• List of Articles پول

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Evaluating the ability of Rodococcus erythropolis bacterial cells to remove lead from aquatic environments with a comparative approach between biosorption and bioaccumulation
        Hanieh Heydaryan Soroor Sadeghi Sara Sharifi
        The comparative removal of lead (II) from water environments was investigated using Rhodococcus erythropolis in two modes of biosorption and bioaccumulation. The morphology of the biosorbent and its surface functional groups was investigated by SEM and FT-IR, respective More
        The comparative removal of lead (II) from water environments was investigated using Rhodococcus erythropolis in two modes of biosorption and bioaccumulation. The morphology of the biosorbent and its surface functional groups was investigated by SEM and FT-IR, respectively. Experiments were performed in discontinuous systems as a function of contact time, lead ion concentration, and biomass dose. Bioaccumulation by living bacterial cells and biosorption by inactive and non-living cells, were done. Biosorption was rapid, and equilibrium was reached in 15 min, while equilibrium in bioaccumulation was reached in 60 min. Initial metal concentration and amount of biomass significantly affected biosorption performance and contact time on bioaccumulation. The maximum biosorption efficiency using 0.1 g of inactive biomass after 15 minutes of contact time was 97.55%. Since metal recovery from inactive cell biomass is easier and can be performed with a higher absorption rate with a lower amount of biosorbent, the use of non-living biomass as a biological adsorbent is more efficient and significant. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Frequency analysis of floods with joint functions, case study: Zayandehrood Dam
        Fatemeh Valaei Esfahani Zahra  Valaei Esfahani Mehran Iranpour
        Analyzing the frequency of floods and knowing the probability of occurrence and return period of this phenomenon is important in how to exploit the reservoir. This phenomenon is inherently multivariate and the use of classical multivariate functions to analyze this phen More
        Analyzing the frequency of floods and knowing the probability of occurrence and return period of this phenomenon is important in how to exploit the reservoir. This phenomenon is inherently multivariate and the use of classical multivariate functions to analyze this phenomenon is limited. Therefore, it is recommended to use copula functions for multivariate flood frequency analysis. These functions combine the distribution function of the univariate distribution function by considering the type of correlation of the variables. For frequency of this phenomenon, the variables of peak discharge, volume and duration of flood are used. This study was conducted on statistical data of Zayandehrood dam. Based on goodness of fit criteria, the best function is fitted to the each of the variables. The correlation of each pair of variables is calculated and the copula function is selected based on the Akaike, NSE, and RMSE criteria. After that, the obtained univariate and combined return periods have been displayed. These results can be used to estimate the risk. Manuscript profile
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        3 - The effective determinants of exchange rates in Iran
        M. Sharif Azadeh Ali Haghighat
        The purpose of this paper is the investigation of the (nominal and real) exchange rates determinantsin Iranian economy. After investigate and determine the effective factors of the exchange rates , byusing of time series data –1340 to 1379 - , the proposed models More
        The purpose of this paper is the investigation of the (nominal and real) exchange rates determinantsin Iranian economy. After investigate and determine the effective factors of the exchange rates , byusing of time series data –1340 to 1379 - , the proposed models are estimated by traditionaleconometrics methods and the new approaches in econometrics –AEG,DW and Johansencointegration techniques. For this aims , we study and analysis the following subjects:1) The effect of money growth rate, interest rates and GDP on the exchange rate in Iran – test ofmonetarists theory in Iranian economy.2) The effect of other variables – such as : government expenditures , budget deficit, price of oil,investment, inflation, openness , productivity, terms of trade, the price of gold and the populationgrowth rate- on the exchange rates in Iranian economy.3)The test of PPP theory in Iranian economy.Finally, we offer the conclusions, and some implications will recommended. Manuscript profile
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        4 - The Causes of Impulse Buying: Evaluation of a Model in Iran
        K. Heidarzadeh F. Taherikia
        One of most discussion in marketing & consumer behavior, is an important subject, is choice &selection of product & buying behavior. Behavioral scientists make an effort to create in behaviormodels. In this research, it is inspected that variables like time More
        One of most discussion in marketing & consumer behavior, is an important subject, is choice &selection of product & buying behavior. Behavioral scientists make an effort to create in behaviormodels. In this research, it is inspected that variables like time available, money available, shoppingenjoyment, & impulse buying tendency as latent variables (independent). The influence positiveaffect, negative affect, in- store browsing. These variables influence to urge to buy impulsivity & atlast this variable influence to impulse buying. It is designed a questionnaire with 58 qustions &compute reliability in 2 stage. Because it needs to change some sentences. It is asked from 496customers in 20 shopping mall in Tehran, & used spss 16 & lisrel 8.3 to analysis data.In first phase of analysis, it is used to conformity factor analysis in respect to confirm the relationsbetween variables, then it is used with common factor analysis to reduce questions, & next phase, & itis used to exploratory factor analysis to explorer of new relations between variables.If it is compared that between result from Beatty & Ferrell (1998) & result from this research, it isnotice that although this model is respectable, but some relation is not similar to previous researchesarticles. One of these relation that is significant, is between impulse buying tendency & impulsebuying. On the other h&, one of them is significant, but effect is reverse. It is established questioneree& a model that suitable for impulse buying in Tehran- Iran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Critical Discourse Analysis "Man of Steel"(film) Relying on the metaphysical debates on Transmodernism paradigm
        Mahdi Yaghobi aliakbar Farhangi Seyyed Jamaluddin Tabibi Tabibi
        In the twenty-first century, cinema, as the seventh art, continues to play an important role in transmitting the message. The combination of scientific and art paradigms has contributed to their participation in the process of content creation and the transfer of concep More
        In the twenty-first century, cinema, as the seventh art, continues to play an important role in transmitting the message. The combination of scientific and art paradigms has contributed to their participation in the process of content creation and the transfer of concepts that have a multi-faceted relationship with both fields. In the meantime, cinematic linkage with dominant paradigms at any time as a source of productive content with special capabilities in the production and presentation of concepts has become popular and has attracted many audiences. In this research, the author seeks to represent the metaphysical signs of the new Trans-modernism paradigm in Zack Snyder's "Man of the Paladin". In this regard, the search for metaphysical elements and the discovery of hidden semantic and ideological layers in the film, based on the theory of critical discourse analysis of Freclough, has been carried out with the approach of PADM. The methodology used to collect the metaphysical concepts of the modern trans-modern paradigm is descriptive-analytic. By analyzing the discourse of the film, the author concluded that the metaphysical discourse featured in Steel Man film represents the discourse of the new modern Trance paradigm. Of course, discursive practices such as mythology, savior, future represent a part of the ruling discourse that can not be regarded as ruling discourse. The findings of the research reveal the most important factors affecting the emergence of a new field in the third millennium for human beings with the Trans-modernism Paradigm approach and its impact on Hollywood cinema Manuscript profile
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        6 - Topological structure on generalized approximation space related to n-arry relation
        Syyed Ba Ba Hosseini
        Classical structure of rough set theory was first formulated by Z. Pawlak in [6]. The foundation of its object classification is an equivalence binary relation and equivalence classes. The upper and lower approximation operations are two core notions in rough set theory More
        Classical structure of rough set theory was first formulated by Z. Pawlak in [6]. The foundation of its object classification is an equivalence binary relation and equivalence classes. The upper and lower approximation operations are two core notions in rough set theory. They can also be seenas a closure operator and an interior operator of the topology induced by an equivalence relation on a universe. There are many studies on the relations between generalized rough set approximation and rough topological space. In this paper, We are defined some properties of an n-ary relation such as reflexive, symmetry, strongly symmetry, quasi-transitive, n- transitive and n-equivalence on a set . We introduce topological method to generalized rough set and study the relationship between topological theory and rough set theory. By using an n-ary tolerance relation and quasi-transitive relation, we define a topology on nonempty set . In the end, we prove some topological properties such as quasi-discreteness, connectivity, compactness, quasi-metric able, separateness. Manuscript profile
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        7 - Arens regularity of triangular Banach algebras related to homomorphisms
        sara behnamian amin mahmoodi mohamad reza mardanbeigi
        In this paper we first introduce a new multiplication on triangular Banach algebras. Then we study their Arens regularity as well as their topological centers . In this paper we first introduce a new multiplication on triangular Banach algebras. Then we study their Aren More
        In this paper we first introduce a new multiplication on triangular Banach algebras. Then we study their Arens regularity as well as their topological centers . In this paper we first introduce a new multiplication on triangular Banach algebras. Then we study their Arens regularity as well as their topological centers . In this paper we first introduce a new multiplication on triangular Banach algebras. Then we study their Arens regularity as well as their topological centers .In this paper we first introduce a new multiplication on triangular Banach algebras. Then we study their Arens regularity as well as their topological centers .In this paper we first introduce a new multiplication on triangular Banach algebras. Then we study their Arens regularity as well as their topological centers .In this paper we first introduce a new multiplication on triangular Banach algebras. Then we study their Arens regularity as well as their topological centers . Manuscript profile
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        8 - dominating subset and representation graph on topological spaces
        Hasan Barzegar
        Let a topological space. An intersection graph on a topological space , which denoted by ‎ , is an undirected graph which whose vertices are open subsets of and two vertices are adjacent if the intersection of them are nonempty. In this paper, the relation between t More
        Let a topological space. An intersection graph on a topological space , which denoted by ‎ , is an undirected graph which whose vertices are open subsets of and two vertices are adjacent if the intersection of them are nonempty. In this paper, the relation between topological properties of and graph properties of ‎ are investigated. Also some classifications and representations for the graph ‎ are introduced and at last some results about dominating sets on ‎ are explained. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Chaotic property for non-autonomous iterated function system
        Alireza Zamani Bahabadi mona effati Bahman Honary
        In this paper, the new concept of non-autonomous iterated function system is introduced and also shown that non-autonomous iterated function system IFS(f_(1,∞)^0,f_(1,∞)^1) is topologically transitive for the metric space of X whenever the system has average More
        In this paper, the new concept of non-autonomous iterated function system is introduced and also shown that non-autonomous iterated function system IFS(f_(1,∞)^0,f_(1,∞)^1) is topologically transitive for the metric space of X whenever the system has average shadowing property and its minimal points on X are dense. Moreover, such a system is topologically transitive, whenever, there is a point like z∈U for each open and invariant set U from X so that N(z,U) has a positive upper density. It is also shown that topological transitivity is result of properties of shadowing and chain transitivity. The relation between average shadowing property , topological transitivity and chaotic non-autonomous iterated function system is studied .Moreover, it is also demonstrated that the first two conditions for the definition of chaos results the third condition. The topological mixing of such a system is obtained from shadowing property and chain mixing. Finally, we evaluated that the dynamical system (X, f) has Li-York e chaos under special conditions Manuscript profile
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        10 - Multicast Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Distributed Reinforcement Learning Approach
        M. S. Kordafshari A. Movaghar M.R. meybodi
        Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are consist of independent distributed sensors with storing, processing, sensing and communication capabilities to monitor physical or environmental conditions. There are number of challenges in WSNs because of limitation of battery power More
        Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are consist of independent distributed sensors with storing, processing, sensing and communication capabilities to monitor physical or environmental conditions. There are number of challenges in WSNs because of limitation of battery power, communications, computation and storage space. In the recent years, computational intelligence approaches such as evolutionary algorithms and swarm intelligence are applied successfully to solve many problems in WSNs. Most important of these problems are data aggregation, energy-aware routing, duty cycle scheduling, security and localization. These problem are in form of distributed so distributed approaches are required to solve them. Reinforcement learning is one of the most widely used and most effective methods of computational intelligence. In this paper, we used the reinforcement learning to solve multicast Quality of Service (QoS) routing. The simulation results showed that reinforcement learning is a suitable approach to solve this problem. The algorithm is implemented easy, it has the great flexibility in topology changes and it leads to optimized results. Distributed reinforcement learning provides compatibility mechanisms that show the intelligence behavior in complicate and dynamic environment such as WSNs. Using reinforcement learning, sensors behave autonomously, independently and flexibly during topology and scenario changes. Manuscript profile
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        11 - Extension of Some Common Fixed Point Theorems to Mean Non-expansive Mappings
        Shahram Saeidi Jafar Bakhande
        In 1969, DeMarr proved that a commuting family of non-expansive mappings on a nonempty convex compact subset of a Banach space has a fixed point. Takahashi extended DeMarr’s theorem to the case of discrete amenable semi-groups. In recent years, considerable resear More
        In 1969, DeMarr proved that a commuting family of non-expansive mappings on a nonempty convex compact subset of a Banach space has a fixed point. Takahashi extended DeMarr’s theorem to the case of discrete amenable semi-groups. In recent years, considerable research has been devoted to the theory of fixed points as well as common fixed points. In the case of semi-topological semi-groups (that is, a semi-group with a Hausdorff topology such that the multiplication is separately continuous), Lau and Zhang studied DeMarr’s theorem under more general conditions for example in the case of the amenability of the space of almost periodic functions as well as the space of weakly almost periodic functions. In this paper, we study several fixed point properties of the mean non-expansive semi-topological semi-groups acting on nonempty convex weakly compact subsets of a locally convex space as well as give extensions of the results of Lau and Zhang. Manuscript profile
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        12 - Presenting a methodology based on the self-organizing maps and multi-layer neural networks for suspected money laundering events at bank branches
        Hamid Mahdavi Khokhsarai Mohammadreza Shahriari Fereydon Rahnema Rudpashti Syed Abdullah Sajjadi Jaghargh
        10.30495/jnrm.2021.19020
        Given the importance of banking systems and the misuse of this platform for money laundering purposes, the urgent need for the implementation of anti-money laundering systems by governments and policy makers in economic affairs is important. Also, due to the growth of t More
        Given the importance of banking systems and the misuse of this platform for money laundering purposes, the urgent need for the implementation of anti-money laundering systems by governments and policy makers in economic affairs is important. Also, due to the growth of terrorism and organized fraud, and the passage of numerous laws against these cases, the need for these systems is increasing. On the other hand, the complexity of money laundering suspicious behaviors is such that no significant action can be taken to detect money laundering without intelligent and data-driven tools. An important and perhaps practical point in Iran is the proximity of these systems to anti-bribery, fraud, violation and inspection systems, which can be considered as an efficient tool for the bank's inspection unit. This paper presents an approach based on data analysis and processing. In this approach, using self-organizing maps, bank branches are clustered based on similar behaviors, then the process of labeling branches is performed using a linear index. In the next step, using the training of a multi-layer neural network, a model for identifying bank branches in which suspicious money laundering processes take place is introduced. Manuscript profile
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        13 - Self similar solutions of the Yamabe flow and gradient Einstein-type manifolds in the Finsler geometry
        Mohamad Yar Ahmadi Neda Izadian Sina Hedayatian
        10.30495/jnrm.2022.67423.2271
        In the present work, the concepts of Finslerian Yamabe flow equation and Yamabe solitons are investigated. First of all, by using the local one-parameter group of diffeomorphism relevant to Yamabe soliton’s vector fields, we find a group of Finslerian metrics as s More
        In the present work, the concepts of Finslerian Yamabe flow equation and Yamabe solitons are investigated. First of all, by using the local one-parameter group of diffeomorphism relevant to Yamabe soliton’s vector fields, we find a group of Finslerian metrics as solutions to the Finslerian Yamabe flow. In the other words, a Finslerian Yamabe soliton is a solution of the Finslerian Yamabe flow. These solutions are self-similar solutions of Finslerian Yamabe flow equation and have interesting geometric and physical properties. Furthermore, the notion of extended gradient Einstein-type manifolds is studied on Finsler spaces. Moreover, we show that by considering either the Ricci tensor is bounded from below and injectivity radius is bounded away from zero or the Ricci tensor is bounded from above, then the complete extended gradient Einstein-type Finslerian manifold is of finite topological type structure. Indeed, this manifold is homeomorghic to the interior of a compact manifold with boundary. Manuscript profile
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        14 - Finding extremal total irregularity of polyomino chain by transformation method
        Zahra Yarahmadi
        Let be a simple and undirected graph, consists of a set of vertices and a set of edges If the vertices and are connected by an edge then we write . For any vertices , the degree of a vertex in , denoted by , is the number of edges of incident with . A topological index More
        Let be a simple and undirected graph, consists of a set of vertices and a set of edges If the vertices and are connected by an edge then we write . For any vertices , the degree of a vertex in , denoted by , is the number of edges of incident with . A topological index is a numerical quantity related to a graph which is invariant under graph automorphisms, Let be a topological index of a graph , for every graph isomorphic to , we have . The first of topological indices, which based on degree of vertices of graphs are first and second Zagreb indices. In this paper we study on another kind of this graph invariants called total irregularity. The total irregularity of G is a graph invariant and defined as the follows, . In this paper, we introduce two kind of transformations on polyomino chains and by using these transformations obtain upper and lower bounds of the total irregularity of polyomino chains. Moreover, we prove that the linear chain and zigzag chain are extremal polyomino chains with respect to total irregularity. Manuscript profile
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        15 - (Para) topological pseudo mV-algebras
        Nader Kouhestani frazaneh rajabi stodeh beheshteh miri
        10.30495/jnrm.2022.60725.2114
        In the paper, we introduce the notins of PMV-norm on pseudo MV-algebras and study some it’s algebraic properties. We also show that there is a contrvariant functor of pseudo MV-algebras to category of semigroups. We define (para) topological pseudo MV-algebras and More
        In the paper, we introduce the notins of PMV-norm on pseudo MV-algebras and study some it’s algebraic properties. We also show that there is a contrvariant functor of pseudo MV-algebras to category of semigroups. We define (para) topological pseudo MV-algebras and find the connection between them and PMV-pseduo norms. Finally, we define filter topology on this algebraic structure and show that it is a paratopological pseudo MV-algebra. Manuscript profile
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        16 - Metrizability of topological polygroups
        Mehrdad Kahrazeh Javad Jamalzadeh
        10.30495/jnrm.2023.52756.1894
        One of the most important parts of topological structures is metrizability, which creates the conditions for a metric such as d to be found so that the topology obtained from this metric is the same as the original topology. Topological algebraic structures that are clo More
        One of the most important parts of topological structures is metrizability, which creates the conditions for a metric such as d to be found so that the topology obtained from this metric is the same as the original topology. Topological algebraic structures that are closely related to ℝ and its resulting spaces. For example, in topological groups, as a topological algebraic structure, there are very close properties with metric and soft spaces, such as being completely regular, being Hausdorff,…. .In terms of metrizability, there is an astonishing case called the Birkhoff - Kakutani case, which states that a topological group is metricable if and only if it is the first-countable. In this manuscript, we make topological polygroup metrizable. We do this by definition of the prenorm on topological polygoups, and finally we prove the fundamental theorem of metrizability on topological polygroups Like topological groups, it is the first-countable of topological polygroup. Manuscript profile
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        17 - Some of the Topological Gaps of a Generalized Metric Space
        Yousef Sohooly Khadijeh Jahedi
        ‎In this paper‎, ‎we introduce the neighborhood of each element x ‎of the Jleli_Samet's generalized metric space (X,d) ‎and ‎we ‎study ‎some ‎properties ‎of ‎the collection T_d of all unions of such neighborhoods which is call More
        ‎In this paper‎, ‎we introduce the neighborhood of each element x ‎of the Jleli_Samet's generalized metric space (X,d) ‎and ‎we ‎study ‎some ‎properties ‎of ‎the collection T_d of all unions of such neighborhoods which is called generalized topology in the sence of Csaszar. We show that some of the elementary properties on the metric spaces dose not happen on the generalized metric space in the sense of Jleli_Samet. Moreover the generalized topology T_d need not to be compatible. Also we give a sufficient condition to show that any point of the generalized metric space in the sense of Jleli_‎Samet‎, ‎has zero self-distance‎. ‎We introduce the statistical generalized metric space by replacing the concept of convergence with statistical convergence on the definition of generalized metric space in the sense of Jleli_ Samet and we show that two generalized metric spaces are equivalent.||| ||| ||| ||| ||| ||| ||| ‎ Manuscript profile
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        18 - Presenting a Multi-Objective Mathematical Model for Time-Cost trade off Problem Considering Time Value of Money and Solve it by MOPSO Algorithm
        M.A Shafiiee M.R Shahriyary فرهاد hosseinzadeh lotfi reza radfar
        The time - cost tradeoff problem is one of the most critical issues in the project scheduling field and so far, a lot of research has been done with a variety of quantitative and qualitative approaches on this subject. In this research, we intend to provide a two - obje More
        The time - cost tradeoff problem is one of the most critical issues in the project scheduling field and so far, a lot of research has been done with a variety of quantitative and qualitative approaches on this subject. In this research, we intend to provide a two - objective mathematical model which balances crash and delay for activities. So that it provides the right tools for decision makers to decide on the scheduling of activities, with considering available facilities and time available, to complete the project. In the proposed mathematical model, it is attempting to use the assumptions such as the nonlinear cost function as well as the time value of money so that the problem conditions will be as close as possible to the real environment. At the end, we solve the mathematical model presented in this paper using the Multi Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm and the impact of the crash and delay for activities in the final non-dominated solutions is investigated. Manuscript profile
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        19 - Malmquist Productivity Index Based on Time Effect
        M. Vaez-Ghasemi
        In recent years, measuring and analyzing productivity changes is the main focus of variousresearches who study performance of organizations. All through widespread application ofMalmquist Productivity Index, different types of data should be considered thoroughly,otherw More
        In recent years, measuring and analyzing productivity changes is the main focus of variousresearches who study performance of organizations. All through widespread application ofMalmquist Productivity Index, different types of data should be considered thoroughly,otherwise any defective study of the related data and deciding factors may yield poor results.Practical Malmquist Productivity Index (PMPI) models, presented in this research, arefundamentally capable of measuring the productivity of units in a competitive atmosphere,along with the hidden economic indexes such as time value of money, amortization andpromoted skills of employees. Also these models would provide the productivity comparisonover different periods of time. Moreover, these models are reliable as well as tangible forsuperior managers and it is noteworthy that they would offer significantly favorableconditions, lack of which may cause the unit under evaluation to face a great deal ofregression. Manuscript profile
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        20 - Completeness in Probabilistic Metric Spaces
        D. Varasteh Tafti M. Azhini
        The idea of probabilistic metric space was introduced by Menger and he showed that probabilistic metric spaces are generalizations of metric spaces. Thus, in this paper, we prove some of the important features and theorems and conclusions that are found in metric spaces More
        The idea of probabilistic metric space was introduced by Menger and he showed that probabilistic metric spaces are generalizations of metric spaces. Thus, in this paper, we prove some of the important features and theorems and conclusions that are found in metric spaces. At the beginning of this paper, the distance distribution functions are proposed. These functions are essential in defining probabilistic metric spaces. Then the Dirac function is presented as an important example of distributions functions. We also, introduced Sibley’s metric or Levy metric on the set of distance distribution functions and so this space becomes a metric space. In the following, probabilistic metric spaces are defined from the Serstnev’s view, and some examples such as Menger probabilistic metric spaces, are introduced. In this paper, the strong topology induced by distance distribution functions is introduced, and then probabilistic diameter, probabilistic bounded, probabilistic semi-bounded, probabilistic unbounded and probabilistic totally bounded sets are introduced. Also, we prove that in every probabilistic metric, every probabilistic totally bounded set is probabilistic bounded set. We also present the cantor intersection theorem and a formulation of Bair’s Theorem in complete probabilistic metric spaces. In addition, we prove that the Heine-Borel property and the Bolzano-Wierestrass property are equivalent. Manuscript profile
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        21 - Some results on vertex-edge Wiener polynomials and indices of graphs
        M. azari
        The vertex-edge Wiener polynomials of a simple connected graph are defined based on the distances between vertices and edges of that graph. The first derivative of these polynomials at one are called the vertex-edge Wiener indices. In this paper, we express some basic p More
        The vertex-edge Wiener polynomials of a simple connected graph are defined based on the distances between vertices and edges of that graph. The first derivative of these polynomials at one are called the vertex-edge Wiener indices. In this paper, we express some basic properties of the first and second vertex-edge Wiener polynomials of simple connected graphs and compare the first and second vertex-edge Wiener indices of them with each other. Also, we compute these polynomials and indices for some well-known graphs. Then, we study the relation between the vertex-edge Wiener polynomials of Cartesian product of graphs with the Wiener polynomial and vertex-edge Wiener polynomials of the primary graphs and apply the results to compute the vertex-edge Wiener indices of Cartesian product of graphs. As applications of these results, we present exact formulas for computing the first and second vertex-edge Wiener indices of rectangular grids, C4-nanotubes, C4-nanotori, Hamming graph, and hypercubes. Manuscript profile
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        22 - تحلیل جرم شناختی تأمین مالی تروریسم در حقوق ایران
        حسین اسدزاده بنابی محمد رسایی
        Manuscript profile
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        23 - Legal approach to bitcoin and its comparison with the stock market
        neda javaheri mohsen javaheri
        10.30495/jlap.2022.19435
        Bitcoin is a type of virtual currency and digital currency whose produc tion is the result of time-consum ing computi ng activiti es that can be trad ed like stocks or coins, and the result of this trade is the creation of a type of financ ial credit that the holder can More
        Bitcoin is a type of virtual currency and digital currency whose produc tion is the result of time-consum ing computi ng activiti es that can be trad ed like stocks or coins, and the result of this trade is the creation of a type of financ ial credit that the holder can Buy the device and use it to fulfill its obligations. Legal problems and non- recognition of bitcoin is due to the lack of a central issuing body and its digitali ty. In this way, bitcoin transactions are done with out the need for in termediaries and Trans actio ns do not require centralized instituti ons such as banks or other in stituti ons. This research has exami ned the law of Iran and several other countries with a descr i p tive-analy tical method.Key words: digital currency, mon ey, stock excha nge, securi ties, capital mark et Manuscript profile
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        24 - چالش‌ها و کاستی‌های مبارزه با پولشویی در حقوق ایران
        احمد یوسفی صادقلو حامد دانشجو
        Manuscript profile
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        25 - Great Middle East Plan: Models of Local Modernization and Development of Regional Integration
        Javad Moinaddini
        In post September 11, the Great Middle East plan has been chosen by the U.S. as a long termstrategy in the Middle East region. The aim of this plan is a shift from political, economic andsocialnature of the whole region through a link between the U.S., Europe and the Mi More
        In post September 11, the Great Middle East plan has been chosen by the U.S. as a long termstrategy in the Middle East region. The aim of this plan is a shift from political, economic andsocialnature of the whole region through a link between the U.S., Europe and the Middle East based ona series of Commitments.It is obvious that one of the objectives of this project is protecting Israel and providing security,mainly economic security. Israel alone in economic relation with the U.S. can not have a goodeconomic system and requires to establish economic relations with other countries mainly itsneighboring countries in the Middle East. The U.S. also follows to establish a good economic andpolitical relation between Israel and other Middle East countries through an economic securityproject that is justified into the general framework of the Great Middle East plan.But there is one question: “Is this project in accordance with the needs of these societies?” In thisarticle, the Middle East has been defined from Geopolitical and Geo-economic views, and also thestatus of this region for the U.S. has been surveyed from the point of security, energy and softwareaspects. Accordingly, the nature and substance of the Great Middle East have been reasonablyexplained. Manuscript profile
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        26 - Designing a financial stability model in order to respond to Islamic banking returns to shocks in the value of the national currency
        hadi radfar Mohammad Khazri fatemeh zandi bijan safavi
        The present study deals with redesigning the design of the financial stability model in order to respond to the return of Islamic banking to the shock of the value of the national currency for the years 1400-1373. For this purpose, using the structural vector autoregres More
        The present study deals with redesigning the design of the financial stability model in order to respond to the return of Islamic banking to the shock of the value of the national currency for the years 1400-1373. For this purpose, using the structural vector autoregression model (SVAR), which are known as impulse models; The response of Islamic banking returns to the shocks of national currency value, financial stability, inflation and inflation were investigated. According to the results, the response coefficient of the yield impulses of cooperative banking contracts to oil revenues, weakening of the value of the national currency and inflation is negative and equal to 0.01, 0.25 and 0.06. Also, the response of financial development momentum coefficient to the yield of cooperative banking contracts is positive and equal to 0.32. The increase in oil and foreign exchange revenues of the central bank causes an increase in the monetary base of the country, and the volume of liquidity also increases, and therefore inflation will also increase. The expectation of inflation in the future period and uncertainty about the inflation rate are also effective in fueling the intensity of inflation, and as uncertainty increases, the amount of investment in the production sector decreases and the production situation and the yield of contracts also worsen. On the other hand, the artificial pricing of the exchange rate in the years before thein order to reduce the pressure of the foreign exchange market, it is suggested that the annual off Manuscript profile
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        27 - Stock Price Synchronicity Based on Uncertainty in Monetary Policies
        saeed salehi narges yazdanian hoda hemmati seyedalireza mirarab baygi
        10.30495/jfksa.2022.21082
        The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of uncertainty in monetary policies on the synchronicity of company’s stock prices. The statistical population of the research consists of all the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange between 2010 and 2 More
        The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of uncertainty in monetary policies on the synchronicity of company’s stock prices. The statistical population of the research consists of all the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange between 2010 and 2019, of which 118 companies have been studied as a statistical sample of the research. The research data were analyzed using regression models using the pooled data method. In order to measure the uncertainty in monetary policies, two methods based on the entropy of exchange rate values and also fitting the GARCH heterogeneous variance model were used. The findings of the regression models showed that the increase in uncertainty in the monetary policies of each period under both the entropy criteria and the GARCH model has an adverse effect on the synchronicity of the stock prices in the future period. Therefore, the degree of stock prices synchronicity in each period can be predicted by relying on the uncertainty of monetary policies of the past period and the company's financial ratios. Also, the results showed that managers' strategies in order to reduce the debt ratio, increase cash retention and under investment to deal with the uncertainty caused by monetary policies, have a moderating effect on the relationship between this uncertainty and price synchronicity and strengthen the size of its effect on the synchronicity of the stock prices in the future period. Manuscript profile
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        28 - سیاستهای پولی و مالی و کارایی بازار سهام: شواهد تجربی در ایران
        کیومرث شهبازی ابراهیم رضایی ابوالفضل عباسی
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        29 - The role of monetary variables and financial frictions on the stock market in the form of DSGE model
        Lleila Barati yazdan goodarzi
        10.30495/jfksa.2022.21085
        The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of monetary policy and financial frictions on the stock market. In this study, the role of imperfections in financial markets as well as monetary policy on capital market performance and other macroeconomic variable More
        The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of monetary policy and financial frictions on the stock market. In this study, the role of imperfections in financial markets as well as monetary policy on capital market performance and other macroeconomic variables has been evaluated. In this regard, the statistical information of the period of 1989-2021 was used based on the frequency of seasonal data. The method used in this study is to solve the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. The results obtained from the monetary policy shock in this study showed that due to the existence of imperfection in the financial markets, it leads to volatility and instability in the capital market. In fact, the shock of the monetary policy has led to a change in the rate of return in the markets and this issue has affected the demand and supply of stocks. In addition, the monetary policy shock has had real effects on the economy. Manuscript profile
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        30 - Dependency structure between the markets of Iran, Turkey, China and the United Arab Emirates, according the approach of Copula – Markov Switching
        S. Mozaffar Mirbargkar Maryam Sohrabi
        Studying, and analyzing the dependency structure between the markets at the economic boom and bust have been suggested by the researchers and theorists of different areas. Furthermore, there have been various models to explain the correlation between the financial marke More
        Studying, and analyzing the dependency structure between the markets at the economic boom and bust have been suggested by the researchers and theorists of different areas. Furthermore, there have been various models to explain the correlation between the financial markets. Among them, the Copula model has a high ability to recognize the asymmetric dependence structure. The present research is going to study the dependency structure in the financial markets of four countries; Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Turkey and China at the boom and bust cycling in the period of 2014-2017, applying conditional heterogeneity variance model (GARCH), the Markov switching approach, and the Copula functions. The results illustrate that there is an asymmetric structure in every regime, as at the recession time, the correlation between these markets and Iranian market would be higher than the boom time. Manuscript profile
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        31 - Instruments of Financial Regulation in Iran & U.K
        Hossein Monavari Mohammad Rasekh
        The inherent complexities of financial market contracts, including those made within the money and capital markets, and the effect of the financial market on the totality of the economic system of a country by providing financial resources motivate governments to use va More
        The inherent complexities of financial market contracts, including those made within the money and capital markets, and the effect of the financial market on the totality of the economic system of a country by providing financial resources motivate governments to use various instruments to secure finances and uphold public interests in these markets. The necessity to ensure the private interests of investors while minimizing and managing risks and the dual nature of regulation, which restricts market agents on one hand and constrains governmental intervention on the other, creates a vast continuum of regulatory instruments which are used in more or less all countries around the world in some manner. Regulation has transitioned through market crashes, government failures and the shortcomings of private law in attaining public and private interests, and has risen to the status of a government theory; it provides instruments and devices through which governments may select and deploy regulatory policies. In the present paper, Iran and the United Kingdom have been selected with respect to their differing points of departure on the regulation of financial markets and comparisons have been made regarding the strategies, methods, sanctions, resources and bodies which systematically facilitate one or many governmental policies which make up the regulatory mechanisms governing the financial markets in both countries. Manuscript profile
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        32 - Financial accelerator in a DSGE model with financial and banking sectors for Iran
        Hassan Heidari Ahmad Molabahrami
        This study examines the financial accelerator theory of Bernanke and et al (1999) for Iran economy using a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. In this regard, a DSGE model with financial and banking sectors in the New Keynesian framework is designed, ca More
        This study examines the financial accelerator theory of Bernanke and et al (1999) for Iran economy using a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. In this regard, a DSGE model with financial and banking sectors in the New Keynesian framework is designed, calibrated and simulated and the results are compared with standard DSGE model without financial sector for the quarterly data of Iran during 1371 to 1390. To examine the financial accelerator theory, the impulse responses functions of proposed model are compared with standard model. The results show that, the proposed model has better ability to fit the Economy of Iran than the standard model. The impulse responses functions analysis show that the impact of deposit rate shock on the real sector variables within the proposed model is greater and more persistence and need more time to settlement than standard model. So the theory of financial accelerator is accepted in the Economy of Iran. Manuscript profile
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        33 - Compare effect of monetary and fiscal policy effect on stock market bubble within DSGE model in Iran stock market
        Kiomars Sohaili Shahram Fattahi Narges Rahmaniani
        The main goal of this study is compare effect of monetary and fiscal policy effect on stock market bubble within DSGE model in iran stock market. In recent year Iran Stock Exchange has experience a bubble. Fiscal and monetary policies have a roll in bubbles. in this pap More
        The main goal of this study is compare effect of monetary and fiscal policy effect on stock market bubble within DSGE model in iran stock market. In recent year Iran Stock Exchange has experience a bubble. Fiscal and monetary policies have a roll in bubbles. in this paper we have investigated a effect of monetary and fiscal polies in bubble. In this paper we consider a general equilibrium model to find effect of monetary and fiscal shocks in Iran Stock Exchange we use a Dynar software to evaluate the research and using the seasonal data from 1995-2014. The result has shown: that first, monetary policy shocks has increased interest of investment in Iran Stock Exchange. therefore Tobin's Q will increase and bubble will increase. Second, as result of fiscal policy shocks through increase in government spending, investing in financial markets like Iran Stock Exchange will decrease and price of stocks will decrease. Manuscript profile
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        34 - Investigation Effect of Financial Literacy and Money Management on Personal Financial Management of Tehran stock exchange investors
        Zahra Shirazian
        The purpose of this research is to study the role of financial literacy and money management on personal financial management of Tehran Stock Exchange investors. This research, in terms of type, is a descriptive survey and is a quantitative and applied research that has More
        The purpose of this research is to study the role of financial literacy and money management on personal financial management of Tehran Stock Exchange investors. This research, in terms of type, is a descriptive survey and is a quantitative and applied research that has been implemented cross-sectionally. The statistical population of this study was investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The Morgan table used 384 people as sample by simple random sampling method. The data gathering tool was a standard questionnaire for financial literacy, money management and personal finance management. Validity of the questionnaires was assessed through factor validity and their reliability through Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed using partial least squares and Smart Pialas software. The findings of this study confirm the significant effect of financial literacy and money management and their components on personal financial management of Tehran Stock Exchange investors. The evidence did not show any indirect effect. Manuscript profile
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        35 - The effect of financial stability and fluctuations in the value of the national currency on the efficiency of Islamic banking, under the switching regime change model
        hadi radfar Mohammad Khazri fatemeh zandi bijan safavi
        10.30495/jfksa.2023.22618
        In this study, we seek to investigate the effect of financial stability and fluctuations in the value of the national currency on the efficiency of Islamic banking in recession and boom regimes. For this purpose, the effect of study variables during the period of 1373 t More
        In this study, we seek to investigate the effect of financial stability and fluctuations in the value of the national currency on the efficiency of Islamic banking in recession and boom regimes. For this purpose, the effect of study variables during the period of 1373 to 1400 is investigated by using the rotation model and Markov switching regime change. The estimation results of the model show that the coefficient of financial development is positive in the prosperity regime. The coefficients of the variables of weakening the value of the national currency in both recession and boom regimes, liquidity and global financial and oil crises have also had a negative impact on the yield of bank contracts in the recession regime. The artificial pricing of the exchange rate in the years before the crisis and preventing its adjustment according to economic conditions is one of the main reasons for the recent fluctuations in the value of the national currency. Thus, as the growth of the exchange rate has increased, the policy makers have tried to control the growth of the exchange rate and prevent its increase by reacting more to it. Meanwhile, the reaction to exchange rate deviations has led to a further weakening of the value of the national currency. As the fluctuations in the value of the national currency increase, the amount of investment in the production sector has decreased and the production situation and the efficiency of the contracts have also worsened. Manuscript profile
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        36 - نقش درآمدهای نفتی و اعتبارات بانکی با تأکید بر حاکمیت سیاست‌های پولی در بخش تولید ایران با رهیافت یک مدل DSGE
        جواد خلیل زاده سحر بشیری حسن حیدری
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        37 - تحلیل اثرات غیرخطی شوک سیاست‌های پولی بر ارزش افزوده و اشتغال صنعت پتروشیمی در ایران
        ابراهیم نصیری فر
        Manuscript profile
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        38 - رهیافت کینزی جدید قابلیت جایگزینی نرخ ارز در انتظارات تورمی: مدل تعادل عمومی پویای تصادفی
        زهرا مختاری جلیل توتونچی عباس علوی راد
        10.30495/jae.2022.69992.1438
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        39 - تحلیل مقایسه ای کانال های انتقال سیاست پولی در شرایط تحریم اقتصادی ایران: رویکرد رگرسیون کوانتایل
        حسین باستین سید عبدالحمید ثابت مسعود صالحی رزوه عبدالکریم حسین پور
        Manuscript profile
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        40 - مدلسازی عوامل موثر بر تورم در اقتصاد ایران و مقایسه آن با منتخب کشورهای صنعتی بر اساس مدلهای VAR و Panel - VAR
        یزدان نقدی سهیلا کاغذیان مریم لشکری زاده فرشید عفتی باران
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        41 - بررسی اثرات پویای شوک‌های سیاست‌های پولی بر تولیدات صنعتی در ایران
        ابراهیم نصیری فر
        10.30495/jae.2022.65002.1396
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        42 - ارزیابی ثبات مالی در اقتصاد ایران با تاکید بر رفتار متفاوت قرض دهی و قرض‌گیری با رویکرد مدل DSGE
        حمید تقی زاده حسین شریفی رنانی سارا قبادی
        10.30495/jae.2021.19204
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        43 - بررسی تاثیر همزمان سیاست‌های پولی و مالی بر نابرابری درآمد در ایران
        مهدی جعفری سید جواد عمادی اسماعیل رمضانپور
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        44 - تأثیر شوک‌های سیاست پولی بر احتمال بقای نظام‌های ارزی در کشورهای عضو سازمان همکاری اسلامی (رهیافت تحلیل بقاء در داده‌های تابلویی)
        ندا قدرت آبادی علیرضا دقیقی اصلی مجید افشاری راد مرجان دامن کشیده
        10.30495/jae.2022.64034.1383
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        45 - تحلیل اثرات وابسته به وضعیت کل‌های پولی بر نرخ ارز واقعی: مدل مارکوف سوئیچینگ گارچ
        الهام امراللهی بیوکی کامبیز هژبر کیانی عباس معمارنژاد سید یحیی ابطحی
        10.30495/jae.2022.64927.1395
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        46 - نحوه اثرگذاری مهم‌ترین متغیرهای مؤثر بر ساز و کار انتقال سیاست پولی در اقتصاد ایران با رویکرد الگو‌های خودرگرسیون برداری تعمیم یافته پارامتر متغیر زمان
        مجید رحیمی کامران ندری مهدی یزدانی
        10.30495/jae.2021.19203
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        47 - Survey of relationship between economic freedom and budget deficits in non-free Countries
        محمد رضا شریف آزاده فرزاد هاشمی
        Since the limit of economics freedom determines the scope of the market and specifies the sphere of government intervention in the economy, for this reason , in this essay it has been attempted to test the hypothesis of the inverse relationship between the degree of eco More
        Since the limit of economics freedom determines the scope of the market and specifies the sphere of government intervention in the economy, for this reason , in this essay it has been attempted to test the hypothesis of the inverse relationship between the degree of economic freedom and budget deficit in the non-free countries .For this purpose , among the institutions which perform the ranking of the index of economic freedom in the different countries ,Heritage Foundation has been chosen due to its covering of both the cross-section and more time series data ,precision for the numerous and quality of sub-branches and credit estimation approach and being a productive organization of information. Based upon the statistics of  the ratio of budget deficit over gross domestic product (GDP) for free countries ,including ten countries which have had the lowest degree of economic freedom, in the period(1996-2006),using the World Bank statistical sources, calculation has been made by the panel or extensive data and econometric tests. The results coming from the coefficients of the model indicate a significant and inverse relationship between the degree of economic freedom and budget deficit for the non-free countries including Iran,Belarus,Bosnia-Herzegovina,Congo,Ethiopia,Mongolia,Ukraine,Tunisia,Kazakhstan and Bulgaria. Manuscript profile
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        48 - تأثیر نااطمینانی متغیرهای حقیقی و پولی منتخب بر بازدهی بازار سرمایه (مطالعه موردی بورس اوراق بهادار تهران)
        سمانه طریقی تقی ترابی عباس معمارنژاد فرهاد غفاری
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        49 - تاثیر ابزارهای سیاست پولی بر رکود تورمی در ایران
        حسین امیری محبوبه پیرداده بیرانوند
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        50 - بررسی پدیده جانشینی پول و اثر تنش نرخ ارز بر تقاضای پول در ایران
        سعید دائی کریم زاده مجید صامتی نجمه محمودی
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        51 - بررسی تأثیر سیاست‌های پولی و مالی بر اقتصاد ایران در بستری از رکود اقتصادی
        زهرا فرج‌زاده اولقی محمد نقیبی
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        52 - Long-run and Short-run Effects of Monetary and Exchange Rate Variables on Stock Prices in Iran
        عباس علوی‌راد حمید حق‌نویس
        The movement in the stock price index is an important indicator in the economic system of a country. The purpose of this paper is to examine the long-run and short-run relations between Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) price index and monetary and exchange rate variables in More
        The movement in the stock price index is an important indicator in the economic system of a country. The purpose of this paper is to examine the long-run and short-run relations between Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) price index and monetary and exchange rate variables in Iran. We have used Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) modeling approach and Error Correction Model (ECM) to determine the effects of monetary and exchange rate variables on TSE price index in the long-run and short-run. This procedure for small sample will be the most appropriate. Quantitative estimates based on the time series monthly data from 2004 to 2009, indicate that liquidity (M2) has a positive effect on TSE price index in the long-run. But, free market exchange rate (FER) and legal reserve (LR) have a negative effect on TSE price index in the long-run. On the other hand, monetary variables have a significant effect on TSE price index in the short-run. However, the coefficient of the Error Correction Term (ECT) shows that the speed of adjustment is slow and the ECM can only explain 69 per cent of the fluctuations of TSE price index. Manuscript profile
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        53 - Effect of Economic Stability on Demand for Money in Iran (1973‐2008)
        رویا آل عمران فهیمه نصراله سیدعلی آل عمران
        In this survey, we study the impact of the economic stability on demandfor money in Iran. We use ARCH‐GARCH model to introduce an EconomicStability Index (ESI), which is a weighted average of variables such as grossdomestic product (GDP), foreign exchange rate, inflatio More
        In this survey, we study the impact of the economic stability on demandfor money in Iran. We use ARCH‐GARCH model to introduce an EconomicStability Index (ESI), which is a weighted average of variables such as grossdomestic product (GDP), foreign exchange rate, inflation rate, long‐terminterest rate, and Stock Market Average Price Index.With the help our calculated ESI and employing the ARDL method weestimate the demand for money in Iran for the period of 1352‐1387. Theresults of our study show that the Economic Stability Index has a positiveimpact on demand for money in Iran. Manuscript profile
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        54 - The effect of monetary policy on private sector investment in Iran (Using ARDL technique)
        کامبیز پیکارجو پاتریس امیرخانی
         In today's world one of the objectives of any government is to achieve economic stability, soeconomic policy making should be suitable with the economic conditions that require the government conscious intervention to achieve macroeconomic goals. One of the basic More
         In today's world one of the objectives of any government is to achieve economic stability, soeconomic policy making should be suitable with the economic conditions that require the government conscious intervention to achieve macroeconomic goals. One of the basic and important principleseconomic policy of decision making is to examine the effects of monetary and fiscal policies on the economic and non-economic variables. Monetary policy is now one of these policies that is used as a tool for achieving economic purposes in developing countries. Some analysts believe that the effect of economic shocks on macroeconomic variables such as production, inflation and unemployment, can be least, if we use the tools correctly.  On the other hand, investment is a driving force for growth and development in the economic literature. In fact, one of the variables that can change in monetary policy changes, along with other macroeconomic variables changes, is investment. Private sector investment is a part of total investment that monetary policy can make many changes in it.  The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of monetary policy on private investment in Iran will be analyzed in this research during 1357-1389, via three variables: the liquidity, GDP and real interest rates. The results show that there is a significant positive relationship between liquidity and real interest rates on private investment, and also there is a significant negative relationship between GDP and private investment in the long run in Iran. Manuscript profile
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        55 - Feasibility study of endowment of credit money according to Islamic jurisprudence
        naser alidoostishahraki saeed tajikzadeh saeed alizadeh
        10.30495/jijl.2021.17354
        Waqf can be considered as one of the good traditions of Islamic societies, which of course has existed in other forms in other societies as well, which shows that this good tradition is also rooted in the pure nature of humanity. It has created the illusion that time sh More
        Waqf can be considered as one of the good traditions of Islamic societies, which of course has existed in other forms in other societies as well, which shows that this good tradition is also rooted in the pure nature of humanity. It has created the illusion that time should be spent only on this property, which has deprived the endowment institution of a large part of the wealth in society, which is the current credit money. Feasibility study of endowment of credit money, which is in fact the money of our time and its license is in Islamic jurisprudence,And the importance of this issue is due to the fact that it is not taken into account in the laws, and for this reason, we have examined the opinions and reasons of the proponents and opponents in this field and it was seen that it is possible to dedicate credit money in jurisprudence. Manuscript profile
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        56 - Necessities and obstacles of using the secret operation of entrapment in the economic crime of money laundering
        Mohammad Pirani Asghar Abbasi Ali Ghorbani
        10.30495/jijl.2022.70640.1626
        Background and purpose – Economic crime have led to destructive effects and negative economic consequences for the country. Special characteristics, including low visibility, high dark figure, dynamism, wide scope of danger, and special information make detection More
        Background and purpose – Economic crime have led to destructive effects and negative economic consequences for the country. Special characteristics, including low visibility, high dark figure, dynamism, wide scope of danger, and special information make detection of these crimes difficult. Thus, secret entrapment operations can be considered as a suitable solution to fight against this type of crimes. However, the lack of recognition of the necessities of and obstacles to the enforcement of secret entrapment operations for economic crimes will cause doubts both in the enforcement or non- enforcement of these operations as well as in the public’s minds, making them unoptimistic towards the nature of such operations. This study attempts to answer the questions that: “what are the main obstacles and necessities of the enforcement of the secret entrapment operations for the economic crime of money laundering?” and “how can these necessities and obstacles be explained?”Methodology – This study is descriptive-analytical and has investigated and analyzed the above-mentioned questions using the library and note-taking methods.Findings and results –While explaining the necessities and obstacles of the enforcement of a secret entrapment operation for the economic crime of money laundering, this study can be successful on the one hand for guiding the police, designers and operators of secret operations in the enforcement of secret entrapment operations, and on the other hand, increase the public's trust in the police and judicial system. Manuscript profile
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        57 - Jurisprudential feasibility of civil liability of government assuming devaluation of money due to inflation
        mahdi mohagheghian Seyed Mohammad Hadi Mahdavi Ahmadreza Tavakoli
        10.30495/jijl.2022.60141.1436
        Inflation or continuum and general raise of prices, is depended on different reasons and factors. Sometimes incomes and spending of government are imbalanced and government is forced to commit inflation policies and realizing money in order to protect against the side e More
        Inflation or continuum and general raise of prices, is depended on different reasons and factors. Sometimes incomes and spending of government are imbalanced and government is forced to commit inflation policies and realizing money in order to protect against the side effects of borrowing from Central Bank, and consequently raise to devaluation of national money. In this regard, from juridical viewpoint it is possible to survey that in such circumstances, is there any way to put the responsibility of compensating of money devaluation and losses of citizens on government or not. It seems that if the pills of civil responsibility are complete, so, appropriate is ready for civil responsibility of government. Because, based on no-losses-rule, harm defeat, causation rule, ownership right and the necessity of compensating lost interests assuming interest conflict, it is possible to put the responsibility for compensating the losses of citizens on government. In other hand, from Jurisprudential view point, there is no constraint for this sentence and therefore, government is force to handle this responsibility, anyway. Manuscript profile
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        58 - Corporate social responsibility and CEO compensation structure
        Fraydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti anahita zandi
        In this research, how firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance affects CEO compensation structure officer was examined. Traditional agency theory suggests that CEOs engage in CSR for their own interests at the expense of shareholders. A competing argumen More
        In this research, how firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance affects CEO compensation structure officer was examined. Traditional agency theory suggests that CEOs engage in CSR for their own interests at the expense of shareholders. A competing argument is that CEOs consider firms' social performance as a business strategy to increase firm value and align their interests with those of shareholders. Our results support the latter prediction. We find that a firm's social performance is negatively associated with the proportion of cash-based compensation, while it is positively associated with the proportion of equity-based compensation. Overall, our findings highlight the positive impact of CSR performance on CEO compensation packages, implying that CEOs' fiduciary behavior of engaging in CSR leads to mitigating agency problems and maximizing firm value. Manuscript profile
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        59 - Presenting a pattern of money laundering control in the banking system of the Government of Iran with emphasis on the factor of public culture
        abdolmahdi torabiyan masoud pourkiani saeid sayadi
        Introduction and purpose of the research: The purpose of this study is to present a pattern of money laundering control in the banking system of the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran with emphasis on the factor of public culture. Research Method: In this study, More
        Introduction and purpose of the research: The purpose of this study is to present a pattern of money laundering control in the banking system of the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran with emphasis on the factor of public culture. Research Method: In this study, first the factors affecting money laundering control for public culture were identified through a survey of experts using Delphi technique, and then these factors were tested in the form of a model designed in the statistical community. The statistical population of the study was 321 people, all senior managers of Kerman National Bank branches, and 200 people were selected as the sample. Data collection tools were interviews and questionnaires (2 questionnaires). The data were analyzed in SPSS and AMOS22 software. Findings: Factor analysis results show that the components of "moving away from the state economy" and "e-banking" were the most important in explaining the money laundering variable, so that the component of moving away from the state economy 90% and the component of e-banking 86%. Conclusion: Money laundering has become one of the most important issues in many countries and can have far-reaching consequences for the economy of any country, and the relevant institutions must pay special attention to take action to combat this issue. Manuscript profile
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        60 - Sociological Analysis of Attitude on Money: Young People in Tehran City
        sepideh zarei Seyyed Vahid Aghili mansour vosooghi
        10.30495/jisds.2007.21280
        Studying people's attitudes on money will predict their behavior and reaction. The efficiency of money in a society depends more on people's expectations and attitudes about money and people's thinking reflects the collective thinking of a society. This study is practic More
        Studying people's attitudes on money will predict their behavior and reaction. The efficiency of money in a society depends more on people's expectations and attitudes about money and people's thinking reflects the collective thinking of a society. This study is practical in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of method and mixed in terms of data collection and analysis. For this purpose, the Q method, which is one of the mixed methods (quantitative- qualitative), has been used. A total of 41 terms were extracted from interviews, theoretical foundations, and previous researches, shaped the discourse space of the study. For the purpose of sorting Q sample phrases, 30 young employed in Tehran were selected by purposeful method. Then, in the quantitative section, by completing the Q tables and analyzing the obtained data by factor analysis, the mentality of the individuals in each group was identified and analyzed. The results of this study show four mentalities of youth in Tehran with communicating, social, cultural and moral dimensions and concepts. Manuscript profile
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        61 - Sociological Analysis of Attitude on Money: Young People in Tehran City
        Sepideh Zarei Seyed Vahid Aqili Mansour Vosoughi
        Manuscript profile
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        62 - Implementing climate classification system architecture In Khorasan Razavi
        سعید کامیابی
        Architecture design with climate data and making it possible location is the thermal requirements. The aim of this paper is to identify and evaluate climate classification and its compliance with the principles of vernacular architecture in Khorasan Razavi province ofte More
        Architecture design with climate data and making it possible location is the thermal requirements. The aim of this paper is to identify and evaluate climate classification and its compliance with the principles of vernacular architecture in Khorasan Razavi province often introverted architecture, first by extracting climatic elements needed in four climate classification system (coupons, Ivanov, Emberger and Demarton ), during a time interval to most cities in Khorasan Razavi province took place This research was an analytical descriptive compilation along with a look at the survey and survey longitudinal approach (continuous) is done The use of methods to assess climate classification architecture compatible with the climate and conditions of vernacular architecture for cities in Khorasan Razavi province were provided in tables and maps Manuscript profile
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        63 - Assessment and Evaluation of Development Status in Kermanshah Province with Emphasis on Regionalism Policy
        Ali purmirza Rebaz Ghorbaninejad aazam yousefi Rahim sarvar
        Due to the human, natural resources and geographical and political conditions of the border regions in the national development process today, local resource-based planning can be prioritized through a coordinated military plan. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the More
        Due to the human, natural resources and geographical and political conditions of the border regions in the national development process today, local resource-based planning can be prioritized through a coordinated military plan. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the economic, social, environmental and cultural indicators in order to achieve the important goals of sustainable development, in the form of regionalism policy, by modeling and providing appropriate solutions. In this study, the status of development in Kermanshah province was investigated with emphasis on regionalism policy. By studying and compiling120 questionnaires containing50questions, the impact of regionalism in different dimensions was studied from the perspective of managers of 5 Kermanshah border towns. Data analysis was done by SPSS.Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis of the difference between the status quo and the ideal condition. The results indicate that there are significant differences in the two dimensions between the status quo and the ideal condition.So it can be said that there is a significant gap between the status quo and the ideal conditions for development, and this difference is shown in all dimensions as maps (GIS). Manuscript profile
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        64 - Geopolitical Conflicts of Regional and Trans-regional Powers in the Syrian Crisis and Its Impact on Regional Electricity of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        Ali Rahimi ezzatolah ezzati masoud mahdavi hajilouyi
        10.30495/sarzamin.2022.49772.1825
        The evolution of the geopolitical environment of the Southwest Asian security environment since the September 11, 2001, events has forced regional and trans-regional powers to take different approaches to the crises in the region. Since Syria has been a gateway for Iran More
        The evolution of the geopolitical environment of the Southwest Asian security environment since the September 11, 2001, events has forced regional and trans-regional powers to take different approaches to the crises in the region. Since Syria has been a gateway for Iran's entry into the Arab world for many years, the axis of Iran's resistance to the Mediterranean and so on has been central. Therefore, weakening Syria, in addition to weakening the axis of resistance, will result in a reduction of Iran's regional influence and power. The present study is a descriptive-analytical one and the main purpose of this paper is to analyze the regional power of Iran in the light of Syrian geopolitical conflicts. The results show that the geopolitical conflicts of the regional and trans-regional powers of Syria will have major effects on the regional power of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile
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        65 - Russia’s policy in Central Asia and Caucasus and the upcoming challenges after cold war
        عبدالرضا Faraji Rad مریم Shabani
        According to the Russian leader's ideas, traditional sphere of Soviet Union particularly, central Asia and Caucasus, is the first defensive trend for protecting of Russian national security, and it should be looking to exert dominance over the region, on the context of More
        According to the Russian leader's ideas, traditional sphere of Soviet Union particularly, central Asia and Caucasus, is the first defensive trend for protecting of Russian national security, and it should be looking to exert dominance over the region, on the context of the Tosarist Russia and soviet. Nevertheless, Russia during the two past decades, has taken different approaches towards central Asia and Caucasus, that, at first glance it may associated to confusion of kremlin leaders; but with scrutiny about the reason of adopting such a procedure can be realized that the approaches have been just tactical and in order to achieve the overall strategy in central Asia and Caucasus. Current trends, indicate that, Russian administration with its long-term strategy, have always been looking for Russia as an empire of oil and acting with their promotion, able to play the geopolitical key role in energy, And exploit Russia's energy resources and also energy transfer pipeline monopoly as a mean of political and economical to provide the geopolitical benefits of country in Eurasia, especially in relations with Europe union. In this research we want to answer this question that what are the obstacles in achieving the goals for Russia after cold war in central Asia and Caucasus? It seems that some of the obstacles are Ethnic - cultural wars in Caucasus and after that the presence of Trans-regional powers in this area that in this research we focus on this two issues. Manuscript profile
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        66 - Analises in Shanghai Cooperation Organizatin Geopolitics, Economics and Security: Accent joined observer Iran in SCO
        Qiuomars Yazdanpanah Dero Ezatolahe Ezzati
        The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), Currently consisting of China,Russia and four Central Asian states (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan andTajikstan), covers more than three fifths of the Eurasian Landmass and represents onequarter of the world population. H More
        The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), Currently consisting of China,Russia and four Central Asian states (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan andTajikstan), covers more than three fifths of the Eurasian Landmass and represents onequarter of the world population. Hn that sense it is the biggest security organisation inthe world next to the UN.The SCO is also the only international security organization,where China is a member and the United States is not.As will be demonstrated belowcentral Asia is at the centre of the organisation both in a geographical and politicalsense.if India, Pakistan and Iran, which joined the organization in 2005 as observers(Plus Mongolia in 2004) are included, the organization represents about half the worldpopulation and contains four nuclear powers.The organzation calls for greter economic cooperation among its members ,and at ameeting on September 23, 2003, Wen Jiabao, the premier of the Peoples Republic ofChina (PRC) ,proposed the establishment over the long term of an SCO – wide freetrade area designed to improve the flow of goods in the region by easing traderestrictions, such as tariffs.The SCO, s Security agenda is vast.The organization has been compared to theWarsaw pact and referred to as the " NATO of the East. Manuscript profile
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        67 - Analyzing of movement and tribal groups of Khozestan province
        Ali Bijani Ezatollah Ezati
        The present study tries to analyze movements and Arabian tribal parties ofKhozestan province as an ancient Iranian tribes.These movement have specificsituation from view poin of number of population,geogeraphic and geopoliticalpotenatial,shiett religion being borderer.C More
        The present study tries to analyze movements and Arabian tribal parties ofKhozestan province as an ancient Iranian tribes.These movement have specificsituation from view poin of number of population,geogeraphic and geopoliticalpotenatial,shiett religion being borderer.Coexistence and good understanding withneighbouring countries from view poit of dependence ,necessitate to present anddefine scientific strategies to avoid of causing tension and crisis of national authorityin the region,so the study present the special task. Manuscript profile
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        68 - New Geopolitic of Europ and its imply cation on relation with Islamic Republic of form (Emphasizing on post –cold war and forming Europian union)
        Abdoreza Faraji Rad Narges Qasemi
        The Europe Union has passed much Height in the way of convergence of the impasse that  has already caught, which can be the world's most successful regional integration project. There sults of this convergence has been the formation of a unique foreign policy of ot More
        The Europe Union has passed much Height in the way of convergence of the impasse that  has already caught, which can be the world's most successful regional integration project. There sults of this convergence has been the formation of a unique foreign policy of other countries around the world that are logic Since its formation of the Europe Union, Islamic Republic of Iran should have been faced with a union politic with Europe union members which severely affects the relations between Iran and Europe.In this study,we sought to answer the question of the formation of the Union of the Islamic Republic's relations with the Europe Union and how these relationships affect the geopolitical factors. Manuscript profile
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        69 - The importance of Environmental Geopolitics in today's world
        زهرا Pishgahifard عمران Alizadeh
        The advent of industrial revolution in Europe and Modern technology in human'slife led to many changes on the earth. These events which were along with the off takeand destruction of the natural resources all over the geographical regions of the globeled to deep changes More
        The advent of industrial revolution in Europe and Modern technology in human'slife led to many changes on the earth. These events which were along with the off takeand destruction of the natural resources all over the geographical regions of the globeled to deep changes on the earth. These changes in half second 20th century which werealong with the destruction of ozone, vast extinction of vital species, strong destructionof herbaceous strong reduction of natural resources caused Environmental crises.From the beginning, governments reacted against these events like other crises.They tried to restrain from much Environmental crises in national, regional anduniversal term by international meeting, manifesto issuance and different convention.These crises were so deep and vast that in addition to governments, parties and Nongovernmentorganizations such as "Green peace parties" were made all over the world.Near the end 20th century they could control the governments in some of the industrialcountries with expanding their activities and national acceptability.The aim of this essay is explaining the concepts of Environmental geopolitics anddiscovering whether these environmental crises will change to conflicts and crisesamong the nations of a country, in region countries and finally the universal areas.Also how Geopolitics and Environmental researchers can suggest guidelines to thegovernments and Non- Government organization in order to restrain from changingEnvironmental crises to security crises.The results of the research show that Environmental crises and strong reduction ofnatural resources will be the source of many national and regional confects in thefuture. More relations, consideration, national, regional and universal conflicts basedon these crises will come to existence. Manuscript profile
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        70 - U.S. Strategy and Iran’s Position in Middle East
        عزت اله Ezzati
        The 20 thcentury with its all characteristics, finally faced with the military strategies impasse and with U.S.S.R collapsing finished, and the day after the falling of Berlin wall in 1989, strategically entered to 21st century . By this, the world security agenda has b More
        The 20 thcentury with its all characteristics, finally faced with the military strategies impasse and with U.S.S.R collapsing finished, and the day after the falling of Berlin wall in 1989, strategically entered to 21st century . By this, the world security agenda has been formulated on the basis of new principals and actors which according to this global blue print, the world will be directed by 5 orbits which is composed of 4+1 axis.Consequently, the world’s geo-strategic divisions drastically changed and in fact the world’s map planning is on the bassis of the peace map. According to these transformations, traditional Middle East borders moved towards north, east and weast and geographically wielded. This geopolitical expansion created challenges among and for Middel Eastern countries. Moreover, besides the other changes, U.S. Security Strategy has focused on Caspian Sea basin. The considerable point in this process is locating Iran, in the centre of the Heartland of energy or in the other world, the Heart of world energy. This affair must be considered in arranging Iran’s National Strategy. Manuscript profile
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        71 - بررسی وجود رینوسپورریدیوزیس در اردکها و غازهای شهرستان بابل
        سید جمال هاشمی عیسی غلامپور عزیزی مسعود هاشمی محمد علی ضیا
        Manuscript profile
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        72 - Atonement in Paul’s Theology: Criticism of the Religious Scholars
        محمد علی ayazi Hamideh Amiryazdani
        Atonement has been considered as one of the basic teachings of Paul, which is elaborated mostly in Galatians and Romans. This fundamental teaching gradually took an integrated shape and became an essential part of Anselm and Aquina’s thoughts. In the modern period More
        Atonement has been considered as one of the basic teachings of Paul, which is elaborated mostly in Galatians and Romans. This fundamental teaching gradually took an integrated shape and became an essential part of Anselm and Aquina’s thoughts. In the modern period, changes in theological views and considering Paul as the interpreter and second founder of Christianity has made the contemporary thinkers to reconsider the issue. In fact, after the formation of historical criticism and demythologizing, atonement as a fundamental teaching was reconsidered by Christian thinkers. The present study tries to deal with the views of contemporary theologians with historical critical approach, such as Thomas Micheal, Philip Queen and Micheal Golder. Beside these theologians, the views of some contemporary Muslim thinkers such as cAllāmeh Tabāãabā’Ê and Rashid Reza, who have direct refrence to Christian texts, is also considered. Manuscript profile
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        73 - The Origin and the Advent of Christian Mysticism
        علی بادامی
        By the advent of Christianity mysticism has started practicing in theChristian religious life and has been influenced by external and internalsources during its development and formation. This essay tries tosurvey the formative period of the Christian mysticism, and inc More
        By the advent of Christianity mysticism has started practicing in theChristian religious life and has been influenced by external and internalsources during its development and formation. This essay tries tosurvey the formative period of the Christian mysticism, and includestwo parts: In the first part the influence of following factors onChristian mysticism have been dealt with: Jewish heritage– that is, thehistorical and environmental relations of Jewish and Christiancommunities and their similarities in the religious beliefs and rituals–Hebrew Bible and Philo’s treatises, religious texts– such as Didacheand Apocalyptic and apocryphal literature– mysterious religions, andGnostics and Hermetic rituals. Moreover, the impact of Platonic andNeo-Platonic schools on Christians’ tendency towards mysticism hasbeen mentioned. In the second part, the influence of internal sourcessuch as Gospels, the mystical teachings of Christ, Paul and John, havebeen studied. Finally, we come to the conclusion that Christianmysticism, in spite of external influences, has mostly been impacted bythe Gospels and mystical and moral teachings of Christ and his asceticlife. Manuscript profile
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        74 - Mystical Foundations of St. Paul's Ethical Doctrines
        Homeyra Arsanjani مجتبی Zurvani
        The vital role of St.Paul in the history of Christianity needs no proof. Christian life of Paul began with his own vision of Christ; This conversion resulted in his theological and ethical teachings. So that, his “Christ-Mysticism” has been regarded as the h More
        The vital role of St.Paul in the history of Christianity needs no proof. Christian life of Paul began with his own vision of Christ; This conversion resulted in his theological and ethical teachings. So that, his “Christ-Mysticism” has been regarded as the heart of his ideas and thought. Accordingly, love, as the major element of Paul’s ethic and the gift of “spirit”, parallel to faith, as the main element of his theology and the fruit of grace, make the fulfillment of true Law possible. In Pauline mysticism, “being-in-Christ” follows a “new creation” in piety and edification. This attitude, together with a moral-mystical interpretation of sacraments substitutes Law of love for the Law of works. In this article, Paul’s ethics is surveyed with regard to his special personality, his fanatical legalism, his following psychological crisis, and finally his visionary experience of Jesus Christ. Furthermore, Pauline and Stoic Ethics are comparatively discussed.  Manuscript profile
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        75 - Paul and the Law
        Babak Khasekhan Habib Bashirpour
        Despite the fact that Paul’s view on law does not constitute the core of his theology, the subject is nonetheless one of the most controversial and frequent issues of his theology. Many theologians hold that he denied the law, and in particular the mosaic law, and More
        Despite the fact that Paul’s view on law does not constitute the core of his theology, the subject is nonetheless one of the most controversial and frequent issues of his theology. Many theologians hold that he denied the law, and in particular the mosaic law, and in other words, he didn’t regard it as an important factor in attaining salvation. Others consider Paul as distorting Jesus’ teachings. However, it should be considered that his views on law are indeed a natural result of his Christology and without having this point in mind, our understanding of his views is faulty and incomplete. From another point of view, as Underhill puts it, Paul is to be considered a mystic rather than a rationalistic theologian, and so he considered the concept of law from the point of view of a mystic, not a theologian. On the other hand, by redefining the Jewish religious concepts, and especially its law, he was trying to bring closer the Jews to gentiles. This paper is going to make the point that the negation of the law by Paul was relative not absolute, and in his view the degree of people’s observance of the law depends on ethnic, religious and personal factors. Manuscript profile
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        76 - Religious Law and Salvation from Paul's View
        mahboobeh safaei sadegh Tahereh Hajebrahimi
        10.30495/jrs.2022.20788
        Paul's contradictory view about law has provoked Christian thinkers to argue and dispute about it. Although Paul was from a Pharisee background and considered the religious law sacred and binding but he propounds the case of redemption from the curse of the law, and ass More
        Paul's contradictory view about law has provoked Christian thinkers to argue and dispute about it. Although Paul was from a Pharisee background and considered the religious law sacred and binding but he propounds the case of redemption from the curse of the law, and asserts that no one justify by law. Here the question is if no one can justify by law, why did God originally give us the law? It seems that the secret of the Paul's negative view about law is concealed in this question. If it is asked how one can be justified? Paul always says that "by Christ" and "not by law". Therefore, the only requirement to enter the community of believers is the faith in Christ, not acceptance of the law. But he emphasizes that after coming into Christian life, a Christian should act according to the divine commandments. So, it must be said that Paul was not against the law. In this article, Paul's view about religious law and its connection with salvation is surveyed in a descriptive- analytic method. Manuscript profile
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        77 - The Effect of Added Lipase Enzyme on Lipolysis Development and Microbiological Characteristics of Traditional (White brined) Cheese & Ultra Filtered Feta Cheese
        صدیقه Yazdanpanah محمد رضا Ehsani مریم Mizani
        Introduction: Lipolysis during cheese ripening is one of the main biochemical reactions. In pasteurization natural lipase present in milk becomes inactive. Therefore lipolysis occurs in Iranian cheeses at low level. The aim of this study is to accelerate the ripening of More
        Introduction: Lipolysis during cheese ripening is one of the main biochemical reactions. In pasteurization natural lipase present in milk becomes inactive. Therefore lipolysis occurs in Iranian cheeses at low level. The aim of this study is to accelerate the ripening of traditional and ultra-filtered Feta cheeses by lipolysis and evaluate the effect on the microbiological characteristics of the cheeses. Materials and Methods: Aspergillus niger encapsulated lipase was prepared according to Sol-Gel method. For producing cheeses after milk fat standardization where the pasteurization was carried out at 75 °C for 15 s, the milk was cooled and the starter, rennet  and lipase were added in three forms of encapsulated, encapsulated with arabic gum and non- encapsulated to the traditional and UF-Feta cheeses. The amount of added lipase to curd or retentate was 4 g/100kg. The lipolysis development and evaluations of chemical, microbial and sensory characteristics were performed during the 60 days of ripening. Results: On the 15th day of ripening period the lipolysis development and chemical compounds observed had significant differences at the P< 0.05 between the traditional and UF- Feta cheeses. The microbial counts were negative after 15 th day.Encapsulated lipase treatment of UF-Feta cheeses had the highest sensory score. Conclusion: Accelerated lipolysis in cheese might be regarded as a ripening indicator.  Production of free fatty acid and hygroscopic additive like arabic gum had prevention effect on microbial counts in the final product and improved the sensory properties. Manuscript profile
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        78 - Influence of Transglutaminase Treatment on Proteolysis and Lipolysis of Low-Fat White-Brined Cheese Incorporated with Whey Proteins during Ripening
        H. Jooyandeh E. Danesh M. Goudarzi
        Introduction: Fat reduction adversely affects different properties of cheese. Transglutaminase treatment of low-fat milk incorporated with whey proteins makes it possible to develop a low-fat white-brined cheese with rheological properties similar to the full-fat counte More
        Introduction: Fat reduction adversely affects different properties of cheese. Transglutaminase treatment of low-fat milk incorporated with whey proteins makes it possible to develop a low-fat white-brined cheese with rheological properties similar to the full-fat counterpart. The objective of this study was to monitor the changes in proteolysis and lipolysis indices of transglutaminase–treated low-fat white-brined cheese during ripening. Materials and Methods: A control full-fat (3% fat), a control low-fat (1% fat) and an enzyme-treated low-fat (1% fat, 0.9 U transglutaminase/g protein, 5% whey protein isolate/L milk) white-brined cheese were produced and their physicochemical properties, proteolysis and lipolysis indices, FFA profile and organoleptic attributes were studied after 3, 20, 40 and 60 days. Results: The proteolysis and lipolysis indices of all samples showed an increasing trend during ripening (p<0.05). The development of proteolysis and lipolysis in white-brined cheese with reduced fat content was noticeably slower than its full-fat counterpart (p<0.05). Transglutaminase treatment of low-fat milk incorporated with whey proteins retarded the syneresis of resultant cheese and hereby promoted its extent of proteolysis and lipolysis (p<0.05). The decreasing rate of short-chain free fatty acids production was more pronounced than that of medium- and long-chain free fatty acids, due possibly to their contribution to production of flavor compounds. Flavor of enzyme-treated low-fat cheese was considerably improved during ripening (p<0.05) but was less appreciated by consumers than that of control full-fat sample (p<0.05). Conclusion: Transglutaminase treatment of low-fat milk incorporated with whey proteins results in a low-fat white-brined cheese with accelerated proteolysis and lipolysis and thus, more desirable organoleptic properties. Manuscript profile
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        79 - Geopolitical and environmental study of artificial islands in the Persian Gulf (From the perspective of international law)
        sona ghasemi Seyed-Abbas Poorhashemi ali zare parvin farshchi hermidas bavand
        10.22034/jest.2019.18736.2806
        According to the 1982 convention of the seas, constructing artificial islands is permitted, and countries can build artificial islands in their own territory. However, creating artificial islands in the Persian Gulf area makes the countries in the region, especially Ira More
        According to the 1982 convention of the seas, constructing artificial islands is permitted, and countries can build artificial islands in their own territory. However, creating artificial islands in the Persian Gulf area makes the countries in the region, especially Iran, pursue the issue more sensitively. Moreover, according to principles of International Environmental Law, the countries that construct artificial islands should provide other countries with the required information regarding the construction and properties of their own artificial islands.Today, artificial island construction is being increased, and this has caused many environmental crises, including the increase of water darkness and pollution and transport of coastal sediments. This article analyzed the destructive impacts of constructing artificial islands in the Persian Gulf environment, the effect of development of new land space from geopolitical view, and building artificial islands from the viewpoint of International Law of the seas are being reviewed. Moreover, because the notion of governance in modern International Law has been modified regarding the use of the environment and sustainable development, the countries constructing these islands and coastal countries will have limited rights to build artificial islands. Manuscript profile
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        80 - Landfill site selection for urban wastes using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Leopold matrix methods (Case Study: Malekan city)
        Ghodrat Barzegari Alireza Esmaeili Ebrahim Asghari Kaljahi
        10.22034/jest.2019.32338.4030
        Background and Objective: Uncontrolled urban expansion in country cause to increasing of waste production in the cities and became to an important issue despite the progress of science and technology. The purpose of this study is to investigate and select a suitable loc More
        Background and Objective: Uncontrolled urban expansion in country cause to increasing of waste production in the cities and became to an important issue despite the progress of science and technology. The purpose of this study is to investigate and select a suitable location for landfill in Malekan city. Method: In this study, the required criteria including lithology, land use, vegetation, soil characteristics, topography (slope), distances from urban areas and away from the main road, the main and secondary canals, residential areas, wells and aqueducts, faults have been identified and collected. To form a pair wise comparison matrix and the weight of information layers determined by using of the Expert Choice 11 software and analytic hierarchy process. Then the appropriate zones have been modeled by overlaying of different layers in GIS media. Findings: It was found that the current waste disposal site of Malekan city does not have sufficient conditions for waste disposal and in order to select a suitable location, in addition to addressing the impact of the included criteria, it is necessary to use field visits and environmental assessments to finally select the most suitable place for landfilling. Discussion and Conclusion: As a result, 8 zones have been selected that 4 of them were eliminated based on field visits. Finally in order to planning of the studied area waste, the candidate zones were evaluated by the Leopold matrix and finally the zone number 4 located on the east of Qalejogh village has been selected as a best location for landfill of Malekan urban waste. Manuscript profile
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        81 - Optimizing the Environmental Impacts of the Construction Industry with Multi-Mode Activities: The Iranian Leopold Matrix Method
        Sayyid ali Banihashemi Mohammad Khalilzadeh Alireza Shahraki Mohsen Rostami M. Seyed Saeedreza Ahmadizade
        10.30495/jest.2021.49836.4937
        Background and Objective: The construction industry and the implementation of civil engineering projects are considered as one of the causes of environmental pollution. Considering the destructive effects and the contaminants created by the implementation of the develop More
        Background and Objective: The construction industry and the implementation of civil engineering projects are considered as one of the causes of environmental pollution. Considering the destructive effects and the contaminants created by the implementation of the development plans, it is necessary to evaluate the environmental impacts and identify them in order to reduce the impacts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental impacts of the rural water supply project in Birjand city using the Leopold Matrix Method of Iran.Method: In this study, the environmental impacts of rural water supply project implementation in Birjand city during the year 2019 and in two physical-chemical and biological environments and in the construction phase were evaluated using Iranian matrix method. To this end, various implementation modes have been formulated to evaluate the environmental impacts of the project activities and a Leopold Matrix has been developed for each of them.Findings: The results showed that the average environmental impacts during construction in the 7 execution modes were -1.58, -1.95, -2.15, -2.5, -2, -2.21 and -2.22. Also, the number of environmental impacts on surface and groundwater pollution are highest and protected areas are least.Discussion and Conclusion: According to the analysis performed in none of the seven matrices and columns examined for the executable states, the average rankings were not found to be less than -3.1. So the project execution the supply is approved. To minimize the impacts, the lowest environmental impacts of each activity were selected, which would mean the average environmental impact of the whole project -1.52. Manuscript profile
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        82 - The impact of personality phases of managers of mutual funds on smart money by considering the moderating role of manager's financial intelligence
        bahareh heidari moghadam mirfeiz fallahshams gholamreza Zomorodian
        This study is aimed to investigate the effect of the 5 personality phases of managers of mutual funds in dealing with smart money by using the structural equation model. Meanwhile, managers' financial intelligence has also been examined as a moderating variable. This su More
        This study is aimed to investigate the effect of the 5 personality phases of managers of mutual funds in dealing with smart money by using the structural equation model. Meanwhile, managers' financial intelligence has also been examined as a moderating variable. This survey is carried out by collecting statistics from all mutual funds. This analysis was carried out in 1399 and all data have been collected from mutual funds during that time. Five studied phases of personality are: Hypomania, Psychopathic Deviate, Psychasthenia, Paranoia, Depression.The results show that out of the five personality phases studied, four of them have a significant relationship with smart money and there is no significant relationship between only one personality phase and smart money. Also, the moderating role of financial intelligence was accepted only concerning one type of personality phase( Hypomania,) and concerning the other four personality phases(Psychopathic Deviate, Psychasthenia , Paranoia, Depression), the effect of the moderating variable was not confirmed. Manuscript profile
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        83 - Latent Volatility Modeling and Bayesian Analysis of stochastic Volatility of Intraday Data of Tehran Stock Exchange Index Based on Markov Monte Carlo Chain
        Saeed Shahriyari Peyman Iman zadeh Mehdi Khoshnood
        In this study, latent volatility modeling and Bayesian analysis of stochastic Volatility of intraday data of Tehran Stock Exchange index based on Markov Monte Carlo chain in uncertainty conditions (downward crisis of stock market index) have been developed. The method o More
        In this study, latent volatility modeling and Bayesian analysis of stochastic Volatility of intraday data of Tehran Stock Exchange index based on Markov Monte Carlo chain in uncertainty conditions (downward crisis of stock market index) have been developed. The method of the current research is a correlational description. For this purpose, at first, the distribution of the logarithm of the squared return as a measure of the realized volatilities was simulated using the stochastic Volatility model to obtain the latent volatilities, and then by using the hybrid MCMC-Copula model, the parameters affecting the stochastic Volatilities were identified and estimated in the training phase. Finally, using the results obtained from the training phase, in the test phase, the comparison of Copula and GARCH models was done. The results showed that the Copula Gumble, Galambos, Joe, Clayton and Frank provide similar and lower MSE and RMSE indices than the GARCH base model, and therefore the model based on copula provides the possibility of serial dependence in the latent volatility process. The findings of the current research can be useful for financial and investment companies for portfolio management and portfolio management in different conditions of market volatilities in order to achieve the investor's goals and increase the value of the portfolio. Manuscript profile
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        84 - Portfolio optimization by using the Copula Approach and multivariate conditional value at risk in Tehran Stock Exchange
        Mirfeiz Fallahshams Amir Sadeghi
        One of the main problems of shareholders in the stock market is the discovery, quantification and calculation of market risk. In many studies, one-way distributions are used to estimate risk metrics that usually do not give credible results to the investor. Because the More
        One of the main problems of shareholders in the stock market is the discovery, quantification and calculation of market risk. In many studies, one-way distributions are used to estimate risk metrics that usually do not give credible results to the investor. Because the distribution of assets is generally a broad sequence, and the results of computations are not acceptable for the consideration of the univariate normal distribution and the use of parametric methods. In this paper, using the Coppola theory, we calculate risk-weighted value (VaR) and conditional value-at-risk (CVaR). After estimating the multivariate T- Copula and the normal distribution of multivariate, the Monte Carlo method is used to generate a scenario for calculating the variance of the portfolio as well as risk estimation. Also, the calculations performed using the loss function method are tested and the accuracy of the approximations is verified. Finally, the minimum value of the copula based on the variance of the portfolio as well as its CVaR value is considered as the function of the portfolio planning, and the optimal portfolio is obtained by considering the weight of each share index. In the calculation of the 1200 index, we consider a sample basket of different industries, by calculating VaR and CVaR with confidence levels of 95 and 99 percent. The results obtained from the efficiency and reliability of the Monte Carlo simulation by the Copula T-Student versus the normalized multivariate distribution. Manuscript profile
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        85 - Legal analysis of the fiscal regime of IPC upstream contracts in the oil and gas industry in Iran.
        Alireza Hasanalizadeh ali zare Mehdi Montazer
        This research focuses on the legal analysis of the fiscal regime of IPC upstream contracts in the oil and gas industry in Iran. Due to the short lifespan of buyback contracts and the consequent non-perseverance of their production, as well as being unattractive to forei More
        This research focuses on the legal analysis of the fiscal regime of IPC upstream contracts in the oil and gas industry in Iran. Due to the short lifespan of buyback contracts and the consequent non-perseverance of their production, as well as being unattractive to foreign contractors, new oil contracts called IPCs aim to attract foreign investment, transfer technology, produce protection from reservoirs and increase the recycle coefficient as well as increase presence in international markets by way of creation of domestic exploration and production companies. The new oil contracts are in essence the improved version of buyback contracts. The new model for the new oil contracts is the risk associated services type, and it captures different facets of the oil industry (exploration, development and production). In the new oil contracts, costs are determined annually based on field behavior and through negotiations, the fiscal structure of these contracts is comprised of government revenue and oil costs. Oil costs consist of direct investment costs, indirect costs, cost of money, operational costs and salaries. The payback of direct investment costs happens in 5 to 7 year installments and other costs as and the contractor remuneration are reimbursed from the place of 50% of the field revenue. Payback will commence after production begins. The contractor remuneration is based on daily production (fee per barrel). the fiscal regime in the new oil contracts is a factor that seeks to strike a balance between the conflicting interests of the parties to the contract. Manuscript profile
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        86 - Comparative Analysis of the Financial Regime of New Petroleum Contracts, Known as IPC, and Buyback Trade in Terms of Costs
        Alireza Hasanalizadeh ali zarea mahdi montazer
        One of the key components of contracts is the associated charges. This paper studies types of costs in buyback and the new petroleum contracts for the first time. Buyback contracts are financially comprised of capital expenditure, non-capital expenditure, project’ More
        One of the key components of contracts is the associated charges. This paper studies types of costs in buyback and the new petroleum contracts for the first time. Buyback contracts are financially comprised of capital expenditure, non-capital expenditure, project’s financing cost, operating cost and remuneration. The most important difference between the new petroleum contracts and the buyback contracts is the longer duration of the new petroleum contracts as well as the presence of the contractor during the period of operation. The financial structure of these contracts is comprised of government revenue and oil cost and the oil cost is comprised of direct capital expenditure, indirect cost, cost of money, operating cost and remuneration. Unlike the buyback contracts, direct capital expenditure in the new petroleum contracts has no specified ceiling from the outset and it is determined on an annual basis in consideration of the behavior of reservoir and market conditions (inputs). Cost of money has been provisioned in the new petroleum contracts for project financing and this item is defined in the buyback contracts as “bank charge”. In contrast to the buyback contracts in which all direct and indirect expenses incurred by contractor were subject to interest, in the new petroleum contracts, only indirect expenses and delay in repayment of expenses on due date are subject to interest. Manuscript profile
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        87 - Designing the bank deposit forecasting model based on behavioral accounting and money market
        Ahmad Aghazadeh Kamakli sina kherdyar Mohammad Reza Azadehdel
        The main purpose of this study is to provide a model to explain the factors affecting the amount of bank deposits with respect to internal and external factors. The research is of applied type and is performed qualitatively with grounded theory technique. Data were coll More
        The main purpose of this study is to provide a model to explain the factors affecting the amount of bank deposits with respect to internal and external factors. The research is of applied type and is performed qualitatively with grounded theory technique. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Theoretical sampling continued until the categories were saturated. And ten depositors were interviewed. Then, based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin theories in three main steps of open coding, axial coding and selective coding, the bank deposit forecasting model with emphasis on behavioral accounting and money market was presented. Finally, the validity of the developed theory was examined. The results show that the central category of the model is the behavior of depositors. Preservation of the value of money, security of capital, banking services, ease of access, social effects are called causal conditions. The role of parallel markets and customer characteristics are considered as conditions involved. The conditions of the Islamic society, the role of the government and the economic structure of the country are the background conditions. Manuscript profile
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        88 - Modeling risk in accordance with the financing structure in the money market based on probabilistic decision theory
        hamidreza iravani hamidreza kordlouieuie narges yazdanian
        has not been raised in recent years, but has been the focus of researchers in recent decades. Different sources of financing make it possible to make the desired investment and can increase the wealth of shareholders. Therefore, considering the importance of risk in the More
        has not been raised in recent years, but has been the focus of researchers in recent decades. Different sources of financing make it possible to make the desired investment and can increase the wealth of shareholders. Therefore, considering the importance of risk in the financing structure, the purpose of this study is to model risk in accordance with the financing structure in the money market based on probabilistic decision theory. In terms of research method, this research is in the category of descriptive-analytical research of the time series type. The statistical population of the study is experts in the field of financial management of banks. In this study, after reviewing various literature in the fields of financial risks and financial ratios of banks, the most important risks were identified. A combination of two methods was used to collect data. By using the library method of the subject literature; A theoretical framework and background were provided for the research, and in the second stage, we modeled by collecting the opinions of experts. In this study, after collecting information, Ahp technique was used. The results showed that systematic risk has the highest priority. Liquidity risk is in the second priority. Income distribution risk in the third priority, operational risk in the fourth priority, capital risk in the fifth priority, credit risk in the sixth priority,Market risk in the seventh priority,Competition risk in the Eighth priority andMarket liquidity risk in the last priority. has it. Manuscript profile
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        89 - Explaining the behavioral model of depositors (components suggestions and outcomes(
        Ahmad aghazadeh kamakoly sina kherdyar Mohammadreza azadehdel
        10.30495/jik.2024.23168
        the main purpose of this study is estimating the behavioral model of depositors in terms of component ssuggestions and outcomes .the purpose of this study is practical and integrated with grounded theory and structural equation modeling. the data were collected through More
        the main purpose of this study is estimating the behavioral model of depositors in terms of component ssuggestions and outcomes .the purpose of this study is practical and integrated with grounded theory and structural equation modeling. the data were collected through semi structured interviews and questionnaire. The theoretical sampling continued until the filling of categories. then based on the theory of the theory of Strauss and Corbin in three main steps of open coding, coding based and selective coding, bank deposit prediction pattern with emphasis on behavioral accounting and money market were presented. the results showed that among ali conditions, capital security has the highest impact on depositors ' behavior after that, bank services have a significant impact on depositors ' behaviour and ease of access. also, the context conditions that include the islamic society, the role of government and economic structure have a significant impact on bank competition and performance. the involved conditions that have a significant impact on the competition and performance of the bank and economy have a significant impact on bank competition and performance. The conditions involved include the role of parallel markets and customer attributes. it has a significant impact on bank competition and performance. finally, the competitiveness and improvement of bank performance on economic growth and economic growth have a significant impact. Manuscript profile
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        90 - The role of organizational risk management in the money laundering risk of organizations
        SAEED AMIRI Rasoul ABDI asgar pakmaram yagob aghdam mazrea
        Money laundering is an illegal activity in which the proceeds of wrongdoing enter the global economy and gain legal legitimacy. The effects of money laundering on the economy can be mitigated by planning programs and solutions. This phenomenon causes serious damage to a More
        Money laundering is an illegal activity in which the proceeds of wrongdoing enter the global economy and gain legal legitimacy. The effects of money laundering on the economy can be mitigated by planning programs and solutions. This phenomenon causes serious damage to a country's economy in the long run, and the existence of money laundering in a country's economy indicates a structural weakness in that country's economy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to predict the causal relationships between organizational risk management structures (control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication and monitoring) and money laundering risk of organizations. The statistical population of this study includes company managers, auditors and faculty members of universities (experts in the field of capital market, banking and auditing) and a standard questionnaire was used to collect data. After performing the reliability and validity tests of the sample data, the relevant analyzes were performed based on the structural equation modeling approach. The results showed that money laundering risk of organizations is affected by organizational risk management structures (control environment and information and communication). Manuscript profile
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        91 - Investigation Of The Relationship Between Corporate Governance And Profitability Indexes Of Investment In Iranian Commercial Banks.
        mohamad ebrahim mohamadpur zarandi Mehrzad Minouie hamid tabaiezadeh fesharaki
        This paper focuses on the corporate governance and profitability indexes of investment in iranian commercial banks. In this paper we discuss the state of corporate governance in Iranian commercial banks and try to find a link between corporate governance mechanisms and More
        This paper focuses on the corporate governance and profitability indexes of investment in iranian commercial banks. In this paper we discuss the state of corporate governance in Iranian commercial banks and try to find a link between corporate governance mechanisms and those indexes. We found that there are some relationships between auditing quality measures, characteristics of CEO and board of directors as measures of corporate governance mechanisms and asset quality measures, efficiency measures, profitability measures, liquidity measures and capital sufficiency as measures of profitability indexesof investment in Iranian commercial banks. We report that the finding can improve the governance roles and performance evaluation of Iranian commercial Banks. Manuscript profile
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        92 - Investigating the Impact of Financial Freedom and Investment on Tax Evasion: A Quantile Regression Approach
        Naser Yousefnezhad Ali Akbar Farzinfar Hossein jabbari mehdi safari griyly Hasan Ghodrati
        Taxes play a key role in combining government revenues and can help governments achieve the three goals of resource allocation, revenue distribution, and economic stability. There are several factors that affect tax evasion, one of the most important of which is the ope More
        Taxes play a key role in combining government revenues and can help governments achieve the three goals of resource allocation, revenue distribution, and economic stability. There are several factors that affect tax evasion, one of the most important of which is the openness of markets (financial freedom and freedom of investment). Therefore, in this study, the effect of financial freedoms and investment on tax evasion in the period 2000-2020 has been studied using the quantitative regression method. The results of model estimation show that higher monetary freedom (low inflation), financial freedom and investment freedom have negative, positive and negative effects on tax evasion, respectively. Also, the impact of property rights on tax evasion is negative and significant, and the guarantee of personal property by the government has reduced the rate of tax evasion. In addition, rule of law also has a significant negative impact on tax evasion. Because the rule of law is high, it increases people's confidence in the strict implementation of laws, especially tax laws, and reduces the possibility of tax evasion. At the significance level of 5%, the impact of government spending and the agricultural sector share variable (percentage of GDP) on tax evasion was positive but not statistically significant. In contrast, the effect of religion (percentage of Muslim population) and unemployment rate on tax evasion are negative, positive and significant, respectively. Manuscript profile
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        93 - portfolio optimization based on modeling of dependence structure and extreme value theory
        mohamad safaei alireza saranj Mehdi Zolfaghari
        Investigating the probablility of rare events occurring (events that occur with very low probability) is an important issue in portfolio risk management. extreme value theory of value provides the mathematical basis for modeling these events and calculating the risk cri More
        Investigating the probablility of rare events occurring (events that occur with very low probability) is an important issue in portfolio risk management. extreme value theory of value provides the mathematical basis for modeling these events and calculating the risk criteria associated with them, such as the value at risk. The purpose of this paper is to model the dependency structure andextreme value theory of 10 foreign exchange companies of Tehran Stock Exchange (Persian Gulf Holding, Bandar Abbas Refinery, Mobarakeh Steel, Topico, Ghadir, Parsian Oil and Gas, Melli Mes, Gol Gohar, Mobile Communications, Chadormelo).The results indicated the fact that among the stock returns of the top 10 companies evaluated, it is possible that using extreme value theory of value using vine Copula functions, the results of the forecast were greatly increased. Results of the copula function in six modes: simple Copula (t), time-varying Copula (tDCC), and Gaussian distribution-based time-varying Copula (GDCC). tvSJC) was investigated. In all six cases, the use of the Copula -wine method increased the accuracy in predicting optimal stock returns. Manuscript profile
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        94 - The Analysis and Test of Spillover and Volatility of Global Markets for Petrochemical Products and Base Metals (Based on Copula family models)
        Mahsa Banakar Hashem nikoomaram Hasan Ghalibaf Asl Mehrzad Minouie
        Fluctuations in commodity prices in global markets have always influenced the behavior and decisions of investors in financial markets. In this research, using the Copula family models, financial contagion or volatility spillover on global price of petrochemical product More
        Fluctuations in commodity prices in global markets have always influenced the behavior and decisions of investors in financial markets. In this research, using the Copula family models, financial contagion or volatility spillover on global price of petrochemical products and base metals on the on the stock price index of eight selected industries of Tehran Stock Exchange listed companies during a period of 10 years (2008-2018) has been reviewed. The research method is descriptive-analytical in nature and applied in terms of purpose. The research hypotheses were tested using an econometric approach based on Copula models and programming in MATLAB software. The results show that the effects of overflow of these variables on the index of selected industries are significant but different.Examination of different models of Copula method showed that T-Student model is most suitable for transmitting spillover effects, which indicates the symmetrical effects of price variables in global markets of petrochemical products and base metals on the index performance of selected industries. And then Clayton and Gumble models are in the next rank. Manuscript profile
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        95 - Lending fluctuations in modeling monetary policy relationships, capital structure and banks' risk-taking
        ایوب تابانی حسین بدیعی Saeed Moradpour محمد حسین رنجبر
        Monetary policy can affect the position of banks, including their risk-taking. In implementing monetary policy, the central bank can directly use its regulatory power or indirectly use its influence on money market conditions as a powerful money issuer. Therefore, the p More
        Monetary policy can affect the position of banks, including their risk-taking. In implementing monetary policy, the central bank can directly use its regulatory power or indirectly use its influence on money market conditions as a powerful money issuer. Therefore, the purpose of this study is lending fluctuations in modeling the relationship between monetary policy, capital structure and banks' risk-taking. In this study, the financial information of 21 banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1391 to 1397 was used. Sampling was performed by systematic removal method. The required data were collected from the financial statements of companies, Rahavard Novin Tadbir Pardaz software and also from the site belonging to the Stock Exchange Organization and the sites www.rdis.ir and www.irbourse.com as well as the site of the Central Bank. . Excel software has been used to classify the data. Also, after classifying the research data, Eviews10 software has been used to process the information and test the research hypotheses. The statistical method used in this study was correlational and multivariate regression model was used to calculate the independent and dependent variables and also to test the hypotheses. The results of testing the research hypotheses indicate that there is a significant relationship between monetary policy, bank lending fluctuations, capital structure and banks' risk-taking. In the study of control variables, the determination of the ratio of assets to equity of banks has a significant relationship with fluctuations in bank lending. Manuscript profile
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        96 - Investigating the Relationship between Acquired Factors and Monetary Disorders (Case Study: Banks of Tehran Stock Exchange)
        Dariush Omidi Ghasemabad Sina Kheradyar Fazel Mohammadi Ebrahim Chirani
        The present study investigates the relationship between acquired factors and monetary disorders for the first time in Iran. The statistical population of the banks are members of the Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample size is based on new methods based on experiments and More
        The present study investigates the relationship between acquired factors and monetary disorders for the first time in Iran. The statistical population of the banks are members of the Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample size is based on new methods based on experiments and using sample power software and according to the type of research relationship hypothesis which is a combination of two scale variables but abnormal, Spearman test has been used. The first hypothesis of the research based on the relationship between the two variables of financial knowledge and monetary disorders showed that there is no significant relationship between these two variables and the first hypothesis of the research was not accepted. However, based on the results, the second hypothesis has a significant relationship between the variables of attitude to planning and monetary disorders, which shows a negative relationship between the variables. The second hypothesis was accepted as research. Therefore, based on the acquired origin of variables has monetary disorders. Manuscript profile
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        97 - Application of Copula and Simulated Returns in the Portfolio Optimization with Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)
        Esmaeil Lalegani Mostafa Zehtabian
        Several studies have confirmed with using criteria appropriate to the structure and characteristics of the data, the performance of the models significantly improved. The Copula function is one of the models in determining the relationship between variables has attracte More
        Several studies have confirmed with using criteria appropriate to the structure and characteristics of the data, the performance of the models significantly improved. The Copula function is one of the models in determining the relationship between variables has attracted a lot of attention. In this study, we investigated the portfolio of TSE industry indexes optimized to minimize the Conditional Value at Risk, simulated data based on Copula function and generalized Pareto distribution as input. The statistical analyzes implies portfolio performance improves significantly. Since the Copula functions are diverse, Compare the impact of any one risk reduction is recommended.     Manuscript profile
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        98 - The Effects of Governmental Monetary Policy Changes on Investment in Islamic Countries
        Reza Islami Ghodratallah Talebnia Hamid Reza Vakilifard Nemat Alah Mousavi
        Investment is counted as motivate of economic growth and development and is the fundamental economic purpose in every country. Recognition of effects of monetary and financial policy on economic activities needed to cognition of these policies and there instruments. The More
        Investment is counted as motivate of economic growth and development and is the fundamental economic purpose in every country. Recognition of effects of monetary and financial policy on economic activities needed to cognition of these policies and there instruments. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of changes in monetary policy of governments on investment, selected from Islamic countries using the method of econometric estimation of panel data over the period 2015-2000. The results of this study indicate that interest rates on government bonds have a negative and significant effect and banking credit has positively and significantly effect on investment in Islamic countries, while deposit interest rate has no significant effect on investment. Based on the results, economic growth and trade significantly increased investment. Therefore, according to the research results of Islamic countries, with the growth of economic growth and the volume of trade, including exports and imports, especially the import of capital goods and intermediaries, they can have a direct impact on investment. Therefore interest rate and deposit interest rate can not be suitable monetary policy instruments in Islamic countries. While banking credit can significantly affects investment. Manuscript profile
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        99 - The effect of prior performance of investors on stock price based on Prospect theory
        Mohammad Kaffash Panjeshahi Farrokh Barzideh
        In this article utility of investors contains utility from consumption and utility from fluctuations in their investments. To prove the effect of prior performance of investors on stock price first the utility function was defined based on Prospect theory and variables More
        In this article utility of investors contains utility from consumption and utility from fluctuations in their investments. To prove the effect of prior performance of investors on stock price first the utility function was defined based on Prospect theory and variables relating to prior outcomes and loss aversion were factored into utility function and then price equations were defined. In the other form, variables relating to prior performance in utility function were removed and price equations were defined. Next, the P/D ratio and logarithmic growth of stock prices were simulated in both forms and compared against real market data. By utilizing ANOVA and K-Means in the 1381-1393 period, it became clear that the mean and standard deviation in the first form are closer to real market data than those of the second form, meaning that removing variables relating to investors' prior returns from the utility function resulted in weaker estimates, the effect of prior investment performance of investors was confirmed Manuscript profile
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        100 - Evaluation the Effects of Monetary and Fiscal Policy and Iindustry Growth on Changes of Tehran Security Exchange Index
        Usef Ahadi Sarkani Masoumeh Ghasempour
        The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between macroeconomics variables and Tehran Exchange Price Index. In other words in this article in order to extend the previous studies, the interpretation of three categories of monetary and fiscal policies and More
        The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between macroeconomics variables and Tehran Exchange Price Index. In other words in this article in order to extend the previous studies, the interpretation of three categories of monetary and fiscal policies and industrial development on the growth of the capital market is considered. For this purpose we have analyzed the relationship between some macroeconomic variables such as Liquidity, tax and industrial production index with Total Price Index and seasonal data since 1994 till 2014. In this study the relationship between variables have been estimated by using regression analysis and method of ordinary lease squares. After controlling for regression assumptions including Outliers, Normal distribution for the dependent variable, Homogeneity of variance, non autocorrelation; the results indicate there are positive and significant relationship between liquidity and the industrial production index with Total Price Index and there are negative relationship between taxes and total Price Index. Among other indicators used in the study considerable significant relationship was found with Tehran Exchange Price Index. These results suggest the neutralizing effects of both monetary and fiscal policy on the Tehran Exchange Price Index and confirm the impact of industrial sector development on stock index Manuscript profile
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        101 - Examining the Effect of Shocks in Monetary and Fiscal Policy on Value Added of Industry and Mining Sector in Iran
        Alireza Baradaran Gholamreza Zomorodian
        Industry is one of the important parts of the countrys economic that attention to it is the goals of developed and developing countries. In Iran, according to the Statistics, Industries and Mines sector has been allocated about 25 percent of GDP to itself. Despite this More
        Industry is one of the important parts of the countrys economic that attention to it is the goals of developed and developing countries. In Iran, according to the Statistics, Industries and Mines sector has been allocated about 25 percent of GDP to itself. Despite this contribution, the industry during the implementation of development programs and policies of adjustment and stabilization has been effected from macro-economic policies, especially monetary and fiscal policies. With this approach, the present study has been investigated the effect of shocks in monetary and fiscal policy on value added of industry and mining sector in Iran during 1991-2013. To reach this goal, firstly the monetary and fiscal policy shocks was modeled in framework of Hodrick and Prescott filter. Then using the ARDL model, the effects of monetary and fiscal policy shocks on value added of industry and mining sector along with variables such as net capital stock of industries and mines, labor employed in this sector and the costs of education were examined. The results of this study showed that a positive shock of monetary and fiscal policy has a direct impact on the value added of industry sector; But the negative shock of monetary and fiscal policy, has a negative effect on the value added of the industry. The results also revealed that the capital stock and labor employed in industry and mining sector have a positive effect on the value added of this sector. Accordingly, it can be said that 10 percent increase in the capital stock and labor, increase the value-added of industry sector 7.3 and 5.6 percent in the long term, respectively.  Finally, the results indicated that per capita government spending on education has also a positive impact on the value added of industry sector; So that 10 percent increase in per capita government spending, increase the value-added of industry sector 3.4 percent in the long term. Manuscript profile
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        102 - Styles of Financial Regulation in Iran & U.K
        Hossein Monavari Mohammad Rasekh
        Regulation is a relatively recent method in exercising sovereignty by a government. The first step of regulation is taken when the governmentintervenes to uphold public interests and the rights of individuals in economy. Regulation is nowa recognized theory of governmen More
        Regulation is a relatively recent method in exercising sovereignty by a government. The first step of regulation is taken when the governmentintervenes to uphold public interests and the rights of individuals in economy. Regulation is nowa recognized theory of government.  The importanceof financial markets in economics for securing short-term and long term financial sources forproducers and the government is such that weakness or lack of regulation in the financialmarket has been recognized as the main reason for many contemporary global economiccrises. Proper analysis of the performance and objectives of regulation in financial marketsrequires a study of governmental styles of intervention and their various means ofimplementation therein. In the present paper, the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United Kingdom have been selected withrespect to their completely different starting points in their approach to regulation of financialmarkets and a comparison is drawn between the legal, political and economic contexts for theformation of financial markets and their regulation, the various relevant processes that shapethe relations between government, regulators, financial market operators and the publicinterest within the regulatory framework. The study yields that the political economy and economic setting of a state forms the basis for the regulatory style applied to financial markets. The integrated regulation of the financial market and capital in the United Kingdom and the multifactorial, mandated regulation in Iran are the result of these settings. There exists a significant need for integrated management of capital and financial markets and in Iran, which should be focused on realizing proper privatization and making financial resources available. In the UK, dynamic styles and a broad spectrum of different regulators has secured privatization and a strong financial market despite rapid alterations to laws and in the face of the crises the state has faced Manuscript profile
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        103 - Application of Taylor's Rule in Iran Economy and Policies influence from Real Estate Market
        Alireza Erfani Smaeil Shamsiyan
        The central bank's behavior towards its four targets is subject that has occupied the minds of many economists. This research tries to find rules governing the monetary policy makers. Then two main goals of stable inflation and growth rate of national products selected. More
        The central bank's behavior towards its four targets is subject that has occupied the minds of many economists. This research tries to find rules governing the monetary policy makers. Then two main goals of stable inflation and growth rate of national products selected. In the other hands, according to significance of real estate market fluctuations controlling, Central Bank has a great task. Then it has an active role and real estate price growth comes in the model similar Taylor Rule model. Resulting with quarters data 1371:1-1391:4 show that growth rate of national products and it's fluctuations are many important and their coefficients are significant but the others are not. Central Bank can predict those fluctuations and react them, but it's reaction for after two periods is pro-cyclic. Manuscript profile
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        104 - Evaluating and Prioritizing of the Risk of Money Laundering Criteria (Case Study: Refah Bank)
        Soodabeh Jafarzadeh Ahmadreza Ghasemi
        Money laundering is any action for hiding or changing the form of incomes with criminal identity in a way that they are pretended to be legal. Financial, accounting and legal tools were used. In this process as means of changing nature, identity, form and illegal assess More
        Money laundering is any action for hiding or changing the form of incomes with criminal identity in a way that they are pretended to be legal. Financial, accounting and legal tools were used. In this process as means of changing nature, identity, form and illegal assessing. The main objective of this study is evaluating and prioritizing risk indicators of money laundering of customers of Refah Bank. Data were collected from managers and experts who were familiar with money laundering issue and its criteria. In order to data analysis BWM technique was used. The results of prioritizing of 12 research's criteria indicated that "The amount of the first deposit at the opening of an account" and "The use of non-public services" from "Bank account" cluster was located in first and second priority. According to these results and given the economic and social disadvantages of money laundering, the sensitivity to the matching and proportionality of the first amount of deposit at the opening of the account with the type of the customer business and his/her economic activity, as well as the willingness of the customer to use non-public services such as Telephone, swift and the Internet can be considered as a warning to the phenomenon of money laundering. At the end, some practical suggestions and strategies for managers and some suggestions for future research have been developed.     Manuscript profile
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        105 - Economic Analysis of the Possibility of a Tax on Bank Deposits
        Alireza Erfani Hamidreza Kordlouie Smaeil Shamsiyan
        In recent years, the debate over taxes on deposits or it’s profits, each time has been seriously attacked by the newspapers and news agencies. These criticisms and objections, although do not support with the scientific and practical evidences, but official author More
        In recent years, the debate over taxes on deposits or it’s profits, each time has been seriously attacked by the newspapers and news agencies. These criticisms and objections, although do not support with the scientific and practical evidences, but official authorities always and quickly deny it. They believe that negative real interest rates on bank deposits in recent years and negative effect of tax on those rates is cause of evasion and movement of funds from the banking system to non-productive markets. This research is based on theoretical analysis; First it informs taxation’s proofs with logical evidences, Then surveys proofs of critics and rejects them. In this paper, We will prove the necessity of being accessible and easier tax on deposits, then we will deny capital and deposits flighting of the banking system. In this research, money is like blood in the body and financial system specially banks is a blood’s circular system and capitals get banks off when money destroy, hoard or go abroad. Manuscript profile
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        106 - Investigating the Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Real Currency Value on Iran's Stock Exchange
        Masoume Karimi Gholamreza Zomorodian
        Money and monetary policy, on the one hand, are the source of economic activity and on the other hand, the value of money and the speed of its circulation are influenced by the conditions and economic activities. According to many scholars, the criterion of the importan More
        Money and monetary policy, on the one hand, are the source of economic activity and on the other hand, the value of money and the speed of its circulation are influenced by the conditions and economic activities. According to many scholars, the criterion of the importance of money is that it can have a decisive impact on the economical structure of the countries. Along with this approach the present study is looking for to determine and quantify the effect of the real value of money on Iran's gross domestic product, it will be a useful guide for policy makers to properly plan future programs. According to objectives this research is practical and according to the methodology inductive reasoning and the research design is retrospective study; the time period for doing this research is 1991- 2016. In this study, inferential statistics were used to analyze the relationship between variables. Accordingly, based on theoretical foundations and various studies which have been carried out both inside and outside the country, all the variables that influenced the Iran Stock Exchange were identified.In the following, according to the statistical characteristics of the variables, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag(ARDL) was selected as an appropriate econometric model. Based on the real value of money, short-term and long-term money does not have a significant effect on gross domestic product; but government expenditures, exports, imports and exchange rates have a positive and significant impact on Iran Stock Exchange over the short term and in the long termperiod. The results also indicated that the error correction model (ECM) coefficient in the study was about 0. 347; in other words, about 34.7 percent of the Iran Stock Exchange's imbalance variable from its long-term values disappears after a period of time. Accordingly, if the Iran Stock Exchange exits from the initial equilibrium due to the shock, 3 courses of time are needed to correct short-term imbalances and gross domestic product will return to the original long-term equilibrium. Manuscript profile
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        107 - Pictorial Poetry in Persian and French Literature
        Mahboubeh Fahim Kalam Parisa Qobadi Asl
        "Pictorial poetry" is a kind of poetry in which the lexicon (words) play an important role in depicting the images and the reader recreates the poetry by juxtaposition and word combination. In this kind of poetry the type of clipping of vocal and lexical as well as clip More
        "Pictorial poetry" is a kind of poetry in which the lexicon (words) play an important role in depicting the images and the reader recreates the poetry by juxtaposition and word combination. In this kind of poetry the type of clipping of vocal and lexical as well as clipping the verses are shown which express the poetry content or its imagery. This paper attempts to study various samples of ancient pictorial poetries, Persian and French contemporary (especially Guillaume Apollinaire calligrams) poetries comparatively in order to point out the mutual effects of pictorial poetries of French and Persian in different eras. Manuscript profile
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        108 - Educational Values in Ahmad Zaki Abu Shadi’s Poetry According to Romantic Meanings
        Roya Izad Doust Zahra Khosravi Soheila Qasimi Tarshizi
        10.30495/clq.2021.685282
        Ahmad Zaki Abu Shadi (1892) is one of the leading poets in the field of Romantic school in Arabic literature who sometimes tried to express the educational themes in poetry in addition to romantic principles. He is the child of an age in which the struggle for liberatio More
        Ahmad Zaki Abu Shadi (1892) is one of the leading poets in the field of Romantic school in Arabic literature who sometimes tried to express the educational themes in poetry in addition to romantic principles. He is the child of an age in which the struggle for liberation from colonialism was carried out full – blooded; thus, he portrayed some of the moral recommendations and human values ​​in the form of in – text infrastructures; one can become aware of the characteristics of romantic poetry in the Arab society by reading his poetries. Educational poetry refers to those couplets whose poetic purpose is to teach moral values ​​and human beliefs. This descriptive – analytical article intends to show in what field and how the educational teachings of the mentioned poet were reflected. The most important results indicate that the moral propositions he sought in religious discourse were presented through intertextual relations and beautiful descriptions, while in expressing social and political issues he tended to symbolism more than any other literary trick.    Manuscript profile
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        109 - The place of women in the family from Pols and Qoranic view point
        Delara Nemati Pir Ali Raheleh Kardovani
        Abstract The religious sources and texts are the most important factors of determining human,s outlook.motivation and action about different subjects.And the holy book as a religious text and authentic reference has been the source of drawing out eliciting different in More
        Abstract The religious sources and texts are the most important factors of determining human,s outlook.motivation and action about different subjects.And the holy book as a religious text and authentic reference has been the source of drawing out eliciting different instructions and percepts about women during the history of Christianity has determined and described their positions in different fields in the life, Pols.s letters.as the most important feature in the formation of the current Christianity.form a considerable part in the new Testament and in his instructions.he owes the instructions of the old Testament and particularly the journey of Pentateuch arising. the instructions of this part of Pentateuch is the origin of eliciting special percepts in the field of women matters by Pols which have had some instructions and privations that the holy Qoran never verity them during the history of Christianity.  Manuscript profile
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        110 - مقایسه ی روش کشت و واکنش زنجیره‌ای پلیمراز در شیوع هلیکوباکتر پولوروم جدا شده از نمونه های کبد مرغ و تعیین مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی جدایه های بدست آمده
        اشکان جبلی جوان سید حسام الدین عمادی چاشمی حمید استاجی حسین اخلاقی
        10.30495/jvm.2021.1904777.1141
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        111 - جداسازی و شناسایی گونه‌های انتروکوکوس جداشده از شیر خام شتر تک کوهانه ایرانی (Camelus dromedarius) و بررسی خواص تکنولوژیکی آن
        نفیسه دعوتی فریده طباطبایی یزدی سعید زیبائی فخری شهیدی محمد رضا عدالتیان
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        112 - بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی تحت تیپ های مایکوباکتریوم بوویس در ایران توسط روش اسپولیگوتایپینگ و PCR-RFLP
        پویان خالقیان کیوان تدین پریسا فرنیا نادر مصوری محدثه مظفری زهرا درخشانی نژاد روح اله کشاورز شجاعت دشتی پور محمد رضا مسجدی علی اکبر ولایتی رایناک قادری سامد برومندفر
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        113 - بررسی عملکرد شورای حقوق بشر در خاورمیانه تحت تاثیر رقابت های ژئوپولیتیکی
        جواد عزیزی خیرالله پروین مصطفی سراجی
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        114 - الگوی شکل‌گیری بحران‌های ژئوپولتیکی در خاورمیانه پس از 11 سپتامبر 2001
        پیروز کوهستانی محمدحسن نامی کیومرث یزدان‌پناه درو
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        115 - تأثیر رودخانه‌ مرزی هریرود بر روابط هیدروپولیتیک ایران و افغانستان
        سیدسلیمان کریمی حجت مهکویی علیرضا عباسی امیر گندمکار
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        116 - بحران مناطق شرق و تحلیل ژئوپلیتیکی برای مدیریت برون رفت از آن
        محمدحسن نامی وحید بارانی پسیان غلامرضا سعیدی
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        117 - بررسی دلایل نقش‌آفرینی روسیه در تحولات سوریه
        محمدحسین حاجیلو روح اله حسین وند شکری زهرا قاسم اقدمی قره تپه
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        118 - پیامدهای امنیتی تحولات ژئوپولیتیکی کشور سوریه برقدرت منطقه‌ای جمهوری اسلامی ایران
        علی رحیمی عزت اله عزتی مسعود مهدوی حاجیلوئی
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        119 - اهمیت نقش عشایر مرزنشین در مناطق استراتژیک (مطالعه موردی: عشایر ایل شاهسون استان اردبیل)
        پریچهره شاهسوند
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        120 - بسترهای تنش در جغرافیای سیاسی دریاها بر اثر بالا آمدن سطح آب دریاها با تاکید بر ژئوپلیتیک عراق در خلیج‌فارس
        رضا قاسمی عبدالرضا فرجی راد عزت اله عزتی
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        121 - تحلیلی بر هیدروپلیتیک شرق ایران
        عزت‌الله عزتی محمدحسن خضری محبوبه نیک‌فرجام
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        122 - تاثیرات منطقه‌ای ساختار ژئوپولیتیکی عراق با تاکید بر ایران
        رضا قاسمی عبدالرضا فرجی راد عزت اله عزتی
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        123 - تحلیل جایگاه ایران در حوزه ژئواستراتژیک اقیانوس هند «با تاکید بر ارائه یک مدل راهبردی در سیاست خارجی و برنامه ریزی اقتصادی»
        مجید ولی شریعت پناهی سجاد کریمی پاشاکی، علی کاظی پور سعید زینتی مهدی امان الله
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        124 - تحلیل بحران سوریه با تأکید بر بازیگران و تأثیر آن بر امنیت سازی درخلیج فارس
        حجت اله حیدری زهرا پیشگاهی فرد عزت اله عزتی
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        125 - ارائه الگوی همگرایی منطقه‌ای فیمابین کشورهای ایران، عراق و ترکیه با تأکید بر ساختار ژئوپولیتیکی منطقه
        سعید محمدی پور محمد اخباری فرهاد حمزه
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        126 - A Survey on contradiction of crime considering of Money Laundering through juridical formulas of no harm and possessive hand
        محمد امین ملکی سید محمد مهدی احمدی علی رضا عسگری
        One of the new crimes which in criminal and civil law are being considered as a crime is money laundering. Jurist has prohibited this new crime based on some titles like prohibition of using other properties in a wrong way, prohibition of arrogation, prohibition of coo More
        One of the new crimes which in criminal and civil law are being considered as a crime is money laundering. Jurist has prohibited this new crime based on some titles like prohibition of using other properties in a wrong way, prohibition of arrogation, prohibition of cooperation on sin, expediency laws and…. Some law scholars believe that: it seems that prohibition and considering as crime of money laundering is contradicting with some juridical formulas like possessive hand, no harm, and with regard to these apparent contradictions they have weakened crime considering of money laundering. After a survey on jurist theories, it came to result that there is no contradiction and the path that lead this research to that are: necessity, Islamic society's expediencies and repulse of weak doubt to powerful doubts. This essay has written by library method and it's descriptive. Manuscript profile
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        127 - A Critique of Jurisprudential Theories of the Need or No Need to Compensate for the Inflation
        Morteza Mohammadirad Seyyedmohammad Shafieidarabi Nasrin Karimi
        The devaluation of money is one of the challenging legal concepts of jurisprudence. Existing theories presented for the money with its past nature do not meet the real needs of the situation. Falling into disagreement with the nature of money causes the To unravel the n More
        The devaluation of money is one of the challenging legal concepts of jurisprudence. Existing theories presented for the money with its past nature do not meet the real needs of the situation. Falling into disagreement with the nature of money causes the To unravel the nature of money throughout history, different views have been offered as to the necessity or necessity of compensating for the devaluation of money. However, the question arises whether in long-term monetary debt, and Should the nominal value of the banknote be calculated at the time of the religion if the value of the currency has decreased, or if the exchange-value is required Consider the borrowed money? The answer to this important question, on the one hand, requires careful examination of the dimensions of the issue of credit money, and on the other hand, requires convincing jurisprudential evidence. The hypothesis proved in this article is Because what makes them attractive in credit money is the power to buy and exchange money, not face value, and pay the same attention to religion and jurisprudence to compensate for the devaluation of money. This research is completely descriptive-analytical and with data gathering from library sources. The legal and jurisprudential authorities have tried to clarify the hidden and invisible aspects of the aforementioned problem. Manuscript profile
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        128 - Iran’s Strategy for Combatting the Financing of Terrorism
        Hosein Salehi Abomohamad Asgarkhani Sohrab Salahi
        10.22034/sej.2021.1930501.1334
        The purpose of the present study is to review the role of Iran in combatting the financing of terrorism. The main research question is: What is the strategy of Iran in combating the financing of terrorism? The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the research res More
        The purpose of the present study is to review the role of Iran in combatting the financing of terrorism. The main research question is: What is the strategy of Iran in combating the financing of terrorism? The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the research results show that some ani-terrorist measures of the Islamic Republic of Iran include: blockage and confiscation of terrorist property and assets, giving information about transactions that are suspicious in terms of terrorism, increasing executive cooperation with other countries regarding investigation about financial resources of terrorism, obligation of the systems of money transfer to observe rules and regulations against money laundering, intensification of measures about customer identification in cases of phone transfer in national and international levels, and reforming rules and regulations to reassure so called charity and non-profit organizations are not used for financing terrorism. Manuscript profile
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        129 - The effect of corporate governance system on avoiding companies getting caught in the Ponzi trap (Case study: Tehran Capital Market)
        Mojtaba Rezaei Fardin Mansouri Mahdi Faghani
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a corporate governance system on avoiding companies getting caught in the Ponzi trap. The research method is applied. The statistical population of this study is Tehran capital market companies. The research per More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a corporate governance system on avoiding companies getting caught in the Ponzi trap. The research method is applied. The statistical population of this study is Tehran capital market companies. The research period is from 1394 to 1398. The statistical population of the research was 132 companies selected as a sample. The data collection methods were library and field that the library method was used to formulate theoretical foundations and the field method was used to test research hypotheses. The data collection tool was the databases of companies that are members of Tehran Capital Market, which was obtained from the Kedal website. In this study, correlation test and regression analysis and Eviews software were used to test the research hypotheses and determine whether or not it was significant. According to the findings of the study, the management system with good, average, and poor performance affects companies in the Ponzi trap and it can be concluded that corporate governance systems are effective in companies avoiding the Ponzi trap. Therefore, companies have to use domestic and international capital markets to finance themselves. Through the system of governance, they can play a key role in the decision-making of investors and lenders, and this will make these companies less inclined to Money Making, so, in this case, the companies will be more careful about getting caught in the Ponzi scheme. Manuscript profile
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        130 - Investigating the effect of culture on the Investor's financial bias according to the role of attitude toward money
        Maryam Ghane Zahra Sadeqi-Arani Esmail Mazroui Nasrabadi
        10.30486/fbra.2023.1976778.1173
        Bias is an important issue in behavioral finance and it reduces market efficiency. Previous studies have been mainly conducted in order to investigate the presence or absence of types of bias among market investors, but the present research has investigated the relation More
        Bias is an important issue in behavioral finance and it reduces market efficiency. Previous studies have been mainly conducted in order to investigate the presence or absence of types of bias among market investors, but the present research has investigated the relationship between the investor's individual culture, monetary attitude and financial biases. The statistical population of the study is the investors of Tehran Stock Exchange and the sample size is 384. A questionnaire was used to collect information and the obtained data were analyzed with regression analysis methods. 6 groups of hypotheses were examined. The results showed that power distance has a significant effect on conservatism and availability. Effort/ability has a (full) mediating role between the long-term orientation and conservatism and between the extremism and conservatism. Power distance with money obsession and gaining power ambiguity aversion with inadequacy, long-term orientation with money retention and effort/ability, patriarchy with money retention and inadequacy, has a direct relationship. Individualism has an inverse relationship with inadequacy and a direct relationship with effort/ability, effort/ability has a direct relationship with conservatism, and power distance has a direct relationship with conservatism and availability. There is a significant difference in regret aversion between women and men, in loss aversion between age groups, in the illusion of control between different employment situations, and in loss aversion between different amounts of monthly allocation to buy stocks. According to the findings, it is suggested to take action in the field of shareholder training and providing financial advice according to personality type. Manuscript profile
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        131 - A theoretical study on the nature of formaldehyde adsroption on the C58BN heterofullerene using DFT
        Ehsan Zahedi majid mozaffari Malihe Arab
        In this research adsorption of formaldehyde on the external surface heterofullerene C58BN has been studied by means of density functional theory using the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. Total electronic energies have been corrected by addition of two gCP and D3 correct More
        In this research adsorption of formaldehyde on the external surface heterofullerene C58BN has been studied by means of density functional theory using the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. Total electronic energies have been corrected by addition of two gCP and D3 correction terms. Adsorption of formaldehyde via the bonding of oxygen atom to boron and carbon atom to nitrogen leads to the delocalization of oxygen lone pairs to the empty orbital of boron atom, formation of a strong covalent bond and consequently stability of system. Topological parameters based on the AIM theory, density of state spectrums, and the maps of molecular electrostatic potentials indicated that the adsorption of formaldehyde on the studied positions are covalent in nature. Manuscript profile
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        132 - The Effects Of 12 Sessions Circuit Resistance Training with Whey Protein on the Apolipoprotein M- HDL Total Cholesterol on Resting Level and Lipid PrOfile In Non-Athletic Men
        Hossein Ramazani Abbas Ghanbari Niaky Ali Alizadeh Ahmad Abdi Ebad Rohbakhsh Saied Chnghizy Ashtyani
        Inroduction and Objective:The protein source of high quality protein supplements commonly used in community sport. The aimof this study was to investigate the effect12 sessions of circuit resistance training with whey protein on apolipoprotein M- HDL cholesterol levels More
        Inroduction and Objective:The protein source of high quality protein supplements commonly used in community sport. The aimof this study was to investigate the effect12 sessions of circuit resistance training with whey protein on apolipoprotein M- HDL cholesterol levels and lipid profile in non-athletic men. Material and Methods:This type of application and research of quasi-experimental design with a control group and the group receiving whey protein (50 gr) that immediately after each practice was given orally to the subjects, respectively. The training program for 12 sessions follow: three sessions in each week with one hour circuit resistance training in each session. Data analyzed using SPSS-18 and independent and dependent T student tests and the used a significance level of 0.05.Results: Significant decrease of apolipoprotein M- HDL total cholesterol level and HDL3 cholesterol were observed in comparison with prior phase (P=0.01). Significant increase of HDL2 cholesterol was observed circuit resistance training group comparison with prier phase (P=0.03).Conclusion: This study showed that circuit resistance training affecting but positive effects have on the lipid profile changes in untrained young men. Manuscript profile
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        133 - Antimicrobial and Healing Effect of Nettle, Purslane and Hedge Nettle Extracts on Burn Infections of Staphylococcus aureus in Mice
        Nader Kazemi Mahdi Arfaei Mona Ghasemi
        Introduction & Objective: Staphylococcus aureus is cause of hospital infections and infectious illnesses. Urtica dioica, Portulaca oleracea and Stachys schtschegleevii have more antimicrobial and healing effects. In this project, the antimicrobial and healing effect More
        Introduction & Objective: Staphylococcus aureus is cause of hospital infections and infectious illnesses. Urtica dioica, Portulaca oleracea and Stachys schtschegleevii have more antimicrobial and healing effects. In this project, the antimicrobial and healing effects of plants extracts with silver sulfadiazine were studied on burn infections of Staphylococcus aureus in rats. Materials & Methods: Firstly, ethanolic and acetonic extracts of plants were prepared in the laboratory. Then, the MIC and MBC of the extracts were determined by the dilution method in the Muller Hinton broth. In study of animal model, firstly the bacteria were inoculated with a concentration of (5×105 CFU/ml) to the wound site on rats. After 24 hours, ointments were prepared based on MBC concentration from extracts of mentioned plants for 1g of silver sulfadiazine and was used to treatment.Results: In studies conducted on rats, it was found that ethanolic and acetonic extracts of Urtica dioica, as well as the acetonic extract of Portulaca oleracea had more antimicrobial and healing effect on Staphylococcus aureus. But in the wound treated with ethanolic and acetonic extract of Stachys schtschegleevii, bleeding was seen. Conclusions: Ethanolic and acetonic extracts of Urtica dioica and the acetonic extract of Portulaca oleracea had more antimicrobial and restoration effects on burn wound infection. Ethanolic and acetonic extract of Urtica dioica had better healing effects than acetonic extract of Portulaca oleracea. As a result, extract of Urtica dioica could be used in preparation of burn ointments.  Manuscript profile
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        134 - The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Sports Success by using Bayesian Analysis Approach (Case Study: Athletes of the Iranian National Canoe-Polo Team)
        Zohre Meshkati Sahar Faeghi Amir Timor Payandeh Najafabadi,
        10.30486/4s.2022.1966079.1055
        Objective: This study aims at investigating the relationship of cultural intelligence in the Iran national team canoe-polo athletes with athletic achievement.Methodology: This study is descriptive- correlation and the subjects are all Iran national team canoe-polo athle More
        Objective: This study aims at investigating the relationship of cultural intelligence in the Iran national team canoe-polo athletes with athletic achievement.Methodology: This study is descriptive- correlation and the subjects are all Iran national team canoe-polo athletes including 22 individuals (8 males and 14 females). The research method consisted of a researcher-made cultural-sports intelligence questionnaire (with four major dimensions of cognitive, Meta-cognitive, motivational and behavioral). The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with a 0.94 coefficient of ordinal theta for cultural intelligence. Hypothesis testing was done through the Bayesian Analysis Approach capable of doing structural analysis with a small sample volume by AMOS software.Results: Findings showed that the measurement model of all tracks the cultural intelligence factor and its dimension together with the amount of achievement at the %95 level. There was not a significant difference between cultural intelligence and none of its dimensions in male and female athletes of Iran national team (0.776 ≥ 0.05).Conclusion: According to research findings and cultural intelligence ability to be trained as helping keys in reaching athletic achievement, it is recommended that canoe-polo officials and sports managers try to understand the need, plan and train the athletes so that it will be an act of improving the socio-cultural aspect of this issue. Manuscript profile
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        135 - The Role of Border Cities in the Geopolitics Development of Tourism
        Maryam Shabani Hasan Bavir Hojat Mahkouii
                  Today, one of the important factors for achieving development is the revenue role of tourism and attracting tourists within the country, which is always dependent on having a cohesive national and territorial space and optimally functi More
                  Today, one of the important factors for achieving development is the revenue role of tourism and attracting tourists within the country, which is always dependent on having a cohesive national and territorial space and optimally functioning cities. Success in the field of tourism depends on having historical and scenic monuments, beautiful and developed cities, people with high culture, knowledge and awareness, statesmen free from the induction of personal thoughts, efficient planning system, and so on. In the meantime, it can be said that the role of cities in attracting tourists has higher degrees. Border cities can be successful in attracting tourists due to their security role and the gateway for goods and people. Establishment of border markets, the existence of rivers and natural factors, the existence of historical monuments such as castles or the type of border in such cities, are among the factors attracting tourism. This article descriptively-analytically and using library resources and tables and websites, seeks to investigate the role and position of border cities in the geopolitical development of tourism and tourist attraction. The main question of this article is whether border cities can be successful in attracting tourism and developing tourism by using tourism geopolitics? And the hypothesis of the article is that border cities with the potential to attract tourism and the geopolitical position they have in a country, can be successful in developing and attracting tourism. The results show that border cities, due to their location, have the ability to develop geopolitical tourism and attract tourists.Extended AbstractIntroduction:         Today, one of the important factors for achieving development is the revenue role of tourism and attracting tourists within the country, which is always dependent on having a cohesive national and territorial space and optimally functioning cities. Success in the field of tourism depends on having historical and scenic monuments, beautiful and developed cities, people with high culture, knowledge and awareness, statesmen free from the induction of personal thoughts, efficient planning system, and so on. In the meantime, it can be said that the role of cities in attracting tourists has higher degrees. Border cities can be successful in attracting tourists due to their security role and the gateway for goods and people. Establishment of border markets, the existence of rivers and natural factors, the existence of historical monuments such as castles or the type of border in such cities, are among the factors attracting tourism.Methodology:        This article descriptively-analytically and using library resources and tables and websites, seeks to investigate the role and position of border cities in the geopolitical development of tourism and tourist attraction. The main question of this article is whether border cities can be successful in attracting tourism and developing tourism by using tourism geopolitics? And the hypothesis of the article is that border cities with the potential to attract tourism and the geopolitical position they have in a country, can be successful in developing and attracting tourism.Results and discussion:       The role and function that border cities can play today in attracting tourism and developing tourism is obvious. Border cities with an important position in the geopolitical position of a country and according to the geopolitics of tourism can be successful in terms of economic development and income in terms of tourism. Among the potentials that border cities have in attracting tourism, we can mention the existence of historical monuments, the type of border, border markets. Within cities, the presence of buildings and historical sites are among the factors that are effective in attracting tourism. Existence of historical monuments such as castles, houses of important historical figures and leaders, baths, citadels, etc. with a special type of architecture, can be successful in attracting tourism. In border cities, which have long had more security functions, the existence of buildings such as castles, forts and citadels leads to the development of tourism. Such cities are always considered because of their security position and their influential role in the geopolitical situation and the promotion of the geopolitical level for a country. Today, due to the trend of globalization and the income role of tourism in the economies of countries, border cities with historical monuments can be successful in planning in the field of tourism.         Borders have different functions and functions and are different in terms of type. Therefore, with the passage of time and changes in the borders between the two countries, some borders can become tourist attractions. If we want to talk about new borders in the age of globalization, we must talk about the borders that have become a barrier between the two regions like a wall. For example, the wall of racism, the wall of two spheres, the wall of explosion, the wall of poverty, the wall of technology and the US-Mexico border fence. Which can be attractive from a tourist point of view. In addition, what can help economic development and attract population and tourism in border cities are border markets in the periphery of countries; Border markets are enclosed areas located at the zero point of the border and adjacent to customs are allowed to carry out clearance procedures and residents on both sides of the border can offer the goods and products they need in accordance with export and import regulations in these markets. The least effect of having a border market is to increase the retention rate of border residents in border areas and increase the security factor for countries.Since tourism and tourism development are considered as a way of economic income for countries today, the existence of historical monuments and factors such as border markets and the type of borders in border and peripheral cities of countries can be effective in developing tourism for countries. The presence of historical monuments, including historical castles in border cities, attracts tourists interested in seeing ancient monuments. Existence of such buildings that were built in the past for the protection and security of cities, today, by losing their security function, can be used for tourism purposes, which is probably the case, and castles such as Hasanlu Castle are tourist destinations. Is in Iran. In fact, marginal areas in some countries, due to their distance from the capital in some developing countries and the Third World, are sometimes forgotten in the decision-making process and their role in management is diminished, while border cities are in a position to The geopolitics of a country play an important role and play a key role in providing security for the borders of countries. Border markets due to economic prosperity and the expansion of relations between the two countries on both sides of the border can help indicators such as job creation, migration, solving security problems.Conclusion:       The city, as one of the areas of human environment, plays an important role in development and national security. Man has always needed security and throughout history, the protection of his life and property has been one of his main concerns. You can not live without security. Having security depends on having a healthy and developed environment that are complementary to each other, that is, security leads to development and development creates security, and the urban environment is considered as the foundation of these two categories. Border cities, due to their location and role in the national security of a country, and due to their position in a country, have the ability to play a role in attracting tourism and developing tourism. Therefore, according to the model of Western European countries in attracting tourism, it can be said that the geopolitics of tourism can act as a factor for the development of tourism in border cities. The fixed and variable factors mentioned in the geopolitical development of tourism in Tan can be effective in developing the role of border cities to attract tourists. Within such cities, the existence of historical monuments, the type of border, the creation of border markets, are among the potentials that are effective for the development of tourism. Therefore, border cities have the ability to be successful in tourism development, given the existing factors and potentials. Inevitably, border cities, due to their location, have the ability to develop the geopolitics of tourism and attract tourists. Manuscript profile
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        136 - راهبردهای حقوقی جبران کاهش ارزش پول در قراردادها با تکیه بر رویه قضایی
        فاطمه واشقانی غلامعلی سیفی زیناب
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        137 - آینده پژوهی دیالکتیک علائق ژئوپولیتیکی ایالات متحده آمریکا، ایران و روسیه درآسیای مرکزی
        علیرضا محرابی امیرعلی عابدینی
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        138 - Using Lucas Experimental Method to Investigate the Relationship between Exchange Rate Overshooting and Business Cycles in Iran
        Farzad Moayeri Mohsen Zayandeh Rood Seed Abdolmajid Jalaei Esfandabadi Hossien Mehrabi Basharabadi
        Exchange rate shocks due to increased risk and uncertainty of production are concerned as a leader variable in creating economic instability in the country. The proof of this can help to adopt economic policies. During 1989 -2013, this has repeatedly been met with Excha More
        Exchange rate shocks due to increased risk and uncertainty of production are concerned as a leader variable in creating economic instability in the country. The proof of this can help to adopt economic policies. During 1989 -2013, this has repeatedly been met with Exchange rate overshooting. This article attempts to answer this question that the exchange rate overshooting plays a key role as a leading variable in business cycles in Iran economy. In this regard, using Hodrick-Prescott filtering method, trends, and exchange rate shocks and economic cycles in 1989 -2013 calculated. Then, four complete cycles of currency (peak-peak) were identified. Next, applying Lucas experimental method, the relationship between Log of GDP shock and the exchange rate cycles was investigated at the time of each four cycles. The results showed that exchange rate shocks played as a leading variable in all periods Manuscript profile
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        139 - Analysis and review of the narrative in "The Comprehensive Story of Attar's Tragedy with Emphasis on the Design and Plot, the Narrator" with an approach to the theory of "polyphony or polyphony" Bakhtin
        Ameneh Batani batool Fakhre eslam mahdi Norooz farzad Abbasi
        10.30495/farsij.2023.1925610.1469
        Polyphony means the multiplicity of sounds and sounds and refers to a discourse in which several sounds are heard at the same time. Like music that, although made up of different melodies, these melodies are played at the same time to create the final tone and melody. T More
        Polyphony means the multiplicity of sounds and sounds and refers to a discourse in which several sounds are heard at the same time. Like music that, although made up of different melodies, these melodies are played at the same time to create the final tone and melody. The Logic of Conversation and the Concept of Discourse Gohar is the essence of Bakhtin's thought in the field of "philosophical anthropology". The main issue and purpose of this article is to study and analyze the dialogue and logic of conversation with emphasis on "plot and plot", "narrator, character" in the comprehensive narrative of the tragedy and the levels that the seeker of thought encounters. . Attar's symphony and dialogue logic are manifested in forty positions. The logic of conversation in the comprehensive narrative is an attempt to know individuals, not only through dialogue with others, but also their empathetic presence with themselves and others. The views and thoughts of the characters, which may belong to conflicting ideologies, are on a par with the author's views, and all are equally important. In Attar's phonetic symphony, actors from any selected class, position and position can play their chords, and finally, these sounds lead to a better awareness and understanding of the melody of existence and reaching the position of nearness to God. Clearly able to demonstrate the concept of polyphony or polyphony. Manuscript profile
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        140 - A review of the role of perilipin in fatty liver with an exercise approach
        Nafiseh Sadeghi Saleh Rahmati
        10.30495/pah.2023.2001305.1064
        The benefits of physical activity in individuals with fatty liver disease are widely acknowledged. Fatty liver disease occurs when an excessive amount of fat builds up in liver cells, resulting in inflammation and potential long-term liver damage. Perilipin, a protein p More
        The benefits of physical activity in individuals with fatty liver disease are widely acknowledged. Fatty liver disease occurs when an excessive amount of fat builds up in liver cells, resulting in inflammation and potential long-term liver damage. Perilipin, a protein present in fat cells, plays a crucial role in regulating lipid metabolism, including the storage and breakdown of triglycerides. It has been scientifically proven that regular physical exercise has a positive impact on the connection between perilipin and fatty liver, creating a healthier environment for the liver. Physical activity enhances the expression and activity of perilipin, aiding in the release of stored triglycerides from liver cells. This allows for their metabolism and utilization as fuel during physical activity. Furthermore, physical activity stimulates lipolysis, the process of breaking down stored fat into free fatty acids, which can then be utilized for energy production. By increasing the activity of perilipin, this process is facilitated, preventing excessive accumulation of triglycerides in liver cells. Regular physical activity also increases energy expenditure and assists with weight management, as overweight and obesity are significant risk factors for the development and progression of fatty liver disease. The present study aims to investigate the relationships between perilipin, fatty liver, and the positive effects of physical activity on these interactions. Manuscript profile
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        141 - Necessity of adopting neighborhood-oriented participatory planning approach in revitalizing worn-out urban tissues using factor analysis method (Study example: Sartpoule neighborhood, Sanandaj)
        saman salavati ali alavi khatereh ramazanipoor
        Urban managers have always tried to achieve their goals in order to achieve urban development and management by attracting people's participation at the neighborhood level. Participation of citizens at the neighborhood level is one of the important principles of stabili More
        Urban managers have always tried to achieve their goals in order to achieve urban development and management by attracting people's participation at the neighborhood level. Participation of citizens at the neighborhood level is one of the important principles of stability and democracy in urban societies. Considering the importance of participation in neighborhood development and urban management, the aim of this research is to adopt a neighborhood-oriented participatory planning approach in the revitalization of worn-out urban tissues and to identify the most important criteria that have the greatest effect on neighborhood-oriented participation in the revival of worn-out tissues. The current research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. Sampling was purposeful and out of 308 households in the neighborhood, 50 heads of households were selected for questioning using Cochran's formula with a confidence level of 93%. The results were analyzed through SPSS software, including path analysis tests and factor analysis tests. The results of the analysis showed that the indicators related to social dimensions; Economic and management have had the greatest impact on worn-out tissues of Sartpoule neighborhood of Sanandaj city with weighted average (4.45, 3.739, 5.112). Also, through path analysis, the factors that have a direct and indirect effect on the improvement of the quality of the worn tissues of the target area were identified. Manuscript profile
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        142 - Money laundering in sport is evidence of hidden corruption; the need to provide solutions to prevent it
        Taha Razmara Nariman Fakheri Ramin Poursaid Poursaid
        10.30495/kmsj.2022.1965579.1034
        One of the most important examples of corruption; Money laundering is a criminal phenomenon. And the field of sports because of the desire of people to play a role, popularity, public interest and investment in it; It is a good breeding ground for the spread of this hid More
        One of the most important examples of corruption; Money laundering is a criminal phenomenon. And the field of sports because of the desire of people to play a role, popularity, public interest and investment in it; It is a good breeding ground for the spread of this hidden corruption (money laundering). The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-correlational nature which was performed by field method. Data were collected using a version of a semi-standard questionnaire whose face validity and content were determined by experts and its reliability was determined based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population of the study consisted of official experts in the field of sports and members of the National Sports Law Association. 160 samples were selected by simple random sampling. Software packages (SPSS) and (Excel) were used to process and analyze the data. The results of Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between all independent and dependent components. Also, using the Friedman ranking test, the dimension (customer suspicious transaction report) with the rank (4.85) and the average (19.98) and the dimension (training of employees of sports organizations) with the rank (1.23) and the average (6.413), respectively, have the most and the least effect. (Importance) in preventing the crime of money laundering. Therefore, it seems that a combination of all the variables used is appropriate to prevent money laundering in sports organizations. Manuscript profile
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        143 - Investigating the mechanism of monetary policy transmission in the short term with the approach of Islamic wisdom, relying on a structural vector auto regression model in Iran
        Mahshid Tabatabaie zavareh beitollah akbari moghadam Farhad Ghaffari
        In this research, attempts have been made to identify the characteristics and distinctive features of Islamic banking compared to conventional banking by studying the theoretical framework of Islamic banking literature. Subsequently, by focusing on each characteristic, More
        In this research, attempts have been made to identify the characteristics and distinctive features of Islamic banking compared to conventional banking by studying the theoretical framework of Islamic banking literature. Subsequently, by focusing on each characteristic, their relevant indicators were designed and introduced.Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate the effects of monetary policy through monetary transmission channels (interest channel, exchange rate channel, credit channel and expectations channel) in the short term during the period of 1386Q1 - 1396Q4.Methodology: Using the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model, the effects of monetary policy were investigated through channels.Findings: The experimental results obtained from the estimation of the relationships between the variables using the SVAR approach based on statistical data show that in the short term the exchange rate channel is the most effective one in the transmission of monetary policy in a way that the expectations variable has the most effect on this channel. After the exchange rate channel, the expectations channel and the credits and interest rate channel have the most impact in the short term, respectively.Conclusion: By examining the relative importance of monetary transfer channels, we can point out the principle that with the passage of time, the effectiveness of the channels will change. Accordingly, with price shocks, the expectations channel has the most impact in the short term. Manuscript profile
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        144 - Uncertainty analysis of HEC-HMS parameters using the GLUE methodology in Dez Dam watershed
        mehdi komasi behrang beiranvand
        This study represents the application of a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) technique for automatic calibration of the well-known Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) model. For this purpose, the GLUE method was used in More
        This study represents the application of a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) technique for automatic calibration of the well-known Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) model. For this purpose, the GLUE method was used in calibration of the HEC-HMS model built for Dez Dam basin located in south-west of Iran. From the three selected events, first event was used for calibration and all events were used for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis using GLUE approach. Model calibration showed that the developed model is a suitable model for simulation of flood with R2 and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of 0.9 and 0.887, respectively. Sensitivity analysis of the model based on the four parameters of the Green Ampt method indicated that model does not show the same sensitivity on the same parameter in different events. For instance, saturated hydraulic conductivity has the greatest influence on the model of event 1 and model of event 3 is more sensitive to saturation suction at the wetting front and porosity. Uncertainty analysis using posterior distribution describes the uncertainty of estimation after taking into account information provided by the various flood events. Overall, the GLUE analysis showed that there is a significant uncertainty associated with hydrological modelling that is due to multiple sources of errors. Also, this method can be used for calibration of hydrological models like HEC-HMS Manuscript profile
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        145 - شناسایی عوامل موثر بر سواد مالی مدیران و ارتباط این عوامل با اختلافات مالی در شرکتهای پدیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
        صدیقه طوطیان اصفهانی معصومه جعفری الهه برخورداری
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        146 - تأثیر سیاست های پولی و مالی بر قیمت دارایی های مالی در ایران
        اکبر کمیجانی اسداله فرزینوش احمد نقیلو
        Manuscript profile
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        147 - بررسی نقش نظارت بانک مرکزی جمهوری اسلامی ایران در ساماندهی بازار غیر متشکل پولی )مطالعه موردی:صرافی های استان آذربایجان غربی(
        مسعود قهرمانی امیرپور معصوم
        Manuscript profile
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        148 - Investigating the distribution status of Large -scaled Rock Agama (Laudakia nupta) in Kermanshah province by using Ensemble method
        Mina Esmaeili
        10.30495/zisti.2023.1994465.1171
        Introduction: To implement management plans in the landscape, it is necessary to examine the range of distribution and the approximate range of distribution of different plant and animal species. Kermanshah province plays an important role in the west of the country wit More
        Introduction: To implement management plans in the landscape, it is necessary to examine the range of distribution and the approximate range of distribution of different plant and animal species. Kermanshah province plays an important role in the west of the country with its unique topographical location and the presence of numerous habitats in terms of biodiversity. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution status and analyze the fators affecting the distribution of Large -scaled Rock Agama (Laudakia nupta) in Kermanshah province.Materials and Methods: In this study, in order to investigate the range of distribution of Large -scaled Rock Agama (Laudakia nupta), field surveys were carried out in the province and different habitats of this species during the years 2018 to 2020. Then, using the species presence data and the considered habitat variables, the modeling steps were done with the help of Ensemble modeling. In this regard, 76 species presence points along with climatic variables, vegetation and precipitation were included in the distribution models. The AUC criterion was used to the importance of variables and data integration criteria.Results: The results indicated that modeling was successful for both single and Ensemble models. According to the forecast in Kermanshah province, the distribution of species is most influenced by soil organic carbon, vegetation cover, and altitude.Conclusion: The findings of this research show that parts of the habitat that correspond to the presence of altitudes are contiguous suitability and there are areas of the habitat that are fragmented in the southeast of the province. The higher parts of the north-west of the province are not suitable for the presence of the species, which could be due to the presence of Caucasian agama (Laudakia caucasia). Manuscript profile
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        149 - Effect of Aerobic Training on Serum Levels of Apolipoprotein M, Lipid and Metabolic Profiles in Young Sedentary Obese Women
        Masoomeh Azami Najmeh Rezaeian
        10.30495/nssem.2022.697800
        Purpose of this study was to investigate effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of ApoM, lipids profile and insulin resistance index in obese women.Twenty obese womenwere divided into experimental and control groups (10 ones in each) homogenized according More
        Purpose of this study was to investigate effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of ApoM, lipids profile and insulin resistance index in obese women.Twenty obese womenwere divided into experimental and control groups (10 ones in each) homogenized according to the body mass index. Subjects in experimental group participated in twelve weeks of aerobic running training at intensity of 50-75 percentage of reserve heart rate, 30-55 minutes per session and five sessions per week. Blood sampling was performed immediately before the first session and 48 hours after the last training session to assess blood factors. Statistical analysis was done by Covariance, paired t-test and Pearson correlation at significant level of P<0.05.According to covariance, there existed significant differences between two groups of experimental and control for changes in levels of ApoM insulin fasting glucose triglyceride cholesterol HDL and LDL insulin resistance index weight body fat percentage waist and hip circumferences. T-test findings showed 12 weeks of aerobic training resulted in significant decreases in levels of ApoM and HDL accompanied with significant decreases in levels of insulin fasting glucose triglyceride cholesterol and LDL insulin resistance index and anthropometric indices (P<0.05) in experimental group in post-test compared to pre-test. However, there were significant positive correlation between changes in serum levels of Apom following 12 weeks of aerobic training with changes in cholestrol levels.It seems that 12 weeks of aerobic training can improve body composition, lipid profile and insulin resistance, despite the deccreases in serum levels of ApoM. Manuscript profile
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        150 - Comparison of women social situation in three travelogues written during Naser-al-Din Shah monarchy (1848-1896)
        sedighe bayat shahrbano delbari taherh azimzadeh yosef motevali
        Social situation of women was one of the considerable subjects for those who wrote books about their travels to Iran during Naser-al-Din Shah period. There was an increase in the number of travels between Iran the Europe in fifty years of Naser-al-Din Shah monarchy and More
        Social situation of women was one of the considerable subjects for those who wrote books about their travels to Iran during Naser-al-Din Shah period. There was an increase in the number of travels between Iran the Europe in fifty years of Naser-al-Din Shah monarchy and Mary Sheil (wife of British minister of foreign affairs) and Eduard Jakob Polak (Austrian medicine) were two of people who travelled to Iran at that time. They wrote about their observations in Iran which contains valuable information of women situation during Naser-al-Din shah period because they had the opportunity to visit Mahd-e-Olia (shah's mother), Ezat-al-Dole (Shah's sister) and other court women. Naser-al-Din Shah was the first Iranian king who had three trips to the Europe and wrote books about his observations. What he wrote about physical properties of European women and their sexual features, motivates many researchers to explore this type of behavior. In the present research, we studied social-familial situation of Iranian women reflected in Sheil and Polak travelogues, and compared them with Naserl-al-Din Shah's observations in his west travelogue. This is done based on a descriptive-analytical method based on the original resources (Sheil, Polak and Naser-al-Din Shah). Results clarified that Polak's occupation (as a medicine) enabled him to represent more information about Iranian women situation. Sheil and Polak both considered social problems of Iranian women, however Naser-al-Din Shah rather focused on physical and sexual properties of women compared to their social situation. Manuscript profile
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        151 - Review of Anti-Terrorist Financing Laws and Regulations in Iranian and Afghan Law and International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism
        Hamidreza Dabirzadeh Ahmad Hajidehabadi Hasan Pourbaferani
        One of the direst issues of the modern era is terrorism and it’s financing. Fortunately, we see some strong will to tackle this malign problem in Afghanistan (2013), so the present criminal laws and the laws against terrorism (2017) financing are drafted in this r More
        One of the direst issues of the modern era is terrorism and it’s financing. Fortunately, we see some strong will to tackle this malign problem in Afghanistan (2013), so the present criminal laws and the laws against terrorism (2017) financing are drafted in this respect. Recent findings demonstrate flaws in Iranian and Afghan laws and regulations to fight terrorism financing and even those laws present lack cohesion and does not encompass the whole aspects of their dangerous action. Therefore, this situation necessitates full and immediate cooperation between Iran and Afghanistan to draft appropriate criminal laws to take firm action to punish the terrorism financers and put an end to violators of state regulations in supporting terrorism. However, we have to examine the compliancy of the present Iranian and Afghan laws to the related convention which indicate full adherence by Afghan laws and some by the Iranian laws Manuscript profile
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        152 - Forecasting the exchange rate using futures studies methods and examining the effect of currency fluctuations on the performance of companies: A case study of Iran Tobacco Company
        Alireza Fathinia Ali Badizadeh
        Exchange rates always have a high priority and attractiveness in society, especially among companies. Different methods are used to predict the exchange rate, among which structural methods as methods of fundamental analysis, a little precision in advance. They have an More
        Exchange rates always have a high priority and attractiveness in society, especially among companies. Different methods are used to predict the exchange rate, among which structural methods as methods of fundamental analysis, a little precision in advance. They have an accurate forecast of the exchange rate, but they are very useful as a long-term perspective and illuminate the movement of the exchange rate. Technical compensation can be used to compensate for the shortcomings of these methods. Using futures research techniques, in addition to covering the study gap of futures research techniques in forecasting exchange rates, errors due to quantitative methods have been minimized so that companies are prepared for the occurrence of various situations. In the final part of the article, the effect of currency fluctuations on the performance indicators of the tobacco company during the last three years is examined. The results of the study indicate that currency fluctuations have the first and greatest impact on the implementation of development projects and also sudden economic shocks are not immediately reflected in the performance of companies and due to the presence of shock absorbers such as inventory in Warehousing, borrowing purchases and long-term debt creation, over time, gradually affect and weaken the company's performance. Manuscript profile
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        153 - Identifying and prioritizing the factors of the smart money model in the Iranian stock market with hierarchical technique AHP
        Khadijeh Eidantorkzadeh Farzin Rezaei Amir Reza Keyghobadi Mohsen Seighali
        This study aims to identify the conditions and factors affecting smart money and prioritize the variables obtained based on these conditions in the Iranian stock market. This research method is applied in terms of purpose and based on data; it is a mixed type that was d More
        This study aims to identify the conditions and factors affecting smart money and prioritize the variables obtained based on these conditions in the Iranian stock market. This research method is applied in terms of purpose and based on data; it is a mixed type that was done to identify qualitative factors through interviews with experts and prioritize the identified quantitative factors using a questionnaire. The statistical population was selected using a sampling method with maximum diversity. The research model prioritized three levels with all specified conditions and factors and tested with software (Expert choice) and hierarchical analysis techniques. The incompatibility rate in all pairwise comparisons is less than 0.1, so the research model is approved. The criterion of causal conditions has gained the first rank in the first level. In the second level, among the categories (causal conditions, macroeconomic factors), (context conditions, laws and regulations imposed by the government) and (intervening conditions, Parallel Markets Behavior) rank first. At the third level, exchange rate fluctuations rank first. Manuscript profile
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        154 - An examination of some factors influencing the urge to buy impulsively
        fariborz taheri kia navid nokhbeh zaeim
        Impulse Buying, which is perceived as unplanned purchases, and its important contribution to consumers' shopping, has been regarded as an important consumer behavior by market specialists over the past four decades. A model of the precursors of Urge to Buy Impulsively i More
        Impulse Buying, which is perceived as unplanned purchases, and its important contribution to consumers' shopping, has been regarded as an important consumer behavior by market specialists over the past four decades. A model of the precursors of Urge to Buy Impulsively is presented and empirically tested with data drawn at one point in time (During post-shopping questionnaire filling) from some urban shopping centers. Analysis of the data utilizing LISREL8.5 supported many of the predictions. Situational variables (time available and money available) and individual difference variables (shopping enjoyment and impulse buying tendency) were found to influence a set of endogenous variables, including positive and negative effect, browsing activity and ultimately urge to buy impulsively. Whether or not an impulse buying behavior occurred, the research has scrutinized the various aspects of the idea. Manuscript profile
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        155 - Effects of Roasting Cotton Seed on its Gossypol Content, Ruminal Degradability and in Vitro Protein Digestibility
        M. Taghinejad Roudbaneh S.R. Ebrahimi
        This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of cotton seed roasting (125°C for 15 and 30 minutes) on its gossypol content, chemical composition, in vitro CP digestibility, ruminal dry matter (DM) and crud protein (CP) degradability. Degradation kinetics of D More
        This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of cotton seed roasting (125°C for 15 and 30 minutes) on its gossypol content, chemical composition, in vitro CP digestibility, ruminal dry matter (DM) and crud protein (CP) degradability. Degradation kinetics of DM and CP were determined according to in situ procedure with three ruminally fistulated Taleshi bulls. Roasting cotton seed had no effect on chemical composition of feed samples (P>0.05; roasting at 125°C for 15 and 30 minute decreased free gossypol by 17.5 and 21.3%, respectively (P<0.05). Although, roasting at 125°C for up to 15 and 30 minute decreased the degradation rate of CP (P<0.05) but it had no effect on effective rumen protein degradability of roasted cottonseed compared to untreated cottonseed (P<0.05). Electrophoresis results indicated that roasting at 125°C for 15 and 30 minute did not alter the disappearance pattern of protein subunits in cottonseed. The result showed that, although roasting decreased the free gossypol content of cottonseed but it was not effective at decreasing its effective rumen protein degradability. Manuscript profile
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        156 - rflection jurisprudence around cotiguos parable of credit money
        morteza mohammadirad sayidmohammad shfieydarabi Nasrin Karimi
        Money is a matter of some jurisprudential and legal practice, which, without knowing its present naturejurisprudentia, can not issue storong verdict. The issue of currency depreciation necessity orlackof necessity for the compensation of currency depreciation in rejuris More
        Money is a matter of some jurisprudential and legal practice, which, without knowing its present naturejurisprudentia, can not issue storong verdict. The issue of currency depreciation necessity orlackof necessity for the compensation of currency depreciation in rejurisprudentiacent decades has The debates of probleme andchallenging in economics and jurisprudential circies . The people of ourthe community are involved in different ways with the issue. How to pay off debts in extreme hyper inflation condations is closely related to how deal with the nature of present currency. In this regard, the opponents and propenents of the need for compensation of the currency deprecition have different views on the nature of the money. opponency of currency depreciates the money from the examples and considers the nominal value to be the equivalent of the consequence of the depreciation of the value of money. Understand that the need for compensating for the decline in the value of money is a paragon of money, and they consider buying as an example of credit money We do not consider the depreciation of money to be a rationale. In this article, we are going to present the use of evidence-based and descriptive-analytical methods and information library information for determining the purchasing power of creditin cash Manuscript profile
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        157 - Criticism of embezzlement and smuggling of goods as examples of money laundering
        mihammad ali ebrahimzadehmolaei Akbar Fallah Ali Faghihi
        Money laundering is a legitimate and illegal manifestation of illicit and illegal property, and this phenomenon is one of the transnational organized crimes that has harmful effects and effects at the international level and interferes with social, political, economic a More
        Money laundering is a legitimate and illegal manifestation of illicit and illegal property, and this phenomenon is one of the transnational organized crimes that has harmful effects and effects at the international level and interferes with social, political, economic and security issues. It has significant social and political consequences for societies, and to compare it with the crimes of embezzlement and smuggling of goods, the clear jurisprudential principles such as the verses of Akal Mal to Badal, Akl Sahat, narrations and rules of jurisprudence such as the rule of no harm and maintaining order, highlight this phenomenon. It implies that the principles and teachings of the religion of Islam, such as prohibition and prohibition (acquisition of property in vain) and the behavior of the great leaders of Islam regarding money laundering operations, which lead to the use of illicit income, are also taken into account. If the property is invalid) and it is considered a haram act and according to the rule: (Al-Tughrir for the whole of Muharram action) and the rule: (Al-Ta'zir with us for the way of ruling), the Islamic ruler can impose punishment for such forbidden and harmful acts on the interests of the communi Manuscript profile
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        158 - Investigating the effects of monetary policy on financial stability in 9 emerging economies of Asia
        Alla Asgharzadeh Farhad Rahbar Mir-Hossein Mousavi
        In recent decades, the emergence and spread of financial crises on the economies of many countries has shown its direct and indirect effects. Therefore, in order to deal with this crisis, it is necessary to adopt a systematic policy in all countries that have been direc More
        In recent decades, the emergence and spread of financial crises on the economies of many countries has shown its direct and indirect effects. Therefore, in order to deal with this crisis, it is necessary to adopt a systematic policy in all countries that have been directly or indirectly affected. Although these countries need to make financial adjustments to overcome the crisis, the severity of these adjustments depends on the specific economic conditions of the countries. In monetary policy, the central bank and financial systems play an important role in economic development. One example is the allocation of resources over time between different investments. The correct view of the financial system allows the economy to achieve a high level of growth, provided that other macroeconomic conditions are stable. This study, in the form of method innovation, has proposed an alternative method for measuring financial instability, which is based on factor analysis of various indicators.Accordingly,using statistical methods and econometric models, including the "dynamic panel model", the relationship between monetary policy and the index of financial instability in some emerging Asian countries during the period 2018-2007 has been evaluated. The results of this evaluation and pattern fit show a negative relationship between central bank monetary policy and financial instability. Manuscript profile
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        159 - Manifestations of Populism in Contemporary Iran (Investing the performance of the Tudeh Party and Mossadegh's Political Method in the 50s)
        mehdi akhavankhodashahri Babak naderpour seyyed Abdolamir Nabavi
        Since the power of the people became relevant in the field of politics, the use and exploitation of such power has attracted the attention of politicians and political actors, and in accordance with such a development, thinkers in the field of politics have thought of v More
        Since the power of the people became relevant in the field of politics, the use and exploitation of such power has attracted the attention of politicians and political actors, and in accordance with such a development, thinkers in the field of politics have thought of various mechanisms to appeal to the power of the people, one of the most acceptable of which is the representation system. .On the other hand, one of the most important threats and challenges that the political system based on representation has been dealing with so far is populism. Populism, in the sense of direct and unregulated appeal to people's power, is a complication for all political systems based on representation, which can be seen in a strong or weak form. In this article, the performance of the Tudeh party and the political method of Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh in the 50s have been investigated through a qualitative method and by using Jan Werner Muller's theories about populism. The obtained results indicate that a set of populist characteristics such as massism, alienation and generalist ideas on the performance of the Tudeh Party, as well as things such as unconventional and pro-Tudeh political behaviors, are not Political menstruation and street politics have influenced Mossadegh's political method. Manuscript profile
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        160 - Conflict and Cooperation in the Relation between Iran and Turkey after Cold War, 1989-2008
        صمد قائم پناه
        It is aimed in this article to answer this question as to why the relation between Iran and Turkey has been both conflictual and cooperative and this relation has never been very friendly and evolutionary .Findings in this research show that the Iran-Turkey relations wi More
        It is aimed in this article to answer this question as to why the relation between Iran and Turkey has been both conflictual and cooperative and this relation has never been very friendly and evolutionary .Findings in this research show that the Iran-Turkey relations within the years of 1989-2008 has been strongly influenced by three factors of ideology, Iran-Iraq war, the regional and international geopolitical changes. The impact of these factors on the Iran-turkey relationship is what to be considered in this article. Manuscript profile
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        161 - New Search in Religious Tax of Bills
        mohammad rasoul ahangaran hossein sanaei
        We can search the subject of religious tax for bills in three chapters following of jurisprudence:1-religious tax of the property business 2- religious tax of gold coins and silver coins 3-judicial leader. In this article, it will be proved based on the second title nam More
        We can search the subject of religious tax for bills in three chapters following of jurisprudence:1-religious tax of the property business 2- religious tax of gold coins and silver coins 3-judicial leader. In this article, it will be proved based on the second title namely religious tax of gold coins and silver coins and by this reason we discuss the six methods. Among the six methods, fifth and sixth are correct because of at the fifth reason I mean at the narrative of Mohammad Ibn Moslem we see the word and at the sixth reason we see some narrative such as narrative of Hassan Ibn Ali Ibn Vasha that proves the necessity of payment for it at every kind of money. Manuscript profile
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        162 - Concept and Nature of Money and the Guarantee of Devaluation and Delayed Payment Compensation Related to Bill Debt Repayment
        ali akbar izadifard hamid abhari hossein bahrami
        The legislator has allowed the governor to give moratorium or installment to the lender based on article 652. If the debt subject be related to the bill, the value of money may decrease. Also, the lender may be deprived from the benefits that could obtain by the use o More
        The legislator has allowed the governor to give moratorium or installment to the lender based on article 652. If the debt subject be related to the bill, the value of money may decrease. Also, the lender may be deprived from the benefits that could obtain by the use of his money too. There are many different viewpoints among the scholars in relation with being eligible of devaluation and compensation of delayed payment. It seems that devaluation is under the guarantee and purchasing power of money must be respected. But according to article 522, there is no possibility to compensate devaluation. Compensation of delayed payment is not eligible too. Manuscript profile
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        163 - A Reflection on the Effect of Amare Yad on Money Laundering
        hossein tajabady mohammad sadegh azadfar Ali Banaee
        10.22034/ijrj.2020.678157
        The phenomenon of money laundering has become one of the problems of the global economy in the present age. Therefore, countries and international forums seriously intend to deal with this phenomenon and its destructive effects and consequences. The Islamic Republic of More
        The phenomenon of money laundering has become one of the problems of the global economy in the present age. Therefore, countries and international forums seriously intend to deal with this phenomenon and its destructive effects and consequences. The Islamic Republic of Iran, like other countries, passed the Anti-Money Laundering Law in twelve articles to combat money laundering. In addition to the problems and destructive effects that this phenomenon has on the economies of countries, including the Islamic Republic of Iran, the existence of Article 1 of the Anti-Money Laundering Law has caused many problems, including the failure to open cases and vote. Accordingly, the present study, relying on traditional arguments of the rule of Amare Yad and government jurisprudence, examines its effect on the crime of money laundering and the rightness or wrongness of removing it from the law, and then concludes that the removal of Amare Yad on the crime of money laundering is against the rules and regulations of Sharia and law. Manuscript profile
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        164 - The Criterion of Payment of Debt and Borrowings in Condition of Increasing the Purchasing Power of Money after the Expiration of the Debt
        Seyyed Rahmatollah Danesh Mirkohan Seyyed Mohammad Hassan Haeri Ahmad Ali Yousefi
        10.22034/ijrj.2019.666895
        The value of credit money may increase due to some reasons. In the premise of devaluation, there are clear jurisprudential views about the amount of repayment of debt after maturity. However, in case that the value of money increases, how much the debtor should repay? S More
        The value of credit money may increase due to some reasons. In the premise of devaluation, there are clear jurisprudential views about the amount of repayment of debt after maturity. However, in case that the value of money increases, how much the debtor should repay? Since the actual due (right) of the creditor and debtor is jurisprudentially an important issue, this question must be clearly answered. Answering to this important question, on one hand, requires a precise examination of some aspects of the issue of credit money, and, on the other hand, needs the presentation of clear jurisprudential proofs. According to the stated assumptions, the research hypothesis is as follows: The purchasing power of money in the debt is the criterion of payment of debt in the premise of the increased value of the money. Using a descriptive-analytical method and collecting library data, we concluded that in the event of a sharp increase in the value of money, and while the debtor is not able to pay the debt at maturity date, he must pay an amount lower than the nominal amount received to the creditor. However, in the event of a slight increase in the value of the money, the payment of the nominal amount is considered the full payment of the debt. If the purchasing power of money has increased since the time of its receiving until the time of its payment, and the debtor pays the debt after the deadline despite the ability to pay, he needs to pay the received nominal to the creditor to compensate the losses. Manuscript profile
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        165 - The conflict and justification of the reversal of the burden of proof in money laundering with the principles and rules of jurisprudence
        abolfazl alishahi Mahdiyah Maali
        10.22034/ijrj.2022.694912
        Money laundering means legalizing the origin of dirty money, among new crimes that the legislator has more sensitively approved due to its specific characteristics and apparent conflict with some jurisprudential foundations and documents. Also, its jurisprudential docum More
        Money laundering means legalizing the origin of dirty money, among new crimes that the legislator has more sensitively approved due to its specific characteristics and apparent conflict with some jurisprudential foundations and documents. Also, its jurisprudential documentation is not well clarified and at the first glance, it seems to be in conflict with some jurisprudential principles and rules among which is the burden of proof process. In criminal lawsuits, the prosecuting attorney basically proves the cause, and based on this, one is obliged to prove the elements of the alleged crime. But this issue is reversed in the crime of money laundering and the burden of proving the legality of the obtained money is placed on the accused. Therefore, apparently, the process of prosecution, trial, and proof of a crime is in conflict with such fundamental rules as the rule of "Al-Bina Ala Al-Mada'i", the rule of "Yad", the principle of "quietus" and the principle of "authenticity". In this regard, the text of the amendment of the Anti-Money Laundering Law approved in 2017 states that the legislator has paid attention to this point, and in notes 1 and 3 of article 2 of this law, he considers the meaning of knowledge to be the same as the knowledge of a judge as stated in the Islamic Penal Code. Therefore, if the meaning of suspicion is close to judge knowledge in this law, relying on the evidence of the authority of the judge's knowledge, the crime can be easily proven, and the issue of reversal of the burden of proof is eliminated. And, if a problem is stated that the strength of the evidence of suspicion is close to the knowledge, it does not reach the level of knowledge of a judge. Here, with the objectivity of suspicion and the incompleteness of its evidence, the mentioned conflict will be created, which must be resolved. The leading research with jurisprudential and principled approach and with descriptive-analytical method has expressed and resolved the mentioned conflicts and finally, the non-conflict of these rules has been concluded. Manuscript profile
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        166 - Jurisprudential Study of the Time of Calculation of Compensation for Late Payment in Administrative Offenses of Rejection of Monetary Property
        Ali Akbar Youssefi rad Seyyed Hossein Sadat Hosseni Ramazan Dehghan
        10.22034/ijrj.2021.680391
        In criminal offenses with restitution of property, such as robbery and fraud, if found guilty of the said crimes and attributed to the accused, in addition to the sentence of legal punishment, the accused is also sentenced to restitute property of theft and fraud by law More
        In criminal offenses with restitution of property, such as robbery and fraud, if found guilty of the said crimes and attributed to the accused, in addition to the sentence of legal punishment, the accused is also sentenced to restitute property of theft and fraud by law. If the plaintiff files a claim for delayed payment of damages along with a criminal complaint, given that there may be several times in criminal cases (1. Time when theft or fraud was committed; 2, Time for filing a complaint in the court; 3. Time of final verdict), the court will sentence the accused to pay damages for the loss of value of the money, called delayed payment, at a specific time. According to Article 522 of the Code of Civil Procedure, which considers the claim to be the basis for delay payment in the above cases, one of the abovementioned times will be selected as the claim. However, it can be added that since Article 522 considers the basis of calculation to be the time of claim, should the liability determined so that the time of claim may be regarded as the basis of calculation. Whenever liability has not yet been determined or the accused refuses crimes (robbery and fraud), and on the other hand, the amount of debt is still uncertain, should the time of filing a complaint be the basis of calculating delayed payment or one of the abovementioned times should be the basis of calculations? It seems that the time for calculating delayed payment of crimes with restitution of money is the time when theft or fraud was committed. Manuscript profile
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        167 - Analyzing and criticizing the documentation of the legitimacy of the addition of Article 1082 of the Civil Code with reference to the rule of al-kharaj in the guarantee
        shahla molavi Fezeh Moghtadai Farhnaz Afzali GHadi
        10.22034/ijrj.2022.694922
        On August 28th, 1997, a single article consisting of two notes was added to Article 1082 of the Civil Code. According to Note 1 of this single article, "If the dowry is the currency, it will be calculated and paid according to the change in the annual price index of the More
        On August 28th, 1997, a single article consisting of two notes was added to Article 1082 of the Civil Code. According to Note 1 of this single article, "If the dowry is the currency, it will be calculated and paid according to the change in the annual price index of the payment time compared to the year of the contract, which is determined by the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran." Although the enactment of this single article shows that its provisions are legal, its legitimacy is a matter of controversy among jurists due to the lack of text and suspicion of usury. Some rules have been cited as the basis for the jurisprudential principles of this Article, including the rules of “Zamane yad”, “La Zarar”, and the necessity of observing justice and generalities such as fulfilling [all] contracts (“awfuu bialeuqud”). In this research, while analyzing and criticizing these documents, its legitimacy is proved using a descriptive-analytical method based on the rule of “al-Kharaj be al-Zaman”, which is a narration narrated from the Holy Prophet (PBUH). The rule states that the benefits are the function of property of the sold, and the guarantor of the sold will be profited from the benefits. This rule is applicable to all debt contracts, including marriage. Obviously, reliance on jurisprudential sources is the basic principle in every rule and law. Manuscript profile
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        168 - Effect of attenuated lactobacillus plantarum as adjunct starter on lipolysis and organoleptic characteristics of UF white cheese
        رامین Atazadeh گیتی Karim جواد Hesari شهرام Hanifian
           The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of attenuated adjunct culture of lactobacillus plantarum on the lipolysis of UF-white cheese as measured by acid degree value, the fatty acids profile, physicochemical, microbial and sensory chara More
           The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of attenuated adjunct culture of lactobacillus plantarum on the lipolysis of UF-white cheese as measured by acid degree value, the fatty acids profile, physicochemical, microbial and sensory characteristics during ripening. The results showed that, treated UF cheeses exhibited no significant (p>0.05) differences in chemical composition (dry matter, fat, salt and pH) in comparison with the control UF cheeses throughout 60 days of ripening. Total bacterial count and mesophilic lactobacillus count in the UF cheeses using attenuated adjunct starter were significantly (p<0.01) higher than the control cheeses after 45 days of ripening. The results of fatty acid profiles revealed that due to increasing of the lipolysis in the first 30 days of ripening, the samples containing attenuated adjunct lactobacillus plantarum had significantly (p< 0.01) lower percentages of fatty acids with medium and short chains (C4:0-C14:0) in comparison with the control cheeses while the percentage of fatty acids with long chains (C16:0-C18:3) increased. Acid degree value, as indicated by total free fatty acids was significantly (p<0.01) higher in cheeses using attenuated adjunct lactobacillus plantarum. In organoleptic evaluation, UF cheeses received significantly (p<0.01) higher total scores than the control samples on day 45. Finally, it could be concluded that cheeses produced by attenuated adjunct lactobacillus plantarum have more nutritional quality than the control UF cheeses. Manuscript profile
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        169 - The effect of eight weeks of propolis consumption during resistance training on the Glutathione peroxidase activity of kidney tissue of male rats consuming testosterone enanthate
        masoumeh mehrabi yaser kazemzadeh Seyed Ali hoseini Saeid Sedaghati
        10.30495/varzesh.2023.1987418.1055
        Introduction: Anabolic androgenic steroids are often used by athletes to improve sports performance. Kidney damage has been reported as a side effect of abuse of these substances. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of propolis consumpti More
        Introduction: Anabolic androgenic steroids are often used by athletes to improve sports performance. Kidney damage has been reported as a side effect of abuse of these substances. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of propolis consumption during eight weeks of resistance training on Glutathione peroxidase activity in kidney tissue in male rats consuming testosterone enanthate.Methodology: In this experimental study, 32 male mice with an age of 8 weeks and an average weight of 250 ± 50 grams were prepared. after two weeks of familiarization and weighing twice a week, the mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control(C), sham(RT), resistance training +testosterone(RT+T) and resistance training+testosterone+propolis(RT+T+P) group were divided. The resistance training program was carried out 5 days a week with two rest days a week. The weights were 60% of body weight in the first week and 20% of body weight was added every week. Rats receiving steroids received 20 mg of testosterone enanthate intramuscularly. The receiving group received 400 mg of propolis cleanser by gavage. After dissection, kidney tissue was sampled to measure GPX concentration. Data analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance with SPSS24.Findings: The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference in the research groups (P=0.0001). According to Bonferroni's post hoc test, GPX levels in the exercise+testosterone and exercise+testosterone+propolis groups have significantly decreased compared to the control and sham groups.Discussion and conclusion: It seems that testosterone consumption can be effective in increasing oxidative stress factors in the kidney tissue of resistance-trained rats. The use of propolis to treat the side effects of steroids has not had the desired effect in the short term. Manuscript profile
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        170 - A review on determining the effect of aerobic exercise and octapamine supplementation on vascular function following metabolic disorders
        fatemeh shokri Mohamad ali Azarbayjani Maghsood Peeri Farshad Ghazalian
        10.30495/varzesh.2023.1987698.1058
        Background: Obesity, which is a characteristic of metabolic syndrome. Based on this, obese people are in a mild inflammation condition due to abnormal secretion of inflammatory mediators. There are several mechanisms for the occurrence of this inflammation, the most imp More
        Background: Obesity, which is a characteristic of metabolic syndrome. Based on this, obese people are in a mild inflammation condition due to abnormal secretion of inflammatory mediators. There are several mechanisms for the occurrence of this inflammation, the most important of which is the increasing production of inflammatory mediators and the reduction of anti-inflammatory mediators. Deep-heated oils, as an integral part of the diet, are one of the causes of inflammation in obesity. Studies show that with the development of obesity, capillary formation in adipose tissue does not occur in line with changes in cell size. Therefore, fat tissue in obese people is always associated with lack of oxygen and the secretion of inflammatory mediators causes systemic inflammation.Methods: To conduct the present study, the keyword terms Aerobic Exercise, Metabolic disorders, and Octapamine were searched in all databases, including Science of Web, Pubmed, Google, Magiran, SID.IR, scholar risk factors, etc., with no year restrictions. The articles were then categorized based on the effect of performing aerobic exercise and octapamine supplementation on vascular function following metabolic disorders.Findings: The results show that aerobic exercise and octapamine supplementation improve the process of angiogenesis of visceral fat tissue that has been disrupted by deep-fried oils and reduces the damage caused by feeding with deep fried oils.Conclusions: Taking deep-heated oils leads to disturbances in fat metabolism in visceral fat tissue, and in this condition, capillary formation in visceral fat tissue decreases significantly and insulin resistance increases. As a result, this is associated with functional disorders of visceral fat tissue. However, aerobic exercise and octapamine improve the angiogenesis process of visceral fat tissue and reduce the damage caused by feeding with deep-heated oils. Manuscript profile
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        171 - The role of automobile factories and Moin Kagaz Raje company on the air pollution of Khashroodpi city of Babol using the Leopold matrix method
        mohammad Motamedi ahmad araeyan mahdi vatanparast
        The purpose of the present study is to investigate industrially produced pollutants of two automobile factories and Moin Paper Company of Rajah Industrial Town and its role on the pollution of Khashrudepi city, which is the closest city to Rajah Industrial Town. The que More
        The purpose of the present study is to investigate industrially produced pollutants of two automobile factories and Moin Paper Company of Rajah Industrial Town and its role on the pollution of Khashrudepi city, which is the closest city to Rajah Industrial Town. The question raised in this research is to what extent the two Rajah industrial factories affect the air pollution of Khashrudopi city. This research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and correlational in terms of research method. This research is done to find out the existence of the relationship between the variables, but it is not necessary to discover the cause and effect relationship. The methods used to collect and analyze data in this research are list method, checklist and Leopold's matrix. The relationship and correlation between the values of the investigated parameters were investigated by Pearson's correlation test and SPSS software. Since the Pearson test can be performed for normal data, the Kolmogorov-Smironov test was first performed to check the normality of the data. The obtained results indicate that there is a direct relationship between the changes in the pollutant parameters of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, fine dust with a size of 10 microns, and nitrogen dioxide in the two regions of Rajah and Khashrudepi industrial towns, and there is significance between the two regions regarding the parameter Ozone was not detected. Manuscript profile
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        172 - Determining the status of tree and shrub type in irano-torani region (Case Study: Beik Poolad Watershed)
        zahara azizi hamodollah sadeghi afshin hajimirzaei
        Understanding the vegetation cover of the each region is foundation of ecological studies and environmental planning. This study aimed to identify the type of tree and shrubs were conducted in the region of Big Pooled in North Kherson. In this regard first, forest regio More
        Understanding the vegetation cover of the each region is foundation of ecological studies and environmental planning. This study aimed to identify the type of tree and shrubs were conducted in the region of Big Pooled in North Kherson. In this regard first, forest region map and shrub lands area were prepared using the visual interpretation with IRS-P6 satellite images and vector layers on base google earth. The tree or shrub layer cover components were separated by density classes. Therefore for identified to each Polygon using the dominant type at least half a hectare by referring to area and field visit. To improve the accuracy of perceptions about the area of each Polygon, on vector map of the areas covered by trees and shrubs were designed a systematic random sample include of 65 transect. The information that was collected includes the type and ground operations cover for each species on the samples and for the assessment final correct data type named, using this information. In this study, 25 species of trees and shrubs were identified in 35 types. The type identified species means species that have appeared as the first or second species, was formed including 11 types of Jonpierus, 7 type of Acer, 9 type of Paliurus Spina-christi and Berberis with 2 types. The highest density class was in juniper type and juniper with associated species was in the 50-75% class. Manuscript profile
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        173 - Study and comparison of morphological and phytochemical traits of Mentha pulegium L. in different habitats of Guilan province
        Azizollah Kheiry Zahra baharmast mohsen sanikhani Ali Soleimani
        M. pulegium is belongs to Lamiaceae. Pulegon as a main ingredient in mint has antimicrobial and aromatic properties which has been used to treatment of many diseases. In this study M. pulegium were collected from three natural habitats of Ziaber, Masal and Abkenard in t More
        M. pulegium is belongs to Lamiaceae. Pulegon as a main ingredient in mint has antimicrobial and aromatic properties which has been used to treatment of many diseases. In this study M. pulegium were collected from three natural habitats of Ziaber, Masal and Abkenard in the flowering stage in Guilan province. Also, rhizomes of habitat samples were cultivated in the research farm of Zanjan University in the same year. The rhizomes of the these populations were collected in the spring of 2017 and transferred to the research farm of Zanjan University. In the summer of the same year, flowering branches were harvested from natural habitates. The essential oil was extracted by using a Clevenger apparatus and water distillation and were and bused by GC and GC-MS. Results were showed that the polygon were highly varied in all populations, in which the highest and lowest content of pulegone was observed in cultivated population in Zanjan and Abkenar population with 54.43% and 40.19%, respectively. According to the results, the populations grown habitat were superior to morphological traits such as leaf length, plant height and number of internodes. A higher percentage of essential oil was observed in the cultivated population, it may be due to decrease in rainfall, an increase in altitude, as well as differences in latitude and longitude. The pulegon and camphene in Ziaber region had the highest amount with 49.17% and 11.84%, respectively, in Masal region, pulegon with 49.47% and gamaterpinen with 24.24% and in Abkenar region, pulegon (40.19%) and gamaterpinen (11.56%) were the most compounds. The high amount of these compounds in the studied populations indicates the high quality of essential oil in this medicinal plant. In this study, the cultivated populations had fewer compounds with a high percentage of the main compounds compared to other populations, so it seems they have more superiority and potential for breeding and domestication programs. Manuscript profile
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        174 - The study of the freezing and drying effects on quantity and quality of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil and caffeic acid
        Elham Tazikeh Lemeski Javad Mahdavi Mighan
        This study to was evaluated the effect of freezing and drying methods on quality and quantity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil. The leaves of plant in blooming were collected from the medicinal plant garden in Islamic Azad University of Gorgan branch in July 2 More
        This study to was evaluated the effect of freezing and drying methods on quality and quantity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil. The leaves of plant in blooming were collected from the medicinal plant garden in Islamic Azad University of Gorgan branch in July 2014. The samples were prepared in four groups: fresh, dried, fresh frozen and dried frozen. Essential oils were obtained by steam distillation (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC/MS. The caffeic acid content of samples was measured by HPLC.  Results were showed in all oils: iso-bornyl acetate (11.5%-14.3%), camphor (11.34%-12.7%), pulegone (7.8%-10.6%), α-phellandrene (0.3%-9.2%), β-caryophyllene (2.1%-8.87%), α-terpineol (3.34%-9.8%), 1,8-cineol (0.93%-6.7%), linalool (0%-4.45%) and camphen (3.3%-5.7%) were the major common constituents. The greatest amount of caffeic acid was reported in fresh samples of plant (0.016 mg / gram of plant leaves). According to results in both fresh and dried samples the essential oils had the highest quality and quantity ingredients.  Although the trans-pinocarveol (5.1%), sabinene (4.8%), trans-ocymen (6.3%), geranyl acetate (15.2%) just were observed in fresh and dried samples. According to another researches, these constituents of plant oil have high antioxidant, anti-pathogen, anti-inflammation and anti-infection activity. Therefore it is recommended to improve the quality of plant processing by using fresh and dried materials. Manuscript profile
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        175 - Essential oil composition of Mentha longifolia L. Hudson. in different parts of Fars and Khorasan Razavi provinces
        Hassan Feizi zohre hoseeini Safiyeh Vatandoost Jertoodeh masoud alipanah
        Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson. is belongs to Lamiaceae family which has been used as antiseptic, anti inflammation , astringent , tonic, antispasmodic, carminative and calming. The current experiment was aimed to comparision of quality and quantities of plant essential More
        Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson. is belongs to Lamiaceae family which has been used as antiseptic, anti inflammation , astringent , tonic, antispasmodic, carminative and calming. The current experiment was aimed to comparision of quality and quantities of plant essential oil  in different parts of Fars and Khorasan Razavi provinces. The aerial parts of plant in blooming were collected from ten natural regions in two provinces during summer 2015 . The essential oils were extracted by  using water distillation method and  were analyzed by  GC and GC/MS. Results were showed that the highest essence efficiency of M. longifolia were reported from Chenaran, Mashhad and Kashmar regions  in Khorasan province. The highest of 1,8-cineole (36.47%) and mentole (16.3%) were reported from Fasa region, but pulegon with 45,2-49.5% were obtained from Kuvar and Bavanat region, respectively and finaly the highest of piperiton oxide (18.3%) and piperitenone (55.3%) were reported from Kazerun region in Fars province. So in conclusion, the M.longifolia due to the presence of more variation multiple compounds have significant potential for use in domestication and breeding programs.   Manuscript profile
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        176 - Investigation on variation of alkaloids content in different parts of Physalis divaricata D. Don. From Shahrekord region
        Elham Moallem Prof. Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Iraj Mehregan Taher Nejhad Sattari Alireza Iranbakhsh
        Physalis divaricata D. Don.is a medicinal plant belonging to Solanaceae family. It consists of different tropane alkaloids, especially atropine, scopolamine, and physalin. In this study, P. divaricata was cultivated at greenhouse conditions in the field experimental of More
        Physalis divaricata D. Don.is a medicinal plant belonging to Solanaceae family. It consists of different tropane alkaloids, especially atropine, scopolamine, and physalin. In this study, P. divaricata was cultivated at greenhouse conditions in the field experimental of Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord. So various parts of plant, including root, stem, leaf, fruit, and flower at the late flowering stage were harvested in Spring 2015 and then the ethanolic extracts of the samples were obtained by soxhlet extraction method. The contents of atropine, scopolamineand physalin B were measured by calculating the curve of HPLC with three replications. The comparison results at the 5% level indicated that the fruits extract had the highest content of physalin B, the highest content of atropine was reported from the leaves extract and the highest content of scopolamine was reported from the flower extract. In conclusion, the main source of the secondary metabolites seemed to be a difference in type parts of the herb.  Manuscript profile
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        177 - Study on Changes of Atropine and Scopolamine Content and Growth Characteristics of Atropa belladonna L. affected by Bio-fertilizers and Chemical-fertilizers
        Mohammad Inanloo Far Hassanali Naghdi Badi Mostafa Heidari Majid Tolyat Abolhasani Hassan Makarian Mohammad Reza Amerian
          Abstract Nowadays, the use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacter (PGPR) as a biofertilizers is one of the ways to improve growth and phytochemical characteristics of medicinal plants. This study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on randomized comple More
          Abstract Nowadays, the use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacter (PGPR) as a biofertilizers is one of the ways to improve growth and phytochemical characteristics of medicinal plants. This study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the research farm of the Institute of Medicinal Plants - ACECR in 2017.The growth-promoting bacteria as a first factor were non-inoculation, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas + Azotobacter, and Thiobacillus + Sulfur. The chemical fertilizers as a second factor were no fertilizer or control, 50% recommended fertilizer and 100% recommended fertilizer. At flowering stage, the alkaloids were extracted by using chloroform, methanol and ammonia solvents. The amount of atropine and scopolamine was measured by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biological and chemical fertilizers, as well as their interaction effect had significant effect (p<0.01) on growth traits, atropine and scopolamine content of leaf and root. The maximum biological yield was observed in Pseudomonas with 100% of recommended fertilizer. The highest amount of leaves atropine and scopolamine was related to Pseudomonas with 50% fertilizer and non-biofertilizer treatment with 50% recommended fertilizer, respectively. The highest amount of root atropine was related to Pseudomonas without chemical fertilizer application. The highest content of root scopolamine was observed in treatment of Pseudomonas with 100% recommended. Therefore, the highest biological yield and the amount of atropine in leaves and roots, as well as the scopolamine content of the root were obtained using Pseudomonas application. Manuscript profile
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        178 - Phytochemical Study of Ethanolic Extract of Fraxinus excelsior L. in Different Habitats of Hyrcanian Forests in Mazandaran Province
        Masoomeh Soleimany Rahim abadi seyed mohammad hosseini nar hamid jalilvand seyed mohammad hojatti poriya biparva
        10.30495/ejmp.2021.694471
        Fraxinus excelsior L. is a forest species with versatile biological and medicinal activities that its extracts are used as a model for making new compounds in the treatment of various human diseases. In this study, in order to investigate how the biochemical characteris More
        Fraxinus excelsior L. is a forest species with versatile biological and medicinal activities that its extracts are used as a model for making new compounds in the treatment of various human diseases. In this study, in order to investigate how the biochemical characteristics of this forest species are affected by environmental conditions, four habitats of Perchink, Amreh, Alandan and Qarnsara with an altitude of 200 to 1400 meters, were selected in Tajan and Siahroud watersheds located in Mazandaran province. In each habitat, skin samples were taken from 3 trees (repeated) in summer. Ethanol extracts were obtained by maceration and were analyzed by GC/MS and the physical and chemical properties of the soil samples were measured. The most important compounds of extracts were included:  benzeneethanol (30.33-51.35%), d-allose (6.20-31.72%), scopoletin (14.65-26.83%), tyrosol acetate (5.37-9.06%), carvacrol (0-4.93%), homovanillyl alcohol (3.84- 6.53%) which increased with increasing altitude. Also, there was negative relationship between the identified compounds and soil nutrients. Among them, only polyphenol tyrosol acetate behaved differently from the other compounds in a way that showed a negative relationship with the altitude factor and a positive correlation with the amount of carbon and absorbable phosphorus in the soil. Also, the chemical composition of d-allose was not observed in Perchink habitat. These results were showed that the chemical properties of this tree skin are affected by habitat conditions, which caused increases the species' resistance to pathogens. As a result, considering that the amount of active ingredients in this species was higher at higher altitudes and the presence of these compounds increases the resistance to pathogens, it seems planting this species is more productive at higher altitudes to achieve multiple goals in afforestation. Manuscript profile
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        179 - Phytochemical investigation of essential Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. In the natural habitats of Alborz and Mazandaran provinces
        مینا ربیعی مریم فیروزی اردستانی یونس عصری غلامرضا بخشی خانیکی
        10.30495/ejmp.2015.694501
        Manuscript profile
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        180 - Comparative Study of Regeneration of Worn Urban Textures of Khayam Block, Tehran (Iran) and Liverpool 1 Project (the UK)
        Alireza Andalib Ashkan Bayat Leil Rasouli
        In 1990’s  we witnessed the  revision of almost  all scientific, philosophical, and artistic areas in human knowledge, for this reason, the view of urban renovation and restoration was changed compared with that of previous decades when a minor atte More
        In 1990’s  we witnessed the  revision of almost  all scientific, philosophical, and artistic areas in human knowledge, for this reason, the view of urban renovation and restoration was changed compared with that of previous decades when a minor attention was paid to urban regeneration issues. Considering the past of historical identity of different period, it has a new identity consistent with conditions of today’s life on its agenda. Accordingly, urban regeneration becomes a comprehensive concept, a concept that considers improvement and rehabilitation of old textures in all economic, physical, social, and cultural dimensions. This research is a comparative study of regeneration of Khayam texture of Tehran, and Liverpool 1 in  the UK, because both samples are located in central texture of the city, and their surrounding textures has identity-related values. Regeneration plan for Liverpool 1 project (2008) was recognized as the Europe’s best regeneration project, and Khayam block redevelopment project (Tehran) is also the largest recreation plan conducted by Tehran municipality after Islamic Revolution. This comparison aims to study objectives and measures in the two plan, the reasons behind the success of Liverpool 1, non-realization of predetermined objectives in regeneration of Khayam, and finally, provision of solutions for realization of predetermined objective of Khayam texture. The result is that adoption of short term and temporal policies, with consistent and prearranged planning, and lack of public participation from the beginning to the end, and failure to consider historical identity and position of Khayam texture resulted in failure of Khayam regeneration. Descriptive-analytical and comparative research method was used. Data collection was conducted by documentary, library and field observation method. Manuscript profile
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        181 - The Effects of Human Capital Accounting on Financial Performance of Branches of Bank Melli Iran (Case Study: Branches of Bank Melli of Mashhad)
        seiid mohammad naser razavi heidary dariush damoori mehdi sabokro
        Organizations in the current state of the economy and the increasing intensity of competition are no more than a matter of paying attention to their own human capital. The American Accounting Association has offered to focus on non-monetary measures in accounting as the More
        Organizations in the current state of the economy and the increasing intensity of competition are no more than a matter of paying attention to their own human capital. The American Accounting Association has offered to focus on non-monetary measures in accounting as the focus of future research. Therefore, with the help of a non-monetary valuation approach in human capital accounting, we seek to investigate the relationship between human capital valuation and the financial performance of the branches of the Bank Melli.For this purpose, 105 human capital valuation indices and financial performance of branches of the Bank were investigated. The statistical population of the research is all employees of the Bank Branches of Mashhad and the sample size is 285 people. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. SmartPLS and SPSS21 software were used to analyze the data. The results show that there is a significant and positive relationship between human capital valuation and financial performance of branches (0.320). the factors influencing the formation of human capital accounting are values, obedience and work conscientiousness, individual virtue, work virtue, leadership and coaching ability, creativity, job satisfaction, banking and interbank relations, and so on.Human capital valuation and accounting of this intangible asset leads to business growth and prosperity. The more attention paid to human capital, we will see the better performance of the organization. Manuscript profile
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        182 - The Comparison of Bertold Spuler's Views and Opinions with Russian Researchers on the Situation of Religion in Ilkhanid Period
        karaim faraji Monirh kazemirashed Ali salarishadi manijeh sadri
        Several scholars have investigated the religious situation of the Mongol era. Each of them, in their own opinion, sometimes cited, and some by prejudice and according to their particular tendencies, have paid attention to it. However, in order to understand the nature o More
        Several scholars have investigated the religious situation of the Mongol era. Each of them, in their own opinion, sometimes cited, and some by prejudice and according to their particular tendencies, have paid attention to it. However, in order to understand the nature of religion and religious politics in the Mongol period, considering the conditions and requirements of the Mongol invasion, it is necessary to examine the views and opinions of different scholars, in order to determine the approaches of this research to this issue, and the reasons and how Such processes will be clear. On the other hand, the comparative and comparative evaluation of the opinions of these researchers and their assessment of "classical documents" and "historical evidence" can undoubtedly be important in this understanding and approach. Therefore, the present research analyzes the comparison and evaluation of the views of Spuler (as one of the Western scholars in the Mongol history) with the views and attitudes of the Russian scholars on the state of religion in the Mongol era, seeking to answer this main question. What is the analytical perspective on the Mongolian religious situation consistent with reality? The research method in this study will be based on comparative analysis Manuscript profile
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        183 - The monetary system of Muslims in Iran until the end of the Umayyad rule
        Abas Shahraki Ebrahim Khorasani Parizi Ali Rahimisadegh
        In this study, which has been compiled as a library, an attempt has been made to examine the attitude of Muslim Arabs towards the monetary system of Iran, which was the main basis of the Sassanid financial system. Historical narrations show that the second caliph, consi More
        In this study, which has been compiled as a library, an attempt has been made to examine the attitude of Muslim Arabs towards the monetary system of Iran, which was the main basis of the Sassanid financial system. Historical narrations show that the second caliph, considering the lack of Arab history in government and financial affairs, accepted the Iranian financial system and made adjustments to bring it in line with Islam. In the financial system inherited from Muslims, money and coins are of great importance. It was because in addition to facilitating trade, it would gain the wealth of the Islamic Caliphate, so the Islamic caliphs minted the Sassanid coins again with a few changes in the name of the Sassanid Arabs, and until 1977, when Abdul Malik minted the first independent Islamic coin, The east was the same Sassanid Arab coins, and from this year onwards, independent Islamic coins were minted in the lands of the Islamic Caliphate in the east and west, and of course each caliph made changes to its design and role, and perhaps these coins are called He himself became famous. Manuscript profile
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        184 - Money Priming and Trust among Children: Evidence of a Field Experiment
        Zahra Ebrahimi Masoud Homayounifar Mehdi Feizi
        10.30495/eco.2021.1897413.2345
        In addition to typical functions of money such as a medium of exchange, a means of evaluation, and storing the value of goods and services, it also has a symbolic character. Money due to its symbolic character can be used as a social goal in regulating interpersonal and More
        In addition to typical functions of money such as a medium of exchange, a means of evaluation, and storing the value of goods and services, it also has a symbolic character. Money due to its symbolic character can be used as a social goal in regulating interpersonal and intrapersonal relationships. On the one hand, priming is one of the most important ways to highlight the symbolic aspect of money. On the other hand, trust is one of the essential aspects of human relations. We conduct a trust game experiment on 511 fourth-grade girl students from the public schools in Mashhad. The results showed that children primed with money in the experimental group, on average, trust more than the control group. Manuscript profile
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        185 - The effect of monetary policy on production and inflation in the context of gender discrimination in the Iranian labor market
        Heidar Zobeidi Karim Emami Farhad Ghaffari
        10.30495/eco.2021.1909192.2420
            The main purpose of this paper is to explain the effect of monetary policy shock on output and inflation variables in the context of gender discrimination in the Iranian labor market using the new Keynesian stochastic dynamic equilibrium mode More
            The main purpose of this paper is to explain the effect of monetary policy shock on output and inflation variables in the context of gender discrimination in the Iranian labor market using the new Keynesian stochastic dynamic equilibrium model during the period 2008-2009. The results of solving the model showed that the existence of gender discrimination in the Iranian labor market as a destructive phenomenon leads to economic inefficiencies such as reduced wages for men and women, consumption, production and welfare. The results also showed that in the context of gender discrimination, the transmission of the expansionary monetary policy shock to the variables of production and inflation is weaker than the conditions of non-discrimination. Based on the results, awareness of the hidden economic and social angles of this phenomenon and sensitization to planning for maximum elimination through the enactment of laws and the creation of special women's unions and responsible control and monitoring of institutions involved in the real situation of women workers in the Iranian labor market is suggested.       Manuscript profile
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        186 - The Impact of Bank Facilities in Different Areas of Economy on the Growth of the Added Values in Industry, Services, Agriculture, Building Construction and Housing  
        Mohsen Fatthi Aghababa Khosrow Azizi Mahmmod Mahmmodzade
        10.30495/eco.2020.674218
        This study is aimed of investigating the impact of the offered facilities of the banking system in fields of industry, services, agriculture, construction and housing on the added values of the aforementioned fields which was the steady state approach in the economic gr More
        This study is aimed of investigating the impact of the offered facilities of the banking system in fields of industry, services, agriculture, construction and housing on the added values of the aforementioned fields which was the steady state approach in the economic growth models, to reach this, systematic generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM) and time period information (data) from 1370 to 1396 have been used in Iran’s economic. The results of investigation from estimated equations indicate that non-duty and duty offered facilities has had a positive and significant effect on the added values in economic areas.Among these, the share of offered facilities to services, industry and mines, construction, housing and agriculture have had the greatest effect on the added values respectively. Prioritization of sectors based on economic return to scale and the amount of optimal allocation of bank credit can have favorable effects on the value added of various economic sectors in Iran. Manuscript profile
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        187 - The Test of Trade Balance Effect Symmetry and the Incidence of Effects of Monetary Policy on Output and Inflation
        seyyedeh sajedeh pourmohammadi amir mansour tehranchian saeed rasekhi
        10.30495/eco.2020.672516
            The economy of Iran, since 1385s In addition to significiant decrease in output has experienced the high and two-digit inflation rates. For this reason, review of determinantes of inflation rate and output has a remarkable necessity. The factors like More
            The economy of Iran, since 1385s In addition to significiant decrease in output has experienced the high and two-digit inflation rates. For this reason, review of determinantes of inflation rate and output has a remarkable necessity. The factors like population growth, Eccessive technological advancement, private investment and initial level of per capita income and money growth are the variables affecting on the growth. Also, the idea of “inflationary money” has the relative consensus among economists, but identifying of the factors that determine the intensity of the effectiveness of the monetary policy on inflation rate and output makes it possible for monetary policymakers to planning for controlling inflation and increasing the output. Trade Openness is one of the factors that has a determinative role in review of difference the effectiveness of money growth on inflation rate and output in different countries. The aim of the present study is the test of Trade balance effect symmetry and the Incidence of the effects of monetary policy on economic growth and inflation. For this purpose, years 2000-2014, related to 34 selected countries with high middle-income and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) have been used. The research showed that more trade openness leads to increase the impact of monetary policy on output and decease the impact of monetary policy on inflation.the more trade liberalization through omitting or decreasing of tarrifs and import quotas are the main suggestions of this study Manuscript profile
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        188 - Modeling Extreme Dependence of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) to Crude Oil Price: An Approach based on Copula Functions
        Hamid Abrishami Mohsen Mehara Mojtaba Mohammadian
        10.30495/eco.2022.1949896.2614
        The objective of this study is to model the extreme dependence structure from the crude oil price to Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) index. For this purpose, the conditional extreme value theory (C-EVT) was used to model the marginal distribution of returns on stock and oil More
        The objective of this study is to model the extreme dependence structure from the crude oil price to Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) index. For this purpose, the conditional extreme value theory (C-EVT) was used to model the marginal distribution of returns on stock and oil market during the period 2008 to 2021. Then, the dependence structure of the extreme return was estimated by Copula models. The results showed that the crude oil market has contagion effects on the TSE. These effects are asymmetric and there is more dependence on the left tail. In other words, as crude oil price falls, decline of the total index is expected and these effects are greater when a positive simultaneous change occurs between variables. Due to the financial risks of the existence of contagion, considering structural extreme dependence can calculate the portfolio risk accurately and reliably. Therefore, it is suggested to pay attention to the structure of extreme dependencies between assets in order to optimize the portfolio. Manuscript profile
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        189 - Investigating the Interactive Effects of Monetary and Macroprudential Policies on the Stability of the Banking System: Evidence from Iranian Economy
        Leila Pashazadeh Hossein Asgharpur Sakineh Sojoodi Zahra Karimi Takanlou
        10.30495/eco.2023.1993582.2778
        The main objective of this study is to investigate the interactive effects of monetary and macroprudential policies on the stability of Iranian banking system. For this purpose, the effects of monetary and macroprudential policies and interactive of these two policies h More
        The main objective of this study is to investigate the interactive effects of monetary and macroprudential policies on the stability of Iranian banking system. For this purpose, the effects of monetary and macroprudential policies and interactive of these two policies have been evaluated using the annual time series data of 24 private and government banks of Iran during the period of 2007-2019 and using generalized moments method (GMM).The results show that the monetary policies have significantly caused the instability of the banking system, and the macroprudential policies have significantly increased the stability of the banks. Also, empirical findings of the research show that, the interaction of monetary policies and macroprudential has a positive and significant effect on the stability of banks. This result indicates that the implementation of macro reserve policies in Iran has caused the effects of monetary policies to be modified on the instability of banks. Hence, it is necessary for the economic policy makers to consider these interactions when designing monetary and macro prudential policy interventions. In fact, economic policymakers are advised to use macroprudential policies to strengthen the stability of the banking system when implementing expansionary monetary policies. Manuscript profile
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        190 - Role of Financial Development in Monetary Policy Effectiveness in determinate of Input and inflation
        Seyedeh Maryam Monfared Teymoor Mohammadi mohammad khezri Oranoos Parivar
        10.30495/eco.2022.1943459.2585
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of financial development on efficiency of monetary policy in Iran during 1979-2020. The ratio of banks' domestic credit to GDP was considered as an indicator of financial development based on banking sector and rati More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of financial development on efficiency of monetary policy in Iran during 1979-2020. The ratio of banks' domestic credit to GDP was considered as an indicator of financial development based on banking sector and ratio of the value of stock market transactions to GDP was considered as an indicator of financial development based on the capital market. In this regard, 4 models were introduced to achieve research objectives and were estimated using the Kalman-Filter approach. The results of estimating the first two models of the research showed that with improvement of financial development indicators, the efficiency of monetary policy in influencing economic growth will decrease. The results of estimating the third and fourth models of the study also showed that effect of financial development indicators on efficiency of monetary policy in impact on inflation has been negative and statistically significant, meaning that with improvement of financial development indicators in country, monetary policies will lead to lower inflation. Manuscript profile
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        191 - Dynamics between Macroeconomic Variables and the Core Inflation Gap with the MIDAS-VAR Approach
        Amir Mansour Tehranchian MirHosssein Mousavi Zahramila Elmi Zahra Kashanian
        10.30495/eco.2023.1984033.2746
        The wide scope of influence and effectiveness has turned inflation into one of the most important subjects of empirical studies as well as one of the main axes of policy making. In addition to the causes and effects of inflation, some economists have paid attention to t More
        The wide scope of influence and effectiveness has turned inflation into one of the most important subjects of empirical studies as well as one of the main axes of policy making. In addition to the causes and effects of inflation, some economists have paid attention to the inflation index. Based on this, current inflation is not considered a suitable indicator for policy making and modeling due to high fluctuations. On the other hand, core inflation as a stable component of current inflation is a more suitable indicator for economic policies due to its stability. In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of macroeconomic variables and inflation core gap using SVAR method, n Iran's economy in the period of1998-2021. The momentum of oil price fluctuations and liquidity do not have a significant impact on the core inflation gap. The core inflation gap is most influenced by currency impulses and its own fluctuations, which shows the impact of inflation expectations on the formation of core inflation; According to the findings of the research, it is suggested to control exchange rate fluctuations and target core inflation in order to control inflationary expectations.The results show that the core inflation index has been more stable compared to the inflation rate and exchange rate fluctuations have the greatest impact on the core inflation gap. Manuscript profile
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        192 - Identification of Monetary Policy Items Influencing the Banking System
        sorayya rafiee ghareshiran Karim Emami Farhad Ghaffari
        The purpose of this paper is to identify the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system as one of the most important sectors of macroeconomics. Therefore, the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system using the Dynamic Randomized Equilib More
        The purpose of this paper is to identify the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system as one of the most important sectors of macroeconomics. Therefore, the effective factors of monetary policy on the banking system using the Dynamic Randomized Equilibrium Model (DSGE) and the emergence of long-run macroeconomic ratios in the 1370s and 1380s And others' studies.The results showed that with a positive shock to the interest rate, due to lower demand for loans, the lending rate and, as a result, banks' profits decrease, and due to positive oil shocks, liquidity increases, lending rates and investment increases, and the household's willingness Reduces savings, resulting in lower bank profitability. Based on the results, while considering the importance of the role of financial factors in the transfer mechanism and the intensity of monetary policy effects by policy makers, it is suggested to adopt measures to adjust the effects of economic shocks. Manuscript profile
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        193 - Analysis of Nonlinear Behavior of the Central Bank's Monetary Policy in Uncertainty Conditions: Smooth Transition Regression Model (STR(
        mohsen nosratian nasab Ahmad Jafari Samimi Amir Mansour Tehranchian
        The purpose of this study is to analyze the nonlinear behavior of monetary policy at the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran in uncertainty condition. To achieve this goal, the nonlinear behavior of the central bank's reaction function to the inflation uncertai More
        The purpose of this study is to analyze the nonlinear behavior of monetary policy at the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran in uncertainty condition. To achieve this goal, the nonlinear behavior of the central bank's reaction function to the inflation uncertainty in the form of smooth Transition Regression model (STR) is estimated using seasonal data during the 1997:1-2015:3 periods. The results of this study indicate that the variable behavior and regime change in monetary policy of the central bank of Iran in the various conditions of inflation. By passing the uncertainty of inflation from a threshold level, the behavior of monetary policy has been changed so that the coefficients of the model are consistent with the Taylor rule. Based on the results of the present study, it is suggested to consider the economic uncertainty index in order to determine the optimal monetary policy. Manuscript profile
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        194 - Evaluation of Nominal Wage Rigidities' Sensitivity in Dynamic Stochasic General Equilibrium by Considering the Stock Price Bubbles
        Kiomars sohaili shahram fatahi narges rahmaniani
        The main goal of this study is to introduce a general stochastic dynamic equilibrium model with sensitivity analysis for the wage rigidity in Iran's economy using the seasonal data from 1995-2014. The results showed, capital market dynamics influence the real sector of More
        The main goal of this study is to introduce a general stochastic dynamic equilibrium model with sensitivity analysis for the wage rigidity in Iran's economy using the seasonal data from 1995-2014. The results showed, capital market dynamics influence the real sector of Iranian economy. The monetary policy shock has a significant impact on macroeconomic variables and stock prices. The volatilities in stock prices helps to explain the Iranian business cycles. In the case of bubble in asset prices, credit constraint in firms was decreased and their opportunity cost decreases and causes a downward pressure on the marginal costs and finally inflation decreases. By assuming wage rigidity, possibility of wage adjustment with regard to monetary shock decreases and the reaction of labour and labour supply is been more strict. And changes in production is slower than when the wage perfect flexibility exist.  Based on the results, using of the model with wage rigidity in order to better simulate the real world is suggested. Manuscript profile
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        195 - Money Growth Uncertainty and Currency Substitution in IRAN: A Multivariate GARCH Approach
        Sima Eskandari Sabzi Asad Allah Farzinvash Kambiz Hojabr Kiani Hamid Shahrestani
        The aim of this paper is surveying the effects of money growth uncertainty on currency substitution. For this, bivariate GARCH model and VAR-BEKK method was used on the base of data for 1979 to 2014. The results show that money growth uncertainty affects currency substi More
        The aim of this paper is surveying the effects of money growth uncertainty on currency substitution. For this, bivariate GARCH model and VAR-BEKK method was used on the base of data for 1979 to 2014. The results show that money growth uncertainty affects currency substitution positively. Also, currency substitution, affected by its own past shock and the currency growth. On the other hand, there have been spillover of fluctuations from the currency growth to currency substitution and vice versa. Due to the existence of currency growth effective relationship on the currency substitution in Iran, it is necessary for controlling currency growth and preventing from currency irregular growth by policy makers.    Manuscript profile
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        196 - Impact of Economic Freedom on the Development of Banking Sector in Iran
        A. Shahabadi R. Davari Kish
        Abstract The most important aspect of financial development is the banking sector that has significant impact on the process of equipping the savings, identifying investment opportunities and diversifying the risk. Economic freedom is a determinant factor in developing More
        Abstract The most important aspect of financial development is the banking sector that has significant impact on the process of equipping the savings, identifying investment opportunities and diversifying the risk. Economic freedom is a determinant factor in developing the banking sector. The increase of economic freedom provides the setting of financial resources equipment, strengthens the sense of bank deposit in general population to guide them for limited capital in productive activities. Hence, in this study, the impact of economic freedom index on the development of the banking sector in Iran during 1980-2011 will be discussed. The results represent that economic freedom and its components have a significant and positive relationship to the development of banking sector. Also, based on the results, the estimation of the impact of central bank foreign assets on monetary base and Real interest rate on the development of banking sector is positive and significant. Also, the effect of public sector debt to central bank on monetary base is negative but significant. Manuscript profile
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        197 - Surveying the Monetary Shocks Impact on the Income-Expenditure Relationship in the Iran's Government with the Approach of TVPFAVAR
        jaber akbari sadegh bakhtiari morteza sameti homayoun ranjbar
        The aim of this survey is surveying of monetary shocks on government income-expenditure in Iran by using variable parameters during time by considering seasonal data over the period 1988 to 2014. The results show that occurrence of any shock in liquidity, increase gover More
        The aim of this survey is surveying of monetary shocks on government income-expenditure in Iran by using variable parameters during time by considering seasonal data over the period 1988 to 2014. The results show that occurrence of any shock in liquidity, increase government income and expenditures and occurrence of any shock in inflation and interest rates, reduce this relationship, but the shocks of inflation and interest rates, has weakened this relationship. Based on the results, it is suggested, to balancing the relationship of income - expenditure in the long term, the government should not focus on the tools of monetary policy.  Manuscript profile
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        198 - Asymmetric Effects of Monetary Shocks on Real Output in Iran: A Markov-Switching Approach
        Hosein Shariri Renani Razieh Salehi Sara Ghobadi
        An important issue in macroeconomics is the effect of monetary shocks on macroeconomic variables. How monetary shocks affect the real production in different economic situations such as recession and expansion is vital for policy makings and the effectiveness of the pol More
        An important issue in macroeconomics is the effect of monetary shocks on macroeconomic variables. How monetary shocks affect the real production in different economic situations such as recession and expansion is vital for policy makings and the effectiveness of the policies. So, this research tries to test and analyze the asymmetric impacts of monetary shocks on the productions in Iran by using seasonal Time Series Data during 1999-2008 and Markov-Switching model. The results indicate that negative and positive monetary policies in recession and also expansion period have asymmetric effects on domestic production growth. In general, monetary shocks are more effective in recession than expansion.  Manuscript profile
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        199 - The Relationship between Inflation Gap Persistence and Central Bank Monetary Policy through 1st to 4th Economic, Social and Cultural Development Programs in Iran
        alireza erfani samira moradi
        In this paper, the aim is to investigate the relationship between Taylor rule for monetary policy and inflation gap persistence in a simple new Keynesian model. This rule is a function of inflation and production gap specifying the weights to these two variables. By est More
        In this paper, the aim is to investigate the relationship between Taylor rule for monetary policy and inflation gap persistence in a simple new Keynesian model. This rule is a function of inflation and production gap specifying the weights to these two variables. By estimating these weights via a simultaneous equation system and seasonal data during 1368-1389, the relationship has been investigated between four development programs.According to the results obtained, inflation gap is not persistent in none of the development programs and so there is no significant relationship between inflation gap persistence and the weights of inflation and production gap in monetary policy. That is, the increase and decrease of persistence parameter is under the effect of economy structure of the country. Lack of a significant relationship indicates the imprecision of monetary policy implemented by Central Bank and the failure of the impact of this policy. Manuscript profile
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        200 - The Study of Exchange Rate Dynamics in Iran by Using Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Models
        mojtaba asghari ali haghighat masoud nonejad Hashem zare
        The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics of exchange rates and the role of monetary and financial policies. For this purpose, we use a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) for a small open economy during the period of 1990-2016. The results show tha More
        The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics of exchange rates and the role of monetary and financial policies. For this purpose, we use a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) for a small open economy during the period of 1990-2016. The results show that in different scenarios there are signs of Dutch disease as a weakening of the trade sector, the strengthening of the non-trade sector, the increase in prices in the trade sector, the reduction of prices in the commercial sector and the reduction of the real exchange rate. Based on the results, active financial policies are recommended to control exchange rate fluctuations. Manuscript profile
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        201 - State Dependent Effects of Monetary Aggregates on Exchange Market Pressure in Iran's Economy
        Mohsen Tooti Seyed Yahya Abtahi Jalil Totonchi Zohreh tabatabaeinasab
        The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of monetary aggregates on exchange market pressure of Iran's economy using quarterly data and during the period of 2001:02- 2021:04. For this purpose, exchange market pressure index has been calculated More
        The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of monetary aggregates on exchange market pressure of Iran's economy using quarterly data and during the period of 2001:02- 2021:04. For this purpose, exchange market pressure index has been calculated by Edwards (2002) and Kumah (2007) approach; The results show that the exchange market pressure index of Iran's Economy follows a nonlinear pattern. After that, using the unit root test of Lee and Strazisich (2003), which is based on the minimum Lagrange coefficient (LM) test, the time series has been confirmed in terms of the structural break point, and then using by the approach proposed by Lee and Strazisich (2003), the residual of the time series has been extracted. The results of Markov Switching GARCH model indicate that in the low regime of exchange market pressure, the monetary base variable with a coefficient of 0.29 has the greatest effect on the pressure of the Iranian currency market, followed by liquidity and money variables respectively with coefficients 0.06 and 0.01 increase the pressure of the currency market, with the switch of the regime and being in the high regime of exchange market pressure, the variables of monetary base, liquidity and money with the coefficients of 0.88, 0.54 and 0.31 lead to pressure in the currency market, therefore, the application of contractionary monetary policy and control of monetary aggregates should be considered as a strategic point for economic policy makers. Manuscript profile
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        202 - Manager's money character and firm capital structure decisions
        Ali Beidaghi mohammadreza vatanparast Mehrdad Sadr Ara,
        Based on behavioral studies, managers’ personality traits are effective in their decision-making and behaviors. The objective of this research was to study the impact of managers’ monetary personality on decisions of companies’ capital structure. The q More
        Based on behavioral studies, managers’ personality traits are effective in their decision-making and behaviors. The objective of this research was to study the impact of managers’ monetary personality on decisions of companies’ capital structure. The questionnaire and the audited financial statements have been used to collect data in this research. The study population includes the financial managers of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in 2021. Also, the studied sample was selected using the convenience sampling method. Using Morgan's table, the research sample size was estimated as 183 subjects; however, 141 usable questionnaires were ultimately collected. The multivariate regression technique with a cross-sectional data structure was used for data analysis. The results failed to find a significant relationship between the money-avoider personality using debt and stock in the capital structure of companies. Moreover, the money-worship personality was found to have a positive relationship using the stock in the capital structure, while the money-status personality showed a negative relationship using the stock in the capital structure. In addition, a money-vigilance personality revealed a positive relationship using the debt in the capital structure. By taking into account the monetary personality of the managers besides other criteria and becoming aware of its impact on the capital structure policies, capital market actors would be able to make more accurate predictions of the company's future and reduce the conflict of interest between shareholders and managers. Hence, the research results can improve the decision-making of people. Manuscript profile
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        203 - Legal challenges of digital currencies with an approach to money laundering
        amirreza mahmoudi mohaddeseh ghavamipour sereshkeh
        10.30495/cyberlaw.2022.696726
        Money laundering has been identified as a phenomenon that endangers economic stability around the world. Criminals in this area target the economic system with financial criminal activities such as drug trafficking, terrorism financing and tax evasion. The development o More
        Money laundering has been identified as a phenomenon that endangers economic stability around the world. Criminals in this area target the economic system with financial criminal activities such as drug trafficking, terrorism financing and tax evasion. The development of crypto-currency technologies, along with its benefits, has become a disruptive technology that has created new challenges for government national security because this technology can provide opportunities for terrorist groups and organized crime. Since its emergence in 2009, the use of Bitcoin has increased exponentially around the world, but due to the lack of regulatory authority, it was quickly used to finance terrorism and money laundering activities. Countries have adopted and implemented various regulations to ban or license the use of Bitcoin, which have not been able to achieve a suitable result until today. In this article, with a descriptive-analytical method, we will seek to explain a process that will be able to resolve the legal challenges created due to the use of digital currencies, and in this regard, the consensus of governments in standardizing and harmonizing their laws regarding currency management. Digital services and the creation of a regulatory authority will be examined. Manuscript profile
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        204 - Explaining Strategic Planning of Polotourism Development in Iran
        کیومرث مولادوست Tayyebeh Yanpi
        Polo tourism is of particular importance in many countries. In this respect, many successful attempts have been made by providing various exciting programs and rituals and presenting tourism packages to attract tourists interested in this sport. This study aimed to expl More
        Polo tourism is of particular importance in many countries. In this respect, many successful attempts have been made by providing various exciting programs and rituals and presenting tourism packages to attract tourists interested in this sport. This study aimed to explain the strategic planning of polotourism development in Iran. This was an applied study conducted using the quantitative-descriptive design. The target population was a panel of polo, tourism, culture and physical educationexperts. A sample of 256 experts was selected using the purposive sampling method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire, the face and content validity of which was evaluated by a number of sports and tourism management professors, and for the overall reliability, the Cronbach's alpha value was0.86. This study showed that the managerial factor regarding the polo tourismpolicy-making and planning, the Polo Federation and its boards' level of awareness and attention to polo tourism were ranked third.The "Federation's emphasis on polo tourism development" ranked first among the managerial factors with value 6.13, while the "provincial boards' awareness of polotourism" ranked last with value 3.21. Policy making, planning, and especially provincial boards' awareness of polo tourism ranked last in terms of average value. Therefore, in order to achieve tourism objectives, we should prioritize policy-making, planning, and raising the executive agents' level of awareness. Manuscript profile
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        205 - Identifying and Prioriting of the Problems of Polotourism in Iran
        Kiyumars Moladoost Sahar Samani Ghotbabadi Alireza Zakerian
        The purpose of the present study was recognition and prioritization of existing problems in Polotourism in Iran. Polotourism has a special place and importance in the world and those countries that have the technical knowledge of this sport or have programs and several More
        The purpose of the present study was recognition and prioritization of existing problems in Polotourism in Iran. Polotourism has a special place and importance in the world and those countries that have the technical knowledge of this sport or have programs and several exciting ceremonies and provide tourist packages for fans of this sport have had successful efforts in this field.The method used in this research was a correlation survey in which a researcher made questionnare was used. The statistical society for this study included the experts of three domains; Polo sport, physical education and sport, tourism and cultural heritage. Because there was not any sufficient knowledge in the statistical society about this filed, the purposive sampling method was used. There were 195 people as statistical samples in this study. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for the stability of the questionnaire, total measure for all questions is 0.91 and for managerial, cultural and infrastructural factors accordingly were 0.86, 0.89, and 0.81 respectively.The results showed that with average of 2.08, cultural factor was the first significant problem of Polotourism. After that infrastructural factor with average of 2.06 and managerial factor with average of 1.86 were in the second and third importance rank. It can be concluded that for developing Polotourism in Iran, development in the cultural affairs should be devoted closer attention, and programing and exact managing that are the base and foundation of each system, should be under consideration too. Finally, through developing the infrastructural factors, we can also expand Polotourism. Manuscript profile
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        206 - Iran's Legislative Approach to Suspicious Transactions Reporting(STR) for Money Laundering and its Legal, Jurisprudential and Executive Challenges
        Amir jamali hajiani Esmaeil Abdollahi Ahmad Mirzaei
        10.30495/jcld.2023.1983935.1060
        Receive Date: 2023/04/15                    Revise Date: 2023/07/03                  &nbsp More
        Receive Date: 2023/04/15                    Revise Date: 2023/07/03                   Accept Date:  2023/07/05 The reporting of suspicious transactions, emphasized in Recommendation 20 of the FATF, is considered the cornerstone of the fight against money laundering, and the success of all anti-money laundering measures depends on it. Therefore, the present study employs a descriptive-analytical approach with the aim of familiarizing the reader with the requirements for reporting suspicious transactions related to money laundering and examines the legal, jurisprudential, and executive obstacles that impede the reporting of suspicious transactions. In conclusion, the study investigates the position of Iran in comparison with global standards and highlights the most significant legal, jurisprudential, and executive challenges facing the reporting of suspicious transactions. The findings indicate that in the anti-money laundering regulations of Iran, especially in the amended law on combating money laundering ratified in 2018 and its executive directive of Article 14 ratified in 2019, necessary measures have been taken in line with international standards to report suspicious transactions, and the necessary structures have been established. However, professional secrecy rules, the principle of validity, Presumption of possession, policies related to capital attraction in banks, and high compliance costs with anti-money laundering standards may overshadow this important principle in the fight against money laundering and may cause disruption in the desirable path of reporting suspicious transactions. Manuscript profile
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        207 - Criticism of the jurisprudential bases of selling credit currency
        Aliakbar Eyzadifar Esmail Qandvar Bijarpas
        10.30495/jcld.2022.693603
        The development of human societies in today's world, and as a result, the growth and diversity of human needs, has led to the expansion of transactions. It is like a transaction, an important and all-encompassing phenomenon of money. The need to avoid usury is the reaso More
        The development of human societies in today's world, and as a result, the growth and diversity of human needs, has led to the expansion of transactions. It is like a transaction, an important and all-encompassing phenomenon of money. The need to avoid usury is the reason for the sensitivity of jurists regarding money transactions. Imami jurists have presented various opinions about the legitimacy of selling credit money. Some Shia jurists, based on the evidence of the non-inclusion of the concept of sale in relation to the purchase and sale of credit money; Non-fulfillment of the sale, in the exchange of same-sex changers; The lack of serious intention of the loyalists towards the sale of banknotes; And the usury of such transactions does not allow the sale of credit money. Another group of Imamiyya jurists, based on the evidence of the non-existence of the provisions of mere sale, in the purchase and sale of banknotes; The customary validity of the title of sale, for the absolute nature of the banknote transaction; Absence of usury rule in the sale of credit money, due to the fact that the money is not legal and balanced; And the lack of legal and customary obstacles in such transactions, they consider the sale of credit money as correct. The present article, by studying the jurisprudential texts of Shia jurists, has reached the conclusion that the opinion of those who permit the sale of credit money is correct when the intention of the sale is not to avoid usury and not to seek profit. Manuscript profile
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        208 - The study of "annual price index change" from the perspective of Imami jurisprudence
        syyad rahmatolla danesh mir kohan
        10.30495/jcld.2022.693615
        Article 522 of the "Civil Procedure Law" considers the debt payment criterion to be "annual price index change". The Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran determines that this criterion is general and therefore includes "increasing the value of money". Considerin More
        Article 522 of the "Civil Procedure Law" considers the debt payment criterion to be "annual price index change". The Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran determines that this criterion is general and therefore includes "increasing the value of money". Considering the necessity of respecting the real rights of each party, this problem arises that from the perspective of Imamiyyah jurisprudence, what amount is the debtor obligated to pay in the assumption of an increase in the value of money? The present article, based on the foundations and sources of Imami jurisprudence and examining the jurisprudential opinions of Shia jurists, tries to prove this hypothesis that in the assumption of an increase in the value of money, the purchasing power of money in religion is a criterion for fulfilling the right. What if the obligation reaches its end, the value of money increases sharply and the change of the annual index is taken into account to pay the debt. In case of inability, the debtor bears the loss, and in the case of the debtor's financial ability and his refusal to pay, the creditor bears the loss, and both cases are in severe conflict with the fair payment intended by jurisprudence. Manuscript profile
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        209 - Evaluation Of The Effect Of Icing With Pullulan and Bay Leaf Extract On The Shelf Life of Rainbow Trout During Storage In The Freezer
        Oriana Zarabi Mohammad Ahmadi Masoud Hedayati Fard Leila Golestan Ayyoub Farhadi
        10.30495/jfst.2021.1931047.1722
        Manuscript profile
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        210 - Evaluation of Physical, Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties of Pullulan Films Enriched with Free and Encapsulated Tragopogon graminifolius DC. Extract for Use in Food Packaging
        Seyyed Rasoul Shah Hosseini
        10.30495/jfst.2021.1922457.1700
        Manuscript profile
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        211 - Effect of different levels of somatic cell count of cow milk and lipase enzyme on free fatty acids composition and sensory properties of White brined cheese
        Hamed Zarei Ali Reza Shahab Lavasani
        Manuscript profile
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        212 - Determine the effect of an increase in the general level of prices on food health: a retrospective study
        mahmoud Bakhshinejad
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of monetary shocks and food prices on food health. And it's important and necessary in many ways. The most important is food and nutrition security in Iran, food and nutrition security is achieved when all people A More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of monetary shocks and food prices on food health. And it's important and necessary in many ways. The most important is food and nutrition security in Iran, food and nutrition security is achieved when all people At all times, the quantity and quality of the various foods with safe food content will be used to meet the needs and have a healthy and active life with health, a healthy environment and adequate care. Required data are extracted from the Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran Economic Time Database and the Food and Drug Administration of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education during the period of 1975-96. The model used in the Cargo (2005) model was taken. This model is an error correction model with food contamination variables, real food prices, real per capita income, real exchange rate, and negative and positive money supply shocks. The results indicate that in the long run, positive and negative monetary shocks have a positive and negative effect on food micro-nutrients, as well as actual per capita income has a significant and positive effect on food microbial contamination in Iran.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of monetary shocks and food prices on food microbial contamination, and it is important and necessary in many ways, most important of which is food and nutrition security in Iran, food and nutrition security is achieved when all people At all times, the quantity and quality of the various foods with safe food content will be used to meet the needs and have a healthy and active life with health, a healthy environment and adequate care. Required data are extracted from the Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran Economic Time Database and the Food and Drug Administration of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education during the period of 1975-96. The model used in the Cargo (2005) model was taken. This model is an error correction model with food contamination variables, real food prices, real per capita income, real exchange rate, and negative and positive money supply shocks. The results indicate that in the long run, positive and negative monetary shocks have a positive and negative effect on food micro-nutrients, as well as actual per capita income has a significant and positive effect on food microbial contamination in Iran. Manuscript profile
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        213 - بررسی تأثیر برخی از شرایط رویشگاهی بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس کاکوتی کوهی (Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam)
        غلام رضا بخشی خانیکی فاطمه سفیدکن زینب دهقان
        مقدمه و هدف: گیاهان خانواده نعناعیان از قرن­ها پیش در اکثر کشورها به عنوان چاشنی یا ادویه غذاها و هم­چنین به عنوان دارو برای هضم غذا و مقابله با بیماری­های ویروسی استفاده می­شده­اند. این تیره در ایران 46 جنس و 410 گونه و زیر گونه دارد. یکی از گونه&sh More
        مقدمه و هدف: گیاهان خانواده نعناعیان از قرن­ها پیش در اکثر کشورها به عنوان چاشنی یا ادویه غذاها و هم­چنین به عنوان دارو برای هضم غذا و مقابله با بیماری­های ویروسی استفاده می­شده­اند. این تیره در ایران 46 جنس و 410 گونه و زیر گونه دارد. یکی از گونه­های ارزشمند و دارویی این خانواده کاکوتی کوهی  Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. است. این گونه دارای اسانسی حاوی پولگون است که از آن به عنوان آرام بخش، مقوی معده، درمان سرماخوردگی، افسردگی، اسهال، سرفه، میگرن، تب و به عنوان ضد عفونی کننده استفاده می شود. به منظور بررسی تأثیر شرایط رویشگاهی بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. این تحقیق برای اولین بار در کشور، انجام شد. روش تحقیق: سرشاخه گلدار گیاه، از 4 منطقه رویشی آن در دو استان غربی کشور (همدان و کردستان) در مرحله گلدهی کامل جمع‌آوری شد. مهمترین شرایط رویشگاهی مناطق (از قبیل ارتفاع، جهت و درصد شیب، طول و عرض جغرافیایی و هم­چنین خصوصیات خاک و گونه های همراه) ثبت گردید. از نمونه‌های جمع‌آوری شده از هر منطقه، در سه تکرار اسانس‌گیری به عمل آمد. اسانس­ها توسط دستگاه­های GC و GC/MSتجزیه شیمیایی شدند. میانگین بازده اسانس ها توسط آزمون مقایسه ای دانکن مقایسه شدند. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که شرایط رویشگاهی باعث اختلاف معنی دار در بازده اسانس در سطح یک درصد می‌شود. همچنین شناسایی ترکیب‌های موجود در اسانس‌ها نشان داد که میزان ترکیب‌های عمده اسانس (پولگون و 8،1-سینئول) و سایر ترکیب‌ها در نمونه های مختلف متفاوت است که نشان دهنده تأثیر شرایط رویشگاهی بر کیفیت اسانس است.توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به اهمیت و خاصیت ضدمیکروبی ترکیب پولگون در گونه کاکوتی کوهی بهترین منطقه رویشگاه این گیاه با هدف تولید بیشتر ترکیب اخیر مربوط به منطقه نهاوند در استان همدان می باشد. بنابراین استفاده از جمعیت کاکوتی کوهی این منطقه جهت کشت و کار و نیز ایجاد شرایط اکولوژیکی (خاک ، آب و هوا، جغرافیایی) شبیه منطقه مورد مطالعه برای تولید کمی وکیفی اسانس این گیاه توصیه می شود. Manuscript profile
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        214 - ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس پونه (Mentha pulegium L.) جمع آوری شده از جنوب ایران
        علی خلیلی پور محمود دژم
        مقدمه و هدف: اسانس پونه (Mentha pulegium L.)کاربردهای متعددی درصنایع غذایی، عطرسازی و داروسازی دارد. هدف این پژوهش تعیین میزان وترکیبات اسانس پونه وحشی از جنوب ایران بود. روش تحقیق:اندام های هوایی این گیاه از اطراف شهرستان حاجی آباد (استان هرمزگان ) در سال 1392 جمع More
        مقدمه و هدف: اسانس پونه (Mentha pulegium L.)کاربردهای متعددی درصنایع غذایی، عطرسازی و داروسازی دارد. هدف این پژوهش تعیین میزان وترکیبات اسانس پونه وحشی از جنوب ایران بود. روش تحقیق:اندام های هوایی این گیاه از اطراف شهرستان حاجی آباد (استان هرمزگان ) در سال 1392 جمع آوری شدند. اسانس بخش های هوایی خشک شده به روش تقطیر با آب استخراج گردید و با استفاده از کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف نگار جرمی تجزیه شد. نتایج و بحث: عملکرد اسانس اندام های هوایی پونه 6/. درصد (حجم/وزن) بود. در مجموع  55ترکیب در این اسانس شناسایی شدند که ترکیبات مونوترپن اکسیژنه غالب بودند. ترکیبات عمده اسانس به ترتیب شامل پولگون (18/46 درصد)، پیپریتنون  (56/19درصد)، 1،8-سینئول (55/4 درصد) و پیپریتنون اکسید (23/4 درصد) بودند. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: پولگون به عنوان مهمترین ترکیب شناسایی شده در گونه پونه   (Mentha pulegium L.) کاربردهای فراوانی در صنایع داروسازی، غذایی و غیره دارد Manuscript profile
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        215 - اثر روش های مختلف اسانس گیری بر کمیت و کیفیت اسانس دو گونه از جنس کاکوتی (Ziziphora L)
        حسین بتولی مریم اخباری سید محمد جواد حسینی‌زاده
        مقدمه و هدف: جنس "کاکوتی"(Ziziphora L.) متعلق به خانواده نعناعیان(Lamiaceae)، دارای گونه‌های داروئی و معطره بسیار ارزشمندی است که تاکنون بالغ بر 25 گونه از این جنس در جهان و 4 گونه یک ساله و چند ساله از ایران گزارش شده ‌است. در این تحقیق ترکیب‌های شیمیائی اسانس دو گونه& More
        مقدمه و هدف: جنس "کاکوتی"(Ziziphora L.) متعلق به خانواده نعناعیان(Lamiaceae)، دارای گونه‌های داروئی و معطره بسیار ارزشمندی است که تاکنون بالغ بر 25 گونه از این جنس در جهان و 4 گونه یک ساله و چند ساله از ایران گزارش شده ‌است. در این تحقیق ترکیب‌های شیمیائی اسانس دو گونه­ی کاکوتی(Z. tenuior L.، Z. clinopodioides Lam.) منطقه قمصر کاشان مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌ است. روش تحقیق: سرشاخه‌های گل‌دار گونه‌‌های مذکور در بهار سال 1390 جمع‌آوری و به روش های مختلف شامل تقطیر و استخراج با بخار هم­زمان با حلال آلی (SDE)، کلونجر، اسانس­گیری با بخار سرد (با استفاده از امواج فراصوت) و تقطیر با بخار آب اسانس‌گیری شدند. برای شناسائی ترکیب‌های تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس، از دستگاه‌های گاز کروماتوگرافی(GC) و گاز کروماتوگرافی متصل‌ شده به طیف‌سنج جرمی(GC/MS) استفاده شد. نتایج و بحث: عملکرد اسانس در روش‌های مختلف، در گیاه کاکوتی یا   Z. tenuior بین 2/0 تا 3/2% و در گیاه کاکوتی کوهی یا  Z. clinopodioides بین 3/0 تا 3/1% متغییر بود. 18 ترکیب شیمیائی در اسانس سرشاخه‌های گل‌دار گیاه کاکوتی و 33 ترکیب در اسانس گیاه کاکوتی‌کوهی شناسایی شدند. اجزای اصلی اسانس کاکوتی شامل پولگون (1/90%-0/80%) و پی­پریتنون (1/7%-5/4%) بودند. بیشترین ترکیب‌های تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس کاکوتی‌‌کوهی شامل پولگون (2/35%-9/25)، پی­پریتنون (9/27%-1/10%)، منتول(5/17%-4/11%) و منتون (7/7%-0) بودند. حضور درصد بالای منتول در اسانس گیاه کاکوتی‌کوهی، باعث مرغوبیت اسانس این گیاه شده ­است. بهترین راندمان اسانس در دو گیاه، متعلق به روش تقطیر و استخراج با بخار همزمان با حلال آلی بود. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به خلوص 81 درصدی ترکیب پولگون در اسانس گیاه کاکوتی و با در نظر داشتن بازده حدوداً دو درصدی استحصال اسانس، می­توان در صورت کشت مکانیزه این گیاه، ترکیب مورد نظر را خالص سازی نمود. Manuscript profile
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        216 - ترکیب های شیمیایی اسانس Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam جمع آوری شده از تویسرکان
        زینب دهقان سید مهدی امامی فاطمه سفیدکن
        مقدمه و هدف:یکی از گیاهان معطر و دارویی خانواده نعاعیان در ایرانZiziphora clinopodioides Lam (کاکوتی کوهی) است. اسانس این گونه حاوی پولگون است و از آن به عنوان آرام بخش، مقوی معده، در درمان سرماخوردگی، افسردگی، اسهال، سرفه، میگرن، تب و به عنوان ضد عفونی کننده استفاده می More
        مقدمه و هدف:یکی از گیاهان معطر و دارویی خانواده نعاعیان در ایرانZiziphora clinopodioides Lam (کاکوتی کوهی) است. اسانس این گونه حاوی پولگون است و از آن به عنوان آرام بخش، مقوی معده، در درمان سرماخوردگی، افسردگی، اسهال، سرفه، میگرن، تب و به عنوان ضد عفونی کننده استفاده می­شود. این تحقیق با هدف شناسایی ترکیب های شیمیایی اسانس گونه داروییZiziphora clinopodioides Lam در شهرستان تویسرکان به عمل آمد.  روش تحقیق: اندام‌های هوایی گیاه مورد نظر در مرحله گلدهی کامل از تویسرکان، استان همدان جمع‌آوری شد. ترکیبات تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس با استفاده از دستگاه‌هایGC  و GC/MS مورد تجزیه و شناسایی قرار گرفتند. نتایج و بحث: نتایج شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس گیاه کاکوتی نشان داد که مهترین ترکیبات موجود در اسانس اندام هوایی گونه مذکور پولگون، کاریوفیلین و 1و8-سینئول بودند. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به این­که مصرف داروهای گیاهی برای درمان بسیاری از بیماری ها در حال افزایش است، گیاه کاکوتی به دلیل حضور پولگون در اسانس آن، اثرات آنتی اکسیدانی بالایی دارد. Manuscript profile
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        217 - The Impact of Money Laundering on Expansion of Organized Terrorism in the Middle East (2001-2016)
        سید سعید میرترابی mohsen keshvarian
        Abstract: The expansion of terrorism and its widespread occurrence particularly the organized one had led researchers to deeply study the roots, causes and the ways to contain it. Since the Middle East region is one of the centers which terrorism has grown considerably More
        Abstract: The expansion of terrorism and its widespread occurrence particularly the organized one had led researchers to deeply study the roots, causes and the ways to contain it. Since the Middle East region is one of the centers which terrorism has grown considerably, the present article wants to study the impact of money laundry as one of the factors that reinforces the terrorist groups in the Middle East. The article wants to answer this question that how money laundering helps the growth of organized terrorist groups (Al-Qaeda and ISISI) from 2001 to 2016. The hypothesis is that money laundering by providing a secure network for supplying major part of financial resources and external transections of organized terrorist groups with foreign partners has created the ground for the growth of organized terrorism in the Middle East from 2001 to 2016. The article shows the complexity and the dimension of money laundering techniques used by organized terrorist groups for financial transaction and money transfer. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive and common political will with the region and beyond the region to contain the challenge of money laundering by organized terrorist groups. This will be possible when the measures and mechanism decided for this purpose do not be used for political capital again certain countries in the region, a situation which unfortunately used by the Western Banks against Iran. The methodology used by the article is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile
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        218 - An Analysis of Interdisciplinary Knowledge Formation "GENOPOLITICS" And Explaining Political Behavior Based on the Nature of Human Genetics
        Ehsan Taheri Hajivand Seyed Javad Emam Jomeh Zadeh Arash Ghodousi Mahnaz Goodarzi
        10.30495/pir.2021.680526
        Shortly After the Discovery of Genes, and Especially the New Findings in Genetics, it Became Clear that in Addition to Some Appearance and Physical Characteristics, Human Behavior is also Influenced by the Nature of his Internal Genetics. Hence, a New Interest and Motiv More
        Shortly After the Discovery of Genes, and Especially the New Findings in Genetics, it Became Clear that in Addition to Some Appearance and Physical Characteristics, Human Behavior is also Influenced by the Nature of his Internal Genetics. Hence, a New Interest and Motivation was Created Among a Group of Thinkers and Researchers in the Humanities to Study, Research and Defend the Genetic Foundations of Human Behavior, as well as to Combine their Knowledge with the Science of Genetics. Meanwhile, a New Generation of Thinkers and Researchers in Pol.Science and IR, with the Aim of Explaining Political Behaviors Based on the Nature of Human Genetics, began a Series of Studies and Researches that Eventually Led to the Emergence of New Interdisciplinary Knowledge Called "Genopolitics". However, so Far, Scientific Identity and their Achievements have not Been Carefully Studied in Domestic Research. This Study, by Using Tendency as Method, seeks to Snswer the Question: "What System and Discourse, Historical Background, Founders, Achievements and Challenges does Genopolitics Have?" The Findings of this Study Show that "Genopolitics is A Combined, Naturalistic, Empiricist-Rationalist and Justified Positivism Knowledge that has been Explains Political Behavior Based on the Genetic Nature Over more than Four Decades from the Beginning, Manuscript profile
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        219 - The Role of Islamic Republic of Iran in the Geopolitical Funnel of West Asia
        Alireza Golshani Hamid Reza Sohrabi
        Abstract The four countries of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Lebanon in the west Asia have common security concerns a part of which is about resistance against any regional common threat. Since the Islamic Republic of Iran regards the west Asia as its own security territory, i More
        Abstract The four countries of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Lebanon in the west Asia have common security concerns a part of which is about resistance against any regional common threat. Since the Islamic Republic of Iran regards the west Asia as its own security territory, it can not be indifferent to political, religious, ethnic and racial challenges and developments in this region. Therefore, the geopolitical alliance of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Lebanon in the funnel-like strategic region of west Asia would result in a powerful alliance. Based on 'regional security' theory and 'geopolitical funnel' model, using a descriptive-analytical methodology, the present study aims at investigating the role of Iran in political and security developments of the west Asia. The results indicate that the Zionist regime of Israel, Shiite-phobia by Arab states and terrorist groups in Syria, Iraq and Lebanon as well as the challenges caused by the USA are among the most important common security concerns of the member states in this region. It seems building a geopolitical alliance is the most reliable solution to these threats. In addition, Iran's power components particularly its superior geopolitical and geostrategic position in the region, its huge population, etc. would contribute to Iran's pivotal and prominent role in this region. Manuscript profile
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        220 - The Islamic Republic of Iran's (IRI) Security Threats in Southern Caucasus
        Saeid Vosoughi
        Today, the security of each country does not refer to its strength, power and structure, but to its nature, international and national interactions and developments. In other words, the security statuse of each country is related to its international and regional securi More
        Today, the security of each country does not refer to its strength, power and structure, but to its nature, international and national interactions and developments. In other words, the security statuse of each country is related to its international and regional security. This article tries to make the I.R.I. security threats in Southern Coucasus clear based on I.R.I geopolitical and geostrategic location in southern Caucasus, its stance in relation with other southern caucasus's countries, and finally, Iran's impression of regional security in the same region. Manuscript profile
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        221 - The Revolutionary Developments of Bahrain and Geopolitical and Religious Conflict of Iran and Saudi Arabia
        Ali Adami Syed Mohammad Reza Mosavi Hossein Ali Tooti
        Bahrain is having important geopolitical value for regional and extra-regional powers. For this reason the developments which take place in Bahrain lead to the reactions and conflicting policies from those countries. With the emergence of Islamic awakening movement in B More
        Bahrain is having important geopolitical value for regional and extra-regional powers. For this reason the developments which take place in Bahrain lead to the reactions and conflicting policies from those countries. With the emergence of Islamic awakening movement in Bahrain the countries who are opposing Iran, particularly Saudi Arabia, diverted the people’s attention from just protest movement of Bahraini people and raised the question of Iran’s interference in Bahrain internal affairs. The present article wants to know what are the roots of religious and geopolitical conflict of Iran and Saudi Arabia in relation to Bahrain and what impact these contradictions have had on relations of the two countries after the Islamic awakening?. The paper has concluded that these contradictions have started before the Islamic revolution of Iran and has reached its climax after the revolutionary developments in Bahrain and is still going on. Some of the important roots of these contradictions are Iran’s territorial claim on Bahrain( before the Islamic revolution), the Islamic revolution in Iran, provoking the revolutionary feelings of Shiites in Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, the support of Iran for increasing role of the Shiites, the presence of Fifth Fleet Navy of the United States in Bahrain, the formation of Persian Gulf Cooperation Council against Iran playing important role in the region, military intervention of Saudi Arabia in Bahrain, arms race between Iran and Saudi Arabia and designing different scenarios for isolating Iran. The present article by a descriptive-analytical method wants to study the above issue. Manuscript profile
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        222 - The Role of Geopolitics of Islamic Republic of Iran in Security of World Energy on the Basis of SWOT Strategic Management Model
        Alireza Golshani Hamid Reza Sohrabi
        The security of energy is one of the strategic issues in world politics which all countries give special attention to it. Islamic Republic of Iran is located in the center of a region which is called “strategic oval of energy” which is having important role More
        The security of energy is one of the strategic issues in world politics which all countries give special attention to it. Islamic Republic of Iran is located in the center of a region which is called “strategic oval of energy” which is having important role in production and transit of oil and gas in a way it functions like a heart for the world and for this reason and significance it is having a geopolitical role. The aim of the present research is to study and analyze the geopolitical role of Islamic Republic of Iran in security of energy. It also wants to know ways for better use of this geopolitical position, also understanding the threats and making maximum use of this geopolitical opportunity. The theoretical framework for this research is a strategic oval of energy of Jeffery Kemp which is examined in strategic management model framework. The finding of the study shows that the increase in demand of energy sources in industrial countries of the world like the United States, European Union and the countries of Asia like India, and China has led to activation of this strategic oval of energy in international politics which centers around Islamic Republic of Iran. Taking into consideration the need of great powers for oil, the United States tries to make use of energy as a weapon for the management of world affairs and attaining its hegemonic system. In present situation the world market for energy needs an inclusive approach based on international security and a win-win game towards security of energy. This approach takes into consideration the interest and proportionate share of all actors in world energy market. Thus the security of world energy needs the creation of “collective security”. Manuscript profile
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        223 - Money Laundry and its Political Impact
        Mohammad Roshan Ali Akbar Nayebzadeh Farhad Akhtarshenas
        The offence of money laundering due to its nature which is organized and supranational is having damaging economic and, political and social effect on society. Money laundering leads to organized penetration of criminals into banking and monetary network and they bring More
        The offence of money laundering due to its nature which is organized and supranational is having damaging economic and, political and social effect on society. Money laundering leads to organized penetration of criminals into banking and monetary network and they bring the economic potential of governments under their own control and direction. With gradual decline of government economic power which is due to non-performance of productive works and tax evasion, the security and economic and political authority of the government and national sovereignty is jeopardized. This destabilizing function generally takes place in developing countries. The main question raised by present article is that, what are the negative impacts of money laundering on society? Money laundering is having damaging economic, political and social impacts. Money laundering is damaging for economy and commerce. The negative impacts of money laundering includes weakening private sector, destruction of financial markets, reduction of government revenue, weakening of economic security, risking credits, hampering healthy competition. Money laundering damages social and economic order because this phenomenon has enormous negative consequences for free competition, stability and health of financial system. Manuscript profile
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        224 - The Position of Caucasus Geoplitics in Politics of Regional and Supra-regional Powers
        Gholamhossein Heydari
        Cacusus region due to its strategic location being on the crossroad of east، west، north and south and locating between strategic heartland and rimland besides being in the neighbouring of Russia is having great importance. On the other hand، discovery of vast energy re More
        Cacusus region due to its strategic location being on the crossroad of east، west، north and south and locating between strategic heartland and rimland besides being in the neighbouring of Russia is having great importance. On the other hand، discovery of vast energy resources has attracted great powers attention to this region. The present article by a descriptive-analytical method wants to examine the political and economic development of Caucasus region after the end of Cold War. What impact does the geopolitical location of Caucasus region is having on the foreign policy of the countries of the region and the foreign policies of regional and supra-regional countries? The underlying hypothesis is that the discovery of energy sources in the Caucasus region and the importance of heartland and rimland region have led to the presence of new power and new games. Overall، it can be said that due to the presence of regional and supra-regional powers the Caucasus region is undergoing deep changes and development. The result of these development are: improvemnet of economic conditions، weakening of its political independence، increase of the importance of the region due to discovery of energy sources، economic growth due to attraction of foreign investment and reduction of ethnic and regional conflicts Manuscript profile
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        225 - .
        مریم نوتاش gholamreza ghaffary شهلا کاظمی پور فرح ترکمان
        .
        . Manuscript profile
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        226 - .
        Azadeh Arbabi Sabzevari Mohammad Alizadeh Hamid Zamani Mohammad Rahimi
        .
        . Manuscript profile
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        227 - بررسی عملکرد شورای حقوق بشر در خاورمیانه تحت تاثیر رقابت های ژئوپولیتیکی
        جواد عزیزی خیرالله پروین مصطفی سراجی
        Manuscript profile
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        228 - الگوی شکل‌گیری بحران‌های ژئوپولتیکی در خاورمیانه پس از 11 سپتامبر 2001
        پیروز کوهستانی محمدحسن نامی کیومرث یزدان‌پناه درو
        Manuscript profile
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        229 - تأثیر رودخانه‌ مرزی هریرود بر روابط هیدروپولیتیک ایران و افغانستان
        سیدسلیمان کریمی حجت مهکویی علیرضا عباسی امیر گندمکار
        Manuscript profile
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        230 - بحران مناطق شرق و تحلیل ژئوپلیتیکی برای مدیریت برون رفت از آن
        محمدحسن نامی وحید بارانی پسیان غلامرضا سعیدی
        Manuscript profile
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        231 - بررسی دلایل نقش‌آفرینی روسیه در تحولات سوریه
        محمدحسین حاجیلو روح اله حسین وند شکری زهرا قاسم اقدمی قره تپه
        Manuscript profile
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        232 - پیامدهای امنیتی تحولات ژئوپولیتیکی کشور سوریه برقدرت منطقه‌ای جمهوری اسلامی ایران
        علی رحیمی عزت اله عزتی مسعود مهدوی حاجیلوئی
        Manuscript profile
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        233 - اهمیت نقش عشایر مرزنشین در مناطق استراتژیک (مطالعه موردی: عشایر ایل شاهسون استان اردبیل)
        پریچهره شاهسوند
        Manuscript profile
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        234 - بسترهای تنش در جغرافیای سیاسی دریاها بر اثر بالا آمدن سطح آب دریاها با تاکید بر ژئوپلیتیک عراق در خلیج‌فارس
        رضا قاسمی عبدالرضا فرجی راد عزت اله عزتی
        Manuscript profile
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        235 - تحلیلی بر هیدروپلیتیک شرق ایران
        عزت‌الله عزتی محمدحسن خضری محبوبه نیک‌فرجام
        Manuscript profile
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        236 - تاثیرات منطقه‌ای ساختار ژئوپولیتیکی عراق با تاکید بر ایران
        رضا قاسمی عبدالرضا فرجی راد عزت اله عزتی
        Manuscript profile
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        237 - تحلیل جایگاه ایران در حوزه ژئواستراتژیک اقیانوس هند «با تاکید بر ارائه یک مدل راهبردی در سیاست خارجی و برنامه ریزی اقتصادی»
        مجید ولی شریعت پناهی سجاد کریمی پاشاکی، علی کاظی پور سعید زینتی مهدی امان الله
        Manuscript profile
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        238 - تحلیل بحران سوریه با تأکید بر بازیگران و تأثیر آن بر امنیت سازی درخلیج فارس
        حجت اله حیدری زهرا پیشگاهی فرد عزت اله عزتی
        Manuscript profile
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        239 - ارائه الگوی همگرایی منطقه‌ای فیمابین کشورهای ایران، عراق و ترکیه با تأکید بر ساختار ژئوپولیتیکی منطقه
        سعید محمدی پور محمد اخباری فرهاد حمزه
        Manuscript profile
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        240 - پاسخ تخمیر شکمبه ای در جیره های گاو شیری با تجزیه پذیری مختلف پروتئین و دانه جو فرآوری‌ شده
        ا. خطیبی شهری م. دانش مسگران د. زحمتکش
        این مطالعه برای بررسی اثر جیره­ های گاو شیری با منابع مختلف پروتئینی [کنجاله سویا، کنجاله سویای محافظت شده با زایلوز (یاسمینومکس®)، و دانه سویای پولکی با بخار] و دانه جو با فراوری مختلف بر کنتیک تولید گاز و تولید نیتروژن میکروبی انجام شده است. جیره­ های آزما More
        این مطالعه برای بررسی اثر جیره­ های گاو شیری با منابع مختلف پروتئینی [کنجاله سویا، کنجاله سویای محافظت شده با زایلوز (یاسمینومکس®)، و دانه سویای پولکی با بخار] و دانه جو با فراوری مختلف بر کنتیک تولید گاز و تولید نیتروژن میکروبی انجام شده است. جیره­ های آزمایشی شامل دانه جو آسیاب + کنجاله سویا، دانه جو آسیاب + کنجاله سویای محافظت شده با زایلوز (سطح کم)، دانه جو پولکی با بخار + کنجاله سویا، دانه جو پولکی با بخار + کنجاله سویای محافظت شده با زایلوز (سطح کم)، دانه جو آسیاب + دانه سویای پولکی با بخار، دانه جو آسیاب + کنجاله سویای محافظت شده با زایلوز (سطح زیاد)، دانه جو پولکی با بخار + دانه سویای پولکی با بخار و دانه جو پولکی با بخار + کنجاله سویای محافظت شده با زایلوز (سطح زیاد) بودند. روش تولید گاز در شرایط in vitro برای تعیین تفاوت­ های تولید نیتروژن میکروبی بین جیره­ ها استفاده گردید. پتانسیل تولید گاز (b) در جیره ­های دارای دانه سویای پولکی با بخار در مقایسه با سایر جیره ­ها، بیشتر بود (0.01>P). بالاترین نرخ ثابت تولید گاز (c) متعلق به جیره دارای دانه جو آسیاب و کنجاله سویا بود (0.01>P). بالاترین نیمه عمر تولید گاز (t2/1) نیز در جیره با دانه جو آسیاب و کنجاله سویا ثبت شد (0.01>P). تولید نیتروژن میکروبی و در نتیجه نسبت نیتروژن میکروبی به نیتروژن جیره در جیره­ های محتوی کنجاله سویای محافظت شده با زایلوز نسبت به جیره ­های دیگر و بویژه در مقایسه با جیره ­های دارای دانه سویای پولکی با بخار بالاتر بود (0.05>P). این نتایج نشان داد که دانه سویای پولکی با بخار در مقایسه با کنجاله سویا و کنجاله سویای محافظت شده با زایلوز، تخمیر شکمبه ­ای و تولید نیتروژن میکروبی را در ترکیب با دانه جو آسیاب و دانه جو پولکی با بخار ممکن است بهبود ندهد و بهترین نتایج در تولید نیتروژن میکروبی به کنجاله سویای محافظت شده با زایلوز مربوط بود. Manuscript profile
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        241 - اثر جایگزینی تفاله سیاه دانه (Guzoitia abyssinica) با سطوح متفاوتی از کنجاله برگ چای (Urtica simensis) رو تولید تخم ‌مرغ و پارامترهای کیفیت تخم‌ مرغ مرغ‌های تخمگذار تجاری
        آ. ملسه جی. گانبو آ. آبب
        اثر جایگزینی تفاله سیاه دانه (Guzoitia abyssinica) با کنجاله برگ چای (Urtica simensis) (SLM) روی تولید تخم ‌مرغ و پارامترهای کیفیت تخم ‌مرغ در مرغ‌های تخمگذار تجاری بررسی شد. پنج تیمار جیره‌ای (T) برای محتوی SLM در 0 درصد (T1)، 3 درصد (T2)، 6 درصد (T3)، 9 درصد (T4) و 12 More
        اثر جایگزینی تفاله سیاه دانه (Guzoitia abyssinica) با کنجاله برگ چای (Urtica simensis) (SLM) روی تولید تخم ‌مرغ و پارامترهای کیفیت تخم ‌مرغ در مرغ‌های تخمگذار تجاری بررسی شد. پنج تیمار جیره‌ای (T) برای محتوی SLM در 0 درصد (T1)، 3 درصد (T2)، 6 درصد (T3)، 9 درصد (T4) و 12 درصد (T5) با جایگزینی تفاله سیاه دانه فرموله شدند. 155 پولت تخمگذار Brown به ‌طور تصادفی به تیمارهای جیره‌ای اختصاص یافتند، با 3 تکرار هرکدام شامل 10 مرغ. نتایج نشان دادند که خوراک مصرفی در میان تیمارهای جیره‌ای متفاوت نبود. وزن بدن نهایی (g) فردی مرغ‌ها در T1، T2، T3، T4 و T5 به ترتیب 1786، 1804، 1804، 1819 و 1858 بود، با بالاترین مقدار (05/0P<) برای T5. میانگین وزن تخم ‌مرغ (g) مرغ‌ها تغذیه شده با جیره‌های T1، T2، T3، T4 و T5 به ترتیب 45، 2/47، 9/48، 5/53 و 5/55 بود، با تفاوت (05/0P<) برای T4 و T5. تولید تخم ‌مرغ در لانه (درصد) برای مرغ‌های تغذیه شده با جیره‌های T1، T2، T3، T4 و T5 به ترتیب 3/44، 5/49، 4/59، 9/70 و 5/80 درصد بودند و از یکدیگر تفاوت داشتند (05/0P<). میزان تولید تخم‌ مرغ روزانه فرد مربوطه (g) در مرغ‌های تغذیه شده با جیره‌های T1، T2، T3، T4 و T5 به ترتیب 20، 4/23، 1/29، 9/37 و 7/44 بود، با تفاوت در هر گروه (05/0P<). ضریب تبدیل خوراک (کیلوگرم خوراک/کیلوگرم توده تخم ‌مرغ) به ترتیب 50/5، 18/4، 55/3، 83/2 و 40/2 برای مرغ‌های پرورش داده شده در T1، T2، T3، T4 و T5 بود و برای تیمارهای T4 و T5 پایین‌ترین بود (05/0P<). مرغ‌های تغذیه شده با جیره‌های T3، T4 و T5 ضخامت پوسته بالاتری (05/0P<) نسبت به T1 و T2 داشتند. شاخص زرده برای مرغ‌های پرورش در T5 نسبت به جیره‌های T1 و T3 بالاتر بود (05/0P<). در نتیجه‌گیری، جایگزینی تفاله سیاه دانه با SLM تولید تخم ‌مرغ و بیشتر پارامترهای کیفیت تخم ‌مرغ را بهبود داد. ما تحقیقات بیشتری برای تأیید تأثیر برگ چای بر کلسترول تام و غلظت تری ‌گلیسیرید زرده و گوشت توصیه می‌کنیم. Manuscript profile
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        242 - اثر شمارش یاخته‌های پیکری کُل و افتراقی، مرحله شیردهی و تعداد دوره‌های شیردهی بر لیپولیز و ترکیب فیزیکوشیمیایی شیر شتر (Camelus dromedaries) و گاو
        اچ. حامد آ.ف. ال فکری آ. گرگوری
        مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات شمارش یاخته­های پیکری (SCC)، SCC افتراقی (ماکروفاژ (MAC)، لیمفوسیت (LYM) و لوکوسیت­های چندهسته­ای (PMN))، تعداد و مرحله شیردهی بر ترکیب شیر در شیر شتر و گاو صورت گرفته است. شیر شتر به طور معنی­داری (05/0>P) حاوی مواد معد More
        مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات شمارش یاخته­های پیکری (SCC)، SCC افتراقی (ماکروفاژ (MAC)، لیمفوسیت (LYM) و لوکوسیت­های چندهسته­ای (PMN))، تعداد و مرحله شیردهی بر ترکیب شیر در شیر شتر و گاو صورت گرفته است. شیر شتر به طور معنی­داری (05/0>P) حاوی مواد معدنی بیشتری است. سطح لیپولیز در شیر شتر مشابه شیر گاو است. سطح لیپولیز همگام با افزایش سطح MAC در شیر شتر افزایش یافته ولی در شیر گاو چنین نیست. نتایج حاصل نشان می­دهد که MAC در تجزیه چربی شیر شتر نقش­آفرینی می­کند. ترکیب مواد معدنی به طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر SCC در شیر شتر واقع می­شود. ترکیب شیر تحت تأثیر تعداد دوره شیردهی در هر دو گونه قرار نمی­گیرد. سطح کل جامدات شیر، کلسیم و سدیم در شیر شتر همگام با پیشرفت دوره شیردهی، کاهش می­یابد. Manuscript profile
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        243 - Modeling Of Irrigation and Drainage Networks with Remote Sensing and Gis (Case Study of Debye Sabili Area)
        ali afrous Ebrahim Nohani Hamid Behfar
        Underground water is one of the important sources of exploitation in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, in order to preserve the quality of groundwater, it is important to be aware of the local transmittal and temporal distribution of them. The purpose of this study More
        Underground water is one of the important sources of exploitation in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, in order to preserve the quality of groundwater, it is important to be aware of the local transmittal and temporal distribution of them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the local variations of groundwater quality in Sabili lands using interpolation method. Sabilly area is located in the north of Khuzestan province, north of Dezful city, which is under planting about 9100 hectares. After landing, reference and digitization of the map and data of the Sabilly area including meteorological parameters, groundwater quality in the area as well as soil science, geology and land classification, layers were created in the ArcCatalog layer. To prepare a variety of quality maps of the area, firstly, the wells studied by x and y (latitude and longitude) were created as points with qualitative information in the GIS software. Then, with the help of interpolation techniques (IDW), the quality maps of the region have been extracted. The results of groundwater quality zoning showed that TDS deviations from 160 mg / lit in the north of the area in al-Mahdi township to 1646 mg / lit in the east of the region in Sarbisheh village has changed.The amount of sodium and potassium in the Sarbisheh area is high and around the Gurpsifid is medium and the rest of the plain is low. The sodium absorption ratio (SAR) in the Sarbisheh area is high and around the Gurpsifid is medium and the rest of the plain is low. The results also showed that, in terms of the bicarbonate hazard of the region, is in the proper category for irrigation, Also the studied area was desirable for irrigation because of this place has been rich in calcium and magnesium. Manuscript profile
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        244 - Presenting a model to determine the equilibrium point in the Oligopoly
        Reza Basiri Mansour Abedian Saeed Aghasi Zahra Dashtlali
        Oligopoly is one of the common structures of the market and is actually a state between pure competition and pure monopoly. The theoretical literature distinguishes between the behaviors of companies in adopting competitive pricing strategies. It is common to study mode More
        Oligopoly is one of the common structures of the market and is actually a state between pure competition and pure monopoly. The theoretical literature distinguishes between the behaviors of companies in adopting competitive pricing strategies. It is common to study models where all firms are price-makers or price-takers, but the simultaneous application of price-making and price-taking strategies by firms producing a similar product using game theory has not received much attention. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to use game theory with equilibrium concepts forward-looking equilibrium reasoning, and backward-looking individual learning simulation tools to investigate the behavior of companies. The results of the recent study showed that the Cournot-Nash model is a stable model for the real evaluation of pricing strategies in a dynamic oligopoly market. However, with a larger number of firms, a unilateral deviation from Cournot's behavior becomes profitable. In this paper, we have formally proved that the only possible stable market is the Cornot market, where every firm can be a price taker. Conversely, a market in which all firms accept only prices is never stable, and therefore Walrasian equilibrium is not applicable according to the findings. When there are no stable markets, the market does not evolve toward a fixed composition, but the number of price takers typically decreases. In such a situation, the market composition follows a cyclical pattern that is related to the stability or volatility of crude expectations. Manuscript profile
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        245 - بررسی تاثیر سیاست های پولی بانک مرکزی بر سودآوری بانک های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران طی سالهای 1390 – 1384
        محمد حسین رنجبر محمد محبی علی سلیمی
        Manuscript profile
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        246 - Analyzing the Role of Remittances on the Change in the Economic Situation and the Welfare of Their Families (Case Study: Miankale District, Behshahr County)
        Zahra Sharifinia
        In immigration literature due to immigration more attention has been paid to its positive effects on the welfare and economy of the origin and destination of the households. This paper examines the role of remittances on the Change in the Economic Situation and the Welf More
        In immigration literature due to immigration more attention has been paid to its positive effects on the welfare and economy of the origin and destination of the households. This paper examines the role of remittances on the Change in the Economic Situation and the Welfare of Their Families of Miankaleh as one of the positive effects of immigration on the development of the community of origin. The research methodology is based on the purpose of the applied research and is based on descriptive method. he data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of the population of the villages of Miankaleh. Using the Cochrane formula 378 immigrant households were selected as samples. To analyze the data descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used. Findings show that the satisfaction of immigrant households varies from income status before and after immigration, Also he impact of migrants' transfer money on increasing the willingness of the rural community improving the level of Economic Situation and the Welfare of their families is moderate to high Manuscript profile
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        247 - Geo-Strategic capabilities of the Zionist regime and its impact on the Geopolitics of the Islamic republic of Iran
        alireza keshvardoost hamed khadem
        The forward research has been done with target recognition and specifying geostrategic ability of the Qods occupying regime to identify and determine the geo-strategic capabilities in the hardware field (military power), geo-politics (policy settlements and water) and s More
        The forward research has been done with target recognition and specifying geostrategic ability of the Qods occupying regime to identify and determine the geo-strategic capabilities in the hardware field (military power), geo-politics (policy settlements and water) and software (the media) and its impact on the geopolitical Islamic republic of Iran. Geographic area where the research has been conducted, limited to the south and south-west Asia and north Africa are, But because of the widespread influence of this regime in the countries and international institutions, particularly the United States and its influence on the geo-strategic capabilities Quds occupiers, This relationship was also considered and investigated. Methods In this descriptive study - analysis and use of library resources, documents and the Internet are usually "common method is to study the humanities This study shows that politicians in the occupied territories and are based on the belief that peace in South-West Asia, Only through a combination of powerful hardware and software, it has achieved this regime, The only obstacle to achieving this result, the set of countries are supportive of the Islamic Resistance, And to crush the resistance, should be the mainstay and backbone of the Islamic Republic of Iran is about the in vision. So using all the tools that are intended to come into the beating heart of the Muslim world and its surrounds, And the different ways that affect the ability of geopolitical Manuscript profile
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        248 - Synergic effects of scopoletine and green synthesized silver nanoparticles on Angiogenesis of Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM)
        Parisa zamani esmati Javad Baharara Alireza Iranbakhsh Tayebeh Ramezani
        Background: Today, anti-angiogenesis properties of plants products are considered by researchers. Since the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are green synthesized and scopoletine, have anti-angiogenesis properties. In the present study, the use of these two substances has b More
        Background: Today, anti-angiogenesis properties of plants products are considered by researchers. Since the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are green synthesized and scopoletine, have anti-angiogenesis properties. In the present study, the use of these two substances has been investigated on the angiogenesis in the Chick Chorioalantoic Membrane. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the fertilized eggs were divided, the control and experimental groups including silver nanoparticles treated with nanoparticles (50, 100 and 150 μg/ml), scopoletine (25, 50 and 100 μg/ml), synergistic group, 50μg ml silver nanoparticles and 25 μg/ml scopoletin. In 8th day incubation, treatment was done on gelatin sponge and in 12th day were photographed and the number and lengths of vessels around the sponges, crown rump (CR), fetal weight and blood vessels hemoglobin levels were recorded and compared with control. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 software, one way ANOVA and Tukey test in significant level of P <0.05. Results: The results showed that dose dependent manner of silver nano particles and scopolotine reduced the number and length of blood vessels and decreased level of hemoglobin concentration in treatment groups. The use of Synergic 50 μg/ml nanoparticles and 25 μg/ml concentration of scopoletine, which did not affect on the angiogenesis process, showed a significant decrease in angiogenesis (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of green synthesized silver nanoparticles and scopolinoth has been shown to enhance their anti-angiogenic effects and can be considered as an important study basis to identify effective therapeutic strategis. Manuscript profile
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        249 - Substitution of traditional money with virtual currencies and its effects on macroeconomic variables in the form of DSGE model
        mohammad pouraghdam taghi torabi abbas memarnezhad teymor mohammadi
        The purpose of this article was to investigate the replacement of traditional money with virtual currencies and its effects on macroeconomic variables with the approach of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models. For this purpose, the data of the period 201 More
        The purpose of this article was to investigate the replacement of traditional money with virtual currencies and its effects on macroeconomic variables with the approach of Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models. For this purpose, the data of the period 2018-2019 with seasonal frequency have been used. In the model designed in this article, it is assumed that due to the use of virtual money, a substitution between virtual money and traditional money will happen in people's asset portfolio. In this study, the shock caused by the price and volume of Bitcoin transactions is considered as an indicator for the demand for virtual currency. The results show that the shock from virtual currencies has led to a decrease in the demand for traditional money, in other words, there has been a substitution between holding traditional money and virtual money. In addition, the results indicated that due to the shock of virtual currencies, the amount of consumption in the economy has increased, and on the other hand, the amount of government income from royalties and money printing has decreased. Also, the results showed that the government's tax revenues have also decreased due to the trend of financial resources in the economy towards the demand of virtual currencies. Manuscript profile
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        250 - Forecasting the price of electricity in the cash and advance markets and designing the optimal model for selling electricity in the mentioned markets with the Copola function approach.
        Arash Jalebi mahmood khodam hossein mohammadnezhad
        The purpose of this article was to predict the price of electricity in the cash and cash markets and to design the optimal model of electricity sales in the aforementioned markets with the Copula function approach. For this purpose, daily information was used in the per More
        The purpose of this article was to predict the price of electricity in the cash and cash markets and to design the optimal model of electricity sales in the aforementioned markets with the Copula function approach. For this purpose, daily information was used in the period of 1396-1401. In order to forecast, time series models and OLS, GARCH and Copula approaches were used. The results showed that trigonometric functions can well explain the behavior of electricity prices, which is caused by the seasonal behavior of electricity prices during one-year periods. In the random part, the estimated values show that the random component has an average of almost zero and the speed of returning to the average in prices is high. The average of the shocks, their negativity and variance are very small. The small average values of the shocks actually show that the shocks that occurred in the price of the electricity market in Iran are very insignificant and more importantly, these shocks were more of the negative type. Regarding the optimal strategy when entering into futures transactions, our advice to players is to use the Copula-Garch method to calculate the optimal ratios for risk hedging, for two reasons. The need for risk hedging is less and as a result the transaction cost is lower, secondly, due to the existing restrictions and especially the low liquidity in energy exchange transactions, it is practically possible to cover more risk than the cash position Manuscript profile
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        251 - The hidden variable and volatility of Iran's money demand function
        farshad parvizian alireza erfani
        10.30495/ecomag.2023.706727
        The Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Is Dependence with Shape, Stipulated and Stability the Functions of Money Demand and Liquidity. The Formation of Expected Inflation, can Be a Function of Knowledge, Information and Even Personal Understanding Based on Mental Patterns More
        The Effectiveness of Monetary Policy Is Dependence with Shape, Stipulated and Stability the Functions of Money Demand and Liquidity. The Formation of Expected Inflation, can Be a Function of Knowledge, Information and Even Personal Understanding Based on Mental Patterns of Individuals from the Published Data Issue. The Economic Actors, Based on Expectations of Prices in the Future, Based on Knowledge and Information from the Economy, Deciding they Needed Information from Various Sources Directly or from the Media .In This Research, with the Introduction of the New Variable , the Presence of the Chairman of the Central Bank in the Media, the Demand Functions for the Short and Long Term for the Volume of Money M1, and Liquidity M2, Using Monthly Data of IRAN and Its Approach and Explain, Distributive ARDL Estimates we have. The Results Showed that the Entry Variable, the Presence of the Head of the Central Bank in the money demand Function, Causing Instability, this function will Be. Manuscript profile
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        252 - Modeling and Comparative Study of the Behavior of Consumption, Production and Investment Sectors in the Money and Capital Markets of Iran
        Fatemeh Masoumi Soureh Mohammadreza Nahidi Amirkhiz AliReza Bafandeh Zendeh Yousof HajiAsghari
        10.30495/ECOMAG.1402.1045583
        Extended Abstract With the view of the existence of different types of markets in every economy and according to the macroeconomic structure of every country, we can mention money and capital markets as the most basic financial markets. In the money market, resources More
        Extended Abstract With the view of the existence of different types of markets in every economy and according to the macroeconomic structure of every country, we can mention money and capital markets as the most basic financial markets. In the money market, resources are lent for a short period, and the most important task of this market is to create facilities for economic units and improve their liquidity. By definition, the money market is a market for trading money and other financial assets that are close substitutes for money that have a maturity of less than one year. In other words, the money market is known as the market of short-term financial instruments with the characteristics of low non-payment risk, liquidity, and high nominal value. The capital market is a market where longer-term bonds (with a maturity of one year or more) and company stocks are traded. Securities that are traded in the capital market (such as stocks and long-term bonds) are more interested in financial intermediaries. Considering that these institutions have a long-term investment horizon and prefer to invest in such long-term bonds. Several variables such as economic growth, investment growth in the production sector, investment growth in the housing sector, consumer price index, people's purchasing power, income and savings changes, employment, liquidity, inflation, exchange rate fluctuations, imports, exports, profit fluctuations, and bank interest. and... can be counted among the internal factors influencing the markets and consequently economic growth and development. One of the most basic goals of economic development is to increase the wealth and welfare of the people of the society. In the meantime, among the issues that can have a fundamental and significant role in the markets, is the behavior of economic variables, whose changes and fluctuations can affect the indices of those markets. Purpose In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate consumption behavior, production and investment, producer index and investor behavior in the years 1357 to 1397, using the Hodrick-Press filter method Methodology For this purpose, in this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the behavior of the consumption, production, and investment sectors in the money and capital markets of Iran. To achieve this goal, the annual data of variables of consumer price index, producer price index, private sector investment in new buildings in urban areas, inflation uncertainty, value of stock transactions and money supply have been used and after examining the behavior of each variable in the form of behavior Consumer consumption, producer production behavior and investor behavior for the years 1357 to 1397 have been investigated using Hodrick-Prescott filtering method, autoregression with distributed lag (ARDL) and vector autoregression (VAR) model. The price index of consumer goods and services is one of the types of price indices that shows the price changes of goods and services that are consumed by households in a period. This variable is expected to affect money and capital markets; Therefore, in this research, the consumer price index was used to evaluate the consumer's consumption behavior, and the producer price index was used to evaluate the producer's production behavior. The producer price index includes all productions (goods and services) in the country in question. The weight of each item is the sales volume (producer's sales) of that item to the total sales volume of items and the change in the price of items is the price of each item in each month compared to the price of the same item in the previous month. In the housing sector, it is expected that an expansionary monetary policy will increase the demand for housing by increasing the amount of money in the asset portfolio. Of course, this depends on various issues. For example, suppose the amount of money increases as a result of an expansionary monetary policy, people will try to buy other assets, such as housing, currency, and stocks, to use the amount of money more. If in that economy, the yield of the housing sector is higher than other assets, or if people in that society are more willing to make long-term investments. In that case, the demand for housing will increase and investors will replace housing with other assets, including stocks and currency. To investigate the behavior of these variables, the Hedrick-Prescott filter provides the unobservable time trend for the time series variable. This filter is used to separate permanent and temporary fluctuations in a time series. The working principle of this filter is based on the separation of fluctuations into permanent fluctuations (supply) and short-term fluctuations (demand). Finding After examining the behavior of the aforementioned variables using Hedrick-Prescott filtering, the results of the ARDL method with a distribution break for the money market showed that in the short term, the variables of consumer consumption behavior, producer production behavior, and investor behavior, and in the long term, all variables with money supply have a relationship But the results of the same method for the capital market show that there is no significant relationship between any of the variables with the value of stock market transactions, both in the short term and in the long term. The results of the VAR model for the money market showed that there is a significant positive relationship between the money supply and the consumer's consumption behavior and the investor's behavior of a previous period, and there is a negative significant relationship between the money supply and the producer's production behavior of a previous period, and the output resulting from this The method for the capital market indicates the existence of a significant negative relationship between the consumption behavior of the consumer, the production behavior of the producer and the behavior of the investor with the value of the stock transactions of a previous period. Conclusion The results of the ARDL method showed that in the long term in the money market, all the considered variables were related to the money supply, which indicates the confirmation of all the considered hypotheses for the money market, but none of the mentioned variables were related to the value of market transactions. Stocks were not related and it shows the rejection of all the hypotheses considered for the capital market. Manuscript profile
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        253 - The Effect of Accounting Quality on the Transmission of Monetary Policy based on the Balance Sheet Channel to the Stock Market
        Elham Malakzade Mohammad Ali Aghaei Mohammad Amri-Asrami
        This paper examines the role of accounting quality on transmission of monetary policy based on balance sheet channel to stock market. Accounting quality can affect the transmission of monetary policies based on the balance sheet channel to the stock market through stock More
        This paper examines the role of accounting quality on transmission of monetary policy based on balance sheet channel to stock market. Accounting quality can affect the transmission of monetary policies based on the balance sheet channel to the stock market through stock returns and corporate investment. The quality of firms’ accounting reports can play an important role in transmitting monetary policy. From the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, 148 firms from 2013 to 2019 were selected as a sample using screening method, and the hypotheses tested by the panel data with fixed effects. The findings show that contractionary monetary policy has negative relation with the stock returns and the firm's investment. The interaction effect of accounting quality with monetary policy has a negative and significant effect on stock returns, and the interaction effect of accounting quality with monetary policy has a positive and significant effect on new investment. Therefore, improving the quality of accounting leads to an increase in stock returns and an increase in new investment. But an contractionary monetary policy based on the balance sheet channel increases stock returns and reduces investment. Companies with low accounting quality have more sensitive to changes in monetary policy, as their fluctuations in returns and investments are more than others. Adopting the appropriate monetary policy improves the accounting information quality and consequently improves the accuracy of the market response. Manuscript profile
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        254 - The Impact of Monetary Policy Uncertainty on Cash Holding with Emphasis on Limited Liability Companies
        fatemeh sarraf hamideh badami
        In the state of uncertainty, planning, decision-making and policy-making progress in all economic sectors of the financial markets are disrupted. As the possibility of prediction will decrease and it will be difficult for economic operators to realize future visions.The More
        In the state of uncertainty, planning, decision-making and policy-making progress in all economic sectors of the financial markets are disrupted. As the possibility of prediction will decrease and it will be difficult for economic operators to realize future visions.The source of uncertainty can be monetary, financial or political policies. According to this, the uncertainty impact of monetary policies on the optimal level of cash retention of listed companies will be investigated. In order to improve the results, the moderating role of financial restrictions is included in the model. Since all the companies do not have the same access to financial resources to provide their liquidity, which will lead the results to a more accurate explanation of reality.The research method is practical. For this purpose, the information of 127 companies in 11 fiscal years from 1389 to 1399 has been examined.The results of the study are the result of uncertainty in monetary policy subject to economic regimes, and based on this, 5 regimes were observed to estimate the cash hold model. The results showed the fact that with increasing the level of uncertainty, the amount of cash hold increased and in the case of financial constraints to the five models, the amount of cash hold also increased. Manuscript profile
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        255 - The Impact of Monetary and Foreign Exchange Policies uncertainty on Investors' Emotional Tendencies
        mojtaba karimi Farideh Sadat Sobhanian Mohammadamin Aliakbari
        The knowledge of whether monetary and financial policy uncertainties are effective on investors' emotional responses or not, gives hope to users and above all investors and financial analysts to achieve a fair price and follow That reasonable return on investment, devel More
        The knowledge of whether monetary and financial policy uncertainties are effective on investors' emotional responses or not, gives hope to users and above all investors and financial analysts to achieve a fair price and follow That reasonable return on investment, develop an algorithm to use these variables as an early warning indicator in their decisions. The purpose of the article is to investigate the impact of monetary and currency policy uncertainty on the emotional tendencies of investors in selected stock exchange companies. This empirical study has been investigated using the GMM dynamic panel method for 109 companies admitted to the Stock Exchange and Securities Organization. The fitting results in the period from 2018 to 2019 indicate the positive effect of monetary and financial policy uncertainty on the emotional tendencies of investors, and this positive effect can be attributed to the important role of monetary and financial policy uncertainty in determining prices and explaining returns, especially for Stocks that are export and import oriented. This important issue should be taken into consideration by policymakers in formulating monetary and financial policies, whose purpose is to control the emotional and mass-like behavior of investors. Manuscript profile
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        256 - The effect of macro monetary and financial variables on stock price index of Tehran Stock Exchange
        mohammad sadegh Sheykh
        In recent decades, the role of the capital market and the expansion of financial markets had a relatively high relationship with the economic growth of countries. Countries such as America, Japan, England, South Korea, Singapore and other developed countries have made g More
        In recent decades, the role of the capital market and the expansion of financial markets had a relatively high relationship with the economic growth of countries. Countries such as America, Japan, England, South Korea, Singapore and other developed countries have made great use of these financial markets and especially the stock exchange for economic development and growth. In this research, by conducting the ARDL test in the period of 1991-2020, we investigated the long-term and short-term relationships between the variables, with a one percent change in the variables of liquidity and consumer price index, respectively, 26. 4.0.34% will be added to the stock price index of Tehran Stock Exchange. the coefficients of all variables can be interpreted at a significant level of 5%. with a one percent change in the variables of liquidity volume and consumer price index, 1.46, 0.52 percent will be added to the stock price index of Tehran Stock Exchange, respectively. Meanwhile, with a one percent change in monetary base variables and financial development, the stock price index of Tehran Stock Exchange will decrease by 0.86% and 0.67%, respectively. it can be said that with increasing liquidity and after that, the price level increases, the value of assets and production inputs of companies and economic institutions increases. If the price increase of listed companies' products is more than the growth of production costs, the profits of companies will increase and inflation from the future cash flow channel of earnings can have a positive effect on stock prices. Manuscript profile
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        257 - Short-run and Long-run Effects of Exchange Rate on Balance of Payments
        Narges Khaton Pirhadi Tavandashti Ali. Dehghni Fatemeh. Zandi
        The monetary approach to the balance of payments in Iran has been considered in this research. For this purpose the model of time series, VAR and VECM are employed. Results indicated a two-way causality between money supply and inflation; exchange and inflation rates More
        The monetary approach to the balance of payments in Iran has been considered in this research. For this purpose the model of time series, VAR and VECM are employed. Results indicated a two-way causality between money supply and inflation; exchange and inflation rates in short-run and long-run. However, the effects of national currency devaluation on export, current account and balance of payments are not verified authentically enough. Manuscript profile
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        258 - The Relationship between Methods of Measuring Intellectual Capital and Investment Efficiency
        Yadollah Nourifard Abdolreza Shahbazi
        Intellectual capital is considered by many scholars as an important resource in organizations, as well as for the impact that can have on corporate performance.  In this research, the relationship between methods of measuring intellectual capital and investment eff More
        Intellectual capital is considered by many scholars as an important resource in organizations, as well as for the impact that can have on corporate performance.  In this research, the relationship between methods of measuring intellectual capital and investment efficiency has been investigated. The research, in terms of target type is a part of applied research and the method of research, in terms of substance and content, is a correlation research. The research framework is deductive-inductive reasoning. Research hypotheses have been analyzed based on information gathered from 141 companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2009 to 2015. The results of the hypotheses test showed that there is no significant relationship between intellectual capital calculated using conventional value method and investment efficiency and the existence of a significant and positive relationship between the intellectual capital calculated by the coefficient of intellectual-Pulic value added and the calculated intellectual capital calculated using the intangible value coefficient with more investment and there is a significant and negative relationship between the intellectual capital calculated by the coefficient of intellectual-Pulic value and intellectual capital calculated using the intangible value coefficient with low capitalization Manuscript profile
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        259 - Impact of Monetary PolicyonInterest Rate in Iran
        Zahra KeshavarzMohammadian Oranous Parivar Ali Hasanzadeh
        Monetary policy is considered as one of the main economic tools, accompanying fiscal policies in forming a set of powerful items for applying economic policies.The main role ofmonetarypolicyis controlling money volume and liquidity.This paper reviews the impact of monet More
        Monetary policy is considered as one of the main economic tools, accompanying fiscal policies in forming a set of powerful items for applying economic policies.The main role ofmonetarypolicyis controlling money volume and liquidity.This paper reviews the impact of monetary policy on interest rate in Iran during 1352-1385 via OLS.To this aim, the relation between money volume and interest rate is investigated through ordinary least square method. The results indicate that money volume has on direct effect on interest rate. In addition, there is a direct relation between consumer price index and interest rate. Finally, a direct relation between national income and interest rate is concluded. Manuscript profile
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        260 - The Relationship between Budget Deficits, Inflation and Money Supply in Iran
        Ali Dehghani Masumeh Ehyaei Bijan Safavi
        The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between budget deficits, inflation and money supply growth rate in Iran as one of the most important subjects in macroeconomics. In many countries, the budget deficit policy is used as one of the tools More
        The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between budget deficits, inflation and money supply growth rate in Iran as one of the most important subjects in macroeconomics. In many countries, the budget deficit policy is used as one of the tools of financial policy. The relationship between the government budget deficit and the macroeconomic variables is somewhat ambiguous. All data related to inflation, budget deficit and money supply growth rate have been collected from the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Iranian Statistical Center. Econometric methods including stability test, White, Johansson and vector regression test (VAR) were used to examine the hypothesis. The results of the present study show a positive and significant relationship between budget deficit, inflation and money supply growth that confirms the hypotheses of the study. Manuscript profile
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        261 - Altruism from the perspective of the Prophet Paul and Imam Ali (as) in social relations
        Bashir Ashrafi gorban almi zahrah hosinie hamied zahra ebrahimi
        Altruism is especially important in social relations in the two religions of Islam and Christianity, so that from the point of view of Imam Ali (AS) and Paul the Apostle, two of the pillars of these two religions, its weakening causes the collapse of human relations. Si More
        Altruism is especially important in social relations in the two religions of Islam and Christianity, so that from the point of view of Imam Ali (AS) and Paul the Apostle, two of the pillars of these two religions, its weakening causes the collapse of human relations. Since in Islam and especially in the eyes of Imam Ali, people are the family of God and in Christianity and in the eyes of the Apostle Paul, they are considered to be members of the body of Christ, loving them is actually loving God himself, he advises hospitable Christians. take care of the sick and bereaved and be generous to those in need. Instead of working to meet their own needs and wants, they should look at all Christians and be eager to share their income with others. Among the examples of altruism in Imam Ali's view are self-sacrifice, kindness, helping the needy, hospitality, and forgiveness. It is realized through friendship with people. One of the commandments of the Imam is to pay attention to the moral conscience in relationships with others. In this regard, they say; O my son, put your ego as the measure between yourself and others.The present research shows by a comparative analytical method, if love for people, which is a sign of love for God, dominates the soul of a person, it will make a servant and hardworking person who never neglects to serve others. Manuscript profile
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        262 - Bioinformatics study of recombinant glucose oxidase expressed in Yarrowia lipolytica and optimization of its production by Taguchi experiment design method
        Fatemeh Khadivi Derakhshan Farshad Darvishi Mehruz Dezfulian Catherine Madzak
        Background & Objectives: Glucose oxidase has a wide range of application in medical, pharmaceutical, food, textile, and environmental industries. Heterologous expression of the enzyme has been investigated in yeast hosts due to several industrial-scale limitations i More
        Background & Objectives: Glucose oxidase has a wide range of application in medical, pharmaceutical, food, textile, and environmental industries. Heterologous expression of the enzyme has been investigated in yeast hosts due to several industrial-scale limitations in enzyme production by Aspergillus niger. The present study aimed to investigate bioinformatics characteristics of recombinant glucose oxidase in Yarrowia lipolytica Po1g-GOX and to optimize the production conditions of the enzyme by Taguchi experimental design method. Materials & Methods: Protein sequence, primary, secondary and tertiary structures and glycosylation rate of recombinant glucose oxidase enzyme were studied via bioinformatics tools. Optimization of recombinant glucose oxidase for glucose, peptone, yeast extract and pH at four levels in YPD media with thiamine were defined to Qualitek-4 software. The level of enzyme production was measured and analyzed by the software.Results: Recombinant glucose oxidase had 605 amino acids, with 29% α-helix, 16% β sheet and 54% coil in its secondary structure showing similarity to that of native glucose oxidase of A. niger. Eight glycosylation sites have been located in this recombinant protein, and the tertiary structure had one domain showing high similarity to native glucose oxidase. The highest level of recombinant glucose oxidase production was obtained in medium containing 30 g/L glucose, 5 g/L yeast extract, 15 g/L peptone, and pH 7.Conclusion: Recombinant glucose oxidase produced in Yarrowia has a suitable potential to be used in pharmaceutical and food industries due to high similarity to native glucose oxidase. Manuscript profile
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        263 - An analysis for assay role of Nonpolio Entreviruses for cause of AFP in Iran, by five cell lines
        Firouz Abbasian Hamideh Tabatabaei Mahboubeh Sarijlou Rakhshande Nategh
        Background and objectives: AFP (Acute flaccid paralysis) is a suddenly weakness of any organs of body that its symptoms reach to peak after 4-5 day, but it don't progress. AFP has much etiology that Poliovirus is more important than others. At currently, Poliovirus has More
        Background and objectives: AFP (Acute flaccid paralysis) is a suddenly weakness of any organs of body that its symptoms reach to peak after 4-5 day, but it don't progress. AFP has much etiology that Poliovirus is more important than others. At currently, Poliovirus has been eradicated in most countries, and then we must analysis role of nonpolio agent in this disease. Material and Methods: In this work, all of stool specimens of AFP patient (2003) inoculate to five cell line (L20B, RD, Hep-2, Vero and GMK). And have evaluted with micronutrilization tests. Results: We inoculate two specimens from any 460 case fewer than 15 years AFP patient to these five lines. Ultimately, we isolated 34 different species and serotypes of Entroviruses. Upon this result, 7.1% of all cases were positive for cell culture and isolation of Entroviruses. Sexuality doesn't have an effective role in isolation of Entroviruses. Most of these viruses isolated from less than 0-5 year's children and it decline by increase in age. Echoviruses (12 cases) and Polioviruses (12 cases) have been isolated more than others. Conclusion: We showed a meaningful difference between RP (Residual Paralysis) positive and RP negative cases. Upon this result, we showed nonpolio Entroviruses can cause RP. It doesn't have meaningful difference isolation of Vaccine Poliovirus between RP positive and RP negative patient. Then we showed OPV vaccines used in Iran, have enough safety. The difference in isolation of Coxsacie virus between RP positive and RP negative is not meaningful. We demonstrate Echoviruses can cause AFP in patient fewer 5 years, because the difference in isolation of Echoviruses between RP positive and RP negative patient is meaningful. Manuscript profile
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        264 - خسارت ناشی از کاهش ارزش پول در حقوق ایران و انگلستان
        سمیه تفقدی زارع
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        265 - شیوه های پولی جبران خسارت قراردادی در حقوق ایران، امارات و کنوانسیون بیع بین المللی کالا
        منصور شکیبا پژمان محمدی سیاوش شجاع پوریان
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        266 - بیت کوین؛ پولشویی و راهکارهای مقابله
        مریم فراتی باقر شاملو ایرج گلدوزیان
        10.30495/alr.2021.677228
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        267 - جرائم مورد تأکید اف.ای.تی.اف و روش‌های ارتکاب این جرائم از طریق نظام بانکی
        ابوالفضل جعفر قلی خانی سیدمحمد حسینی احمدفداله طیبه بلوردی
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        268 - آیین دادرسی افتراقی در پولشویی با رویکرد امنیت گرایی
        محمد شهریاری محمدرضا شادمان فر مسعود حیدری علی یوسف زاده
        10.30495/alr.2022.1921486.2023
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        269 - رمان آموزشی در ادبیات قرن نوزده فرانسه
        مهدی حیدری
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        270 - نقش نوسانات اقتصادی بر تسهیلات اعطایی بانک‌ها از کانال سرمایه اضافی بانک
        محسن مهر آرا حسن توکلیان عطااله رحمانی
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        271 - تحلیلی بر محاسبه قیمت تمام شده پول در بانک‌های ایران (مطالعه موردی شعب بانک سپه استان سمنان)
        علیرضا مسعودیان احمد جعفری صمیمی علیرضا عرفانی اسمعیل ابونوری
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        272 - Investigation and identification of possible conflicts in the implementation of macroprudential policies with the objectives of monetary policy (output and price stabilization) in the Iranian economy using the DSGE approach"
        Parisa Tavako mehdi pedram Hossein Tavakoliyan
        10.30495/fed.2022.697603
        AbstractFollowing the financial crisis of 2008-2007, the use of macroprudential measures to curb credit cycles became an economic policy in many countries. However, under certain conditions, the implementation of these policies may have negative effects on the output ga More
        AbstractFollowing the financial crisis of 2008-2007, the use of macroprudential measures to curb credit cycles became an economic policy in many countries. However, under certain conditions, the implementation of these policies may have negative effects on the output gap and price stability, which are the goals of monetary policy. In this paper, by designing a a closed dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model for the Iranian economy in the period 1369: 1 to 1399: 2 and macroprudential tools loan-to-value restrictions and countercyclical capital buffer and shocks including productivity, bank capital and monetary policy shocks is used and the conflicts (increasing variance ) resulting from the implementation of macroprudential policy on  monetary policy objectives was examined.The results show that with the occurrence of shocks, the implementation of loan-to-value ratio requirements does not conflict with production and inflation, and with more response of this tool, the variance of production and inflation reduced monotically, indicating a complementary relationship of this macroprudential tool with monetary policy objectives. Therefore a policymaker can use this macroprudential tool with less concern.However, the requirement of countercyclical capital buffer after the occurrence of these shocks is initially in conflict with price stabilization and output, which with a more severe reaction of this macroprudential tool reduces inflation and output fluctuations and reduces its adverse side effects. However, the exception is the variance of inflation in the monetary policy impulse, which increases with the intensification of the loan-to-value ratio, and with the intensification of countercyclical capital buffer,inflation is initially decreasing and after reaching its minimum value, it rises. . The results of this study can be useful for how macroprudential and monetary policies are organized and how to coordinate between these two policies.  Manuscript profile
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        273 - ارزیابی تأثیر قدرت رقابتی و سیاست پولی بر بازده دارایی‌ در بانک‌های ایران (رهیافت الگوهای ساختاری)
        حسین شریفی نیا هوشنگ مؤمنی وصالیان علیرضا دقیقی اصلی مرجان دامن کشیده مجید افشاری راد
        Manuscript profile
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        274 - The Influence of Real Exchange Rate Fluctuations on the competition indices in Iran’s Economy (1979-2013)
        وحید منافی انور فرهاد خداداد کاشی جهانگیر بیابانی فاطمه پاسبان
        Abstract In every country the value of money is closely related to economic power, continual and stable growth of physical commodities and the more production stability would continue, the cost index is more steady.One country that has desirable and fast economic growt More
        Abstract In every country the value of money is closely related to economic power, continual and stable growth of physical commodities and the more production stability would continue, the cost index is more steady.One country that has desirable and fast economic growth, as compared with other countries , its money will be strengthened. Growth of each economic factors such as gross domestic product and partial sale and employment result in demand increasing for that foreign currency and consequently its strengthening.On other hand, some policies can increase the international competition power for one country in clued micro economics and macro economics.The purpose of this research would be considering the change real exchange rate and its effects on the competition indices in Iran’s economy during the period of 1979-2013 The equations are estimated by VAR test and using eviews6. Estimation results show that oil incomes and budget deficits had negative effects on real exchange rate, and GDP and liquidity had positive effects on real exchange rate.   Manuscript profile
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        275 - آثار متغیرهای حقیقی و پولی- مالی بر نرخ سود سپرده بانکی ایران
        ابوالقاسم مهدوی مزده ناصر الهی اکبر کمیجانی عباس دادجوی توکلی
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        276 - تعیین نرخ بهینه چاپ پول با استفاده از الگوی نسل های تداخلی(ایران)
        ایوب فرامرزی رحیم دلالی اصفهانی سعید صمدی
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        277 - بررسی اثرات نامتقارن نوسانات نرخ ارز بر تراز تجاری ایران و چین با رویکرد ARDL غیرخطی
        مریم ابراهیمی کامبیز هژبر کیانی عباس معمار نژاد فرهاد غفاری
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        278 - فرار مالیاتی در پایه مالیات بر درآمد اشخاص حقوقی در ایران ) برآوردهای سالانه 1392-1352(
        رضا امیدی پور جمشید پژویان
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        279 - بررسی اثرات نامتقارن نرخ ارز بر تابع تقاضای پول ایران با وجود هزینه مذهبی خانوار: رویکرد NARDL
        محمود عیدی کامبیز هژبر کیانی یداله رجایی اشکان رحیم زاده
        20.1001.1.25383833.1399.14.52.2.2)
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        280 - An Estimation of Underground Economy in Iran Using Indirect Method
        Gholamreza Geraeinejad Vahideh Asgharnejad
        Underground Economy (UE) has grown in most countries during the last decades. Although this is not a new phenomenon in economics and could be seen in any economic system, but its size and determinants varies from country to country. It is important to have an idea about More
        Underground Economy (UE) has grown in most countries during the last decades. Although this is not a new phenomenon in economics and could be seen in any economic system, but its size and determinants varies from country to country. It is important to have an idea about it and access to some information about UE to make policies for reducing tax invasion, promoting economic growth and improving income distribution. Macroeconomic indictors in Iran , such as unemployment rate, the gap between income tax and tax capacity, the gap between income and expenditures of household in household surveys and income distribution indexes show that the national accounts are not completely qualified for showing all the economics facts and it is partly due to UE in Iran. In this article we estimate the size of UE in Iran during the 1793-2005 periods by using currency demand approach. The results show that average UE size in that period is about 20 percent of GDP. Manuscript profile
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        281 - پوشش ریسک درآمدهای نفتی ایران: رویکرد پوشش ریسک تجمیع یافته
        علی طیب نیا محسن مهر آرا آزاده اختری
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        282 - بررسی پدیده خنثایی پول در اقتصاد ایران
        مهدی حنطه منوچهر عسکری محمود ختایی
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        283 - Analysis the effects of monetary policy on stock prices in the Iranian economy; Method of Bayesian Averaging and Augmented Time Varying Parameter- Vector Autoregression Approach
        Maryam Rouhani Mahmoud Houshmand M. Taher Ahmadi Shadmehri
        10.30495/fed.2024.709338
        Abstract One of the basic dimensions in the discussion of financial instability is the volatility of asset prices. The reason for the change in asset prices is not only the policies of the central bank, but examining its impact interprets an important part of its chang More
        Abstract One of the basic dimensions in the discussion of financial instability is the volatility of asset prices. The reason for the change in asset prices is not only the policies of the central bank, but examining its impact interprets an important part of its changes. In this research, based on the method of Bayesian averaging and principal component analysis, the monetary policy index effective on the stock price has been determined and through the TVP-FAVAR model, the effect of this variable on the stock price has been investigated in MATLAB software. According to the results, the changes of one standard deviation in the monetary policy index over time on stock prices have been U-shaped. Changes of one standard deviation in the monetary policy index had a positive and strong impact on stock prices in the beginning to the end of the period. Manuscript profile
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        284 - WHEN DOES GOVERNMENT DEBT CROWD OUT PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN IRAN? DSGE APPOACH
        طیبه نسرین دوست کریم امامی سید شمس الدین حسینی کامبیز پیکارجو
        In this paper, the effect of government debt crowd out on private sector investment in the Iranian economy is investigated, using the New keynesian model in a stochastic dynamic equilibrium model (DSGE) and the Bayesian estimation solution method during the years 1997-2 More
        In this paper, the effect of government debt crowd out on private sector investment in the Iranian economy is investigated, using the New keynesian model in a stochastic dynamic equilibrium model (DSGE) and the Bayesian estimation solution method during the years 1997-2017 .Financing government resources is important, especially in recent years, when government issues bonds and it is necessary to apply shocks and examine the effects of government policy. In this regard, several policy shocks have been applied to the system and the response between fiscal and monetary policies has been examined. The results show that direct government policy interventions are made, the effect of crowd out government debt on private investment is greater than in conditions where there is a market system or at least less government policy.Contrary to the conventional view, no systematic relationships between real interest rates and  private investment. Manuscript profile
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        285 - Application of optimal theory for Forcast Path of Iran Liquidity
        Mostafa Rajabi Homayun Ranjbar Fojan Tadayon
        Since the process of economic development rests on the five-year program is to develop. Implement these programs require financial resources and liquidity expansion that can to lead to negative economic effects may include swelling. The optimal path of liquidity dete More
        Since the process of economic development rests on the five-year program is to develop. Implement these programs require financial resources and liquidity expansion that can to lead to negative economic effects may include swelling. The optimal path of liquidity determining based on the objectives of develop programs. Therefore, the comparison of used this path can help to policy makers. Accordingly, the aim of this paper to forecast optimal path of liquidity during developed fifth. So, Liquidity volume is extracted using the results of simultaneous equations based on the structure of the economy in optimal control theory. In this regard, we tried to estimate the simultaneous equations system by a three-stage least squares method using a time series of variables during the period 3691- 7002,and the optimum amounts to forecast during the period 7002-7032.in end, optimal path of liquidity by used liquidity growth rate based on development plans goal.   Manuscript profile
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        286 - هزینه رفاه شوک های خارجی و قاعده بهینه سیاستپولی برای اقتصاد ایران
        سجاد برومند تیمور محمدی جمشید پژویان اسداله فرزین وش عباس معمار نژاد
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        287 - بررسی تاثیر سیاست پولی و توسعه مالی بر تراز تجاری کشور ایران
        رویا آل عمران سید علی آل عمران
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        288 - Consequences of the policymaker's reaction to speculative attacks in the foreign exchange market: The role of the quality of political institutions
        Shahram Jafarzadeh Gollo Hossein Abbasinejhad Teymour rahmani Sajjad Barkhordari
        10.30495/fed.2023.698845
        Abstract Monetary policymakers can choose between intervention or non-intervention to defend the national currency against speculative attacks in the foreign exchange market. Given the incomplete information of the central bank about the severity of the attack, it is n More
        Abstract Monetary policymakers can choose between intervention or non-intervention to defend the national currency against speculative attacks in the foreign exchange market. Given the incomplete information of the central bank about the severity of the attack, it is necessary to be aware of the relative consequences of each of the reactions in the unit of economic indicators as a result of each of its possible responses. This study examines these consequences in the unit of changes in GDP and inflation for developing and emerging countries and in the period 1960 to 2018 examines the role of the quality of political institutions between selected countries. The results obtained from the instantaneous reaction functions for GDP and inflation as a result of three possible types of central bank responses including intervention with success, intervention with failure and non-intervention in the foreign exchange market show that in the absence of quality indicators of political institutions Low cost will not face a clear and unequivocal answer. In terms of the quality of political institutions, intervention in the foreign exchange market is preferred in the group of countries with high quality political institutions due to the increasing reputation and credibility of the policies announced by the Independent Central Bank. Findings show that in the group of countries with moderate quality of political institutions, non-intervention of policymakers in the foreign exchange market is associated with increased GDP growth and low inflation and is preferable to intervention in the foreign exchange market. In the group of countries with low quality political institutions, intervention in the foreign exchange market is less risky than non-intervention, and the low-cost response is to defend the national currency. Manuscript profile
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        289 - An Investigation of Monetary PoliciesEffects on Properties Pricing In Iran
        مجید احمد لو
        Abstract This paper investigates monetary policies effects on property pricing for the case of Iran over the period 1369-1392.  For this objective, we apply Co-integration technique and vector error correction model (VECM). We obtain Data set from Iran’s cen More
        Abstract This paper investigates monetary policies effects on property pricing for the case of Iran over the period 1369-1392.  For this objective, we apply Co-integration technique and vector error correction model (VECM). We obtain Data set from Iran’s central bank time series database. The results of this study showed that there is a short-run and long run relationship from bank credit and a long-run relationship from liquidity and inflation to physical property prices. In addition, there is a short-run and long run relationship from inflation and a long-run relationship from liquidity and banks short-run profit rate to financial property prices. These results suggest that monetary effects on especially financial property prices appear with time lag.   Manuscript profile
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        290 - Presentation of Smart Money Model in Iranian Stock Market Based on Grounded Theory
        خدیجه عیدان ترک زاده فرزین رضایی محسن صیقلی
        10.30495/fed.2021.687922
        The purpose of the present study is to present a smart money model in the Iranian stock market given its conditions and structure, so that all individuals active in the capital market can act more consciously and more professionally.The method based on this theory is ba More
        The purpose of the present study is to present a smart money model in the Iranian stock market given its conditions and structure, so that all individuals active in the capital market can act more consciously and more professionally.The method based on this theory is based on data Which is collected through regular interviews with experts and have been analyzed and its purpose, making a theory that is honest and enlightening in the field under study. The statistical population includes capital market experts and academic experts in the field of finance and investment. The sample consisted of 12 semi-structured interviews with snowball sampling Open, axial and selective coding was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the obtained model includes causal conditions (macroeconomic factors, global market situation, country's political climate, industry and corporate factors), context conditions (laws and regulations issued by the government and organization, trading infrastructure).Intervening Conditions (Legal and Real Investor Behavior, Parallel Markets Behavior), Entering smart money into Iranian stock market. Strategies conditions include (market entry strategy, return strategy) and (micro and macro)  as consequences were defined, which increased liquidity, the value of transactions and to some extent the index are also micro-consequences and at the macro level it leads to the development and expansion of the market. Manuscript profile
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        291 - The Interaction of the Government and Central Bank Behavior in a Leader-Follower Game despite of the Risk Premium
        داود محمودی نیا اطهره زیدآبادی
        Coordination of monetary and fiscal policies is crucial for achieving economic growth in the context of price stability. Therefore, the monetary and fiscal authorities must have the necessary coordination and coordination in implementing their policies in order to achie More
        Coordination of monetary and fiscal policies is crucial for achieving economic growth in the context of price stability. Therefore, the monetary and fiscal authorities must have the necessary coordination and coordination in implementing their policies in order to achieve better results. On the other hand, the game theory is one of the concepts that has many applications in different sciences and fields. Game theory is of particular importance in economics, since it analyzes the interaction of individuals and their decisions. Thus, in the present study, the coordination of monetary and fiscal policies in the long run and its effect on macroeconomic variables are investigated according to a mathematical model. Accordingly, the interaction of monetary and fiscal policies are taken into consideration in the form of differential games with respect to the risk premium. On the other hand, the method of solving the game by Stackelberg game and the mathematical method is to solve the method of optimal control of Pontryagin's principle. In this regard, the results show that the interaction of monetary and fiscal authorities in the fiscal leadership creates better consequences in the society than the monetary leadership so that the fiscal leadership will decreases the government debts further and brings the debts closer to their desired level. On the other hand, if the policy makers consider the longer-term horizons for applying their policies and lead to the reduced risk premium, reduced target budget deficit and the real interest rates by proper policy-making, they can reduce the level of government debt and thereby the society will be in a better situation. Manuscript profile
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        292 - تحلیل حساسیت مبارزه با پولشویی در صنعت بیمه ایران )بر اساس پویایی متغیرهای کنترل عمومی(
        محمد مهدی عزیزی امیری فرامرز خلیقی مریم السادات عسکری محبوبه اعلایی
        Manuscript profile
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        293 - بررسی ارتباط بین عرضه پول و گسترش شعب بانکی
        میر حسین موسوی علی شهابی معصومه نعمت پور
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        294 - تأثیر شوک‎های پایه پولی بر بازده قیمتی سهام شرکت‎های فعال بورسی (رویکرد DSGE)
        میثم کاویانی پرویز سعیدی حسین دیده خانی سید فخر الدین فخر حسینی
        Manuscript profile
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        295 - اثر سیاست پولی بر نرخ ارز در ایران با استفاده از الگوی خود همبسته با وقفه توزیع شده (ARDL)
        سید مجتبی حسین زاده یوسف آباد علی حقیقت
        Manuscript profile
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        296 - برآورد شدت تأثیرگذاری سیاست‌های پولی بر شاخص قیمت سهام در ایران (مطالعه موردی صنایع پتروشیمی فعال در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران)
        احمد علی شکوه مرجان دامن کشیده منیژه هادی نژاد
        Manuscript profile
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        297 - بررسی اثر تحریم بر صنعت بیمه با تأکید بر تورم و مشکلات نقل‌وانتقالات پولی
        اسماء حمزه فاطمه عطاطلب
        Manuscript profile
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        298 - Determining the Desired Level of Monetary Base and the Money Multiplierand the Impact of each on Inflation
        علی اباذری عسکری حمیدرضا حری علیرضا شکیبایی
        10.30495/fed.2021.687873
        In recent decades, numerous studies have been conducted about inflation in developed and developing countries. Although there is a general understanding of the concept of inflation, there is no consensus among economists about its causes. This study, using data from the More
        In recent decades, numerous studies have been conducted about inflation in developed and developing countries. Although there is a general understanding of the concept of inflation, there is no consensus among economists about its causes. This study, using data from the years 1973-2017 is to investigate the role of liquidity growth on inflation in Iran. Liquidity will be discussed from two channels; the monetary base and the money multiplier, which are the components of the society’s money volume and the impact of each of these two factors on inflation is measured, and the favorable and optimal rate will be obtained for the economy of the country. Research methodology and estimation is Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The results show that the monetary base variable has had a positive significant effect on the variable inflation. The money multiplier has had a positive and significant impact on inflation regarding its importance as one of the effective variables in the changes in money volume. Manuscript profile
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        299 - اثر پرداخت های الکترونیکی بر سهم اسکناس و مسکوک از پول در ایران و کشورهای منتخب
        یاور دشتبانی سید شمس الدین حسینی عباس معمارنژاد محسن مهرآرا
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        300 - مطالعه تطبیقی تاثیر آزادی اقتصادی بر کسری بودجه در ایران
        فرزاد هاشمی
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        301 - واکنش شرکت‌های فعال بورسی به تغییرات پولی و ارزی ( مطالعه موردی صنعت پتروشیمی)
        بیژن باصری غلامرضا عباسی محمدرضا مرکباتی
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        302 - اثر ابزارهای پرداخت الکترونیکی بر تقاضای پول در کشورهای در حال توسعه (مطالعه موردی ایران)
        منصوره زوارئیان کچو مثقالی کامبیز هژبر کیانی عباس معمار نژاد
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        303 - اثر ابزارهای پرداخت الکترونیک بر تورم و سرعت گردش پول
        حسین صمصامی نوشین نخودبریز
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        304 - تاثیر توسعه مالی بر کارایی سیاست پولی با لحاظ تراز تجاری: رهیافت الگوی کالمن فیلتر
        ایمان زنگنه بیت اله اکبری مقدم اکبر میرزا پور با با جان
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        305 - ارزیابی ، علل و پیامدهای عمده بحران اقتصادی در ایران
        محسن رضایی
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        306 - نقش پویایی‌های نرخ تورم در سیاست پولی ایران: یک مدل DSGE
        یوسف حیاتی کیومرث سهیلی علیرضا عرفانی
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        307 - نقد نیچه بر سقراط
        مینا طباطبائی محمد جواد صافیان
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        308 - Analysis of populism in eastern Europe ,a study of Vise grad group countries
        mohsen sharif khodaei Mohammadreza Dehshiri Mohammadreza Ghaedi Arsalan Ghorbani Sheykh Neshin
        DOR:20.1001.1.24234974.1399.13.4.5.1
        With collapse of the bipolar system and the end of the cold War, the Central and Eastern European countries who were newly abandoned from the communist system tried to join European Structure. The Counties of Vise grad joined the European Union in the first wave of expa More
        With collapse of the bipolar system and the end of the cold War, the Central and Eastern European countries who were newly abandoned from the communist system tried to join European Structure. The Counties of Vise grad joined the European Union in the first wave of expansion of the European Union in 2004. The global financial crisis 2008 had a profound impact in the economic situation of the people Europe and the reform process in the east of continent faced slowness. Flood of immigrants to Europe affected by Syria Crisis surprised, and central European countries and the nationalist and extremist right parties have strongly resisted. the Brexit and subsequently, the victory of Donald Trump in American`s elections in 2016 has significantly influenced the victory of populism parties in decision-marking centers in Eastern Europe.The main question of this research is how populism phenomenon spread among in vise grad group countries? the research method gathering information through library and research findings shows that populism phenomenon not only split Europe, but also intensified the discourse of Xenophobia and Islamophobia in this region. Manuscript profile
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        309 - Egoism in the US Foreign Policy over Trump’s Tenure; The Results and the Implications
        vahid Noori Seyed Hassan Hosseini
        DOR:20.1001.1.24234974.1398.12.47.6.1
          Abstract: Two years has passed since the day Trump took office; In the course of this period, Washington has shown a turbulent foreign policy. Every new decision on foreign policy along with withdrawal announcement by Trump’s administration astonishes the w More
          Abstract: Two years has passed since the day Trump took office; In the course of this period, Washington has shown a turbulent foreign policy. Every new decision on foreign policy along with withdrawal announcement by Trump’s administration astonishes the world. This process could be described by the term “Unforeseeable” due to its unconventionality. Therefore, this paper aim is to root out the fundamental cause. Then the main question is what are the leading factors in the U.S foreign policy under Trump administration? In response to the point of view, by using the theory of “continuity” and the findings of two personality-characterization studies, assessing foreign policy positions, analyzing how he interacts with foreign policy institutions and its internal developments, it is argued as a hypothesis that psychological traits of Trump has promoted the status of individual factor on other influential resources of American foreign policy, namely, systemic, bureaucratic, social and role factors. “Populist Authoritarianism”, “Narcissism”, "Revengefulness" and” disagreeableness” are the most prominent characteristics of Trump’s personality which lead U.S toward an Egoistic foreign policy. These individual characteristics of Trump outweighs the bureaucratic institutions of foreign policy, hence made the institutions completely in line with the views of the president. Challenging accompanied by withdrawing from international treaties and arrangements can be considered as result; To the extent that, according to some experts, the existing world order and its compounds are at stake. Manuscript profile
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        310 - بررسی کارکرد رسانه نوشتاری در ایجاد و گسترش پوپولیسم در ایران سال 1387 (مطالعه موردی روزنامه‌های اعتماد ملی و کیهان)
        صادق زیبا کلام محمد سلطانی فر انی میرزا خانیان
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        311 - بررسی رابطه انعکاس رسانه ای فوتبال با محبوبیت ان در بین هواداران تیم استقلال و پرسپولیس
        محمد رضا رسولی احسان بیگی
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        312 - Presenting A Model In Liquidity Management Decision Making Based On monetary instruments In Iran.
        omid yonesi gholamreza memarzad tehran
        This paper examines the liquidity management decisions based on the country's monetary instruments. First, the success rate of monetary instruments performance was examined and then in line with the studies and literature discussed, the decisions made in the past ten ye More
        This paper examines the liquidity management decisions based on the country's monetary instruments. First, the success rate of monetary instruments performance was examined and then in line with the studies and literature discussed, the decisions made in the past ten years; beside, type of implementation of this policy based on multi-criteria decision making model SWARA and group decision making model in policy making have been discussed. In next Step, based on the monetary policy indicators that are derived from the research, the effects of monetary instruments are measured. This study is qualitative in terms of research data and Survey data are collected through 60 questionnaires and interviews. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on the views and opinions of the professors in this field. Reliability of results was also confirmed and the results showed that the amount of decisions in executing liquidity management was different and in order to increase the impact of liquidity management on the country's economy and society's welfare, monetary instruments and its priority must be scrutinized. Manuscript profile
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        313 - طراحی مدل ارزیابی ارزش دریافت شده از دیدگاه مشتری
        الهام فریدچهر
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        314 - بررسی تأثیر ابعاد گوناگون هدیه تبلیغاتی برقصد خرید (مورد مطالعه؛ برندهای سامسونگ، اسنوا، اپل و دل)
        مصطفی قاضی زاده ناصر یزدانی مرضیه مصطفایی
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        315 - تأثیر هزینه آموزش و هزینه تبلیغات بانکداری الکترونیکی بر افزایش جذب سپرده های بانکها (مطالعه موردی بانک صادرات استان مازندران )
        فرزانه حیدر پور ابو طالب طهماسبی گتابی
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        316 - The Effect of Governmental Monetary Policy on the Relationship between Auditing of Financial Statements and Corporate Reputation
        محمدرضا پورفخاران قدرت الله طالب نیا حمیدرضا وکیلی فرد فریدون رهنمای رودپشتی
        10.30495/faar.2021.687687
        In the present paper, the role of auditing financial statements in improving the company's business credit in the framework of contract theory has been discussed.The statistical population in this research is all companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. According to More
        In the present paper, the role of auditing financial statements in improving the company's business credit in the framework of contract theory has been discussed.The statistical population in this research is all companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. According to the criteria and systematic deletion, 172 companies have been selected as the sample in this research. The result of testing the research hypotheses shows that the quality of the independent auditor and the quality of the audit of the financial statements improve the company's Commercial Credit, and this relationship is adjusted and curtailed by the contractionary monetary policy of the state. Further findings indicate that the audited opinion is not affected by the company's corporate credibility.   Manuscript profile
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        317 - Investigating Monetary-Banking Sanctions and Related Social Changes in Human Rights Enforcement
        Mohammad Hossain Khademeyan Ali Pour Ghassab Amiri Hassan Soleimani
        10.30495/jscc.2022.692199
        In principle, a sanction in international law means methods in which actions are taken by an injured party or subjects in international law against a government in breach of its obligations until the latter function ceases to continue its violations or adopts a policy t More
        In principle, a sanction in international law means methods in which actions are taken by an injured party or subjects in international law against a government in breach of its obligations until the latter function ceases to continue its violations or adopts a policy that is in line with the policies of the provocative function. The most important type of sanctions in terms of their effectiveness and scope of application in international relations is economic sanctions. Monetary and banking sanctions are also considered part of economic sanctions in international law. But the imposition of sanctions in general and the imposition of monetary and banking sanctions in particular have consequences, including their negative impact on the realization of human rights. The fundamental question, then, is what effect do monetary and banking sanctions have on the enjoyment of the human rights of the citizens of the target country? This research has been done by documentary and library study method. The results show that the use of monetary and banking sanctions against some countries for specific purposes, although it can lead to a change in the behavior of some target states, but due to the restrictions imposed on individuals and subjects of that state and The fundamental violation of some human rights has been followed by the negative reaction of governments, governmental and non-governmental institutions and organizations, and of course the general public and free nations of the world, and has reduced the acceptance of these sanctions. Manuscript profile
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        318 - Analysis of digital currencies from the perspective of jurisprudence and law
        zahra khorsandi kouchesfahani morteza chitsazian
        Digital currencies are one of the topics that needs an accurate evaluation given several complicacies and ambiguities about them. The preset paper is an attempt to elaborate on digital currency to clarify ambiguities about its legal identity. In addition, the status of More
        Digital currencies are one of the topics that needs an accurate evaluation given several complicacies and ambiguities about them. The preset paper is an attempt to elaborate on digital currency to clarify ambiguities about its legal identity. In addition, the status of digital currency in Islamic jurisprudence and Iranian laws was examined. As the results showed, digital currencies are a type of money in virtual space emerged on the Internet ground so that they have a monetary nature. From jurisprudence viewpoint, they are considered as property. At the first glance, digital currencies are highly complicated and ambiguous; while in practice, they have a simple essence. The true nature of digital currencies is lost in the growing debates about their advantages and disadvantages. Given the disadvantages and ambiguities about digital currencies, they may not be confirmed by Islamic religious laws until these ambiguities are resolved. To achieve the true concept of digital currencies and give a legal and jurisprudential account of them, grounded theory and case study approaches were used in this work. The study also gives more efficient approaches to using digital currencies that can solve many of the disadvantages of digital currencies. Keywords: Digital currencies Bitcoin, money, object, property, comparative jurisprudence Manuscript profile
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        319 - Forecasting the Global Gold Price Movement with Marginal Distribution Modeling Approach: An Application of the Copula GARCH Gaussian and t
        Mohammad reza Haddadi Younes Nademi Hamed Farhadi
        Given the importance of gold prices in financial markets and the economic effects of price fluctuations, the trend of gold price changes in the national and global economy has attracted the attention of many researchers and economic analysts. Therefore, the main purpose More
        Given the importance of gold prices in financial markets and the economic effects of price fluctuations, the trend of gold price changes in the national and global economy has attracted the attention of many researchers and economic analysts. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to predict the trend of the global gold price movement. The purpose of this study was to introduce a combined model of the GARCH-Classic and the GARCH-Copula models and to compare them with the Garch family models in order to predict the global gold price trend in the period 01/04/2002 to 26/06/2018. The forecast horizons are 1, 5, 10, and 22 days. The prediction accuracy of these models has been evaluated and compared using RMSE error criterion. Results showed that in short-run prediction horizons, the normal Capula model with GARCH-t distribution and in long run prediction horizon, Capula- t model with the distribution of GARCH-t performs better than competing models. The hybrid model presented in this study has a high potential for predicting the trend of global gold price movement, so using this model for different sector investors, economic analysts, as well as country macro planners, can have valuable results. Manuscript profile
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        320 - Examine the relationship between financial markets and Housing market
        Shahram Vahedi farhad hanifi mirfeiz fallah seyyedjalal sadeghisharif
        The analysis of the turbulence among markets has been widely applied and in details the emphasis on theorists and researchers in different fields. The reciprocal relationship between financial markets and the macroeconomic markets is based on the idea, which has negativ More
        The analysis of the turbulence among markets has been widely applied and in details the emphasis on theorists and researchers in different fields. The reciprocal relationship between financial markets and the macroeconomic markets is based on the idea, which has negative shocks to the economy of the housing sector. The behavior of the housing market is also important because of the impact of housing prices on bank loans and other financial institutions. In the housing sector, a monetary and monetary policy is expected to increase demand for housing by increasing the volume of money in the asset portfolio. Of course, this will depend on a variety of issues. Therefore, the need for further reflection seems necessary in this part. In this study, using the time series analysis of vector regression (VAR), the relationship between financial and financial markets has been investigated. The results of the study show that financial markets, especially foreign exchange markets and gold markets have a significant relationship with housing. Manuscript profile
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        321 - Dependence structure and portfolio risk in Iran exchange market by using GARCH-EVT-Copula method
        Farhad Ghaffari sahar fathi
        Abstract In this research, the GARCH-EVT-COPULA method is investigated to determine the dependency structure and portfolio risk estimation on the foreign exchange market data in Iran. GARCH-EVT models are used to mariginal distribution of each of four currency returns s More
        Abstract In this research, the GARCH-EVT-COPULA method is investigated to determine the dependency structure and portfolio risk estimation on the foreign exchange market data in Iran. GARCH-EVT models are used to mariginal distribution of each of four currency returns series. For the joint model, we choose five copuls with different dependence structure such as Frank, Clayton, Gumble, Normal and t-Student copulas. In this research portfolio risk is measured using VaR and CVaR.The statistical sample of this study is the daily exchange rate of USD,EURO, Pound and AED for the free market with 5 working days from September to the end of 1396.Based on the results of the research, using the Akaike information criterion values, the t-student function is the best fitted copula model for investigating the dependency structure.Exchange rates have the same upper and lower tail dependencies. Accordingly, in the markets for boom (severe positive) and stagnation (severe negative), the dependence between the two exchange rates is the same. Manuscript profile
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        322 - Risk modeling of financing structure according to probabilistic decision theory through ANP
        Hamidreza Iravani Hamidreza Kordlouie Freydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Narges Yazdanian
        Different types of risks threaten financial and credit institutions. Therefore, managers of organizations must identify and manage the existing risks. The risk that directly affects the profitability of financial and credit institutions is called financial risk. Financi More
        Different types of risks threaten financial and credit institutions. Therefore, managers of organizations must identify and manage the existing risks. The risk that directly affects the profitability of financial and credit institutions is called financial risk. Financial risks include: balance sheet structure risks, income and profitability structure, capital adequacy, credit risk, liquidity risk, interest rate risk, market risk and exchange rate risk. Banking industry is one of the most sifnificant and critical section of economics which faces many sorts of risk. Financial structur risk is the most threating one that in case of non centrolling will lead to bankruptcy . the purpose of study is modeling risk in compaliance with finance structure in money market based of probabilistic decition theory. The populational of the research is experts and bank fanciancial statements after reviewing the literature all the aspects of risks and also financial ratios are being identifined. After gathering data ANP techinques are being app;ied . resuls show that the srquence of risks are, market , credit, liquidity, capital. The significance of risks are as follow: credit, capital, liquidity, income disturbution, market and systematic. Manuscript profile
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        323 - The assessment of extreme value theory and Copula - Garch models in prediction of value at risk and the expected short fall in portfolio Investment Company in Tehran stock exchange.
        ali alizadeh Mirfeiz Fallah
        The present study has endeavored to represent a more precise model to calculate the risk of banks in this study by ARIMA-GARCH-COPULA Model has been introduced.In obtaining the iid distributions and variance estimation the mean model and conditional variance have been d More
        The present study has endeavored to represent a more precise model to calculate the risk of banks in this study by ARIMA-GARCH-COPULA Model has been introduced.In obtaining the iid distributions and variance estimation the mean model and conditional variance have been determined and estimated simultaneously.In so doing, the ARIMA methodology has been employed to model the average return on assets of the study, and for modeling the research conditional variance of GARCH have been applied. Also mean error criterion has been used to compare the different models of VAR estimation, and for the purpose of testing statistical results backtesting methods have been employed. Based on mean error criterion, the proposed model of the study at hand has demonstrated the most accuracy The GEV model derived from the EVT has been ranked second The output of the Dow ranking method, however, has been very similar to one another According to Dow ranking method, the GEV model has had the lowest loss function at 5% level of significance, and at 1% level of significance, the HS model has demonstrated the least loss function. ES calculations have also been carried out for the four models with ARIMA-GARCH-COPULA model showing the least loss. Manuscript profile
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        324 - The Analysis and Test of Spillover and Volatility Models in Tehran Stock Exchange (based on Copula family model)
        Mahsa Banakar Hashem Nikoomaram Hasan Ghalibaf Asl Mehrzad Minouei
        The present research examines the Financial Contagion or Volatility Spillover by financial assets such as exchange rates, gold and global variables on the stock market index. The correlation and Contagion between variables of global prices of gold, oil, and the dollar e More
        The present research examines the Financial Contagion or Volatility Spillover by financial assets such as exchange rates, gold and global variables on the stock market index. The correlation and Contagion between variables of global prices of gold, oil, and the dollar exchange rate on the index of 8 selected Tehran stock exchange industries over a period of 10 years (2008-2018) was examined. Method of the research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-descriptive in terms of the nature. To test the research hypotheses using econometric approach based on Copula models, programming was performed in MATLAB software. The results of the show that the effects of volatility spillover of these variables on the index of selected industries are significant but different. The different models of the Copula method show that the Clayton and Gumbel models are most suitable for transmitting spillover effects in the upper and lower distribution of the range. The t-student model is in the next rank. In other words, the overflow effects of macro variables mostly affect one of the high (positive return) and low (negative return) domains, which indicates the existence of asymmetric effects on the return behavior of the selected industries of the stock exchange. Manuscript profile
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        325 - Designing a Model for Explaining the Effect of Macroeconomic Policies on Money and Capital Markets
        Souzan Hossienzadeh Gholamreza Zomorodian Ebrahim Chirani
        Macroeconomic policies are an important tool for governments to achieve financial commitments andtheir social and economic goals. Macroeconomic policies have different types and their implementationcan effects different markets in various ways which can cause change and More
        Macroeconomic policies are an important tool for governments to achieve financial commitments andtheir social and economic goals. Macroeconomic policies have different types and their implementationcan effects different markets in various ways which can cause change and turbulence in them. With thisapproach, in the present study by using the Bayesian Causal Map (BCM) and seemingly unrelatedregression equations (SURE) model, a model is designed to explain the effect of macroeconomic policieson money and capital markets. It should be noted that the time period of the present study was 1989 to2019. The results of the present study showed that money and capital markets are affected by variablesand policies applied in different markets in both direct and indirect ways. If the amount of savings in thesociety changes as a result of government policies or other economic and non-economic components,the facilities granted by the banking system will change as well. This directly affects the money market.Given that changes in the money market affect the capital market, the capital market is also affected bychanges made in the money market. At the same time, changes in the money market also affect othermacroeconomic variables such as................ Manuscript profile
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        326 - Investigating the Dynamic relations between the Trend of Tehran Stock Exchange’s index and the Cumulative Funds' Cash Flow".
        mirfeiz fallah Amirhosseyn shamaeezadeh
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the net cash flows of the Tehran Stock Exchange funds and the Tehran Stock Exchange index during the period of 2013 to December 2019, using the information of the 10 largest active mutual funds establi More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the net cash flows of the Tehran Stock Exchange funds and the Tehran Stock Exchange index during the period of 2013 to December 2019, using the information of the 10 largest active mutual funds established and active in the Tehran Stock Exchange during this period. .In this study, an index of net cash flows into mutual funds daily and cumulatively is considered as a measure of cash flow compared to the TSE Index (TEDPIX). The results of this test indicate that the two indices are coherent in series and their relationships are significant in the long run. Also, the Granger causality test was used to examine the interrelationships between these two indices.The results of this test showed that there is an interaction between the two indices. This means that in the long run, both indices affect each other so net cash inflows to the funds can be a measure for predicting the overall indices trend but with Attention to the behavioral errors identified in similar articles.for predicting the index cannot be relied solely on net cash inflows into the funds. Manuscript profile
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        327 - Applying multivariate DCC-FIAPARCH model in examination of dynamic conditional correlation between monetary and financial markets in Iran
        Mehrdad Dadmehr Hashem Nikoumaram Mir Feyz Fallah
        Abstract:In this study, we examined Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) between important monetary and financial markets of Iran using multivariate DCC-FIAPARCH model and daily market returns during eleven years, (from 2007(1386) to 2018(1396)), and The existence of h More
        Abstract:In this study, we examined Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) between important monetary and financial markets of Iran using multivariate DCC-FIAPARCH model and daily market returns during eleven years, (from 2007(1386) to 2018(1396)), and The existence of hidden characteristics in financial data, i.e. the ability to record long-term memory in data, power or conversion power (unconditional variance to conditional variance due to the addition of observation to the time series) and asymmetry of market reaction to good and bad news have been studied. The results show that OPEC oil market fluctuations haven't effect on the domestic markets of Iran, very high and importance dynamic conditional correlation between the coin market (gold) and exchange rate, the existence of leverage, power and long-term memory with strong ARCH/GARCH characteristics. We also found that market data have clustering characteristics and the assumption of t-student distribution is more appropriate than normal distribution for market return distributions. Manuscript profile
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        328 - Evaluating the effectiveness of financial therapy on financial literacy, personal financial management and money management, to fuzzy logic
        najmeh tavakoli Zaniyani Masoud taherinia Daruosh Jalali Ebrahim Givaki
        The commitment and acceptance financial therapy helps individual to by teaching them financial skills along with changes in monetary beliefs and financial behaviors. to have an overview of his/her own set of decisions and reduce the effect of mental errors on financial More
        The commitment and acceptance financial therapy helps individual to by teaching them financial skills along with changes in monetary beliefs and financial behaviors. to have an overview of his/her own set of decisions and reduce the effect of mental errors on financial decisions.This is a practical and quasi-experimental study. The statistical population of the study was 20 bazaars in Shahrekord in 2020 who underwent training and interventions related to financial therapy based on acceptance and commitment in 10 sessions of 120minutes and completed the research questionnaires before and after training. In order to analyze the data in the traditional way, SPSS25 statistical software and Matlab software were used for fuzzy data analysis. The results show that financial therapy based on the approach of acceptance and commitment to increase financial literacy, improve money management And personal financial management are effective in both quantitatively and qualitatively.Another result of this study is more accurate measurement of fuzzy model for evaluating the effectiveness of financial therapy based on acceptance and commitment than the traditional evaluation method. Manuscript profile
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        329 - Modeling the latent Volatilities of the stock exchange index using the copula-stochastic Volatility model
        Saeed Shahriyari Peyman Iman zadeh mehdi khoshnood
        In this study, a hybrid copula-stochastic volatility model based on Monte-Carlo Markov chain is developed to evaluate the latent volatilities of the TSE Index. The data used to estimate the models include the values of the total index of the TSE from the beginning of 20 More
        In this study, a hybrid copula-stochastic volatility model based on Monte-Carlo Markov chain is developed to evaluate the latent volatilities of the TSE Index. The data used to estimate the models include the values of the total index of the TSE from the beginning of 2020 to the beginning of 2021 on a daily basis with a frequency of 30 minutes. Also, in order to determine the error, data from the date (03/27/2021) to (12/21/2021) has been used in 15-minute intervals. the square logarithm distribution of returns as a measure of realized volatilities is first simulated using a stochastic volatility model to obtain latent volatilities and then using a mixture of copula family distributions and the MCMC, modeling and estimation were performed in the training phase and finally in the test phase using out-of-sample data to estimate the stochastic volatility of the test phase was investigated. The results show that among the functions of Copula Gumble, Galambos, Joe, Clayton and Frank in the test phase, 3 Copula Gumble, Galambos, Joe have acceptable performance and among these functions, the Gumble-Stochastic Volatility based on MCMC with the lowest error rate among the out-sample data recorded better performance. Manuscript profile
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        330 - Testing of Reciprocal Transfer of Bubble in Stock Exchange, Currency and Gold Markets (A case study: in Iran Using Copula Functions)
        Yagoob Zahedi nader rezaei vadoud Najjari
        The main goal of this research is to investigate the formation and spread of bubbles in the financial markets of the stock exchange, currency and gold markets using semi-experimental studies, considering that previous studies in this field mostly study the effect of vol More
        The main goal of this research is to investigate the formation and spread of bubbles in the financial markets of the stock exchange, currency and gold markets using semi-experimental studies, considering that previous studies in this field mostly study the effect of volatility transmission or the effect of the return of one asset on the return of another market. Therefore, no study has been done in this field or it is limited; In this study, the data was collected in the period from 1389 to 1400 and was analyzed by descriptive and econometric statistical methods. The results of the analysis of the right-sequence unit root test show the existence of bubbles in all three markets under study. It shows the results of the analysis of vector auto-regression tests and copula (joint) functions. The structure of dependence between the three financial markets is quite dynamic and this dependence is greater when the market is in a developing situation than in a recession. Also, the sequential dependence between the gold coin and the exchange rate is much stronger than the dependence between the stock market and gold. Manuscript profile
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        331 - Performance Comparison of tcopula GARCH-LVaR with GARCH-VaR To optimize the portfolio in the Tehran Stock Exchange
        Gholam Reza Taghizadegan , Gholamreza Zomorodian rasoul saadi, mirfeyz Fallah
        The aim of this research is to compare the performance of the value-at-risk model with the liquidity-t-copula approach with dynamic conditional correlation (t-copula-GARCH-LVaR) with the value-at-risk (VaR) model to optimize the portfolio in the Tehran Stock Exchange. I More
        The aim of this research is to compare the performance of the value-at-risk model with the liquidity-t-copula approach with dynamic conditional correlation (t-copula-GARCH-LVaR) with the value-at-risk (VaR) model to optimize the portfolio in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In the current research, in order to test the desired hypotheses, the period is between 2001 and 2021. All the variables used in this research on a quantitative scale and observations in the form of time series are the daily logarithmic returns of 40 stock market indices, including 39 industry indices and one index of fixed-income bonds from the beginning of September 2011 to the end of July 2021. In this research, to perform the final analysis, all the calculations required for this research were done using the open-source software R 4.2.1. Our results showed that the t-copula-GARCH-LVaR optimization model performs better according to the Sharpe criterion based on Mann–Whitney U test at the 95% test level. Manuscript profile
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        332 - Predicting cash holdings using supervised machine learning algorithms in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)
        Saeid Fallahpour Reza Raei Negar Tavakoli
        According to the 22 selected features (which are checked during the research) with machine learning methods, this study predicts the cash holding of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. 201 companies were investigated from 1396 to 1400. Multiple linear regre More
        According to the 22 selected features (which are checked during the research) with machine learning methods, this study predicts the cash holding of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. 201 companies were investigated from 1396 to 1400. Multiple linear regression, K-nearest neighbor, support vector regression, decision tree, random forest, extreme gradient boosting algorithm and multilayer neural networks are used for prediction. The results show that the multiple linear regression methods provide the k-nearest neighbor of the root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE) of the high error. Meanwhile, more complex algorithms, especially support vector regression, achieve higher accuracy; The findings indicated that by reducing to 15 variables, machine learning methods, especially K-nearest neighbor, provided better results. Based on the paired sample t-test, support vector regression has a better performance than other supervised machine learning algorithms except decision tree. Also, the most important variables were company size and capital expenditures (CapEx). The World Uncertainty Index and inflation were also relatively important variables; Therefore, by using the support vector regression algorithm, we may predict the amount of cash to a significant extent. Manuscript profile
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        333 - Presenting the Central Bank's Cryptocurrency Release Model using Distributed Ledger Technology
        Mohammad Reza Mani Yekta mahnaz rabiei Seyed Alireza Derakhshan
        Central Bank Cryptocurrency (CBDC) is a semi-decentralized solution based on DLT. This money is issued electronically by central banks to facilitate payments without intermediaries. this research aims to model CBDC and is conducted with a mixed approach (qualitative and More
        Central Bank Cryptocurrency (CBDC) is a semi-decentralized solution based on DLT. This money is issued electronically by central banks to facilitate payments without intermediaries. this research aims to model CBDC and is conducted with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative methods). In the qualitative part, a conceptual model was designed by asking the opinions of 20 experts through an open questionnaire and a coding approach was tested by a sample of 102, banking and payment experts. In the quantitative part, the reliability and validity features of the questionnaires were investigated, and in the structural part, the model coefficients were evaluated to check the research hypotheses. The results of this research, while determining many factors affecting the circulation of the central bank's currency, confirm that the circulation of money is the basis for the social acceptance of this phenomenon and emphasizes the necessity of its precise policy. Some background and intervening factors are also identified in the model. On the other hand, the consequences of publishing cryptocurrency in this model are influencing monetary policy, other businesses, banks, and some other micro and macro factors. Manuscript profile
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        334 - بررسی روابط حجم بازده در بازده ایران با استفاده از توابع کاپولا و در شرایط بحرانی
        رسول سجاد محسن نوروزی
        Manuscript profile
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        335 - بررسی تاثیر نوسانات نرخ سود در بازار پول برتصمیم گیری سرمایه گذاران و عملکرد بازار سرمایه
        حسین صفرزاده مهدیه جلالی نژاد
        Manuscript profile
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        336 - The Effect of Monetary Policies on the Performance of Business Firms Using the Pyotroxic Index and Using the GMM Dynamic Data Panel
        azam Mohammadzadeh
        Today the importance of evaluating performance and factors affecting corporate performance is one of the most important areas of the financial Economics So that research has been done on this. In this regard, the main purpose of this research is to examine the factors a More
        Today the importance of evaluating performance and factors affecting corporate performance is one of the most important areas of the financial Economics So that research has been done on this. In this regard, the main purpose of this research is to examine the factors affecting the performance of Bourse companies with an emphasis on monetary policy. Contrary to previous research that for corporate performance has been captured only an indicator such as profit or income In this research, FPT Comprehensive Index has been used to measure the performance of companies. The data used in this research is annual data for the period from 1385 (2006) to 1392 (2013) and for 94 companies admitted to the stock exchange. And monetary policy instruments include the growth rate of banks' loan facilities, liquidity growth rates, and legal deposit rates. The results of model estimation using GMM dynamic data panel show that there is a Significance relationship between monetary variables and firm performance. With the increase in bank facilities and the increase in liquidity, the Piotroski F-Score index is also increasing which reflects an increase and improvement in the company's performance. Therefore, given the direct impact of monetary policies on corporate performance indicators, policymakers should be more careful about acting any other policy. Manuscript profile
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        337 - Modeling The Dependency Of Stock Price Carsh With Approach On The Conditional Copula -Garch Function And Its Relationship With The Rational Stock Pricing Structure
        Vali Khodadadi Soheila Lashgarara Esmaeil Mazaheri Mohammad Ayati Mehr
        DOI: 10.30495/JDAA.1403.1079813
        The current research has been done with the aim of modeling the dependence of stock price carsh with emphasis on the conditional Copula-Garch function and its relationship with price bubbles based on the rational stock pricing structure in the Iranian capital market. In More
        The current research has been done with the aim of modeling the dependence of stock price carsh with emphasis on the conditional Copula-Garch function and its relationship with price bubbles based on the rational stock pricing structure in the Iranian capital market. In order to investigate and analyze the research questions, the data related to 30 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 2010 to 2021 were extracted and used to test the research questions. In this research, first, the variable of price bubbles was estimated and extracted by estimating of the capital assets pricing models.Then, in order to model the correlation structure and stock return fluctuations of the sample companies, the multivariate GARCH model of dynamic conditional correlation approach with copula distribution was used. In the following, using the modeling output, the value at risk was calculated as a criterion for assessing the fall in stock prices. The results of the research showed that there is no significant relationship between stock price falls and bubbles based on the rational stock pricing structure. In other words, in the environmental conditions of our country, the condition of falling stock prices in line with the formed price bubbles is not based on rational stock pricing. Manuscript profile
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        338 - The Impact of Accounting Information Quality and Monetary Policy on Bankruptcy Prediction
        Mohammad Hossein Setyesh milad rahimi
        10.30495/jdaa.2023.699866
        AbstractThis study has investigated the effect of the accounting information quality and monetary policy on bankruptcy prediction. For this purpose, a sample of 135 companies was selected from the admitted companies in the stock exchange. In order to collect the needed More
        AbstractThis study has investigated the effect of the accounting information quality and monetary policy on bankruptcy prediction. For this purpose, a sample of 135 companies was selected from the admitted companies in the stock exchange. In order to collect the needed data to calculate variables in the research, Rahvardnovin database, Tehran Stock Exchange Organization database and Central Bank database were used. Eviews software and fixed effects panel data regression model have been used to analyze the collected data. This study is useful for financial analysts, managers, accountants and policy makers in order to evaluate the financial position and predict financial bankruptcy of companies. The results of the hypothesis test show that all three hypotheses are not rejected and indicate that the accounting information quality in interaction with monetary policy has a positive and significant effect on bankruptcy prediction. The estimated coefficient of the accounting information quality in the interaction with monetary policy on predicting premature bankruptcy is lower than the coefficients of the variables accounting information quality and monetary policy on predicting premature bankruptcy, and this shows that the interaction of the accounting information quality and monetary policy has a moderating role on It has predicted premature bankruptcy. Manuscript profile
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        339 - فناوری بیت کوین یافناوری ژول؟
        نورالله صالحی
        . اما نکته اینجاست که این ایده بر مبنای اصول علم اقتصاد پیاده سازی و اجرا نشده است. البته ایده ی حذف نقش بانک مرکزی از عرضه ی پول صحیح است.زیرا ترازنامه بانک مرکزی نماد کنز پول است(دارایی های بانک مرکزی). در نتیجه لازم است فناوری و علم پول مجددا بر اساس اصول علم اقتصاد More
        . اما نکته اینجاست که این ایده بر مبنای اصول علم اقتصاد پیاده سازی و اجرا نشده است. البته ایده ی حذف نقش بانک مرکزی از عرضه ی پول صحیح است.زیرا ترازنامه بانک مرکزی نماد کنز پول است(دارایی های بانک مرکزی). در نتیجه لازم است فناوری و علم پول مجددا بر اساس اصول علم اقتصاد تبیین شود. مهمترین نکته در فناوری پول ایجاد واحد ثابت پولی در طی زمان است. به عبارتی فناوری پول و فناوری واحد پولی متفاوت هستند. فناوری بیت کوین، فناوری واحد پولی است. به طوری که برای حفظ ارزش بیت کوین یک منبع ۲۱ میلیون واحد وجود دارد. به‌محض این که کار استخراج همه آنها به پایان برسد، هیچ واحد بیت کوین جدیدی به این شبکه اضافه نخواهد شد. به طوری که می توان بیان نمود، بیت کوین:اطلاعاتی است که ارزش اقتصادی دارد. در نتیجه ارزش این واحد پولی در طی زمان تغییر می کند.لکن پول در علم اقتصاد ارزش حقوقی دارد. نکته ی انحرافی بیت کوین همین موضوع می باشد.زیرا در علم اقتصاد می توان بیان نمود، پول:اطلاعاتی است که ارزش حقوقی دارد. نکته ی ظریف دیگری که لازم است در فناوری واحد پولی در علم اقتصاد به آن توجه نمود این است که واحد پولی نسبت به کالاها مالکیت دارد. از همین نکته لزوم تعریف حقوق مالکیت برای پول روشن می گردد.البته عاملین اقتصادی در فرایند مبادله نسبت ظ می شود. Manuscript profile
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        340 - The effect of Expansionary Monetary Policies on Corruption in Iran
        Afshin Baghfalaki Ali Falahati
        Corruption is one of the main realities for oil countries and especially for Iran's economy.. Based on this, many studies and researches have been conducted in relation to investigating factors affecting corruption in different countries. The present study investigates More
        Corruption is one of the main realities for oil countries and especially for Iran's economy.. Based on this, many studies and researches have been conducted in relation to investigating factors affecting corruption in different countries. The present study investigates the long-term and short-term effects of expansionary monetary policy on corruption by using the statistical evidence of Iran's economy for the period of 2015-2018 and applying the ARDL econometric approach. The results of the estimates show that the ratio of liquidity to GDP has increased corruption due to the creation of rent in the economy, but the favorable quality of institutions can improve the effective direction of liquidity towards activities with higher added value, causing a positive effect of liquidity on the reduction be corruption In fact, what can be said about the relationship between liquidity and corruption is the incorrect direction of money towards activities without added value and rent, which has caused an increase in corruption in the economy. Also, the estimates show that the increase in the size of the government has caused an increase in corruption due to its nature, inflation has caused an increase in corruption due to economic instability, And finally, human capital has reduced corruption due to the increase in labor productivity and the increase in the level of social class of people., and it requires a long-term plan to fight corruption, and short-term policies cannot be considered as a desirable solution. Manuscript profile
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        341 - Analysis of the impact of monetary policy on the distribution of real income in Iran's economy
        fojan tadayon H. Sharifi-Renani
        One of the main goals of government policies in any economic system is to improve income distribution.On the other hand, the type of policy and monetary policy tools used by the Islamic government should be in line with the direction of the society towards a balance in More
        One of the main goals of government policies in any economic system is to improve income distribution.On the other hand, the type of policy and monetary policy tools used by the Islamic government should be in line with the direction of the society towards a balance in the level of living, income and wealth.In this research, in order to investigate the impact of monetary policy on the income distribution of Iran, the ARDL method and the latest available data during the period of 1401-1379 have been used.The results of the estimates showed that the improvement in the income distribution index in Iran's economy is a long-term process And expansionary monetary policies in Iran during the studied period led to inequality in the income distribution index.On the other hand, the results show that the expansionary monetary policy has less effect on the economy in the short term, but in the long term, this effect becomes larger and reduces income equality to a greater extent. Also, the increase in economic growth caused an increase in the distribution index, which was caused by high inflation in this period in Iran's economy. Manuscript profile
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        342 - Analyzing the Role of Central Bank Monetary Policies in National Economy
        Y. Dadgar R. Nazari
        Different countries apply two means including financial policy that is accessible for government and monetary policies that are at disposal of the Central Bank to regulate the economy and its balance. The Central Bank is designer of the monetary policies in each country More
        Different countries apply two means including financial policy that is accessible for government and monetary policies that are at disposal of the Central Bank to regulate the economy and its balance. The Central Bank is designer of the monetary policies in each country; of course, its successful performance is related to the consistent implementation with the financial policies of government. Assuming the existence of enough independence of the Central Bank, the monetary policies play a very impressive role on improving the national economy and achieving the economic development in today's world. This is why adherents of the monetary policies (monetarists) are considered among the most prominent scholars of the economy. On the other hand, monetary policies are under special attention of policy-makers due to short-term internal interruption as well. The approval of monetary policies does not require to a lot bureaucracy and thus is interested and accepted by economic policy-makers, but it is sometimes unexpected and unintended in addition to its impact on economic variables. To apply a successful monetary policy, it is necessary that the monetary authorities properly evaluate the time and the effect of these policies on economic variables. Turbulence of monetary and currency system has become a great problem for Iran’s economy in the past decade. High liquidity and its disproportion to monetary and production needs of the country, as well as its composition changes, inflation, and lack of control over the currency market reduce the efficiency of the Central Bank, and it is necessary that the independence of Central Bank to be seriously considered. Thus in this research, the variables of gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, liquidity, oil prices, and government expenditures have been used within an economic model by using the VECM method and quarterly data for the period from 2000:2 to 2012:1. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of monetary policies (taking into consideration the conditions of oil economy) on Iran's gross domestic product (GDP) and analyze the Central Bank policies in the last decade particularly period from 2000:2 to 2012:1. In this article, the process of gross domestic product (GDP) has been considered as representative of the national economy. The results show that monetary policy despite the different fluctuations has no a significant effect on national production in comparison to financial policy Manuscript profile
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        343 - Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach
        H. Asghar Pour Zeinab Jammeh Shoorani
        The main propose of this research is the survey of affecting globalization on tax revenue in Iran by Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. So other variables such as real per capita income (as an indicator of economic development), degree of urbanization, the More
        The main propose of this research is the survey of affecting globalization on tax revenue in Iran by Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. So other variables such as real per capita income (as an indicator of economic development), degree of urbanization, the share of agriculture in gross domestic product, dependency ratio (as an index of social and economic structure) and exchange rate, effects on tax revenue have been investigated. Stationary test of variables in the model is shown based on adjusted Dickey – Fuller. For the results of this test, the time series used in this model are characteristics I(0) and I(1). In this study, the pattern Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and the method of least squares for first or more order differencing is used. Dynamic model estimation results indicate a tendency towards long run equilibrium model. Additionally, globalization has positive effect on the proportion of total tax and the tax on trade in GDP Manuscript profile
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        344 - Analysis of the Effects of Monetary financial Policy Shocks on Formation of Trade Cycles and Ineome Distribution in Iran.
        H. Parsa M. Behboodi A. Parsa
        In this research it is dealt. with the importance of the effects of monetary and financial policy  shocks on formation of trade cycle and income distribution in Iran. Annual time Series data of 1973 to 2007 and Hadrick –Prescott technique bot the analysis wer More
        In this research it is dealt. with the importance of the effects of monetary and financial policy  shocks on formation of trade cycle and income distribution in Iran. Annual time Series data of 1973 to 2007 and Hadrick –Prescott technique bot the analysis were employed. The results showed that trade cycles in Iran responded to both monetary and financial policies. However the effects eves more of financial shocks and less of monetary ones. The monetary effects faded out after one or two cycles Monetary shocks did not have negative effect on income distribution in  Iran. However the financial shocks increased the Gini ratio and Worseneded the income distribution. Other findings show that both. Monetary and financial shocks increased inflation, that in turn increased the Gini ratio, that is worsened the income distribution Manuscript profile
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        345 - Managers' money beliefs and financing attitudes
        Ali Beidaghi Mohammad Reza Vatanparast Mehrdad Sadr Ara
        10.30495/afi.2022.700308
        Purpose: According to behavioral studies, the decision-making and behavior of company managers are among the factors affecting the type of their attitude toward various issues. This study aims to study the relationship between managers' money beliefs to their financing More
        Purpose: According to behavioral studies, the decision-making and behavior of company managers are among the factors affecting the type of their attitude toward various issues. This study aims to study the relationship between managers' money beliefs to their financing tendencies (internal or external).Methodology: In this study, data were collected through a questionnaire and the convenient sampling method. The study population is CEOs or financial managers of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in 2021. The study sample size (n = 183) was determined using the Morgan table, and 159 usable answer sheets were received.Findings: The results of the statistical analysis of data did not show a significant relationship between money avoidance beliefs and financing attitudes. In addition, the money vigilance belief had a positive relationship with the tendency to finance through retained earnings, stock issuance, and borrowing. Money status belief had a positive association with the external financing attitude (borrowing and stock). The money worship belief was positively related to the financing attitude through retained earnings and the issuance of shares.Originality / Value: Since managers' money beliefs can affect their behavior, this issue has not been the focus of previous research. The results of this research can be effective in improving decision-making. Also, the results of this research expand the literature in the field of financing. Companies can pay attention to the money beliefs of managers to reduce the conflict of interests between shareholders and managers by predicting their financing policies and considering the company's development policies. Manuscript profile
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        346 - The effect of calcium on corrosion behavior of biodegradable Mg-5Zn-1Y Alloy
        Fereshteh Dostmohamadi Hasan Jafari
        Today, magnesium alloys as the new generation of biodegradable alloys, have attracted the attention of many researchers. In this research, the corrosion behavior of cast Mg-5Zn-1Y containing different amounts of calcium (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 weight percentage) was investig More
        Today, magnesium alloys as the new generation of biodegradable alloys, have attracted the attention of many researchers. In this research, the corrosion behavior of cast Mg-5Zn-1Y containing different amounts of calcium (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 weight percentage) was investigated. The microstructure of the alloys was analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopes, and the corresponding phases were detected by X-ray diffraction. Corrosion behavior of cast alloys was measured using electrochemical polarization and immersion tests. Metallography analysis revealed that microstructure of the Mg-5Zn-1Y alloy includes α-Mg matrix and Mg3YZn6 lamellar phase formed at the grain boundary. The addition of calcium to the alloy refined the grains and resulted in the formation of continuous Ca2Mg6Zn3 at grain boundaries. No passive zone was detected in polarization curves, meaning domination of active polarization, indicating increased corrosion rate due to grain refinement which can be attributed to calcium addition in the alloy. The polarization and immersion tests results confirmed that the alloy Mg-5Zn-1Y-0.1Ca has the lowest corrosion rates among the investigated alloys, and the more the calcium content, the higher the corrosion rate due to the formation of cathodic Ca2Mg6Zn3 phase. Manuscript profile
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        347 - The Comparative of Combined Oral Contraceptives and Combine Injectable Contraceptives on Cycle Control
        خاطره صفوی نائینی فرحناز زندی
        Hormonal contraceptives are currently available in oral, injectable, transdermal patch and transvaginal-ring forms. Combination oral contraceptives (COCs) are the most frequently used method of hormonal contraception and an almost bewildering variety that are available. More
        Hormonal contraceptives are currently available in oral, injectable, transdermal patch and transvaginal-ring forms. Combination oral contraceptives (COCs) are the most frequently used method of hormonal contraception and an almost bewildering variety that are available. A onceandndash;a-month injectable contraception was briefly available. Monthly withdrawal bleeding is similar to a normal menses, leading to high continuation rates despite the need for a monthly injection.This presentstudy is a clinical trial due to aim. Overall; women in need of contraception were recruited after signing an informed consent form in Shiraz health clinics. Women who were with the same partner throughout the study period were randomized to one of 2 treatment groups. We were collected data by questionnaire through personal interview, observation and measurements with 97 women for 4 months. Statistical analyses were performed on both groups. Data were collected and analyzed descriptive, independent T test and chi square by SPSS software. Our findings revealed that both drugs had the capacity to decrease length of menstrual bleeding, where as there is no significant difference between two groups. Both drugs had the capacity to decrease amount of bleeding, whereas there is no significant difference between two groups. . Both drugs had the capacity to decrease dysmenorhea, where as there is no significant difference between two groups. There is no finding significant increase in spotting or breakthrough bleeding and amenorrhea in both groups.In conclusion, the present study showed that cyclofem is a valid contraceptive method to ensure optimal cycle control with low hormonal doses monthly administration and good cycle control make this contraceptive an alternative to combined oral contraceptives, avoiding the necessity of taking medication on daily basis. Manuscript profile
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        348 - Involvement of ventral tegmental area muscarinic and NMDA receptors on memory retrieval in passive avoidance task
        گلاویز محمودی مرتضی پیری علی پورمتعبد صبریه امینی
        Behavioural studies have suggested interactions between cholinergic and glutamatergic systems. In the present study, the effect of intra-VTA pretest administration of a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist, scopolamine, glutamatergic drugs and their interact More
        Behavioural studies have suggested interactions between cholinergic and glutamatergic systems. In the present study, the effect of intra-VTA pretest administration of a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist, scopolamine, glutamatergic drugs and their interaction on inhibitory avoidance response was investigated.Rats were anesthetized with intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride, plus xylazine and then placed in a stereotaxic apparatus. Also, two stainless-steel cannuale were placed in the ventral tegmental area. A step-through inhibitory avoidance task was used for memory assessment in male Wistar rats. The drug injected 5 min before testing and the step-through latency was measured with a stopwatch as inhibitory avoidance memory.The results showed that intra-VTA pretest administration of scopolamine (3 and 4 andmu;g/rat) and NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 (1 and 2 andmu;g/rat) impair memory retention. Interestingly, co-administration of an ineffective dose of MK801 (0.5 andmu;g/rat) with ineffective doses of scopolamine (1 and 2 andmu;g/rat) significantly decreased the inhibitory avoidance memory. Although pretest intra-VTA injections of NMDA (0.001 and 0.01 andmu;g/rat) had no effect by itself,but its co-administration with scopolamine (4 andmu;g/rat) prevented the decreasing effect of scopolamine on inhibitory avoidance memory retention.Our data may indicate that muscarinic and NMDA receptors in the VTA may be involved in the mechanism(s) modulating inhibitory avoidance memory retention through the VTA dopaminergic projections. Manuscript profile
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        349 - Influence of intracerebral administration of muscarinic agents in dorsal hippocampus (CA1) on cannabinoid state-dependent memory in the step-down passive avoidance test
        مرتضی پیری محمدرضا زرین دست مریم السادات شاهین
        In the present study, the effects of muscarinic agents on WIN55, 212-2 induced state-dependent memory of passive avoidance task were examined in mice. One-trial step-down paradigm was used for the assessment of memory retention in adult male NMRI mice. Post-training int More
        In the present study, the effects of muscarinic agents on WIN55, 212-2 induced state-dependent memory of passive avoidance task were examined in mice. One-trial step-down paradigm was used for the assessment of memory retention in adult male NMRI mice. Post-training intra-CA1 administration of cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN55, 212-2 (0.5 and 1 andmicro;g/mouse) decreased the memory retrieval. Amnesia induced by post-training WIN55, 212-2 (1andmicro;g/mouse) was significantly reversed by pre-test administration of WIN55,212-2 (0.5, 1andmu;g/mouse, intra-CA1), and induced WIN55, 212-2-state-dependent memory. Administration of scopolamine (4 andmicro;g/mouse) but not physostigmine (0.25, 1 and 4 andmicro;g/mouse) intra-CA1, 5 min before test by itself decreased the memory retrieval. On the other hands, the animals in which retrieval was impaired, due to WIN55, 212-2 (1andmicro;g/mouse) post-training administration, pre-test administration of physostigmine (1 and 4 andmicro;g/mouse) and scopolamine ( 4 andmicro;g/mouse) intra-CA1 24 hr after train in dayandrsquo;s test restored, memory retrieval. Furthermore animals under influence of post-training administration of WIN55, 212-2 (1andmicro;g/mouse), pre-test co-administration of non-effective doses of WIN55, 212-2 (0.25 andmicro;g/mouse) and scopolamine (1 andmicro;g/mouse), increased the restoration of memory by the WIN55, 212-2. These findings may implicate the involvement of muscarinic receptor in state-dependent memory induced by intra-CA1 administration of the WIN55, 212-2. Manuscript profile
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        350 - The Inhibition of State-Dependent Learning Induced By Scopolamine Via Blockade of Dorsal Hippocampal Beta1-Adrenergic Receptors in Rats
        بهاره پاکپور مجید نوائیان مرتضی پیری
        Adrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor More
        Adrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor antagonist on scopolamine state-dependent learning were examined in rat dorsal hippocampus. In this experimental study 155 adult male rats were anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic method. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task. In this study Scopolamine as muscarininc receptor antagonist and atenolol as andbeta;1-adrenergic receptor antagonist were used. Pre-training intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine (1.5 and 3 andmicro;g/rat) impaired inhibitory avoidance memory. Amnesia produced by pre-training scopolamine was reversed by pre-test administration of the same dose of scopolamine that is due to a state-dependent effect. Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) also impaired inhibitory avoidance memory.Furthermore, pre-test injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) 2 min before the administration of scopolamine inhibited scopolamine state-dependent memory.It can be concluded that the andbeta;1-adrenergic receptors of dorsal hippocampus may play animportant role in scopolamine state-dependent learning Manuscript profile
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        351 - Influence of Ethanol on Amnesia and State-dependent Learning Induced by Scopolamine in Male Mouse
        الهام حاجی زاده شیوا خضری مرتضی پیری
        Previous studies show that ethanol and scopolamine induce amnesia and state-dependent learning. Based on these findings, in the present study, the effect of ethanol on scopolamine induced amnesia and state-dependent learning has been evaluated in the elevated plus-maze More
        Previous studies show that ethanol and scopolamine induce amnesia and state-dependent learning. Based on these findings, in the present study, the effect of ethanol on scopolamine induced amnesia and state-dependent learning has been evaluated in the elevated plus-maze task. In this experimental study we used adult male NMRI mice. Mice were anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic method. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the effect of ethanol on scopolamine amnesia and state dependent learning in mice was examined. Pre-training intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine induced amnesia. Pre-test administration of scopolamine or ethanol restored amnesia induced by pre-training scopolamine. Pre-test injection of ethanol by itself impaired memory but potentiated the reversal effect of pre-test scopolamine on amnesia induced by pre-training scopolamine. These results show that ethanol could influence scopolamine state-dependent learning in the dorsal hippocampus. Furthermore, the data proposed a cross state-dependent learning between ethanol and scopolamine in the mouse dorsal hippocampus. Manuscript profile
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        352 - The Inhibition of State-Dependent Learning Induced By Scopolamine Via Blockade of Dorsal Hippocampal Beta1-Adrenergic Receptors in Rats
        بهاره پاکپور مجید نوائیان مرتضی پیری
        Adrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor More
        Adrenergic and cholinergic systems of the brain play an important role in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that scopolamine impair inhibitory avoidance memory and induce state-dependent learning. In the present study, the effects of andbeta;1-adrenoceptor antagonist on scopolamine state-dependent learning were examined in rat dorsal hippocampus. In this experimental study 155 adult male rats were anaesthetized and cannulae implanted bilaterally in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampus using stereotaxic method. Seven days after recovery from surgery, the behavioral testing was started in inhibitory avoidance task. In this study Scopolamine as muscarininc receptor antagonist and atenolol as andbeta;1-adrenergic receptor antagonist were used. Pre-training intra-CA1 injection of scopolamine (1.5 and 3 andmicro;g/rat) impaired inhibitory avoidance memory. Amnesia produced by pre-training scopolamine was reversed by pre-test administration of the same dose of scopolamine that is due to a state-dependent effect. Pre-test intra-CA1 injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) also impaired inhibitory avoidance memory.Furthermore, pre-test injection of atenolol (0.09 andmu;g/rat) 2 min before the administration of scopolamine inhibited scopolamine state-dependent memory.It can be concluded that the andbeta;1-adrenergic receptors of dorsal hippocampus may play animportant role in scopolamine state-dependent learning. Manuscript profile
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        353 - Investigation of the Effects of Oleuropein on Depression Induced by Scopolamine in Adult Mice
        Azam Moshfegh Gelavij Mahmoodi
        Depression is still one of challenging, and widely encountered disorders with complex etiology. The role of healthy diet and oleuropein in ameliorating depression has been claimed. This study was designed to explore the effects of oleuropein on depression induced by sco More
        Depression is still one of challenging, and widely encountered disorders with complex etiology. The role of healthy diet and oleuropein in ameliorating depression has been claimed. This study was designed to explore the effects of oleuropein on depression induced by scopolamine. In the present study, 35 male mice were randomly assigned to five groups (n=7). The control group received normal saline. The Sco group received intraperitoneal scopolamine at a dose of 1 mg/ kg for three weeks. The treatment groups received oleuropein in three doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/ kg. At the end of the behavioral tests, blood samples and brain tissues of the animals were removed for determination of biochemical tests. Results show that in groups receiving oleuropein at doses of 10 and 20 mg/ kg, the duration of immobility significantly reduced compared to the scopolamine group. Prescribing oleuropein at a dose of 10 mg/kg significantly reduced the level of nitric oxide (NO) in serum and brain tissue. Oleuropein shows significant anti-depressant effects in mice receiving a scopolamine, possibly due to its antioxidant activity.   Manuscript profile
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        354 - Evaluation of CUL3 Gene Expression Changes in Iranian Population with Colorectal Cancer and Polyps
        Zahra Taheri Shiva Irani Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei Mohammad Hossein Modarressi Zahra Noormohammadi
        The bowel or colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common fatal malignancies caused by environmental and genetic factors. The phenomenal growth in the number of people with CRC worldwide, especially in Iran highlights the importance of research on CRC.The current s More
        The bowel or colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common fatal malignancies caused by environmental and genetic factors. The phenomenal growth in the number of people with CRC worldwide, especially in Iran highlights the importance of research on CRC.The current study focused on molecular pathways involved in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer to identify a new diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for CRC.Colorectal cancer is the consequence of dysplasia in the initial intestinal appendages also known as polyps which are different and unknown in terms of morphology, molecular mechanisms, and the ability to affect intestinal carcinogenesis. In this cross-sectional study, 208 colorectal tissue biopsy specimens, including 34 tumor tissue, , 60 precancerous lesions with  adjacent tissue, as well as 20 normal tissue specimens were collected. CUL3 gene expression was evaluated using real-time PCR method. No significant difference was observed in mRNA expression level of CUL3 between polyp tissues and their normal adjacent samples (p = 0.35).Our results showed a statistically significant difference in CUL3 expression neither between tumor tissues and their adjacent normal samples (p = 0.89) nor among tumor and polyp groups (p = 0.48).CUL3 could play a critical role in regulating carcinogenesis and progression of CRC through stimulating proteasomal degradation of various tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Studies on CUL3-affected substrates in colorectal cancer are of significant importance. Manuscript profile
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        355 - Evaluation of correlation of human height with scapula length in normal chest radiography
        Amir Hossein Hashemi Attar Monireh Soltani
        Background: Study of anthropological and anatomical features of human is an important thread in forensic medicine. There are very few papers in forensic literature in which scapular dimensions have been used for estimation of human height. This study aimed to evaluate t More
        Background: Study of anthropological and anatomical features of human is an important thread in forensic medicine. There are very few papers in forensic literature in which scapular dimensions have been used for estimation of human height. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of human height and weight with scapula length in normal chest radiography. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on patients who refer to radiology clinic of Aria and 22-bahman for chest radiography hospital in Mashhad, Iran in 2012-2013. In this study, we recorded patient height, weight and age, then measure scapula length based on chest X ray. The tool of gathering the data was a questionnaire asking about age and sex, also height, weight and scapula length were mention in this questionnaire. Findings: a total of 100 patients (50 women and 50 men), participated in the study. The average of age, height and weight were 49.5, 164.3 cm and 71kg, respectively. There was a significant difference between height and scapula length (P-Value=0.0001**). Also, there was a significant difference between weight and scapula length (P-Value=0.0001**). Conclusion: In general, results show that there is a significant difference between height, weight and scapula length (P-Value<0.05). Due to this fact, in forensic practice, we can estimate human height based on scapula sample.   Manuscript profile
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        356 - طراحی مدل مسئولیت پذیری اجتماعی برای رضایتمندی،وفاداری و تمایل به حضور مجدد در بین تماشاگران باشگاه فرهنگی-ورزشی پرسپولیس ایران
        مهرداد محرم زاده محمد سیوان نوری فرهاد فتحی
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        357 - Developing a Model of Social Responsibility for Satisfaction, Loyalty and Future Attendance in the Spectators of Iran Persepolis Cultural-Sport Club
        مهرداد محرم زاده محمد سیوان نوری فرهاد فتحی
        The aim of this study was to identify and test the social responsibility model of Persepolis Club with satisfaction, loyalty and future attendance of spectators. The research method was descriptive and correlation and the statistical population consisted of all Persepol More
        The aim of this study was to identify and test the social responsibility model of Persepolis Club with satisfaction, loyalty and future attendance of spectators. The research method was descriptive and correlation and the statistical population consisted of all Persepolis fans attending Persepolis-Tabriz Mashinsazi match on May 11, 2019 (one of the Iran premier league matches). The sample size was calculated using Krejcie and Morgan table (n=381) by simple random sampling method. Jalali Farahani and Sajjadi Social Responsibility Questionnaire (2012), Oliver Audience Satisfaction Questionnaire (1997), Mousavi, Elahi and Hadavi Attitudinal Loyalty Questionnaire (2013), Mousavi, Elahi and Hadavi Behavioral Loyalty Questionnaire (2013), Lim Attendance Tendency Questionnaire (2006) were used to collect data. Inferential statistics including confirmatory factor analysis test, structural equation modeling to measure the internal consistency of the questionnaire items were used and Pearson correlation test and univariate regression test were applied to determine the relationships and predict the research variables. These statistical tests were performed by SPSS22 software. The results showed a significant positive relationship between social responsibility of Persepolis Club and spectators’ satisfaction. There was also a positive significant relationship between spectators’ satisfaction and attitudinal and behavioral loyalty and between attitudinal and behavioral loyalty and future attendance of spectators. There was a positive significant relationship between attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty. Given these findings, it is recommended that managers of sport clubs and organizations should pay more attention to the dimensions and activities of social responsibility and to consider such activities in their long-term plans. Manuscript profile
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        358 - ارتباط بین تغییرات ANP و لیپولیز در پاسخ به فعالیت تک جلسه ای مقاومتی
        سید مرتضی سجادی سجاد احمدی زاده صالح زاهدی اصل خسرو ابراهیم
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        359 - Topography of cardiac notch and copula pleurae in Caspian miniature horse
        M.R Paryani حسن Gilanpour
          Caspian miniature horse is a small breed of horse which was reported for the first time in Iran.difference  in the size of this breed comparing with other breeds of horses makes it probable that there might be some topographical variations.regarding the ext More
          Caspian miniature horse is a small breed of horse which was reported for the first time in Iran.difference  in the size of this breed comparing with other breeds of horses makes it probable that there might be some topographical variations.regarding the extend of pleura and the location of cardiac notch of lungs in relation to the ribs and thoracic wall,which is important in echocardiography and diagnostic imaging and clinical examination,lead us to study the topographical position of cardiac notches and copula pleurae in the Caspian miniature horse.     Manuscript profile
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        360 - Report of Cor Pulmonale in a calf due to bronchopneumonia
        Sh. Alipour zamani, A. Mirshahi, A. Taghavi razavizadeh,
        A 6 Months old holstein female dairy calf was referred to the clinic of veterinary medicine, Ferdowsi universityof Mashhad in the spring of 2011. The owner’s chief complaint was anorexia and growth retardation. Clinicalexamination revealed depression, tachycardia, More
        A 6 Months old holstein female dairy calf was referred to the clinic of veterinary medicine, Ferdowsi universityof Mashhad in the spring of 2011. The owner’s chief complaint was anorexia and growth retardation. Clinicalexamination revealed depression, tachycardia, tachypenia, atonic rumen, weakness, recumbency, increase breathsounds with harshness, cardiac murmur (Left side of the chest, base of heart with mild to moderate intensity),jugular vein distention, submandibular and brisket edema. Haemogram profles showed an acute infection withdegenerative immune system response. Radiological fndings were consisted of increased radiopacity and alveolarpattern (air bronchogram) in cranioventral lung lobes. Thoracic and abdominal ultrasonography was performed.Anechoic free fluids in pleural and abdominal cavity were observed which indicated pleural and peritonealeffusion, respectively. According to these fndings and a survey on serum biochemical profle, with measuring theconcentration of serum troponin I and rule out other causes of edema and ascites, the cor Pulmonale associated withbronchopneumonia was diagnosed. The sick animal was treated by parenteral antibiotic, diuretic and supportivedrugs. About 2 weeks after the treatment, clinical examination, radiological and ultrasonographical observationsand haemogram profles indicated complete recovery. Three months after the initial presentation, the calf wasvisited again and the only problem was growth retardation that may be due to bronchopneumonia outcome. Manuscript profile
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        361 - A case report of resurrent fribromatous epulides in cat
        M.R Paryani رضا Sajadi S.M Rajaei پژمان Mortazavi
        A 6 years old female Persian cat was presented with an oral tumor. A hemispherical mass, 18 mm in maximum diameter, without a peduncle and bright reddish in color, was observed on the gingive of the left mandible. Radiographic study shows osteolysis. The tumor was surgi More
        A 6 years old female Persian cat was presented with an oral tumor. A hemispherical mass, 18 mm in maximum diameter, without a peduncle and bright reddish in color, was observed on the gingive of the left mandible. Radiographic study shows osteolysis. The tumor was surgically removed via gingival incision around the margin to the depth of connective tissue layer. Histopathological examination indicated that the tumor contained a large number of neoplastic fibroblasts intermixed with vascular stroma and collagen tissue and was diagnosed as fibrornatous epulides with malignant characteristics. Tumor was recurred after 3 months. Due to lack of owner interest to treatment with chemotherapy agents and following his decision, the cat was euthanized with overdose injection of thiopental sodium.   Manuscript profile
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        362 - Modern Democracy under the Struggle between Oligarchy and Populism
        Mohsen Abbaszadeh Marzbali Mohammad-Hasan Habibzadeh Shirazi
        10.30495/psq.2023.1985970.2204
        Modern Democracy has been facing various crises historically. The current crisis is rooted in a dual origin. On the one hand, orientation to shape a hidden quasi-oligarchic state and, on the other hand, the eternal specter of populism. Where this dilemma originates from More
        Modern Democracy has been facing various crises historically. The current crisis is rooted in a dual origin. On the one hand, orientation to shape a hidden quasi-oligarchic state and, on the other hand, the eternal specter of populism. Where this dilemma originates from and what effects do both have on democratic order? to respond to this central question, the paper hypothesizes that the origin of the dilemma traces back to reductionist conceptions on two dimensions of modern democracy; that is, on the one side, an elitism inherent to liberal-capitalist (more especially, neo-liberal) structures that makes democratic policy-making dependent on the requirements of the capitalist system. On the other side, an implicit populist potentiality of democratic structure weakens the rule of law due to resorting to ‘ordinary people’. To justify the hypothesis, the paper takes advantage of comparative analysis, as a theoretical framework, of approaches to defining democratic legitimacy; i.e. philosophical (normative) and sociological (descriptive). The research is conducted in an analytical–descriptive method and library-based data gathering. In conclusion, overcoming the crisis of modern democracy entails strengthening the participatory quality of democracy to make an equilibrium between the majority and the minority. Participatory democracy seems the structure in which normative and descriptive conceptions of legitimacy can overlap. Manuscript profile
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        363 - چالش‌هاو موانع مقابله با تأمین مالی تروریسم در اسناد ملی و بین‌المللی
        محمدصادق چاووشی HADI KERAMATI MOEZ
        یکی از مهم‌ترین دلایل تقویت جریان‌های تروریستی درجهان، تداوم تأمین منابع مالی مورد نیاز آن ها از طرق مختلف است. در واقع تروریست‌ها برای رسیدن به اهداف تروریستی خود نیازمند تأمین مالی هستند و برای تأمین این نیاز حیاتی خود به راه‌های گوناگونی متوسل می‌شوند. لذا به منظور م More
        یکی از مهم‌ترین دلایل تقویت جریان‌های تروریستی درجهان، تداوم تأمین منابع مالی مورد نیاز آن ها از طرق مختلف است. در واقع تروریست‌ها برای رسیدن به اهداف تروریستی خود نیازمند تأمین مالی هستند و برای تأمین این نیاز حیاتی خود به راه‌های گوناگونی متوسل می‌شوند. لذا به منظور مبارزه با تروریسم، یکی از مهم‌ترین و ضروری‌ترین راه‌ها، مبارزه با تأمین مالی آن است. در این راستا اتخاذ تمهیداتی برای مبارزه با تأمین مالی تروریسم و اتخاذ هرگونه اقدامی به منظور خشکاندن منابع تأمین مالی تروریسم در اسناد ملی و بین‌المللی ضروری است. عدم الحاق ایران به کنوانسیون بین المللی مبارزه با تأمین مالی تروریسم، عدم شناسایی مفهوم تروریسم به عنوان یک رفتار مجرمانه مستقل و فقدان سیاست جنائی افتراقی در خصوص آن دلالت بر چالش‌ها و موانع مقابله با تأمین مالی تروریسم در اسناد داخلی است؛ در این مقاله نگارندگان با روش تحلیلی - توصیفی به واکاوی چالش‌ها و موانع در اسناد ملی و بین‌المللی برای مبارزه با تأمین مالی تروریسم خواهند پرداخت Manuscript profile
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        364 - The Effect of Globalization on The Efficiency effectiveness of Monetary Policies in selected Islamic Countries
        Robab Azali seyyed ali  paytakhti oskooe منیره دیزجی AliReza tamizi
        This study uses the Panel VAR methodology to examine the impact of globalization on the effectiveness of monetary policies in a subset of Islamic countries. For this purpose, first, changes in real per capita gross production and changes in inflation rate were estimated More
        This study uses the Panel VAR methodology to examine the impact of globalization on the effectiveness of monetary policies in a subset of Islamic countries. For this purpose, first, changes in real per capita gross production and changes in inflation rate were estimated using Hadrick-Prescott filter during the period of 2000-2019. In order to investigate the effect of globalization on production changes and inflation rate changes, auto-regression panel data pattern was used. Then, using the shock response test, the impact of globalization on the efficiency of monetary policies in the economy of selected Islamic countries was analyzed. The findings reveal that globalization, in conjunction with enhanced liquidity, induces shifts in GDP, thereby diminishing the potency of monetary policy. Shocks stemming from the interactive variable of globalization and interest rates drive fluctuations in GDP, underscoring the diminished efficacy of monetary policy due to interest rates. Over the long term, alterations in the inflation rate exhibit no discernible response to shocks from the interactive variables of financial globalization, liquidity volume, and globalization combined with interest rates. Consequently, in the extended term, monetary policy wielded through interest rates mitigates inflationary shifts, underscoring the efficacy of the interest rate channel. Therefore, Islamic countries can strengthen the mobility and transfer of foreign capitals to the country by increasing the domestic interest rate, which with the entry of foreign capitals will strengthen the domestic production capacities, followed by an increase in exports and an increase in foreign investment, and in this way will lead to By strengthening the supply side of the domestic economy, controlling and reducing inflation is achieved. Manuscript profile
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        365 - Evaluating the effect of the energy factor on international relations with an emphasis on energy security (descriptive-analytical approach)
        مجید افشاری راد Sara Nasiri Khesht Masjedi Ali Rezaei
        Due to the undeniable importance of energy in development countries, energy security is an important object in the economic and political policies of countries. In fact, the importance of the issue of energy security in today's world has caused a wide interaction betwee More
        Due to the undeniable importance of energy in development countries, energy security is an important object in the economic and political policies of countries. In fact, the importance of the issue of energy security in today's world has caused a wide interaction between energy and politics, and many friendships, competitions and political developments in the world are influenced by energy and its surrounding issues. This paper examines the theoretical aspects of the problem of energy security which is becoming a topical geopolitical issue today. In other word, interpreting the concept of energy security and a geopolitical factor of energy security have become important. The results indicate that in order to achieve sustainable energy security, countries should pay special attention to the geopolitical dimension to evaluate energy security. Manuscript profile
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        366 - The relationship between exchange rate overshooting and currency substitution in Iran’s economy
        Seyed Mansour  Heshmati Sanzighi Rahman Saadat Esmaeil Abounoori
        When a country's domestic currency fails to fulfill its roles, foreign currency often replaces it, a phenomenon known as currency substitution. This is particularly common in developing countries and influenced by both economic and political factors. One significant eco More
        When a country's domestic currency fails to fulfill its roles, foreign currency often replaces it, a phenomenon known as currency substitution. This is particularly common in developing countries and influenced by both economic and political factors. One significant economic aspect affecting currency substitution is exchange rate overshooting. The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between exchange rate overshooting and currency substitution in Iran. Utilizing the Kamin-Ericsson (2003) method, we first examine the foreign currency in circulation and the volume of currency substitution in Iran’s economy using annual data from 1961 to 2021. Then, the Bayesian Vector Autoregression (BVAR) method employed to analyze the impact of exchange rate overshooting on currency substitution. The results indicate that exchange rate overshooting and inflation consistently lead to increased currency substitution in Iran’s economy. Conversely, economic growth negatively affects currency substitution. Additionally, neutralizing the effects of shocks related to exchange rate overshooting, economic development, and inflation requires more than five years. Therefore, economic policymakers must consider these factors when managing currency substitution. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        367 - Investigation of bacterial abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in paraffin tissue samples of intestinal adenomatous polyps.
        Mohamadreza   Esrafili Reza Shapouri حبیب ضیغمی Fakhri Haghi
        Background & Aim: Microbiota is a collection of microorganisms that live in the oral cavity, respiratory system and intestine of multicellular organisms. Microbiota exerts numerous physiological and pathological effects on the host in which it lives. Increasing attentio More
        Background & Aim: Microbiota is a collection of microorganisms that live in the oral cavity, respiratory system and intestine of multicellular organisms. Microbiota exerts numerous physiological and pathological effects on the host in which it lives. Increasing attention has been directed to the interaction of host and microbiota. Adenomatous polyps are one of the common symptoms of colon cancer, the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Our study tries to show the relationship between Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in the intestinal paraffin tissue samples of adenomatous polyp patients and healthy individuals. Materials & methods: In this study, in order to investigate the mentioned bacteria in a total of 100 samples of intestinal paraffin tissue from adenomatous polyp patients (50 people) and healthy controls (50 people) for the presence, copy number and relative quantity of the above bacterial species using Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), compared to the reference gene, were investigated. Results: In the studied samples, the presence and number of copies of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria in adenomatous polyp samples was significantly higher than the other three groups. There was no significant difference in the abundance and presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Lactobacillus species between the two groups. Also, a decrease in the average number of gaps and the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium species in adenomatous polyps compared to the control group was obtained. Conclusion: Our study showed a higher number of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria and a decrease in the number of Bifidobacterium species in the samples of intestinal paraffin tissue of patients with adenomatous polyps compared to the control group. However, any association between gut microbiome dysbiosis and adenomatous polyps remains unknown. Manuscript profile

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