Study and comparison of morphological and phytochemical traits of Mentha pulegium L. in different habitats of Guilan province

Subject Areas : Medicinal Plants

Azizollah Kheiry ¹ , Zahra baharmast ² , mohsen sanikhani ³ , Ali Soleimani ⁴

1 - Assist. Prof.,Dep.t of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Iran.
2 - Master Graduated of Medicinal plants, Department of Horticulture, University of zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
3 - Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Zanjan University. Zanjan. Iran
4 - Associated Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.

Received: 2019-11-16 Accepted : 2020-08-17 Published : 2020-08-22

Keywords: Morphological traits, Mentha pulegium, phytochemical traits, pulegone, Essential oil,

Abstract :

M. pulegium is belongs to Lamiaceae. Pulegon as a main ingredient in mint has antimicrobial and aromatic properties which has been used to treatment of many diseases. In this study M. pulegium were collected from three natural habitats of Ziaber, Masal and Abkenard in the flowering stage in Guilan province. Also, rhizomes of habitat samples were cultivated in the research farm of Zanjan University in the same year. The rhizomes of the these populations were collected in the spring of 2017 and transferred to the research farm of Zanjan University. In the summer of the same year, flowering branches were harvested from natural habitates. The essential oil was extracted by using a Clevenger apparatus and water distillation and were and bused by GC and GC-MS. Results were showed that the polygon were highly varied in all populations, in which the highest and lowest content of pulegone was observed in cultivated population in Zanjan and Abkenar population with 54.43% and 40.19%, respectively. According to the results, the populations grown habitat were superior to morphological traits such as leaf length, plant height and number of internodes. A higher percentage of essential oil was observed in the cultivated population, it may be due to decrease in rainfall, an increase in altitude, as well as differences in latitude and longitude. The pulegon and camphene in Ziaber region had the highest amount with 49.17% and 11.84%, respectively, in Masal region, pulegon with 49.47% and gamaterpinen with 24.24% and in Abkenar region, pulegon (40.19%) and gamaterpinen (11.56%) were the most compounds. The high amount of these compounds in the studied populations indicates the high quality of essential oil in this medicinal plant. In this study, the cultivated populations had fewer compounds with a high percentage of the main compounds compared to other populations, so it seems they have more superiority and potential for breeding and domestication programs.

References:

References

1. Aires, A., Marrinhas, E., Carvalho, R., Dias, C. and José Saavedra, M. 2016. Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic Extracts of Pterospartum tridentatum and Mentha pulegium against Staphylococcus aureus Isolates. Bio Med Research International, 11: 65-74.


2. Abdelli, M., Moghran, H., Abounb, A. and Maachi, R. 2016. Algerian Mentha pulegium L. leaves essential oil: Chemical composition, antimicrobial, insecticidal and antioxidant activities. Industrial Crops and Products, 94: 197-205.


3. Ait-Ouazzou, A., Lorán, S., Arakrak, A., Laglaoui, A., Rota, C., Herrera, H., Pagán, R. and Conchello, P. 2011. Evaluation of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Mentha pulegium, Juniperus phoenicea and Cyperus longus essential oils from Morocco. Food Research International, 79: 313-319.


4. Abbaszadeh, B., Rezaei, F. and Cleaner, F. 2010. Evaluation of the relationship between essential oil yield and some of the agronomic traits using causality analysis in two ecotypes of pennyroyal. Journal of Research in Iranian Medicinal Plants and Herbs, 27(1): 36-46.


5. Arnon, D.L.1994. A copper enzyme is isolated chloroplast polyphenol oxidase in beta vulgaries. Plant physiol, 24: 1-15.


6. Blanchini, M., Galvao, D., Tamborena, T., Alves, C. and Puntel, R. 2017. Mentha pulegium crude extracts induce thiol oxidation and potentiate hemolysis when associated to t-butyl hydroperoxide in human’s erythrocytes. Industrial Crops and Products, 95(4): 2901-2909.


7. Benlarbi, K., Elmtili, N., Macı, F. and Galindo, J. 2014. Influence  of  in  vitro  growth  conditions  in  the  production  of  defence compounds  in  Mentha  pulegium  L. Phytochemistry  Letters, 10: 233-244.


8. Bouyahya, A., Et-Touys, A., Bakri, Y., Ahmed, T., Fellah, H., Abrini, J. and Dakka, N. 2017. Chemical composition of Mentha pulegium and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils and their antileishmanial, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Microbial Pathogenesis, 111: 41-49.


9. Chang, C., Yang, M., Wen, H. and Chern, J. 2002. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two Complementary colorimetric method. J. Food Durg Analaysis, 10: 178-182.


10. Chraibi, M., Farah, M., Lebrazi, S., Amine, OE., Houssaini, M.I. and Fikri-Benbrahim, K. 2016. Antimyco bacterial natural products from Moroccan medicinal plants: Chemical composition, bacteriostatic and bactericidal profile of Thymus satureioides and Mentha pulegium essential oils. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 10: 836-840.


11. Elhoussine D., Zineb B. and Abdellatif, B. 2010. GC/MS analysis and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Mentha pulegium grown in Morocco. Res. J. Agri. Biol. Sci. 6(3):191-8.


12. Gomes Soaresa, P.M., Freitas Piresb, A., Prata de Souzaa, E., Sampaio Assreuyb, A.M. and Neil Criddlec, D. 2012. Relaxant effects of the essential oil of Mentha pulegium L. in rat isolated trachea and urinary bladder. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 64(12): 1777-84.


13. Gulluce, M., Sahin, F., Sokmen, M., Ozer H., Daferera D. and Sokmen, A. 2007. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils and methanol extract from Mentha longifolia L. ssp. longifolia. Food Chem. 103(4):1449-56.


14. Hassanpour, R.A., Khavari-Nejad, F., Najafi, F. and Kharazmi, A. 2013. Penconazole induced changes in photosynthesis, ion acquisition and protein profile Mentha pulegium of under drought stress. Physiol Mol Biol Plants, 19(4): 489-498


15. Hosseini, S., Feizi, H., Homeland, P. and Ali-Pana, M. 2016. Review and comparison of essential oil chemical compounds of Mentha longifolia L. Hudson. In different habitats of Fars province and Khorasan Razavi provinces. Quarterly journal of ecophythemistry of medicinal plants, 49(2): 525-529.


16. Hajlaoui, H., Trabelsi, N., Noumi, E., Snoussi, M., Fallah, H. and Ksouri R. 2009. Biological activities of the essential oils and methanol extract of tow cultivated mint species (Mentha longifolia and Mentha pulegium) used in the Tunisian folkloric medicine. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 25(12):222-738.


17. Jafari, A., Kahrizi, D. and Mansouri, M. 2015. Effects of plant growth regulators and explant on callus induction in pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.). Biharean biologist, 10(2): 134-136.


18. Khadraoui, A., Khelifa, A., Boutoumi, A. and Hammouti, B. 2014. Mentha pulegium extract as a natural product for the inhibition of corrosion. Part I: electrochemical studies, Natural Product Research: Formerly Natural Product Letters, 28 (15): 1206-1209.


19. Khonche, A., Fallah Huseini, H., abdi, H., Mohtashami, Z., Nabati, F. and Kianbakht, S. 2017. Efficacy of Mentha pulegium extract in the treatment of functional dyspepsia: a randomized double- blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 206: 267-273.


20. Mohsenpour, M., Vafadar, M., Meghani, H. and Vatankhah, F. 2014. Effect of environmental conditions on the amount of chemical compounds of essential oil of Pune M. aquatica L. from different habitats of Mazandaran province. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 47: 37-41.


21. Mirzaaie-Nadoushan, H., Rezaie, M. and Jaimand, K. 2001. Path analysis of the essential oil-related characters in Mentha spp. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 16: 340-343.


22. Mehrafarin, A., Mighani, F., Baghestani, M.A. and Mirhadi, M.J. 2008. Evaluation of biodiversity of field bindweed population in Varamin (Iran). Rostaniha, 9 (1): 100-112 (in Persian).


23. Mahboubi, M. and Haghi G. 2008. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Mentha pulegium L. essential oil. J Ethnopharmacol.  119(2): 325-7.


24. .Ouakouak, H., Chohra, M. and Denane, M. 2015. Chemical composition, antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Mentha pulegium L. South East of Algeria. In. L. Natur. Sci. 39: 49-55.


25. Lorenzo, D., Paz, D., Dellacassa, E., Davies, P., Vila, R. and Cañigueral S. 2002. Essential oils of Mentha pulegium and Mentha rotundifolia from Uruguay. Braz Arch Biol Technol. 45(4):519-24.


26. Rodriguesa, L., Póvoab, O., Teixeirac, G., Figueiredod, A. and Moldãoa Monteiroa, A. 2013. Trichomes micromorphology and essential oil variation at different developmental stages of cultivated and wild growing Mentha pulegium L. populations from Portugal. Industrial Crops and Products, 43: 692– 700.


27. Slamati, M. and Yusefy, M. 2011. Evaluation of performance and morphological diversity of Dracocephalum moldavica genotypes. Plant Researches, 27: 1-9.


28. Salem, O., Bachrouch, J., Sriti, K., Msaada, S., Khammassi, M., Hammami, S., Selmi, E., Boushih, S., Koorani Manef Abderraba, B., Marzouk, F., Limam, J. and Mediouni, B.J. 2018. Fumigant and repellent potentials of Ricinus communis and Mentha pulegium essential oils against Tribolium castaneum and Lasioderma serricorne. International Journal of Food Properties, 20: 89-93.


29. Salarbashi, D., Tajik, S., Shojaee-Aliabadi, S., Ghasemlou, M., Moayyed, H., Khaksar, R. and Noghabi, M.S. 2013. Development of new active packaging film made from a soluble soybean polysaccharide incorporated Zataria multiflora Boiss. and Mentha pulegium essential oils. Food Chemistry, 89: 614-622.


30. Tutar, U., Karaman, I., Çelik, C., Ataş, M. and Hepokur, C. 2016. Anti-biufilm antimicrobial activity of Mentha pulegium essential oil resistant-multidrug against Acinetobacter baumannii. Tropical Jornal of Pharmaceutica Research 15(5): 1046-103.


31. Yavari, A.R., Nazeri, V., Sefidkon, F. and Hassani, M.E. 2010.  Evaluation of some ecological factors, morphological traits and essential oil productivity of Thymus migricus Klokov & Desj-Shost. Iranian Journal of Medicinal Aromatic Plants Research, 26 (2): 227-238 (In Persian).


32. Zanjani, K., Bakhoda, H., Mohamadi, N. and Zojaji, M. 2015. composition chemical the essential oil of  pulegium Mentha and this Antimicrobial activity on Proteus mirabilis. rouxii Zygosaccharomyces and subtilis Bacillus Food of Journal Biosciences and Technology. 5(2): 31-40.


33. Zargari, A. 1997. Medicinal Plants (Vol. 4). Tehran University Publicans, Tehran, Iran, 970p.


34. Zeinali, H., Arzani, A., Razmjoo, G.H. and Rezaei, M.B. 2007. Study of cytogenetic in Mentha spicata and
    M. longifolia. Pajouhesh va Sazandeg. 78 (1): 34-40 (In Persian).