، یکی از چالشیترین مباحث حوزه حقوق خانواده به شمار میرود و افزایش نرخ آمار زندانیان مهریه از یک سو و محقق نشدن وصول مهریه از سوی زنان به واسطه فقدان توانایی مالی همسر و یا اثبات اعسار و تقسیط آن از سوی دیگر سبب بروز مشکلات فراوانی در این خصوص در محاکم خانواده شده است، این پژوهش که به روش توصیفی و تحلیلی تهیه و تنظیم شده است، در صدد بوده تا بتواند برای رفع این مشکلات راهکارهایی را ارائه کند، بنابراین راهکار استفاده از ظرفیت شخص ثالث و تعهد ثالث به پرداخت مهریه در این خصوص مطرح گردید. یافتهها و نتایج پژوهش نیز نشان داد که با توجه به پشتوانه فقهی موضوع از یک سو و انطباق آن با پشتوانه مبانیهای حقوقی از جمله ماده 10 قانون مدنی و اصل حاکمیت اراده و آزادی قراردادها، میتوان این مساله را به عنوان یک راهکار در مساله مهریه پذیرفت ومیتواند راهگشای زوجینی باشد که به هر علت، زندگی مشترک آنها با چالش روبرو شده و موضوع مهریه یکی از آن چالشها میباشد.؛لذا به کارگیری این راهکارعلاوه برآن که موجبات وصول مهریه زوجه را فراهم خواهد نمود، مقدمات تعدیل مهریه را جامعه رقم خواهد زد؛ زیرا متعهد هرچند پدر زوج باشد ضمانت از مهریه نامتعارف و سنگین نخواهد کرد Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - Examining the jurisprudential rule of tasbib in creating a guarantee for third parties in vehicle accidents
ramez abedi parvin akbarine Ali gharibeIn traffic accidents , liability is attributed to the person who is directly involved in the chain of legal acts , and is the perpetrator of the offence ( recklessness, negligence, lack of skills , and failure to observe governmental rules) according to the doctrine of MoreIn traffic accidents , liability is attributed to the person who is directly involved in the chain of legal acts , and is the perpetrator of the offence ( recklessness, negligence, lack of skills , and failure to observe governmental rules) according to the doctrine of fault ( with certain exceptions) . There are no provisions in Iranian Law for civil liability of third parties(owner, possessor, contractor , etc. ) who provides the vehicle to a person without a driving license . However , civil liability for such persons is expected according to the religious principle of "causation ,” which follows the sequence of other causes . In other words , although these persons were not directly involved in the accident, their action in “providing the vehicle” is a prelude and cause for the act . This article will evaluate such a cause in a sequence of other causes according to the religious principle of causation.The result of the present research shows that basically third parties (owners, occupiers, employers, dependents, etc.) are responsible for the occurrence of an accident and, accordingly, they are responsible for compensating for the damage caused by the legal and jurisprudential basis and as a cause during the causes. It is an accident. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - State and Political Development in Malaysia
Reza ShirzadiMalaysia is one of the Asian southeast countries which began its socioeconomic development after the Second World War and particularly during 1970’s. This country applied the exact economic management and used the development experience of the first generation in MoreMalaysia is one of the Asian southeast countries which began its socioeconomic development after the Second World War and particularly during 1970’s. This country applied the exact economic management and used the development experience of the first generation in the region (Japan and south Korea), foreign investment and free enterprise system in its road to development and it is today one of the developed Muslim nations. Though, this nations, as of yet, is not politically as democratic as developed nations, however, it increasingly marching toward a more democratic political system. This article aims to present argument on the process of economic and political development Malaysia Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - The Effective Time for Heir's Permission in the Testamentary Disposition of more than One - Third of the Estate
mohammad alemzadeh mohammad alemzadehIn case in which the testator dispose of more than one - third of the estate, with respect of majority of Imamiyeh jurisprudence view, the heir's permission is non ‌returnable but it has been said that the heir's permission is returnable on the ground, that, they ha MoreIn case in which the testator dispose of more than one - third of the estate, with respect of majority of Imamiyeh jurisprudence view, the heir's permission is non ‌returnable but it has been said that the heir's permission is returnable on the ground, that, they have not any possession on the testator's properties during his living time. Article 843 of Iran's Civil Code provided that: the testamentary disposition of more than one-third of the estate is not valid, except with the permission of the heirs and if some of the heirs agree, the disposition applies only to the share of those heirs. In the interpretation of mentioned article some of lawyers believe that with respect of generality of this article, the heir permission at the testator living time is non‌returnable but some of the other lawyers have said that heir's permission is returnable until testator death time and after death it doesn't need new permission and it isn't returnable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - The Sanction for Breach of Contractual Obligations in Detriment of Third Parties
Reza Fotohi Rad Seyyed Mohammad Ghaboli Saeed MohseniAccording to the principle of privity of contract and that the contract does not establish any right or obligation with respect to third parties except in exceptional cases, this question arises that if breach of contractual obligation result in damages to the third par MoreAccording to the principle of privity of contract and that the contract does not establish any right or obligation with respect to third parties except in exceptional cases, this question arises that if breach of contractual obligation result in damages to the third parties what action or actions they can to do to prevent the losses or to claim compensation of damages? This study after analysis of different aspects about this issue, has achieved to this consequence that in cases that the sole solution for the prevention of damages to the third parties is binding the promisor to specific performance of contract, using such solution by the third party does not face any barrier. Moreover, in the case of occurrence of damages to the third party, he/she can exploit some rules such as deception and causation to claim the damages from the promisor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - Representation of third party beneficiary exceptions in the contract
Parviz BagheriReciting of the Third Party Beneficiary Exceptions in the Contract The privity of contract principle, ascertains that the effect of the agreement only puts on the parties of that contract. In the other word, the effectiveness of the contract only goes to the part MoreReciting of the Third Party Beneficiary Exceptions in the Contract The privity of contract principle, ascertains that the effect of the agreement only puts on the parties of that contract. In the other word, the effectiveness of the contract only goes to the parties and their legal representatives. However, there exist some exceptions to this principle which the scope will be determined by the contract itself or by the law on the ground of third party beneficiary. Beneficiary is among the conditions of the dispute submitted to the court. This condition and the capacity of the plaintiff are the fundamental conditions in which the Iranian legislator encounters with challenges. Among the new challenges of the third party beneficiary in contract, is the era of intellectual property of patent law pooland licence contract. The question here is that how can be possible to apply the third party beneficiary in such contracts? The fuduli (unauthorized) arrangement of the others’ property and its sale is the other issues that need to be more scrutinized in the matter of beneficiary. Another question is that is beneficiary in third party beneficiary distanced from the privity of contract principle? Such as; the beneficent of the third party in the case of third party obligation, because according to this principle this is a right for the parties and the third person does not have such a right. The present paper tries to open a new horizon to the beneficiary in the contract and discuss the existed challenges and find suitable answers to the mentioned questions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - Examining the claim of entering and attracting a third party in Iranian and American law (federal)
Alireza Sotudeh ali pourjavaheri Ali Jamadi Darush BabaeEvery lawsuit has two parties, the plaintiff and the main defendant; Maybe some people like the lawyer, executor, guardian, heirs, or deputy are also involved in the lawsuit, but they actually enter the lawsuit as the main plaintiff and defendant. If other than the plai MoreEvery lawsuit has two parties, the plaintiff and the main defendant; Maybe some people like the lawyer, executor, guardian, heirs, or deputy are also involved in the lawsuit, but they actually enter the lawsuit as the main plaintiff and defendant. If other than the plaintiff and the main defendant (their dependents), another person is also a beneficiary in the lawsuit, he should enter the lawsuit under the title of "third party"; "Third-party entry" or "Third-party acquisition" will have special provisions. The results of this research showed that in Iranian law, the conditions for filing the said lawsuit are not mentioned in the legal articles related to the third-party claim. But there are two related conditions or the same origin. In order to file these lawsuits, the American legislator has provided three conditions of a common action or legal event, a common judicial or subject matter, and having an interest in the main issue to file these three lawsuits. These conditions of the American federal law are similar to the Iranian procedural law. . Regarding the third entry, the situation is slightly different. The third party cannot always be considered as a defendant, which has been proven both in Iran's civil procedure and in the American federal law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - Legal-Judicial Investigation of the Impact of Termination of Transaction Based on Subsequent Transaction
Reza Zarei Leila RahimiThe main axis of this writing and what causes dispute are that in some cases after the fact of two or more successive transactions towards the object of transaction, the transferor of ownership measures for termination of base transaction. Lawyers and tribunals have not MoreThe main axis of this writing and what causes dispute are that in some cases after the fact of two or more successive transactions towards the object of transaction, the transferor of ownership measures for termination of base transaction. Lawyers and tribunals have not consensus in confronting such a case and concerning the circumstances of possession of first purchaser and consecutive possessors, so they issue contradictory judgments that will harm the rights of the third party beneficiary. Hesitation about set of related articles to this subject in civil code especially article 454 and also scrutiny in scholars and lawyers make it clear that legislature follows opinions of lawyers and scholars that separate legal options and contractual options from each other and makes his possessions not operative but it should be noted about executing legal options by beneficiary of an option that the above - mentioned possession is in lieu of property destruction of contract subject due to validity of possessions by the customer. Therefore, vendor is merely entitled of counterfeit. We tried to consider that various promises and divergence of Islamic jurisprudence and subjected law are classified according to nature of aforesaid possession. They are analyzed by explaining foundations and their side effects and relying on legal provisions and rules and they are also explained correctly. So, the influence of the present analyze on application step (judicial precedent) is undeniable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - A Comparative Study of Hiring of Persons with Employment Contracts, Reward Contract (Jualah), and Contract-Work under Iranian Legislation and Islamic Jurisprudence
Abolfazl Sobhikamal Gholamali seifiAn employment relation can be classified under such terms as employment contract, reward contract, or contract work based on the related rules and regulations of hiring of persons. Since the inquiries about the disputes related to some of these contracts is within the a MoreAn employment relation can be classified under such terms as employment contract, reward contract, or contract work based on the related rules and regulations of hiring of persons. Since the inquiries about the disputes related to some of these contracts is within the authority of certain judicial and administrative specialists, and due to the fact that the succession of decrees and effects of each of these relations becomes the reference for the drawee in the recognition of their duties including the reference to another authority or establishing its competence over the probe into the nature of the disputes and decision on the respective measures and criteria of the procedure, it is essential to formulate proper definition of each of the aforementioned relations and also the results and effects of each. This paper is dedicated to a description of the following terms: hiring of persons, employment contract, reward contract, and contract work, and using a deductive- analytical method examines the similarities and differences among them and concludes that employment contract is a developed form of hiring of persons and contract work is some form of reward contract. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - A Contemplation on the Disposition by Heirless People of the excess of One-third of their Property according to Shiite Jurisprudence and Iranian Law
Abolfazl Alishahi Ghalejoghi Saleh SaadatOn the basis of Imamieh jurisprudence and the law of Iran, the testator has the right to dispose of a maximum of one third of his property. The criterion for calculating such one third is the property left over at the time of death. If he pledges an excess of one-third, MoreOn the basis of Imamieh jurisprudence and the law of Iran, the testator has the right to dispose of a maximum of one third of his property. The criterion for calculating such one third is the property left over at the time of death. If he pledges an excess of one-third, it will be legally permissible subject to the heir’s permission. Therefore, in presence of their permission, the will is valid and, in the absence of such a permission, the disposition of the excess will be null and void. However, the question rises what if a person has no legal heirs; can he bequeath more than one third of his property? In the Iran's applicable law, the lawmakers have not explicitly stated a decree, which has led to a brief and ambiguous rule in this regard. Since the solution to the ambiguity of the legal material, subject to the Article 167 of the Constitution and Article 3 of the Code of Civil Procedure, should be derived from the credible Islamic authorities or reliable fatawa, therefore, this research seeks to study the credible sources of jurisprudence and the views of the jurists, while providing a definitive ruling on the problem and eliminating the ambiguous rules of the law to conclude that according to the jurisprudential foundations, if a person of no heirs has disposed of his property by a will, such disposition shall not be limited to one-third, and that such disposition may cover all of his estate. However, it was concluded that such disposition shall not preclude the fact that Imam (a.s.) is considered as the heir, because such succession of Imam to the propery of the diseased will hold if there are no heir and no will. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - Transactions with the right of informal restitution with a jurisprudential attitude
Ali Talebi Najatullah Abrahamian mansor aminiSince in the judicial procedure of Iran, the current government considers ordinary documents as valid, many people conclude a transaction with the right of extradition through an ordinary document in order to escape from the restrictions stipulated in Article 34 of the MoreSince in the judicial procedure of Iran, the current government considers ordinary documents as valid, many people conclude a transaction with the right of extradition through an ordinary document in order to escape from the restrictions stipulated in Article 34 of the Registration Law. Some judges, referring to the provisions of the Civil Law regarding conditional sale, consider the transaction with the right of restitution to be valid, and some others subject this transaction to the provisions of Article 34 of the Registration Law. In terms of balance of exchange, this article identifies two different types of transaction with normal restitution rights: transactions that are subject to a valid exchange contract in terms of the principles of exchange contracts and contracts that do not have the characteristics of an exchange contract. Judges should recognize the transaction with the right of restitution in the event that it falls under the characteristics of the sale of a real condition, and refrain from recognizing the transaction with the right of virtual and unreal restitution, and include these transactions in the mortgage contract to protect the creditor or the buyer Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - Induced defense responses and control of blue mold of apple fruit by Zaatar (Zataria multiflora) extract
Pedram Alimosazadeh Syed javad Sanei Abdol Hossein TaheriBlue mold, caused by Penicillium expansum, is considered one of the most serious postharvest diseases of apple fruits. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of thyme methanol extract to control the postharvest blue mold of apple fruit and its possible modes o MoreBlue mold, caused by Penicillium expansum, is considered one of the most serious postharvest diseases of apple fruits. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of thyme methanol extract to control the postharvest blue mold of apple fruit and its possible modes of action through on induction of biochemical defense mechanisms. In this study, the effect of thyme methanol extract was tested on spore germination and colony growth in vitro and peroxidase activity and total phenolic in fruit tissue were evaluated by calorimetric assay. The results showed the inhibitory activity of thyme extract on P. expansum. The extract with 8-20 µg/ml concentrations had 17-33% and 24-36% inhibition of spore germination and colony growth diameter, respectively. Thyme extract decreased blue mold area by 23.63-61.20% and the most effective extract was at 13.88 mg/ml concentration. The relationship between time and thyme extract concentration in relation to decay area was described by the quadratic model. Fruits treated with thyme extract had significantly higher phenolic content and peroxidase activity than the control fruits. The highest content of phenolic compounds and peroxidase activity were achieved in the 6th and 9th days after inoculation. The results of the induction of resistance in this study suggest that the natural products used have the potential for use in the integrated management of blue mold. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - Analysis of chemical properties and determination of two preservatives in industrial Dough consumed in Shiraz
M. Abbasvali H. Taleb Najafabadi A. Falah MehrjerdiThis study was conducted to determine the quantity of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate in 61 industrial dough samples (16 different brands with a different production date) in Shiraz market. Moreover, chemical characteristics of the samples (pH, SNF, fat and salt c MoreThis study was conducted to determine the quantity of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate in 61 industrial dough samples (16 different brands with a different production date) in Shiraz market. Moreover, chemical characteristics of the samples (pH, SNF, fat and salt content) were determined. The mean concentrations of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate were 31.84 and 31.83 mg/kg, respectively. Based on Iranian National Standard (No 2453), none of these preservatives are permitted to be used in the dough. According to the results, 73.8% and 85.3% of the samples contained potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate, respectively and consequently inappropriate for consumption. Moreover, pH, salt, fat and SNF contents in 100%, 95.1%, 70.5% and 100% of the samples were found in the acceptable limit, respectively. Among the samples, 11.5% had potassium sorbate and 23% had sodium benzoate, and 62.3% contained both of the preservatives. There was no significant correlation between the concentration of sodium benzoate and the shelf life of the samples. However, there was a significant correlation between the concentration of potassium sorbate and the shelf life (r= 0.37, p= 0.001). Despite the Iranian National Standard legislation, presence of these chemical preservatives in dough could be a public health concern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - A comparative study of Vanadium and Nickel levels in muscles of male and female Indian white prawn (Fenneropenaeusindicus) in market Shiraz in 2011
آمنه Kargar امید Tabiee مهرداد Cheraghi بهاره LorestaniThis study was conducted to determine the concentration of Vanadium (V) and Nickel (Ni) in the edible muscle tissues in male and female Fenneropenaeusindicus. For determination of the concentration of heavy metals in muscle tissues of edible Indian prawn in Shiraz city MoreThis study was conducted to determine the concentration of Vanadium (V) and Nickel (Ni) in the edible muscle tissues in male and female Fenneropenaeusindicus. For determination of the concentration of heavy metals in muscle tissues of edible Indian prawn in Shiraz city in autumn of 2011, 120 samples have been obtained randomly from Shiraz retail. Preparation and analysis of samples were performed by standard method using Atomic Absorption (Varian V10-ES) and then the concentrations of the heavy metals were compared with the recommended international standard. In this study the mean concentration of V in muscle of male and female were estimated at 1.06 ± 0.64 and 0.76 ± 0.54 mgKg-1, respectively. However, the concentration of Ni in muscle of male and female was determined as 8.1 ± 1.173 and 9.1 ± 0.79 mgKg-1, respectively. The analysis of the data showed that the concentration of Ni in the muscle of male and female samples had significant difference (P<0.05). In this study, concentration levels of metals in the muscle tissues were above the acceptable limit established by WHO and FAO. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - Histopathologic study of the effect of low level Gallium-Arsenide laser on healing of grade 3 cutaneous burns in the rat
siamand bastani علی rezaeiThe healing of burn wounds has always attracted attention due to disruption of the healing process which leads to prolonged recovery period. Therefore, the quest for finding clinically effective wound-healing agents is important in the medical management of burn wounds. MoreThe healing of burn wounds has always attracted attention due to disruption of the healing process which leads to prolonged recovery period. Therefore, the quest for finding clinically effective wound-healing agents is important in the medical management of burn wounds. This study was conducted to investigate the morphometric and histopathologic effects of laser therapy on healing of third degree burns in rats. For this purpose, 64 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to four treatment groups consisting of Group 1: low level laser therapy (11.7 energy/cm2), Group 2: high level laser therapy (17.5 energy/cm2), Group 3: treatment with nitrofurazone ointment and Group 4: control. Burn wounds were created in all treatment groups by placing a 22 mm cylinder connected to a kettle containing 5 liters of hot water on the skin for 3 seconds. Histopathologic examination confirmed the creation of third degree burn wounds. Gallium-Arsenide laser was used in the study. Histopathologic examination was performed on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days. Morphometric evaluations indicated significantly increased wound contraction in laser treated animals particularly in group 1 compared to control group. Also in both laser treated groups, reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased angiogenesis and presence of fibroblasts along with increase in the thickness of epithelium was observed. The results showed significantly improved wound healing in laser treated groups in comparison to nitrofurazone treated and control groups on all evaluation times indicating the wound healing effects of laser therapy on third degree cutaneous burns of rats. Conflict of interest: None declared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - Parasitologic and histopathologic study of probiotic effect of Bacillus subtilis in experimental contamination with Ichthyophthirius multifilis parasite in goldfish
hossein Hashemzade Farhang Monireh Khordadmehr Soulmaz Hemmatpur Parisa ShahbaziIchthyophthirius multifiliis is one of the most important ectoparasites in ornamental fish causing economic losses. Although many different methods are being applied to reduce the prevalence of the disease but it is recommended to adopt preventive methods such as using MoreIchthyophthirius multifiliis is one of the most important ectoparasites in ornamental fish causing economic losses. Although many different methods are being applied to reduce the prevalence of the disease but it is recommended to adopt preventive methods such as using immune stimulative materials like probiotics to support immune system of fish. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Bacillus subtilis probiotic on experimental infection of gold fish by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. In order to do the research, 32 nearly same sized gold fish was used in two groups of 16 fish as the control and treatment groups and then the treatment group fishes was fed with Bacillus subtilis probiotic enriched pellets for eight weeks and after this time, the groups were experimentally infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis parasite and were tested for parasitological and histopathological purposes. Parasitological examinations revealed that the infection rate of the parasitic disease was significantly lower (P<0.05) in the treated group compared to the control group, in such a manner that the number of the parasites were 107 and 276 in the treatment and control groups, respectively. Histopathological examinations also showed that the fish in the control group had more lesions than the treated group (P<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - Study of the prevalence of parasitical skin infections of rainbow trout (250 – 300gr) in commercial fish farms of East Azarbaijan province
حسین Hashemzadeh Sh Notash مسعود SaeediParasitic infestations constitute an important part of aquatic animal diseases. In order to study the prevalence of parasitic skin infections of rainbow trouts in mordad of 1385, 5 breeding farms were selected and 386 rainbow trouts with the body weight of 250-300 gr we MoreParasitic infestations constitute an important part of aquatic animal diseases. In order to study the prevalence of parasitic skin infections of rainbow trouts in mordad of 1385, 5 breeding farms were selected and 386 rainbow trouts with the body weight of 250-300 gr were collected randomly from each farm and examined. Of the 1930 examined specimens of 5 farms in this study, 14 were infected by Ichthyophthirius sp. (0.7%), 890 by Trichodina sp. (46.1%), 41 by Dactylogyrus sp. (2.1%), 111 by Gyrodactylus sp. (508%) and 874 were without any parasitic infections (45.3%). The highest infection rate belonged to Trichodina sp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - The Study of the Relationship Between Study Habits And Educational Self-efficacy, academic performance in Babol third grade Guidanc School Students
Hossien Nazari Shaker Kazem Fath Tabar Firozjayi Mohammad Reza KeramatiIn this study the relationship between study habits and educational self-efficacy, and academic performance third grade guidance school students in the academic year 2010-2011 has been examined 180 students (90 girls and 90 boys) were chosen as our sample size by MoreIn this study the relationship between study habits and educational self-efficacy, and academic performance third grade guidance school students in the academic year 2010-2011 has been examined 180 students (90 girls and 90 boys) were chosen as our sample size by random cluster sampling method. The data were gathered by Morgan-Jinks self-efficacy questionnaire (1999), and palsane and sharma study habits inventory (PSSHI). correlation coefficient model, T-test, and stepwise regression were used to determine. The relationship between variables, comparing girls and boys, and determining the forecast of variables, respectively. The results of the study showed that academic performance of students was correlated with 4 subscales of study habits (“talent” and “effort” subscales in 0.01, “memory” subscale in 0.01, and “try” subscale in 0.05 level of significance). There was no significant difference between two genders in study variables. The results of stepwise regression showed that subscales of talent, memory, physical status, and note-taking can explain 0.25 of academic performance variance among girls; only two subscales (talent and memory) can explain 0.16 of academic performance variance among boys. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - Effectiveness of Problem Solving Training on Dysfunctional Attitudes and Irrational Beliefs of Third Grade-High School Students in Sanandaj
Hassan Garibi Sara Javanmardi Changiz RostamiThe current study was designed to determine the effectiveness of problem solving training on dysfunctional attitudes and irrational beliefs of third grade-high school students. This research, in terms of purpose, is an applied inquiry and in terms of implementation is q MoreThe current study was designed to determine the effectiveness of problem solving training on dysfunctional attitudes and irrational beliefs of third grade-high school students. This research, in terms of purpose, is an applied inquiry and in terms of implementation is quasi-experimental with pre-post test that was executed among high school female students in Sanandaj in 2015. The sampling method was based on random multi-phase clustering. The sample included in two the experimental and control groups randomly selected, each containing 15 people. After selecting the participants and assigning them to the experimental and control groups, the researcher did not provide the control group with any training but the experimental group received 10 one-hour problem solving training sessions based on Hepner and Peterson problem solving skills. In order to collect the data, the irrational beliefs Questionnaire of Jones, and Wisemanʼs Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale have been used. At the end of the experiment, the post test was performed in the experimental and control groups. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics such as the mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics such as ANCOVA and MANCOVA were used. The results indicated that problem solving skills training affect the dysfunctional attitudes and irrational beliefs, such that the attitudes and irrational beliefs decreased as the problem solving skills improved. Also, the covariance analysis results indicated that by eliminating the effectss of the scores of the subgroups of irrational beliefs in the pre-test as a covariate variable, the main effect of training on the scores of irrational beliefs in all dimensions in the post-test is significant Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Development
Seyed mehdi AlvaniIn the present circumstances and from the economic, political, and cultural perspectives, governments' objectives cannot be attained without the participation and cooperation of all the people. The shaping of non-governmental organizations or “third parties” MoreIn the present circumstances and from the economic, political, and cultural perspectives, governments' objectives cannot be attained without the participation and cooperation of all the people. The shaping of non-governmental organizations or “third parties” is rooted in the need for cooperation between the state and society. Without augmenting the government's size, these organizations strive to solicit the help of the people, the government and the private sector in order to pave the way for social growth and development. The present article seeks to introduce the nature, concept, and types of non-governmental organizations, while delineating their role in development. Moreover, the effective management of these organizations is described by the author. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - Detection of the blood hemoglobin using an electro-optical biosensor based on a structurally chiral medium
Amir Madani Nadia Ghorani Samad Roshan Entezar -
Open Access Article
339 - Social Factors Affecting on Drugs Abuse:( Slum Dwellers in Shiraz -Iran)
Keramatollah Rasekh Tayebe Allapanazadeh -
Open Access Article
340 - A Study on the Socio – Economic Factors Involving in Acculturation of the Students: (A Case Study of the Pre - University Students in Shiraz)
Golamreza Jafarinia Asad Khaledy -
Open Access Article
341 - Explaining the urban model of the historical context of Shiraz in order to investigate the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context
peyman bahramifar vahid ghobadian Mahnaz mahmoodi zarandiFrom the general opinions about the patterns of urban design expressed by many theorists, the evolutionary process of the concept of urban objects can be formulated in the form of 3 patterns according to different styles of urban design: 1. Aesthetic/decorative style 2. MoreFrom the general opinions about the patterns of urban design expressed by many theorists, the evolutionary process of the concept of urban objects can be formulated in the form of 3 patterns according to different styles of urban design: 1. Aesthetic/decorative style 2. Functional/software. Model-oriented 3. Sensory/contextual model. The most important feature of "cosmetic/decorative urban body" is to understand the urban body as a two-dimensional view of the wall, and basically two-dimensional walls that rarely communicate with the surrounding spatial structure and are like a thin and luxurious dress that covers the city. It has been said that the walls in question decorate the city, cover its ugliness and in a way give beauty and art to the city. But on the other hand, the most important feature of the functional/program-oriented urban body model is to stay away from it. The concept of a two-dimensional wall is presented in the form of a three-dimensional spatial structure, and the understanding of the urban environment is usually defined as a three-dimensional object under the title of "spatial model" and finally theoretical foundations. The "perceptual/contextual urban body" can be found in postmodern theories, phenomenological studies, and environmental perception studies, which practically created a new type of aesthetics that can be called "perceptual or phenomenological aesthetics". In this body model, it is viewed not only from the eyes of the head, which is mentioned in the aesthetic/decorative and functional/program oriented urban body model, but also from the eyes of the mind and the eyes of the heart.The form obtained from the combination of the three views mentioned. In this research, the classification of urban patterns in the architecture of historical bodies in the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context was discussed. Discussion Also, in this research, urban styles in the construction of buildings in historical context were divided into three categories of styles, based on the research of this practice, it can be said that in terms of theoretical foundations and based on the stated theories, three conceptual models of the urban body based on " decorative wall model", "space model" and "space model". There is also a fundamental difference between these three modelsIn Iran, there are no laws for the construction of intermediate buildings in the historical context, on the other hand, there is no specific program in organizations such as cultural heritage, the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development and other related organizations in the form of codified and organized laws, and all these organizations are subject to the laws. The Athens Charter states that these laws and regulations are international and do not pay attention to the local aspect; although the implementation of these laws in Iranian organizations has created a structural order in the construction of intermediate buildings; But it has been used for a long time without updating and paying attention to the canvas. Construction patterns in historical contexts are subject to many disagreements among theorists.in the following the advantages and disadvantages and opinions of other theorists have been discussed in connection with each of the implemented models and examples. It is hoped that by examining this issue, we will be able to find a specific framework for the construction of new buildings in historical contexts in different cities of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - Evaluation of Functional Efficiency of Space in Architecture of Two-Sided Houses Built in the First Pahlavi of Shiraz(Case Study: Razmjoo and Mostaghni Houses)
Fatemeh Kakaei Tahereh Nasr Hadi Keshmiri Hamed MoztarzadehSince the first Pahlavi architecture is a new chapter in the creation of space and so far little research has been done on the houses of Shiraz that qualify and valuable criteria to protect and model their architecture; Based on this, this research aims to evaluate func MoreSince the first Pahlavi architecture is a new chapter in the creation of space and so far little research has been done on the houses of Shiraz that qualify and valuable criteria to protect and model their architecture; Based on this, this research aims to evaluate functional efficiency of space in architecture of two-sided houses of first Pahlavi construction in Shiraz, so that by improving the quality of housing architecture, it can achieve sustainable development of urban housing. Therefore, in terms of the objective, it is an applied research, and in terms of the data collection method, it is a non-experimental descriptive research of survey and case type. In this way, first, by using library sources and documents, the concept of functional efficiency of space in the residential architecture of the first Pahlavi of Shiraz was investigated and the factors affecting it were extracted; Then, by drawing explanatory diagrams, the spatial relationships in the selected houses were analyzed using the way of life and space syntax, and the spatial organization of the houses was examined from the point of view of movement, arena and functional systems. Following the ranking of factors affecting the performance efficiency of space in the first Pahlavi residential architecture of Shiraz, based on the process of analytical analysis, it was discussed. Then the performance efficiency of space was evaluated in the architecture of the selected houses. The obtained results show that the components of "accessibility" and "flexibility" in the movement system of space, the component of "penetrability" in the system of staging space, and the components of "interconnection" and "integration" in the functional system of space as indicators, positive indicators with an increasing effect, as well as the "average relative depth" component in the space staging system and the "relative order" and "separation" components in the functional space system as negative indicators with a decreasing effect on the level of functional efficiency are considered as space. The compatibility rate values are less than 0.100, hence the criteria are compatible in terms of mathematical logic and the calculations are correct. Therefore, the criteria of revitalizing the local identity and culture, form and direction of the optimal location of the mass-space, ecological orientation, compliance with the formal-spatial hierarchies, introversion, establishing security and safety, using light and natural ventilation, connecting with nature and natural elements, physical and visual accessibility, continuity of the level of human activities, fit between space, form and activity, existence of open (public), closed (private) and semi-open-closed (semi-public-private) spaces, respecting adaptability and flexibility, creating diversity and attractiveness, paying attention to beauty and avoiding futility are the factors affecting functional efficiency of space in residential architecture of first Pahlavi of Shiraz, which are ranked according to their importance, as well as the options (yard + two-sides-construction of two opposite fronts) and (yard + two-sides of the L-shaped structure) respectively have the highest appearance of the mentioned factors and, accordingly, the highest level of functional efficiency. It is considered that by strengthening the positive components and weakening the negative components on functional efficiency of space in residential architecture, the design process can be guided in an architectural format. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - Indicators assessing the quality of urban life In ten areas of metropolitan Shiraz
mojtaba rafiiyan ebrahim zahmatkesh پروین ده ده زاده سیلابیIn the context of the human environment in urban areas, providing standards require that at a glance it can be called quality of life standards. As the most important and most fundamental purpose of urban planning to meet the needs and improve the quality of life of peo MoreIn the context of the human environment in urban areas, providing standards require that at a glance it can be called quality of life standards. As the most important and most fundamental purpose of urban planning to meet the needs and improve the quality of life of peopleis living in cities The quality of life distribution service institutions including housing quality, environmental quality, employment, education, health, etc. in the city managers and urban planners are. Accordingly, the aim of this study and analysis of the quality of urban life in the city of Shiraz. The research was descriptive - analytical studies and questionnaires were collected and analyzed using SPSS software And then use single-sample T-test first citizen's satisfaction was measured quality of life in the city. And then use the models topsis, AHP and vikor urban areas of Shiraz in the enjoyment of life quality indicators were prioritized.The results show that the index of entertainment, education and the environment is higher than average sense of satisfaction. As well as facilities and equipment, civil society and services in terms of medium are satisfied. Health indicators, employment and housing are lower than average satisfaction with quality of life. The results of the ranking of the districts indicates significant differences in the quality of life in ten districts of the city and inequality between the old and new areas are areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - Quantitative assessment of multi hazard risk (fire following earthquake) according to the method (ETA).Case: regions 1 and 6 Shiraz Municipality
Leila Eshrati Amir Mahmoodzadeh Masoud TaghvaeiMulti hazards pose a serious threat to human life. It can cause considerable damages. The evaluation of the expected losses due to multi hazards requires a risk assessment. Multi hazards risk assessment allow the identification of the most endangered areas and suggest w MoreMulti hazards pose a serious threat to human life. It can cause considerable damages. The evaluation of the expected losses due to multi hazards requires a risk assessment. Multi hazards risk assessment allow the identification of the most endangered areas and suggest where further detailed studies have to be carried out.In this study, we aimed to assess the risks of multi hazard, Use of Quantitative event tree analysis in physical and human vulnerability assessment and risk mapping final (fire following earthquake). Analysis of data collected according to a combination of descriptive research and quantitative analysis. Quantitative risk assessment based on the Quantitative event tree analysis and HAZUS software. Domino effect in multi hazard vulnerability assessment based on event tree analysis. Two types of hazards will be assessed, namely earthquake, and fire following earthquake. The study estimated the direct physical vulnerability of buildings, Essential facilities And vulnerability to human (The casualties). The results show that the Study Area Most of the buildings in the study area (74%) has a low level of risk, "risk levels less than 10,000", 23.9% of the buildings in the study area has a moderate level of risk, "risk levels between 10,000 and 1,000,000" and finally (1.9%) buildings with an area of 639,660.47 square meters has a high-risk "risk levels than 1,000,000". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - Investigation of the occurrence of urban thermal islands phenomenon using ASTER satellite images (Study area: Shiraz city)
mojtaba mohammadi mohammadebrahim afifiToday the world is experiencing an unprecedented flow of urban . population growth and urbanization is one of the factors influencing air temperature increase in urban areas , which causes the creation of heat island on these regions compared to the surroundings , and i MoreToday the world is experiencing an unprecedented flow of urban . population growth and urbanization is one of the factors influencing air temperature increase in urban areas , which causes the creation of heat island on these regions compared to the surroundings , and its effects can play a vital role in air quality and consequently public health . in this study , aster data are investigated in a case in shiraz , and the Kharazmic of 5 bands are used to retrieve earth surface temperature and determine the local effects of heat island . in addition , the correlation between surface temperature and vegetation index , construction , barren land and water difference were obtained to determine the effects of green , bare , blue and residential areas on the heat island . the results showed that the effect of urban heat island in shiraz is mainly located in the industrial and residential areas of the west and south east . also , the negative correlation between the temperature of the ground and vegetation index of normal difference showed that green earth and water - covered areas could have weakened the effect of heat island while positive correlation between ground surface temperature and the normalized difference difference can increase the effect of heat island effect in the study area . nowadays , the most important problem in urban areas is to increase the temperature of the earth surface due to the at the natural levels , Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - Development of a Model for Sustainable Development of Rural tourism (Case Study: Villages of Hir District of Ardabil City)
Bahram Imani Behrooz AbplzadehA basic precondition for achieving sustainable tourism in rural areas of the country; Design, development and implementation of strategic planning by planners and managers of tourism destinations. The present study, in order to provide an effective model for tourism dev MoreA basic precondition for achieving sustainable tourism in rural areas of the country; Design, development and implementation of strategic planning by planners and managers of tourism destinations. The present study, in order to provide an effective model for tourism development in the villages of Hir district of Ardabil city, has considered the methodology and tools of a comprehensive strategy formulation as well as the AHP technique. Accordingly, according to the subject, the research is methodically descriptive-analytical and purpose-based and through two methods of data collection; Documentary and field to identify the current situation, analyze the situation and then provide strategic proposals. To achieve this important and evaluate the factors that promote and inhibit development in the form of SWOT method using a questionnaire based on purposeful jurisprudence, distribution and results have been extracted. The questionnaire was reproduced based on Cochran's method among 340 households in the studied villages. In total, with regard to 34 strengths and opportunities, 23 weaknesses and threats, and scores obtained from the matrix of internal and external factors, as well as the 9-house diagram, the extraction strategy is maintenance. Finally, thematic development strategies are prioritized using the AHP process and then executive plans are presented to implement each of the tourism development strategies to maintain and improve the status quo. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - City and Spatial Justice; An Analysis of the Distribution of Sustainable Development Indicators in Shiraz
Mohammad Jaafar Namdar Ali Shakoor َAhmad Ali KhorrambakhtThe expansion of urbanization and the specific issues and problems of urban life have made it increasingly necessary to pay full attention to beneficial strategies for optimizing the lives of urban residents. In this regard, the concept of sustainable urban development MoreThe expansion of urbanization and the specific issues and problems of urban life have made it increasingly necessary to pay full attention to beneficial strategies for optimizing the lives of urban residents. In this regard, the concept of sustainable urban development as a broad conceptual framework moves towards achieving economic growth and social justice. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the development of Shiraz in terms of criteria for sustainable urban development "environmental, health, urban and cultural services" in the form of 36 indicators. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. For analysis, first the data were standardized and finally, using the Morris method, the eleven districts of Shiraz were ranked. The results of the research based on Morris method showed that in terms of the studied indicators, zones one and eight with scores of 49.38 and 39.57 are in the first and second ranks and regions four and eleven with scores of 17.86 and 10.39 are in the last place. Also, based on the results, it was determined that none of the areas are in very good conditions. The results of this study indicate the existence of a gap between the eleven regions of Shiraz in terms of benefiting from the studied indicators, and among these, region one is ranked first in terms of development due to its political and economic centrality due to the existence of urban facilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - Investigating the Role of Urban Historical Social Centers in the Identity of Historical Cities (Case Study: Shiraz)
Arash Didehrowshan Hamed MoztarzadehIn the face of rapid economic development, population growth, increasing needs of people and changing lifestyles, most of the historical centers of Iran have seen difficulty in making the necessary adjustments and adaptations to current needs and changes. This article e MoreIn the face of rapid economic development, population growth, increasing needs of people and changing lifestyles, most of the historical centers of Iran have seen difficulty in making the necessary adjustments and adaptations to current needs and changes. This article examines the role of urban regeneration in reviving redundant historical and social urban centers and how to use them to strengthen the urban identity of their cities. This study is based on a case study approach focusing on urban regeneration in the historical center of Shiraz. Since the construction project has not been completed, this study will focus more on the physical aspects of urban identity rather than its social dimensions. The related experimental research has used a comprehensive fieldwork done through multiple site visits. This article argues that one of the ways to restore the urban identity of Shiraz urban historical social centers is to return to its original roots and try to preserve them in the face of emerging environments. This article examines a novel experience in Iran and Shiraz in creating a new urban identity inspired by the past through a project in order to study the role of urban historical social centers. The results of this study show that the architectural indicators of the historical context of Shiraz have the highest score and average in the continuity index, indicating that the explicit meaning means a visual cognition difficult to fit in human memory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - Analysis of effective factors in creating innovative cities (Case study: Shiraz))
Marzieh MogholiCities are always a place for innovation, innovation . In fact, the innovative and creative city is a favorable environment for training innovation and human which provides the ground for cultivating the creativity of its residents. The present study seeks to investiga MoreCities are always a place for innovation, innovation . In fact, the innovative and creative city is a favorable environment for training innovation and human which provides the ground for cultivating the creativity of its residents. The present study seeks to investigate the factors affecting the creation of innovative cities. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. Obtaining data and information in both documentary and field forms (questionnaire) in five indicators; Creative class, social capital, quality of life, innovative infrastructure and institutional framework. The statistical population of the study included city dwellers and sample size was calculated by Cochran's formula of 384 people and distributed randomly. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured by Cronbach's alpha and calculating the combined reliability coefficient (). Research data were used by SPSS and AMOS software. According to the research results, the value of t-statistic obtained for the effect of the creative class component on creating an innovative city is equal to (5.67), the effect of social capital component on creating to (4.37), the effect of quality of life component on creating equal to (5.88), the effect of innovative infrastructure component on creating an innovative city equal to (2.34) and the effect of innovative framework component on creating is equal to (4.98) which according to the obtained coefficients of the obtained path, the effect of the desired components in creating an innovative city in Shiraz is positive and significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - Criticism and Analysis of the narrative forms of Shirin and khosrow of Amir-khosrowDehlavi
pooran yusefipoor kermaniStructuralism is one of the most important literary theories that investigates and analyzes the general structure in significant systems like language, literature, myth and etc. The structural analysis of story and narrations is among the most beautiful literary analyse MoreStructuralism is one of the most important literary theories that investigates and analyzes the general structure in significant systems like language, literature, myth and etc. The structural analysis of story and narrations is among the most beautiful literary analyses in contemporary literary criticism. The artistic beauty of Dehlavi's poetry in Shirin and Khosrow is widely acknowledged. The elements and story analyses of this lyrical fiction show us many aesthetic aspects of this epic. From constructionist perspective, the text itself and the relationships within it are considered as important and notable parameters in the study of literary work. Shirin and Khosrow is the kind of narrative work in which many modern story elements can be found. The art of fiction, language abilities, narrative techniques and Amir-khosrow Dehlavi’s unique strength in painting word pictures gave it such power to be analyzed from various aspects. In this study, the narrative forms of Shirin and Khosrow from the perspective of Todorov is investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - Sociological Criticism of "Characters" Nezami Ganjavi’s Khosrow and Shirin
Mohammad amin Ehsani EstahbanatiThis article provides sociological criticism of characters in Nezami Ganjavi’s Khosrow and Shirin. Sociological criticism approach in the context of evaluating the components of social values, social interactions, social skills, social orientations, and social con MoreThis article provides sociological criticism of characters in Nezami Ganjavi’s Khosrow and Shirin. Sociological criticism approach in the context of evaluating the components of social values, social interactions, social skills, social orientations, and social control in characters of Shirin, Khosrow, Mahin Banu, Maryam, and Shekar in a classified way, and in each case, based on poetic evidence extracted from Khosrow and Shirin, analysis and comparison is performed. The findings of this article show that wisdom and self-esteem are the gifts granted to girls and women of Khosrow and Shirin through free social space and realistic overlook the society has over women. Moreover, Nezami was under the influence of various social stimuli that is clearly manifested in developing the characters in Khosrow and Shirin. However, it should be noted that the internal process of this perspective is related to the internal worldview of Nezami as a wise poet. Therefore, in sociology of characters in Khosrow and Shirin, there is a mediate as worldview between social realities and artistic creation of Nezami. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Narrative Analysis of Farhad and Shirin by Vahshi Bafghi based on Temporal Structure
jahangir safari محمود AghakhaniThe narrative system of "Farhad and Shirin" by Vahshi Bafghi's, tells the story of love between Shirin (lover and wife of Khosro Parviz) and Farhad (artist and idol maker) and is one of the poems that has a narrative and theatrical structure. The method of narration and MoreThe narrative system of "Farhad and Shirin" by Vahshi Bafghi's, tells the story of love between Shirin (lover and wife of Khosro Parviz) and Farhad (artist and idol maker) and is one of the poems that has a narrative and theatrical structure. The method of narration and storytelling in this system is such that the poet using the elements of the story; They create a different atmosphere, including narrative plot, character, dialogue, perspective and description. This research has been done with the aim of analyzing the elements of the story in this system in a descriptive-analytical manner. This narrative system expands based on the linear time of the narrative And events occur one after the other in a chain; In such a way that first a balanced situation is established, Then, with an accident, this situation changes and an unbalanced situation prevails in the poem. After mentioning the incidents, the narration reaches a balanced state and ends. In fact, this system consists of a chain and five narrative elements, which ultimately determine the fate of the main character. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - Golshiri's Modernism in the Novel Prince Ehtejab Using Grotesque Elements
Seyd Esmaeil Ghafelebashi Fereshte Sadat HosseiniAdherence to form and technique in the story constitutes the framework of Golshiri’s ideas. To demonstrate the movement and dynamism in the literature, he broke with tradition and turned the story into a means for knowing himself and others. Following the mentione MoreAdherence to form and technique in the story constitutes the framework of Golshiri’s ideas. To demonstrate the movement and dynamism in the literature, he broke with tradition and turned the story into a means for knowing himself and others. Following the mentioned perspective, the novel Prince Ehtejab seeks to explore the depths and penetrates the hidden layers of the characters’ minds, discovers and knows oneself and others, and expresses the realities of society by disrupting the continuous order and sequence of time. Moreover, he used the grotesque genre to open his readers’ eyes to truths overlooked in everyday life in the face of reality. In this article, authors have studied modern techniques in this novel using analytical and library research methods and revealed that the novel Prince Ehtejab has been able to indicate the author to be a modernist. Furthermore, given the characteristics of deviation from accepted norms, metamorphosis, induction of a bitter and odious laughter, personification, depiction of madness in a romantic sense, depiction of dark and terrifying locations, description of horrific tortures, and presentation of a bitter death using metaphor and trope, he has illustrated the events occurred to four generations of an ancestry using the grotesque genre. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - Analysis of Cognitive Schemas of Sadness and Hope in the Poems of Fereydoun Moshiri
Bita NoorianNow days, linguistic and cognitive topics are of interest to literary scholars. One of these notable topics is conceptual metaphor, which expresses the visual schemas of a poet or artists mind more than a literary function. In the past aesthetics, metaphor was considere MoreNow days, linguistic and cognitive topics are of interest to literary scholars. One of these notable topics is conceptual metaphor, which expresses the visual schemas of a poet or artists mind more than a literary function. In the past aesthetics, metaphor was considered to be related to language and was used for the beauty of words. Now days, metaphor is not just a linguistic category. Some cognitive scientists believe that human thinking is generally metaphorical. Therefore, according to semantics, metaphor is any understanding and expression of abstract concepts in the form of concrete concepts. Understanding conceptual or cognitive metaphor leads to discovering and recognizing the poet's thoughts, because the words of every human being are taken from his life experiences. Fereydoon Moshiri is one of the contemporary poets who are known as the poet of sorrow, love, nature and man. The hope has been to reach a better and higher world. Using a conceptual metaphorical model in cognitive linguistics, this study describes and analyzes the schemas and maps related to the concept of sadness and hope in Fereydoon Moshiri's poems and concludes that his poems are rooted in many biological experiences: his individual and social and his inner attention to the category of love and the world of his enlightened and ideal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - The Analysis of Conceptual Metaphor of Zephyr (Saba Wind) in Hafiz Poetry
Khodabakhsh Asadollahi Jahandoost SabzalipourThrough the theory of conceptual metaphor, Lakoff and Johnson showed that metaphors originate from the mind and reach the language and as long as there are no conceptual changes in the mind, no metaphors are created. Persian literature, with a large body of available re MoreThrough the theory of conceptual metaphor, Lakoff and Johnson showed that metaphors originate from the mind and reach the language and as long as there are no conceptual changes in the mind, no metaphors are created. Persian literature, with a large body of available resources, includes a treasure of numerous conceptual metaphors. The current study uses a cognitive approach and investigates one of the important metaphors in the Persian literature, namely the “Zephyr is human” metaphor. The main research question investigates how Zephyr is conceptualized in Persian language. The data for this study is gathered from divan of Hafez. Analysis of the data indicated that Zephyr in Persian literature is conceptually portrayed as a lover/healer/veiled/patient listener/ secretive human as well as a human who is gossiper/ sick/ liar/ rival and unfaithful. By comparing the dual personality and selfishness of Zephyr (Baad-e-Saba) in Persian poems, one can reach the conclusion that Zephyr (Bad-e-Saba) is probably a remaining visage of ancient Iranian god of Vayu. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - The mythology of romance "Khosrow and Shirin" in contemporary literary and artistic texts
Marzieh Golabgir Esfahani Zahra FanaeiMythological narratives and myths of names are influenced by the semantic pools in which they develop over time. Hence, a text has different meanings in different periods. Literary-artistic texts are better known and more appropriately decoded in the context of their fo MoreMythological narratives and myths of names are influenced by the semantic pools in which they develop over time. Hence, a text has different meanings in different periods. Literary-artistic texts are better known and more appropriately decoded in the context of their formation; This leads to a more complete understanding of the pattern governing the culture of each period. Khosrow and Shirin's romance has always been considered in different periods of Iran up to the contemporary period; It has been studied by many painters, poets and writers and is one of the most widely used myths in literary and artistic texts. The present study aims to identify the impact of contemporary factors; The time, culture of the society and the type of the creator's attitude towards presenting the narrative deal with the intertextual study and myth-mining of this narrative in different texts of the contemporary period. This research descriptively-analytically seeks the factors influencing contemporary works and how the artist uses them to answer the question: "Has he created sub-narratives?" The results show that developments, events, communications and changes in society have directly affected the creative thinking and have caused new sub-narratives in the romantic presentation of Khosrow and Shirin in contemporary Iranian art works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - Genealogy and Analysis of Pre-Islamic Lyrical Prose Stories
Mir jalil Akrami Rashid Asadi ValilooThe Genre of lyric in Persian literature both in prose and in poetry is more comprehensive than the other types. Unfortunately, most scholars' research in this area, both pre-Islamic and post-Islamic, focuses on poetry and less on prose. Due to this negligence, this res MoreThe Genre of lyric in Persian literature both in prose and in poetry is more comprehensive than the other types. Unfortunately, most scholars' research in this area, both pre-Islamic and post-Islamic, focuses on poetry and less on prose. Due to this negligence, this research tries to show what is the reason of being unknown for some of these stories by introducing and analyzing four of these stories tries to show how did these texts survive in the post-Islamic era? Some of these stories, although they were verbally prevalent among the people, but were not written in pre-Islamic Persian languages, and only a few of them came to the next era, but the Greeks have brought them in their works. Some although were recorded in the Greek works, but the oral tradition, retained them and brought them to the next era with some changes. The story of Golnar and Ardeshir which is included in the book of Ardeshir Babakan in Pahlavi language, was later directly a reference for Ferdowsi to make it a poem. But Hezarafsan tales have gone a long way and it was important for the non-Persians rather than Persians. Arabs translated it into One Thousands and One Nights alf-Lailat and Laila with some changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - Ups and Downs of ‘the Beloved’ from Saadi Shirazi’s Ghazal to Vahshi Bafqi’s Vasukht
Masoumeh Mohamadnejad Fayezeh Joneidy Farahnaz Nemati HolasouLove is one of the most fundamental subjects in Persian poetry and its platonic and romantic types in poems of different poets have created excellent themes and beautiful interpretations. Love in lyric works where the author manifests his inner feelings and emotions is MoreLove is one of the most fundamental subjects in Persian poetry and its platonic and romantic types in poems of different poets have created excellent themes and beautiful interpretations. Love in lyric works where the author manifests his inner feelings and emotions is the principal matter and ‘the beloved’ takes the leading and decisive role and in fact is deemed as the central role in lyric literature. Saadi Shirazi is a love poet, too who composes his poems about love and life, with the beloved being the most significant theme in his ghazals (a poem with a fixed number of verses having a repeated rhyme which is typically about the theme of love.) Vahshi Bafqi is also a love poet. However, these two poets view ‘the beloved’ differently and the aim of this paper is to shed light on manifestation of love and the beloved in ghazals of Saadi Shirazi and poems of Vahshi Bafqi. This paper studied love and reflection thereof in literature, nature of love, different types of love, and characteristics of the beloved in ghazals and ghazal composing. At the next step, the beloved and its characteristics in Saadi Shirazi’s ghazals and in Occurrence school (a school in Persian poetry emerged in the first quarter of the tenth century) and poems of Vahshi Bafqi were explored. The beloved in Saadi’s ghazals has a transcendent position which occasionally approximates God, as depicted in Persian poetry; however, it is mostly a romantic beloved. In Saadi’s ghazals, the lover is always utterly submitted to the beloved and evidence courtesy; whereas, in most of Vahshi’s ghazals, contrary to the established poetic custom of ghazal, the lover averts his eyes from the beloved and no longer yearns for the beloved’ coquetry and goes after another beloved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - Investigating the Components of Nothingness in Contrast with Didactic Politeness in Poetry of Nosrat Rahmani, Freydoon Moshiri and Nader Naderpour
Abdolkarim Karimi Farzane Sorkhi Feridoon Tahmasebi Behzad KhajatIn the literary institution of contemporary poetry, with the break from classical literature and socio-cultural changes in intellectual style, the themes of nothingness grew, this issue expanded with the social and political developments of the society, and especially i MoreIn the literary institution of contemporary poetry, with the break from classical literature and socio-cultural changes in intellectual style, the themes of nothingness grew, this issue expanded with the social and political developments of the society, and especially in the 1930s after the coup, it became one of the main motifs of poetry. Some poets only cared about worldly life and turned to nihilism in the dead ends of personal and social life and wrote poetry in opposition to morality. In this article, the contrast that can be seen in the poetry of poets on this subject has been examined. The method of studying and reviewing sources is library. Samples of poetry from three contemporary poets: Freydoon Moshiri, Nosrat Rahmani and Nader Naderpour have been selected. The results of the survey show that poets at a period of their life history, especially in the 1930s, when the society is involved in the tensions resulting from the August 28 coup, turned to the ideas of nothingness and rejected the morals of the society. Atheism, tendency to despair and death thoughts in life, hedonism and eroticism, going to pubs and getting drunk, love for opium, are the most important components of nihilism in opposition to the moral teaching poetry that can be seen in their poems. In comparison, Nosrat Rahmani's poem is excellent in this motif. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - Upon Whatever You Touch and Hafez’s Sight, He Swears: A Review on a Couplet by Hafez
Farzad RostamiOne of the controversial verses of Hafez's poem is the verse "I swear by the dirt at your feet and the light seen by Hafez/ that I did not see any light without your face in the lamp of eyes". Regarding this verse from Hafez's Diwan, which is included in the edition of MoreOne of the controversial verses of Hafez's poem is the verse "I swear by the dirt at your feet and the light seen by Hafez/ that I did not see any light without your face in the lamp of eyes". Regarding this verse from Hafez's Diwan, which is included in the edition of Allameh Muhammad Qazvini's interpretation, there are differences of opinion regarding whether Hafez swears by the dust of your feet and the light of his vision is swearing by one thing or swearing by two things. In this article, the collective comments of the experts have been presented by mentioning the evidence of the poets' poems for detailed examination and analysis in order to answer this issue. The research method is a descriptive-analytical one, which was carried out by referring to scientific sources and poetic evidence from the greats of Persian literature and in a library method. The result of the research shows that contrary to the opinion of the commentators, the light of sight means the light of the eyes, not dear and beloved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - Stone and Mountain in Mythology and in Nizami's "Khosro and Shirin"
Masoumeh Mahloujizadeh Mahabadi Hamid Reza Shayganfar Mehrangiz OwhadiIn Persian literature, the old rock is a symbol of impenetrability and hardness, and the mountain is a symbol of stability and endurance. The multifaceted nature of stone in culture and literature has both positive and negative aspects. It is also a factor of fertility MoreIn Persian literature, the old rock is a symbol of impenetrability and hardness, and the mountain is a symbol of stability and endurance. The multifaceted nature of stone in culture and literature has both positive and negative aspects. It is also a factor of fertility and destruction. This research aims to investigate the archetype of stone and mountain in mythology and in Nizami's "Khosro and Shirin" in an analytical-descriptive way and how the word "stone" is used. In this regard, examples are presented by examining the mythological roots of "Khosro and Shirin" Nizami. The main tool for collecting information is to get files from library sources. In this research, it was found that the words "stone" and "mountain" are frequently used in military works, especially "Khosro and Shirin". In many places in this story, the word "stone" is used in several key ways, both in the construction of literary arrays and in different parts of the story. Shabdiz's mysterious birth, sweet life in a stone building with the intrigue of Khosrow's palace women, Farhad's stonework to create a milky stream and bring him the desired drink, and digging a mountain for sweet love are among the things. Highlights of this story, which has a mythological aspect. Examining the presence of the main characters of this story is not complete without considering the rock and the mountain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - Strategic Thinking of Managers in the Private Sport Clubs
Mohammad Ali Jahandideh Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Razavi -
Open Access Article
363 - Synoptic analyzing the occurrence of strong wind and dust storm in Shiraz in March 2019
Ashraf AsadiAs transition seasons approach at the end of the winter season, changes in movement patterns and wind speed in mid-latitudes are inevitable. On March 22, 2019, a strong wind accompanied by heavy dust and muddy rain for a large part of the day resulted in the injury of s MoreAs transition seasons approach at the end of the winter season, changes in movement patterns and wind speed in mid-latitudes are inevitable. On March 22, 2019, a strong wind accompanied by heavy dust and muddy rain for a large part of the day resulted in the injury of several citizens and significant damage in the city of Shiraz. For this reason, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the synoptic conditions of the formation of this phenomenon. Earth surface data from the Meteorological Organization and variables of air temperature, geopotential height, sea level pressure, zonal wind, meridional wind, specific humidity, and omega were used as upper atmosphere data to investigate the upper level of the atmosphere. Using these variables, geopotential height roughness map patterns, frontal formation process, vorticity advection, humidity, thickness pattern, earth surface pressure patterns, Jetstream, Omega, and Hof-Muller diagrams of the third type of Jetstream and Omega were drawn at different levels. The results showed that the location of the studied area under the positive advection zone in the east of the western wind channel, which leads to high divergence and low convergence, the establishment of temperature trend and front formation, and especially the descent of the polar front wind to the lower atmospheric levels, the conditions Synoptic have provided for the occurrence of strong air ascent and the formation of strong gusts caused by it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - A Comparative Study of the Performance of CHIRPS and ERA5-Land Precipitation Datasets in Detecting Droughts in Iran
Soroush Gholami Manuchehr Farajzadeh Yousef GhavidelThe aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of two precipitation datasets, CHIRPS and ERA5-Land, in detecting droughts using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) over Iran. To achieve this, the raster data of the two datasets were evaluated using the stan MoreThe aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of two precipitation datasets, CHIRPS and ERA5-Land, in detecting droughts using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) over Iran. To achieve this, the raster data of the two datasets were evaluated using the standardized precipitation index in 11 time steps, along with precipitation data from 110 meteorological stations and correlation analysis. The study results revealed that both CHIRPS and ERA5-Land datasets exhibited a high degree of correlation with station data in time steps ranging from 1 to 12 months across Iran, except for the northern region (RCHIRPS = 0.56, RERA5 = 0.76). Furthermore, the ERA5-Land dataset demonstrated an acceptable level of performance in higher time steps (24-72 months) compared to CHIRPS. Additionally, the study revealed that the areas affected by drought were relatively similar between both datasets for time steps up to 12 months, although the reliability of CHIRPS was questionable at higher time steps. Moreover, based on the results, it was found that in general, the accuracy and capability of databases in high time steps, with a statistical period length of 30-40 years, have been significantly reduced, and for longer time steps, a longer statistical period should be used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - Functional Analysis of the dynamic equilibrium of monthly and annual precipitation in Shiraz synoptic stations
Abdolali Kamane Mahdi Narangifard Ahmad Mazidi Gholamali MozafariApplying the logic of chaos, fractal and fuzzy understanding of many details natural phenomena so far unexplained and were described as helpful and resourceful. In this framework with the aim of determining the equilibrium dynamics governing the behavior of long-term st MoreApplying the logic of chaos, fractal and fuzzy understanding of many details natural phenomena so far unexplained and were described as helpful and resourceful. In this framework with the aim of determining the equilibrium dynamics governing the behavior of long-term structural (1951-2014) monthly and annual rain in Shiraz synoptic stations parameters of nonlinear analysis functions simplex is used. In order to analyze the logic of the Shiraz station is the process algebraic of frequency of occurrence of each of the real values of monthly and annual rain in a chordal matrix was used, Then the correlation between the inputs (x) and outputs (y) trigonometric functions resulting from chordal matrix absolute values of rain and the frequency of their occurrence calculation was extracted the desired Criteria. Research findings showed that the dynamics of monthly rain Shiraz argument simplex to algebra as a function of Y = 0/5717x-906 is defined And given that the correlation between the input and output simplex is at its highest among the functions resulting from chordal matrix calculation and compliance with the Criteria 2kΠ cycle trigonometric quadratic polynomial than the vectors x & y with a correlation more than 0/5 (0/6) is, Therefore governing structure of the fractal parameters of monthly rain will be followed. This is process annual time format follows the same structure. In other words structure monthly and annual rain in Shiraz parameter of the chaos structure to the fractal structure and of Disequilibrium to Nonequilibrium desire is Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Assessment of Climate Tourism in City Shiraz Using Physiologic Equivalence Temperature and Predicted Mean Vote Indexes
Abbas Ali Arvin Kobra ShojaeezadehWeather plays an important role as an agent of the natural environment Human activities, especially tourism plays. At This study was conducted to evaluate the climatic conditions of the city's tourist Shiraz ،Shiraz synoptic meteorological data station a 16-year period MoreWeather plays an important role as an agent of the natural environment Human activities, especially tourism plays. At This study was conducted to evaluate the climatic conditions of the city's tourist Shiraz ،Shiraz synoptic meteorological data station a 16-year period (2005-1990) are used. The method used to assess climate comfort, physiological equivalent temperature index and middle surveys are anticipated. The results show that the highest climatic conditions for leisure and tourism activities in the city in two distinct periods in mid-spring (May) and early autumn (October) is located. Continued from June to August average heat stress and cold stress in different crops by the end of November, during the winter months is a factor to limit tourism. Others for months of warm heat a little bit cool, of temperature and humidity relatively are suitable for tourism so the city about 5 months of the year there is a favorable climate for tourism and visitor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Investigating The Trend of Temperature Changes in Shiraz Synoptic Station Using Man Kendal Method
Gholamreza Ghahhari Amir Gandomkar Bahram Najafpor Masoud NejabatIssue of climate change, global warming and the consequences tend to be the owners of the thoughts of statesmen and politicians around the world has attracted. To review the annual extreme temperature was used 42 years data from Shiraz synoptic station for the period 19 MoreIssue of climate change, global warming and the consequences tend to be the owners of the thoughts of statesmen and politicians around the world has attracted. To review the annual extreme temperature was used 42 years data from Shiraz synoptic station for the period 1971-2012. The global mean temperature anomalies data that ranged from 1990 to 2012 was used to examine the relationship between extreme temperatures and global warming. Statistical methods for linear regression and Man– Kendal were used for significant test for the trend of changes in the temperature series. Results indicate that despite the lack of long-term trend, after the onset of began the cold phenomenon, absolute minimum temperature gradient descending declining in Shiraz. Shiraz absolute annual maximum daily temperature is rising upward gradient, indicating a gradual increase in maximum temperatures and extreme heat of the summer Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Investigating of Hydro-geochemical of Groundwater in Shiramin Plain using Artificial Neural Networks
Reza Norouzi Somayeh Emami Hamed ShiralizadhehGroundwater is one of the most important water resources in arid and semi-arid regions. Increased water consumption due to population growth, has a great impact on quality and quantity of water supply. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of interpola MoreGroundwater is one of the most important water resources in arid and semi-arid regions. Increased water consumption due to population growth, has a great impact on quality and quantity of water supply. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of interpolation methods for predicting the spatial distribution of some groundwater quality indices for Shiramin plain. In this study, hydro-geochemical quality of groundwater resources for drinking, agricultural and industry purposes was investigated with the Wilcox and Schoeller Standards in Shiramin plain East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Further in the research, the modeling of quality parameters (TDS), EC and SAR is done with using artificial neural network. According to Schuler and Wilcox groundwater quality index, water was moderately suitable and unsuitable for agriculture and drinking, respectively. The most of the samples were in C3-S1 category. The results are representative of the acceptable performance of ANNs to predict groundwater quality. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - پاسخ فیزیولوژیکی ژنوتیپهای مختلف پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum L.) در محیط شور و غیرشور
سیده سمانه موسوی خورشیدی محمد علی رضایی حسین عباسپور -
Open Access Article
370 - ارزیابی پاسخهای فیزیولوژیکی ژنوتیپهای مختلف پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum L.) در محیطهای شور و غیرشور
سیدجلال میرقاسمی محمد علی رضایی سیده سمانه موسوی خورشیدی -
Open Access Article
371 - Phytochemical study and comparison of natural compounds in essential oil and extract of Epilobium hirsutum by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods
Fatemeh Sadat Tafrishi Mahboubeh TaherkhaniEpilobium belonging to the Onagraceae family has many medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-tumor, analgesic and anti-androgenic in traditional medicine. In this study, the aerial parts of Epilobium hirsutum L.were collected a MoreEpilobium belonging to the Onagraceae family has many medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-tumor, analgesic and anti-androgenic in traditional medicine. In this study, the aerial parts of Epilobium hirsutum L.were collected at the flowering stage from the heights of central Alborz, Mazandaran province, between Siah Bisheh and Zangoleh Bridge on July 19, 2017 and phytochemically studied for effective volatile compounds in essential oils and natural products in the extract. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation using celvenger apparatus and was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by GC-MS method. Based on the results, the main compounds in the essential oil were related to alpha-pinene with 21.65%, delta-cadinen (15.29%) and 1 -8-cineole (12.24%). Hydrocarbon terpenes had the highest concentration in the essential oil. The natural compound in E. hirsutum extract was purified by column chromatography (CC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). As a result, a natural compound called epigallocatechin gallate was extracted and identified by 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR and DEPT spectrophotometric techniques and its molecular structure was determined. In addition, the plant extract was investigated for the presence of phytochemical content and the presence of flavonoids (Shinoda method), alkaloids (Mayer test), tannins (Ferric chloride method), saponins (Froth method) and glycosides (Keller-Kiliani test). The presence of flavonoids (red color), Alkaloids (yellow precipitate) saponins (foam layer), glycosides (bluish green layer) and tannins (dark green for Catechol tannin) in the extract was aproved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Effect of different drying methods on antioxidant and phytochemical yield of Allium hirtifolium Boiss.
Maryam poorgharib Mahboobeh Zare Mehrjerdi Akbar ArabhosseiniAllium hirtifolium Boiss. is a native plant of Iran and has medicinal uses due to its organosulfur compounds, in addition to consuming edible. The experiment was designed to investigate the effect of different drying methods on the quality of Allium hirtifolium. Allium MoreAllium hirtifolium Boiss. is a native plant of Iran and has medicinal uses due to its organosulfur compounds, in addition to consuming edible. The experiment was designed to investigate the effect of different drying methods on the quality of Allium hirtifolium. Allium hirtifolium slices were dried by using ten methods, which were sun and shade drying, soaking Allium hirtifolium in water for 24 hours and then sun drying (traditional method), oven drying (50, 60 and 70 °C), microwave drying (360, 540 and 720 W) and freeze-drying. The effect of different drying methods on antioxidant capacity (DPPH assay), total phenol content (Folin-Ciocalteu method), flavonoids (aluminum chloride colorimetric assay), allicin (4-mercaptopyridine method) and soluble and storage carbohydrates (anthrone method) as well as Allium hirtifolium color quality (image processing analysis) were investigated. The initial moisture content of the samples was 69.41% based on fresh weight. The highest antioxidant activity belonged to the extracts obtained by maceration of fresh samples followed by the shade-dried samples with methanol. The total phenolic content was found to be highest in the freeze-dried samples macerated with methanol. The greatest flavonoid content was observed in fresh samples followed by the freeze dried samples extracted by ultrasound. Shade- dried samples, next to fresh Allium hirtifolium, had the highest allicin. The maximum levels of soluble and storage carbohydrates were found in freeze-dried samples and microwave-dried samples at 720 W power, respectively. After the drying process, the lowest browning index was observed in freeze-dried samples. Among the drying methods, shade drying was introduced as the most suitable method to maintain the quality of Allium hirtifolium and it was found that the traditional method of drying Allium hirtifolium causes the loss of its bioactive compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - The role of urban public space in the formation of social trust (Case study: Chamran Boulevard in Shiraz metropolitan)
alireza abdolahzadeChanges in human society, from Pre-modern societies to modern societies depends on the complexity, density and interconnectedness of social relations. Social trust, expand community has made. Without trust we cannot see social order, balance, solidarity and social cohes MoreChanges in human society, from Pre-modern societies to modern societies depends on the complexity, density and interconnectedness of social relations. Social trust, expand community has made. Without trust we cannot see social order, balance, solidarity and social cohesion in the society. Trust as one of the pre-conditions for comprehensive development of any society is essential. With the expansion of trust we can replace positive moral values with the negative ones. According to the idea of Giddens more distance between people will make more need of trust. Changing a traditional society in to modern causes that the modern people redefine the trust network and radius of it. The Theorist like Jacobs think that the urban spaces has an important role in making the face to face relations. The aim of this study is the investigation of the urban spaces role in the formation of social trust. Sample size determined by Morgan table. 150 Questionnaire completed in Chamran. Spss software was used for data analysis. According to the questionnaire and literature study Indexing was done. The correlation coefficient, multiple regression with enter method and factor analysis were used to analyze the data. Regression analysis showed that the selected variables in urban areas have an important role in the formation of social trust. Using factor analysis, it was found that the radius of trust and physical qualities the most influence in the development and increase of social trust in urban areas. The results between content and form showed that the content plays a dominant role in the formation of social trust. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - The Influence of Urban Identity on Historical Pathways with a Pedestrian-Oriented Approach (A Case Study of Atabakan Alley)
alireza abdolahzade ALI shakoor zahra mohammadiUnderstanding the identity, the quality of urban areas and sense of belonging to an environment, are all achieved through walking in the environment. Therefore, identity admission creates the urban identity and improves the identity of inhabitants through making a commo MoreUnderstanding the identity, the quality of urban areas and sense of belonging to an environment, are all achieved through walking in the environment. Therefore, identity admission creates the urban identity and improves the identity of inhabitants through making a common point among different groups and generations. Historical context in cities is one of the elements related to identity which requires intervention and adjustment based on the environmental and human conditions. As a result, pedestrian orientation can be considered as an intervention procedure in citied to improve place identity. Therefore, the present study includes field studies and descriptive method based on the existing patterns and evidences and investigates the effect of urban identity on historical pathways, with a pedestrian-oriented approach in Atabakan alley, Shiraz, Iran. A questionnaire was prepared and then was completed by 147 citizens. Cronbach’s alpha for the reliability test was estimated to be 92.9% and the SPSS software was used to statistically analyze the data. In the analytical part, Pearson correlation coefficient test, simple linear regression, Variance analysis and factor analysis were used. According to the obtained data, Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.776 and the P-value was below 0.05, i.e. there was a significant relationship between the criteria of urban identity and pedestrian orientation expansion. Based on the analysis of variance, with P-value of 0.000, it was found that three variables of pedestrian orientation, urban identity and historical context have significant relationship with each other and according to simple linear regression test, the pedestrian orientation criteria, has the largest effect (38.7%), and then comes the other criteria of convenience, flexibility, and relation, respectively having 8.2%, 3.1%, and 2.6% influence on urban identity variable in historical context. It can be inferred that in the factor analysis test with a P-value of 0.000 there was a significant mutual effect between the three variables of urban identity, pedestrian orientation and the passengers’ willingness. According to variance analysis, the passengers’ willingness was more effective than pedestrian orientation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - Developing a Strategy to Improve the Economy of Border Cities Using the SWOT Model (A Case Study of Qasr Shirin)
ehsan mahdavi bijan rahmaniBorder security is of particular importance in all countries. This has a more colorful role in Kermanshah province with a long border with Iraq. Meanwhile, Qasr Shirin with more than 180 kilometers of border with Iraq and two active borders; the market border of Parviz MoreBorder security is of particular importance in all countries. This has a more colorful role in Kermanshah province with a long border with Iraq. Meanwhile, Qasr Shirin with more than 180 kilometers of border with Iraq and two active borders; the market border of Parviz Khan and Khosravi official border and connection with the two regions of Kurdistan in Iraq and the central government is of special importance. Border exchange is one of the main factors in the growth, development, and economic life of border cities, which can play a major role in the development of the region. In this research, the SWOT model has been used to create a matrix and analysis, and to score the variables used from the perspective of experts. The obtained results showed that weaknesses outweigh strengths and threats outweigh opportunities and strategies should be tailored accordingly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - The Society of Villains in Wuthering Heights: A New Perspective on the Element of Villainy
Abd-O-Rashid Shafiee Mohsen Hanif -
Open Access Article
377 - Ethical Criticism of the Historical Text of the Book of Ardeshir Babakan
Asieh Zabihnia EmranArdeshir Babakan's 400-year-old work is one of the Pahlavi texts that contains the ideas of Ardeshir Babakan, the founder of the Sassanid dynasty. Many ethical virtues have been attributed to him in the context of Ardeshir's work, and he brings him to the point of natio MoreArdeshir Babakan's 400-year-old work is one of the Pahlavi texts that contains the ideas of Ardeshir Babakan, the founder of the Sassanid dynasty. Many ethical virtues have been attributed to him in the context of Ardeshir's work, and he brings him to the point of national and epic heroism, which includes all the transcendental moral traits, such as despair, kindness, fearlessness, perseverance and sincerity. Ardeshir seems to believe that Iran's national identity is against Enyran. Advice generally refers to the duties of man toward himself, the Lord and others. In these wit and wisdom statements, human life is measured in the universe, and narrow-mindedness, hustle and bustle Wills and other evil traits will be blamed. Advice has been in all the languages and everywhere, everywhere and everywhere, and there is a general state to each nation; since virtues and moral vices are rooted in human nature, in all cultures and languages, The purpose of this article is to examine and analyze the words and phrases in the text of Ardeshir Babakan's text. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - the reign of Darius the Great and Ardashir I and their role in the development of Persepolis
Amir Hossein Soltani Bahman Firuz Mandy Reza Shabani Hayedeh KhamsehPersepolis is one of the most valuable historical monuments in Iran and the world, which is very important because of its political position, sovereignty, geographical location, architecture and its role in the developments of ancient Iranian history.It was started by D MorePersepolis is one of the most valuable historical monuments in Iran and the world, which is very important because of its political position, sovereignty, geographical location, architecture and its role in the developments of ancient Iranian history.It was started by Darius and continued during the reign of Ardashir I. Therefore, the present article seeks to examine the kingdom of Darius the Great and Ardashir I and their role in the development of Persepolis. After expanding the conceptual space of the research topic, he will examine the role of Dariush the Great and Ardeshir I in the development of Persepolis. According to the thematic documents presented in this study, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection in this research is library.The findings of this study indicate that the land of Iran has long been the origin of great and ancient civilizations, the Achaemenid kingdom is one of them that is aware of the civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Rome and of course from These civilizations have inspired and influenced them, this has influenced the formation and construction of Persepolis.Secondly, many consider the construction of Persepolis to be from the time of Darius the Great, which was later restored by the kings, and during the reign of Ardashir I, its construction and development were added. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - The role of balance politics and the third force in the history of Iran
saeed jahangiri Maryam KhaleghinezhadIn Iran during the Qajar and Pahlavi eras, one of the key words for understanding their foreign policy is undoubtedly the concept of "third force". And our main purpose in this article is to examine the role of the third force in the foreign policy strategy of Iran in t MoreIn Iran during the Qajar and Pahlavi eras, one of the key words for understanding their foreign policy is undoubtedly the concept of "third force". And our main purpose in this article is to examine the role of the third force in the foreign policy strategy of Iran in the two Qajar and Pahlavi periods. During the Qajar and Pahlavi eras, domestic and foreign agents of the structure and the agent underwent fundamental changes, and the mutual influence of the structure and the agent in the structure of the international system caused Iran to face tensions and challenges, and in Iran constantly, always It has caused the need for a third force in the international and even domestic arena during the Qajar and Pahlavi eras. Therefore, the present article tries to answer the question with a descriptive-analytical method, why Iran's foreign policy in the two periods of Qajar and Pahlavi has tended towards the third force? In response to this question, this hypothesis has been presented: From the point of view of Iranian officials in the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, the third force could have played a balancing role in Iran's foreign policy and moderated the Russian and British threats. In this study, based on the theory of threat balance, the role of the third force in Iran's foreign policy has been investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - A comparative study of military reforms of Khosrow Anushirvan in Shahnameh and Islamic historiographical sources
parisa bahadorpour ahmad Kamranifar farinaz hooshyarShahnameh is beyond a literary and mythical masterpiece and it is an effective monument of historiography especially Sassanian history that has expressed in verse the menthioned dynasty by stating the details of its events and keeping trustworthiness, loyalty and commit MoreShahnameh is beyond a literary and mythical masterpiece and it is an effective monument of historiography especially Sassanian history that has expressed in verse the menthioned dynasty by stating the details of its events and keeping trustworthiness, loyalty and commitment. Mentioning the military reforms of Khosrow Anushirvan (531 – 579 AD) in this study is very important and Islamic historiographical sources having an important stand due to their access to some texts and noble sources of this period have also addressed it. Most data of those texts concerning Anushirvan reforms exist in Shahnameh and some data have been reported only by Ferdowsi. This study aims to analyze military reforms of Anushirvani and investigate the value of Shahnameh historical details and data and its comparitive assessment with the other Islamic historiographical sources and also express their similarities and differences by insisting on Ferdowsi approach that the subject is analyzed by using library analytical – descriptive method. The results of this study can make Shahnameh stand clearer and more reliable in historical texts for persons studyhng Sassanian and are effective and valuable for the other researches concerning this issue and can be used by addressees in scientific and research communities and the history and literature group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
381 - The role of Ahmad Ghavam in expanding US influence in Iran
zahra amiri reza shabanisamghabadi mohamad kalhorWhen Qawam came to power in June 1301 A.H., the policy of entering America as a third force was placed on the agenda of Qawam's government. The result of this policy was Arto Millespo's dominance over Iran's economy. With Reza Shah's accession to the throne, the policy MoreWhen Qawam came to power in June 1301 A.H., the policy of entering America as a third force was placed on the agenda of Qawam's government. The result of this policy was Arto Millespo's dominance over Iran's economy. With Reza Shah's accession to the throne, the policy of expanding American influence began to decline, and in December 1314 A.H., it led to the termination of political relations between Iran and the United States. Although the relations between the two countries were re-established in December 1318 AH, it did not lead to the expansion of American influence. The events caused by Shahrivar 1320 A.H. caused Qavam to appear again in the sphere of politics. Qavam took effective steps in the third (August 1321-1321 AH) and fourth (February 1324-1326 AH) administrations in expanding the political, military and economic influence of America as the third force. The present research, benefiting from the historical research method based on analysis, aims to deal with the role of Qawam governments in the expansion of American influence in Iran, during the years 1301 AH to 1326 AH. A policy that first raised America as the third force in Iran and made it the most influential country in Iran after the coup d'état on August 28, 1332 AH. The basic finding of the current research shows that after Shahrivar 1320 AH/1941 AD, with the aim of preventing the growth of communism, Qawam al-Sultaneh played a major role in the entry of America into the foreign policy scene Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - Seyyed Zahirudin Marashi’s Historiographical Contradictions And Mistakes In the Religious Paradigm of Shiite
Seyedziaoddin Emadi sina frozesh reza shabaniLocal historiography is a style of historiography to which historians pay special attention. Local historiography has local aspects and examines the near and distant past of the relevant geographical area with a detailed and more accurate look. In Mazandaran, various lo MoreLocal historiography is a style of historiography to which historians pay special attention. Local historiography has local aspects and examines the near and distant past of the relevant geographical area with a detailed and more accurate look. In Mazandaran, various local histories have been written, including Ibn Esfandyar’s »History of tabarestan«, Oliaollah Amoli’s »History of Royan«, and Seyyed Zahirudin Marashi’s »History of TAbarestan, Royan, and Mazandaran« and »History of Gilan and Dilmestan«. A historiographer reflects the type of his attitude and thought, and that of a nation towards his surroundings and the surrounding society, and no doubt there is a direct connection between the life of a historiographer and his historiography.The main issue of the present study is what factors have caused Seyyed Zahirudin Marashi’s contradictions and mistakes in historiography. It seems that Marashi’s contradictions and mistakes in explaining the events have been influenced by the duality of place and religion (Shia of the Twelve Imams). The research method in this article is historical (inductive) and its writing and compilation method is descriptive-analytical. The Extraction of information and data has been done in the form of libraries and documents. This article tries to take a religious (Shiite) approach to explain the historiography of Seyyed Zahirudin Marashi . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - Nomenclature and etymology of some historical names in the history of Ajam and Waqar Shirazi sultans.
hamid khodaparast mehdi famoori Mohammad Reza Masoumi"History of the Ajam Sultans" is the work of Waqar Shirazi, who in the period of literary return, following the example of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, reads Roza al-Safa, and Bahram ibn Farhad's Chaharchaman civilization was written. This book deals with the four periods of P More"History of the Ajam Sultans" is the work of Waqar Shirazi, who in the period of literary return, following the example of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, reads Roza al-Safa, and Bahram ibn Farhad's Chaharchaman civilization was written. This book deals with the four periods of Pishdadian, Kianian, Parthian and Sassanid. In this work, the author tries to bring his written language closer to the ancient Iranian style and revive it. Therefore, he did not use Arabic words and instead used some more descriptive words. The purpose of this article is to study the "naming and etymology" of some historical names in the "History of Ajam Sultans" and the dignity of Shirazi. This article has been done in a library method and in a descriptive-analytical manner. The result of the research shows that the author has used a consistent procedure in writing the book throughout the book and while classifying the periods, he has also mentioned the etymology of the periods and kings.Keywords: History of Ajam Sultans, Shirazi Dignity, Naming, Etymology Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - Finding cities located on the Khorasan highway in Kermanshah (Sassanid axis of Qasr Shirin-Kermanshah)
saba gholami reza mehrafarin rasool mousavi hajiHistorical geography is a scientific method for studying ancient sites, locating cities and sites. Historical geography examines geographical factors throughout history. Western Iran has historically been important due to its strategic location and proximity to Iraq and MoreHistorical geography is a scientific method for studying ancient sites, locating cities and sites. Historical geography examines geographical factors throughout history. Western Iran has historically been important due to its strategic location and proximity to Iraq and its short distance from Ctesiphon. The Qasr Shirin-Kermanshah road has historical and commercial value. Connects. Kermanshah is the second province with the most artifacts from the Sassanid period. The trade route of Khorasan passes through Qasr Shirin and Kermanshah passes through Iran. Today, part of it corresponds to the road that goes from Iraq to Kermanshah. It is known as Qasr Shirin-Kermanshah Sassanid axis. The distance between Qasr Shirin and Kermanshah is the cities of Sarpol-e Zahab, Korand, Islamabad-e-Gharb and Mahidasht. Has. This ancient route is still used and important. During the Parthian and Sassanid eras, due to the role of commercial intermediation, this route was used. In the Islamic era, this region was part of the Jabal province. The importance of trade in this direction has created important and dynamic cities. This road has always been of interest to tourists and geographers. In this article, the historical geography of the region during the Parthian, Sassanid and Islamic eras has been studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - The place of natural, political and military geography of Tabaristan in the historiography of Seyyed Zahiruddin Marashi
Seyedziaoddin Emadi Sina Frozesh Reza ShabaniHistorical geography as a science includes the two sciences of geography and history, and the history of science is the study of human life that is realized in the context of geography. Local historiography has local aspects and examines the distant and recent past of t MoreHistorical geography as a science includes the two sciences of geography and history, and the history of science is the study of human life that is realized in the context of geography. Local historiography has local aspects and examines the distant and recent past of the geographical area with a more detailed and detailed look. The historian reflects the attitude and thinking of himself and a people and nation towards their surroundings and the surrounding society, The purpose of this study is to investigate the position of various geographical dimensions in Marashi historiography. Marashi narrates historical and social events in a geographical context that he himself has witnessed and observed. The interaction between man and geography as well as the relationship between the insight and attitude of the historian and his historical understanding is the main topic of the present study. The main issue of the present study is why Seyyed Zahiruddin Marashi in his historiography, among all geographical dimensions, has paid special attention to the natural, political and military geography of Tabaristan? In this research, no hypothesis has been imagined and the problem has been investigated exploratory. The special geographical location, economic and political independence, long and continuous failures of Iranian and non-Iranian invaders in the conquest of Tabaristan and its safety for political and religious refugees, The most important factors of Marashi's special attention to the natural, political and military geography of Tabaristan have been in local historiography Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - Title: Analyzing reza shah encounter with religoin issue and searchikg his behavior with spiritualty
Mehrab Hatami Manizheh Sadri Simin Fasihi nazli Eskandari NezhadAbstractAfter the coup and accessing sultane, Reza shah at least apparently showed areligious behavior. But his behavior change from 1306 and gradually showedseverity against some religious ceremonies and spiritualties' actions. Rezashah, influenced by his counterpart a MoreAbstractAfter the coup and accessing sultane, Reza shah at least apparently showed areligious behavior. But his behavior change from 1306 and gradually showedseverity against some religious ceremonies and spiritualties' actions. Rezashah, influenced by his counterpart ataturk, considered religious anddenomination as a barrier for revival and modernization and desired building amodern iran by modernization in army, administration system , Law system,and education and even conseration organization and renewing power andcourt structures in which religion and spiritualty had a loe function. Is Rezashah encountered uniformally with religion and religious ulens or hid behaviorhas change during years? It can only be judged that for any reason in earlyyears of Reza shah sultanate, religion has been important and spiritualty hasbeen respectabke but gradually hus behavioe is influenced by his powerseeking behavior. Current study wants to answer this question in fact whyReza shah change his religious trend why he didn't continue that but also hechange toward contrasting with a descriptive-analytic procedure considerschallenges between spiritualties and Reza shah and reason of the contrastbetween these two wings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - Verbal linguistic persuasion analysis techniques in Shirazi dialect used in open courts of Shiraz: criminal court discourse analysis (forensic linguistics)
Azime zaeri Ferdous AghagholzadehThe present study is an analytical descriptive study which is conducted in the field with the purpose of how linguistics and its pragmatic approaches can be applied in forensic linguistics discourse in order to assess various verbal linguistic techniques used to persuad MoreThe present study is an analytical descriptive study which is conducted in the field with the purpose of how linguistics and its pragmatic approaches can be applied in forensic linguistics discourse in order to assess various verbal linguistic techniques used to persuade judges by the accused person in penal courts of Shiraz. The data of the research were gathered from 20 open sessions of court rooms in Shiraz contains 2112 sentences altogether out of which 654 sentences belong to lawyers, 351 sentences belong to the judges, 987 refer to the accused and 120 sentences belong to the accusers. In the present study, only the sentences used by the accused have been assessed in terms of verbal and non-verbal persuasion analysis techniques. Also, the researcher has been trying to answer the question of how actors used verbal elements (syntax, semantics, and pragmatics) and non-verbal methods to achieve their goals and persuade each other. Findings of the study indicate that the accused employed verbal techniques such as use of legal acts and pragmatics approaches like: exclusion, inclusion, nominalization, emphasis on remorse arousal, and non-verbal discourse methods in the court rooms in the realm of forensic linguistics, silence and crying, stimulating the feelings in order to persuade the judges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - Investigating poems and wedding songs in kohgilouyeh and boyerahmad province
seyed borzoo jamalian zadeh mohamad hosein karami jalil nazariThe ready research is aimed to study wedding poems and songs in kohgilouyeh and boyerahmad province. This poems, which are kind of lyric poetry are special to wedding celebration, more common among women and one sing in all sreps of wedding wether lone MoreThe ready research is aimed to study wedding poems and songs in kohgilouyeh and boyerahmad province. This poems, which are kind of lyric poetry are special to wedding celebration, more common among women and one sing in all sreps of wedding wether lonely or in group by women, often describing the groom, the bride, bride and groom family members and wedding celebration. This songs have special names in some regions : in basht and bavi tribes, boyerahmad and choram "seru", and in bahmaei, doshmanziari and taibi its called shiraduma". In this article, after introduction a short description of songs and poems of sorud and shiradumad in some regions of country and more specifically in kohgilouyeh and boyerahmad province will be given. Next, the charactristics of this songs, different kinds of wedding local jongs, classification of sorud and shiradumad poems will be studied Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - An investigation of introducing popular proverbs in oral culture of Shirazi dialect
hamed Azizinia Biook BehnamIn proverbs, there are countless phenomena, through which many ethnic characteristics of each community and extensive knowledge of anthropology and demography of those people can be gained. What is emphasized in this paper is the introduction of popular proverbs in oral MoreIn proverbs, there are countless phenomena, through which many ethnic characteristics of each community and extensive knowledge of anthropology and demography of those people can be gained. What is emphasized in this paper is the introduction of popular proverbs in oral culture of Shirazi dialect which have not been written anywhere and orally transmitted from generation to generation. Here, it is attempted to collect the specific proverbs of this dialect as much as possible as well as their Farsi concepts. Research Methodology is covered in two ways, case studies and library studies. In this way, based on the presence of the interview from old individuals of Shiraz of various famous sites in the city. The gathered proverbs consisted of 37 sayings of them all. The authors of the paper try to change them from oral to written ones. It can be said to be sure that knowledge of dialects identifies the hidden aspects of the Iranian culture and language, particularly those are in danger of decline. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - A study of different folk types and local elements in Shurideh Shirazi poems
mohammad hadi khaleghzadehMohammad Taghi Shurideh Shirazi, (1276-1345 AH) nicknamed Fasih al-Mulk, had lived among the poets of the thirteenth century and the first half of the fourteenth century AH, that is, the period of awakening. He left the previous language forms and approached the poems t MoreMohammad Taghi Shurideh Shirazi, (1276-1345 AH) nicknamed Fasih al-Mulk, had lived among the poets of the thirteenth century and the first half of the fourteenth century AH, that is, the period of awakening. He left the previous language forms and approached the poems to the language of bazaar’s ordinary people. He had chosen the general language of the people; thus, he was able to use the eloquent and ancient Persian words, especially the Khorasanian and Iraqi style, of his time’s language, slangs, local and Shirazi terms. Borrowing mentioned in his poems, including the trivial and common words of the street and the bazaar, which the poets of his time even considered the inaccurate possibility of entering those terms into poetry, it has become a mixed word in the poem of Shurideh and the official words. This article is in search of Shirazi terms, popular culture, games, local allusions, and sometimes the Lori and Turkish words of the Persian region in Shurideh's poetry; consequently, this work seeks to confirm that one of the causes of Shurideh's popularity with the public is this closeness. The language of this poet is the language of the masses of society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - A comparative study of female activism in Khosrow and Shirin and the Balochi poems of Haani and Shaymorid
Mohammadreyaz Raeisi Shirin and Haani in the poems of Khosrow and Shirin Nizami and the Balochi poems of Haani and Shaimrid have many similarities. Both characters are in a male-controlled space and firstly, men treat them as a thing (object). In the beginning, Khosrow and Chaakar try More Shirin and Haani in the poems of Khosrow and Shirin Nizami and the Balochi poems of Haani and Shaimrid have many similarities. Both characters are in a male-controlled space and firstly, men treat them as a thing (object). In the beginning, Khosrow and Chaakar try to capture Shirin and Haani as an object. The present research compares the characters of Shirin and Haani and their female activism and activity with a descriptive-analytical method and answers these questions: Are Shirin and Haani agents in these two stories? How do they achieve female activism in a patriarchal context? The results of this research show that Shirin and Haani are not passive, but have action. The female intervention of Shirin and Haani in these two stories finally overcomes the patriarchal approach. In encountering the patriarchal discourse, they are finally promoted to the position of subjectivity with the agency. Shirin does not remain passive in the face of Khosrow and Shaapur's demands, and after a while, she overcomes their masculinity and wins over Khosrow with her activism. Haani is not passive against male hegemony and overcomes the patriarchal view of Chaakar and Shaimorid; finally, with his activism, she releases the chaakar and acquires Shaimorid. In this way, Shirin and Haani not only free themselves from the control of male hegemonic discourse by presenting a female counter-discourse but also they elevate the character of Khosrow and Shaimorid at the end. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - Descriptive Bibliography of Researched Book in Shirazi Accent
atefe soltani hamide parvanThe present study investigates previous researches about Shirazi accent. The aim of the study was to classify, describe and analyze books published during 1348-1393 about Shirazi Accent. After introducing issues, the importance of the research has been discussed; then a MoreThe present study investigates previous researches about Shirazi accent. The aim of the study was to classify, describe and analyze books published during 1348-1393 about Shirazi Accent. After introducing issues, the importance of the research has been discussed; then analyzed books classified into three major groups: 1. Expressions and proverbs; 2. Language; and 3. Pop culture. Each book introduced in four parts: book title, book structure, core concepts and the main text. Then, some ideas about the book have been proposed. Finally, quantitative and qualitative results of the published books were presented. Also this study presents the articles and investigates recently researches according to structure of the books Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - Points about Current Shirazy Dialect
mehdi famooriAlthough the old shirazy dialect is vanished and substituted by Dari dialect since sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, it has still some signs in the current shirazy dialect. So, although the main differences between the current diatype in shiraz and standard speech di MoreAlthough the old shirazy dialect is vanished and substituted by Dari dialect since sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, it has still some signs in the current shirazy dialect. So, although the main differences between the current diatype in shiraz and standard speech dialect are related to the differences between the accents, this diatype has some special structural patterns and words of its own which means that it has some features of a dialect. Hereupon, in this article, some of the structural patterns of shirazy dialect are studied: present perfect tense, attached subjective pronouns, verb to be(“ast” [=is]). In the current shirazy dialect, the present perfect tense is conjugated completely or in short forms. The important difference between the standard dialect and the shirazy one is in the way of using the auxiliary verbs and their conjugations. The attached subjective pronouns in shirazy dialect are pronounced in two ways, “?eš” and “?ešun”. And verb to be is used in three different ways Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - The study of the main rtheme and its development in shirazi dialect
mphamad moradiThe local literature that has various time and places it consists different and special characteristics. One of the places for study on different aspects in local languaes and dialects is the poem criticism which has been composed there. The Shirazi poem that nearly has MoreThe local literature that has various time and places it consists different and special characteristics. One of the places for study on different aspects in local languaes and dialects is the poem criticism which has been composed there. The Shirazi poem that nearly has been composed 800 years ago and with respect to the quality and quantity of its works espeacialy in 8th and 9th centuries of Hejrah and in the cntemporary time is a good domain for investigation and study in local literature. In this paper it has been tried to recognize the prosodist rtheme of two old poets- shams pos naser and Shahdaee Shirazi – and five fars contemporary poets- Bijan Samandar, Yadolah Taremi, Ahad Dehbozorgi, Siroos Dadras and Mohamad Hassan Shafaat- and introduce the main theme of shirazi dialect especialy Ghazal Rhythm. They are compared with the the contemoprary types of Farsi poems and they also are compared with the similarities and differences to them. In addition, the development of the Ghazal in 8th century of Hejrah to contemporary with tables and samples are introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - Assessment of Third-order Shear Deformation Graphene Nanoplate Response under Static Loading Using Modified Couple Stress Theory
Majid Eskandari Shahraki Mahmoud Shariati Naser Asiaban Ali Davar Mohsen Heydari Beni Jafar Eskandari Jam -
Open Access Article
396 - Investigating the Impact of Competition in the Product Market Using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index on the Efficiency of Investing in Human Resources in Companies Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
Hamid Reza Mohammadi Atefeh AbbasiNowadays, Daneshgar human resources are considered as the most important ability of the organization to gain a competitive advantage and also the main intangible asset, and the organization believes that employees should be the basis for improving the quality and effici MoreNowadays, Daneshgar human resources are considered as the most important ability of the organization to gain a competitive advantage and also the main intangible asset, and the organization believes that employees should be the basis for improving the quality and efficiency of all organizational processes The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of competition in the product market using Herfindahl-Hirschman index on the efficiency of investment in human resources in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The research data has been prepared using the library-documentation method and the statistical population of this research is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1393 to 1398. Sampling was done by systematic elimination method and 124 companies were selected as a sample. This research is random, correlation and post-event. Multivariate regression technique using panel data method has been used to test the hypotheses. The findings showed that there is a significant inverse relationship between competition in the product market using the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the efficiency of investment in human resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - Comparison and analysis of stock futures return response to non-systematic risk torque measurement models(comparative prediction with neural network
roqaye talebiAbstract The mean and variance of stock returns alone are not sufficient to describe the distribution of returns. , paying attention to higher torques such as skewness and kurtosisas a risk index instead of variance leads to more accurate results. Therefore, due to stu MoreAbstract The mean and variance of stock returns alone are not sufficient to describe the distribution of returns. , paying attention to higher torques such as skewness and kurtosisas a risk index instead of variance leads to more accurate results. Therefore, due to study contradictions, the study of stock returns reaction to models for measuring non-systematic risk moments was significant. For this purpose, 152 companies were selected( In the realm of time between 2014to 2021 ) as a statistical sample from the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange based on the systematic removal method (CAPM & FF3). Also, by determining the superior regression model, the power of the superior regression model was compared with the neural network model. results showed that by increasing the unsystematic risk torques calculated with the capital asset pricing model and the Fama and French tree-factor model reduce future stock returns; These results can be justified in line with the concepts of capital market efficiency theory.Other results indicate that the difference in expected non-systematic risk calculated with CAPM and FF3 models is significant. Therefore, the strength of the expected non-systematic risk torques calculated by the capital asset pricing model is less than the Fama and French three-factor model. By comparing the neural network model coefficient and linear regression, it can be said that the neural network-based model has a better performance in predicting future stock returns based on non-systematic risk moments than linear regression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - 2D-DOA Estimation of LFM Signal Wideband Using Low Snapshots Dechirping Algorithm in a Two-Dimensional Circular Array
Abbas Partovi Sangi Jasem Jamali Mohammad Hossein Fatehi Mohammad Mehdi GhanbarianWideband linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals are widely used in systems such as radar, sonar, and mobile. 2D-DOA algorithms for LFM signals are relying on a large number of snapshots. For this reason, they are not suitable for low-power applications. In this paper MoreWideband linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals are widely used in systems such as radar, sonar, and mobile. 2D-DOA algorithms for LFM signals are relying on a large number of snapshots. For this reason, they are not suitable for low-power applications. In this paper, we present an algorithm-centered estimation method with low estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) calculations based a 2D circular array using a fractal Fourier transform (FrFT). Furthermore, the utilization of a circular array facilitates the two-dimensional DOA calculation. Therefore, the procedure is that firstly, we develop the Dechirping process for LFM signals using the FrFT; secondly, we extend the ESPRIT algorithm- as used for linear arrays (ULA) - for 2D circular arrays (UCA). Finally, DOA calculations are made for a low number of snapshots with low computational volume. The simulation results of the proposed MESPRIT (i.e. modified ESPRIT) algorithm show that this algorithm outperforms compared to other algorithms like MUSIC and TSFDOA. We also have shown that the proposed method has an acceptable accuracy in low SNRs and creates less error in high SNRs. It was also demonstrated that for all algorithms, accuracy of azimuth angle is better than the elevation angle’s. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - Elechtromechanical Modeling and Vibration Analysis of a Coupled Hydroturbine-Generator Set at Different Speeds Considering the Gyroscopic Effect
Mohammad Farokhpour Ali SoleimaniVibrations in rotating equipment are inevitable phenomena and its analysis is necessary and useful to study the condition of the equipment. In a coupled hydroturbine-generator set, the vibrations are caused by the dynamic forces of both machines. Due to the coupling of MoreVibrations in rotating equipment are inevitable phenomena and its analysis is necessary and useful to study the condition of the equipment. In a coupled hydroturbine-generator set, the vibrations are caused by the dynamic forces of both machines. Due to the coupling of the turbine and the generator the vibration analysis of each machine separately can not reveal all the phenomena and dynamic behaviors. The change in speed and torque of the turbine and the generator affect each other, so the results of the coupling analysis are closer to reality. In this paper, dynamic modeling of the generator-turbine coupling set is performed and the governing equations of the system are solved using numerical methods in MATLAB software. For more accurate modeling and analysis of the system, the rotational speed of the shaft is considered as variable. The gyroscopic effect and arcuate whirl are also included in the modeling of the set. The frequencies in the vibrations of the set are extracted and the dynamic phenomena related to each are identified. The results show that new dynamic and vibrational phenomena in this system. Also, considering that imbalance mass is never zero, the resulting force is considered in the modeling and the effect of the amount of imbalance mass is also studied and analyzed. Due to the nonlinearity of the governing equations, the analysis of vibrations using phase plane diagrams shows that in some operating conditions, the vibration behavior is chaotic, which can be used in the processing of experimental signals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - An Analysis of the Development of the Eleven Districts of Shiraz in Terms of Tourism Services
Mohammad Jaafar Namdar Ali Shakoor Ahmad Ali Khoram BakhtWith the onset of the Industrial Revolution and the spread of urbanization, the motivation to travel and having fun to meet the spiritual needs of human beings became essential, this important issue in recent decades created a global phenomenon that has been termed &lsq MoreWith the onset of the Industrial Revolution and the spread of urbanization, the motivation to travel and having fun to meet the spiritual needs of human beings became essential, this important issue in recent decades created a global phenomenon that has been termed ‘the tourism industry’. The arrival of a tourist in a place can have important economic, social and cultural effects on that environment and can cause the development and progress of the region. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the development of eleven districts of Shiraz in terms of tourism services. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. The information and data required in this research have been collected using library resources and statistics in 1398. For analysis, first, the data were standardized and finally ranked using the Scalogram method in eleven districts of Shiraz. The results showed that in terms of indicators studied, district one with a score of 79 was in the first place in tourism and enjoyment. Also, districts four and eleven, despite the geographical location due to large population and lack of attention of relevant managers in terms of indicators and elements providing sustainable tourism development with 46 and 49 points were recognized as the lowest ranks. The results of this study indicate the existence of a gap between the eleven districts of Shiraz in terms of tourism development and in the meantime, none of the regions is in a poor condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - Hadis Centrality in Ahvaz and its position in Holism of Jafari Jurisprudence In the second and third centuries
mehdi nedaei Mohammad Reza HedayatpanahAhvaz region has had its period of scientific flourishing in the second and third centuries AH and recorded as the Central of Hadis competence.Muhaddiths like Faddala b. Ayyub, Hassan Ibn Saeed and Hussein Ibn Saeed Hamad Ahwazi, Ali ibn Mahziar Ahvazi, and Hazini Ahvaz MoreAhvaz region has had its period of scientific flourishing in the second and third centuries AH and recorded as the Central of Hadis competence.Muhaddiths like Faddala b. Ayyub, Hassan Ibn Saeed and Hussein Ibn Saeed Hamad Ahwazi, Ali ibn Mahziar Ahvazi, and Hazini Ahvazi are among the scholars who, apart from their roles as representatives of a'imma, had effective bearings in significant Shi'i scientific schools ( Hawza'Ilmiyya), and some of them such as Hammad brothers Ahvazi had defining roles in revolution in holism of Shii Fiqh by compiling thirty-way Fiqhi books about topics from purification to blood money. As long as, their holism on Hadis was determined as criteria for other Shii Muhaddith and Mujtahids.This hadith center has been neglected in Shiite history books. This paper aims to examine Hawza Ilmiyya ( Scientific religious school) in Ahvaz as a Shii Hadis center And express its role in Holism of Jafari Jurisprudence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - Green synthesis of naphthiridinone using multicomponent reaction of Melderumʼs acid and 4-aminoquinoline-2-one
Seyyed Jalal Shams Najafi Maryam Ghazvini Atefeh Navabi -
Open Access Article
403 - Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil from Shirazi Turnip root (Brasica rappa L.) in in-vitro conditions
Ali Mohamadi Sani Khalil Behnam Mehrnaz EsmaeilpourThe aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Turnip (Brassica rapa) root in Fars-Iran. The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) whic MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Turnip (Brassica rapa) root in Fars-Iran. The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) which revealed 16 compounds in which Methyl chavicol (32.31 %), Trans anethole (19.58 %), Linalool (15.46 %), α-Pinene (9.28 %), α- Thujone (6.59 %) and β- Pinene (3.34 %) were the main components. The antimicrobial activity was measured by disk-diffusion and micro-dilution method for determination of MIC and MBC. The results showed that the essential oil of turnip has a significant effect in reducing the growth of bacteria have been tested. However the essential oil had the lowest MIC on (MIC=2.5 mg/ml) E. coli but the results showed the highest effects against (MIC=0.625 mg/ml) S. aureus. Results presented here suggest that the essential oils of turnip possesses antibacterial properties, and is therefore a potential source of active ingredients for food industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
404 - اثر ضد باکتریایی، میزان ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدی و عملکرد آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره الکلی موسیر وحشی (Allium hirtifolium Boiss)
الهه آل ابراهیم دهکردی عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی محمود رفیعیان کوپاییمقدمه و هدف: موسیر گیاهی متعلق به جنس آلیوم و خانواده آلیاسه می باشد. این گیاه بومی کشور ایران است که به صورت خودرو در نواحی مرتفع و نقاط کوهستانی می روید. با توجه به رویکرد مجدد برای مصرف داروها و فراورده های گیاهی ، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی از اهمیت خاصی در درمان و پی Moreمقدمه و هدف: موسیر گیاهی متعلق به جنس آلیوم و خانواده آلیاسه می باشد. این گیاه بومی کشور ایران است که به صورت خودرو در نواحی مرتفع و نقاط کوهستانی می روید. با توجه به رویکرد مجدد برای مصرف داروها و فراورده های گیاهی ، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی از اهمیت خاصی در درمان و پیشگیری از بیماری ها برخوردار می باشد. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین خواص فیتوشیمیایی و اثرات ضد باکتریایی این گیاه انجام پذیرفت. روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه،عصاره گیاهان به روش ماسراسیون تهیه و میزان ترکیبات فنولی و فلاونوئیدی با روش فولین سیکالچو و کلریدآلومینیوم تعیین گردید.برای تعیین خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی از روش DPPH و جهت بررسی اثر ضد باکتریایی از روش براث ماکرودایلوشن استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و رسم نمودارها با نرم افزار Excel صورت گرفت. نتایج و بحث: یافته های این مطالعه نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار ترکیبات فنلی، فلاونولی و فلاونوئیدی در هرگرم عصاره ی خشک به ترتیب با مقدار 5/135، 59/9 و 77/0میلی گرم مربوط به برگ موسیر می باشد. همچنین نتایج اثر ضد میکروبی این تحقیق نشان داد که عصاره ی برگ و پیاز موسیر بر باکتری های استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس و اسنیتو باکتر بومانی اثر مهارکنندگی و کشندگی قابل قبولی دارند.کمترین غلظت کشندگی بر باکتری استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس در غلظت 64 میکروگرم بر میلی لیتر در عصاره ی الکلی برگ و پیاز موسیر مشاهده شد . همچنین بهترین اثرمهارکنندگی مربوط به عصاره ی برگ موسیر در غلظت 128 میکروگرم Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
405 - Comparison of the role of political stability in the pattern of development of Malaysia and Turkey with the Islamic-Iranian model of progress
Amirebrahim Rasouli Gholam Reza Khaje SarvariThe countries of Iran, Turkey and Malaysia are three Islamic countries that are similar in terms of internal characteristics; all three are Muslim countries with a wide variety of ethnic and cultural diversity, which in the past have been tallied in the less developed c MoreThe countries of Iran, Turkey and Malaysia are three Islamic countries that are similar in terms of internal characteristics; all three are Muslim countries with a wide variety of ethnic and cultural diversity, which in the past have been tallied in the less developed countries, and almost simultaneously, Design the progress model. The Islamic Republic of Iran has been combined with Western modernization patterns and designs. The present study is an analytical descriptive study to evaluate the development patterns in the three countries. The strategic, strategic and strategic criterion in these countries is the impact and performance of this stability in the development of the country. Comparison of the pattern of progress in these countries showed that in all three models, the principles of Islam and the practice of Islamic principles are considered and the ultimate goal of governments in developing the country is to achieve the human goals of Islam, such as social justice and the elimination of poverty. The most effective and successful model of progress for any country is a model that is designed based on its political, social, cultural, and religious characteristics, with the emphasis and inspiration from the successful experiences of advanced countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
406 - A Study of the Relations of Iran and America from the Beginning till 1946 (On the Basis of Theory of Continuity of James Rosenau)
Sadegh Zibakalam Davood Afshari Hossein Asbaghi Ali SoleimaniThe relations of Iran and the United States is having an important place in contemporary history. Despite the importance of these relations there is an inadequacy of a theoretical framework for analysis of the relations between the two countries to help us to find out t MoreThe relations of Iran and the United States is having an important place in contemporary history. Despite the importance of these relations there is an inadequacy of a theoretical framework for analysis of the relations between the two countries to help us to find out the causes of the relations and its expansion. In this regard the present article with special method tries to identify important factors that played significant role in relations of the two countries. The paper examines these relations within the framework of continuity theory of James Rosenau. Therefore, the question raised by the article is what variables and factors led to the commencement and expansion of relations between the United States and Iran from the beginning till 1946. The paper has tried to answer the above questions within the framework of continuity theory of James Rosenau as such the commencement of relations can be explained with internal variables (individual, role, bureaucracy, society) and the expansion of relations besides internal variable with the help of external variable (international system and the increasing interests of the United States in Iran). With a close look at the relations of the two countries one can identify the increasing interests of the United States in Iran and come to know about the significance of the expansion of relations of the United States with Iran in its entire dimension. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
407 - The Impact of the Thirty-three Days War on Iran's Regional Status
Nozar Shafiee Ahmad MoradiThe vast and all-out Isreal's invasion to Lebanon in June which lasted for thirty three days can be considered as a turning point in Arab- Isreaeli conflicts. This war which is actually the sixth war between the two nations is longer, unique, and outstanding in differen MoreThe vast and all-out Isreal's invasion to Lebanon in June which lasted for thirty three days can be considered as a turning point in Arab- Isreaeli conflicts. This war which is actually the sixth war between the two nations is longer, unique, and outstanding in different dimensions when compared with other previous of Israel wars. This is due to Isreal's unattainable predetermined goals before this heavy war and within US support. It is a clear example of a very severe repetition of failure in withdrawing from South of Lebanon in . In this way, the Islamic Resistance warriors defeated the great Isreal invasion and consequently the domestic equations in Lebanon, Isreal, and the region changed, and new and fundamental developments occurred. This war has had both military and political ties impact on Iran, a country which has had close spiritual and political ties with Hezbollah. The main focus of this study is to see the effects of this thirty three- days war on Iran's regional status. The results reveal that the positive effects of this war in different dimensions have led to strengthening and promoting Iran's status in both regional and international levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - رابطه بین اضطراب کلاس درس زبان خارجی و پیشرفت زبان انگلیسی
فرهاد قربان دردی نژاد -
Open Access Article
409 - D-phenyl alanine-oxalic acid (D-Phe-Ox): A novel nano ionic liquid catalyzing the one-step green synthesis of functionalized spirolactones and dispirodihydro-furanyl oxindoles
Kobra Nikoofar Shiva Khani -
Open Access Article
410 - Investigating the relationship between social capital and environmental behavior of Shiraz residents
Asghar Mirfardi Dorna SalamatianA series of environmental issues, especially in metropolis, make it necessary to Consider environmental issues. This study aimed to investigate the environmental behavior of residents aged 18 and older in Shiraz and its relationship with social capital and gender. Using MoreA series of environmental issues, especially in metropolis, make it necessary to Consider environmental issues. This study aimed to investigate the environmental behavior of residents aged 18 and older in Shiraz and its relationship with social capital and gender. Using the survey method, a structured questionnaire used for data collection. The study sample was 1045 residents of Shiraz that selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, respectively. The results of the research showed that according to the coefficient of correlation (0.246) at the 99% significance level, there is a positive and significant relationship between the environmental behavior and social capital of the residents of Shiraz metropolis and their environmental behavior at the 99% level. Dimensions of social capital (social cohesion, normality, social trust, social participation and social interaction) also had a positive and significant relationship with environmental behavior. There was no significant relationship between interpersonal trust and social capital. Age also showed a positive and significant relationship with environmental behavior (p. value = 0.000). There was a significant difference at the level of 95% in the environmental citizenship of men and women. women had a stronger responsible environmental behavior. Developing and implementing policies that strengthen social capital to pursue collective interests such as the environment is an undeniable necessity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - .An investigation of attitude and enviromental behavior of shirazi citizens
Aliyar Ahmadi dorna salamatian fatemeh roostaMany of environmental threats, destruction of resources and pollution are the consequences of human behavior and only changes in human behavior can reduce enviromental problems. Attitudes toward the environment are among the most important criteria for predicting enviro MoreMany of environmental threats, destruction of resources and pollution are the consequences of human behavior and only changes in human behavior can reduce enviromental problems. Attitudes toward the environment are among the most important criteria for predicting environmental behavior. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between environmental attitudes and behavior of the citizens in Shiraz city. This was a survey study whose research population consisted of residents (15-60 age) of five districts of the city of Shiraz of which 268 citizens were chosen on the basis of Cochran formula via a random cluster sampling technique. A questionnaire which was based on Danlap scale was used to gather needed data. The mean and standard deviation of environmental behavior were 71/79±16.78 (in 0-100 scale) which varied in different groups. Ag, level of concern about environmental issues and its destructin, and educatin showed a significant relation with the dependent variable. In the final model, attitudes toward the environmental was the most important factor influencing environmental behavior. According to the results, it is necessary to assess and emphasize diverse cultural programs including the performance the media. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
412 - A BACKWARD DIFFERENTIATION FORMULA FOR THIRD-ORDER INITIAL OR BOUNDARY VALUES PROBLEMS USING COLLOCATION METHOD
GAFAR TIAMIYU Abosede COLE KHADEEJAH AUDU -
Open Access Article
413 - The political and social role of Mughira bin Sha'ba in consolidating and continuing the foundations of the Umayyad government
gholam ali salimgandomi Ghaffar Pourbakhtiar Abdolaziz MovahedAbstractMughira bin Shu'ba (50 AH) is known as one of arab clever politicians. He is one of the most influential persons in the history of Islam .Since he has played key roles in various affairs, this article aims to investigate the performance of Magirah by referring t MoreAbstractMughira bin Shu'ba (50 AH) is known as one of arab clever politicians. He is one of the most influential persons in the history of Islam .Since he has played key roles in various affairs, this article aims to investigate the performance of Magirah by referring to the main sources in order to investigate his political and social role in various affairs. and explore the hidden and visible scenes of the period of Muawyah’s caliphate. Mughira was one of the companions of the Prophet but after death of the prophet, with a political turn, he supported Rashidin caliphs in all aspects and after Mu'awiyah took power, while aligning his policies with Muawiyah's, he tried to stabilize the foundations of the Umayyad government first by annexation of ancestry , and then proposed Yazid's succession and took charge of its propaganda. So the essay aims to answer the main question. what effect did the thought and action of Mughira bin Sha'bah have on the process of establishing and continuing the caliphate of Mu'awiya bin Abu Sufyan and Yazid? In response to the above-mentioned question, this hypothesis is proposed that: the examination of historians' reports indicates that the thought and action of Mughira bin Sha'ba left a significant role in the consolidation and continuity of the foundations of Mu'awiya's and Yazid’s caliphate.The method of this research is descriptive and analytical based on library data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
414 - The stylistics of Zahir Faryabi's qasayed
Parvin Bekhradi Siroos Shamisa Abdolreza Modarreszadeh. Zahir Faryabi, was a sixth century A.H. poet born in Faryab(near Balkh) who immigrated to Neishabour and several other cities before his death in 598 AH in Tabriz. The beginning of Zahir's life coincided with the sedition of Ghoz that attacked Balkh and other cities More. Zahir Faryabi, was a sixth century A.H. poet born in Faryab(near Balkh) who immigrated to Neishabour and several other cities before his death in 598 AH in Tabriz. The beginning of Zahir's life coincided with the sedition of Ghoz that attacked Balkh and other cities in Khorasan. Thus Faryabi's immigration was not only due to a desire to seek literary knowledge but also for safety. That time there was families of Kharazmshahian, Iraqi Salajeghe and Atabakan who were not at all as powerful and glory as Ghaznavian and 1st Saljoughian, and poets had no honor and no reception. This was a matter which overshadowed poem’s of Zahir. Zahir ’s collection of poems consists of 3790 couplets of which 2292 couplets appear as 81 qaside (odes) and the remaining 1498 in other poetic forms. This article examines the texts from three perspectives: linguistic, literary, and intellectual by way of descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - Comparing and contrasting on "like a thirsty pot" poem (An analysis based on New Criticism)
Hojjatollah RabieiThis article seeks to use the proposed new critique method to study the poetry of " sabue teshne ...The Thirsty cebu" by Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, while explaining some of the key words and components underlined by the new critique, such as "tension" , "Subject" and "aironi MoreThis article seeks to use the proposed new critique method to study the poetry of " sabue teshne ...The Thirsty cebu" by Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, while explaining some of the key words and components underlined by the new critique, such as "tension" , "Subject" and "aironi ", to use them as an applied critique of this poem. Aiming to this , by reading precisely the poetry and examining the contradictions and inconsistencies and referring them to the main line of the poem, how the effect is configured. In this process, the audience is introduced step-by-step through a practical action critique from the perspective of new critique. The result of this research is that the components of the work are organized in harmony with each other and with the internal unity, and beyond the contradictions, poetry is the integrity and unity of organism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - Examining the literary points of Kashf al-Asrar Meybodi
Maryam Najafi Mazaher Nikkhah asghar RezapoorianKashf al-Asrar is one of the ancient Persian commentaries written by Rashid al-Din Meybodi more than nine centuries ago. In this commentary, below each verse in three stages (according to the author of the book three times) is stated. In this book, Rashid al-Din Meybodi MoreKashf al-Asrar is one of the ancient Persian commentaries written by Rashid al-Din Meybodi more than nine centuries ago. In this commentary, below each verse in three stages (according to the author of the book three times) is stated. In this book, Rashid al-Din Meybodi first translates some of the verses into fluent Persian without explanation (Al-Nubah Al-Awali), then explains the opinions of commentators and scholars on the interpretation of the same part (Al-Nubah Al-Thaniyah) and in the third section expresses mystical points. In particular, he quotes his master Khajeh Abdullah Ansari (Al-Noba al-Thalasha) and generally in this section the beauty of Meybodi Persian prose can be seen. Most of all, the beauty of the prose of this precious interpretation is shown by the stylistics of the third part, which has been studied in the present study in the form of linguistic, literary and intellectual features Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
417 - بررسی تغییرات هیستومورفولوژی روده و پاسخ بیوشیمی سرم خون جوجههای گوشتی تغذیه شده با گیاهان دارویی (Euphorbia hirta) و مخلوطی از اسیدهای اُرگانیک
س.ر. هاشمی ا. زولکیفلی ه. داودی م. هیر بجو ت.س. لوههدف از این مطالعه بررسی افزودن گیاه فرفیون (Euphorbia hirta) و ترکیبی از اسیدهای اُرگانیک بر مورفولوژی روده و برخی از پارامترهای خونی جوجههای گوشتی بود. بدین منظور تعداد 240 جوجه یکروزه گوشتی به طور مساوی به چهار تیمارغذایی شامل: 1) جیره پایه (کنترل)، 2) جیره پایه مک Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی افزودن گیاه فرفیون (Euphorbia hirta) و ترکیبی از اسیدهای اُرگانیک بر مورفولوژی روده و برخی از پارامترهای خونی جوجههای گوشتی بود. بدین منظور تعداد 240 جوجه یکروزه گوشتی به طور مساوی به چهار تیمارغذایی شامل: 1) جیره پایه (کنترل)، 2) جیره پایه مکمل شده با 5/7 گرم بر کیلوگرم گیاه فرفیون (EH 7.5)، 3) جیره پایه مکمل شده با 5/1 گرم بر کیلوگرم اسیدهای اُرگانیک (OA) و 4) جیره پایه مکمل شده با 5/7 گرم بر کیلوگرم گیاه فرفیون و 5/1 گرم بر کیلوگرم اسیدهای اُرگانیک (EHOA) تقسیم شدند. در روزهای 21 و 42 آزمایش خونگیری از پرندگان جهت بررسی پارامترهای خونی و در روز 42 آزمایش قسمتی از دئودنوم روده کوچک جهت بررسی بافتشناسی روده پس از کشتار انتخاب گردید. به طور کلی افزودن گیاه فرفیون و اسیدهای اُرگانیک (OA، EH 7.5 وEHOA ) باعث بهبود ضریب تبدیل غذایی نسبت به گروه کنترل گردید. همچنین افزودن گیاه فرفیون و اسیدهای اُرگانیک و ترکیب این دو مکمل باعث افزایش طول پرزهای روده نسبت به گروه کنترل شد. جوجههای تغذیه شده با اسیدهای اُرگانیک (OA) به طور معنیداری از عمق کریپت کمتری برخوردار بودند (05/0P<). همچنین نسبت طول پرز به عمق کریپت در جوجههای تغذیه شده با اسیدهای اُرگانیک (OA) به طور معنیداری نسبت به سایر تیمارهای آزمایشی بیشتر بود (05/0P<). پارامترهای خونی پرندگان تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایش قرار نگرفتند (05/0P>). به طور خلاصه نتایج آزمایشات نشان داد که افزودن گیاه فرفیون و اسیدهای اُرگانیک باعث بهبود ساختار روده کوچک و افزایش عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - اثرات مکمل کردن پوسته دانه چشم بلبلی (Vigna unguiculataa) و کنسانتره نجاری روی بزهای بویر از شیرگرفته شده
جی.کا. متهتهو م. لتسو اس.اس. رامابو کا. تشیرلتسوترکیب شیمیایی، قابلیت هضم آزمایشگاهی ماده خشک و عملکرد رشدی بزهای بویر از شیر گرفته مکمل شده با پوسته دانه چشم بلبلی و کنسانتره تجاری مطالعه و ارزیابی شد. جیره مبتنی بر علوفه مرتع طبیعی، به عنوان جیره پایه در نظر گرفته شد. بزهای بویر از شیر گرفته شده در یک طرح کاملاً تص Moreترکیب شیمیایی، قابلیت هضم آزمایشگاهی ماده خشک و عملکرد رشدی بزهای بویر از شیر گرفته مکمل شده با پوسته دانه چشم بلبلی و کنسانتره تجاری مطالعه و ارزیابی شد. جیره مبتنی بر علوفه مرتع طبیعی، به عنوان جیره پایه در نظر گرفته شد. بزهای بویر از شیر گرفته شده در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی به سه تیمار حاوی سه تکرار با 4 حیوان در هر تکرار (2 بزغاله نر و 2 بزغاله ماده) اختصاص یافتند. سن بره­ها بین 12 الی 18 ماه با وزن اولیه 5/17-38 کیلوگرم بود ( میانگین±انحراف معیار، 36/6±32/26). بزغاله­ها در یک دوره 42 روزه ازجیره­های: 1) جیره کنترل (جیره پایه بدون مکمل غذایی)، 2) جیره پایه مکمل شده با کنسانتره تجاری و 3) جیره پایه مکمل شده با پوسته دانه چشم بلبلی تغذیه شدند. هر یک از جیره­های مکمل شده در میزان 300 گرم در روز در 8 صبح قبل از اینکه بزها روی مرتع رهاسازی شوند در داخل آغول در اختیار بزها قرار گرفتند. بزهای گروه کنترل دارای اتلاف وزن به میزان 12/1 کیلوگرم بودند، در حالیکه بزهای تغدیه شده با جیره مکمل شده با کنسانتره تجاری و پوسته دانه چشم بلبلی به ترتیب 74/4 و 58/0 کیلوگرم افزایش وزن داشتند. پوسته دانه چشم بلبلی میتواند انرژی و پروتئین کافی به منظور حمایت از تولید در طی دوره خشک سال را تأمین کند. افزایش وزن بدست آمده در طی دوره خشک سال، به آسانی میتواند زمانیکه شرایط تغذیه بعد از اولین بارندگی طبیعی میشود، سریعاً افزایش داده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - Effects of Euphorbia hirta and Acidifiers Supplement on Resistance of Broiler Chickens against Salmonella enteritidis Infection: Oral Challenge Model
س.ر. هاشمی آ. زولکیفلی ه. داوودی م. هیر-بجو ز. زونیتا -
Open Access Article
420 - Investigating the Influencing Factors on Post-covid Tourism Development (Case Study: Shiraz City)
tara heidari orojloo amirabbas zare nastaran najdaghi Elahe heidari orojlooThe outbreak of Corona has had a great impact on the development of tourism. Many of these effects have continued in the Post-covid period, which has led to the stagnation of the tourism industry. The continuation of this trend is a serious warning to all governments. I MoreThe outbreak of Corona has had a great impact on the development of tourism. Many of these effects have continued in the Post-covid period, which has led to the stagnation of the tourism industry. The continuation of this trend is a serious warning to all governments. In this regard, great importance should be given to the general health of society as an important variable in economic growth and maintaining and developing the tourism industry of a country. Based on this, knowing the factors affecting the development of tourism in the Post-covid period can be effective in managing the challenges and advancing it, which was investigated in this research as a case study in the city of Shiraz. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the research was selected from the experts and specialists of the health tourism industry in Shiraz. 100 experts were selected as the sample size and were questioned randomly. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through the elite society and reliability through Cronbach's alpha with a coefficient of 0.81. The result of the statistical test showed that the social, economic, environmental, infrastructural and managerial factors were significant at a level of less than 0.05. Examining the average difference also confirmed that these factors have a positive impact on the development of Post-covid tourism. The result of the factor analysis also confirmed that contextual and causal factors are effective in the development of Post-covid tourism, and the highest weight or factor load is related to the innovation of urban managers with a weight of 0.994, and the strengthening of training courses for tourism development with a weight of 975. 0.0 and then strengthening group tours with 0.974. Also, Pearson's correlation analysis shows that there is a relationship at a level of less than 0.05 between the investigated factors and Post-covid tourism development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
421 - Evaluating the Level of Citizens' Satisfaction with the Performance of Urban Management in Field of Urban Services (Case Study: District Two of Shiraz Municipality)
tara heidari orojloo PARISA MOSHKSAR FATEMEH GHANBARIUrban services are considered as a tool of urban management and the main factor in the continuation of urban life, without which the citizens' lives will cease to function. Optimal and principled distribution of urban services in accordance with the wishes of the people MoreUrban services are considered as a tool of urban management and the main factor in the continuation of urban life, without which the citizens' lives will cease to function. Optimal and principled distribution of urban services in accordance with the wishes of the people is of great importance in the process of urban planning. In this research, it is tried to measure the level of citizens' satisfaction with the performance of urban management in the field of urban services in the two cities of Shiraz, so that with a proper understanding of the issue, basic strategies and solutions can be developed to improve and strengthen the performance of urban management in the field of services and increase It provided the satisfaction of the citizens of this region. The research method from the point of view of the practical purpose and from the aspect of the nature and method, due to the fact that it seeks to evaluate the level of satisfaction of citizens with the performance of urban management in the area of urban services in Region 2 of Shiraz Municipality, it is descriptive and in terms of time, it is a cross-sectional research type. come The statistical population of the research, based on the 2015 census, includes 178,116 citizens living in Region 2. The research sample is based on Cochran's formula, 384 people. The research collection tool is the questionnaire. The research collection tool is the questionnaire. The questions of the questionnaire are organized according to the objectives. After the necessary collection, the collected raw data was entered into the spss software and finally, based on the raw data entered into the software, the information from the questionnaires was obtained in two parts, descriptive and inferential. The results show that all three components of public services (with an average of 2.515), technical services (with an average of 2.385) and cultural services (with an average of 2.088) had a weak situation, and this means that the satisfaction of citizens towards They are weak. Examining the rank average of the Friedman test shows that the highest average rank was related to the index of the status of construction supervision, then the index of the status of public transportation and the index of the status of public green spaces. Also, the lowest rank was related to the index of the state of public health services and then the index of the state of people's participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
422 - A study of design indicators on energy consumption in traditional Iranian homes (Case study: Shiraz houses)
tara heidari orojloo afshin ghorbani param faramarz hassanpourToday, with the expansion of cities and the growth of the population and the consequent construction, the need and crisis of energy consumption, environmental pollution and its high economic costs, the use of climate solutions and solar energy to reduce energy consumpti MoreToday, with the expansion of cities and the growth of the population and the consequent construction, the need and crisis of energy consumption, environmental pollution and its high economic costs, the use of climate solutions and solar energy to reduce energy consumption has become an integral part of the energy issue. Is . The present study aims to investigate design indicators on energy consumption in traditional houses. This research is descriptive-analytical in nature and practical in terms of purpose; And the collection of information was realized by two library and field methods. The statistical population of the research is made up of 17,089 members of the architecture department of Fars Province Engineering System Organization living in Shiraz. Of these, 384 people were selected using Morgan's table. Information was collected using a questionnaire. All statistical analysis was done using Spss software. After examining the architectural indicators of traditional houses) use of water, maximum use of wind, use of light, provision of coolness with shade, use of green space, proportions and composition of architectural elements, materials, sustainable architectural design of spaces, orientation Building and organizing spaces (and solutions for climate architecture and active energy) (orientation and optimal form, thermal conductivity capacity of walls, shade and light-transmitting walls, etc.) Traditional houses designed climate-compatible housing that can provide maximum thermal comfort for residents and reduce energy consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
423 - Investigating the Performance of Integrated Urban Management in Regeneration of Dilapidated Urban Tissues (Case Study: Fakhrabad Neighborhood - Shiraz Metropolis)
Amirabbas Zare ali shamsoddini parisa moshksarThe study of the urbanization system in Iran shows the disproportion between urbanization growth and urban development, and this imbalance is the cause of various urban problems, including dilapidated fabric. Therefore, worn-out urban fabrics are one of the most challen MoreThe study of the urbanization system in Iran shows the disproportion between urbanization growth and urban development, and this imbalance is the cause of various urban problems, including dilapidated fabric. Therefore, worn-out urban fabrics are one of the most challenging issues in the urban space of Iran, which has caused disorganization, balance and unplanned urban life. The important point in this is the traditional performance of Iran's urban management system, which is the main factor in expanding the dimensions of the mentioned challenges. Therefore, according to the studies of this research, the problem of dilapidated tissues in Iranian cities is not only a result of urbanization, but it is caused by the lack of quality of urban management in order to improve the quality of life in these types of tissues. The metropolis of Shiraz, as one of the historical and important cities, has not been spared from these effects and issues. The purpose of this research is to investigate the function of integrated urban management in the regeneration of worn-out tissues in Shiraz metropolis and in Fakhrabad neighborhood. The descriptive-analytical research method and data collection methods are field (survey). The research collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population of this research was made up of citizens living in Fakhr Abad neighborhood of Shiraz, which totaled 1291 people. Based on Cochran's formula, the statistical sample was calculated as 296 people. The result of T-Tech test is an example in the field of measuring the performance of integrated urban management in recreating the worn-out fabric of Fakhrabad. It shows that four indicators including institutional development capacity, institutional integration and partners, institutional arrangements in dealing with the context and knowledge and institutional learning at a level less than 0.05 was significant. Examining the average indicators shows that their condition is evaluated poorly. The best situation is related to the index of institutional cooperation and integration with a value of 2.550 and the worst situation is related to the dimension of institutional knowledge and learning with an average of 2.343. Therefore, the status of all indicators of integrated urban management in recreating the worn-out fabric of Fakhrabad is considered unfavorable. Also, the result of Friedman's test at a level of less than 0.05 shows a significant difference between the indicators of the management of urban kiparche in the dilapidated context, and the biggest difference was related to the index of social capital within the institution, and then the efficiency and productivity of the institution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
424 - The Role of Environmental Participation in Improving the Level of Social Health of Shirvan Citizens
fatemeh raouf Mohammad Motamedi aliakbar poorahmadIn the new international evaluation, social health and social capital are considered as one of the important indicators of development, because the health of the individual and the society are so interdependent that it is impossible to set boundaries between them. A soc MoreIn the new international evaluation, social health and social capital are considered as one of the important indicators of development, because the health of the individual and the society are so interdependent that it is impossible to set boundaries between them. A socially healthy citizen is considered to be a valuable person in the society and can easily participate in city affairs. Therefore, the current research seeks to investigate the effect of environmental participation of the citizens of Shirvan in order to increase the social health of the citizens. descriptive-analytical method was used. The statistical population in this research is the residents of Shirvan city, which was obtained as a statistical sample of 384 people using Cochran's formula. Linear regression tests and partial square analysis were used to investigate the effect of the independent variable (citizens' environmental participation) on the dependent variable (social health) and the results of the two tests show that the effect is highly significant. The findings of the research showed that in the dimension of environmental participation with a value of 4.15, it has a high average, and among the dimensions of the social health index, in order, the dimension of social cohesion with an average value of 4.75, social acceptance with a value of 4.69, social prosperity with The value of 4.55 and social participation with the value of 4.10 have the highest averages, and then social adaptation with the value of 3.87 has obtained the lowest average. PLS statistical test was used to measure the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
425 - Identification of suitable areas for the presence of the elderly in urban areas using the AHP-Fuzzy model with emphasis on the environment-oriented psychology (Sample of Shiraz District 8)
ehsan amini sadegh seidbeigi sadegh ebrahimi Amir bakhshiForecasts for the next 40 years predict an increase in the elderly population more than other age groups. Thus, the number of people aged 60 and over as a proportion of the world's population is projected to more than double, from 880 million in 2012 to 2 billion by 205 MoreForecasts for the next 40 years predict an increase in the elderly population more than other age groups. Thus, the number of people aged 60 and over as a proportion of the world's population is projected to more than double, from 880 million in 2012 to 2 billion by 2050. The largest increase is projected in the 80-year-old class and above. The number of centenarians is growing even faster and is projected to increase tenfold, from approximately 343,000 in 2012 to 3.2 million by 2050. One of the groups that need further study in urban areas is the elderly group. In fact, moving towards urban adaptation for the elderly is a kind of movement towards urban sustainability. Accordingly, in this study, suitable spaces for the presence of the elderly with the approach of geriatric psychology using the AHP-Fuzzy model in the 8th district of Shiraz have been identified. Research method in this research in terms of results and consequences of research of a fundamental-strategic type and in terms of implementation process; Quantitatively and logically, reasoning is of the type of deductive research, and also in terms of time is part of cross-sectional research and in terms of purpose is analytical research. The statistical population includes the elderly of District 8, which is equal to 2477 people, and the sample size according to Cochran's formula is 285 people. The data used were collected using a questionnaire and connected to the fishnet network, and the AHP model was used for weighting, which had the highest weight in terms of physical environment and personal and social characteristics. After applying the obtained weight on the fuzzy maps, the layers were superimposed using the five fuzzy functions, which was selected as the final map according to the evaluation of the gamma function model to identify suitable places for the presence of the elderly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
426 - Identifying and prioritizing the characteristics of Shiraz traditional houses with the (AHP) method
tara heidari orojloo afshin ghorbani param faramarz hassanpourThe present research was conducted with the aim of providing a suitable model of housing design in line with the use of solar energy and climatic and spatial elements of the traditional architecture of Shiraz houses. This research is descriptive-analytical in nature and MoreThe present research was conducted with the aim of providing a suitable model of housing design in line with the use of solar energy and climatic and spatial elements of the traditional architecture of Shiraz houses. This research is descriptive-analytical in nature and practical in terms of purpose; And the collection of information was realized from both library and field methods. In this regard, after library studies, interviews with 5 people who are experts in the field of architecture and after extracting indicators, models for contemporary housing were presented. providing coolness with shade, use of green spaces, proportions and composition of architectural elements, materials, sustainable architectural design of spaces, building orientation and organization of spaces (and climate architecture and active energy solutions) (optimal orientation and form, thermal conductivity capacity of walls, shade and light-transmitting walls, etc.), energy calculations and modernizing these indicators (using the central courtyard (atrium), creating an opening above the stairs, movable shades, fixed and porous shades, 3-pane glass with argon middle gas, using Leica block and ....) The results indicate that with the optimal models presented, it is possible to design a climate-compatible home that can provide maximum thermal comfort for the residents and reduce energy consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - Zobdatol Favayed, an Anonymous Culture in the History of Persian Lexicography
yahya kardgar Ali SoleimaniThe culture of "Zobdatol Favayed" written by the tenth-century Afghan author Shirkhan Soor is one of the valuable but unknown and unknown cultures of the age of Indian lexicography, which despite its great value, has not received much attention from scholars and scholar MoreThe culture of "Zobdatol Favayed" written by the tenth-century Afghan author Shirkhan Soor is one of the valuable but unknown and unknown cultures of the age of Indian lexicography, which despite its great value, has not received much attention from scholars and scholars. In this monolingual encyclopedic dictionary, Shir Khan Sour has explained about twenty thousand words, compositions and terms in Persian to Persian. Apart from the above lexical range and detailed scope of this work, in this culture, other basic features such as the use of known and unknown cultures of the past and the present, attention to the words and terms of masterpieces of Persian poetry, providing abundant Persian poetic evidence and Arabic, explanation of verses, the problem of Persian literature texts and quotations of commentators in the description of verses, translation of Arabic evidences, critical view of Persian cultures, etc. can be seen that has given a good comprehensiveness to this culture. Although the diversity of the interventions of this culture is its strong point, but sometimes it has caused mistakes while explaining the interventions, and the elimination of these mistakes requires a critical look at correcting this culture. Due to the great importance and neglect of this culture, the authors are correcting this precious work and will try to provide a worthy correction of this anonymous Persian language work soon with a critical look. In this study, due to the anonymity of Zobdatol Favayed and the unknown of Shir Khan Sour, an attempt is made to. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - A Study of Didactic Themes in the Unknown Masnavi of Zahir Kermani
Pari Malmoly Ahmadreza Yalameha Parisa DavariZahir Kermani's Masnavi is one of the precious literary works of the twelfth century AH, which is full of didactic teachings that have not been published yet. This collection is replete with didactic themes and meanings that the poet has used according to his excitation MoreZahir Kermani's Masnavi is one of the precious literary works of the twelfth century AH, which is full of didactic teachings that have not been published yet. This collection is replete with didactic themes and meanings that the poet has used according to his excitation and zeal. Wherever he has the opportunity, he has given advice to the audience. In the present study, the researcher decided to discuss the educational and moral themes and backgrounds in this lyrical collection for the first time by using the documentary-library method of analysis. The most important question in this research is whether the traces of the poet's religious thoughts and beliefs are evident in this work and whether in addition to individual ethics, social ethics is also considered in this work. The research results show that the poet in Shiite school of thought and the source of his thoughts derives from the Shiite school, the verses and hadiths of the Ahl al-Bayt of infallibility and purity. These thoughts are clearly reflected in his poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - Discourse of Tolerance and Educational Approach in Fereydoon Moshiri's Poetry
Abbas Baghinejad Barat Mohammadi Forough JaliliFereydoon Moshiri is one of the prominent contemporary poets who, during several decades of being a poet, has benefited from his poetry as an opportunity to praise moral and social values. He has tried to promote kindness, altruism, benevolence, and similar qualities. S MoreFereydoon Moshiri is one of the prominent contemporary poets who, during several decades of being a poet, has benefited from his poetry as an opportunity to praise moral and social values. He has tried to promote kindness, altruism, benevolence, and similar qualities. Such an approach indicates the predominance of humanistic and idealistic thoughts, as well as a sociological tendency, in the content of Moshiri's poetry. This approach has given his words an educational norm and created the ground for the development of social discourse with unique characteristics. He has provided a discourse that can be evaluated as promoting the spirit of tolerance and teaching tolerance in this article, the origin, dimensions, and causes of Moshiri's tolerant stance towards human and social issues are explained. The components and manifestations of tolerant discourse in his poetry are examined and analyzed. The findings of this research show that the dominant discourse of Moshiri's poetry is the result of his human attitude and spirit of tolerance. It is also closely connected with Moshiri's responsible attitude towards human issues, which is reflected in his mind and simple language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - Comparative study of educational poems attributed to Imam Reza (as) With Saadi Shirazi's educational poems with an intertextual theory approach
Faroogh Nemati Seyedeh Somayeh Mosavi Salem Ayoob MoradiAnalysis examines the relationship between a text and other earlier or contemporary texts with an "intertextual" approach. Intertextuality was one of Julia Cristova's innovations, which was later expanded with the research of Gerard Genet and found several sub-branches. MoreAnalysis examines the relationship between a text and other earlier or contemporary texts with an "intertextual" approach. Intertextuality was one of Julia Cristova's innovations, which was later expanded with the research of Gerard Genet and found several sub-branches. Educational literature seeks to teach moral and educational points in a way that is one of the most important areas of education in the context of the goals of human growth and excellence. Imam Reza (AS), who is the embodiment of the most beautiful and highest moral manifestations, by examining his poems, we find that the poetry of that Imam (AS) is tied to the rules and concepts of teaching and morality. Meanwhile, Saadi Shirazi, whose garden and orchard are the mainstay of all educational literature in the field of ancient Persian poetry, has included many moral-educational themes in his poems. What can be considered in comparing the educational poems of Imam Reza (AS) with the educational themes in Saadi's poems is very similar to these poems; It is as if Saadi, after a few centuries, has repeated the moral messages of that Imam (as) again with other words. In this research, the author tries to use the theory of intertextuality, while emphasizing the educational and moral themes in Imam Reza's (AS) poems, to discuss the similarities and commonalities of Saadi's educational poems with Razavi's poems and pass it on. Educational literature to examine and Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - .The position of news and composition in transmission of educational ideas in Nizami’s "Khosrow and Shirin"
SeyedeMaryam Rozatiyan Farzane Amirpour Hosein AghahoseiniHakim Nezami is one the greatest poets of Persian literature that has paid attention to didactic thoughts in his works. In the most lyrical work; namely, Khosrow and Shirin he has frequently referred to moral and educational issues. Therefore, he has benefited from the MoreHakim Nezami is one the greatest poets of Persian literature that has paid attention to didactic thoughts in his works. In the most lyrical work; namely, Khosrow and Shirin he has frequently referred to moral and educational issues. Therefore, he has benefited from the means of rhetoric devices especially semantics effectively. This great poet by use of rhetoric devices and its appropriate tools like declarative, imperative, and interrogative sentences in an effective way has managed to convey moral concepts and teach them to his readers. Furthermore, in this way the role of readers become more dominant in the texts. The present paper tries to investigate this subject and its effect on conveying educational thoughts of poet in a lyrical text. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - Analyzing the Behaviors of Nezami's Characters Khosrow and Shirin Based on Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
Simin Arami Ali Dehghan Zhyla Serati Hosein HajizadehNezami's Khosrow and Shirin is not composed to teach ethics; however, the ethics in the behavior of the characters of the lyrical stories of this work has unique features. morality finds a unique feature of characters' behaviors in his poems. Because in the dilemma of r MoreNezami's Khosrow and Shirin is not composed to teach ethics; however, the ethics in the behavior of the characters of the lyrical stories of this work has unique features. morality finds a unique feature of characters' behaviors in his poems. Because in the dilemma of relationships and sometimes beyond the rein of love, ethics and morality get stuck in unconventional situation. Nizami’s works have already been studied in terms of the ethics and morality. However, in this study, the ethical behavior of the characters of the poetic cycle and their morality is to be analyzed according to a scientific theory. Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development is one of the psychological and cognitive approaches to the ethics and morality and various studies have been done base upon this theory. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the behaviors of the characters of Khosrow and Shirin according to the moral stages of Lawrence Kohlberg. This approach has not already been used in Panj Ganj. According to the research results, regarding the behavior of characters, six group or six main ethical components were identified. Each of these components include various behaviors. Each behavior is due to specific motivation or logic which is also illustrated in Kohlberg’s theory Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - The relationship between literature and ethics, an approach to Nezami Ganjei's works
eshagh Toghyani hafez hatamiIn this research, the attempt is to answer to a basic question about Nezami Ganjei's works and idealogy and political philosophy of the poet with regard to his five works.the question is" Are the stories of Nezami Ganjei ethical or anti-ethical?"In order to answer to th MoreIn this research, the attempt is to answer to a basic question about Nezami Ganjei's works and idealogy and political philosophy of the poet with regard to his five works.the question is" Are the stories of Nezami Ganjei ethical or anti-ethical?"In order to answer to this question other questins will arise such as following "what is the relationship between ethics and literature and generally speaking art?" Do we want art and literature spread ethics or ant-ethics in the society? Are ehics and literature separated? Afterwards, the lingual differences of Nezami in his long poems mostly Haft Peykar will help us solving the riddle.without a doubt, in this comparison, we come across with the obvious differences in the language of this great poet with abundenant frequency in such away that it can be called style change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - Andarz Nameh, a newly found treatise from Besmel Shirazi
ahmadreza YalamehaAndarz Nameh is a general title for books, and treatises which pay to the wisdom, moral instructions, educational and religious advices that constitutes a large part of didactic literature. The basis of these works is on ethics and their subjects are moral style of livi MoreAndarz Nameh is a general title for books, and treatises which pay to the wisdom, moral instructions, educational and religious advices that constitutes a large part of didactic literature. The basis of these works is on ethics and their subjects are moral style of living, and ways of dealing with people. The structure of Andarz Nameh is also various and composed of three framework of prose, poetry and prose advices. Although many pre-Islamic advices have been recognized, a complete list of this type hasn’t been formulated and there are still many unknown Andarz Nameh. One of these Andarz Nameh is Ali Akbar Navab Shirazi Andarz Nameh, great poet and literary man of 13th century known as Besmel. This literary work is in form of three manuscripts and picture, which is still in the central library of Tehran university and hasn’t edited or published yet. This research paper firstly looks briefly at writing Andarz Nameh in the Persian literature and then introduces the remaining manuscript copy of Ali Akbar Navab Shirazi Andarz Nameh along with a short analysis of it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - An analysis of the Techniques and the Didactic Teachings in Abdolrahim Shirvani's Hedāyat Nāme
Sedighe dorosti Mojtaba Safar Alizadeh Shahriar HasanzadehDidactic poems are an extensive part of Persian literature. From a literary point of view, these poems reflect the dignity of the work and the thought of the poet in didactic aspects, both theoretically and practically. Hedāyat Nāme (means letter for guidance) written b MoreDidactic poems are an extensive part of Persian literature. From a literary point of view, these poems reflect the dignity of the work and the thought of the poet in didactic aspects, both theoretically and practically. Hedāyat Nāme (means letter for guidance) written by Mieza Abd al-Rahim Shirvani, whose pen name is Hazin, and he is one of the orators of the twelfth century AH, is replete with the didactic teachings in the Qajar period. This manuscript collection, which is one of the valuable moral works has not been known yet. For the sake of the seekers of wisdom, Hedāyat Nāme is a didactic work whose educational themes and meanings are based on the religious knowledge, social culture, and the moral teachings in which the poet has an intellectual and artistic responsibility based upon the common educational discourse. In this study, the authors intend to introduce briefly the system of guidance and examine the status and impact of religious and moral teachings used in this work. The results of the research indicate that the poet is a sophisticated person expressing educational criteria in his anecdotes according to the situation. In this work, the positive moral teachings of kindness to parents, prayer, gratitude, piety, hope, fulfilling the promise, etc. occurred frequently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - The Thunder of Revolt A study on the different manifestations of sins in Hafez’s Poetry
hassan BassakSin is one of the new aspects Hafez has had in his poetry. It is not possible to present a clear outlook on different aspects of sin without a comprehensive look on his poetry. Hafez’s consideration on various aspects of the matter is of high value. He believes th MoreSin is one of the new aspects Hafez has had in his poetry. It is not possible to present a clear outlook on different aspects of sin without a comprehensive look on his poetry. Hafez’s consideration on various aspects of the matter is of high value. He believes that the aptitude to sin is gifted in human being, so it is eternal and belongs to human destiny. It shows that human being tends to chaos although repent is an opportunity for him to gain spiritual evolution within himself. Human challenges with sin and narrating his conditions through Hafez bring a lot of questions and ambiguities about Hafez and his poetry. Considering adherence or non-adherence in Hafez and his belief in religious values provide lots of different perspectives on him to make superficial and sinful understanding of Hafez’s poetry. In Hafez’s view, the ability to sin does not mean the permission of blame, but it represents the belief that sin will not hurt religion. Therefore, Hafez assumes pretending sin against the proud of innocence – which emphasizes on its incorrectness – in the world of poetry. Pretending sin is the main point in Hafez’s poetry. It is on the opposite side of those pretending purity. To avoid the second group, Hafez tries to distance them to show he does not follow them. He knows innocent plaintiffs as real sinful individuals whose understanding is blur through proud and selfishness. According to Hafez, if piety and asceticism are considered as means of gaining value or to be considered magnificently in austere view, they will lose their values and worthiness. One of the most crucial factors in Hafez’s idea towards sin is his positive understanding of human relationship with God and his dependence on His commiseration. Through presenting his idea, Hafez tries to challenge those who not only claim their purity, but also cherish hypocrisy and selfishness. Hafez fights with insincerity and deceitfulness. Based on thought and philosophy taken from Hafez’s poetry, the present article investigates the educational aspects of revolt and sin. Therefore, sin expression of Hafez, pure libertinism and rebuking, avoidance of unity with hypocrites as well as mysticism and worthiness were analyzed through religion, morality and immorality, sin outcome and the effects of purity, sin and human willingness and finally God approbation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - Sa'di's Sidestepping from Taking Advice Unlike His Habit
Mahboobe MoslemizadehAdvice, in any kind and purpose, shows the direction of man's thoughts toward the improvement of his life's conditions and obtaining prosperity. Sa'di, the Iranian supreme moral poet, whenever begins to give advice, talks so delicately, tenderly and firmly; his advices MoreAdvice, in any kind and purpose, shows the direction of man's thoughts toward the improvement of his life's conditions and obtaining prosperity. Sa'di, the Iranian supreme moral poet, whenever begins to give advice, talks so delicately, tenderly and firmly; his advices have been imitated during his next periods. The question of this article is that some Sa'di Ghazals, contrary to his other works that have made him well known for his teachings and experiences contains sidestepping from taking advice, in these ghazals, he not only avoids advice instead of advising his addressed, but also requests the adviser not to recommend him anymore, because he is involved in an incurable sickness i.e. the madness of love that is not match with the wisdom, and the advice which origins from the wisdom, has no opportunity to affect him. The method of this research is study and analysis; the conclusion is extracting and analyzing verses in which Sa'di avoids frankly any wisdom and taking advice but does not deviate from morality at all and emphasizes that in any case he takes advice except for love in which he cannot accept any recommendation on having patience for his beloved even in return for suffering hardships. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - Components of Didactic Genre in the Azhari Shirazi’s Resale-ye Kamal (Treaties of Perfection)
Fariba Chini Fatemeh Sadat TaheriBudaq Azhari Shirazi, an unknown poet of the tenth and eleventh centuries AH, has a poetic collection of 10,385 lines, which he called Resale-ye Kamal (Treaties of Perfection). The present article studies the didactic factors in Azhari’s poems. By using a descript MoreBudaq Azhari Shirazi, an unknown poet of the tenth and eleventh centuries AH, has a poetic collection of 10,385 lines, which he called Resale-ye Kamal (Treaties of Perfection). The present article studies the didactic factors in Azhari’s poems. By using a descriptive-analytical method based on Azhari’s poems, the researchers also attempt to answer what didactic teachings are in Azhari’s Resale-ye Kamal and what methods did the poet use to explain them? Through answering this question, the researchers argue that praising the Prophet’s family and Imams, the eulogy of the Safavid sultans, virtual love, the description of life events, satire and sarcasm are the main themes of Azhari's poetry. Like many previous poets, the poet advises and teaches goodness (affirmative education) to his specific and general audience, or forbids them from ugliness and evil (negative education). He has done it sometimes independently and sometimes in the midst of other literary themes and forms. Azhari teaches his educations to the audience either in the direct or in the indirect ways which includes using the devices of storytelling, abstraction, allusion to Quran verses and stories, allegories and genomic verse, hymn, oath, complaint, redundancies, satire and fables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
439 - The study of strengthening clusters of persuading and warning teachings in Khosrow and Shirin (With emphasis on the death cluster)
Mehdi DehramiPersian poets in order to represent their moral teachings as crucial, pervasive, and enforceable commands the y have to add various reinforces and performance guarantees to them. Therefore, the poets employed larger teachings to train small ones. As a result, we can ana MorePersian poets in order to represent their moral teachings as crucial, pervasive, and enforceable commands the y have to add various reinforces and performance guarantees to them. Therefore, the poets employed larger teachings to train small ones. As a result, we can analyze many teachings in the form of clusters instead of scattered and separate ones. The purpose of this paper is to study one of these clusters with emphasis on Khosrow and Shirin through descriptive exposition (content analysis). The position of this cluster in reinforcing of warning and persuading commands has been displayed. In order to do this, death has been selected as one of the main cluster which many secondary teachings included within its subset. Death is a reality that has interwoven many of warning teachings like self-praise, pride, laziness, boastful to one’s body strength etc. and persuading teaching like happy living, remembering God, retaining clean nature of human etc.… in Khosrow and Shirin. Generally, many of virtues and villainies whether directly or indirectly and punishing after this acciodent have been strengthened with the thought of death Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
440 - Ike's parasite Sychlayydh and a type of carp in the city alashtar
azade niaziAbstractIchthyophthirius Multifiiliis caused "Ich" or "White spot disease" which is the most important parasitic protozoan disease in aquarists and commercial fish.The disease detected by presence of white spots on the skin, fin or gills. In this study five groups of f MoreAbstractIchthyophthirius Multifiiliis caused "Ich" or "White spot disease" which is the most important parasitic protozoan disease in aquarists and commercial fish.The disease detected by presence of white spots on the skin, fin or gills. In this study five groups of fish aquarium included Oscar, flower, discus, gold fish and angel were used in Aleshtar city.All groups were contaminated by the parasite after seven days and then infection and mortalities rates of each groups were estimated in the fifth and tenth.The results showed discus and flower fish were most susceptible to the parasite.(p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
441 - The Effect of the War on the Growth and Economic Development of Rural Settlement of Qasreshirin County (Iran)
G. firoznia E. jasemi B. Gharani AraniSometimes long-term effects are more than direct and indirect effects in time of war. In this article, the effect of the imposed war on trend of economic development of selected villages in the border Qasreshirin County was reviewed. The main question is: what are the e MoreSometimes long-term effects are more than direct and indirect effects in time of war. In this article, the effect of the imposed war on trend of economic development of selected villages in the border Qasreshirin County was reviewed. The main question is: what are the effects of Iraqi imposed war against Iran on growth and economic development of rural areas of Qasreshirin County? The data used is collected using documentary and field survey. 199 questionnaires for households and 15 for rural experts living in rural areas have been used in the field study. The population study is 1085 households in 33 war-torn villages of this County. Of these villages, 15 villages and 214 households from these villages were determined as sample. For hypothesis test and measure the impact of the war in rural settlements, responses to locutions were combined using “Compute Variable” and eventually it was tested using one sample T-test. The results showed that war has been affected on the region's economic indicators and caused slow growth and economic development of Qasreshirin County. In addition to direct damage in time of war, other numerous damages have left. According to the results it can be said that in addition some effects of war has left several generations, some of the economic effects of war are still visible in the villages and after these years has not been compensated. Hence it need provide necessary conditions for the development of the village with special attention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - On the Analysis of the Role of Hire Purchase Housing in Meeting the Urban Groups' Needs (Case Study: Karaj Cities)
K. ziyari B. Habibiyan M. Varshoy F. GashtilHousing and its provision has always been one of the most important issues of urban management for low-income urban groups from past to present. It seems that applied policies in this context were not appropriate enough because of the disproportionate economic and socia MoreHousing and its provision has always been one of the most important issues of urban management for low-income urban groups from past to present. It seems that applied policies in this context were not appropriate enough because of the disproportionate economic and social conditions of low-income groups. The objective of this study was to analyze the implementation of hire purchase housing policy in Alborz province (Karaj city) and its role in meeting the quantitative and qualitative needs of target groups. This study was quantitative–analytical. The data were collected through library studies and survey method through questionnaire and interview tools. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software by descriptive and inferential (one sample t test and two independent t test) methods. The results show hire-purchase housing policy generally failed to meet the required quantitative and qualitative needs of supplying of supplying house for target groups and the residents were not satisfied with the Terms of assignment, physical housing quality and access to urban services and facilities and only access to police services has provided satisfaction with them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
443 - Evaluating the Components of Social and Economic Resilience against earthquake in the 3rd Municipal District of Shiraz City
Parisa Moshksar Yaghoob Peyvastehgar Ali ShamsoddiniToday, local communities are struggling to find conditions that will allow them to return quickly to the pre-crisis situation in the event of a crisis. In recent years, emphasis has been placed on the issue of resilience rather than vulnerability. resilience is the abil MoreToday, local communities are struggling to find conditions that will allow them to return quickly to the pre-crisis situation in the event of a crisis. In recent years, emphasis has been placed on the issue of resilience rather than vulnerability. resilience is the ability of a system to absorb perturbation, or the magnitude of disturbance that can be absorbed before a system changes its structure by changing the variables. Shiraz is located in the Zagros seismic zone with high seismicity. Considering the importance of existing land uses in the 3rd municipal district of Shiraz city, the aim of this study was an evaluation of social and economic resilience in this district. This applied research is using descriptive and analytical methods. The indicators of social and economic resilience were identified from the literature, and then data were collected through a field study using questionnaires. Data were analysed using multiple linear regression and feedforward multilayer perceptron artificial neural network. Linear regression indicated that a decrease in share of income spent on necessities could result in an increase in social and economic resilience of the households under study. Neural network analysis revealed that social capital and employment recovery are the most and least effective factors. In the population under study, social component, was the most important determinant of resilience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
444 - Investigating Environmental Factors in Security of Urban Public Spaces Using Path Analysis Model (A Case Study: Of Shiraz City)
Sedighe Lotfi Mohammad SasaniporSecurity is the most fundamental need of human being and its provision is one of the preconditions to attain better spiritual life. Shiraz due to many different factors such as cultural diversity is facing serious security problems. These problems are embedded in physic MoreSecurity is the most fundamental need of human being and its provision is one of the preconditions to attain better spiritual life. Shiraz due to many different factors such as cultural diversity is facing serious security problems. These problems are embedded in physical, socio-economic status of the city. In this article the impacts of environmental elements on the sense of security is studied in public space. The methodology of the research is based on descriptive-analytical approach which was accompanied by conducting a field work tom complete the questionnaires and the samples were dispatched using random method which 386 samples The model of path analysis was used to determine the influential factors on the level of satisfaction in public space and by using the applied software of EQS the direct and indirect impacts of independent variables on the depended variable were analyzed. The results of research showed that the highest impact which influenced directly on depended variable belonged to informative elements such as light, gender, accessibility to transport. In general, the impact of gender and informative elements with the score of 0.311 and 0.258 showed greater influence respectively. The variables of congestion and form with sum score of 0.02 and 0.06 had the lowest influence on sense of security respectively. Therefore the structural equitation indicated that the level of sense of place could be predicted by accessing the standard score relevant to influential environmental factors on security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
445 - Mental mapping of the Third-living Space of the City, A Comparative Study of Residents of Formal and Informal Settlements in Rasht
hamid rokhsari Maryam Jafari Mehrabadi Hossein HataminejadThird city space is the same living, social or substitute city space.This space is in the mental maps as the socio-cultural space of the city.In this research, according to this approach, a recent methodology in the study of mental maps has been devoted to the study of MoreThird city space is the same living, social or substitute city space.This space is in the mental maps as the socio-cultural space of the city.In this research, according to this approach, a recent methodology in the study of mental maps has been devoted to the study of the third living space of the city of Rasht in the residents of the formal settlements of District 1 and residents of the informal settlements of the 4 district of Rasht.In this research, the sample size of 60 people from two groups of inhabitants of the settlements was surveyed using theoretical sampling. The information harvesting method has been "interview and observation"; the type of information included: maps, censuses, and photographs.To analyze the qualitative data of the research, the methods of the democratic mapping analysis including qualitative GIS (QGIS) under the analysis of the Space-Time Paths and activities to the analysis of the third-lived space in the mental maps of residents of formal settlements District 1 and residents of informal settlements in the 4 district of Rasht. and the results of the research indicate that, given the mental maps of these two groups of residents, the expansion of the role and place of the class in the "social production of space" has been problematic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - Analysis on the role of Social Capital in Capacity Building of Shairaz Brand (Case Study: District 2 of Shiraz)
Majid Rahmani karim Hosseinzadeh dalir Mohammadreza PakdelfardIntroduction: Social capital includes aspects of social structure that facilitate collective action and mobilize resources. James Coleman believes that projecting social capital as recourse is one of the ways to introduce social structure in to the paradigm of rational MoreIntroduction: Social capital includes aspects of social structure that facilitate collective action and mobilize resources. James Coleman believes that projecting social capital as recourse is one of the ways to introduce social structure in to the paradigm of rational action. City branding is the representation of this action in the field of cultural economy actors of the city which is a collective consequence and necessity arising from the complexities from the field of globalization, financial capitalism and Hollywood cinema.Research Aime: general explanation and theoretical understanding of social capital and city branding, explanation and reasoning of the role of social capital and social network in capacity building of the production of city brand, evaluation of the social capital in the scale of street, neighborhood and whole city in second district of municipality, evaluation the effect of multi level social capital in capacity building of "Shiraz brand".Methodology: The research method is descriptive- analytical. Three- level scale of street, neighborhood and the whole city of 2 district of Shiraz municipality has been considered to measure social capital.Studied Areas: 2 district of municipality of is one of the eight districts of Shiraz municipality that placed in the south and west of the historical context and it extends along Modares and Abuzar axes to the western borders of the Shiraz airport. Its area is over 1680 hec and currently it has population of 178000 people. Results: Shiraz is the city of Hafez's poetry. The representation of collective spirit in the literacy of city and romantic poetry and pre- branding of Shiraz. This article is looking for urban creations and capacity building such as business and brand through the reproduction of social capital in the 2 district of Shiraz municipality.Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that the structural reproduction and capacity building of Shiraz brand is in the international context with the social capital of people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
447 - Analysis of Economic Barriers to Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Areas With structural and institutional approach Case Study: Zoeram Rural District, Shirvan County
seyede parvin hoseyni hossein farahaniAbstractToday, the world of economics has shifted from a large-scale management-oriented economy to a small-scale entrepreneurial economy, and entrepreneurship - especially in small and medium-sized businesses - is recognized as a way to adapt to the changing environmen MoreAbstractToday, the world of economics has shifted from a large-scale management-oriented economy to a small-scale entrepreneurial economy, and entrepreneurship - especially in small and medium-sized businesses - is recognized as a way to adapt to the changing environment and driving force of the economy. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the economic barriers to the development of tourism entrepreneurship in rural areas, which is in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method and according to the practical objectives. The statistical population in this study includes people living in the villages of Zavaram district. In collecting information and data, library and field studies (observation and completion of the questionnaire) were used. After collecting information through the questionnaire, the data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and path analysis. The results showed that there is a direct relationship between economic barriers and structural institutional change with 0.235 percent, it is significant up to 95 percent, and economic barriers are considered effective, while economic barriers (failure of economic facilities, failure of support systems) , Supply and demand gap, inadequacy of coordination and economic participation, policy-making and legislation) are important and influential, such as the index of inadequacy of coordination and economic participation (0.388), failure of support systems (0.281), policy-making and legislation ( 0.132) are three indicators that have been assigned the first to third priorities in terms of effectiveness.According to the results, economic barriers are known to be effective, effective and undesirable, and in order to develop entrepreneurship in rural areas, major changes must be made in the structure and institution of various economic areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
448 - Analysis of the effects of third places on promoting social sustainability in Zone 6 of the metropolis of Tehran.
کوثر قبادی Reza valizade ali azar Ali PanahiIntroduction: Third places refer to public spaces in cities that, in addition to their primary functions, are used for recreational, cultural, social, and educational activities. In fact, these spaces are made available to citizens as places with various uses. The main MoreIntroduction: Third places refer to public spaces in cities that, in addition to their primary functions, are used for recreational, cultural, social, and educational activities. In fact, these spaces are made available to citizens as places with various uses. The main goal of creating such places is to provide suitable and sustainable spaces to attract citizens and increase sustainability and social interactions, as well as to create identity for urban spacesResearch aim: The aim of this article is to investigate the effectiveness of third places on the sustainability of urban spaces.Methodology: This research is descriptive-analytical in nature and purposive in terms of objective. The statistical population in this study consists of 30 experts and community leaders, as well as urban managers, who were selected through purposive sampling and analyzed using fuzzy DEMATEL method.Studied Areas: The geographic scope of this study is Region 6 of the Tehran metropolis.Results: : The research results show that social factors in third places have been very effective in promoting sustainability, and the economic factor has also been identified as one of the contributing factors, influenced by other dimensions. On the other hand, the managerial-institutional factor has been of greater importance for improving public spaces and promoting urban sustainability.Conclusion: Attention to the influential and susceptible factors should be considered as a requirement and necessity for urban policymakers and managers in promoting the environmental conditions of public spaces and developing third places.Conclusion: Attention to the influential and susceptible factors should be considered as a requirement and necessity for urban policymakers and managers in promoting the environmental conditions of public spaces and developing third places. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
449 - Comparative study of the economic structure of tribes Qasr-e Shirin and Saveh
وحید ریاحی ماریا مرادی محمد نظری موسی صادقیIn recent years, tribes were faced with many problems. due to social change - economically in the country, droughts and water shortages and loss of pastures. the purpose of this reaserch is study of economy between two groups of tribes in Qasr-e Shirin and S MoreIn recent years, tribes were faced with many problems. due to social change - economically in the country, droughts and water shortages and loss of pastures. the purpose of this reaserch is study of economy between two groups of tribes in Qasr-e Shirin and Saveh. Method of study is rsearch documents, library and field research, statistical research community 580 households (500 households and 80 households in the Qasr-e Shirin in Saveh) and the 150 sample households, 70 households in the Qasr-e Shirin and 80 households in the Saveh. the survey results show: first tribe in the mountains head Saveh economic situation is better than Qasr-e Shirin.Crafts Qasr-e Shirin tribes of nomads is Saveh . but the potential of handicrafts among the nomads is Saveh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
450 - On the Analysis of Persistent Different Age Groups in Villages Exposed Sand (Case Study Hirmand County, Sistan and Bluchestan Province)
meysam bandani mahmoodreza mirlotfi amirmohammad alavizadeh masoomeh kamanbaz moslem moeinzadehImmigration and human displacement is among important population phenomena that attracted scholars’ attention from various disciplines. Villagers’ staying in the villages and the age structure of the population is a function of various factors including econ MoreImmigration and human displacement is among important population phenomena that attracted scholars’ attention from various disciplines. Villagers’ staying in the villages and the age structure of the population is a function of various factors including economic, social, cultural and particularly natural factors which affect village to city immigration. Regarding its specific political and natural status, Sistan area as a population-repellent place has always seen immigration of villagers to the cities and other parts of the country. Despite harsh natural conditions, some of the age groups show no willingness to leave their hometown and residence and feel belonged to it. Having this in mid, the aim of the present research is to investigate age groups staying in rural areas of Hirmand County. The methodology used is based on documents, field studies and questionnaire filling. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results show that the highest mean of staying related to the age group 41-50 years, followed by 31-40 years; and the lowest mean of staying was for the age group below 20 years and 21-30 years. It can be claimed that people between the ages of 30 and 50 who are in the middle of their lives stay more than the youth age group. Besides, of the factors affecting villagers’ stay, economic factors such as having an agricultural land comprised the highest amount. Therefore, it is suggested that provisions be made for villagers of various age groups to stay in the region by government’s offering low-interest loans to the farmers, creating job opportunities, giving loans for safe and appropriate house reconstruction, welfare, educational and health care facilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
451 - Evaluating process of people participation recon-struction of earthquake settlement (Case stydy: Shirvan County)
حسین فراهانی رضا خوشرفتار مجتبی حاجی پورWe meat with many variables at the time of performance of reconstruction project after events, that one of the most importance of them is the subject of participation in process of reconstruction, to say, interference of views, demands and active and alert presence of p MoreWe meat with many variables at the time of performance of reconstruction project after events, that one of the most importance of them is the subject of participation in process of reconstruction, to say, interference of views, demands and active and alert presence of people in performance reconstruction projects, that in addition to people,s satisfaction can reach excusable results from success dimension in promotion of goals.This subject indicates closely relation between people and reconstruction projects. The goal of research is evalution of people participation process in reconstruction of damage settlement. Case study is Shirvan county from Brourjerd town ship that faces with serious destruction with in earthquake in 2006. The research is based on analysis-correlative method required data has collected with use of quastionaire acquired results from this evalutions indicate that besides the great impotance of attention to people,s request and interests eapecially in rural area and also lake of experiences other countries fromm failure of this projects for participation of people again suffered people and their demands has not observed at whole frame and financial dimensions with in reconstruction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
452 - Evaluation of Chemical and Organic Nutrition Systems on Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars under low Irrigation stress Conditions
Jaber Mehdiniya Afra Yousof Niknejad2* Hormoz Falah Amoli Davood barari TariIn order to investigate the effects of chemical and organic nutritional systems on yield, water utilization in rice cultivars under irrigation stress, a split Plot factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Dasht- MoreIn order to investigate the effects of chemical and organic nutritional systems on yield, water utilization in rice cultivars under irrigation stress, a split Plot factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Dasht-e Naz Agricultural Company, located in the city of Sari in 2016 Irrigation stress treatments were performed in three levels: the stress at the time of the beginning of the tillering (15 days after the installation of the work), the developmental stage of the transfer (the end of flowering and grain filling start) and the lack of stress (controls) as the main factor, through irrigation cut and irrigation again after the appearance of surface cracks The type of feeding system was considered in four levels of Vermicompost and compost azolla (6 and 8 t.ha-1 respectively), humic acid (4.5 L.ha-1) and the common chemical fertilizers Nitrogen, Phosphor, Potassium and cultivars were considered on two levels (Shirodi and local Tarom) in factorial form as a subagent The results variance analysis showed that there was a significant difference between Shiroudi and Tarom cultivars in terms of rice paddy yield in different levels of irrigation stress and nutritional systems. Under common irrigation conditions, the most biological functions of Paddy yield in the varieties of Shirodi and local Tarom, was obtained 6577.9 and 3776.4, Kg.ha-1, Respectively. Low irrigation stressin the developmental stage of the beginning of the tilleringreduced the rice paddy yield by 6.87 and 1.67 andin the remobilization stage, reduced the rice paddy yield by 17.65% and 2.97%, compared to non-stressed conditions With application of humic acid nutrition system, improvement of rice yield was observed in Shiroudi (6563.1 Kg.ha-1) and local Tarom (3878.77 Kg.ha-1) in compared with other nutrition systems.by using the humic acid, azolla compost and Vermicompost in Shirodi variant, the rice paddy yield increased 16.12, 9.02 and 3.62 Percent and in local Tarom 7.85, 3.47 and 2.21 percent respectively, compared with the chemical fertilizer. The highest Water Use Efficiency in the cultivars was observed with the average of 0.1050 and 0.8016 Kg/m3No rainfall, outlet runoff and tillage water were observed under conditions of non-stress. Totally, the results showed highest yield of Paddy was obtained for both Shirodi and Tarom cultivars under non-stress conditions in the humic acid nutrition system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
453 - The study of relationship between social capital and tendency to consumption of enhancing drugs among athletes in shiraz city
Bijan Khajenoori Hamid SedaghatSports participation of the youth as active members of society is of great importance. Sports activity is an important factor both at the level of international competition and also in its relations with the health and vitality of the youth. But in recent years, an incr MoreSports participation of the youth as active members of society is of great importance. Sports activity is an important factor both at the level of international competition and also in its relations with the health and vitality of the youth. But in recent years, an increase in the use of performance-enhancing drugs is evident among the youth. With regard to the negative effects of using such drugs and also the damages to championship sports due to the athletes’ punishments and deprivations, considering this issue and studying its related factors may be important in preventing and reducing the use of performance-enhancing drugs. One of these factors is social capital. An increase in social capital can be important in many ways, including that it unites individuals with their society and this itself results in more following the usual social norms. So, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between social capital the tendency to use performance-enhancing drugs in the youth. This study was conducted with a quantitative approach through a survey research and the data were collected using a questionnaire. The study population is consisted of young athletes of Shiraz aging 15-29. The sample size is 400 people. The research findings show that there is a significant relationship between the dimensions of social capital (institutional trust, social trust, social and cultural participation, social relations, the support of friends and family, and social norm) and the tendency to use performance-enhancing drugs. There’s also a significant difference between basic variables such as age groups, sports, education status, and employment status based on the tendency to use performance-enhancing drugs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
454 - Investigating the Role of Citizen Participation in Increasing the Success of Urban Management in Shiraz City
mahmood rezaee koochi کرامت الله زیاری hasan baikmohamadiThis research aims to investigate the role of citizen participation in increasing the success of urban management in Shiraz. The method of this research is quantitative and survey based on the purpose of the research. Research data was estimated by researcher-made quest MoreThis research aims to investigate the role of citizen participation in increasing the success of urban management in Shiraz. The method of this research is quantitative and survey based on the purpose of the research. Research data was estimated by researcher-made questionnaire among 278 people by the Cochran formula. The relationship between all independent variables with dependent variables was tested in a structural equation model. The results of the structural equation modeling that were used to test the hypotheses showed that in the research model, the strongest effect was related to the relationship between the representation of citizenship power and the success rate of urban management with coefficient (0.91). After that, the effect of variable impact and oversight of citizenship (0.79) is in second place. Finally, according to variables of collective tendencies, democracy, urban reconstruction, and political structure of governance, each with specific coefficients, has a direct and significant effect on the success rate Urban management in Shiraz city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
455 - THE DESIGN OF A MODEL FOR THE GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CASE STUDY: EXECUTIVE ORGANS OF THE CITY OF SHIRAZ)
Hamidreza Mohammadi masoud pourkiani Sanjar Solajegheh Saeed Sayyadi Hamidreza MalayiThe objective of this research is to design a model for the green human resource management. The components of the green human resource management were identified through exploratory studies and a survey of experts. The statistical population of the study includes: The MoreThe objective of this research is to design a model for the green human resource management. The components of the green human resource management were identified through exploratory studies and a survey of experts. The statistical population of the study includes: The first group consists of experts, where the comments of 26 people were used to design the model. The second group consists of employees of executive organs in the city of Shiraz, 732 of whom were selected as samples. The current study is descriptive research that is conducted by the survey method. In this research, SPSS and AMOS software were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study, while confirming the proposed model, showed that: The components of the green human resource management include: Green Human Resources Management Perspectives, Green Analysis and Design of Career, Green Planning of Human Resources, Green Recruitment and Employment, Sociability and Green Relationships, Green Education and Capability Development, Green Partnership and Cooperation, Green Maintenance of Human Resources, Green Service Compensation, Green Performance Assessment, Discipline, Empowerment, Green Motivation, Green Power and Discretion, Talent Management, Support and Commitment of Senior Managers, Teamwork, Work Relationships, Green Development, Green Administrative Processes, Green Communication and Employee Collaboration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
456 - Study the relationship between family conflicts and aggressive behavior in adolescents
بیژن خواجه نوری رودابه دهقانیAdoloscences' behaviours and the causes and effects that have for him/her and others are of the most important problems in sociological studies. This study investigates the relationship between family conflicts and reggressive behaviours of adoloscences. This research h MoreAdoloscences' behaviours and the causes and effects that have for him/her and others are of the most important problems in sociological studies. This study investigates the relationship between family conflicts and reggressive behaviours of adoloscences. This research has used frustration theory and learning theory. The research method was survey and questionnaire has been used to collect data from 1250 students of Shiraz and Darab city, which has been selected by multiple random sampling. Analysis of data showed that there is significant relationship between parental conflicts, parent-child conflict in and out of the hme with reggressive behaviours of children. Ultimately, Lisrel program was used to examine the research method. The results showed that gender, place of residence (shiraz), family income, and family conflicts can interpret 53% of the dependent's variable changes. Generally speaking, this research emphasize the importance of the role of family in shaping adoloscences' behaviours and their mental health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
457 - Sociological analysis of collective rights on the environment
اکبر مهدوی iran soleimaniThe right to a healthy environment, in general, is considered independent of environmental law. Human rights advocates have the right to independent human rights to the environment as a right to a quality environment to recognize. The right to the environment also refle MoreThe right to a healthy environment, in general, is considered independent of environmental law. Human rights advocates have the right to independent human rights to the environment as a right to a quality environment to recognize. The right to the environment also reflects the values of excellence and basic as the right to life, right to health, right to life standard. And the prerequisites for the continued existence of present and future generations as well as sustainable development closely and organic. So this thesis to determine the right to a healthy environment was designed and developed in private law. For this purpose, after taking notes and collecting data and settings through the relevant forms, bills, according as the subject of research was classified minor and consists of chapters. And information and material was brought in different sectors and analyze data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical. In this thesis, two main questions were examined. The first question dealt with the Principles of the Right on the environment. According to a study by researchers became clear that the civil liability in Iranian law is based on the objective responsibility. Judicial procedures followed and what is more the fault of the theory were accepted, the theory is fault. And argued that this theory has major problems, therefore, it was suggested that legislators in waste legislation based theory and the theory of property to be respected. In the second study examines the legal provisions of the law abiding focused on environmental responsibility, The results showed that the law has edited numerous gaps are in terms of quality and quantity; Finally, the debates conducted and carried Conclusions and recommendations According to the results presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
458 - شبیه سازی و مدیریت یکپارچه منابع آب تحت سناریوی آب مجازی مطالعه موردی: حوضه هیرمند ایران
علی سردار شهرکی جواد شهرکی سید آرمان هاشمی منفردحوضه هیرمند به دلیل وجود خشکسالی، هم­چنین رشد روز افزون مصارف آب و رقابت بخش­های مختلف، وارد مرحله بحرانی آب شده است، این خطر در سال­های آتی تشدیدتر خواهد شد. بنابراین برای مقابله با آن می بایست نسبت به انواع مصرف آب با حساسیت بیشتری برخورد کرد. از جمله این Moreحوضه هیرمند به دلیل وجود خشکسالی، هم­چنین رشد روز افزون مصارف آب و رقابت بخش­های مختلف، وارد مرحله بحرانی آب شده است، این خطر در سال­های آتی تشدیدتر خواهد شد. بنابراین برای مقابله با آن می بایست نسبت به انواع مصرف آب با حساسیت بیشتری برخورد کرد. از جمله این مصارف، آب مجازی می­باشد. در پژوهش حاضر، تقاضای آب مجازی محصولات کشاورزی منطقه سیستان در سال زراعی 93-1392 محاسبه و با استفاده از مدل WEAP اثرات اجرای این سناریو از سال 2015 تا 2030 بر منابع و مصارف آب پیش­بینی گردید. طبق نتایج محصولات گوجه­فرنگی و یونجه با این­که نیازآبی بالایی داشتند، اما به سبب عملکرد بالای تولید، تقاضای آب مجازی کمتری داشته­اند، هم­چنین بیشترین نیاز آب مجازی برای دو محصول گندم و جو بدست آمد. نتایج مدل WEAP نشان داد که در سناریوی آب مجازی، سالیانه به طور میانگین مقدار تقاضای آب 61 درصد برای کارایی خالص و 17 درصد برای کارایی به حالت فعلی کمتر شده است. تقاضای تأمین نشده حدود 383 میلیون متر مکعب کاهش خواهد یافت. بنابراین با توجه به شرایط خشکسالی حاکم بر منطقه، اجرای این سناریو در جهت حفظ منابع آب بسیار مناسب خواهد بود، از این­رو پیشنهاد می شود که طرح­های توسعه کشاورزی در منطقه سیستان با توجه به این مفهوم آب مجازی، برنامه­ریزی و سرمایه­گذاری شوند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
459 - الگوریتم رقابت استعماری (ICA) مبتنی بر روش بهینهسازی مخزن در سد کهیر
علی سردار شهرکی سمیه امایکمبود آب، به ویژه در ایران و در دوره خشکسالی­های اخیر، بر اهمیت دستیابی به یک سیاست عملیاتی بهینه برای مخازن بزرگ اهمیت پیدا کرده است. در دو دهه گذشته، بهینه­سازی سالانه مخازن در شرایط کنترل شده و همچنین شرایط آب و هوایی توجه بسیاری از محققان و کارشناسان را به خ Moreکمبود آب، به ویژه در ایران و در دوره خشکسالی­های اخیر، بر اهمیت دستیابی به یک سیاست عملیاتی بهینه برای مخازن بزرگ اهمیت پیدا کرده است. در دو دهه گذشته، بهینه­سازی سالانه مخازن در شرایط کنترل شده و همچنین شرایط آب و هوایی توجه بسیاری از محققان و کارشناسان را به خود جلب کرده است. در این مطالعه، رویکرد جدیدی برای پیش­بینی ذخیره مخزن ارائه شده است. الگوریتم رقابت استعماری (ICA) یک رویکرد جدید در زمینه محاسبات تکاملی است که راه حل بهینه را در مشکلات مختلف بهینه­سازی محاسبه می­کند. این الگوریتم با مدل­سازی ریاضی فرآیند تکامل اجتماعی روانشناختی، رویکرد جدیدی را برای حل مشکلات بهینه­سازی ریاضی ارائه می­دهد و در مقایسه با سایر الگوریتم­ها، سرعت مناسب و سرعت همگرایی بالایی را در یافتن پاسخ بهینه دارد. در این تحقیق از الگوریتم رقابتی امپریالیست برای بهینه­سازی سالانه مخزن کهیر برای به دست آوردن سیاست­های بهینه استفاده شده است. عملکرد هدف از جهت دستیابی به آب در پایین دست نیاز به ایجاد روابط براساس استمرار وجود دارد. عملکرد هدف از جهت دستیابی به آب در پایین دست نیاز به ایجاد روابط براساس استمرار دارد. مقایسه مدل ICA در جمع 100 نشان داد که الگوریتم ICA با میانگین بهترین ارزش تابع هدف 125، 6/114 و 60/85 با تعدادی از ارزیابی­های بیشتر تابع هدف برای دستیابی به ظرفیت بالاتر، پاسخ بهینه است. نتایج حاکی از خطای 1/6 درصدی در اجرای الگوریتم ICA بین انبارهای مشاهده شده و پیش بینی شده است. نتایج استفاده از الگوریتم رقابتی امپریالیست برای مسئله بهینه­سازی سالانه بیانگر توانایی روش پیشنهادی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
460 - Investigating the Impacts of Credits Granted by Agricultural Bank of Iran on Economic Conditions of Farmers in Hirmand Region
Nader Barani Mohammad Hossein Menhaj Esmaeil Ramezanpoor Mahmud Ahmadpoor BorazjaniOne of the obstacles that has caused agricultural sector not to reach significant and expected growth is shortage of short, medium and long–term funds to finance various activities of this sector. This study aims at investigating the economic impacts of credits gr MoreOne of the obstacles that has caused agricultural sector not to reach significant and expected growth is shortage of short, medium and long–term funds to finance various activities of this sector. This study aims at investigating the economic impacts of credits granted by Agricultural bank on farmers on Hirmand region. The statistical population of the survey included 4691 farmers of Hirmand region and the sample size were 117 farmers who had received loan from agricultural bank at least once during 2006-2011. The Sample was selected using simple random sampling and questionnaires were distributed among them. The results from t-Test showed that significant level for income manufacturing variants was 0.000 and for investment and livelihood variants were 0.014 and 0.077, respectively. This significantly levels suggest that received loan from bank has increased income and production, the living conditions of borrowers, economic profitability and increased productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
461 - Biostratigraphy of Kazhdumi Formation in Naghsh-e- Rostam Mountain
Mahnaz Parvaneh Nejad Shirazi Shahin Ghahramani Ali Kheradmand -
Open Access Article
462 - Study of microfacies of the Kazhdomi Formation in northeast of Shiraz (Ab Chego mountain)
Masih Afghah Roya Fanati Rashidi -
Open Access Article
463 - Assessment of the clay mineralogy effect on Ajabshir soils’ physicochemical characteristics and swelling phenomenon
Maryam Golnezhad Dariush Ahadi Ravoshti -
Open Access Article
464 - Landslide Susceptibility Mapping for Shirin-darreh Dam’s Reservoir using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process and GIS
Amir Taheri -
Open Access Article
465 - Feasibility Study of Creating a Retail Store Network with a Franchising Approach (Case Study: Shiraz City)
Majid Zare Amir KazemiThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of creating a retail store network with a franchising approach. In this research, using the library method, the effective factors in the pricing strategy have been identified. 35 factors were identified and confir MoreThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of creating a retail store network with a franchising approach. In this research, using the library method, the effective factors in the pricing strategy have been identified. 35 factors were identified and confirmed in fuzzy Delphi technique. Finally, 8 criteria and 35 sub-criteria were evaluated and prioritized in network analysis and fuzzy dimethyl techniques. In this study, a pair of questionnaires were used. The statistical population of the present study includes all experts and managers. A community is used in the Delphi and ANP stages. According to the research method, snowball sampling method has been used. The number of sample members was 10. In the first stage, in three Delphi rounds, 35 criteria were approved. Identified factors include: scoring characteristics, service quality, contract terms, scoring characteristics, communications management, legal and regulatory factors, technology and communications, and environmental characteristics. Based on the results, legal factors and regulations were among the highest criteria among the main criteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
466 - Evaluation of the library anxiety level of graduate students in Shiraz University based on multi-dimensional model of Van Kampen
Saeideh Ebrahimy Elaheh Ebrahimy Ardakani Abdolrasoul JowkarPurpose: The present study was performed with the aim of evaluation of the library anxiety level of graduate students in Shiraz University. Methodology: The research population consisted of 5700 students from Shiraz University graduate students, 229 students (139 girls MorePurpose: The present study was performed with the aim of evaluation of the library anxiety level of graduate students in Shiraz University. Methodology: The research population consisted of 5700 students from Shiraz University graduate students, 229 students (139 girls and 90 boys). Sampling method was stratified. To assess the level of library anxiety, Multidimensional Model of Van Kampen (2003) was used. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics, and t-test and analysis of variance. Findings: The research findings related to the extent of students anxiety by the four level of anxiety show that much larger population of subjects have high anxiety. Also, between the library anxiety with the use of the library and the aim of using library is significant differences. But between the library anxiety and the average time of presence in the library isn't significant difference. Evaluation of the anxiety in the different colleges showed that students of economic college have the highest level of anxiety and student of Electricity College have the less anxiety. Conclusion: It seems that library anxiety is a serious problem among graduate students of Shiraz University who need to use the library and information recourses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
467 - A survey on the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and knowledge managementof Information Science specialists working at Shiraz University libraries
Saeideh Ebrahimy Hanieh Zare Abd Alrasoul JowkarPurpose: The aim of this study was to do a survey on the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and knowledge management (KM) of Information Science specialists working at 13 Shiraz University libraries. Methodology:This study, as objective view is a fundament MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to do a survey on the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and knowledge management (KM) of Information Science specialists working at 13 Shiraz University libraries. Methodology:This study, as objective view is a fundamental research and in terms of methodology, is a correlation research. The used tools of the study include the CE questionnaire of Hooman and knowledge management questionnaire of Nayyer; and data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: Results of the study showed thatthere is a significant relationshipbetween corporate entrepreneurship and knowledge management of the Information Science specialists. The results also showed thatamong the components of CE, between the "hard working, responsible and successful"with knowledge management, there is significant relationship, but between the dimensions of risk taking, internal control, creativity, flexibility, tolerance of ambiguity and verbal narrative with their knowledge management, there is no significant relationship. Conclusion: It can be concluded thatthe Information Science specialists consider and utilizethe KM as a conscious strategy of identifying, evaluating, organizing, processing and storingin order to raise public opinion and increase innovation and entrepreneurship in their libraries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
468 - Evaluating the amount of the usage of RoseNet digital library by the faculty members of Islamic Azad University-Shiraz Branch in order to meet their information needs
Maryam Saadat Faride AsarePurpose:The aim of this research is t evaluate the role of RoseNet digital, library to meet the information needs of the faculty members of IAU-ShirazBranch..Methodology: the evaluative survey method is assigned in this research. The statistical society arethe ful MorePurpose:The aim of this research is t evaluate the role of RoseNet digital, library to meet the information needs of the faculty members of IAU-ShirazBranch..Methodology: the evaluative survey method is assigned in this research. The statistical society arethe full time faculty members of IAU-Shiraz Branch. The tool for information gathering is questionnaire. The data is analysed using descriptive and analytical statistics by Spss. Findings: The research showed that 78.2% of the faculty members ‘ aim of searching information are to earn specialized and updated information, and more than 80% have used Rose Net in this respect. More than 52% of information needs of the members are met by RoseNet. Conclusion: There are meaningful differentiate between the amount of usage of RoseNet by the different educational departments, education level and the scientific rank of the faculty members. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
469 - Citation analysis of resources used in the master dissertations of Chemistry at Ahvaz Shahid Chamran University and Shiraz University during 2002 to 2009
Abdolhossein Farajpahlou maryam zamaniPurpose: The present research mainly aims to survey M.Sc dissertations relevant to chemistry field in Ahvaz Shahid Chamran and Shiraz Universities during the years 2002 to 2009 in order to determine the most used scientific and information resources in surveyed disserta MorePurpose: The present research mainly aims to survey M.Sc dissertations relevant to chemistry field in Ahvaz Shahid Chamran and Shiraz Universities during the years 2002 to 2009 in order to determine the most used scientific and information resources in surveyed dissertations of these universities. Methodology: This research surveys 20320 bibliography resources which allocate to 244 M.Sc dissertations in chemistry (144 dissertations in Ahvaz Shahid Chamran University and 100 dissertations in Shiraz University) through citation analysis method. Analyzing the data, we used the descriptive statistics including frequency tables, average, percentage and etc. Then we inserted tables and diagrams via Excel 2003 software and SPSS 11. Findings: Among 100 surveyed dissertations in Ahvaz Shahid Chamran University, it was extracted 6400 bibliographic resources (1/4 percent) belonging to Persian resources and (98/6 percent) to the foreign ones. The investigation on the type of bibliographic resources in studied dissertations relevant to Shahid Chamran University in Ahvaz showed that totally the most bibliographic resources (84/7 percent) allocate to the journals with (84/7 percent). In surveyed dissertations of Shiraz University there are totally journals with (88/5 percent) in the first rate and the books with (8/7 percent). Conclusion: According to the research findings, the most bibliographic resources allocate to the journals. So, the core journals are identified on the basis of Bradford’s law. Averagely, each dissertation of Shahid Chamran University in Ahvaz includes 64 citations and each dissertation in Shiraz University includes 96/6 bibliographic resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
470 - Conservation of vakil historic bazaar of Shiraz based on revitalization of Valuable traditions
hossein bahrololoom Alireza RazeghiDue to the variety of usage of historical bazaar of Shiraz such as economical, social, cultural and even communicative dimensions, it includes many different structures; all of which need conservation. In fact paying enough attention to both tangible and intangible aspe MoreDue to the variety of usage of historical bazaar of Shiraz such as economical, social, cultural and even communicative dimensions, it includes many different structures; all of which need conservation. In fact paying enough attention to both tangible and intangible aspects and dimensions of the structure plays a crucial role in conserving the identity and cultural authenticity of the complex. This process has often been neglected or considered only in structural dimensions.The current study aims at presenting a comprehensive understanding of the traditional system of historical bazaar of Shiraz and its related values and traditions, emphasizing on the previous weaknesses. In order to meet the realization of the comprehensive conservation, this study relies on the gathered data and moves in line with revitalization plan of the above named values. Using historical interpretation strategy through the study of the documented references, interviews and field observations, this study compares the historical-cultural traditions and their relevant structures in the historical bazaar of Shiraz; therefore studies the current changes in the field.These valuable traditions, according to their similar nature, were classified under five main categories include cultural, social, management, economic and corporal traditions and after analysis and aggregation, were resulted to the main revitalization strategies.The authentic identity and integrated and comprehensive conservation plan of the historical bazaar of Shiraz will be guaranteed under the case that the above named Strategy, with an emphasis on structural dimensions, are taken into consideration and are implemented by preservation custodians. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
471 - Preparation of heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalysts based on reduced graphene oxide with nickel and cobalt particles and investigation of its activity in Heck and sonogashira cross-coupling reactions and 4-nitrophenol reduction
abdolreza abri forough matloubiToday catalysts are widely used in the production of various materials. Nano-catalysts according to their importance have become one of the most important areas for Nanotechnology research. Development of magnetic catalysts for carbon–carbon and carbon–heter MoreToday catalysts are widely used in the production of various materials. Nano-catalysts according to their importance have become one of the most important areas for Nanotechnology research. Development of magnetic catalysts for carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom coupling reactions are one of the most important issues in terms of applications to organic synthesis. At present, many researches are focused on the construction of more active and more stable, heterogeneous Nano-sized metal catalysts, which can be recovered and reused. Nickel and cobalt nanoparticles due to low prices, magnetic properties and high chemical activity attracted particular attention. In this work, nickel and cobalt nanoparticles were synthesized with a green and one-pot method on graphene oxide substrate for reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol, Heck and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions. Several characterization techniques such as FTIR, FESEM, XRD, and VSM were employed to characterize the Co and Ni nanoparticle reduced graphene oxide composites witch indicates that nickel and cobalt magnetic particles with a size of about 20-30 nanometers were uniformly anchored on graphene oxide nanosheets. In addition, results showed that incorporation of Co and Ni nanoparticles and GO produce much higher activity in cross-coupling and reduction reactions. The soft-ferromagnetic behavior of the RGO/CoxNi100-x nanocomposite demonstrated the easy separable from the reaction mixture and reusable several times without losing its catalytic activity, Hence, the RGO/CoxNi100-x composites can be a potential promising material to catalyze the cross-coupling reactions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
472 - Synthesis of alanine methyl ester-calix[4]arene-appended silica particles as a chiral stationary phase for HPLC
صادق یعقوب نژاد کورش تبار حیدر سید حمید احمدی رضا زادمردHere we report the synthesis of a novel covalently immobilized calix[4]arne derivative as a chiral stationary phase )CSP( for HPLC. In the structure of CSP, the upper rim of calix[4]arne is substituted with two L-alanine units and the lower rim of calix[4]arene is linke MoreHere we report the synthesis of a novel covalently immobilized calix[4]arne derivative as a chiral stationary phase )CSP( for HPLC. In the structure of CSP, the upper rim of calix[4]arne is substituted with two L-alanine units and the lower rim of calix[4]arene is linked to the silica gel by thiol-ene click chemistry. Elemental analysis of the CSP showed 120 μmol of chiral selector bonded per gram of silica gel. 1-Hexene was used for end-capping of unreacted mercapto groups on silica gel. The CSP is chemically bonded to the silica and can be used in the normal-phase mode, reversed-phase mode, and with halogenated solvents mobile phases, if desired. The chromatographic performance of the CSP was evaluated with enantioseparation of the 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl )DNB) derivatives of some amino acids. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
473 - A Study of the Impact of the Decisions Made by the Judiciary, legislative and Executive Systems on the Solvency of Insurance Companies with Regard to Third-party Life Insurance in the Year 2014
Seyed Mohammad Fateminejad Ahmad Reza JerghouiThis paper is a study of the impact of the decisions made by the judiciary, legislative and executive systems on the solvency of insurance companies with regard to third-party life insurance in the year 2014. Its purpose is utilization-oriented and the method used is a MoreThis paper is a study of the impact of the decisions made by the judiciary, legislative and executive systems on the solvency of insurance companies with regard to third-party life insurance in the year 2014. Its purpose is utilization-oriented and the method used is a descriptive survey. The statistical population included experts and managers of insurance industry that with the use of Cochran test, 150 out of 260 people were selected. Research method is simple random sampling. For the purpose of studying and investigating the impact of decisions made by the judiciary, legislative and executive systems on the solvency of insurance companies with regard to third- party life insurance, a researcher-made questionnaire with 6 topics and 15 items applying 5-point Likert scale was used. Using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed %87 which indicated the adequacy of measurement tools and methods. After collecting data, the SPSS software was used for both descriptive and inferential analyses. The results indicated that setting the upper limits of insurer’s obligations (setting and notifying the amount of blood cost) by judiciary system, interpreting the laws by judges in the process of probing litigations of policyholders and insurance companies, lengthy and slow process of courts, changing and determining of the insurance regulations by legislative system, setting the upper limits of insurance premium and the policies of executive system concerning insurance, contracts and losses paid have great effects on the solvency of insurance companies with regard to third- party life insurance. Nevertheless, charges and tolls imposed by legislative system has no tangible effect on the solvency of insurance companies with regard to third- party life insurance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
474 - نشانه های آزادی در مجموعه داستان « مترجم دردها » و داستان کوتاه « این خانه مقدس » آثاری از جومپا لاهیری
Atefeh Lieaghat Fatemeh Azizmohammadi Mojgan Yarahmadiدر این تحقیق قصد داریم دو داستان کوتاه از مجموعه داستان « مترجم دردها » (1999) از آثار جومپا لاهیری را از منظر فیلیپ پتیت مورد نقد و بررسی قرار دهیم. لاهیری د ر آثارش زندگی مهاجرانی رابه تصویر می کشد که سعی دارند در کشورهای دیگر آزادیهای گمشده شان را حفظ نما Moreدر این تحقیق قصد داریم دو داستان کوتاه از مجموعه داستان « مترجم دردها » (1999) از آثار جومپا لاهیری را از منظر فیلیپ پتیت مورد نقد و بررسی قرار دهیم. لاهیری د ر آثارش زندگی مهاجرانی رابه تصویر می کشد که سعی دارند در کشورهای دیگر آزادیهای گمشده شان را حفظ نمایند. در این مبحث مفهوم آزادی برگرفته از نظریه فیلیپ نوئل پتیت می باشد. پتیت معتقد است که آزادی به معنای پدیده ضد قدرت, زداینده هر گونه بردگی و بندگی بوده و ما را به سمت کمال رهنمون می سازد. به باور این صاحب نظر هر فردی بر اساس اراده و اختیار خود آزاد است تا هر عمل یا کاری را انجام دهد و هیچ فرد دیگری نمی تواند در مقام ارباب یا رئیس در امور شخصی او دخالت کند. پتیت علاوه بر این موضوع، ضد قدرت را درمعنای عدم سیطره مطرح کرده است. درهمین ارتباط مقاله حاضر درصدد است به این موضوع بپردازد که چگونه شخصیت های این دو داستان بر اساس اعتقادات و خواسته های خود، مفهوم آزادی به معنای قدرت ستیزی را ابراز می کنند. این نظریه برای شخصیت های دو داستان کوتاه لاهیری تحت عنوان « مترجم دردها » و « این خانه مقدس » بکار برده شده است. نکته دیگر اینکه در اینجا می خواهیم به دلایلی بپردازیم که بر اساس آنها شخصیت های دو داستان تلاش می کنند در شرایط مختلفی به دنبال آزادی باشند.در این تحقیق با تمرکز بر شخصیت های اصلی دو داستان نشان می دهیم چگونه شخصیت هایی نظیر خانم داس و تویینکل سعی می کنند بر اساس دیدگاه و عقاید خود انسان هایی آزاد باشند. خانم داس کوشش می کند با بیان اسرار خویش خود را از قید بندگی و اسارت رها کندو تویینکل هم با نگهداری و حفظ اشیا مورد علاقه خویش ,سعی دارد تمامی تعصبات فرهنگی خود را کنار بگذارد و به آزادی برسد. بر این اساس پژوهش پیش رو سعی بر ان دارد تا نحوه شکل گیری نظریه آزادی پتیت را حول محور این داستان ها نشان دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
475 - The tradition of the science of derivation in the history and dignity of Shirazi and the reflection of Quranic and mystical themes in it
Hamid Khodaparast Mehdi Famoori Mohammad Reza MasoumiThe subject of this book is the ancient history of Iran based on the traditions of the past. Waqar Shirazi, in addition to the book, has considered the tradition of derivation, as it is mentioned in the ancient tradition, and in fact, has turned to the influence of the MoreThe subject of this book is the ancient history of Iran based on the traditions of the past. Waqar Shirazi, in addition to the book, has considered the tradition of derivation, as it is mentioned in the ancient tradition, and in fact, has turned to the influence of the texts of the past as a kind of vulgar jurisprudence. In this book, a brief review of the history of the ancient kings of Iran according to the ancient Iranian tradition and quoting their words and rulings. While describing the events, Waqar has used sentences and phrases that are inspired by Quranic verses, hadiths and mystical teachings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
476 - The Metamorphosis of Myths in Nizami Ganjavi's Khosrow and Shirin
Hasan ShāmyānAncient stories and folktales are one of the most appropriate contexts for the manifestation and continuation of the life of gods, goddesses and Amesha Spentan; they continue to live in different forms through metamorphosis. Khosrow and Shirin, composed by Nizami Ganjav MoreAncient stories and folktales are one of the most appropriate contexts for the manifestation and continuation of the life of gods, goddesses and Amesha Spentan; they continue to live in different forms through metamorphosis. Khosrow and Shirin, composed by Nizami Ganjavi, is a famous tragic romance which its main source is local narratives. The mythical figures and characters of ancient Iran are present in this book. By using descriptive-analytical and comparative method, the present research tries to examine the characters of Khosrow and Shirin including Hormizd, Khosrow Parviz, Mahin Banu, Shabdiz, Golgoon, Shirin and Shapour, and to compare them with Amesha Spentan including Vohu Manah, Asha Vahishta, Kshatra Vairya, Spenta Armaiti, Haurvatat, Ameretat, Anahita and the god of wind. The results show that the characters mentioned have much in common with Amesha Spentan. Also, the book provides a platform for the presence of the ancient Iranian gods, goddesses, and Amesha Spentan, and it should be considered more than just a collected lyric poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
477 - The Function of Eulogy in Khāqāni's Poetry
Rezā Sādeghi ShahparIranian and Semitic myths are widely and variously reflected in Khāqāni's poetry and his panegyrics. The extraordinary power and glory of the mythological figures is familiar to everyone. Khāqāni pays attention to this and describes his praised person and shows his/her MoreIranian and Semitic myths are widely and variously reflected in Khāqāni's poetry and his panegyrics. The extraordinary power and glory of the mythological figures is familiar to everyone. Khāqāni pays attention to this and describes his praised person and shows his/her superiority over Iranian and Semitic myths and even Islamic characters. Because of this, he sometimes ignores his religious beliefs. The present article aims to examine the function of the myths in Khāqāni's poetry. The results show that he has no disagreement with Iranian myths, nor does he disbelieve religious beliefs. Whenever, he refers to superiority of his praised persons over the mythological figures or despises the myths, he wants to attract his praised person attention and enjoy his/her material gifts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
478 - Mystical Symbolism in "Bokaeiya ela Hafez Al- Shirazi": The Influence of Hafez on Abdolvahab al-Bayati
Mohsen Seifi Mahvash Hasanpour Islamic mysticism has the power to express indirectly and symbolically the truths and Muslim poets have used this power. The present article tries to study the poem of “Bokaeiya ela Hafez Al- Shirazi”, composed by Abdolvahab al-Bayati, and to compare More Islamic mysticism has the power to express indirectly and symbolically the truths and Muslim poets have used this power. The present article tries to study the poem of “Bokaeiya ela Hafez Al- Shirazi”, composed by Abdolvahab al-Bayati, and to compare it with the mystical symbols used in Hafez's poems. Based on the principles of French school of comparative literature and analytical-descriptive method, the authors have come to this conclusion that Bayati has used some of mystical symbols of Hafez's poems, symbols like cup, bowl, wine, fawn, cage, and wine – house. For both poets, nature is a suitable space for meditation on the nature of God; they have chosen their symbols from the elements of the nature. In other words, Hafez and Bayati used these symbols not in their real meaning but only in their figurative meaning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
479 - Exploring the Types of 'Sahv' in the Mystical Worldview of Ruzbehan Baqli Shirazi
fatemeh toobaie Mohammad Yusuf NayyeriThe term "Sahv" (spiritual sobriety) is referenced in the teachings of Bayazid Bastami and Junayd of Baghdad. Ruzbehan Baqli Shirazi, akin to many Sufi masters and elders, has explored this concept along his spiritual journey (suluk), delving into its nuances and pres MoreThe term "Sahv" (spiritual sobriety) is referenced in the teachings of Bayazid Bastami and Junayd of Baghdad. Ruzbehan Baqli Shirazi, akin to many Sufi masters and elders, has explored this concept along his spiritual journey (suluk), delving into its nuances and presenting a fresh perspective on Sahv. This study elucidates the precise meaning of Sahv within the mystical framework of Ruzbahan, categorizing its types, exploring their origins, and delineating their implications within his his intellectual system. Notably, a unique form of Sahv is introduced, exclusive to Ruzbehan Baqli and hitherto unmentioned in Sufi discourse, termed "Ruzbehanian sahv". This form occurs in the spiritual realm of "ain jam" (essence of unity), where one retains sobriety amidst a state of intoxication, exhibiting awareness of this paradoxical state and exercising control over it. Ruzbehan attributes the emergence of this distinct sobriety to the experience of "pure unification" and the spiritual stage of "ain jama", highlighting its divergent outcomes such as unity with the eternal Beloved, expression of ecstatic utterances (shatahāt), and comprehension of Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr - the enigmatic language exchanged between God and prophets/saints. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
480 - Burning the Clock
Khadijeh Hajiyān Saeed Bozorge-BeigdeliKherqeh-pushi (wearing the clock) is a customary ritual in Sufism. This ritual is usually accompanied with kherqeh-andakhtan (dedicating the clock) or takhriqe-kherqeh (tearing the clock) and kherqeh-az-sar-beh-dar-avrdan or kherqeh-az-sar-bar-kashidan (underssing the c MoreKherqeh-pushi (wearing the clock) is a customary ritual in Sufism. This ritual is usually accompanied with kherqeh-andakhtan (dedicating the clock) or takhriqe-kherqeh (tearing the clock) and kherqeh-az-sar-beh-dar-avrdan or kherqeh-az-sar-bar-kashidan (underssing the clock). Kherqeh-andakhtan (dedicating the clock) used to occur often in the state of ecstasy (vajd) and especially Sema. kherqeh-az-sar-beh-dar-avrdan (underssing the clock), besides that happens when two Sufis wish to do away with misunderstandings. Similarly, Kherqeh-az-sar-bar-kashidan (underssing the clock) was a way of punishing the culprit Sufi in Khangah. It seems that there is a connection between kherqeh-pushi (wearing the clock) and kherqeh-suzi (burning the clock), even though there was no citable and valid evidence about it in Sufi texts. Kherqeh-suzi (burning the clock) has a widespread use in mystical poems, as in the poems of Attār Neishapouri, Saadi, Mulavi, Qasem Anvar, Fakhredin Araqi and especially Hafez. By considering Kherqeh-pushi, the present article, tries to analyze the concept of kherqeh-suzi (burning the clock) in mystical texts, especially in the works of Attar and Hafez. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
481 - Tileworks of Houses of Shiraz in the Qajar Era: A Mythological Study
Effat-alsadat Afzal Tousi Golnaz Selahi Ladan SelahiThe art of Qajar era has many unique features and characteristics regarding to materials, subjects and execution techniques. One of the notable art products of Qajar period is the tileworks used in private and semi-private sites of palaces and houses of&n MoreThe art of Qajar era has many unique features and characteristics regarding to materials, subjects and execution techniques. One of the notable art products of Qajar period is the tileworks used in private and semi-private sites of palaces and houses of aristocrats; the use of these tiles peaked especially in the Nasseri era. These tiles reflect the interests and tastes of the people of this period; regarding to themes, execution techniques and depicting the subjects, the tiles show special characteristics. They refer to the simultaneous presence of Iranian, Islamic and western elements in this period. To understand this, we need to know the concept of "archi-myth" and the functions of the myths in the semantic space of art and culture of Qajar era. After explaining the concept of archi-myth, the present article, first, tries to study the dominant myths in the Qajar's art and culture based on the tiles used in the houses of Shiraz; and then some of these tiles are analyzed. The main purpose of the research is to study the visual documents that explain the contemporary theory of archi-myth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
482 - Measurement and comparison of heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Zn,Fe) in Liza abu in the Karoon and Bahmanshir Rivers in Khoozestan Province
A. Askary Sary M. Khodadadi M. Kazemian M. Velayatzadeh M. BeheshtiWe assessed concentration of heavy metals Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe in the muscle, liver and gill tissues of Liza abu in Karoon and Bahmanshir Rivers in Khoozestan Province in winter 2009. Metals were extracted from the tissues using wet digestion method. Concentration of the h MoreWe assessed concentration of heavy metals Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe in the muscle, liver and gill tissues of Liza abu in Karoon and Bahmanshir Rivers in Khoozestan Province in winter 2009. Metals were extracted from the tissues using wet digestion method. Concentration of the heavy metals were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The highest concentration of Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe was 0.706±0.013, 0.428±0.020, 11.74±0.40, 14.04±0.08 mg/Kg. and the determined lowest concentration of Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe was 0.646±0.012, 0.289±0.033, 9.74±0.26, 11.81±0.34 mg/Kg. respectively The results showed concentration of heavy metals Mn and Zn in the muscle, liver and gill of Liza abu in Karoon and Bahmanshir Rivers found no significant difference between them (P≥0.05). Cu in the muscle and liver showed a significant difference (P≤0.05), but in gill there was no significant difference (P≥0.05). Fe in the liver and gill showed no significant difference (P≥0.05) but in the muscle there was a significant difference (P≤0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
483 - Heavy metals (Zinc, Copper) in sediment and macrobenthose of Namrood River in Tehran Province
M. Shapoori M. Rezaei A. KamaliBenthic macroinvertebrate communities are one of the key biological components considered for the assessment of benthic integrity in the context of the Water Framework Directive. The effect of industrial and agricultural wastewater effluent on water quality, habitat qua MoreBenthic macroinvertebrate communities are one of the key biological components considered for the assessment of benthic integrity in the context of the Water Framework Directive. The effect of industrial and agricultural wastewater effluent on water quality, habitat quality, and benthic macroinvertebrates of an urban stream in Namrood River located in Firoozkooh (Tehran province, Iran) was investigated in this study. The Namrood River is situated by the main road and is being polluted by pollutants from tourism industry and recreational centers, gas stations, sewage from villages, agricultural wastewater and fish culture effluent. In the present study, three stations were selected, one station as blank and two stations, up and downstream were selected to sample the sediments and Chironomidae and Gammarus pluex in both cold and warm seasons of the year. The copper and zinc levels were measured in sediment and benthos. The results showed that copper and zinc concentration range in benthos were 0.170-0.966 and 0.187-3.846 ppm, respectively. Sediments of the upstream station had the highest copper concentration among the samples in both cold and warm seasons of the year and the highest concentration of Zn was observed in sediments of upstream station in cold season.Comparing the average concentration of studied elements with WHO permissible limits showed concentrations lower than standard for Copper and Zinc element in sediment and benthos. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
484 - Investigating the compensation of emotional damages to a person as a result of causing physical harm to relatives
babak peyman mehdi zare babak khosraviniaBackground and Aim: In the recent past, it was believed that the legal system, unlike physical damages, could not measure mental suffering or internal anxiety, and therefore such damages could not be compensated. Courts were reluctant to issue compensation in cases that MoreBackground and Aim: In the recent past, it was believed that the legal system, unlike physical damages, could not measure mental suffering or internal anxiety, and therefore such damages could not be compensated. Courts were reluctant to issue compensation in cases that resulted in emotional harm without causing physical harm. In modern times, this belief has changed fundamentally, and psychological damage is the same as real physical damage and can be caused by physical actions. Of course, this does not mean that the law accepts any moral damages and orders compensation.Method: The present study was conducted by descriptive-analytical method.Findings and Results: One of the cases to consider is when a person suffers from psychological injuries, but this injury is not due to physical injuries, but as a result of seeing or hearing the news of injuries to another person suffers psychological damage. The material presented in this article concludes that in fact a person who suffers from abnormal sad reactions due to the loss of a loved one is entitled to compensation from the reader whose carelessness was the direct cause of such complications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
485 - The special and exceptional situation of Tari lawsuits in the appeal stage with a look at French law
abas puryani abolfazl dankob reza zarei samanganA ancillary action one that occurs during the hearing of a lawsuit (the main lawsuit) and is one of the most important lawsuits in the judiciary; Because it has its own unique legal effects. Preliminary lawsuits have an exceptional and special status because according t MoreA ancillary action one that occurs during the hearing of a lawsuit (the main lawsuit) and is one of the most important lawsuits in the judiciary; Because it has its own unique legal effects. Preliminary lawsuits have an exceptional and special status because according to the rule of prohibition of accepting new claims and lawsuits in the appeal stage, prohibition of interference by persons other than the parties, prohibition of litigation that was not considered in the first instance and non-acceptance of new lawsuits by the court Appeals, either by the parties or by a third party, no new claims can be filed at the appeal stage; In Iranian law; In some special situations, the legislator has initially provided for the filing of such lawsuits at this stage, among which situations such as; Violation of the authenticity of the documents expressed by the litigants, the possibility of filing a counter-suit and bringing a third party, a new direction or cause at this stage, new reasons and allegations of forgery at this stage and new claims and defense at this stage and exceptions such as third party and Named a third party in the appeal phase. In French law, the French legislature has made it possible to make a new claim in some cases, such as claims of the other party, issues arising from the entry of a third party or matters that later occurred or were discovered. In this descriptive-analytical study, an attempt has been made to examine the..... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
486 - Criticism of translations of Holy Quran ''Five Excited Translators: Ayati, Hadad Adel, Khorramshahi, Fooladvand and Makarem Shirazi + Author"
Mohammad Hassan TaqiyehThe translation of holy and religious texts, especially the Holy Qur'an, requires three pillars: a) language expertise; b) professionalism in translation; Undoubtedly, there is no standard language and prose, more translations are customized, more translators from the Q MoreThe translation of holy and religious texts, especially the Holy Qur'an, requires three pillars: a) language expertise; b) professionalism in translation; Undoubtedly, there is no standard language and prose, more translations are customized, more translators from the Qur'an than one-language or bilingual, borrowed from word to meaning, and dumb and inaudible, including the problems of translation of the Holy Quran. Certainly, the Holy Qur'an itself has no"ambiguity". If in the translation of other texts, such as literary and scientific texts, a mistake occurs, it is ultimately a mistake, but in the translation of religious texts, especially the Holy Qur'an, the subject is different. Revelation, direct connection with the beliefs of the religionists and the fact that the Quran has been different from other texts. In this research work, the researcher selected the translation of verses from the Holy Qur'an from five prominent Iranian translators: Ayati, Haddad Adil, Khoramshahi, Puladabad and Makarem Shirazi. He then translated his translation into the end of the translations for not only criticizing others. Meanwhile, a reminder of a translation for each of Mubarak's verses is to open the hands of the audience to the translation of a more fluent and eloquent version by offering different translations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
487 - An Investigation of Golshiri's short stories with a Respect to contemporary thinking movements
Ahmad Khiyali khatibi Zohreh yousefiSince the beginning of writing and with emerging thinking in the human society,e especially in humanity sciences, the writing and thinking were intracting in different manners in various places and times. Also , this was a bit common in Iran. It could be said that this MoreSince the beginning of writing and with emerging thinking in the human society,e especially in humanity sciences, the writing and thinking were intracting in different manners in various places and times. Also , this was a bit common in Iran. It could be said that this was observed for these recent hundred years and has been recently established as the thinking trends. Clearly , the way for emerging their own thoughts by using their thoughts. Additionally , they followed the political, social and cultural thoughts through the thinking frameworks through of story styles. Among the authors, Hosshang Golshiri was Specially credited. With regarding the social , Political and cultural aspects interacting on each other and with a gesture on the political, social positions of the previous periods, his stories will be analyzed in terms of the contemporary thinking approaches.It will be clarified that he was strongly influenced by the trends while also he himself was influencing on the trends. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
488 - Symbol and Symbolism in Poems of Fereydoon Moshiri
Shiva Amin Eskandari Ahmad Khiyali KhatibiSymbolism in literature and poetry has long lasted history full of ups and downs. Symbol or code has various definitions. In the book of world’s literary terms symbol means thing that stand on behalf of another thing, but this representation is not because of iden MoreSymbolism in literature and poetry has long lasted history full of ups and downs. Symbol or code has various definitions. In the book of world’s literary terms symbol means thing that stand on behalf of another thing, but this representation is not because of identical similarity between two things but also because of some vague implication or relationship that is by chance or arbitrary. Yung believes that the unconscious language is the symbolic language. The unconsciousness does not talk to us directly, there is always sign and secret and by the disguise of symbol. Fereydoon Moshiri is like other poets follow this rule. He by the use of symbolism in his poems has simple words multi-meaning. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to study the symbol and symbolism in poems of him and a question: what symbols he used more? Therefore, the result of research, that was carried out by the means of library, show that Moshiri was interested in natural phenomena such as flower, water, fire, as well as mystic subjects, mythical characters, heroes, religious figures, and poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
489 - The Minimum Wage Effects on Employment in Manufacturing Industry
Safura Javadi Hassan TaeeThis paper aims at investigating the effect of minimum wage on employment composition among Iran's manufacturing industries، using a microeconomic model which has been estimated by GLS and panel data collected from 1375 to 1384.Estimations show that an increase in minim MoreThis paper aims at investigating the effect of minimum wage on employment composition among Iran's manufacturing industries، using a microeconomic model which has been estimated by GLS and panel data collected from 1375 to 1384.Estimations show that an increase in minimum wage statistically has significant effect on the unskilled employment، and the employment rate of unskilled workers increases when the minimum wage is increased. An important implication of this research is that government requires reconsidering the criteria used for determining the minimum wage in Iran in order to diminish the imbalance in the current labor market. Economic development and level of productivity should be considered as two important criteria of determining the minimum wage Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
490 - The role of effective factors on Net Spread on private and State-owned Commercial Banks in Iran
Rafik Nazarian Amirabbas HasheminejadThe Spread is generally considered as a sign of efficiency in any Banking system throughout the world. This important indicator is equal to the difference of two ratios which are the revenues from facilities to total facilities of the bank ratio. An increase of this ind MoreThe Spread is generally considered as a sign of efficiency in any Banking system throughout the world. This important indicator is equal to the difference of two ratios which are the revenues from facilities to total facilities of the bank ratio. An increase of this indicator means more cost of raising funds for demanders of funds. But it is, on the contrary, a signal for higher efficiency of banking system. The main objective of this research is to measure the net spread of public banks and appraisal of effects of three groups of banking policy making and aggregate economy variables on net spread changes throughout the years 1377 to 1386.Calculations show that the average net spread of public banks throughout 1377 to 1386 equals 6.161 and from 1382 to 1386. it has fallen to 5.361.The outcomes of econometrics model reveal that the rate of change in most banking financial indications (such as sight deposit to total deposit ratio, non performing loan ratio, legal deposit ratio and non-interest based revenue to total revenue generating asses ratio) exert meaningful but different effects on the rate of change of underlying variable. Although the private banks have been operating since 1381, the positive multiplier of the herfindahl – Hirschman Index or HHI concentration indicator shows that banking industry in Iran has continually been a monopoly of public sector. However the related numeral multiplier implies a gradual change of current structure towards less monopoly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
491 - The Effect of Electronic Banking on Return on Equity for Selected Banks in Tehran Stock Exchange
سید شمس الدین حسینی حمید فرامرزی عبادElectronic banking is a result of entering information and communication technology in the field of banking that led to reduced bank’s and costumer's costs. Use of electronic banking instruments such as automated teller machine (ATM) and point of sales (POS) has r MoreElectronic banking is a result of entering information and communication technology in the field of banking that led to reduced bank’s and costumer's costs. Use of electronic banking instruments such as automated teller machine (ATM) and point of sales (POS) has released delivery of banking services from the liabilities of time and location and affect the profitability of banks. This study has investigated the effect of electronic banking expansion on return on equity (ROE) in eight banks in the Tehran Stock Exchange included four private banks (Eghtesad novin, Parsian, Pasargad, Sina) and for state-owned banks that has been transferred their shares to the Stock Exchange (Saderat, Mellat, Tejarat, Post bank); in period of 1385-1393. Based on Generalized Least Square (GLS) approach and panel data method we found a significant positive effects between ROE and independent variables such as ATM/Branch, SPOS, HHI and GDP . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
492 - An Analysis of objectivism in methodological hermeneutics, emphasizing on Hirsch's view
somayeh abdollahi zohreh akhavan moghadam Mohamad Reza AramHermeneutics has been defined as "interpreting". Hermeneutics has faced many differences and conflicts in its tumultuous history, and the views of theorists on the mission of hermeneutics and its realm have varied widely. One of the most controversial issues in hermeneu MoreHermeneutics has been defined as "interpreting". Hermeneutics has faced many differences and conflicts in its tumultuous history, and the views of theorists on the mission of hermeneutics and its realm have varied widely. One of the most controversial issues in hermeneutics, which has even led to a fundamental shift in hermeneutic issues, was the ontological view of understanding, as regarded by Heidegger and Gadamer. They did not know the truth, as in previous periods, through the presentation of methods can be achieved. Philosophical hermeneutics believed in subjectivism; Prior to the emergence of this view, hermeneutics such as Schleiermacher and Delta sought to find a way to understand and to understand the correctly in terms of author and objectivity will be possible. Although ontological approach to the understanding of discourse are considered by many of twenty century philosophers, It also has been faced the criticism. Emilio Betty Warrick Hirsch defended objectivism in understanding texts with a critical and methodological view of understanding. This methodological approach is called methodological hermeneutics and the ontological approach is called philosophical hermeneutics. In this article, we try to explain the objectivist methodological hermeneutics through a library method and, referring to Heidegger and Gadamer's views, address the most important critiques of Hirsch in the subjective approach of philosophical hermeneutics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
493 - The Philosophical Analysis of Shī‘ite Scholars’ Views on Badā’
حامد نامی اصفهانیBadā’ or the mutability of God’s will, is one of the major teachings of the Shī‘ite theology. This concept from the earliest times has drawn Muslim scholars’ attention to itself. Because of its opposition to divine omniscience some scholars have MoreBadā’ or the mutability of God’s will, is one of the major teachings of the Shī‘ite theology. This concept from the earliest times has drawn Muslim scholars’ attention to itself. Because of its opposition to divine omniscience some scholars have hesitated over it and tried to reject it and the others have tried to analyze and support it. In this respect, paying attention to the usage of this expression in the Divine Book and the Transmitted Traditions is very critical for analyzing it, because its understanding depends on the deep recognition of religious teachings. By quoting valid opinions, this essay tries to survey and criticize the views of Muslim scholars about Badā’. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
494 - Foundations of Reformed Epistemology and the mesure of Reid`s Influence
Abbas Yazdani Hosein ali NasrollahiReformed epistemology as a new school in philosophy of religion, particularly in religious epistemology which criticizing classic and modern foundationalism on the criterion of rationality of religious beliefs claims that belief in God can be intelligible regardless to MoreReformed epistemology as a new school in philosophy of religion, particularly in religious epistemology which criticizing classic and modern foundationalism on the criterion of rationality of religious beliefs claims that belief in God can be intelligible regardless to be successful or unsuccesful of evidence or arguments for the existence of God. It is claimed that reformed epistemologists have been significantly influenced by eighteen`s century Scottish philosopher Thomas Reid (1710-1796). The purpose of this paper is to assess this claim by considering the foundations of reformed epistemology according to Plantinga, Wolterstorff, Alston and Reid`s writings as well as writings about Reid from one side, and analyzing and comparing them on the other side. The conclusion is that reformed epistemology has been influenced by Reid in it`s foundations of general epistemology, but according to the religious epistemology, one can not attribute easily the main claim of this school, that is, basicality of belief in God, to Reid. Manuscript profile -
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495 - A survey on possibility of an Intelligible Relation between “Conceptual Scheme” and “Empirical Content”
Meisam Mohammad aminiDavidson’s arguments against the validity of distinction between “conceptual scheme” and “empirical content”, namely “the third dogma of empiricism”, have caused numerous debates and several objections. Two general criticisms ar MoreDavidson’s arguments against the validity of distinction between “conceptual scheme” and “empirical content”, namely “the third dogma of empiricism”, have caused numerous debates and several objections. Two general criticisms are as follows: 1. Davidson’s arguments, contrary to his claim, do not reject “the very idea of conceptual scheme,” but his critics merely can be applied to Quinces’ specific interpretation of conceptual scheme. 2. All Davidson’s arguments are based on his semantic views, accepting and denying the arguments rely on the standpoint which has been taken about his semantic theory. In this paper, after a brief description of Davidson’s main argument and the mentioned objections, we have presented another critic implying that even if regarded Davidson’s arguments successful, he has only shown that any attempt already made by empiricists has failed to justify the epistemic role of sensual experience. Despite of his claims, it cannot lead to providing such explanation principally is impossible. Particularly, one of the recent responses made by empiricists, at least will be kept safe from his anti-foundationalist objections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
496 - Determination of Potential Habitat of Two Rangeland Species in Semi-Desert Area Using GIS (Case Study: Watershed of Kolah Deraz, Qasr-e-Shirin, Iran)
Ali Mahdavi Mojtaba Jamshidifard -
Open Access Article
497 - Determination of Soil Salinity in Frankenia hirsuta L. Habitat (Case Study: Saline and Alkaline Rangelands of Golestan Province)
Ghasem Ali Abarsaji Mohammad Mahdavi Mohammad Hassan Jouri -
Open Access Article
498 - Investigating the Impact of Diversification Strategy in Assets and Loans on Bank Return
Mousa Bozorg Asl Alireza Akbari Masule Mohammad Javad Mohaghegh Nia Mohammad Taghi Taqhavi FardDiversification and return's relationship is a question that every bank faces with it. It is a routin issue that the bank should answer to it. This study also seeks to evaluate the relationship between diversification and return. The sample of study is 10 banks included MoreDiversification and return's relationship is a question that every bank faces with it. It is a routin issue that the bank should answer to it. This study also seeks to evaluate the relationship between diversification and return. The sample of study is 10 banks included Saderat, Mellat, Tejarat, Parsian, Eghtesad Novin, Pasargad, Sina, Hekmat, Day, Sarmaye, Post bank, and Karafrin. The period of study was from 2011 to 2015. Herfindal Herishman index (HHI) was used as the proxy of diversification and two kinds of return included return of assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The multiple regression is used and estimated by estimated generalized least squares (EGLS). The results showed that there was a significant and adverse relationship between diversification of assets and ROA. Also, there wasn't a significant relationship between diversification of loans and ROA. Furthermore, there wasn't a significant relationship between diversification of loans and assets with ROE Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
499 - Solvability of the infinite systems of nonlinear third-order differential equations in the weighted sequence space ${\bf m_\omega(\Delta_{\mathfrak{v}}^{\varsigma}, \psi,q)}$
M. Khanehgir H. Amiri Kayvanloo R. Allahyari M. Mehrabinezhad -
Open Access Article
500 - A Third Order Iterative Method for Finding Zeros of Nonlinear Equations
Manijheh Tavoosi -
Open Access Article
501 - A Novel Finite Difference Method of Order Three for the Third Order Boundary Value Problem in ODEs
Pramod Pandey -
Open Access Article
502 - HAAR WAVELET AND ADOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHOD FOR THIRD ORDER PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS ARISING IN IMPULSIVE MOTION OF A AT PLATE
I. Singh S. Kumar -
Open Access Article
503 - Creating Sustainable Income through the Cashew Nuts Value Chain (Evidence from Ghana)
Nicholas Oppong Mensah Richmond Anaman Kingsford Nyarko- Fordjour Samuel Afotey Anang Anthony Donkor Jacqueline Twintoh -
Open Access Article
504 - Review High-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of drugs containing multiple chiral centers on chiral stationary phases
Jahanbaksh Ghasemi Mahmood Chamsaz Saeid Asadpour Ali Sarafraz Yazdi -
Open Access Article
505 - Faunestic Study of Long-Horned Beetle (Col.: Cerambycidae) in Shiraz and vicinities
N. Seddighi A. A. Talebi R. Vafaei Shoushtari G. F. SamaA survey was conducted to identifying long-horned beetles (Col.: Cerambycidae) in Shiraz and its vicinities during July 2005-Sept. 2006. The specimens were collected using different methods such as hand collecting, light trap, screen light trap, barking, rearing, and su MoreA survey was conducted to identifying long-horned beetles (Col.: Cerambycidae) in Shiraz and its vicinities during July 2005-Sept. 2006. The specimens were collected using different methods such as hand collecting, light trap, screen light trap, barking, rearing, and sugar trap and sweeping net. To collecting those beetles, different areas like forests, fruit trees, plateau and mountains had been searched. A total of 210 specimens related to 12 species were collected. These species have been identified and verified by Mr. Gianfranco Sama from Italy. Species were belonging to 4 subfamilies: Cerambycinae: Cerambyx cerdo (L., 1758), Xenopachys matthiesseni (Reitter, 1908), Ospheranteria coerulescens (Redtenbacher, 1850), Plagionotus bobelayei (Brulle, 1832), Hesperophanes sericeus (Fabricius, 1787), Jebusaea hammerschmidti (Reiche, 1877), Certallum ebulinum (L., 1767) Lamiinae: Pedestredorcadion brunneicolle (Kraatz, 1873) Prioninae: Prinobius myardi (Mulsant, 1842), Mesoprionus persicus (Redtenbacher, 1850), Pogonarthron minutum (Pic., 1905) Lepturinae: Stictoleptura rufa (Brullè , 1832) The external morphology of the species was illustrated using a stereomicroscope equipped with drawing tube. A key for identification of the long horned beetles, which occurred in Shiraz and surrounding is presented. The collected specimens were keeping in the collection of entomology of the Shiraz history of nature museum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
506 - Study of agronomical and economical aspects of saffron and chamomile intercropping in Isfahan region
M. Naderi Darbaghshahi A. Pazoki A. Banitaba A. Jalali ZandThis study was done in order to investigatethe agronomical and economical aspects of saffron and chamomile intercropping was conducted in farm research of Khorasgan Islamic Azad University in 2008-2009. In this study intercropping of three kind chamomile (Matricaria cha MoreThis study was done in order to investigatethe agronomical and economical aspects of saffron and chamomile intercropping was conducted in farm research of Khorasgan Islamic Azad University in 2008-2009. In this study intercropping of three kind chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla, Tanacetum parthenium, Anthemis nobilis) in two sowing date in a saffron farm with his three-year-old were investigated. Experimental design was Randomized Complete Blocks with split factorial layout in four replications. Treatments were considered as net saffron and net chamomile in main plots and factorial of three kind chamomile and two sowing date (late November after flower saffron harvest and early-march) as sub- plots. The results showed that have been possible chamomile cultivation inter rows saffron without any negative competition between plants, in a way that the yield of saffron in treatment net saffron and treatment mix of saffron and chamomile did not have meaningful difference. The best treatment of saffron and chamomile mix (saffron and autumnal German chamomile) possibility of producing simultaneously amount 1.83 kg/ha saffron flower and 1354 kg/ha of flower dry chamomile with a relative value total (RVT) 3.41 and a land equal ratio (ELR) there, that this amount of chamomile production with the amount of the production of German chamomile in treatment of net chamomile cultivation didn't have meaningful difference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
507 - Effects of Two Cooking Methods on the Concentrations of Some Heavy Metals (Cadmium, Lead, Chromium, Nickel and Cobalt) in Some Rice Brands Available in Iranian Market
Mahmood Naseri Zahedeh Rahmanikhah Vahid Beiygloo Somayeh Ranjbar -
Open Access Article
508 - Investigation of heavy metals (Cadmium, Lead) in Chironomidae and Gammarus pulex Namrood River – Tehran Province
Rezaei M. Kamali A. and Shapoori M. -
Open Access Article
509 - Assessment of Heavy Metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) in Different Tissues of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Caught from Shirinsu Wetland, Western Iran
Soheil Sobhan Ardakani Seyed Milad Jafari -
Open Access Article
510 - Analysis and explanation of stock returns based on third and fourth order torques of non-systematic risk and the role of arbitrage constraints and investors' limited attention to it
roqaye talebi Majid Zanjirdar Mohammadreza pour FakharanThe purpose of this study was to investigate the response of stock returns to non-systematic risk torque measurement models. The spatial scope of this research was the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the time domain was between 2013and 2020. The presen MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the response of stock returns to non-systematic risk torque measurement models. The spatial scope of this research was the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the time domain was between 2013and 2020. The present research is in the category of applied research. If the classification of types of research is considered based on the nature and method, the method of the present research is descriptive in terms of nature and is considered as a correlational research in terms of method. Based on the systematic elimination method, 152 companies were selected as a statistical sample. Descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to describe and summarize the collected data. In order to analyze the data, first the variance heterogeneity pre-tests, F-Limer test and Jark-Bra test were used, and then multivariate regression were used to confirm and reject the research hypotheses (EVIEWS software). The results showed the effect of unsystematic risk torques on future stock returns with increasing limited shareholder attention; Arbitrage restrictions as well as the simultaneous interaction between limited shareholder attention and arbitrage restrictions are intensifying; The obtained results eliminate the contradiction of studies and are consistent with the documents mentioned in the theoretical framework of research and financial literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
511 - Histological and Histomorphometrical Study of Intestine in Shirbot (Barbus grypus
H. Morovvati Mehdi Hadi Jafari محمود Khaksar M. MesbahIn the fish, intestine has different length according to the type of die. Since Barbusgrypus has an omnivorous diet which it’s the abundant and native fish in Khuzestan. Intestinal structures in these fishes are different from diet of carnivorous. Recognition hist MoreIn the fish, intestine has different length according to the type of die. Since Barbusgrypus has an omnivorous diet which it’s the abundant and native fish in Khuzestan. Intestinal structures in these fishes are different from diet of carnivorous. Recognition histology of the intestine in this fish can help to feed and nutritional requirement for the development of upbringing of this fish.In this study, 10 Shirbot with average weight 354.25±60.52 g and mean length of 36.25±4.16cm was chosen and after the easy drawing, the intestine are removed and the section of paraffin embedding and stained by routine histological was done about it. With Dino lite lenses and Dino capture software various parts was measured and then data were analyzedwith SPSS software and with p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
512 - The Relationship Between Weight and Total Length of Males and Females Broodstocks with some Reproductive Parameters of Rutilus frisii kutum in Reproduction Time in Shirud River
M.R. Ghomi S. Hashemi C. MakhdoomiThis study was accomplished during the period of breeding and migration of the kutum (2015) to the Shirud River (Tonekabon, Iran) on 60 male and female broodstocks. During this study, the relationship between total length and weight of adult males and females broodstock MoreThis study was accomplished during the period of breeding and migration of the kutum (2015) to the Shirud River (Tonekabon, Iran) on 60 male and female broodstocks. During this study, the relationship between total length and weight of adult males and females broodstocks with the reproductive parameters such as the number of eggs per gram, egg weight, egg diameter, number of larvae produced in gram, the weight of larvae produced, and the fertilization rate have been measured. According to Pearson correlation test, results showed that there was a negative significant correlation (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
513 - Investigation of Heavy Metals in Carasobarbus Luteus, Barbus Grypus and Tilapia sp. and Risk Assessment for Consumers in Shavour River of Shush County
Reza Salighehzadeh Marjan Mosafer saad bayatThe purpose of this study is to investigate the native fish of Hamri, Shirbat and Tilapila in Shavor River in Shush city in terms of heavy metal contamination and risk assessment for consumers. To investigate the amount of heavy metals remaining in fish meat) were colle MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the native fish of Hamri, Shirbat and Tilapila in Shavor River in Shush city in terms of heavy metal contamination and risk assessment for consumers. To investigate the amount of heavy metals remaining in fish meat) were collected from several parts of Shavor River in Shush city. The results obtained from the descriptive statistics of the residual amount of elements in Shirbat, Hamri and Tilapila species of fish did not have a significant relationship with the amount of cobalt, copper, nickel and zinc residual heavy metals in fish meat with international health standards, it showed that the concentration of all elements Except for lead and nickel, they were significantly (p<0.05) below the permissible limit. The concentration of lead was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the permissible limit. The health risk assessment showed that according to the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) of heavy metals, the daily and continuous consumption of these products by different age groups (children and adults) of consumers is completely safe, except for lead, and there is no risk of this there are no comments for them. The results of this research showed that the average concentration of arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, tin and zinc in Shirbat, Hamri and Tilapila fishes is lower than the international standards and only Pb concentrations were higher compared to FAO/WHO. Also, the estimation of daily intake and according to the MTDI values of all metals except lead showed that the consumption of Shirbat, Hamri and Tilapila fish currently does not pose a risk to human health, however, to prevent possible contamination in the future In terms of management, more attention should be paid to these pollutants and their possible sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
514 - Studying the Mythological Elements in the Lyric Works of Amir Khosrow Dehlavi
Parisa Gholamzadeh Nikjou Ayyub Kooshan Rostam AmaniAbstract The mythological and epical elements have so rooted in the Persian literature that they have even been reflected in the lyric and mystical works. The existence of these elements In lyric poetry is the topic of our discussion in this essay. Our aim is to ex MoreAbstract The mythological and epical elements have so rooted in the Persian literature that they have even been reflected in the lyric and mystical works. The existence of these elements In lyric poetry is the topic of our discussion in this essay. Our aim is to excavate and explain the reflected mythological elements in Amir Khosrow Dehlavi's lyric works. We want to show those unstudied elements in his poetry. The background of this research are : the reflection of rites in Dehlavi's diwan studying the elements of public culture and the related miracle in it. The research has been done in descriptive-analytic method plus logical reasoning. The procedure is to find distiches linked with the title and their documentation and analyzing each of them. The total reasons attained are :mythological and epic elements in Persian lyric works which have been reflected in Dehlavi's poetry from which the most prolific reflected elements are the water of animal, Majnoon, Yoosef, Eskandar, Khezr prophet, Nowrooz ; and the least prolific ones are mythological and epical elements as Simorgh, Zal Zar, Yaghoob Rostam and Dara. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
515 - Investigation of Archetypes of Sayeh ( shadow ) and its comparison with the Story of Bashare Parhizkar ( virtuous man ) from Nezami's Haft Peykar based on Jung's school of psychology
Vajiheh Torkmani BarandooziAbstract Sayeh ( shadow ) is one of Jung's archetypes. In this process of individuality he introduces some archetypes that are shared by many people. He believes that man can achieve prosperity and perfection through correct u MoreAbstract Sayeh ( shadow ) is one of Jung's archetypes. In this process of individuality he introduces some archetypes that are shared by many people. He believes that man can achieve prosperity and perfection through correct understanding of these archetypes; one of which was introduced by Jung as shadow which is the dark dimension of the human being. Sayeh is an unbecoming feature that knowingly happens in man's behavior. This research intends to investigate the third dome of this archetype in the behavior of Bashar ( human being )in the well-known Nezami's Haft Peykar 's pious character.and shows how he becomes familiar with his sayeh in the spiritual journey and achieves individuality process ( prosperity ) after death. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
516 - Studying and Analyzing the Narrative Elements in The Mathnavi of Farhad and Shirin from Wahshi Bafghi
Ma'sumeh Assadzadeh Farhad Falahatkhah Najibeh HonarwarThe mathnavi of Farhad and Shirin from Wahshi Bafghi is one of the masterpieces of Persian literature. Structural analysis of the narrative elements in this poetry, is of the axial questions of this research. In this research which has been accomplish by descriptive &nd MoreThe mathnavi of Farhad and Shirin from Wahshi Bafghi is one of the masterpieces of Persian literature. Structural analysis of the narrative elements in this poetry, is of the axial questions of this research. In this research which has been accomplish by descriptive – analytic method, besides presenting clear and comprehensive descriptions of the structural components of the story, other elements such as plot, perspective, characterization, intermediators, decoration themes, incidents, and dialogs have been analyzed. The findings showed that the story elements, in this poetry, have been conscientiously set in the service of the development of the story. Wahshi's skillfulness in combination of these elements and making connection between them has caused the plot of the story to have a relatively cause and effect relationship. This has endowed the story stability and firmness. All of which are appealing to the reader to read the story to the end. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
517 - The Analysis of the Archetype of Hero's Travel in the Story of Khosrow & Shirin from Nezami
Raheleh Abdollah Zadeh Mohammad RayhaniAbstract Campbell, the famous American mythologist, follows the internal excursion of man in a mold of mythological heroes, and by surveying those fables shows how this archetype retreats itself in a new mold to guide man to i MoreAbstract Campbell, the famous American mythologist, follows the internal excursion of man in a mold of mythological heroes, and by surveying those fables shows how this archetype retreats itself in a new mold to guide man to its internal travel and self-awareness. He considers the hero's mythical travel by a unique pattern of dispatch, arrival, and returning. We are to shoe, in this article, although Khosrow and Shirin is a historic story, has accomplished the three levels according to Campbell's ideas. Anushiravan promises the hero, in the dream, the marriage with Shirin, getting Shabdiz and the throne and Shapoor advises him to find them on the earth. By yhe encouragement of the messenger, Khosrow departs from Iran to meet Shirin who is the symbol of the anima in the heart of the hero ; and having passed through the negative trait of shade reaches his unconscious self and at the end of the story , the love affair of Shirooyeh to Shirin doesn't let him enter the human society. Finally, the hero is made to seclude in the fire-temple and his returning to the society becomes impossible. The archetype of sleep, shade, old savant, seducing woman, unseen helper, messenger, and symbols like horse, earring, sorcerer, lion, mountain, stone which have contributed the archetypal travel of the hero have all been resolved in this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
518 - Studying How Taghi Danesh's Style is Influenced from Hafez Shirazi
Rajab TohidiyanAbstract Taghi Danesh , one of the poets, scholars and writers of Ghajar's last period and early period of Pahlavi dynasty followed the poetic style of the previous poets in the second half of the 8th century and early period MoreAbstract Taghi Danesh , one of the poets, scholars and writers of Ghajar's last period and early period of Pahlavi dynasty followed the poetic style of the previous poets in the second half of the 8th century and early period of 9th century, was specifically under the impact of Hafez Shirazi's poems and tenets. This affectability from Hafez can be discussed in three significant stylistic aspects: Poems which the poet, by imitating the style of the late 8th century and early the 9th century, he has followed Hafez poetry in external melody (meter and prosody) , marginal melody ( rhyme and alignment ) or phonologic level in the same way; and he has also dealt with the meter, rhyme and alignment of Hafez poetry with other meanings, themes ; and finally he has benefited from language and vocabulary and their combinations and expressions of Hafez's Diwan (book of poetry). We have tried , in this article, to discuss the three levels mentioned issues in Taghi Danesh's poetry by bringing samples and evidences from other poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
519 - Rhyme in " The Khosrow and Shirin " of Nezami
Azizeh Najafi Khodaverdi abbaszadehAbstract Rhyme comprises an important part of the poetic melody; by studying of it one can find a part of poetical art in it. The distinguished poets have always tried to choose the best rhyme regarding their rhythm and though MoreAbstract Rhyme comprises an important part of the poetic melody; by studying of it one can find a part of poetical art in it. The distinguished poets have always tried to choose the best rhyme regarding their rhythm and thought. In this paper, we've surveyed the rhyme in the versified story of Khosrow and Shirin from Nezami. It shows that Nezami was well-aware of rhyming scheme and by studying its values he has composed The Khosrow and Shirin. The rhymes are often short, mono-syllabic, and simple indicating the lyric thought of the poet; nominal and verbal terms have come with frequency close to each other. The ordinary deficiency of rhyme is seen in its structure which the poet has used it according to the style of the time and what was current in the literature but the creativity and skillfulness which Nezami had in rhyming scheme and the combination of rhyme with row has diminished the deficiency of the rhyme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
520 - Love and its true wayfarers' Feature in the Lyrical Poems of Khosrow Shirin and Leila Majnoon of Nezami
Ali rezaei Hamzeh Kandi Aziz Hojjaji Kahjoogh Arash MoshfaghiAbstract The essence of love is current in the text and center of all particles of the universe. Basically, the foundation of creation is based on love and has reached the plains of existence and objectivity. Love is the Divin MoreAbstract The essence of love is current in the text and center of all particles of the universe. Basically, the foundation of creation is based on love and has reached the plains of existence and objectivity. Love is the Divine endowment which has been put in the human's heart since creation and it is a heaven trust which the men of love wayfarers have taken responsibility to carry it and bowed his head against His Glory as emphasized in the Divine revelation. Hakim Nezami Ganjavi of the sixth century poets in the literary domain of Azarbaijan with a symbolic expression in the mold of convivial stories at the same time mystical ones, has alluded excellent points to necessities and exquisite mystical excursion in the expression of some heroes such as khosrow Shirin and Leila Majnoon and developed the virtual love as a bridge to the true and mystical love. He introduces Farhad, leili and Majnoon who seek divine love as the true heroes of the field of love. This article deals with the two love poetry of Nezami. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
521 - Vibration Analysis of FG Micro-Beam Based on the Third Order Shear Deformation and Modified Couple Stress Theories
Mehdi Alimoradzadeh Mehdi Salehi Sattar Mohammadi Esfarjani -
Open Access Article
522 - Explaining the Physical Components of the Landscape of Historical Gardens among the Women Who Refer to Them (With the Approach of Improving the Quality of Landscape Healing) (Case study: Historical gardens of Shiraz)
mozhdeh mokhtari mansour yeganeh Reza Afhami Historical gardens, as a healing landscape as a platform that influences the culture and the body, soul and mind of users, especially women, should provide a basis for peace of mind and culture of users with their surroundings. Provide a healing purpo More Historical gardens, as a healing landscape as a platform that influences the culture and the body, soul and mind of users, especially women, should provide a basis for peace of mind and culture of users with their surroundings. Provide a healing purpose. In this regard, in this article, the main purpose of evaluating the effects of the physical components of historic gardens on the healing quality of women's landscape. This article, according to the method, is descriptive-analytical and is applied based on the purpose. The method of data collection in this study is documentary and survey with a questionnaire and data analysis was performed using factor analysis and multivariate regression test in SPSS and structural equation modeling in Amos environment. The statistical population included women referring to the historical gardens of Eram, Delgosha, Takht, Khalili, Jahannama, Narenjestan Ghavam, Karim Khan citadel, Bagh-e Nazar, Haft Tanan and Jannat, with a sample size of 180 people. Findings from confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling also showed that 73.4% of the changes in the quality of landscape healing of women are affected by factor loads related to the physical components of historic gardens, according to which the quality of landscape healing In historical gardens, solutions such as culture building; Prevent the creation of abandoned spaces in study gardens; Not to build long routes in such a way that no other route interferes with it; Allocating special spaces to women in study gardens; Allocation of spaces is provided only for the use of women and … Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
523 - The House Decorations of Qajar Period and its Effect on Creating a Sense of Place (Case Study of the Houses of Mushir al-Dawla, Mu'tamun al-Atiba 'and Alam-al-Saltanah)
Amir hossein Zakerzadeh aniseh ghorbani niaThe historical houses of the Qajar period can be considered the valuable treasures of the history of ‎Iranian architecture. The splendor of Iranian architecture depends on its decorations, which are not ‎ineffective in creating a sense of place. Therefore, ident MoreThe historical houses of the Qajar period can be considered the valuable treasures of the history of ‎Iranian architecture. The splendor of Iranian architecture depends on its decorations, which are not ‎ineffective in creating a sense of place. Therefore, identifying the factors that affect the sense of place ‎is necessary and inevitable for it to improve. Hence, this study aimed to identify and explain the ‎decorations used in Qajar period houses and its effect on creating a sense of place in these houses by ‎descriptive-analytical method, and so a survey was conducted in Qajar period houses located in 12th ‎and 11th districts of Tehran. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The ‎collected data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis and regression. The results showed that ‎the architectural decorations of these houses; Bedding, brickwork, tiling, woodworking, sash and ‎sash weaving, metal decorations, mosaics and laminating. These decorations had a positive and ‎significant effect on the identity of the place with a coefficient (0.544), belonging to the place with a ‎coefficient (0.497), dependence on the place with a coefficient (0.286), and creating a sense of place ‎in these houses Has been effective (p <0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that the decorations used ‎in these houses has played an important role in creating a sense of place in these houses by affecting ‎the identity, belonging and dependence on the place in the audience. Recognition of these factors in ‎heritage spaces is a way to preserve architecture.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
524 - Causes of Economic Network Survivability of Terrorist Organizations in the Middle East in Political Communication Era
Tahereh Ebrahimi far امیر حامد آزادFunding is operating engine of terrorist organizations (national and international Salafist armed organizations) in the Middle East. However, some of these organizations, such as Taliban and ISIS, with the establishment of the so-called state, have loaded the costs of w MoreFunding is operating engine of terrorist organizations (national and international Salafist armed organizations) in the Middle East. However, some of these organizations, such as Taliban and ISIS, with the establishment of the so-called state, have loaded the costs of welfare spending of their dominated areas to costs of their war and survival. Hence, consideration of different patterns indicates that national and International Salafist armed organizations, by benefiting from a vast financial network of NGOs, have achieved self-government. But it seems true that this autonomy is based on the determination of some governments to use these organizations for certain changes in the international system in order to achieve their relative benefits. Based on this pattern, the terrorist organizations in the Middle East, by serving the interests of one or more state actors, continue funding their network and thus have retained their survival. Relying on the doctrine of realism regarding the anarchic international system, the only way to undermine or destroy the national and international organization of Salafist financial network in the Middle East is implementing a strategy for increasing the costs of changes in the international system and prevent certain governments to the benefits that result from this process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
525 - Investigation of Hirmand Hydropolytic Effect on National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
farhad gorgij ziya khazaeiThe fresh water in the earth's surface forms only three percent of the total population. The difficulty of the situation becomes apparent when it comes to the unequal distribution of water in different areas, and the increasing population growth and the increasing consu MoreThe fresh water in the earth's surface forms only three percent of the total population. The difficulty of the situation becomes apparent when it comes to the unequal distribution of water in different areas, and the increasing population growth and the increasing consumption of water in various fields have led to the emergence of sensitive conditions. Which many economists from the 21st century called the Hydropolitan Century. Therefore, in the relations of political units in areas where rainfall is low, water will create future tensions. The purpose of this research is descriptive-analytical study of the effect of hydro-polytechnic of the Hirmand River on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. We seek to answer this question. What impact of the hydropolitic of the Hirmand River on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran? It seems that Hirmand hydro-politics in various aspects of political, military, economic, cultural and especially environmental affects the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran and cooperation in the Hirmand joint area requires attention to the approach to environmental security and the search for solutions for joint cooperation Within the framework of this approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
526 - The impact of social networks on the election behavior of citizens in terms of propaganda in the 13th presidential election (in the constituency of Qasr Shirin, Sar -e Pol Zahab, Gilan Gharb)
Abbas azadi Nusrat Allah Heidary Shahram Fatahi Idris Beheshti Nia Hamid Reza SaeedinejadAbstract:The main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of social networks on the electoral behavior of citizens in terms of propaganda in the 13th presidential election, in the Qasr Shirin constituency, Sar -e Pol Zahab and Gilan Gharb in Kermanshah provi MoreAbstract:The main purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of social networks on the electoral behavior of citizens in terms of propaganda in the 13th presidential election, in the Qasr Shirin constituency, Sar -e Pol Zahab and Gilan Gharb in Kermanshah province. This research was conducted using a researcher -made questionnaire tool. The statistical population of research was citizens over the age of 5 in this constituency who participated in the 13th presidential election. In this study, multi -stage cluster sampling method was used and the sample size was specified using Cochran formula. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the analysis of the route showed that the advertising variable had an impact on citizens' election behavior with 29 %. It is also the rate of determination coefficient, which indicates that the dependent variable changes (electoral behavior) are explained by independent variables (social network and advertising). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
527 - Investigation and evaluation of urban resilience against flood risks (case study of district 3 of Shiraz city) Abstract
Mohamadrasul Parvari مرضیه موغلی mohammad ebrahim afifiPurpose the purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the state of resilience against flood hazards in District 3 of Shiraz. The present research has been done by combining objective data taken from statistical documents and written reports as well as quest MorePurpose the purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze the state of resilience against flood hazards in District 3 of Shiraz. The present research has been done by combining objective data taken from statistical documents and written reports as well as questionnaire data from surveys. The statistical sample of the research is 30 professionals involved in crisis management and resilience in District 3 of Shiraz Municipality. The sample volume was determined using the theoretical saturation method and the snowball method was used for sampling. In order to determine the weight of indicators and their importance in resilience using Shannon's entropy method Also, in order to evaluate the resilience of the studied areas, the copperas method has been used. The results of the surveys show that in four dimensions (physical, economic, social and institutional) Areas 6 and 5 have better performance in terms of resilience And areas 7 and 2 have poor performance in flood resilience variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
528 - Imāmzādih Hossein ibn Musā's Tomb: A Historical Study
mohammad bagheri حمیدرضا ثنائیImamzadeh Hossein ibn Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the second century AH and the first half of the third century AH. According to the reports of many sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was buried. T MoreImamzadeh Hossein ibn Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the second century AH and the first half of the third century AH. According to the reports of many sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was buried. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, first explains the reports of many sources about his burial and then analyzes and considers their authenticity. The available reports mention his burial in cities such as Shiraz, Behbahan, Jopar Kerman, Kufa, Dezful and Tabas. The result indicates that the tomb of Imamzadeh is most likely located in the city of Tabas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
529 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
530 - Analysis of the Kurdish Tale "Shirzad Shirdil" Based on Joseph Campbell's Theory of the Hero's Journey
Marjan Aliakbarzade zehtabThe present article, which has been written in a descriptive-analytical manner based on field studies in the field of popular literature, examines the oral and Kurdish tale "Shirzad Shirdil," which has not yet been fully documented, based on Joseph Campbell's (1904-1987 MoreThe present article, which has been written in a descriptive-analytical manner based on field studies in the field of popular literature, examines the oral and Kurdish tale "Shirzad Shirdil," which has not yet been fully documented, based on Joseph Campbell's (1904-1987) theory of the hero's journey. It aligns the stages of the tale with this theory and also addresses some of its symbols. The importance of the present subject is due to the cultural-literary value of folk tales and the interdisciplinary position of Campbell's theory. The main question is: How and to what extent do the stages of this tale correspond to the hero's journey? The hypothesis is that although this tale does not have all the stages of Campbell's hero's journey, it has most of them. Based on the research findings, since Shirzad is accompanied by the older dimension of his existence – Malek-Ahmad - both dimensions must necessarily attain transcendence. Therefore, to complete the hero's journey, the repetition of a stage such as the meeting with the goddess, the passage through the belly of the whale, the ultimate boon, the apotheosis, and the master of two worlds is sometimes manifested. Additionally, this tale lacks the stages of the hero's refusal of return, the magical flight, and the rescue from without. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
531 - Socio-economic factors On Student Migration Tendency In Master’s Degree In Shiraz University
Sousan Sahami Karim FathiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the student's tendency to immigrate from the country. The sample of this study consists of 120 students of 25-25 years old students of Shiraz University. They were randomly selected. Data were c MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the student's tendency to immigrate from the country. The sample of this study consists of 120 students of 25-25 years old students of Shiraz University. They were randomly selected. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using regression analysis, correlation coefficient. Findings of the research show that there is a significant relationship between the pull factor in the destination country (employment opportunity, the motivation for progress, the welfare of the destination country, the welfare of the destination country, the country's scientific opportunities) with the desire to immigrate from the country. Push factor of the country of origin (low unemployment and discriminative, discriminatory and perceived injustice). With the desire to emigrate from the country, the motive for progress is one of the most significant predictors of the desire to emigrate. And among the drivers of education, unemployment, and discrimination and perceived injustice are significant predictors of the desire for immigration. But the protective factors (belonging to the homeland and religious orientation) are not significantly related to the desire to immigrate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
532 - Rural Tourism and Sustainable Rural Development Case Study: the Touristic Regions of Hachiroud and Namakabroud
Zahra Naseri Davoud Roudgar NezhadIn the present era the tourism industry as the biggest industry, is introduced as one of the factors of sustainable development. Tourism has many forms. At the present a new form of tourism called “rural tourism” is introduced in rural areas with the aim of MoreIn the present era the tourism industry as the biggest industry, is introduced as one of the factors of sustainable development. Tourism has many forms. At the present a new form of tourism called “rural tourism” is introduced in rural areas with the aim of sustainable development of regional communities as a tool for the economic and social development and one of the most important modern jobs in the rural areas. For their climatic conditions and human and natural potentials, villages can be introduced as unique attractions. The process of immigration of villages to the cities and the process of urbanism shows that some of the shortages such as the shortage of social facilities (weakness of infrastructures) and income (economic weakness) are the main reasons for the immigration of rural people. Also, the evaluation of the importance and economic effects of tourism is an important subject. The aim of the present study is to investigate the rural tourism and sustainable rural development in the area of Hachiroud and Namakabroud with the use of centralized group discussions, in depth interviews and the use of analytical model SWOT. Results showed that the existence of attractions and the capacities of a region are the key points for the presence of tourists. Also, the existence of powerful authorities who are familiar with their responsibilities, and who care for the region can be among the most important infrastructures for the maintenance and development of tourism and following that creation of interest among youth for that region as their living place and encouraging the prosperity of the region. In these two areas among the most important reasons for the increase in the number of tourist and the sustainable development of this region beside the natural attractions, is the existence of responsible authorities that with the familiarity and knowledge of the researcher do their best for the improvement of the facilities of the region and increasing their capacities for the welfare of tourists Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
533 - Design and Validation of Social Development Measurement Tool in Knowledge-based Organizations (Case Study of Noushirvani University of Babol)
Tahereh Aghamirzaii Maryam Taghvaii Reza Usefi saiid abadiDesign and Validation of Social Development Measurement Tool in Knowledge-based Organizations (Case Study of Noushirvani University of Babol)Design and Validation of Social Development Measurement Tool in Knowledge-based Organizations (Case Study of Noushirvani University of Babol) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
534 - diagnostic validity of the third versionof the WoodcockJohnson cognitive ability scale in students with learning disabilities in Hamedan city
Kambiz Kamkary saed hasanzadeh roya kavehIn this research, the "diagnostic validity of the third version of the Woodcock Johnson cognitive ability scale in students with learning disabilities in Hamedan city" has been discussed. The main question of the research was formulated as follows: Does the th MoreIn this research, the "diagnostic validity of the third version of the Woodcock Johnson cognitive ability scale in students with learning disabilities in Hamedan city" has been discussed. The main question of the research was formulated as follows: Does the third version of Woodcock Johnson's cognitive ability scale have diagnostic validity in students with learning disabilities in Hamedan city? The current research method is in the field of psychometric studies, which is a subset of the methodological research method. The population of this research consists of all the male and female students with learning disabilities who received special educational and therapeutic services in the fifth and sixth grades of non-governmental centers for special learning difficulties in Hamedan city in the academic year of 2013-2013. By using the purposeful sampling method and using the simple random sampling method, 60 students were selected as a sample. The measurement tool in this research is the new third version of Woodcock-Johnson's cognitive abilities, which have good validity and reliability. The statistical model used in the current research to determine the diagnostic validity is the scatter plot method (Davis method) and the confidence interval method. The results of the research showed that with the method of scatter plot points, verbal comprehension tests, spatial relations, sound composition, concept formation, visual adaptation, number inversion, incomplete words and active listening memory and with the confidence interval method of tests Verbal comprehension, visual-auditory learning, visual adaptation and incomplete words have diagnostic validity. Finally, it can be concluded considering that the tests of verbal comprehension, visual adaptation and incomplete words have been shown to have diagnostic validity by both methods, therefore, from the three mentioned tests, He used normal students to identify learning disabled students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
535 - psychometric properties of the third version of the system of assessment of children's behavior (BASC-3) in students with learning disabilities
Sheyda Sanaii Shohreh Shokrzadeh Kambiz KamkariIn the present Research, the psychometric properties of the third version of the system of assessment of children's behavior in students with learning disabilities were discussed. The main question was thus elaborated on whether the third version of the system for measu MoreIn the present Research, the psychometric properties of the third version of the system of assessment of children's behavior in students with learning disabilities were discussed. The main question was thus elaborated on whether the third version of the system for measuring children's behavior in students with learning disabilities characterized by Is it desirable to have a psychometric measurement? The present research is in the field of psychometric planning. The present Research population is comprised of all students with learning disabilities who have referred to Tehran's learning disability centers. Therefore, 120 samples were selected as sample through a targeted sampling method. The third version of the child's behavior assessment system, which has a valid and reliable validity in the original version, was selected. Finally, the results of the research showed that the third version of the child's behavior assessment system using two alpha-Cronbach methods and Spilit-halph with Spearman-Brown correction was used to examine the validity coefficients of the coefficients of 0.84 and 0.83 Which indicates that the internal consistency is desirable; also, the coefficient of stability in the present Research is 0.83 which indicates the repeatability of the Instrument. Finally, in order to verify the validity of the construct, confirmatory factor analysis was used and it was determined that the share of factor loading is the third version of the child behavior assessment system 67/03 and, given that it is more than 40%, it is stated that The third version of the children's behavior assessment system for emotional and behavioral screening is appropriate for students with learning disabilities and the questions of the Instrument can be used to screen the emotional and behavioral patterns of students with learning disabilities. Also, in accordance with the concurrent criterion, the correlation between the emotional and behavioral screening system with the Rutter behavioral disorder questionnaire was used and the correlation coefficient was 0.60 which indicates that the criterion validity is of the same type. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
536 - La'al-e-Sohrabaki, a new report on Rostam's family emblem
ehteram rezaee sekineh gholampor dehakyIn his work on gemology known as "Mathnavi-e Javahir-ul-Asrar", Rashid Tabrizi has introduced types of jewels and named a worthless and yellow coloured jewel (garnet) referred to as "La'al-e-Sohrabaki". He has stated the reason of such naming which is related to Sohrab' MoreIn his work on gemology known as "Mathnavi-e Javahir-ul-Asrar", Rashid Tabrizi has introduced types of jewels and named a worthless and yellow coloured jewel (garnet) referred to as "La'al-e-Sohrabaki". He has stated the reason of such naming which is related to Sohrab's armlet. He hold that this jewel’s infelicity is the cause of Sohrab's death and the reason of its reputation.This librarian study has two parts. The first part tries to review reliable texts and, in this way investigates characteristics of beads and armlets, particularly those of Rostam's family. The second part is about features of garnet (La'al) and La'al-e-Sohrabaki and tries to state Rashid Tabrizi's opinion about this jewel. According to findings, it is likely that Sohrab's armlet has been adorned with a garnet. However, there is no mention of its colour and price. It seems that tragedy of son killing by the Iranian superhero, Rostam, is never removed from the Iranian minds and this is the reason for this jewel's infelicity in the opinion of Rashid Tabrizi or the people of 10th and 11th century. Thus, the accusation of infelicity attributed to Sohrab's bead of armlet is a popular justification for the exculpation of the hero. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
537 - The very last dialogues of lovers in Persian romantic verses
Neda HaddadiPersian romantic verses as texts composed over the centuries have common characteristics which upon their structural analysis one can analyze their inter-textual connections. Attempt is made in this article to describe the farewell scenes of lovers in MorePersian romantic verses as texts composed over the centuries have common characteristics which upon their structural analysis one can analyze their inter-textual connections. Attempt is made in this article to describe the farewell scenes of lovers in order to arrive at their common converse in these texts, since the main theme is love and this fundamental feature confers a mutual function to the lovers’ death. According to the inter textual theory, the texts with common theme in different historical periods are interconnected and their images, descriptions and their poetic thoughts are emanated from a common language even if at first they seem distinct. This common language provides the logic and the basis of the colloquy and living in such circumstances. In other words the language of love necessitates that farewell scenes have common language and ambiance although differences arise in accordance with the story and the relationship between the lover and the beloved. In one place, after the death of his beloved, the lover stands by her grave and weeps till his own death. And in other place, he opens his chest with a dagger. It is such that in studying the farewell scenes one arrives at the subject of synchronic death of the lovers. The focal point in these verses is the bitterness and the dilemma of separation which the lovers cannot tolerate and shortly after the other say farewell to life and end the dialogue of love. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
538 - The Examination of the scientific validity of hermeneutics in the third round of Kashf al-Asrar Maybodi
Ali Dehghan Tahereh Hossein zadehThe interpretation of Quranic verses in Kashf al-Asrar Maybodi is comprised of three parts which Maybodi speaks of them under the titles of first, second, and third round. Hence first round is concerned with the word for word translation of Quranic verses. S MoreThe interpretation of Quranic verses in Kashf al-Asrar Maybodi is comprised of three parts which Maybodi speaks of them under the titles of first, second, and third round. Hence first round is concerned with the word for word translation of Quranic verses. Second round deals with the interpretation in a general sense peculiar to Sunni tradition and third round is the interpretation of certain verses according to the taste of mystics ( in the form of rhyming prose). Most authorities and writers have called the latter, hermeneutic, whereas everywhere in his interpretation, Maybodi strictly opposes with hermeneutic (interpretation according to his own impression). This article is concerned with examining the scientific validity of hermeneutics in the third round of Kashf al-Asrar and attempt is made to present a viewpoint which is more scientific and systematic in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
539 - The role of allusive simile in the lyrical structure of Hamidi Shirazi ‘s poetry
Mostafa Mostafa Erfani Mehdi MahooziAmong the contemporary traditional poets in the domain of lyrical literature, in form and in structure, in meaning and content Mehdi Hamidi Shirazi has unique style. In all his works “ashk –e Ma’shough” in particular, every linguistic term, MoreAmong the contemporary traditional poets in the domain of lyrical literature, in form and in structure, in meaning and content Mehdi Hamidi Shirazi has unique style. In all his works “ashk –e Ma’shough” in particular, every linguistic term, literary device, meter, music of poetry, diction, figurative construction, imagery, form and structure is at the service of element of emotion. In this research attempt is made to study the construction method of his imageries which is the employment of variety of allusive similes such as mythological, epic, religious, romantic and historical ones. He uses such elements to reveal his emotional feelings in the most passionate construction and apart from figurative foregrounding, he has breathed a new life to these structures. The appropriate connection between these allegorical and allusive elements and the flow of love between him and his beloved is the characteristic feature of his poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
540 - Persian Verse Stylistics in the Sixth Century A. H. (third part)
Sayed ziaodin SadjadiThis article is the third and final part of a series of articles written by the late Professor Sadjadi, in introducing the stylistic characteristics of the Persian poetry in the 6th century A.H. This selection concentrates on two other prominent poets of this century na MoreThis article is the third and final part of a series of articles written by the late Professor Sadjadi, in introducing the stylistic characteristics of the Persian poetry in the 6th century A.H. This selection concentrates on two other prominent poets of this century namely, Khaghani Sharvani, and Zahir-al din Faryabi. Furthermore, he has introduced some generalities about the style of Persian Poetry in the 7th century. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
541 - Sama and Moulana
Ismaeil HakemiValaSama is a kind of trance like state of contemplative ecstasy befallen a mystic and it is identified with Moulana. Moulana Jalal al-Din Mohammad Balkhi has recognized music and understood its hidden reality. He was able to hear the sound rising from every par MoreSama is a kind of trance like state of contemplative ecstasy befallen a mystic and it is identified with Moulana. Moulana Jalal al-Din Mohammad Balkhi has recognized music and understood its hidden reality. He was able to hear the sound rising from every particle calling God and this realization perpetually moved him to practicesama. In this articledescription of samaboth in Abu Said-e Abi al-khayr’sand Moulana’s time are given and then their connections and differences, and also the quality of sama in Moulana’s time are studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
542 - On Arabic translation of Divan Hafez
S.M. HosseiniSince antiquity an old question has preoccupied the mind of many researches, literates, and curious individuals, that is whether it is possible to translate a poem into another language. It seems obvious that until the second half of the second century A.H, the scientis MoreSince antiquity an old question has preoccupied the mind of many researches, literates, and curious individuals, that is whether it is possible to translate a poem into another language. It seems obvious that until the second half of the second century A.H, the scientists have not uttered a wise word in this regard. One of the outstanding scientists, Amroben Bahrol Jahez, in the second and third century A.H. for the first time spoke thoroughly of translation and its problems. What escapes Jahez and other researchers is the fact that in translation of poetry, the meter of the Arabic poetry is lost. After Jahez, this problem has diverted from the outer into the inner structure of the poem, and translation became a new challenge for the scientists. Despite the fact that through translation aesthetic qualities and eloquence of the poem is lost, this should not prevent one from appreciating the art, knowledge, talents, and findings of other nationalities. For this reason the interest of the scientists towards the art of translation has augmented day by day. A good example in this regard is the translation of Hafez's lyrical poetry into Arabic by Ebrahim Amin Ashavarbi. Though not immaculate, altogether it is regarded as a prominent work, and he has well proved his competency in literary art. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
543 - Ferdowsi, his sources and his methodology utilized in the tale of Ardeshir Babakan
Hamed Safi Farzad Ghaemi Mahdokht Pour Khaleghi Chatroudi Samira BameshkiAbstract The enigma of sources and the methodology Ferdowsi employed to compose Shahnameh is one of the major challenges in Shahnameh scholarship. Based on the similarity of certain titles in the introduction remained by the Abu Mansouri Shahnameh, a group assume MoreAbstract The enigma of sources and the methodology Ferdowsi employed to compose Shahnameh is one of the major challenges in Shahnameh scholarship. Based on the similarity of certain titles in the introduction remained by the Abu Mansouri Shahnameh, a group assumed that this book was the sole source used by Ferdowsi. However some believed that Ferdowsi along side it had utilized other sources. The main reason for this group of researchers is that since the only common main source used by Ferdowsi and Tha'alibi is Abu Mansouri's shahnameh and that some parts of Shahnameh such as Bizhan and Manizheh, and The seven trials of Rostam which were not appeared in Tha'alibi's work, Ghorarosyr it can be concluded that those parts were certainly borrowed from another source. Nevertheless the fact that Tha'alibi's use of the Shahnameh of Abu Mansouri is provable according to his own claim, due to the destruction of the Shahnameh of Abu Mansouri, it is difficult to determine which stories in particular were borrowed from this Shahnameh by Tha'alibi. Analysis of four narratives of the tale of Ardeshir Babakan from four texts and their comparison with the version of the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi indicates that Ferdowsi while drawing upon a written source, had used many other sources intermittently to compile the tale of Ardeshir Babakan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
544 - Who is the author of Noruznameh?
Mohammad Bayat Mokhtari Mohammad Ghafouri FarAmong books and treaties ascribed to Khayyam, there is a treatise in the name of Noruznameh which has been ascribed to Khayyam since the antiquity. Mojtaba Minovi in 1312 published it in the name of Khayyam and in its introduction, he has recognized no one as wort MoreAmong books and treaties ascribed to Khayyam, there is a treatise in the name of Noruznameh which has been ascribed to Khayyam since the antiquity. Mojtaba Minovi in 1312 published it in the name of Khayyam and in its introduction, he has recognized no one as worthy of the title author but Khayyam. Shortly afterwards certain individuals such as Minoverski, the renowned orientalist due to certain reasons opposed to the idea, till Mohsen Farzaneh in the article he wrote in Ayandeh magazine claimed that the author of Noruznameh is not Khayyam but is a person in the name of Kaykhosrow shirazi. While studying Jamali’s Farrokhnameh, written by Abubakr Motahar Jamali yazdi in the year 580 Hj, Farzaneh realized certain similarities in phrases of the book with that of Noruznameh which the writer quoted on the behalf of Kaykhosrow Shirazi. Based on a few similarities between the two, Farzaneh believes that the writer of Noruznameh is Kaykhosrow Shirazi but he also writes that apart from Farokhnameh he has not come across this name and that he does not know who he really is. In this article Farzaneh’s assumption has been verified and strengthened based on other lines of evidence. Kaykhosrow’s real identity was also revealed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
545 - Semiotic Analysis of style in three illustrations of Shahnameh entitled “ Bahram kills a dragon”
Anahita Moghbeli Behnaz PayamaniAbstract Semiotics is concerned with the study of sign systems in social life. Semiotic theories are quite functional in the domain of analyzing artistic and pictorial works. In analysis of a visual text and style of works of art, semiotics MoreAbstract Semiotics is concerned with the study of sign systems in social life. Semiotic theories are quite functional in the domain of analyzing artistic and pictorial works. In analysis of a visual text and style of works of art, semiotics approach shades of meanings of a text. Artistic creation objectifies beauty and in Persian painter’s view the realm of beauty is synonymous with the ideal world. Space in Persian painting is a manifestation of the divine space and the artist in expressing it does not use a realistic language since his language is a language of sign and symbol. The purpose of this article is the comparative study of three paintings with the common title of “Bahram Gur kills a dragon” in three Shahnamehs, Sultan Abu Saeid (dated 730 HG), Shiraz School Shahnameh (dated 771 HG Kept at Top Kopi museum in Istanbul), and Mashhad-Qazvin School Shahnameh (dated 988 HG) respectively using semiotic and stylistic approach. First theideal world and its influence and reflection on the illustrations are discussed, then symbolic signs, figures and profiles in them are studied and in between, implicit meanings of dragon and theme of dragon killing are analyzed. Also Bahram’s character in myth and history are dealt with. The nature of this research is comparative, descriptive, and analytic. The outcome of the study shows that although the painter in portraying the original poetry is faithful, meanwhile he has not been a mere follower of the text but with choosing a selected part of the poem, he mingles it with imagination and artistic traditional values of his own era and in this way he presents his own creative portrayal of these themes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
546 - A research into the history of Persian Literature
Gholam hossein HeydariThe vast realm of the Persian Literature demands an eclectic research for its recognition. The means to achieve this end is the great enthusiasm to fly over this vast continent in order to catch a glimpse of different periods in the history of Persian Literature and str MoreThe vast realm of the Persian Literature demands an eclectic research for its recognition. The means to achieve this end is the great enthusiasm to fly over this vast continent in order to catch a glimpse of different periods in the history of Persian Literature and strive to remove shadows of ambiguities where possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
547 - Frequency Analysis of themes in the third Book of Masnavi
Mohammad Navid BazarganMasnavi is a grand oeuvre filled with a variety of meanings and multiplicity of ideas that drowns and bewilders the reader in the perpetual turbulence of its waves. For this reason and for the repeated hesitation and reflection of the reader in every turn of the c MoreMasnavi is a grand oeuvre filled with a variety of meanings and multiplicity of ideas that drowns and bewilders the reader in the perpetual turbulence of its waves. For this reason and for the repeated hesitation and reflection of the reader in every turn of the couplets of Masnavi, the main directions of thought and the general purpose of the book remains usually hidden and the reader is incapable of grasping the grand thoughts of this literary masterpiece. In this article attempt is made to first specify the themes in the third book of Masnavi, using the frequency analysis approach, and second to present schematically anecdotes employed by the poet in the form of interconnected lyrics to induce one common theme and finally to analyze the results drawn from them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
548 - The comparison of Khosrow and shirin composed by Ferdowsi and Nezami
Masoud PakdelThe story of Khosrow and Shirin is told in two different metrical romances. The composer of the one is an epic poet, a commander in battle fields, and the composer of the other is the cupbearer in feasts. Ferdowsi, however has shown remarkable skill in combi MoreThe story of Khosrow and Shirin is told in two different metrical romances. The composer of the one is an epic poet, a commander in battle fields, and the composer of the other is the cupbearer in feasts. Ferdowsi, however has shown remarkable skill in combining the love story with the epic story. Nezami is a storyteller and has experience in love and with utmost mastery he has portrayed this detailed romantic verse. The summary of both romantic stories is presented then their common features and points of differences are illustrated. Using Tarikh Tabari as an old reliable source, the historical accounts in the two versions are evaluated to show to what extent the composers were true to the actual historical events. Further difference may be sought in their narrative styles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
549 - Post Modernism in Iran’s contemporary fiction (The study of post modernist features in Hooshang Golshiri’s works)
Siavoush GolshiriAlthough the term postmodernism is repeatedly used by the writers and even critics in Iran however due to the unfamiliarity as to its true origins, principles and features of this literary genre, believing in such a movement in fiction in this country is always discerni MoreAlthough the term postmodernism is repeatedly used by the writers and even critics in Iran however due to the unfamiliarity as to its true origins, principles and features of this literary genre, believing in such a movement in fiction in this country is always discernible. As to descry certain features as a basis according to which one can determine whether a work is postmodern or not and whether those features were adopted merely as a universal model together with the question whether these texts to the same measure that they are deconstructive, do they remain fiddle to the endemic possibilities of Farsi language and its past, are among the main questions this research and analysis is aimed at answering. The following works of Hooshang Golshiri short stories such as ”the night of doubt’, “A man with a red tie”, “A picture for my empty frame”, “The first innocent”, and “the garden’s prisoners” and long stories and novels like “Prince Ehtejab”,“Christian and Kayd”, and “ the mirrors with doors” were selected for this purpose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
550 - Imāmzādih Hossein ibn Musā's Tomb: A Historical Study
mohammad bagheri حمیدرضا ثنائیImamzadeh Hossein ibn Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the second century AH and the first half of the third century AH. According to the reports of many sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was buried. T MoreImamzadeh Hossein ibn Musa, one of the sons of Imam Musa Kazem (AS), lived in the second half of the second century AH and the first half of the third century AH. According to the reports of many sources about his burial, the question arises as to where he was buried. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, first explains the reports of many sources about his burial and then analyzes and considers their authenticity. The available reports mention his burial in cities such as Shiraz, Behbahan, Jopar Kerman, Kufa, Dezful and Tabas. The result indicates that the tomb of Imamzadeh is most likely located in the city of Tabas. Manuscript profile
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