The impact of Persian transfer on Kurd learners’ idiom comprehension: parts of body in focus
Subject Areas :
Journal of Teaching English Language Studies
Samira Sayadi
1
,
Bahador Sadeghi
2
1 - Islamic Azad University, Taketan Branch
Department of English Language
2 -
Received: 2016-04-03
Accepted : 2016-05-04
Published : 2016-05-01
Keywords:
References:
Abbas.M.A(2012). A Semantic Study of Idioms in English and Kurdish. Kirkuk University Journal- Humanity Studies 7(3)
Abdulwehab, Kanebi Ŝerif .(2005) ferhengi idiom le zimani kurdida , slêmani: capxaney rũn.
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Languages (2000), 4th ed. Boston:Houghton Mifflin.
Anderson, R. (1983). Transfer to somewhere. In S. Gass & L. Selinker (Eds.), Language transfer in language learning (pp. 177-201). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Cenoz, J. (2001). The effect of linguistic distance, L2 status, and age on cross-linguistic influence in third language acquisition. In J. Cenoz, B. Hufeison, & U. Jessner (Eds.), Crosslinguistic influence in third language acquisition (pp. 8-20). Tonawanda, NY: Multilingual Matters.
Cenoz, J. (2003), The additive effect of bilingualism on third language acquisition:A review. The International Journal of Bilingualism, 7, 71-88.
Cenoz, J. (2003). The role of typology in the organization of the multilingual lexicon. In J. Cenoz, B. Hufeisen & U. Jessner (Eds.) The Multilingual Lexicon. (pp. 103-116) Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Cenoz, J. & Jessner, U. (2000) English in Europe. The Acquisition of a Third Language. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Cenoz, J., Hufeisen, B., Jessner, U. (2001) Cross-linguistic influence in third language acquisition. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
Cenoz, J., Hufeisen, B. & Jessner, U. (2001a). Cross-linguistic Influence in Third Language Acquisition. Psycholinguistic Perspectives. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Cenoz, J. & Valencia, J. (1994). Additive trilingualism: Evidence from the Basque Country. Applied Psycholinguistics, 15, 195-207.
Clahsen, H. & Muysken, P. (1989). The UG paradox in L2 acquisition. Second Language Research, 5, 1-29.
Cook, V. (1992). Evidence for multi-competence. Language Learning 42(4), 557-591.
Cook, V. (1995). Multi-competence and the learning of many languages. In M. Bensoussan, I. Kreindler, & E. Aogáin (Eds.), Multilingualism and language learning: 8, 2. Language, Culture and Curriculum (pp. 93-98). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Croft, W., ‘The Role of Domains in the Interpretation of Metaphors and Metonymies’, Cognitive Linguistics, 4(4) (1993), 335-370.
Cummins, J. (1976). The influence of bilingualism on cognitive growth: A synthesis of research findings and explanatory hypothesis. Working Papers on Bilingualism, 9, 1-43.
Cummins, J.(1979), Linguistic Interdependence and educational development of the bilingual children. Review of Educational Research, 49, 222-251.
Cummins, J.(1991),Conversational and Academic Language Proficiency in Bilingual Contexts. Association Internationale De Linguistique Appliquee, 8, 75-89.
De Angelis, G. (2005). Multilingualism and non-native language transfer: an identification problem. International Journal of Multilingualism, 2, 1–25.
De Angelis, G., & Selinker, L. (2001). Interlanguage transfer and competing linguistic systems in the multilingual mind. In J. Cenoz, B. Hufeisen, & U. Jessner (Eds.), Cross-linguistic influence in third language acquisition: Psycholinguistic perspectives (pp. 42-58). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
De Bot, K. (1992). A bilingual production model: Levelt’s ‘speaking’ model adapted. Applied Linguistics, 13 (1), 1-24.
Dewaele, J.-M. (1998). Lexical inventions: French interlanguage as L2 versus L3. Applied Linguistics, 19, 471–490.
Dewaele, J.-M. (2001). Activation or inhibition? The interaction of L1, L2 and L3 on the language mode continuum. In J. Cenoz, B. Hufeisen & U. Jessner (Eds.) Crosslinguistic Influence in Third Language Interaction. Psycholinguistic Perspectives. (pp. 69–89) Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Ecke, P. (2001). Lexical retrieval in a third language: Evidence from errors and tip- of –the tongue states. In J.Cenoz, B. Hfeisen, U.Jessner(Eds.) Cross-linguistic influence in third nlanguage acquisition: Psycholinguistic perspectives, pp.90-114. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Epstein, S., Flynn, S. & Marthohardjono, G. (1996). Second language acquisition: theoretical and experimental issues in contemporary research. Brain and Behavioural Sciences, 19, 677-714.
Epstein, S., Flynn, S. & Marthohardjono, G. (1998). The strong continuity hypothesis in adult L2 acquisition of functional categories. In S. Flynn, G. Marthohardjono & W. O’Neil (Eds.) The Generative Study of Second Language Acquisition. (pp. 61-77) Hilsdale Nj: Erlbaum
Errasti, M. P. S. (2003), Acquiring writing skills in a third language: The positive effects of bilingualism. International Journal of Bilingualism, 7, 27-42.
Faerch, C., & Kasper, G. (1986). Cognitive dimensions of language transfer. In M. Sharwood Smith & E. Kellerman (Eds.), Crosslinguistic influence in second language acquisition (pp. 49-65). Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press.
Falk, Y. and Bardel, C. 2010. The study of the role of the background languages in third language acquisition. The state of the art. In: IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 48 (2–3), 185–219.
Flege, J. E. (1987a). "A critical period for learning to pronounce foreign languages. Applied Linguistics.8, 162-177.
Fuller, J. (1999). Between three languages: Composite structure in interlanguage. Applied Linguistics, 20 (4), 534-561.
Gass, S. (1984). A review of interlanguage syntax: Language transfer and language universals. Language Learning, 34 (2), 115-131.
Gibbs, R. W. (1995) ‘Idiomaticity and Human Cognition’, in M. Everaert and E. J. van der Linden (eds), Idioms: Structural and Psychological Perspectives. Hillsdale, NJ: Laurence Erlbaum Associates.
Goossens, L., ‘Metaphtonymy: the Interaction of Metaphor and Metonymy in Expressions for Linguistic Action’, Cognitive Linguistics, 1(3), (1990), 323-340.
Grosjean, F. (1995). A psycholinguistic approach to code-switching: The recognition of guest words by bilinguals. In L. Milroy and P. Muysken (Eds.), One speaker, two languages: Cross-disciplinary perspectives on code switching (pp. 259-275). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Grosjean, F. (2001). The bilingual’s language modes. In J. Nicol (Ed.), One mind, two languages: Bilingual language processing (pp. 1-22). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Halliday, M. A. K. (1985). An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold.
Hammarberg, B. (2001). Roles of L1, L2 in L3 Production and Acquisition. Multilingual Matters, 2, 21-42.
Hammarberg, B. (2010). The languages of the multilingual: Some conceptual and terminological issues. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 48, 91-104.
Hammarberg, B. & Hammarberg, B. (2009). Re-setting the basis of articulation in the acquisition of new languages: A third language case study. In B. Hammarberg (Ed.)Processes in Third Language Acquisition. (pp. 74–84). Edinburgh: Edinburgh university. press. Originally 2005 in B. Hufeisen & R.J. Fouser (Eds.) Introductory Readings in L3. (pp. 11–18) Tubingen: Stauffenburg.
Hammarberg, B. & Williams, S. (2009). A study of third language acquisition. In B. Hammarberg (Ed.) Processes in Third Language Acquisition. (pp. 17–27). Edinburgh: Edinburgh university press. Originally 1993 in Problem, process, product in language learning, Papers from the Stockholm-Abo Conference, 21-22 Oct 1992, B. Hammarberg (Ed.), 60–70. Stockholm University: Department of Linguistics.
Herdina, P., & Jessner, U. (2002), A dynamic model of multilingualism: Changing the psycholinguistic perspectives. Clevedon, Multilingual Matters.
Hudelson, S. (1987). The role of native language literacy in the education of language minority children. Language Arts, 64, 826-41.
Hufeisen, B. (1998): L3: Stand der Forschung: was bleibt zu tun? [L3: Status of current research: what remains to be done?] In Hufeisen, B. and Lindemann, B., editors, Tertiärsprachen: Theorien, Modelle, Methoden. Tubingen: Stauffenburg Verlag, 169–84.
Hufeisen, B., & Marx, N. (2007), How can Da Fn E and Euro Com Germ contribute to the concept of receptive multilingualism? Theoretical and practical considerations. In J.Trhije & L. Zeevaert (Eds.), Receptive multilingualism: Linguistic analysis, language policies and didactic concepts (pp. 307-321). Amsterdam: John Benjamin’s.
İlkay Ç-Y. (2004). Idiom processing in L2: Through Rose-Colored glasses. The Reading Matrix, 4(2)
Irujo, S. (1986). ‘A piece of cake: Learning and teaching idioms.’ ELT Journal 40/3: 236-242.
Jarvis, S. (1998). Conceptual transfer in the interlingual lexicon. Bloomington, Indiana University Linguistic Club.
Jarvis, S. (2000). Methodological rigor in the study of transfer: Identifying L1 influence in the interlanguage lexicon. Language Learning, 50, 245-309.
Jarvis, S., & Odlin, T. (2000). Morphological type, spatial reference and language transfer. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 22, 535-556.
Jarvis, S. & Pavlevko, A. (2008). Crosslinguistic Influence in Language and Cognition. New York: Routledge
Jessner, U. (1999). Metalinguistic awareness in multilinguals: Cognitive aspects of third language learning. Language Awareness, 8(3&4), 201-209.
Kellerman, E. (1983). Now you see it, now you don’t. In S. Gass & L. Selinker (Eds.), Language transfer in language learning (pp. 112-134). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Kellerman, E. (1986). An eye for an eye: Crosslinguistic constraints on the development of the L2 lexicon. In M. Sharwood Smith & E. Kellerman (Eds.), Crosslinguistic influence in second language acquisition (pp. 35-48). Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press.
Kellerman, E. (1995). Crosslinguistic influence: Transfer to nowhere? Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 15, 125-150.
Kövecses, Z. (2002). Metaphor. A Practical Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Kövecses, Z. and Szabó, P. (1996). ‘Idioms: A view from cognitive semantics.’ Applied Linguistics 17/3: 326-355
Krashen, S. (1993). The power of reading. Insights from the research. Englewood, Colorado: Libraries Unlimited, Inc.
Lado, R. (1957). Linguistics across cultures. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, Fire and Dangerous Things. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we Live By. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
Larsen-Freeman, D. (1976). An explanation for the morpheme acquisition order of second language learners. Language Learning, 26, 125-134.
Letica, S. & Mardešić, S. (2007). Cross-linguistic transfer in L2 and L3 production. In J. Horváth & M. Nikolov (Eds.), UPRT 2007: Empirical studies in English applied linguistics (pp. 307-318). Pécs: Lingua Franca Csoport.
Liu, D. (2008). Idioms: Description, comprehension, acquisition, and pedagogy. New York/London: Routledge. Stight, T. G. (1979). Educational uses of metaphor. In A. Ortony (Ed.), Metaphor and thought (2nd ed., pp.474-485). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mägiste, E. (1986). Selected issues in second and third language learning. In J. Vaid (Ed.), Language processing in bilinguals: Psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic perspectives (pp. 97-122). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, And Multicultural Development, 5 (5), 415-421.
Mahmoud,A. (2002). Interlingual Transfer of Idioms by Arab Learners of English. The Internet TESL Journal, 8(12).
Modirkhamene, S. (2010), EFL Learners' Additional Language Proficiency and Academic Achievement: Possible Effects of Bilinguality: Findings from Iran. Germany:LAP
Muhemed, Me’ruf .(1975) disan idiom , Baghdad : Guvari kuri zanyari Ĕraq.
Muhemed, Nasrin (1976)hendê zarawey idiomi kurdi,Baghdad:dar-el-cahiz.
Odlin, T. (1989). Language transfer: Cross-linguistic influence in language learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pavlenko, A., & Jarvis, S. (2001). Conceptual transfer: New perspectives on the study of crosslinguistic influence. In E. Németh (Ed.), Cognition in language use: Selected papers from the 7th International Pragmatics Conference, 1, 288-301. Antwerp, NL: International Pragmatics Association
Poulisse, N. (1990). The use of compensatory strategies by Dutch learners of English. Dordrecht, NL: Foris.
Poulisse, N., & Bongaerts, T. (1994). First language use in second language production. Applied Linguistics, 15 (1), 36-57.
Ringbom, H. (1986). Crosslinguistic influence and the foreign language learning process. In M. Sharwood Smith & E. Kellerman (Eds.), Crosslinguistic influence in second language acquisition (pp. 150-162). Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press
Ringbom, H. (2001) Lexical transfer in L3 production. In: J.Cenoz, B. Hufeisen and U. Jessner (eds.) Cross-linguistic Influence in Third Language Acquisition: Psycholinguistic Perspectives, Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. 59-68.
Safont, M. P. 2005. Third Language Learners. Second Language Acquisition. David Singleton eds. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Saville-Troike, R. C. (1984), Scalp: Social and cultural aspects of language proficiency.In. Rivera (Ed.), Language Proficiency Cross-Linguistic Transfer or Target Language and Academic Achievement (pp.44-54). Clevedon, Multilingual Matters.
Schwartz, B. (1998). The second language instinct. Lingua, 106, 133-160.
Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 10 (3), 209- 231.
Selinker, L., & Lakshmanan, U. (1993). Language transfer and fossilization: The “Multiple Effects Principle.” In S. Gass & L. Selinker (Eds.), Language transfer in language learning (Rev. ed., pp. 197-216). Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.
Selinker, L., & Baumgartner-Cohen, B. (1995). Multiple language acquisition: ‘Damn it, why can’t I keep these two languages apart?’. In M. Bensoussan, I. Kreindler, & E. Aogáin (Eds.), Multilingualism and language learning: Language, culture and curriculum (pp. 115-123). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Shanon, B. (1991). Faulty language selection in polyglots. Language and Cognitive Processes, 6 (4), 339-350.
Sharifi,sh(2012). Head and Face Parts Naming in Kurdish: Lexical Diversity and Productivity. International Journal of Linguistics, 4(3).
Swain, M., Lapkin, S., Rowen, N. and Hart, D. (1990). The Role of Mother Tongue Literacy in Third Language Learning. Language, Culture, and Curriculum, 3(1), 65-81.
Weinreich, U. (1953). Languages in contact. The Hague, NL: Mouton
Williams, S. and Hammarberg.B. (1998). Language switches in L3 production: Implications for a polyglot speaking model. Applied Linguistics, 19, 295-333.
Xazi , Fatih Weys.(1982) form w naweruki idiom, guvario otunumi:Hewlêr