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Open Access Article
1 - Manifesting the spirit of privacy adjustment on Iranian extroverted houses (case study: Kolbadi house in Mazandaran province)
Amir Hossein Shirdel Jamaledin Mehdinejad Roshanak NaseriakbarPrivacy adjustment as an important need is the result of regulating the interaction between humans in the environment. adjustment. Creating a suitable space for privacy adjustment in Iranian houses is a fundamental feature of Iranian architecture, which has had a signif MorePrivacy adjustment as an important need is the result of regulating the interaction between humans in the environment. adjustment. Creating a suitable space for privacy adjustment in Iranian houses is a fundamental feature of Iranian architecture, which has had a significant impact on the structure of houses from the beginning. In this regard, the question arises whether the cities on the edge of the Caspian Sea with extroverted architecture are affected by patterns of privacy adjustment? Examining architectural solutions to privacy adjustment in these types of houses has not attracted enough attention of researchers. Therefore, with the aim of identifying common patterns in extroverted homes, this research has collected materials using the library method and field observations. The present article is organized in the form of an interpretive-historical research, which has been used for the analysis of the collected information in a descriptive-analytical manner. The findings of the research show that many extroverted houses in Iran are built in large yards and planting trees inside the yard significantly limits the view into the living space. This factor plays an important role in defining the boundaries of the building. The entrance plays an essential role in connecting the private and public spaces in providing privacy. Also, by creating fractures and angles and the presence of height differences and placement of rooms on the upper floors of the house, the direct view is limited and visual privacy are maintained. The results of the investigation of the effective mechanisms of privacy adjustment in the extroverted house of the Kolbadi house show that while there is a relationship between the inside and the outside of the building, order and mechanisms are applied to maintain and create a state of secrecy, privacy adjustment and restriction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - An Exploration of Social Interactions in the Contemporary Iranian House
Negar Gharagozloo Hesari Hosein KalantariKhalilAbadHumans, as social beings, engage in various levels of qualitative and quantitative social interactions. While many existing structures primarily focus on functional needs and often overlook human factors, housing plays a crucial role in this context. This research aims MoreHumans, as social beings, engage in various levels of qualitative and quantitative social interactions. While many existing structures primarily focus on functional needs and often overlook human factors, housing plays a crucial role in this context. This research aims to address the following questions: What are the criteria and design principles for social interactions within such spaces? How can housing with appropriate functionality and desired spatial quality be designed, considering its architectural components, to meet users' needs? This study is a descriptive-analytical research conducted through a survey method, and it is practical in nature. Some of the human and environmental variables influencing social interactions were extracted from library documents and studies. Among these, fourteen important factors were selected as the basis for this research, prioritized by architects and sociologists among the faculty members of some reputable universities in Iran. Therefore, by specifying the population, sample, and research tools, the roles played by selected variables in confirming or rejecting the research hypotheses were tested. Subsequently, using SPSS software, the selected variables, such as influential criteria in shaping interactions (e.g., permeability), and architectural components as secondary factors (e.g., spatial clarity), were prioritized. The result of this research process indicates that focusing on social interactions and the architectural components can contribute to enhancing the quality of life for residents and improving social connections in contemporary Iranian housing. Additionally, recommendations are made for housing designers to help improve social interactions in Iranian contemporary housing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Anthropological study of local knowledge of traditional architecture of Ardabil people with emphasis on ecotourism (A case study of the house of Iki room in the corridor of Aleli village)
ammar ahmadi vahid rashidvash یعقوب شربتیان mohammad hadi mansour lakoorejThe main goal of this research paper is to know the local knowledge of traditional architecture with ecotourism orientation among the people of Aleli village in Meshkinshahr. The research method of this applied research is based on field research based on deep field ana MoreThe main goal of this research paper is to know the local knowledge of traditional architecture with ecotourism orientation among the people of Aleli village in Meshkinshahr. The research method of this applied research is based on field research based on deep field analysis, which uses the theory of transautomatism in the school of architecture and the theory of needs in the school of functionalism, as well as the school of structuralism in the anthropological analysis and interpretation of the problem. The innovation and innovation of this research article lies in the rarity of this group of articles, in other words, the void of this research in the field of local knowledge, especially the local knowledge of the traditional architecture industry in the rural areas of the country, especially the rural areas of Ardabil province, was completely felt. The result of this research is to identify and preserve and maintain the traditional houses of the villages of different regions of Ardabil and the culture related to its construction and use, as well as the development of the traditional architecture industry in the structure of its local knowledge to help with the issue of ecotourism and attract tourism to rural areas, especially Aleli village of Meshkinshahr. . The obvious function of this indigenous knowledge manifests itself in the daily life of the people of Aleli village as the traditional architecture of this region in earning income and the economic prosperity of the families of this village and the hidden function… Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Investigating the dimensions of emergence and emergence of club house network in Iran
MohamadHasan KHalatbari Afsaneh MozaffariThe purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the possible positive and negative consequences of using the Club House network in Iran. The importance of this study is that achieving a correct understanding of the positive and negative aspects of using this ne MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the possible positive and negative consequences of using the Club House network in Iran. The importance of this study is that achieving a correct understanding of the positive and negative aspects of using this network can explain the possible threats and opportunities that the use of this virtual network can have for the country in the run-up to the 1400 presidential elections. And to help the country's officials in the field of cyberspace in choosing a correct, scientific and principled confrontation with this social network. The research method was performed using a qualitative method and information and data were collected through in-depth interviews with experts. Permanent comparison method has also been used to analyze the data. The research results show; Interviewees believe that the existence of Club House in Iran has positive dimensions such as: marginalizing the voices of informal groups in society and politics, reducing fake news and content by emphasizing the credibility of resources, enabling dialogue without any intervention and visual appeal (overcoming logic). Deception, developing a culture of dialogue by creating a respectful atmosphere for it, emerging as an elite medium, being effective while not pervasive, solving the problem of other platforms by enabling dialogue without overcoming tools, creating a deep and real medium for elites and Opportunities such as: reducing the audience of dissident and monarchist networks, creating mobility in the main media of the country, including radio and television, in order to re-conquer the audience of analytical and deep productions, increase time and social capital. The platform also has negative features such as: lack of ubiquity, lack of archival capability, non-democratic media (minority rights are not recognized in chat rooms), low number of users compared to other existing platforms, monosensitivity (purely audio-radio platform 24 Hours), being an American platform and threatening to influence the 1400 elections (virtual-media elections) and challenge radio. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Discourse semiotic analysis of the flow of intellectual cinema (Case study of the movie House on Water)
rafiodin esmaeiliIn the last century, there has been a cultural challenge between Iran and the West, and after the Islamic Revolution, this issue has been in the form of a kind of alienation, clearly, laying the groundwork and creating a kind of "discourse tension"; In a way, along this MoreIn the last century, there has been a cultural challenge between Iran and the West, and after the Islamic Revolution, this issue has been in the form of a kind of alienation, clearly, laying the groundwork and creating a kind of "discourse tension"; In a way, along this challenge, "secular discourse" is opposed to "Islamic discourse" inside Iran. Influenced by this confrontation, the field of art and especially cinema has also witnessed the alignment of the above two discourses. The one-line thinking of the secular approach to the world paves the way for the formation of intellectual discourse along the stream of Persian film. Given the principles of the secular world, this discourse seeks to provide new definitions and elements. This article tries to explain the central and peripheral elements of intellectual cinema. Then, with the new method of "discourse semiotics", the analysis of the movie House on Water, which is a suitable representative for the discourse of intellectual cinema, will be analyzed. According to the findings of this study, the central element of this discourse is giving originality to the West And the surrounding elements of this discourse are: originality of form, Denigration and Disappoint, subjectivism, disregard for the innate feelings of the audience, functional view of religion, lack of attention to religion and relativism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Analyzing the role of yards in spatial structure of Iranian houses using space syntax
mojtaba mazaheri Omid Dezhdar Sayed Jalil MousaviHome is the first space which human kinds are affected by and are experience the sense of belonging during the day. Iranian traditional houses are big houses with yards inside and outside the houses. According to the division of overall structure of houses into inside a MoreHome is the first space which human kinds are affected by and are experience the sense of belonging during the day. Iranian traditional houses are big houses with yards inside and outside the houses. According to the division of overall structure of houses into inside and outside parts, the principle of hierarchy and spatial continuity from the entrance to the main part of the collection can be seen. Using a central courtyard had been a very old pattern in housing construction and residential spaces had been formed around the courtyard, by utilizing various methods. Yard as the main space in the past houses had formed the structure of the house by their geometric shapes. The result of this attitude had given a special place to the yard in the past; Something that today, because of the quantitative attitude to the issue of housing, the utilitarian approach to the land, the lack of attention to the space quality and meaning, and ignorance of the influence of the environment on the human psyche, is neglected and a little trace of it remains. In this study, with the aim of expressing the component with common indicators of the yard in the space structure of the Iranian house, and to answer this question that "What are common aspects of yard in the space structure of Iranian historic houses?", spatial structure of a few examples of Iranian house will be studied. Among historic houses of Yazd, Garden house and among historic houses of Kashan, Boroujerdi house, and also Behnam houses and Mashroote house among Tabriz houses are chosen. Then the common components and aspects of these houses, which represent the greatest features of the yard in architecture space of the houses are explained. By considering the study topic, which was conducted as a case study, achieved data and information were analyzed by using the interpreting and comparing method and to analyze the spatial structure of the study samples, the method of "space syntax" and Depthmap and Pajek software were used in this regard. Space syntax is a set of methods and theories that, in order to explain how the interaction of space configuration explains social organization and social behaviors, studies space configuration in architecture and urban scale. This method is explained by Bill Hillier and Julianne Hansen in Bartlett and during three decades with the development of theory on one hand, and the development methods and techniques of space analysis on the other hand, has been changed to the present form. To analyze the spatial structure case studies, internal and external relationships of the elements and their relationship together should be analyzed. Elements that were checked by this method and this software, include sight- sight graph from a point- potential of eyesight- the hierarchy of access and depth of space that will result in access graph. This analysis helps to connection of effective elements in space. The results of the analysis are expressed in the form of the items for yard architecture at contemporary houses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Contemplation on Semiotics of Qazvin Houses Entrance of During the Qajar Era from Aspects Ferdinand de Saussure, Charles Sanders Peirce and Umberto Eco
Noushin Sekhavat doust Fariba AlborziSemiotics (Semiology) is a scientific approach which deals with studying and analyzing signs. By broad and multilateral studying upon objects in different cultural and social fields, it can be considered as an efficient factor (effect) in architecture and impressive age MoreSemiotics (Semiology) is a scientific approach which deals with studying and analyzing signs. By broad and multilateral studying upon objects in different cultural and social fields, it can be considered as an efficient factor (effect) in architecture and impressive agents in creating spaces. This research, investigates the reasons and meaning of the factors (effects) which were used in the entrance of Qajar's houses of Qazvin City from view of semiotics, and by considering “Ferdinand de Saussure”, “Charles Sanders Peirce” and “Umberto Eco” points of view. The theory is that in researching every detail of these entrances with Semiological view, whatever that interpreted as a sign is a result of human's thoughts (mind) and also has been impressed by cultural and social structures. However, the main part of this research is mostly about objective (visual) factors (effects) but as the aforementioned theory suggests, these visual factors (effects) are also made by following the thoughts (mind). In this research it is decided to study the entrance of Qajar's houses of Qazvin City by using semiotics (semiology) to analyze these areas more deeply than what was thinking about them- that these areas are just a linking part of the houses. The research also wants to find and analyze the factors (effects) among cultural and social fields, which can be interpreted as signs. As it can be understood from research's title and its theory, necessity of meaning interpretation and social analysis as the main base have an important role, so by considering them, the research method is qualitative and in analyzing, it is supreme, comparative and descriptive. Semiological analysis were carried out in accordance with the views of “Saussure”, “Peirce”, and “Eco”. Therefore, the cause-and-effect relationships of signifier and signified were discussed in Saussure’s perspective. Then, the designatum, Sign, interpretant, and three types of semiotics (index, symbol, and icon) were discussed in “Peirce’s” point of view. Finally, the centrality of culture was analyzed in the formation of symbols in accordance with Eco’s view. In addition to analyzing the functional and conceptual causes of spatial elements of the entrance symbolically, the research results indicated the most effective factors in the analysis of signs in reference to subjective and conceptual components. Such components resulted in cultural, social, religious, and behavioral structures by considering the physical features leading to a meaningful form. Accordingly, the researchers managed to determine the philosophical method of semiotics in the legibility of architectural elements by preserving the nature of the method. The aforesaid approach described the conventional relationship between physical forms and the elements of entrance space comprehensively in addition to their applications. It also justified those entrance symbols which were merely decorative and useless, due to the lack of a specific functionality, in the legibility of deep semantic strata in reference to sociocultural structures. In interaction with the views of theorists, the legibility of entrance space symbols was provided in a more detailed context in relation to the residents and users of space in addition to behavioral and religious patterns affecting the creation of a meaningful physical for such elements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Role of Cultural and Social Implication on the Shape of the Marquee Case study: Bakhtiari seachador and Turkmen oey
Noraldin Pirkhezri Mohammad sadegh falahatHuman kind manifested their express and being in the world with the nature of the action and the culture of "home" incorporation, Due to its fundamental shape by the environment, structure of the "marquee" were on the feet. This article focuses on the concept that it is MoreHuman kind manifested their express and being in the world with the nature of the action and the culture of "home" incorporation, Due to its fundamental shape by the environment, structure of the "marquee" were on the feet. This article focuses on the concept that it is using of semiotics in the "application" and "syntax" with the method of qualitative analysis result of field observation and a library in the comparative study of two species of marquee with heterogeneous platform, on how the impact of the social and cultural aspect of weight compared to the climate, the functional relationships of causality building materials and technique’s, functionality and demonstration in shape (Signifier) marquees. This research seeks to test the hypothesis that: 1. The shape of the House before the "natural causes", the impact of the breakup of "cultural and social implication" and causes of natural looking toward social and cultural implication. 2. The response of natural causes the same House in the "cultural" platform of any non-lead to the same result’s. Research using of social semiotics of cultural implication in the case study of two aboriginal mining and then express it in communication with the institutions explaining the causality is hindering the natural. Signs in the shape of a marquee such as purporting factors of cultural , social backgrounds. In this study, with the way applications (functional) and the funds somehow (associated with the social environment and cultural fields) are employed as research tool. According to this hypothesis a comparative study this research while symptoms (Signifier, the shape of the marquee), which signify the concepts (signified) social and cultural and other reviews of samples of different cultural contexts and its impact on making a difference in the slab (Shapes) and compared the effect of natural cause is done that leads to the understanding of the concepts and the role of social and cultural implication in this category can be. The results of the research it turns out that not only is the "cultural ideal" implication on the establishment figure in the marquee, despite the impact of the natural causes of functional and tangible role "pivot point" but also beyond natural causes in the context of any culture in the concept of a "cycle of culture _ nature's" nature on the cultural. Therefore no effective natural causality on the shape of the House in its nature , is not a mere natural but also cultural and social meaning in this cycle. The marquee match Seachador & Oey platform for people in both the cultural and the natural causes of pass (climate, building materials and technique’s) from within the culture of the different answers that indicate. (Signifier) is the shape of the tabernacle, the tent of the culture and the form (form, space, structure, process), indicating the platform's culture. Hence the "signified" the fundamental implication on the shape of the culture of the marquee and culture "cycle-nature" natural causes with all rational minutes in harmony with the role of culture and belief implies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Iranian traditional home aesthetics: Recognition aesthetics elements based on Grounded Theory(Case Study: Yazd)
Maryam Soleimani Kazem MondegariThe aesthetics is the quality of being pleasing, especially to look at, or someone or something that gives great pleasure, especially when looking at it. The conception for aesthetic is used in art, sociology, social psychology, and culture. Thus, aesthetic is one of th MoreThe aesthetics is the quality of being pleasing, especially to look at, or someone or something that gives great pleasure, especially when looking at it. The conception for aesthetic is used in art, sociology, social psychology, and culture. Thus, aesthetic is one of the issues that are of concern to all human beings, and especially Architecture and urban planning designer. The factors that achieving it help to success and the functioning of a residential area. Therefore, considering the importance of addressing this issue and extract metrics, this study aims to provide aesthetic standards in the design of housing and residential areas consider to identify of an aesthetics elements of traditional houses in Yazd. Yazd has a rich architectural and historical importance. Therefore it could be fertile ground for recognizing the criteria of aesthetic in architecture. In order to achieve this goal, it tried based on Grounded theory method and identification that derived from the design of housing and residential areas on the aesthetics elements of the home that shaped based on the perception of the aesthetic of interviewees from the spaces. In this way in order to study first, seven examples of traditional houses in Yazd, used as Architectural College, which considered as case study, The continuous presence and personal observations and interviews realized in the deep and open with present residents of these houses that include 25 students and staff. Aesthetic elements of these houses identified by using a systematic method, Strauss and Corbin analyzed and explained in three opening, axial and selective coding. A study using grounded theory is likely to begin with a question, or even just with the collection of qualitative data. As researchers review the data collected, repeated ideas, concepts or elements become apparent, and tagged with codes, which have been extracted from the data. As more data is collected and as data is re-reviewed, codes can be grouped into concepts and then into categories. Finally, in order to further the validity of research results, research findings obtained from field studies in comparative comparison put by the concepts and principles. The results show that four general agents such as: A) Effects on aesthetic of nature, such as the manifestation of the trees, sky, water, clay and effects of light. B) The manifestation of unification by using simplicity, arrangement, symmetry, rhythm, concentration geometry, duplication, using proportion; C) Emphasis on the effects of space on the observer(attention to depth watch in different views) by creating virtual images in water, creating consecutive views and using customary decorations D) The emphasis on meaning through symbolic elements and the concept of the amazing memories (The possibility of The manifestation of mind familiar phenomena from the perspective of these houses present residents were reconditioned by creating niches). It is noted that each of these elements have been achieved through the factors that have been detailed expressed during the investigation. The results obtained in this study can be followed as a new research for affirming theories obtained in this paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Spatial Orientation of the Manifestation of Unity in Multiplicity in the Architecture of Traditional Houses in Shoushtar: Case Study Aminzadeh House and Gazor House
alireza taghizadeh Vida TaghvaeiOne of the main trends of Iranian-Islamic architecture is unity in multiplicity that can be defined clearly in traditional houses in the particular relation between the part and the whole. In the Iranian-Islamic architecture, each element, form or space can be understoo MoreOne of the main trends of Iranian-Islamic architecture is unity in multiplicity that can be defined clearly in traditional houses in the particular relation between the part and the whole. In the Iranian-Islamic architecture, each element, form or space can be understood in isolation, or in combination as a concept. This is clearly reflected on the spatial organization of the Iranian houses as the principle of spatial orientation, which has been revealed in different ways in the architecture of the traditional houses in Shoushtar. The purpose of this research is to investigate the manifestation of unity in multiplicity in architecture that plays an effective role in creating the harmony between the fabric and meaning in the spatial organization of the houses in Shoushtar. This research has been conducted in two domains: the first covers the related topics of Islamic theoretical foundations such as the principle of unity, and the second includes the criteria and indices of spatial orientation in the spatial organization of the architecture of the houses in Shoushtar. The research has employed a mixed method with a qualitative approach which uses content analysis to systematically analyze texts and writings. In this way, library research has been used for collecting theoretical data. Accordingly, concepts such as the spatial orientation of the manifestation of unity principle have been analyzed as the theoretical basis of the research. In the second domain, the architecture of the houses in Shoushtar, including Aminzadeh House and Gazor House has been explained and analyzed in a table according to the theoretical foundations of the research, such as the spatial orientation. The results show that the single layer structure of the houses as the thermal element has been one of the main features of the main axis of the houses in Shoushtar, which has led to the presentation of a Shadadi Iwan as a space with various climatic, biological and communicational functions along the main axis of the house. Therefore, it is suggested that the future studies consider the central spatial system in the spatial organization of the traditional houses and the effect of light on the formation of open, semi-open and closed spaces around the main axis of the houses and its role in the way of space arrangement in the spatial organization of the modern houses so that the criteria derived from these studies would affect the development of the rules and guidelines for the design of house architecture in Shoushtar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Evaluation of Privacy in Different Types of Spatial Structure of Traditional Iranian Houses Base on the Space Syntax Mathematical Analysis (Case Study: Shiraz Qajar Houses)
Najmeh Zangeneh Hamed Moztarzadeh Malihe Taghipour Tahereh NasrAccording to rapports, since home construction is cultural, its form and organization are also influenced by the culture that the home is a product of. In this way, traditional Iranian architecture can be described as full of concepts that are based on Iranian religious MoreAccording to rapports, since home construction is cultural, its form and organization are also influenced by the culture that the home is a product of. In this way, traditional Iranian architecture can be described as full of concepts that are based on Iranian religious culture and beliefs. One of the most important concepts that influence the formation of traditional Iranian houses is the concept of privacy. Unfortunately, in today's construction, the conception of privacy is ignored. In fact, in the current century, the concept of privacy has been a victim of economic and social factors, and priority for building spaces that create privacy gradually decreased. The result has been the construction of alien homes with indigenous culture. Therefore, although people live in modern houses and try to adapt to modern architecture, they still consider a traditional home a desirable home. Accordingly, since the home is the most private place for each person, it is one of the main places, where makes essential privacy. Thus, traditional home reviews, where the concept of privacy is well respected, can help architects to apply this principle in today's housing architecture. In this regard, given that traditional houses of the warm and dry climate of Iran are built as a courtyard, and the organization of the spaces around the courtyard is based on different patterns, the most common of which is the organization of the four types of patterns. These patterns include two sides of construction (two opposing masses), two sides of construction (two perpendicular masses), three sides of construction, and four sides of the construction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the privacy of these four patterns in Qajar houses in Shiraz. The research method used in this study is quantitative-qualitative, and the tools used in analyzing houses are mathematical space syntax. Such that, initially eight Qajar houses were selected, and after identifying the three characteristics of introversion, hierarchy, and locating for privacy, at first the houses graphs were extracted by A-Graph software, then these three privacy factors are based on space syntax tools, including, integration, connectivity, relative mean depth, relative asymmetry, real relative asymmetry, and accessibility were analyzed. The research results show that, on the one hand, the concept of privacy as an integral concept in traditional Iranian architecture, in all the patterns of the Qajar houses of Shiraz, the architects have been of interest. On the other hand, based on the analysis, by increasing the mass-to-space ratio from two sides to four sides, the amount of introversion, hierarchy, and locating has increased. This indicates that in the Qajar houses of Shiraz, the pattern of the four sides of the building has the highest amount of privacy than other patterns. This is due to the possibility of separating public and private territories, increasing the depth, and building nested spaces on each side. Moreover, the findings of the study suggest that, in all construction patterns, the least privacy concerns first the courtyard space and then the guest space, and on the contrary, most privacy concerns the bedroom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The impact of physical differences between traditional and company houses on the lifestyle of people in Abadan (A case study of traditional and company houses in the time period of 1390-1357 AH)
Fatemeh Motaghedi Vida Taghvaei Mohamad Ebrahim MazharyAbstractStatement of the Problem : The living space of a person , from the house to the neighborhood and the city , shows his / her beliefs and the way of life . Research on the relationship between lifestyle and physical living space of the people , has opened the door MoreAbstractStatement of the Problem : The living space of a person , from the house to the neighborhood and the city , shows his / her beliefs and the way of life . Research on the relationship between lifestyle and physical living space of the people , has opened the door to an interdisciplinary discussion that is related to anthropology and sociology , on the one hand , and to the physical and semantic characteristics of the home on the other . If we consider lifestyle beyond everyday life and home beyond physical and meaningful features , we can consider that a person’s lifestyle influences his / her shaping of his / her house , and on the other hand , the physical shape and form of the house that he/she lives in it will be affected ; an effect which is continuous . Now, if this person settled in a pre-arranged house (as what happened in Abadan after the oil industry), the sequence of the influence imposed on the lifestyle and the type of housing will be cut off and another kind of connection will be established between the person and his/her place of residence.Research question : What physical differences did the residents of Abadan’s corporate homes experience in the new housing , and which components affected their lifestyle ?Purposes of the research : By reflecting on the concept of lifestyle, this study will try to explain the relationship between the characteristics of the lifestyle and the shape of the residence and examine the relationship between the two. In this way, it will investigate the impact of the lifestyle of the people of Abadan on the shape of imported housing and urban development, which was established after the establishment of the refinery and at the same time appeared with the formation of the new city of Abadan.Methodology : The research method for data collection in this research is the method of documentary and library studies and a qualitative strategy will be used to analyze the relationship between the house and the lifestyle of the residents and also to compare the samples. Also, this research is a fundamental-applied research , in which the methods of interpretation and correlation have been used as the strategy and method of research.The most important findings and conclusion : According to the research results , the lifestyle of the people of Abadan has been affected by the shape of the different houses , in which they have been housed , in a way that their lifestyle has changed significantly as compared to their lifestyle before settling in this city and the physical space of the new housing have clearly influenced the habits , the social relations and the livelihoods of the residents ; hence by influencing their cultural , economic and social capital , their consumption patterns , behavioral patterns , tastes , leisure time and social roles have been changed , too.Keywords: Lifestyle ; Architecture ; Housing ; Abadan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Examining the changes in the pattern of housing quality indicators related to the space syntax method(from the Qajar period to the present day)
atefeh jabbari Maryam Ghalambor Dezfuly hosein moradinasab Mahmoud Nikkhah ShahmirzadiThe lifestyle of the people of a region is introduced as the identity substructure of the native architecture of that region, which is derived from human needs at any time and place. In this study, the qualitative method of semiotics is used with the help of Space Synta MoreThe lifestyle of the people of a region is introduced as the identity substructure of the native architecture of that region, which is derived from human needs at any time and place. In this study, the qualitative method of semiotics is used with the help of Space Syntax software. which uses evaluation based on standard models to determine the main factors of housing quality, and then by simulating and examining visible graphs in Space Syntax software, it is possible to have a comprehensive understanding of how Changing the pattern of space arrangement in the local archetypes was achieved in the studied houses. The Saman region of Mashhad has provided a suitable platform for this study with the abundance of native houses in it. The results of this research showed that by specifying the signs in the qualitative patterns of the housing, it is possible to provide a quantitative reading of them by Space Syntax software.Culture and design in environmental designs and artefact architecture, which targets the audience, has been considered as a cultural image in a way that theorists believe is culture. Its manifestations appear not only in the perception of people, beliefs, values, norms, customs and behaviors, but also in the design of objects and the artificial environment, including houses and neighborhoods, may be influential and overshadow them. put put into question the effectiveness of the project (Isai Ghasemian Asl and Tahereh Nasr, 2017; Amirreza Sheikh Bahai, 2018). The spatial configuration of the house, its interior design (spatial organization), and the shape of the house in an area can support or hinder the culture of the residents (Ozaki, 2002; Rapaport, 1969). Rappaport Vallior recognizes cultural contexts as a factor in the formation of local architecture and as Rappaport states, space has meaning, Grote and Wang also emphasize the need for environmental designers to pay attention to the socio-cultural aspects that they are in. (Raphaport), 1969; Oliver, 2006). Therefore, the model of spatial organization and its configuration should be investigated in order to understand the relationship between the built spaces and the subsequent cultural design (Napadon, 2001). Dwelling culture (the way of life and manners resulting from it), and social culture (social relations, kinship relations, family structure, etc.) tells how the form and spatial organization of native houses are formed, which explains how architectural designers and planners work. . It deals with the continuity of cultural-social values of native built environments.Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the semiotics in the housing quality section by benefiting from the data evaluation model based on the standard models in a multiple and hierarchical format and with the help of the Space Syntax software, a new reading of the native houses of Mashhad that are narrating. . The effect of lifestyle on the change and continuity of the spatial organization of houses is presented in order to be able to purposefully explain the reading of housing qualities, which can be used to improve the quality of today's housing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - The Relationship of Perceived Tenure Security and Housing Quality in Informal Settlement of Islamabad, Tehran
Hashem Dadash Poor Bahram AlizadehFormation of the informal settlements has become a global challenge in cities especially the ones in developing countries. These settlements encounter problems such as poverty, illegal land occupation, lack of infrastructures, low quality of house and etc. In the MoreFormation of the informal settlements has become a global challenge in cities especially the ones in developing countries. These settlements encounter problems such as poverty, illegal land occupation, lack of infrastructures, low quality of house and etc. In the past few years, informal urban housing, and tenure insecurity have been attracting attention of the many global development organizations like UN_HABITAT, World Bank and so on. As such it leads to a steady stream of academic writings and new initiatives on the subject. Most of them intend to present solutions to solve land occupation security in order to improve living conditions in informal settlements. Recent studies believe that tenure security for low-income settlement dwellers encounter three distinct forms: tenure security as perceived by dwellers, tenure security as a legal construct and de facto tenure security. Nowadays there are two different approaches regarding the tenure security which as follow: traditional and modern approaches. Traditional approaches focus on tenure security more than legal aspect. These consider the occupation security as having title-deed for the official occupancy of a place. Although the modern approach does not negate the possibility that the title can generate tenure security, it argues that the same object can be achieved through different factors which have been called extra-legal and semi legal factors. There exists a distance between the idea of tenure security and the legal concept which has turned it into a social psychology issue. Social psychological approach shows that people’s decisions are often influenced by what they feel about a situation. Survey method is considered as the methodology of this research to achieve an objective and hypotheses test. According to this method, questionnaires was prepared and filled in Islamabad neighborhood. Finally, by using statistical techniques of factor analysis, Cronbach`s Alpha, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regressions, the main analysis of data completed. The social psychological approach is defined in a way which makes the concept of perceived tenure security. Through following these means, the same conception is shown to be composed of the perceived probability of eviction (a thinking state), the fear of eviction (a feeling state) and the lack of support networks, which are separate variables. Within the results there are positive and direct relationship between housing quality and tenure security. Since other factors such as probability of eviction, fear of eviction and lack of support networks affect the perceived occupation security of households, the legal ownership is not the whole tenure Security in the neighborhood of the case study. Among these factors, lack of support networks influence the perceived tenure security of households much more than the other factors. Since informal settlements are key location of the urban poor to live, presumably the monthly income of households plays an essential role in tenure security and housing quality which can affects them. Therefore, it is recommended that the subsequent studies use the households monthly income as controlable variable in their tests in the future. The paper's outcome can be considered as the future studies' basis on the same subject. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The Role of Cultural and Social Implication on the Shape of the Marquee(Case Study: Bakhtiari seachador and Turkmen oey)
Noraldin Pirkhezri Mohammad Sadegh FelahatHuman kind manifested their express and being in the world with the nature of the action and the culture of "home" incorporation, Due to its fundamental shape by the environment, the structure of the "marquee" placed upright. This article argues that by using the concep MoreHuman kind manifested their express and being in the world with the nature of the action and the culture of "home" incorporation, Due to its fundamental shape by the environment, the structure of the "marquee" placed upright. This article argues that by using the concept of semiotics in the realm of "practical aspects" and "syntactic" and "semantic" syndrome with qualitative analysis of field observations and library in the comparative study of two species of marquee with heterogeneous platform, on how the impact of the social and cultural aspect of weight compared to the climate, the functional relationships of causality building materials and technique’s, functionality and demonstration in shape (Signifier) marquees. This research seeks to test the hypothesis that: 1. The shape of home before of "natural causes" effected by the "cultural and social implications" and is followed natural causes and the social and cultural implications. 2. The response of house in the same natural reasons causes the House to unequal results in any "cultural" platform. Researches by using the science of social semiotics of cultural implication in the two aboriginal case study have been extracted and then seeks to explain the implications of the relationship with causality is naturally raised. Signs in the shape of a marquee such as purporting factors of cultural, social backgrounds can be mentioned. In this study, practical aspects (activities of function and behavior) and syntactic and semantic aspects syndrome (associated with the field of cultural and social environment) as a research tools are applied. According to the hypothesis of this research, meanwhile a comparative study of the symptoms (Signifier, the shape of the marquee) has been considered, which signify the concepts (signified) social and cultural and other reviews of samples of different cultural contexts and its impact on making a difference in the slab (Shapes) and compared the effect of natural cause is done that leads to the perception of the concepts and the role of social and cultural implication. Considering the results, it turns out that not only the cultural and ideal "implication" on the establishment figure in the marquee, despite the impact of the tangible natural and functional causes have a role "pivot point" but also beyond that natural causes in the context of any culture in the concept of a "cycle of culture-nature's" refers to a cultural nature. Therefore, no effective natural causality on the shape of the House in its nature, is not a mere natural, but also cultural and social meaning in this cycle. The Compliance of marquee Seachador & Oey in two culturally dissimilar fields and through natural causes (climate, materials and techniques,...) from within the culture has come to the different answers that indicate; (Signifier) is the shape of the tabernacle, the tent of the culture and the form (form, space, structure, process), indicating the platform's culture. Hence, the "signified culture" imply fundamentally on the marquee and the "cycle of culture - nature" expresses natural causes at all rational punctilio in harmony with the role of culture and belief. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Cultural Anthropology, a Mean for Analyzing Forming Factors of Architecture
Shadi Azizi Alireza Delpazir Parisa MoghaddamPost modernism period in architecture, is the period of joining several fields to architecture and having a diverse perspective of it. One of the fields which were mentioned in this joining with architecture, is the cultural anthropology approach toward architecture. Ba MorePost modernism period in architecture, is the period of joining several fields to architecture and having a diverse perspective of it. One of the fields which were mentioned in this joining with architecture, is the cultural anthropology approach toward architecture. Basically, cultural aspect of the architecture is depended on this definition that, culture is the human-built part of the environment. In one state, culture itself is derived from the human’s humanly act and his ecosystem, which in the next state, forms the social behavior and his physical environment. The result of such prospect of the culture, formed an approach called architectural anthropology in 1970’s. This propounded issues in this field such as how culture of different nations and groups of people can form different architectures? And today how can we consciously create an interaction between culture and architecture by realizing this point. Later on, achievement of this scientific branch in architecture created the “architecture without architect” approach by Bernard Rudofsky , and also expanded researches in world’s authentic universities .This resulted into formation of encyclopedias in the field of connection between culture and architecture. In our country, it seems necessary to analyze the cultural anthropology of Iranian architecture for three necessary aspects. Firstly, Iran is one of the worlds few countries which its history of civilization goes back several thousand years before B.C. It has rich architecture and culture which worth analyzing. Secondly, is that until now, basic researches on relations of architecture and culture has been very limited. This causes the lack of cultural richness in architectural designs. Finally, in today’s globalization issue, only countries with cultural representations and figures in their architecture can be in connection with whole world in cultural and economical field. Because of points mentioned above, firstly this paper is about to answer this question, from the cultural anthropology aspect of architecture, what kind of relation does culture have with architecture and its formation. At first, the aim of this paper is to achieve a model for analyzing the relation between culture and architecture from the cultural anthropology aspect until now. Second, this paper uses this model in the context of Iranian culture and architecture to analyze the relation of nature and the architecture of Iranian houses and its cultural aspects. At this part, this paper is about to answer this question, was the use of nature and natural elements in Iranian houses only an answer to climate or it’s something above this and has origins in Iranian culture. The researching method used in this paper is qualitative and descriptive. The results shows that cultural anthropology, identifies cultural factors as basic factors of forming architecture and also provides a context to analyze different social-cultural variables together. The example of this point can be seen in the relation of architecture and nature in Iranian house, in which nature firstly was an answer to cultural demands of people. In other words, culture was a determining factor and climate was the effective factor in formation of Iranian houses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Typology of Ghajar Era House in Isfahan
maryam Ghasemi sichani Gholamhossein MemareyanNowadays hundreds of outstanding Ghajar houses exist in Isfahan. Investigations indicate that in spite of their shape, variety and distinctive features, no serious study has been carried out about them. Whereas with regard to the special conditions of this city as far a MoreNowadays hundreds of outstanding Ghajar houses exist in Isfahan. Investigations indicate that in spite of their shape, variety and distinctive features, no serious study has been carried out about them. Whereas with regard to the special conditions of this city as far as age, political importance, the existence of special quarters for various religious sects in the past, and due to their being vulnerable because of changes in life styles, variety ofowners, migration; and on the whole, losing its attractions for present-day life, a study of Isfahan houses is essential. The research method which is used in this study is combinatory. It is considerable at the results of this study that Isfahan houses have mostly been built with an introvert inclination and architectural specifications of a semi-arid and warm climate; and that they can be divided into three types; based on their architectural space features, structure and decorations. Type one includes those which are built in early days of Ghajar dynasty. These houses are veryintrovert and similar to those which has built during the Safavid era. The central hall is usually cross-shaped with a dome ceiling and a height of two floors.The adjacent rooms can be made possible through two lateral located halls. The skyline is horizontal, the yard is as a complete rectangle, the rooms are usually rectangular and acute angles are used in the façade. The doors and windows have two parts with a wooden horizontal dual between them. The stairs and vertical passageways are incosiderable. Type two Includes those which are built during the second half of Ghajar Era. The most important historical feature of this era is the beginning of extensive and unilateral effects of western art and architecture on Iran; This is accompanied by a mixture of traditional architecture and European classical architecture. These effects are initially noticed in decorations. In this era semi-circular arches, European style, and realistic frescoes were greatly common. Posters, pictures, and wall-paper were used in decorating the interior partsof houses. Very fine and delicate Bote' Jegheh shapes were used to decorate halls, windows and flower-pots. Nice hallways were among artistic masterpieces andusing colored glass prevailed in this era. In this period more attention was paid on the yard façade. The prevalence of wooden ceilings instead of traditional ceilings was impressed by west and the possibility of faster implementation was the most important development in structures of Isfahan traditional houseswith more decorative variety. Type three includes a house with patterns grown out of mountainous regions and is one consisting of a winter section and a summer section on top of each other. This type is under the effect of Bakhtiari rulers of Isfahan and symbols of foreigner`s tastes. Moreover, the construction of a porch in front of the main front of the building and higher elevation of the main front from the ground, alteration of the basement to the ground floor, alteration of the skyline to a curve or triangle, and stairs gained importance were some of the most effective factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Proposing a New Approach to Optimize the Windcatcher's Performance
Mansoureh Tahbaz مونا محتاج Atefeh Dehghan Touran PoshtiHot and humid climate is one of the robust climates in the world. Vernacular architecture in this area answer to climate conditions with solutions, one of these solutions are windcatchers. Nowadays most of these windcatchers are closed because they are not responsive to MoreHot and humid climate is one of the robust climates in the world. Vernacular architecture in this area answer to climate conditions with solutions, one of these solutions are windcatchers. Nowadays most of these windcatchers are closed because they are not responsive to current thermal comfort conditions. The reduction of wind speed and the lack of control over the entering hot weather can be considered as two main weaknesses of the windcatchers in these areas. This research suggested to install Damper and Fan to improve the performance of windcatchers in vernacular houses of Bandar-Kong. five windcatchers have been selected as case studies and their performance has been simulated and measured in 24 different modes: open windcatcher (past method), closed windcatcher (current state), windcatcher with valve and windcatcher with fan are four general modes wich are divided to 6 subset. Design Builder 7.0.0.116 is used for simulations. operative temperature is calculated for each space in 24 different modes. The results show that using fan and damper, increase thermal comfort hours from about 43 to 52 percent. Besides using fans and dampers can obviously reduce temperatures over 35degrees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Light Processing in Iranian Houses; Manifestation of Meanings and Concepts
Farah Habib Fariba Alborzi Iraj Etessam -
Open Access Article
20 - Recognition the Sociological and Architectural Components based on Geographical Segmentation Technique by Value-normative Paradigm
Mobina Rouhi Darab Diba Naser Fakouhi -
Open Access Article
21 - Historical Evolution of Qajar House of Baqeri in Gorgan
Behnam Qelichkhani -
Open Access Article
22 - Vernacular houses in Yazd: Natural elements
Nafise Afshari Basir Farah Habib Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani -
Open Access Article
23 - A Study of Ingredients Affecting the Private Sectures Inclination Towards Housing Supply
Mohammad Mehdi Heidari Hamid Majedi -
Open Access Article
24 - Marital Status and Crowding Intensity (The Case of Multifamily Apartments in Lagos, Nigeria)
Anthony Iweka -
Open Access Article
25 - The Role of Garden and Courtyard in Organizing the Space of Aristocratic Houses in Tehran during Qajar’s Era
Maryam Armaghan Hossein Soltanzadeh Homa Irani Behbahani -
Open Access Article
26 - Secrets of Light in Traditional Houses of Iran
Vida Makani Arezu Khorram Zahra Ahmadipur -
Open Access Article
27 - An Evaluation of Zendeveri (Lifelikeness) in the Architecture of Imam Jome’eh House in Isfahan
Houtan Iravani Farideh Salehi neda zamani Elnaz Hashemi -
Open Access Article
28 - Quality Analysis and Typology Assessment of Traditional Settlements in Tabriz
Mehrnaz Boudagh Parvin Ghaemmaghami Farah Habib -
Open Access Article
29 - Architectural Objectives in Tropical Climates (Comparing Climatic Patterns in Vernacular Houses of Bandar-e-Lenge and Dezful)
Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani Niloufar Nikghadam -
Open Access Article
30 - Reading The Role of Yard in House
fahimeh padash Mehdi Kamel Abadi -
Open Access Article
31 - Reading a Home: An Application of Rapoport's Viewpoint in Iranian Architecture Studies
Ali Akbar Heidari Parisa Mohammad Hoseini Nazgol Behdadfar -
Open Access Article
32 - Endogenous Development; an Alternative for De-escalation of Identity Crisis among Iranian Women and Their Houses
Masoomeh Yaghoobi Sangherchi Seyed Gholamreza Islami -
Open Access Article
33 - J−HOUSEHOLDER MATRICES AND CONDENSED FORMS
Mojtaba GhasemiAbstract. The main concept in this paper is the notion of the J-Householder matrix and its main applications. From these cases are the achievement to QR-decomposition, where Q is a J-Orthogonal matrix and R is an upper triangular matrix and reduction to the Hessenberg f MoreAbstract. The main concept in this paper is the notion of the J-Householder matrix and its main applications. From these cases are the achievement to QR-decomposition, where Q is a J-Orthogonal matrix and R is an upper triangular matrix and reduction to the Hessenberg form and the tridiagonal form, for J-symmetric matrices.The reduction problem to condensed forms of triangular, Hessenberg and tridiagonal is one of the important problem in the numerical linear algebra. It is thestructures of these condensed forms that are exploited in the solution of the reduced problem. For example, as we have seen in [2], [3],[7], [8], [6], [9] and [10], thesolution of the linear system Ax = b is usually obtained by first triangularizing thematrix A and then solving an equivalent triangular system. In [8], for reductionto a condensed form, the concept of J−unitary similarity is used, while in the restis used in the ordinary sense. In eigenvalue computations, the matrix A is transformed to a Hessenberg form befor applying the QR iterations. In [1], for reductionto a condensed form, the concept of J−unitary similarity is used. These condensedforms are Householder transformations and mybe J−Householder transformations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Utility of Ranking Warehouse Candidates in Workshop Locations Using UTAStar
M. Ehsanifar F. Hossein zadeh lotfiAlthough the importance of locating in manufacturing and service companies is not a new issue, one of significance applications is to determine the appropriate location for warehouses in manufacturing workshops warehouses to the maintenance of materials or products. In MoreAlthough the importance of locating in manufacturing and service companies is not a new issue, one of significance applications is to determine the appropriate location for warehouses in manufacturing workshops warehouses to the maintenance of materials or products. In any organizations, Finding the suitable site for warehouses establishments to increase customer service and efficiency is one of the most important and costly issues. The warehouse location is the main decision and structurally multi-criteria that includes quantitative and qualitative objectives. In this study, we apply an MADM technique to achieve the primary ranking for the proposed and potential warehouse locations of the company, and then put them as the input of the UTAStar, which is a new and more practical to inference utility functions from past decision data. We will investigate the utility of the results and define the desirability of ranked options for evaluating and selecting of warehouse space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - The fundamental distinctions between warehouse receipts and specific commercial documents
Naeim Alinaghi Ismaeil Abbasi mahdi montazer Morteza Shahbazinia heydar hassanzadehCommercial documents have their own unique features due to their various functions. The warehouse bill is included in the general concept of commercial documents. What are the fundamental differences between the above-mentioned document and commercial documents, in part MoreCommercial documents have their own unique features due to their various functions. The warehouse bill is included in the general concept of commercial documents. What are the fundamental differences between the above-mentioned document and commercial documents, in particular, is an issue that has been addressed in this article using the analytical-descriptive method. Specific Commercial documents include bills of exchange, promissory notes and cheque, which have some similarities with warehouse receipts in terms of efficiency and temporary characteristic. Endorsement, joint responsibility of the payers is among these features. In addition, one of the most important fundamental differences between this document and other commercial documents is in the stage of creating the document. The warehouse bill submitted to the owners of the goods in a special and printed form. The most obvious difference between a bill of exchange, promissory note and cheque with a general warehouse bill is the demanding, which means that in case of non-acceptance of the bill of exchange (default) by the promissory note or non-payment of the amount stated in the bill of exchange by the accepting promissory note, a default protest or non-payment protest will be set up, and there are many advantages in organizing this protest. Another fundamental difference in criminal prosecution is the issuer of the cheque, which is not present in the warehouse bill. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Recognition and functioning of warehouse receipt in Iran’s law and comparing with US Uniform Commercial Code
Naeim Alinaghi Ismaeil Abbasi mahdi montazer Morteza Shahbazinia heydar hassanzadehRecognition and functioning of warehouse receipt is one of the legal issues that was not studied in Iran’s law. Therefore, in this article firstly recognition and legal nature of warehouse receipt and secondly functioning of this instrument in Iran’s and US MoreRecognition and functioning of warehouse receipt is one of the legal issues that was not studied in Iran’s law. Therefore, in this article firstly recognition and legal nature of warehouse receipt and secondly functioning of this instrument in Iran’s and US law were considered. Historically, warehouse receipt has entered in Iranian law’s litreture since 1961. Although, merchants have used aforesaid instrument prior sch time. In Iran’s law, this instrument has the collateral role. After submission of the commodity to the public warehouse, stockman is obliged to issue the warehouse receipt. This instrument is the proof of title of the commodity and it could be trasfered to the third party through endorsement. In Federal legal system and US Uniform Commercial Code, this instrument has the collateral, endorsable and bearing role. Warehouse owner may select one of the Federal and/or state regulation. In local level, it is possible not to meet unified procedure in warehouse receipt issue. Although, several states supervise on warehouse directly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The estimation of residential Demand with Hedonic Model (Case study of Ghaemshahr city)
احمد جعفری صمیمی شهریار زروکی حسین اعتصامیHeterogeneous commodity residential units that has several dimensions, and is characteristic. Demand for residential units with regard to each dimension and its features can be ranked. This study using Hedonic method, each value specifies attributes. MoreHeterogeneous commodity residential units that has several dimensions, and is characteristic. Demand for residential units with regard to each dimension and its features can be ranked. This study using Hedonic method, each value specifies attributes. Hedonic model in this study using a cross-sectional data in 1387 as a field in which the city has been collecting Ghaemshahr and the place features, and physical environment of residential units has been estimated. Based on the results, the most important factors affecting the value of the land area of residential units. Under the surface, number of bedrooms, distance from residential units downtown, the distance from the main street of residential units, residential unit distance from the park and green space is. The demand functions for each of the specifications in terms of household income, age and number of people in households headed households, respectively. The results show that, for the income elasticity for all parameters is smaller than a interactively highest and lowest income elasticity related to the level of infrastructure is the number of bedrooms. Traction coefficient of land area, below the level and number of bedrooms than the number of people in the household is positive and significant, and this proves that if the number of people in a household will increase the demand for residential units with an area of land, infrastructure and level Number of bedrooms above goes further. The surface tension coefficient of infrastructure and the number of bedrooms than age households is positive and significant, and indicate that whatever age households exceeds his desire to have more residential units with an area above ground level and the number of building more rooms Sleep is more. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Socioeconomic Status of the Fishing Households: Insight from Some Selected Coastal Area of Bangladesh
Md Asaduzzaman Shahali Shahana Mitul Kudrat Jahan -
Open Access Article
39 - The Effect of Elder Iranians' Socioeconomic and Health Status on their Position in Family
Bagher Saroukhani Mina Gharib -
Open Access Article
40 - Narrative Analysis of the Quality of Life of Female-Headed Households in the 19th District of Tehran in 2020
Sepideh Ahmadi Amirmasoud Amirmazaheri Majid Saffarinia -
Open Access Article
41 - The Socio-demographic Characteristics Associated with Food Insecurity among Vulnerable Households in a District of Tehran
Mahmoud Ghazi Tabatabaei Nasrin Omidvar Jamileh Alihosseini Abouali Vedadhir -
Open Access Article
42 - Gender and Reduction of Poverty in Iran
Tahereh Mirsardoo Kristin Soraya Batmanghelichi -
Open Access Article
43 - مطالعه وضعیت زنان سرپرست خانوار در بلایای طبیعی : (زلزله 1396 کرمانشاه )
Shayesteh Karamkhani Alieh Shekarbeygi Ehsan Rahmani Khalili -
Open Access Article
44 - Identifying Individual Barriers and Development Pattern of Rural Household Jobs with Emphasis on Eastern Regions of Golestan Province
Marzieh Bazrafshan Isa Hassanzadeh Alireza Esmaeeli -
Open Access Article
45 - Contribution of Educational Costs of Government and Household in Human Development of Iran
shaghayegh sanatgaran shiva parvaei shahla kazemipourIn this research, it has been investigated the relationship of educational cost of government and household with the human development of Iran in 1990-2015. Methodology of this research is documentary and secondary data analysis. It has been derived an amount of HDI fro MoreIn this research, it has been investigated the relationship of educational cost of government and household with the human development of Iran in 1990-2015. Methodology of this research is documentary and secondary data analysis. It has been derived an amount of HDI from the UNDP site, data concerning the government’s costs on the education, health, welfare and social security and economic affairs have been derived from the Budget Acts, and household cost data from the statistical calendar. Data analysis and modeling have been generalized by the method of GMM and production function of Cobb-Douglas, and they have been estimated by data from 1990 to 2015. Findings show that governmental costs on the education and health, rural household education and urban household health have a positive effect on HDI, government costs on the welfare and economic affairs and urban household education cost have a negative effect on HDI and rural household health cost has not any effect on HDI. Although, it is expected to increase the educational costs has a direct effect on increasing the human development, but limitation of budget and inefficient management are led to lose resources and have an inverse effect on the human development. To change priorities in allocating more budget on the education and health, rather than welfare and social security, to evaluate and assess national and regional needs in order to attain the economic programs, to make education qualitative and to further achieve villagers to the health facilities allow to increase the human development index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - "Social support in Kermanshah earthquake" Based on the lived experience of the female-headed households
Shayesteh Karamkhani Alieh ShekarbeygiSocial support is one of the important components of empowerment to solve the problems of the female-headed households in different life situations. the female-headed households are one of the socially vulnerable groups in natural disasters and how they deal with them h MoreSocial support is one of the important components of empowerment to solve the problems of the female-headed households in different life situations. the female-headed households are one of the socially vulnerable groups in natural disasters and how they deal with them has a lot to do with the components of empowerment. The aim of this study was to describe the experience of the female-headed households in social support in earthquakes.The methodology of qualitative research is the method of contextual theory. Data were collected by field method through theoretical sampling and in-depth interviews with 15 the female-headed households in the eight earthquake-stricken areas of Kermanshah to the extent of theoretical saturation. In this study, in order to measure accuracy, the criterion of "reliability and reliability" and the technique of "triangulation" were used. From data analysis, 987 primary open source, 150 secondary concepts, 41 central categories and 8 final major categories including: "transient and cross-sectional", "personal supporters", "instrumental use", "hard life events", "loneliness" And fear "," feeling of abandonment and pessimism "," injustice and discrimination "," feeling of helplessness "and the central concept of" social support; perceived priority of life "were extracted. The results show" social support "as" priority ". "Perceived life" is interpreted by the participants, which if ignored, will have irreparable consequences. Have a great impact on their ability to deal with natural disasters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The role of social values in the architectural structure of houses of the Qajar period of Yazd from the perspective of the Quran
Pantea Baghdadi Abolghasem Dadvar maryam sabetiIntroduction: Architectural design of traditional Iranian houses is influenced by various factors such as religion, culture, geographical and social characteristics. In the meantime, paying attention to moral and social values and principles derived from the rules of Is MoreIntroduction: Architectural design of traditional Iranian houses is influenced by various factors such as religion, culture, geographical and social characteristics. In the meantime, paying attention to moral and social values and principles derived from the rules of Islam has led to the spiritual and relaxing functions of traditional places. This research investigates the role of social values in the architectural structure of traditional Qajar houses in Yazd from the perspective of the Quran, and its purpose is to analyze the objective manifestation of these characteristics in the architectural structure of these houses.Research method: The type of research was descriptive-analytical, which was first extracted through library research methods, concepts related to the subject from the books of some experts, thinkers, Islamic verses and traditions, then the role of social values in the architectural structure of traditional houses was discussed and interpreted.Results: The results of the research show that social values from the perspective of the Quran are considered in the architecture of traditional houses, and people take examples from the Quranic verses and Islamic traditions in this case, and its effects are in the form of respect for privacy, the importance of hospitality, the rights of neighbors, avoiding extravagance and Observance of contentment, lack of nobles, discipline and observance of hygiene have been manifested.Conclusion: The results show that the characteristics and values of Islam are well shown in the Islamic Iranian houses, and besides the practical features, it also provides the beauty and naturalness of the building materials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Family Structure and its Effects on Senior Citizens’ Status
Bagher Saroukhani Mina Gharib -
Open Access Article
49 - A Criticism on Depriving Wife of Inheritance from the Land (Considering Article 946 of the Iranian Civil Law)
Mohammad Ali KhayrollahiIt is quite well-known that contemporary jurists believe that wifeinherits neither from the land nor from its price. Considering that fatwa,the article 946 of the Iranian civil law declares that husband inheritsfrom all parts of wife’s property while wife inherits MoreIt is quite well-known that contemporary jurists believe that wifeinherits neither from the land nor from its price. Considering that fatwa,the article 946 of the Iranian civil law declares that husband inheritsfrom all parts of wife’s property while wife inherits only from thefollowing: 1. Movable properties, and 2. buildings and trees. As can beseen in that article, wife is deprived of inheritance from the land. Aglance at juristic books, however, clearly indicates that the said theoryis merely one perspective and a good number of jurists have rejected itfrom early times. The present essay deals with the analysis and surveyof those perspectives. Considering the Quranic verse and all traditionsconcerning it as well as opinions of various jurists, we would concludethat if the wife has a child from her husband she will inherit from theprice of the land in addition to the price of movable properties on thebasis of her share, i.e. the eighth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - An analysis of the flexibility of open residential spaces with emphasis on landscape elements (Case study: Araki House)
Leila Fatahi Mihammadreza Bemanian HamidReza SaremiToday, the rapid growth of Iranian cities in recent decades has quantitatively neglected them in terms of the quality of the yard and open space, this situation has minimized the comfort and quality of homes, today due to the progress made In the field of technology, it MoreToday, the rapid growth of Iranian cities in recent decades has quantitatively neglected them in terms of the quality of the yard and open space, this situation has minimized the comfort and quality of homes, today due to the progress made In the field of technology, it is possible to create a flexible architecture that adapts to the changes, an architecture that adapts to the changing needs of its residents. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical to study and analyze houses built in the Qajar and Pahlavi periods in Arak and find common features related to plant species, water and body structure and landscape elements in the yard in order to create flexibility. Pays outdoors. In traditional Iranian houses, the connection of areas such as energy saving, landscaping and flexibility, etc. has been done, which in recent decades has been raised as a concern of scientists and architects as a fundamental and critical issue in the present world. The results show that the courtyards of ancient houses in Arak have a single structural pattern as well as landscaping elements and vegetation. This study tries to test the efficiency of landscape components in the open space of houses and based on modeling and retrieving the principles and factors of landscaping to find a suitable solution to enhance the flexibility of today's open architecture Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - An analysis of key factors in the visual quality of the walls of residential buildings in the Qajar period of Tabriz
Arezou Mirzaei Asadollah shafizadeh Aynour naseri Naserianalyzing the visual quality of the walls of residential buildings in Qajar houses in Tabriz. The method used in the present study is descriptive, analytical and exploratory and its approach is documentary and survey. In the present study, in order to analyze the data, Moreanalyzing the visual quality of the walls of residential buildings in Qajar houses in Tabriz. The method used in the present study is descriptive, analytical and exploratory and its approach is documentary and survey. In the present study, in order to analyze the data, the method of structural studies in the form of Mick Mac software has been used to identify the key factors of the system. In this regard, 50 experts in the field of architecture of historical monuments and cultural heritage were used to weigh the indicators. Based on the results, 10 factors of architectural creativity, the presence of visual richness in the building facade, unity of elements, visual proportions of the facade, balance-rhythm-similarity-symmetry-homogeneity, the proportion of visual elements, the degree of balance, hierarchy , The degree of attention to visual beauty and the existence of hierarchy between different scales were identified as key factors influencing the system. Also 10 very influential components of the system including psychological perception of beauty, the presence of visual richness in the building facade, the amount of visual attraction, beauty and fit of doors and windows, unity and harmony, fit and continuity of the building, the fit of architecture in the facade Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Evaluation of Mehr housing project from the perspective of residents Case Study: Seals city city of Dezful
alireza sayafzade nahid paybandThis study aimed to assess the situation from the perspective of the residents of the housing projects. This study applied research, descriptive study was done by field. Research tools to assess the situation Mehr housing project questionnaire was used. Also, to assess MoreThis study aimed to assess the situation from the perspective of the residents of the housing projects. This study applied research, descriptive study was done by field. Research tools to assess the situation Mehr housing project questionnaire was used. Also, to assess the reliability of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to calculate the value of this ratio to 83% of questionnaires that are indicative of reliability. Data analysis was performed using the software spss19. The results showed that the factors and indicators used to measure and assess the Mehr housing project in the city of Dezful four factors were identified. This indicator allows agents to economic, environmental and social - cultural respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - A Cultural Analysis of the Residential Architecture of the Kurdish People with an Emphasis on the Role of Space (A Case Study of Traditional Houses in Mukrian ( Sardasht))
Elham Rashidzadeh Arsalan Tahmasbi Foad HabibiHousing is an important form of the social organization of space and its shape is affected by factors such as cultural characteristics. The main purpose of this research is to study and analyze the architectural features, patterns of architectural space and how it is or MoreHousing is an important form of the social organization of space and its shape is affected by factors such as cultural characteristics. The main purpose of this research is to study and analyze the architectural features, patterns of architectural space and how it is organized in the residential architecture of Kurdish Mukrian, in order to recognize the architecture of these areas from a cultural point of view. The theoretical section of the study relies on the descriptive-analytical methodology and the practical section is based a survey on the form of traditional houses in the Kurdish-inhabited region of Mukrian. The results of this study indicate that traditional houses in this region generally follow ‘linear’, ‘L-shaped’ or ‘U-shaped’ patterns, and the number of wives in a house is of great importance in how space is organized. The results of the study are presented in detail in tables, where the hidden layers of culture(Mukrian Kurdish culture) in relation to the shape of houses have been identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Analysis of influential social components in the architectural spatial arrangement Vernacular houses in the villages of Sarab city
Mohammad Golmohammadi Mohammad Edalatkhah Akbar Abdolahzadeh TarafThe present study was written with an applied-developmental goal according to the descriptive-analytical research method. After statistical and quantitative analysis to identify strategies, the qualitative method was used in accordance with the combination-chain method. MoreThe present study was written with an applied-developmental goal according to the descriptive-analytical research method. After statistical and quantitative analysis to identify strategies, the qualitative method was used in accordance with the combination-chain method. Field studies were conducted with purposeful interviews, preparation of plans and imaging. The researcher-made questionnaire was sent to the statistical community in two stages. After collecting the questionnaires, using fuzzy Delphi technique, it was confirmed in two steps. Then, by modeling structural equations in SmartPLS software, the significance of the criteria was confirmed. Then, with BWM model, the criteria were ranked in SPSS and Matlab software. As a result, the security factor with a score of 0.436 was ranked first, the spatial privacy factor with a score of 0.321 was ranked second, and the existence of necessary facilities for social interactions with a score of 0.243 was ranked third. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Cities, The World Greenhouse
زهره FaniCities are contaminator with over consumption. Because of this situation, they aresubjected to many ecologic dangers and pressures. Therefore they distinct as unevenand unequal places; This process far away them from sustainable eco-city. This papersearch and study sust MoreCities are contaminator with over consumption. Because of this situation, they aresubjected to many ecologic dangers and pressures. Therefore they distinct as unevenand unequal places; This process far away them from sustainable eco-city. This papersearch and study sustainable eco-cities; the ways of structural reforms in the diseasedcities for instance; Limits of physical growth, Demanding Health, Transport and size –shape of cities, Food, Water and Waste.The World Bank was pronouncing that sustainable urban development and ecocityhave conditions as follow:-The livable;-The efficient local management;-Be able to competition;-The prosperity from bank credits;. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The study of socio-economic characteristics of the rural women and their contribution in the household income. Case study: The rural women of Divandareh town
M.S AliyayiBesides their responsibilities in the family institution as a mother and wife, the Iranian women play important roles in the economic affairs and in the rural regions in the production affairs as well. Amid this situation, the role of rural women in the production and a MoreBesides their responsibilities in the family institution as a mother and wife, the Iranian women play important roles in the economic affairs and in the rural regions in the production affairs as well. Amid this situation, the role of rural women in the production and agricultural activities including plantation, harvesting, animal husbandry and gardening are more noticeable. Furthermore, the role which they play in the family's responsibilities is considerable and perhaps it is more than that of the urban women. In this article, the socio-economic characteristics of the women in the rural areas of Divandareh town and their share in the family income with regard to the value of the labor force being produced by them in the production activities have been reviewed. Using a survey method, this study selected 177 sample households on the basis of random sampling out of four various rural districts. Moreover, the collection data was performed by using questionnaire technique and oral interviews. The finding of this research shows that there is a meaningful co-efficiency between the variable of the women's' labor force value and their share in the household income. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The Influence of Urban Management on Improving Children’s Social Skill (A Case Study: Toy Houses of Tehran)
سید جمال الدین طبیبی ربابه نوری قاسم آبادی فاطمه مرادیLaunching the toy houses over the city of Tehran is one of thebasic efforts of urban management. The purpose of establishment of toyhouses is training the different social and individual skills through play and toythus, evaluating the effectiveness of these centers is s MoreLaunching the toy houses over the city of Tehran is one of thebasic efforts of urban management. The purpose of establishment of toyhouses is training the different social and individual skills through play and toythus, evaluating the effectiveness of these centers is significantlyimportant.This research aimed at studying the influence of toy house’sperformance on children’s social skill development over the 22 districts ofTehran.Methods: This research is a semi – empirical study (experimental group andcontrol group).Children who have used toy house’s services are experimentalgroup and those who have not used toy house’s services are control group.Statistical community in this study are children who call on toy houses inTehran (children 3 to 7 years old) and 500 children was selected as studysample and the obtained data was analyzed by the covariance analysis method.Result: Toy houses had a significant effect on the children’s social skilldevelopment. In relation to subsidiary hypothesis, toy houses have significantimpact on children’s verbal and nonverbal social relations. Also, about theimpact of toy houses regarding sex and age groups, the results indicate thatthere is no difference between the impact of toy houses services and theincrease of the social skill group by separation of boys and girls. Furthermore,the interaction between both sexes and the groups was found non- significantand thus the sex variable does not have the role of modifier. In relation to ageand the impact of toy house services on increase of the social relationdevelopment rate, there is no difference between 3-5 and 5-7 years old.However, the impact of age and group’s interaction is significant as a result;the variable of age has a modifier role.Conclusion: It can be expressed toy houses play an important effect on thechildren‘s social skills and essential projects like this will show itseffectiveness in the future. Paying attention to children and investing on thisbasic age group will be doubtlessly useful for the future of the city andcitizen’s physical and emotional health. For achieving more qualitative results,more longitudinal researches and pursuing children’s social development overtime is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Evaluation of the Performance of Durable and Safe Houses Affiliated to Tehran Municipality in Order to Promote Community-Oriented Participation of Citizens in Crises
shahin Mozaffari Morteza shafiee Hamid Mamoodian AtaAbadiIntroduction and purpose: It is not possible to implement comprehensive programs in the field of crisis management without the conscious participation of citizens, and it is necessary to plan with institutional capacity building and their empowerment in crises. In this MoreIntroduction and purpose: It is not possible to implement comprehensive programs in the field of crisis management without the conscious participation of citizens, and it is necessary to plan with institutional capacity building and their empowerment in crises. In this regard, Tehran Municipality has started a popular and voluntary organization in the neighborhood house with the title of Durability and Safety House, so the purpose of this research is to provide a mathematical model to evaluate the performance of these Durability and Safety Houses affiliated with Tehran Municipality in order to promote community-oriented participation of citizens in crises. Method: The research method used in this research is applied in nature and its method is contextual-case. Also, a combination of two field and library methods has been used to collect data. In line with data analysis, the mathematical model of Rough Data Envelopment analysis has been used. Also, the statistical population of this research, in terms of examining the efficiency of durable and safe houses, includes 22 durable and safe houses, and in terms of determining the effective indicators in their selection, it includes 55 experts in crisis matters, and due to the limited nature of the society, all members of the society were considered as a statistical sample. Findings: The findings indicate that among the 22 durability and safety houses investigated, 11 areas are efficient and the rest are ineffective. Conclusion: Considering the central role of durability and safety houses and the participation of citizens in preventing the occurrence of crises, the need to stabilize and measure their performance and efficiency is of great importance. In this regard, it is necessary for the municipalities to cooperate as much as possible with the citizens and formulate coherent plans and implement them in durable and safe houses in order to reduce the scope of the crisis during and after it occurs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Modeling the Factors Affecting Rural Households’ Food Security in Zanjan County
Akram Jozi Leila Safa Nafiseh SalahimoghadamThe main objective of this research was modeling the factors affecting rural households’ food security in Zanjan County. The statistical population of the current research was 25864 rural household heads in Zanjan County which based on Bartlett et al. (2001) formu MoreThe main objective of this research was modeling the factors affecting rural households’ food security in Zanjan County. The statistical population of the current research was 25864 rural household heads in Zanjan County which based on Bartlett et al. (2001) formula, 353 of them were selected using a two-stage sampling method. A questionnaire was used for data collection. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts and as well as the construct validity and the reliability of the questionnaire were obtained after making necessary corrections. The collected data were analyzed using SPSSWin22 and Smart PLS3 software. The descriptive results of the research showed that most of the surveyed respondents (more than two thirds) were in severe food insecurity situation. Moreover, the results of structural equation modeling revealed that each of five factors of economic, policy-regulatory, educational-information, family and geographical had positive and significant effects on rural household heads’ food security level and explained about 57.9 percent of variances in the dependent variable. However, the relationship between social factors and the food security level was not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Identifying the empowering components of greenhouse activists with an emphasis on the role of the pillars of the knowledge and information system of agriculture using the phenomenological approach (a case study of Razavi Khorasan Province)
Samira Adib Asadollah Zamanipour Seyed Mahmoud HoseiniOne of the most important strategies offered for agricultural development is the empowerment and participation of farmers and greenhouse owners in various dimensions. Undoubtedly, the activities of the pillars of the agricultural knowledge and information system can pla MoreOne of the most important strategies offered for agricultural development is the empowerment and participation of farmers and greenhouse owners in various dimensions. Undoubtedly, the activities of the pillars of the agricultural knowledge and information system can play a significant role in this empowerment. Considering the importance of the topic, the present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the components of the empowerment of greenhouse workers, emphasizing the role of the pillars of the agricultural knowledge and information system, using the phenomenological approach in Razavi Khorasan province. The statistical population of the research consists of agricultural Jihad experts, academic experts, private sector experts and managers of greenhouses in Razavi Khorasan province. Informed people were collected by snowball method and data were collected by in-depth interview and direct observation. Data analysis was done based on Claysey's model. The initial coding process was done by identifying the evidence from the written interviews for 30 interviews, and the result of this step is the identification of 149 primary codes. In the second stage, 21 formulated meanings were obtained, and by categorizing them, the research theme, which is the factors affecting the empowerment of greenhouse owners, was identified. As a result of the analysis of the findings, six main themes of the achievements and consequences of the agricultural knowledge and information system with emphasis on the ability of greenhouse farmers, drivers, strategies and strategies, moderating conditions (supportive and supportive policies), background conditions, Achievements and consequences were obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Impacts of climate change adaptation strategies on smallholder farmers food security
saeede sadat ebrahimi farhad lashgarara seyed mahdi mirdamadi maryam omidi najaf abadiThus, this study was done to investigate the impacts of climate change adaptation strategies on smallholder household food security among horticultural crop farmers. 456 farmers were selected through stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was utilized for data coll MoreThus, this study was done to investigate the impacts of climate change adaptation strategies on smallholder household food security among horticultural crop farmers. 456 farmers were selected through stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was utilized for data collection consisting of four sections. Data were analyzed with structural equation modeling using Smart-PLS 3.0. 89 percent of households were anxious and uncertain about food supply, 76 percent were households with insufficient food quality, and 71 percent did experience the inadequate quantity of food intake and its physical consequences. Also, farming and non-farming strategies had a positive and significant impact on the role of farmers in adapting to climate change, while infrastructure and support strategies had a significant impact on the role of government and rural institutions in adapting to climate change. In addition, the effect of the role of farmers and the role of government and rural institutions in improving the dimensions of food security was positive and significant, but only in relation to the role of farmers on food consumption was not observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Vulnerability of rural households in Fars province to food insecurity Due to drought
Nosaha Nahid Farhad Lashgarara Lashgarara Seyed Jamal Farajolah Hosseini seyed Mehdi MirdamadiClimate change and drought have greatly affected the vulnerability of rural households. This study aimed to Analyzing the vulnerability of rural households in Fars province of Iran for food insecurity under drought and also analyzing their adaptive responses to drought MoreClimate change and drought have greatly affected the vulnerability of rural households. This study aimed to Analyzing the vulnerability of rural households in Fars province of Iran for food insecurity under drought and also analyzing their adaptive responses to drought in terms of attitude and action. It was a survey research and data was collected from a sample of population based on the stratified random sampling. The sample population was 270 respondents from Fars Province by using Shaffer formula. The data was analyzed by using SPSS and AMOS software. Based on the results, the vulnerability of rural households in Fars province to drought is above average, which sensitivity factor has the highest effect on vulnerability of rural households. Also, the results of the study showed that the most effective adaptation strategies to reduce of drought Consequences are significantly dependent on government support. However, less vulnerable households have more strategic options for coping with the consequences of drought. Cluster analysis indicated that based on the two groups of respondents with the low and high vulnerability that According to it, the studied rural households were compared in terms of some characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - The Impact of Educational Factors inApplication Biological Control in Greenhouse products from consumer’s point of view
یحیی Ostadi Gh Yavari محمود Shojaei S.M Mirdamadi M.A Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
64 - Designing a Model for Economic Empowerment of Female Heads of Households in Ilam Province
masomeh jamshidi Hossein MehdizadehFemale head of household as the poorest person is one of the most vulnerable sectors of society, accounting for a significant percentage of the population. They are particularly important in development planning because of the role and importance of family livelihoods. MoreFemale head of household as the poorest person is one of the most vulnerable sectors of society, accounting for a significant percentage of the population. They are particularly important in development planning because of the role and importance of family livelihoods. Empowerment and promotion of the quantitative and qualitative level of their lives can provide grounds for poverty reduction, reduction of gender inequality, expansion of economic independence of households, and so on. The purpose of this study was to design a model of economic empowerment of women Heads of Households in Ilam province, using a case study method. The statistical population of the study is experts in the field of empowerment of women in different departments and organizations of the province. Using theoretical sampling, 28 experts were selected and the data were extracted through in-depth interviews with the aforementioned experts to achieve theoretical saturation. To analyze the obtained qualitative information, the grounded theory method has been used. The results showed that 43 concepts were obtained through open encoding, 7 axial categories by axial encoding and a nuclear category through selective encoding. The results also showed that the experts identified the new semantic of the economic empowerment of female headed households is in modifying and changing the traditional model of women's empowerment, and moving towards the completion of the value chain and identifying the underlying circles in order to achieve a new plan for the organization of home-based job and entrepreneurship Families, specially female heads of households. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Explaining the Distinctive Professional Competencies Performance of Greenhouse Managers Production units in Southern Khorasan Province
Mohammad Motamedi Koroush roosta Asadullah Zamanipour Malihe FalakiPresent study conducted with the aim of explaining the distinctive Professional competencies performance of managers in greenhouse production units in Southern Khorasan. The research method was applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-correlational in terms of colle MorePresent study conducted with the aim of explaining the distinctive Professional competencies performance of managers in greenhouse production units in Southern Khorasan. The research method was applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-correlational in terms of collecting data. The study was conducted through the survey method. The statistical population of the study was 141 greenhouse owners from greenhouse cucumber production Units who were selected through the census method due to the limited statistical population. The instrument used for collecting data in this study was a questionnaire. At the time of research, 117 active greenhouses and information were collected and the statistical analysis was using of the discriminant analysis. The results of the analysis showed that out of the 23 independent variables examined, only 8 variables including observing the technical principles of growing operation, observing ethical beliefs, observing managerial competencies, observing the basic/generic competencies, the method of preparing the planting bed, the number of extension-training courses, the method of preparing the terrace and the planting operation, and the experience in greenhouse cultivation could maximally differ between successful and unsuccessful managers of greenhouse cucumber production Units in order of priority based on focal correlation coefficient.Explaining the Distinctive Professional Competencies Performance of Greenhouse Managers Production units in Southern Khorasan Province Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Evaluation of parasitic contamination of eliminated sheep livers in Urmia slaughter house
هادی امین فر رضا حبیبیان سیدامیرعلی انوار نکیسا سهرابی حقدوست سهراب رسولیSurvey of parasitic contaminated sheep livers in Urmia slaughterhouseParasitic diseases have a critical importance in small ruminants. Liver parasites, because of theirrole in economic losses in sheep husbandry are in attention. The escape mechanisms ofparasites, from i MoreSurvey of parasitic contaminated sheep livers in Urmia slaughterhouseParasitic diseases have a critical importance in small ruminants. Liver parasites, because of theirrole in economic losses in sheep husbandry are in attention. The escape mechanisms ofparasites, from immune system detection, cause difficulties in production of effective vaccines.Parasitic diseases are chronic disorders, so economic aspects of these diseases of morediscussible. To determine the parasitic contamination of the liver of sheep slaughtered in Urmiacity within a year (fall to winter, spring to summer of 2009 and 2010) livers of 18.000slaughtered cases where evaluated. Recorded parasitic contaminations during fall to summerwere: 896 (19.91%), 962 (21.37%), 1055 (23.43%) and 817 (18.15%) respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - An Abbatoir –Based Study on Relative Prevalence Rate of Histopathologic Patterns of Pulmonary Lesions in Camels (Camelus deromedarius), Semnan, Iran
کیوان جمشیدیPulmonary diseases in camelids represent one of the major complaints in camelid veterinarypractice. The present study was undertaken during spring 2010 to investigate histopathologicpatterns of pulmonary lesions in camels (Camelus deromedarius) slaughtered in Semnanslau MorePulmonary diseases in camelids represent one of the major complaints in camelid veterinarypractice. The present study was undertaken during spring 2010 to investigate histopathologicpatterns of pulmonary lesions in camels (Camelus deromedarius) slaughtered in Semnanslaughterhouse. In this study, 33 out of 100 carcases (totally 150 carcases) inspected randomlyat postmortem, found with pulmonary lesions. Proper tissue samples obtained from lungs withmacroscopic lesions, fixed in 10% neutral buffer formaldehyde, processed for routinhistopathological techniques, and finally sections of 5μm thickness cut and stained by H&Estaining techniques.The major pulmonary lesions encountered on camel lungs were as follow: interstitial pneumonia30 (90.9%), pulmonary fibrosis 15 (45.45%), pneumoconiosis 24 (27.72%), atelectasis 27(81.81%), pulmonary emphysema 24 (27.72%), hydatidosis 12 (36.63%), calcified cyst 12(36.63%), bronchopneumonia 18 (54.54%), parasitic pneumonia 1 (9.09%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - The Effect of Climate Change on SoilOrganic Matter and Biological Activity
Arash Mohammadzadeh Yaser AzimzadehClimate change phenomenon is one of the most important global challenges for mankind in providing sufficient and healthy food for the ever-increasing world population. The leading factors of climate change, such as increasing temperature, changing precipitation patterns MoreClimate change phenomenon is one of the most important global challenges for mankind in providing sufficient and healthy food for the ever-increasing world population. The leading factors of climate change, such as increasing temperature, changing precipitation patterns, and increasing the frequency and intensity of weather events, affect soil characteristics, especially in the ecosystems of arid and semi-arid regions. These changes can directly affect the growth and production of crops. The amount of soil organic matter is one of the most important indicators of soil quality and health, which affects many physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil and is directly and indirectly affected by climatic factors such as temperature and rainfall. On the other hand, the balance of input and output of organic carbon to the soil is effective on the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and thus on global warming and the climate change phenomenon. The results of many forecasts show that in arid and semi-arid regions, climate change will lead to an increase in temperature and a decrease in rainfall. Therefore, considering that the amount of organic matter in the soil decreases with the increase in temperature and decrease in humidity, it seems that the phenomenon of climate change will have adverse effects on the amount of soil organic matter and biological activity, and then on the production of crops in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, it is very important to use the necessary solutions to mitigate these adverse effects and adapt to the upcoming conditions. Mitigation refers to methods that lead to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide; But the goal of adaptation is to mitigate the inevitable effects of climate change. Based on the results of various publications, compliance with the principles of the conservation agriculture system is considered one of the most important mitigation and adaptation solutions in dealing with the consequences of climate change in arid and semi-arid regions. Due to the fact that the climate change phenomenon is an inevitable event and its adverse effects and consequences in human life are felt more and more intense day by day, it is necessary for the management of soil resources to have the necessary foresight regarding the results of this phenomenon on the quality of the soil and the potential of producing agricultural products, especially in Arid and semi-arid areas should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The Effect of Climate Change on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Arid and Semi-Arid Soils
Arash Mohammadzadeh Yaser AzimzadehClimate change is one of the most significant global challenges threatening food security now, in the near and far future. This mainly occurs in the form of increasing temperature, change in rainfall pattern, and increase in extreme we MoreClimate change is one of the most significant global challenges threatening food security now, in the near and far future. This mainly occurs in the form of increasing temperature, change in rainfall pattern, and increase in extreme weather events. There are strong evidences demonstrating the vulnerability of agriculture sector in arid and semi-arid regions to climate change. This may directly impact on crops growth and production or indirectly impact on their environments. The ability of soil to produce a crop depends on its physical and chemical properties and these properties are directly and indirectly affected by climatic factors such as temperature and rainfall. Most predictions show that in arid and semi-arid regions, including many regions of Iran, climate change will lead to an increase in temperature and a decrease in rainfall. Therefore, considering the importance and role of temperature and humidity in physical and chemical quality indicators of soil and production stability, it seems that the phenomenon of climate change will have adverse effects on soil and then on crop production. Therefore, it is very important to use the necessary solutions to mitigate these adverse effects and adapt to the upcoming conditions. In this article, by reviewing and summarizing the research on the effects of climate change on the characteristics of arid and semi-arid soils, an attempt has been made to provide some kind of foresight of possible changes in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil due to climate change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Effect of Drought Stress and a Combination of Organic Cocopeat and Mineral Perlite Cultivation Substrates on Black Cherry Tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum)
Mehrnaz Tahmasabi Mahboboh MazhariBackground and objectives: One of the most important factors of soilless cultivation systems is the cultivation bed. Plants need adequate water and elements to grow and function well. But today, a mixture of cocopeat and perlite is used in some greenhouses, which gives MoreBackground and objectives: One of the most important factors of soilless cultivation systems is the cultivation bed. Plants need adequate water and elements to grow and function well. But today, a mixture of cocopeat and perlite is used in some greenhouses, which gives better results and is suitable for the production of tomatoes outside the season. Currently, cocopeat is the main substrate used in most hydroponic systems for tomato production in the country, which is an expensive imported material. It is important to carry out new researches to investigate the effect of stress and the integration of cultivation media to produce as many black cherry tomatoes as possible. The effect of the type of cultivation medium on different plants is different. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of drought stress and the integration of organic and inorganic cultivation medium on the chemical characteristics of several raw materials that can be used as black tomato growing medium. Materials and methods: For this purpose, in order to investigate the possibility of reducing the effects of drought stress by combining cocopeat and perlite, a factorial research was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications in the research greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch. In this research, two factors of drought stress (Fc100%, Fc50%, Fc25%, Fc12.5%) and different percentages of the cultivation bed (Cocopeat 0% + Perlite 100%, Cocopeat 25% + Perlite 75%, Cocopeat 50% + Perlite 50%, Cocopeat 75% + Perlite 25%, Cocopeat 100% + Perlite 0%) were investigated. The studied traits included the number of fruits, fresh and dry weight of the shoot, root length, relative moisture content of the leaves, the amount of chlorophyll a and b, and total. Results: Based on the results of the treatment combinations, cocopeat 75-perlite 25 and cocopeat 100- zero perlite had the highest performance, especially under severe stress of dehydration, and the lowest efficiency in the treatment combinations Co0Pe100+FC12.5%, Co25Pe75+FC12.5%, and Co50Pe50+FC12. 5% and Co100Pe0+FC12.5% were obtained. Also, FC100% treatment with the highest amount of total chlorophyll (3.10 mg per gram of fresh tissue) in the statistically superior group and FC12.5% treatment with the lowest amount of total chlorophyll (2.22 mg per gram of fresh tissue) were included in the weakest statistical group. In other words, maintaining soil moisture at the level of agricultural capacity increased the amount of total chlorophyll by 39.63% compared to the decrease in moisture at the level of 12.5% of agricultural capacity. Conclusion: Based on the results, the substrates containing richer foods provided better results. By adding cocopeat to the substrate, the negative effects of drought stress can be controlled. The reason for this superiority is the amount of nutrients in this substrate due to its ability to store more nutrients and water. The use of perlite in hydroponic culture beds is useful because it has large and small pores that improve the culture bed's ventilation. One of the negative effects of drought stress is the reduction of chlorophyll. As a result, the photosynthesis system of the plant will be damaged, and with the increase in the amount of proline, chlorophyll will decrease because the amounts of chlorophyll and proline have an inverse relationship with each other. Lack of water will cause a decrease in growth, leaf surface, wet and dry weight, destruction of cell membranes, destruction and reduction of proteins and enzymes, accumulation of amino acids, reduction of growth enhancers, damage to pigments and plastids, and reduction of root growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Factors Affecting Food Security of Rural Farming Households in Kohkiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province of Iran
S. Y. Zera' at Kish Zh. KamaeiIntroduction: Household food security refers to the available and adequate food supplies for the households to make sure that the members are provided with the minimum requirements of food. According to the definition set by the United Nation in 1986, food availability, MoreIntroduction: Household food security refers to the available and adequate food supplies for the households to make sure that the members are provided with the minimum requirements of food. According to the definition set by the United Nation in 1986, food availability, food access, and feeding sustainability are the three principle elements. Materials and Methods: The present study has been undertaken regarding the importance of household food security as a contributing factor concerned with the adequate growth and evolution for all the household members, therefore members can provide their society with prosperity, productivity and average food security state. This research investigates the factors affecting food security of the rural farming households in Kohkiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province of Iran. Random sampling method was used to build a sample of 223 respondents including 223 householders from rural areas. Required data was extracted from household, expenditure and income report released by the Statistical Center of Iran. Results: The data was analysed using descriptive statistics, food security indices, food security shortage/surplus gap and probit model. The obtained results via the so-called calorie consumption method indicated that, 46% of rural households enjoy food security. These households were found to exceed recommended calorie consumption by 43%. In fact the rural households without food security were found to under take the recommended calorie consumption by 69%. Conclusion: The householder income, the ratio of food expenditure to household expenditure and farm size positively contributed to the household food security, while householder gender, household size and householder education are negatively associated to the household food security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Experimental Study of the Effect of Using Fin on the Fire Tube of Gas Pressure Reduction Station Heater on Thermal Efficiency and and Reducing the Emission of Greenhouse Gas
Saeed Rastegar Hadi Kargarsharifabad Nader Rahbar Mohammad Behshad Shafii,Background and Objective: The pressure of the natural gas at the pressure reduction station is reduced by the regulator and by the general law of the gases, the gas temperature is reduced by decreasing in constant volume. If the gas temperature falls below the dew point MoreBackground and Objective: The pressure of the natural gas at the pressure reduction station is reduced by the regulator and by the general law of the gases, the gas temperature is reduced by decreasing in constant volume. If the gas temperature falls below the dew point temperature, it can form hydrates, freeze, and eventually blockage and clogging of the gas passage. Therefore, indirect water bath heater is used to increase the gas temperature before the pressure reduction. At present, the thermal efficiency of these heaters is very low and a large amount of fuel is wasted in the heaters. Material and Methodology: In this paper, using fin in the gas pressure reduction station heater fire tube on its thermal efficiency and greenhouse gas investigated experimentally and and the thermodynamic and heat transfer characteristics of the heater are compared in the usual case and in the fin state. Findings: The results showed that using fin in the heater fire tube increased the thermal efficiency of the heater and the heat transfer coefficient by 14% and 19%, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: If the results of the increasing in efficiency were applied to all gas pressure reduction station heaters, the energy saving and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions over one year were estimated to be 40 million cubic meters and 76.75 thousand tons, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Impact of Renewable Energies on Green Economy
Somayeh Daneshvari Parvaneh Salatin Mohammad khalilzadehBackground and purpose: As the world's population grows and energy resources are limited, all countries face energy problems. The crises that threaten countries and communities are the lack of non-renewable sources of energy (fossil fuels), as well as the increase of en MoreBackground and purpose: As the world's population grows and energy resources are limited, all countries face energy problems. The crises that threaten countries and communities are the lack of non-renewable sources of energy (fossil fuels), as well as the increase of environmental pollution caused by excessive consumption of fossil fuels which shows the necessities and importance of using renewable energy resources. The close link between the economic and environmental issues has raised new approaches to the field of international environmental law, one of the most prominent of which is the green economy, and since one of the main goals of the green economy is reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the use of renewable energy sources is a quick way to achieve a green economy. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to review the comparative effect of renewable energy on green economy in two groups of selected countries that produce and consume renewable energy with high and middle income. Methodology: This study is an applied research and inferential research method. The method and tool for collecting information and statistical resources are written documents, electronic information and taking notes. Findings: The results of model estimation in the selected countries with Fixed Effects Method during the period of 2005-2016 showed that the use of renewable energy has a negative and significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions as an indicator of the green economy in the selected countries. Also, the effect of renewable energy on the green economy in the group of selected middle income countries is higher than that of high-income countries. Other results showed that economic growth and openness had a positive and significant impact, human capital, ICT and rule of law had a negative and significant impact on carbon dioxide emissions as an indicator of green economy in the group of selected countries. Discussion and Conclusion: Renewable energies are clean, abundant and reliable and if properly developed, can play a significant role in achieving sustainable development goals as sustainable sources of energy. The main reason for the emphasis on the use of renewable energies, in addition to helping to solve environmental problems and preventing the loss of fossil fuels, is the conservation of natural resources for future generations, which undoubtedly renewable energy, given their simplicity of technology, plays a significant role in the green economy and sustainable economic development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Investigating the most appropriate treatments for ultrasonic duration, temperature and water ratio to the contents of livestock rumen in biogas production (Case study: Khorramabad city slaughterhouse)
Ali Kooshki morteza almassi Mohammad Ghahderijani Hamidreza ShamlouiBackground and Objective: Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse solid wastes, such as rumen contents, is an appropriate treatment option for managing such residues, because of their significant role in reducing the environmental impacts as well as the potential for biog MoreBackground and Objective: Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse solid wastes, such as rumen contents, is an appropriate treatment option for managing such residues, because of their significant role in reducing the environmental impacts as well as the potential for biogas production. The objective of this study was determining the appropriate temperature, time and ratio of water to livestock rumen content on the total biogas production.Material and Methodology: This study was conducted at the Khorramabad Industrial Slaughterhouse. After slaughtering livestock the contents of the rumen of five cows and five sheep were mixed together to homogenize and in separate experiments to examine the impact of severity different temperatures (30, 40 and 50° C), different times of Ultrasonic device waving (10, 20 and 30 minutes) and different ratios of mixing contents of rumen and water (50 ml of water to 100 g of rumen contents, 100 ml of water to 100 g of rumen contents and 200 ml of water to 100 g of rumen contents) in process of biogas production was discussed.Findings: In general, the largest amount of total biogas, related to the triple opposite effect of using 30 minutes of ultrasonic pretreatment (t3) * C50 ° (te3) * Combination ratio of visceral contents (r3) with production amount of 350/333 ml which is considered the best results.Discussion and Conclusion: the finding indicated that the total biogas production from rumen content in the process of anaerobic digestion are more effected by the treatment under the conditions of a longer ultrasonic pretreatment, higher temperature and lower concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Identifying and Ranking Environmental Destructive Economic Sectors Based on the Amount of Greenhouse Gas Emission by Shannon Entropy -VIKOR Approach (Case study: Iran: 1388-1392)
nahid dorostkar Ali DehghaniBackground and Objective: Today environmental issues and avoid irregular greenhouse gas emission has become one of the most important concerns of each country. This study has been done with the aim of determining the amount of greenhouse gas emission in different MoreBackground and Objective: Today environmental issues and avoid irregular greenhouse gas emission has become one of the most important concerns of each country. This study has been done with the aim of determining the amount of greenhouse gas emission in different industries and ranking these industries based on the most destructive greenhouse gas including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide and Sulfur trioxide. Method: In this study after identifying the most pollutant greenhouse gases based on the literature review and using the average of five recent year's data from the Iranian Statistics Center, the weight of each greenhouse gas were determined based on Shannon entropy and by using VIKOR technique and MATLAB software, the most pollutant sector was determined. Findings: Based on Shannon entropy, Co with the weight of 0.3 has the highest coefficient of importance among pollutant greenhouse gases. Based on VIKOR technique, transportation sector based on utility measure, Vikor measure and regret measure was determined as the most pollutant sector. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the result of study, transportation sector has played a major role in greenhouse gas emissions and identified as the most pollutant sector. So, attention to structural and cultural components associated to transportation field has become more important than the past. Using green transportation technologies, investing in public transportation and providing infrastructure for non- motorized vehicles can be introduced as suggestion for reducing pollution in this sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Four Elemennts (Water, Earth, Air and Fire), an Iranian Pattern for Urban Park Deign
zahra ahmadi farah habib mohammad naghizadehBackground and Objective: Emptiness is a concept that appears in form and content. Beyond the meaning of being and not being .On the other hand Existential Identity depends on the dialectical relationship of that thing with its opposites. This study seeks to clarify the MoreBackground and Objective: Emptiness is a concept that appears in form and content. Beyond the meaning of being and not being .On the other hand Existential Identity depends on the dialectical relationship of that thing with its opposites. This study seeks to clarify the role of this concept in the vernacular architecture of Iran By understanding the concept of emptiness. Method: The research, by explaining the principles of empty concept, has investigated the quality of the realization of this concept in the form of fabric dimensions of Yazd's houses. The three pillars obtained from theoretical foundations were tested in five vernacular houses in Yazd. The research was conducted with qualitative study, and data collection tools: field observations, and the study of written resources. Findings: The emergence of empty concept coincides with two elements or opposite qualities in such a way that the two opposites are interconnected without diminishing one another. Based on theoretical findings, the expression of the empty concept is conditional on the existence of three pillars: The first: the contradiction, the second: interaction, the third: balance and unity. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on research emptiness as a sublime concept is the result of the existence of opposing elements, their interaction and their unity. Vernacular architects with the perception of the necessity of the conjunction of the opposing couples and by recognizing the elements such as geometry, color, light, have caused the interaction of the opposites and their balance and they have come up with an empty concept in the form and fabric of these houses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Effect of Vernacular Materials and Traditional Construction Methods on Energy Consumption Reduction of Rural Houses in Plain Regions of Gilan
Sara Zohari Mansooreh Tahbaz Iraj EtessamBackground and Objective: Gilan province has a rich and precious vernacular architecture, which takes place in perfect harmony with nature and local climate. The aim of this study is recognition of solutions of vernacular architecture and applying them in new architectu MoreBackground and Objective: Gilan province has a rich and precious vernacular architecture, which takes place in perfect harmony with nature and local climate. The aim of this study is recognition of solutions of vernacular architecture and applying them in new architecture to reduce energy consumption and thus reduce the adverse effects of built environment on the natural habitat.Method: In orderto study the amount of energy consumption in vernacular rural houses of plain areas of Gilan using local and new material and methods, three types of vernacular houses in plain areas of Gilan(East, West and Central) are chosen, and their energy consumption using traditional and new materials are analyzed with simulation method.Findings: Based on simulation results, the amount of energy consumption during a year in Rafiee, Amini and Mohtashamtalab house with local materials is 1176/842, 185/03, 164/02 kw/h less than the amount of energy consumption with new materials.Discussion and Conclusion: Simulation results show that the amount of energy consumption in rural houses with local materials is significantly less than energy consumption using new materials. It shows that performance of Shakili foundation, Zegaly wall and Klushy roof in terms of the amount of heat exchange with the environment is more favorable than new materials and techniques. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Investigating the Effect of Environmental Awareness and Education on Improving the Pattern of Energy Consumption on Household Sector and its Relationship with the Age and Sex of Citizens (Case Study: District 6 of Tehran Municipality)
mahsa nasrollahzadeh Maryam FarahaniBackground and Objective: Environmental education on energy resources is one of the best methods to improve the quality of the urban environment. Present study carried out to investigate the effect of environmental awareness and education on optimization of energy consu MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental education on energy resources is one of the best methods to improve the quality of the urban environment. Present study carried out to investigate the effect of environmental awareness and education on optimization of energy consumption pattern on household sector and its relationship with age and gender of the citizens. Method: The present study was conducted in the fall of 2017. This study was the descriptive-survey method. The statistical population was the citizens of District 6 of Tehran Municipality. The sample size was calculated 390 people using Cochran's formula. The sampling method was randomized and data collection method was questionnaires. Research data processed using SPSS statistical software version 22, where analytical and descriptive statistics were analyzed. Findings: The average score of environmental knowledge of the citizens of Tehran Municipality No. 6 was 4.21 (out of 5). So, the studied samples have a moderate to high environmental attitude and behavior. There was no significant difference between environmental knowledge, attitudes and behavior of men and women in this region while the age variable showed a significant effect on the level of environmental knowledge, attitudes and behavior of citizens of Region 6. Discussion and Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between environmental knowledge and behavior and environmental attitudes and behavior. It is recommended to perform effective regional education methods for improving the attitude and environmental behavior of the residents of this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Estimated Index of Ecological Footprints of Energy (Electricity and Natural Gas) and Water Consumption of Household Sector in 22 Districts of Tehran
Zahra Abedi parisa soltani khamsehBackgrounds and objectives: Population growth and excessive consumption of natural resources for the continuation of economic welfare, in addition to destroying the ecosystem has caused a shortage of life on the planet is vital to prevent any shortage of access to natur MoreBackgrounds and objectives: Population growth and excessive consumption of natural resources for the continuation of economic welfare, in addition to destroying the ecosystem has caused a shortage of life on the planet is vital to prevent any shortage of access to natural resources continue. This article estimates the ecological footprint of water and energy consumption (electricity and natural gas) of the household sector in the 22 districts of Tehran and estimates the environmental capacity of the mentioned resources. Analysis method: Estimating the ecological footprint of water and energy (electricity and natural gas) used in the household sector of Tehran refers to the negative relationship between the continuity of household activities and the ecological gap of the mentioned sources, which according to the results and their analysis, ecological gap more than 4 million hectares of water, electricity and natural gas consumption are available in the household sector of Tehran.To find the impact of practical solutions to reduce the ecological gap using SPSS software and Cochran test and also developing a questionnaire related to the use of resources in household,the most important factor in reducing the ecological gap is identified. Findings: Based on the results obtained and their analysis, the ecological gap of over 4 million hectares is due to the excessive use of water, electricity and natural gas in the household sector of Tehran. After estimating the ecological gap, questionnaires were distributed to clarify the causes of household waste loss. According to the statistical society, in the assessment of the questionnaire, the population of the 22nd household in Tehran was considered to be 2 million and 830thousand households.To create uniformity of analysis, the households were based on a population of 3, Then through the Cochran formula, 1100 households were sampled and they were randomly selected. Discussion and conclusion: The results of the questionnaire showed that the most important factor in reducing the ecological gap and having the optimal use of water in the household sector is reducing water consumption for washing cars,the most important factor for creating optimal power consumption in the household sector is using energy-saving bulbs.The most important factor for creating optimal consumption of natural gas in the household sector is the use of double-glazed windows and the least effective factor is the use of gas heaters proportional to the area of the houses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - The Concentration of Lead and Cadmium in Some Greenhouse Products and its Effect on Human Health
Saleh Sanjari Naser Boroomand Mojtaba MoghbeliBackground and Objective: Regarding the importance of using the healthy vegetables, it is important to control the concentration of heavy metals in order to provide the health of consumers. Therefore, this study was done with the aim of investigating the evaluation of t MoreBackground and Objective: Regarding the importance of using the healthy vegetables, it is important to control the concentration of heavy metals in order to provide the health of consumers. Therefore, this study was done with the aim of investigating the evaluation of the risk of heavy metals on human health trough consumption of greenhouse products.Material and Methodology: Samples included eggplants, tomatoes, greenhouse cucumbers and strawberries, were collected randomly from Jiroft greenhouses and the concentration of lead and cadmium in leaves and fruits of these plants were measured. The amount of EDI was defined for each product according to daily consumption.Findings: The average concentration of lead and cadmium in samples were different. The highest and the lowest amount of cadmium respectively belonged to tomatoes and greenhouse cucumbers. The results showed that levels of lead and cadmium in most of the products were more than the standard range recommended by the institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran and the FAO-WHO.Discussion and Conclusions: The results showed that the amount of lead and cadmium exceeded the standard index, However the amount of EDI was less than or equal to PTDI reported by Standards Institute's of Iran. Overall, according to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the consumption of these products has not any negative effects on the consumers' health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Investigation the amount of Zinc pollution on soil resources and the feasibility of its removal with Phragmites australis plant using its extraction cellulose in the greenhouse conditions
Malihe Amini Atena Naeimi Hana EtemadiBackground & Objective: Heavy metals cases are threatening the health of ecosystems. Accumulation of metals in the soil allows them to plant crops and thus increases the risk of agriculture crops health. The goal of this research was conducted to evaluate zinc stres MoreBackground & Objective: Heavy metals cases are threatening the health of ecosystems. Accumulation of metals in the soil allows them to plant crops and thus increases the risk of agriculture crops health. The goal of this research was conducted to evaluate zinc stress resistance for Pharagmites australis in greenhouse conditions.Material and Methodology: Experimental design was performed in an entirely randomized plan having two factors and three replications, 2016 at University of Jiroft. Digestion and preparation of samples were done by dry burning method and then Zinc concentration was measured by atomic absorption.Findings: Greenhouse experiments results showed that with increasing in metal concentration treatments, its absorbing with shoot and root were increased. However, impressive accumulation of zinc was in root and its translocation and accumulation in shoot has been reported much less.Discussion & Conclusions: With absorb and accumulate of metals in root, ability of plant growth was decreased with changes in physiological characteristics. Results of regression analysis showed concentration increasing of zinc in P. australis organs under these metal stress condition were fitted as a quadratic function with R2 >90 (p<0.01). In summary results of this research show high relatively resistant of P. australis to zinc stress as necessary metal in plants, high accumulation capacity for metal in its root organ and low heavy metal translocation factor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Management of energy carrier’s consumption and emission of pollutants using the Leap model in Lea Industrial Park of Qazvin province
mohammadsaied mohammadi Seyed Mostafa Khezri Alireza VafaeinejadBackground and Objective: Industrial-economic development in developing countries has created a double need for greater access to energy carriers compared to developed countries. In addition, improving living standards in developing societies in recent decades has led t MoreBackground and Objective: Industrial-economic development in developing countries has created a double need for greater access to energy carriers compared to developed countries. In addition, improving living standards in developing societies in recent decades has led to an increase in the demand for energy carriers for access to greater facilities and amenities. In this study, the effect of applying different policies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and energy savings in Iranian industries has been investigated and evaluated by the energy planning model. Material and Methodology: First the input values of various energy sources such as gas, electricity and fossil fuels in the industrial production process were investigated. Then, the factors affecting the production of greenhouse gases in industries were identified, then the past trend and the current state of Iranian industries and government policies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions as well as the development of new energy efficiency technologies in industry were used to estimate energy demand. In line with this goal, the amount of greenhouse gas emissions in a baseline scenario in accordance with the continuation of the current trend (BAU) in current industries and also to determine the current and future demand of Iranian industries during the years 2019 to 2035 has been studied. Findings: four alternative scenarios of energy saving technologies and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions were considered, including industry development and capacity building, possible increase in fuel and electricity prices, implementation of fuel consumption standards, and use of CHP technologies for a period of 15 years. Therefore, the combined implementation of these two policies will lead to a reduction of 8 million tons of emissions (equivalent to a 13% reduction in emissions) equivalent to total CO2. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that the total CO2 emissions equivalent to the industry will increase from 61 million tons in the baseline scenario to 53 million tons in the 2035 emission reduction scenario. However, due to the implementation of the fuel change policy, the total amount of carbon dioxide emissions has been reduced to 58 million tons (equivalent to 4.9% reduction) and also the implementation of energy efficiency policy has led to the emission of 55 million tons (equivalent to 9.8% reduction) equivalent CO2 will run until 2035. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Studying the relation between life style and household objects system from the perspective of Bourdieu in contemporary housing (Case Study: the young couples living in district two, Qazvin)
Rana Ayazi Maryam Armaghan Sheida KhansariBackground and Objective: housing structure has been constantly forming and changing during history and has been influenced by thounsands of phenomena and factors. Life style and aesthetic taste as evidences of living culture form the architecture framework. House, is t MoreBackground and Objective: housing structure has been constantly forming and changing during history and has been influenced by thounsands of phenomena and factors. Life style and aesthetic taste as evidences of living culture form the architecture framework. House, is the place of the formation and presentation of culture and is the most basic space in which every individual experiences his being. The present study is following the effect of living culture in general and life style specifically on household objects system (mentally and functionally) from the perspective of Bourdieu. Method: the present study is a qualitative research based on descriptive-analytical research method. The population are the young couples living in residential buildings located in district two in Qazvin which 310 persons among them has been chosen randomly. In this study, the researcher’s queastionaire has been used after making sure of its reliability and justifiability and then has been distributed among sample. In order to analyze the data, correlation and regression in spss 22 soft ware has been utilized. Findings: results of the study have shown that there is a positive and meaningful relation between the individuals’ life style and theirs household object system in the sample population. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the analyses, it seems that the “mode”, i.e. what becomes fashionable throughout a society as a communal model, can play a major role in the system of functional home appliances. This communal taste can affect the selection of colors, furniture, arrangement, type of functional appliances, etc. The family structure in terms of tradition or religious beliefs may also influence the application of abstract objects at home. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - CO2 emissions reduction by using local mineral pozzolan as part of cement in concrete with a pollution reduction approach
Mojtaba Rangrazian Rahmat Madandoust Reza Mahjoub Mehdi RaftariBackground and Objective: Global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, mainly (CO2). Reducing greenhouse gases and monitoring the environment are important goals of today's mankind. Cement factories are the main producers of greenhouse gases. The main g MoreBackground and Objective: Global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, mainly (CO2). Reducing greenhouse gases and monitoring the environment are important goals of today's mankind. Cement factories are the main producers of greenhouse gases. The main goal of this research is to find a material with cement properties (pozzolan) that can be replaced in a part of concrete cement with the aim of reducing cement consumption and reducing CO2 greenhouse gas emissions. The local mineral pozzolan under research has similar properties to world-famous pozzolans and has the relevant standards.Material and Methodology: To find the optimal amount of pozzolan in the concrete, In Sep. 2021, four cases of 5, 10, 15 and 20% by weight was studied and its effect on concrete compressive strength and CO2 emissions and its ability to reduce pollution Environmental was evaluated in comparison with conventional cement concrete. Findings: Experiments showed that the best amount of replacement of this pozzolan to cement in concrete is 15% by weight and increases the strength by 2.4%. Also, this pozzolan emits less CO2 than normal cement concrete equal to 15.20 kg/m3.Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the favorable effects of this pozzolan in strengthening the structure and reducing the consumption of cement in concrete, it can be introduced as a cement-reducing and environmentally friendly material. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Analysis of the effect of plan geometry and capabilities of traditional architects on the typology of the architectural form of Isfahan Dove Towers
Afrooz Rahimi Ariaei Nima ValibeigBackground and Objective: Dove towers have outstanding architectural, structural and decorative characteristics. Geometric and typological examination of dove towers not only paves the way to understand Persian traditional architecture, but also prevents these environme MoreBackground and Objective: Dove towers have outstanding architectural, structural and decorative characteristics. Geometric and typological examination of dove towers not only paves the way to understand Persian traditional architecture, but also prevents these environment-friendly structures from being forgotten. According to the authors, there is a direct relationship between the creativity of traditional architects, proportions, form and size of the plan, with different types of dove towers in Isfahan. Accordingly, the present study aimed to analyze the final form of dove towers in Isfahan from the aspect of geometric features. Historically, certain foreign travelers have described some of the dove towers in Isfahan. Some travelers have also made attempt to describe them physically and structurally. This study will provide a comprehensive typology of dove towers from a geometric perspective.Method: The methodology has been descriptive, comparative and analytic in nature. Also, data were collected based on library sources and field studies. Findings: It was found that there is a significant relationship between height and the number of floors, the diameter of the dove towers, the middle cylinders and its wall thickness. The shapes, the geometry of the body and the various dimensions of the plan on the one hand and the creativity of the architects on the other hand, have created different volumes in the structure of the pigeon houses in Isfahan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Long-term energy planning in industrial towns for the establishment of CHP projects (Lia industrial town case study)
mohammadsaied mohammadi Seyed Mostafa Khezri ali reza vafainezhadBackground and Objective: In recent decades, the improvement of living standards in developing societies has led to an increase in the demand of energy carriers (gas and electricity) in order to access more facilities and welfare. This study has been carried out with th MoreBackground and Objective: In recent decades, the improvement of living standards in developing societies has led to an increase in the demand of energy carriers (gas and electricity) in order to access more facilities and welfare. This study has been carried out with the aim of long-term energy planning in industrial cities for the establishment of CHP[1] projects, reducing energy consumption, using the heat resulting from energy consumption in different parts of production and the effect of different policies to reduce carbon dioxide. Material and Methodology: In line with the implementation of the study, firstly, the input values of different fuels in the industries and the effective factors in the consumption and heat demand in the industries were investigated based on the reference scenario, then the plans of the industries and government policies to reduce fuel consumption and the use of production heat. In line with this goal, the amount of fuel consumed in a base scenario (BAU)[2] in the existing industries in Leya industrial town (Qazvin province) was investigated during the years 2016 to 2019. Findings: The current and future productions in the country's industries and the investigation of energy consumption and usable heat generation during the use of fuel in the country's industries were determined by the LEAP[3] model in the base scenario. Then, the alternative methods of energy saving and the use of produced heat and the use of CHP technologies have been investigated for a period of 15 years. In 1414, about 30% of electricity and heat consumption is provided by CHP. Due to the replacement of CHP systems, the consumption of natural gas in the industrial sector will increase by 3% and the price of crude oil and petroleum products will decrease. Discussion and conclusion: The result of the simulation in the exploitation of the CHP system resource usage scenario for the next 15 years (1414), by LEAP software, shows that all the primary energy carriers in Lea Industrial City will reach the reference state and in the year 1414 with a reduction of about 30% in domestic electricity consumption from the public electricity network and its production by CHP systems 4- Combined Heat and Power 5- Business as Usual 6- Lang – Rang Energy Alternatives Planning System Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Preparation of a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) plan for wood &Paper Iran Industry utilizing Proporm software within PIN forms formatting
Kobra Verij Kazemi Abdolreza Karbassi Parvin Nasiri Mohammad Sadegh SekhavatjouBackground and Objective: Undoubtely, concentration of green house gases increased in the atmosphere, so this caused an increasing in the earth temperature average.The best way in reducing of green house gases is the implement optimization of consuming energy and renewa MoreBackground and Objective: Undoubtely, concentration of green house gases increased in the atmosphere, so this caused an increasing in the earth temperature average.The best way in reducing of green house gases is the implement optimization of consuming energy and renewable energy and so Clean Development Mechanism. Method: This study implements perform software to consider five scenarios for the wood exploited in Iran Wood& Paper Industry. Essential economic analysis has been performed and efficiency of the optimization proceedings in diminishing greenhouse gasses has been evaluated. Also PIN reports regarding to this industry have been prepared. Findings:Results show that by replacing boilers currently in use with boilers with higher efficiency, an approximate 6360*1012 Joules saving in energy consumption in project’s 12year duration would be attained. During the same period, emission of greenhouse gases would decrease about 360 kilo tons, which is equivalent to a 30 kilo tons reduction per year. Discussion and Conclution: by Considering project’s investment requirement of 385 thousand dollars and its 13 year outcome of diminishing 360 kilo tons of greenhouse gas emission. Reduction amid low expenditures should support such projects so it could sell its supplemental. Coupons for 35 to 45 dollars per each ton of carbon dioxide in global markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Application of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) for GHGs Emission Reduction in Haft Tappeh Sugarcane Factory
Elham Kazemi Farideh Atabi Nematollah Khorasani Seyed Mohammadreza HeibatiBackground and Objective: Energy consumption in food industries is high and increasing due to the growing population, inadequacy of cultivating farms, and life condition improvement. This growing consumption is a threat to the environment and human’s health. Sugar MoreBackground and Objective: Energy consumption in food industries is high and increasing due to the growing population, inadequacy of cultivating farms, and life condition improvement. This growing consumption is a threat to the environment and human’s health. Sugarcane industries are considered as high consuming industries which have a tangible impact on the environment and emission of greenhouse gases. Sugarcane industrial energy consumption share among other industries is 4.3% and more than 70% in total energy of food industry consumption. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of CMD application on the reduction of fossil fuel energy consumption and GHGs emission reduction in Haft Tappeh Sugarcane Factory. Method: The results of the factory energy auditing indicated that one of the proper methods to benefit from CMD is to replace the old boiler which has low efficiency with a new boiler. Pre-feasibility assessment of the environmental and economical aspects of implementing the project has been calculated using “Proform” software. It ran through three scenarios assuming the investment, installation, and maintenance costs; the new boiler consumption rate with higher efficiency and cost-effectiveness of replacing the new system with the old one having lower efficiency. Calculation was based on carbon credit value in global market. Results: As results show in case if scenario C is applied, the Net Present Value (NPV) will equal 21,000,000 dollars and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) will become 39.18%. Carbon credit was considered 20 dollars based on the reduction of CO2 equivalent which was calculated by carbon supply and demand market for CERs of CDM projects that are sold and purchased in carbon exchange market. IRR is higher than 16% discount rate; consequently, it proves that implementing such a project is cost-effective. Provided that the new high efficient boiler is used, the emission of CO2 equivalent during implementing the project-25 years- will reduce to 763,353 ton equal to CO2 equivalent; furthermore, 13,607,000 GJ is saved on consumption of natural gas. Conclusion: Considering the boilers with high energy consumption and low efficiency in this factory, the replacement of old boiler with the new one through CDM project is cost effective Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Eastimating the Animal House Area`s Per Capita on the Campus for Training and Research Purposes
Banafshe Barkhordar Babak BarkhordarBackground and Objective: Now animal houses are an important part of training and researches project. The objectives of establishing animal houses on the campus are making a suitable place for keeping lab animals under standard conditions similar to those of their lives MoreBackground and Objective: Now animal houses are an important part of training and researches project. The objectives of establishing animal houses on the campus are making a suitable place for keeping lab animals under standard conditions similar to those of their lives making it possible to conduct reproducing healthy laboratory animals, performing training and research experiments and training students. On the other hand, it decreases the bad smell in the laboratory, reduces the possibility of animals catching different prevalent diseases, cuts down the probability of the disease to human being and prevents animals from escaping. In addition, animal houses can decrease purchase expenses and save staff time and if it is introduced well it can enjoy economic justification. Method: In this research with studding of animal houses in use and steaming the area for a university animal house for educations and researches. The animal house area per capita was estimated for each of student. Findings: The results contain the animal house parts are: Office, cloak- room, research room, increasing room, weighting room, behaiveir room, surgery and recovery, place of cages, washing room ,storage, compressor, marine increasing room, researching monkey behavior, museum. Discussion and Conclusion: The animal houses area for universities and high educational centers for training and research purposes is about 375 m2 for 200 biology students therefore the animal house area per capita would be 1.8 m2. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Evaluation of municipal solid waste final disposal scenarios through life cycle assessment and analytic hierarchy process methods (Case study: Tehran)
Somayeh Khan Pouraghdam Mehdi Ghanbarzadeh Lak Mehrdad Mohtadi Mohammad Reza Sabour Background and Objective: An integrated model of life cycle assessment and hierarchical analysis was developed to determine the best practical method for municipal solid waste disposal. The model used for environmental and technical assessments of scenarios inclu More Background and Objective: An integrated model of life cycle assessment and hierarchical analysis was developed to determine the best practical method for municipal solid waste disposal. The model used for environmental and technical assessments of scenarios included (A) landfilling of wastes without energy extraction; (B) waste incineration with energy recovery and ash burial; and (C) production of compost from the organic components and landfilling other wastes. Method: In order to conduct environmental assessments, the amount of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) was estimated by life cycle of the disposal method. Technical evaluations were carried out based on the hierarchical analysis method and a survey of experts. In order to analyze the results of the proposed model, Tehran city in Iran was selected as a case study. Findings: The highest greenhouse gas emissions occurred in scenario A, and the lowest was associated with scenario B. Maximum discounts on emissions from burning putrescible wastes, paper and cardboards were obtained in scenario B. In contrast, landfilling of such wastes in scenarios A and C was the main source of methane production. Although the incineration of plastic wastes might lead to more energy extraction in scenario B, the generation of non-biological CO2 had an incremental effect on GHG emissions. Scenarios A and C had a relatively high superiority over scenario B from the perspective of most technical criteria, but the probability of leachate in these scenarios reduced their technical advantages. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the combination of evaluations, the method of landfilling without energy extraction is the most inappropriate option, and waste incineration with energy extraction leads to the lowest greenhouse gas emissions and is technically acceptable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Investigation of Cost Damages on Plants by Laky Sazbon Dam
Zahra Abedi Nasser Moharam Nezhad Borhan Riazi Maryam BayatThe design to construct Sazbon dam and power plant is a sub-group of designs that have anything to do with the tributaries of KARKHE BASIN. The location where the design is going to be implemented is in the province of Illam and eastern part of SARABLEH which is about 3 MoreThe design to construct Sazbon dam and power plant is a sub-group of designs that have anything to do with the tributaries of KARKHE BASIN. The location where the design is going to be implemented is in the province of Illam and eastern part of SARABLEH which is about 3 Kms after the confluence of two rivers named Simoreh and Cherdaval respectively within the straits of SAZBON. To determine the value of plant covering on the reservoir, first the values of trees and pasture were estimated subject to valuation codes and about 3269 acres of pastures(Echinops orientalis ,Astragalus gossypinus , Hordeum spontaneum….,) and about 71 acres of woods shall(Amygdalus scopariaو Pistaciaو Quercus brantii(...و be flooded by constructing this dam. The damages were estimated to be 3198970040 billion IR-Rials which are evaluated to be very little against 660 billion IR-Rials of profits as gained by constructing the dam but can be compensated for by powers consumption revenues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Application of nonparametric method for optimization of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission in wheat production
Morteza Taki Yahya Ajabshirchi Ahmad GhobadifarBackground and Objective: Nowadays, increase of energy consumption in agricultural section has lead to some environmental problems and increase of final costs. In this study, the non-parametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to estimate the energy eff MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, increase of energy consumption in agricultural section has lead to some environmental problems and increase of final costs. In this study, the non-parametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to estimate the energy efficiency and greenhose gas emission in the irrigated wheat farms in Silakhor plain of Lorestan province. Method: Data were collected through both questionnaire and interwiew surveys using 150 farmers. Results showed that the energy consumption for 0.1 up to 2, 2.1 up to 5 and over 5 hectares were 22134, 24128 and 25078 MJ/ha respectively, and the sum of grain, fertilizer and pesticides had the highest share of energy consumption in all levels. The results of DEA showed that technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies in the third level were 88, 93 and 94%and higher than the same amounts obtained in other levels. Results: Energy saving ratios in these levels were 6.83, 8.11 and 6.54 respectively. This indicates that 1512, 1957 and 1640 MJ/ha of total input energy can be saved, if the mentioned method is used. The results of greenhouse gas emission showed that diesel fuel has the highest share in the environmental pollutants. Optimization of energy consumption can totally decrease 6516.67 kg CO2 produced in wheat production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Lime Materials Using in Iranian Vernacular Architecture; The Code of Environment Protection
Mohammad Sadegh Taher Tolou Del Saeed AzematiMaterials used in traditional and local architecture in Iran derived from their deployment environment and are provided the necessary compatibility with the environment. Analysis of the use of such materials in buildings, on the one hand reduce the natural resources use MoreMaterials used in traditional and local architecture in Iran derived from their deployment environment and are provided the necessary compatibility with the environment. Analysis of the use of such materials in buildings, on the one hand reduce the natural resources use and other energy resources saving during the production process materials, traditional buildings and the construction and maintenance stages of protection and restoration of such buildings will provide. This article is thoroughly compatible encoding used traditional materials in Iran, the vernacular architecture of limestone and lime-based mortar, including the cheap materials, easy collection, availability, and would reveal durable building. In this study on the related experiences of others and the results of mechanical tests on clay soil mixed with lime and analysis of the mentioned results; technical, economic or executable practice of using lime in the construction of new buildings and even local Iran has been approved. Patterns can be as a results from getting the technical message predecessors and taking advantage of new technologies associated with new products industries causing lime to make optimal rate consumption of natural resources and energy saving. We are able to material produced reversible resorting in nature unlike industrial cements; even with the capture carbon dioxide from industrial production of construction can the greenhouse effect of air pollution in the environment and abilityto reduce destructive effects of acidy rain in the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Climate, Nature and Architecture of houses: Research on Construction of Turkmens Rural Residential Unit with Emphasis on Turkmen Tarn of Gomishan
Yavar Rostamzadeh Shahab AylkaOn the Khazar coast, Turkmen Sahra and especially Gomishan some kinds of residential architecture are seen amongstTurkmen tribes which are a valuable instance of local knowledge in rural housing, in a way that shows a sort of correlation between architecture and envir MoreOn the Khazar coast, Turkmen Sahra and especially Gomishan some kinds of residential architecture are seen amongstTurkmen tribes which are a valuable instance of local knowledge in rural housing, in a way that shows a sort of correlation between architecture and environment in these region~ In Gomishan houses are made of local materials and special techniques to be as useful as possible. On the other hand after burring Turkmens tents in 1926 and making them to live on the Caspian Sea coasts a kind of house which is called Tarn engender which are evaluated and revised in this study. Since there is no research done on construction of Turkmen tarns, the necessity of this research is clear. So in this article based on descriptive - analytic method using information gathering tools (including: field research (2006-2007), interview with experts, review of literature, documents) it is attempted to study this residential architecture. At the end using the positives notes of these regions some suggestions will be made. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Investigation on Regulations and Commitments of the Climate Change Convention and Assessment of their Implementation in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Farideh Atabi Mehrdad Nazemi Amir Abbas Sedighi Narmin TavakoliClimate change has been one of the main concerns of societies in the world during the last two decades. Hence, the international community has taken some measures to solve this problem. Such measures include developments of the UN Framework Convention on the Climate Cha MoreClimate change has been one of the main concerns of societies in the world during the last two decades. Hence, the international community has taken some measures to solve this problem. Such measures include developments of the UN Framework Convention on the Climate Change (UNFCCC) to maintain the current concentration levels of the green house gases in the atmosphere in order to minimize the anthropogenic impacts on the climate. The convention has envisioned common but different responsibilities for all parties. Iran is also a party to the Convention and has developed the Empowerment Plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran to meet its commitments with financial support of the Global Environmental Facilities (GEF) and the UNDP Office located in the Department of the Environment in Iran. In the present study, after reviewing climate change and green house phenomenon, the steps to form the UNFCCC, its goals and the commitments of member countries towards the Convention as well as its status in Iran, have been investigate. Although Iran has honored most of its commitments, the major drawbacks are weak regulations, lack of research and mismanagement of activities. The inadequate coordination amongst different sections of Iran and ineffective environmental laws are the major challenges to the implementation of the Climate Change Convention in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Evaluating the impacts of boiler house malfunction on energy loss and air quality in cities
Marzieh Mahtabi Mohammad ArjmandBackground and Objective: Currently, there are many environmental challenges and crises such as air pollution and its unpleasant effects on human, plants, animals and even man-made buildings and structures. Use of fossil fuels to supply the energy requirements for diffe MoreBackground and Objective: Currently, there are many environmental challenges and crises such as air pollution and its unpleasant effects on human, plants, animals and even man-made buildings and structures. Use of fossil fuels to supply the energy requirements for different activities and spaces is the main reason for occurrence of air pollution. Usually the share of residential centers is not considered. In particular, the major trend in residential centers is using central boiler houses, which further highlights the importance of air pollution and its control in these pollutant stationary sources. Method: In this process, boiler house is inspected by spatial arrangement, technical operation, efficiency and combustion products. Afterward, by tuning the performance of the burner, detection of probability defects and proposing the solutions, that process is optimized as much as possible. Findings: The result of this project shows that the performance of the boiler house is undesirable. The reasons for this situation are: non-compliance of standards in boiler house building, improper arrangement of equipment and its undesirable operation, lack of timely service, unadjusted burners and improper chimney draft. These problems cause excessive and incomplete consumption and consequently lead to air pollution. Considering the importance of air pollution, especially in metropolitan and industrial cities, and also limited energy sources, technical inspection of boiler houses can be a way to access three main and effective objectives: optimization of energy consumption, reduction of air pollution and residents safety in buildings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Review and assess the social determinants of household waste produced per capita loss (Case Study: Tehran Municipality Region 3 and 10)
Yaghowb Peyvastehgar Jahanbin MirzaiiAbstract Background and Objective: Increasing production of waste in cities is an issue that municipalities deal with it and a significant amount of municipal funds spent on the collection, transport and disposal of the waste, in addition to the many environmental probl MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Increasing production of waste in cities is an issue that municipalities deal with it and a significant amount of municipal funds spent on the collection, transport and disposal of the waste, in addition to the many environmental problems will follow. Method: This paper aims to identify social factors that influence the production of household waste is reduced. For this purpose, the two regions 3 and 10 of Tehran municipality in terms of per capita household waste generation and associated social factors were studied. Because these two regions close together despite the population, in terms of physical and social differences with each other, which can help reduce household waste produced per capita. Then to answer assumptions, based on a survey questionnaire containing open and closed questions was used. Findings: The findings show that many social factors have a direct impact on per capita production of household waste, such as age, gender, marital status, family size, length of stay in Tehran and region, type of home and respect for the separation of waste. Then the two regions based on criteria and indicators of physical, social, environmental and management were evaluated and by region 3, percentage points respectively is 67, 64, 36 and 38 and the region 10 is 47, 46, 33 and 36. Finally, 20 action plan to reduce domestic waste generation per capita was presented with an emphasis on social factors. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the questionnaire were analyzed by using statistical tests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Evaluating Implementation of Energy Management Optimization in Household and Commercial Sectors of Metropolises Using SWOT (Case Study: Tehran Metropolis)
Samira khadivi Majid Abbaspour Abdol Reza KarbassiBackground and Objective: High energy consumption in residential and commercial sectors resulting from the lack of optimized management of the mentioned sectors imposes adverse effects in terms of economics, health and environment on a community. One of the ways to opti MoreBackground and Objective: High energy consumption in residential and commercial sectors resulting from the lack of optimized management of the mentioned sectors imposes adverse effects in terms of economics, health and environment on a community. One of the ways to optimize energy consumption is proper management. In order to prevent uncontrolled growth of energy consumption and maintain national energy resources is energy management in residential and commercial sectors in metropolises. Therefore, the development of implementation mechanisms in this sectors requires special attention. Method: After analyzing the results of energy consumption in Tehran and in the country, a total number of 96 questionnaires were prepared and distributed among the relevant experts to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats associated eith energy consumption in the household and commercial sectors. Subsequently, all the strategic factors were evaluated. The IFE and EFE matrices were used to evaluate the internal and external strategic factors. The total values of the IFE and EFE matrices were obtained to be 2.85 and 2.88, respectively. The mentioned matrices suggest that the metropolitan cities of Iran suffer from some internal weaknesses. This indicates that the weaknesses are more than the strength points. In terms of the external factors, the metropolitan cities in Iran are involved in managerial weaknesses so that the opportunities are less than the threats. Results: Codification of energy consumption strategies and patterns in metropolitan cities are considered as key factors in reducing energy consumption in the country. Given the high potential for savings, the household and commercial sectors should always be considered in terms of energy consumption management and optimization. In the next steps, the executive instructions concerning the five key strategies were presented to achieve the pattern of energy consumption in household and commercial sectors of metropolitan cities (Tehran) in Iran. Afterwards, a checklist was prepared to investigate the status of management execution and the strategy of energy consumption modification pattern in the household and commercial sectors of the metropolitan cities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Effects of Retention Time and Substrate Type on Biogas and Alkalinity Productions from Anaerobic Digestion of Slaughterhouse Wastes
Amaneh Salimi Shahnaz Danesh Seyed Hadi EbrahimiBackground and Objective: Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse solid wastes, such as rumen contents, is an appropriate treatment option for managing such residues, because of their significant role in reducing the environmental impacts as well as the potential for biog MoreBackground and Objective: Anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse solid wastes, such as rumen contents, is an appropriate treatment option for managing such residues, because of their significant role in reducing the environmental impacts as well as the potential for biogas production. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of retention time and substrate type on the biogas and alkalinity productions during anaerobic digestion of rumen contents. Method: This study aimed to investigate the effects of retention time and substrate type on biogas and alkalinity productions of slaughterhouse wastes using one liter anaerobic digester with batch flow. Experiments were performed at temperature of 35°C and retention time of 30 days with three types of substrate: cattle rumen contents, sheep rumen contents and their mixture (mixing ratio 1:1) with total solids of 6.5, 9.1 and 8.0%, respectively. Results: Maximum alkalinity was found in the digester containing cattle rumen contents as it increased pH. Thus, the highest cumulative biogas and methane yields obtained for these digesters were 286.1 and 80.7 mL/g VSdegraded respectively. Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that in the process of anaerobic digestion of rumen contents (regardless of substrate type and retention time), pH of the reactors can play a major role in biogas and methane productions. Thus, to prevent pH drop and to provide a suitable environment for the growth and activity of microorganisms, addition of an alkaline substance is required. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Measuring multiple bubbles in the housing sector (land and rent house): A recursive unit root test approach
Madjid Hatefi Madjumerd omolbanin Jalali Mohammad Rahimi GhasemabadiThe housing sector is one of the key sectors of Iran, which is of great importance.One of the issues that this market faces is the presence of speculators in this market, which leads to the bubble of this market and, thus, imposes a lot of costs on society. In this rega MoreThe housing sector is one of the key sectors of Iran, which is of great importance.One of the issues that this market faces is the presence of speculators in this market, which leads to the bubble of this market and, thus, imposes a lot of costs on society. In this regard, determining the bubble and date stamping and determining the type of existing bubbles in a single or multiple type can be of great help to policymakers. Considering this, the main objective of the present study was to investigate the bubbles dating in the housing market (land and rent house), the date stamping and determination of the single or multiple bubbles.The method used in this study is recursive unit root approach provided by Philips et al (2013), known as RADF and GSADF tests. The results of this study showed that Tehran and all urban areas, large cities, small and medium sized cities in the years 1382 to 1392 have experienced bubble periods at land prices and rentals, of which the most important bubble interval was from 1386 to 1387. There were also bubble periods in land prices and rentals from 1390 to 1392. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The effect of prior performance of investors on stock price based on Prospect theory
Mohammad Kaffash Panjeshahi Farrokh BarzidehIn this article utility of investors contains utility from consumption and utility from fluctuations in their investments. To prove the effect of prior performance of investors on stock price first the utility function was defined based on Prospect theory and variables MoreIn this article utility of investors contains utility from consumption and utility from fluctuations in their investments. To prove the effect of prior performance of investors on stock price first the utility function was defined based on Prospect theory and variables relating to prior outcomes and loss aversion were factored into utility function and then price equations were defined. In the other form, variables relating to prior performance in utility function were removed and price equations were defined. Next, the P/D ratio and logarithmic growth of stock prices were simulated in both forms and compared against real market data. By utilizing ANOVA and K-Means in the 1381-1393 period, it became clear that the mean and standard deviation in the first form are closer to real market data than those of the second form, meaning that removing variables relating to investors' prior returns from the utility function resulted in weaker estimates, the effect of prior investment performance of investors was confirmed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - تاثیر تناسبات هندسی بر عملکرد نور و نسبتهای برگرفته از طبیعت در خانههای تاریخی (نمونه موردی: خانههای اردبیل)
مهسا جوادی نوده آزاده شاهچراغی علیرضا عندلیببهر­ه­گیری از تناسبات برگرفته از طبیعت در معماری سنتی به عتوان اصلی جاری در تعامل محیط انسان ساخت با محیط طبیعی است. لذا که ارتباط ذاتی با طبیعت می­تواند به شباهتهای صوری ختم شود. این پژوهش به شناسایی میزان سازگاری تناسبات هندسی رایج در خانه­های تاریخی ب Moreبهر­ه­گیری از تناسبات برگرفته از طبیعت در معماری سنتی به عتوان اصلی جاری در تعامل محیط انسان ساخت با محیط طبیعی است. لذا که ارتباط ذاتی با طبیعت می­تواند به شباهتهای صوری ختم شود. این پژوهش به شناسایی میزان سازگاری تناسبات هندسی رایج در خانه­های تاریخی با عملکرد نور طبیعی بستر و نسبتهای طبیعی می­پردازد تا، رایج­ترین حالت جانمایی منطبق بر طبیعت را شناسایی نماید. براین اساس تعداد 28 اتاق شاه­نشین از 21 خانه تاریخی در اردبیل انتخاب می­گردد. با برداشت میدانی و استدلال منطقی داده­ها و روش هاى محاسباتى، تحلیل عددی داده­ها صورت می­گیرد. بدین ترتیب که با استفاده از نمودار فراوانی و ضریب تغییرات میانگین، توزیع نرمال تناسبات واقع بر شاه­نشین مشخص می­شود. سپس براساس محاسبات عددی میزان سازش این تناسبات هندسی و مشخصات نورگیرها با محدوده نفوذ نور طبیعی محاسبه می­شود. نتایج براساس رایج­ترین جانمایی­ها نشان می­دهد که محیط طبیعی و محیط انسان ساخت در معماری سنتی همساز و در تعامل با یکدیگراند. به نحوی که 95 درصد از تناسبات رایج در خانه­های تاریخی اردبیل از نسبتهای حسابی و تعداد زیادی از تناسبات طلایی پیروی می­کنند. که بالاترین هم­پوشانی را با فراوانی میزان توزیع و محدوده نفوذ نور طبیعی دارند. علاوه بر این محدوده بی­خطی آسمان از فضای داخلی نشان می­دهد که در تمامی نمونه­ها، طبیعت در حوزه بصری قرار دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Reduction Potential by Optimizing Energy Consumption in Office Building in Tehran Using Energy Plus Software
Saeed Shajari Azita Behbahaninia Ashkan Ebdali SusanBackground and Aim: Energy consumption in the country's buildings is about two to four times the average energy consumption in other countries of the world. Also in the construction sector, public and government buildings account for 70% of this energy consumption. The MoreBackground and Aim: Energy consumption in the country's buildings is about two to four times the average energy consumption in other countries of the world. Also in the construction sector, public and government buildings account for 70% of this energy consumption. The limited energy resources and the effects of losses on its excessive consumption make a suitable and optimal plan necessary from the perspective of energy consumption. The purpose of this study is to investigate and change the pattern of energy consumption in office buildings in order to reduce greenhouse gases.Methods: In order to perform optimization in the studied building, the amount of energy consumption and details related to the heating, cooling and lighting systems of the selected building were measured, collected and measured through field visits with the help of a luxury meter. In this study, using energy plus software, energy consumption for the building, which is in the group of buildings with high energy consumption, was simulated. It should be noted that the values of energy loss, comfort level and energy consumption indicators in the building. The selection was also calculated.Results: The results show that effective optimization measures in the building can reduce carbon dioxide emissions and reduce energy consumption by 14 to 20 percent annually.Conclusion: According to calculations, an average of 50% of annual energy consumption is wasted, which can be reduced to 30% by performing audit measures and thermal comfort, which is sometimes calculated to be more than 60% in certain seasons in the building increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Explain the Effects of Corona Pandemic on Viability (Case study: Rural Areas of Zahedan City)
Ahmad Hajarian Soheila DalvandiBackground and Aim: Coronavirus is one of the most contagious and infectious diseases of the 21st century, which has spread from China to the rest of the world since late December 2019 and has had many effects on the social, economic and environmental structures of vari MoreBackground and Aim: Coronavirus is one of the most contagious and infectious diseases of the 21st century, which has spread from China to the rest of the world since late December 2019 and has had many effects on the social, economic and environmental structures of various regions, including rural areas. Rural areas, especially in developing countries, are less prepared to deal with the direct and indirect impact of this crisis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of corona virus on the livelihood of rural households in Zahedan.Methods: This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and method of descriptive-analytical work, which is done in two ways: library study and field survey. The statistical population of the study consists of rural households in Zahedan city. Due to the dispersion of villages and their large number, 20 villages were randomly selected as the sample village.Results: According to the 2016 census, these villages have a total of 4456 households equal to It had a population of 18,365, of which 354 were selected using the Cochran's formula. Multivariate regression analysis and one-sample t-test were used to analyze the findings. The results showed that the livability indices of rural households with an average of 2.763 were lower than the desired situation. The study of the effects of coronavirus epidemic on indicators and variables of viability of rural households showed that the coronavirus epidemic had the greatest effect with a beta coefficient of -0.398 on economic viability and the least effect with a beta coefficient of -0.147 on the variable It has environmental viability.Discussion and Conclusion: Corona virus has affected the viability of rural areas Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Assessing the Effects of Household Economic Status on Energy Consumption (Case Study: Yazd City)
Amirnavid Soleymani Hamidreza GhaffarzadehThe aim of this article was to investigate the effect of household economic characteristics on energy consumption (case study, households living in Yazd), in whic Background and Aim: This study has been done in order to investigate the effects of household economic cha MoreThe aim of this article was to investigate the effect of household economic characteristics on energy consumption (case study, households living in Yazd), in whic Background and Aim: This study has been done in order to investigate the effects of household economic characteristics on energy consumption (case study, households living in Yazd). Methods: 383 households were selected as a sample by simple random sampling and the required information was collected through a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation coefficients. Results: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between education, income, job and type of home and energy consumption. In general, the economic situation of the family has a great impact on household energy consumption. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, there is a significant relationship between education and energy consumption, and with increasing education, energy consumption has increased. Also, employees consume more energy compared to people with freelance jobs, and retirees and workers consume less energy. Households with incomes above 9 million Tomans per month have consumed much more energy than households with incomes between one and three million Tomans per month, households living in affluent areas consume more energy and people who live in the suburbs and deprived areas consume less energy. h 383 households were selected as a sample by simple random sampling and the required information was collected through a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation coefficients. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between education, income, job and type of home and energy consumption. According to the results, there is a significant relationship between education and energy consumption, and with increasing education, energy consumption has increased. Also, employees consume more energy compared to people with freelance jobs, and retirees and workers consume less energy. Households with incomes above 9 million Tomans per month have consumed much more energy than households with incomes between one and three million Tomans per month, households living in affluent areas consume more energy And people who live in the suburbs and deprived areas consume less energy, in general, the economic situation of the family has a great impact on household energy consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Location of greenhouses for optimization in agriculture with sustainable development approach (Case study: Asadabad plain)
Abouzar Ramezani Moslem Darvishi Davod NejatBackgeround and Objective: Greenhouse refers to a limited space that has the ability to control the appropriate environmental conditions for the growth of plants in different areas during different seasons of the year. Rapid economic and cultural growth, population grow MoreBackgeround and Objective: Greenhouse refers to a limited space that has the ability to control the appropriate environmental conditions for the growth of plants in different areas during different seasons of the year. Rapid economic and cultural growth, population growth, soil and water constraints, the community's need for food, the existence of large consumer markets and the interest in producing off-season crops in recent years have led to the development of greenhouse crops. But choosing the wrong place to build a greenhouse leads to a waste of capital and the failure of these goals. The purpose of this study is to find the optimal location of the greenhouse in Asadabad plain with a sustainable development approach. Material and Methodology: Due to the existence of numerous and effective parameters –for the performance of greenhouses, the technique of multi-criteria analysis has been used to find a suitable location. Also, due to the uncertainty in the behavior of natural parameters, fuzzy logic has been used to model the effect of the parameters. Findings: The results show that of the total area of Asadabad plain, 10% are in a very good condition, 39% are in a good condition (suitable with restrictions) and 51% are in a bad condition in terms of greenhouse construction. Discussion and Conclusion: Relying on spatial analysis can reduce the investment risk for greenhouses and lead to environmental sustainability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Strategies for adapting the residential spaces to the specific conditions of The Coronavirus pandemic
Zinat Aminifar Fereshteh Ehsani Hamidreza Azemati Seyed Jamaleddin MahdinejadBackground and Objective: Home quarantine has been assumed as the best infliction-preventing solution and a way to control the spread of the virus in society. Nonphysical presence in workplaces, universities, schools, clubs, and similar spaces has broadened the resident MoreBackground and Objective: Home quarantine has been assumed as the best infliction-preventing solution and a way to control the spread of the virus in society. Nonphysical presence in workplaces, universities, schools, clubs, and similar spaces has broadened the residential functionality of the houses, and they have become cities on a small scale. In between, the houses’ weak response to specific needs during the Coronavirus pandemic can be very problematic. The present study aims to recognize the households’ expectations of the house and offer solutions to improve residential spaces during home quarantine.Material and Methodology: The pathological study and the need assessment of the current houses have been carried out based on a survey study on 832 individuals by an online questionnaire.Findings: The obtained data confirm the lifestyle changes in home quarantine. Watching movies, solitudes, reading books, and housekeeping have been frequent daily activities. During this time, residents have used the yard, roof, and green spaces in residential complexes more often compared to other communal areas.Discussion and Conclusion: This research has identified the desirable and undesirable house features and the preferences of residents regarding housing in quarantine and then presented architectural solutions in the form of simple and quick measures to adapt the current housing to meet the needs of residents during home quarantine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Assessment of the Geographic Location of Photovoltaic Power Plants on their CO2 Emission Reduction Using Ret Screen Software
Neda E Niknam Seyed Alireza Mirzaye hosseini Ali Mohammadi Lobat TaghaviIncreasing greenhouse gases emissions and limited fossil fuel resources, are two of the most important challenges of the century. Thus, the use of renewable energy is quickly developing and progressing in most countries. One of the appropriate resources for supplying el MoreIncreasing greenhouse gases emissions and limited fossil fuel resources, are two of the most important challenges of the century. Thus, the use of renewable energy is quickly developing and progressing in most countries. One of the appropriate resources for supplying electricity is solar energy. Photovoltaic systems have several unique advantages including pollution-free industrial processes, small off-grid applications, and low cost of repair and maintenance.In this study, two photovoltaic power plants, each with 30 KW capacities, in Kerman and Sari cities were selected and their economic and environmental analysis were conducted based on climatic conditions and local solar radiation using Ret Screen software.Kerman City located in the best radiation zone of Iran with 5/2 Kwh/m2/day energy reception and Sari City situated in the least appropriate sun radiation zone with 3/9 Kwh/m2/day energy reception were selected in this study.Results revealed that the use of photovoltaic power plant would reduce CO2 emissions in Kerman and Sari by 36 and 9 tons per year, respectively. Also the payback period in Kerman and Sari would be 7/3 and 11/2 years. According to this research, the geographical location of the photovoltaic power plant is also very important. Thus, the payback period for Kerman was 4 years less than sari and the amount of Reduction CO2 emission in Kerman was 4 times higher than Sari. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Technical, Environmental and Financial Feasibility Study of Solar Power Plants by Retscreen, according to the Targeting of Energy Subsidies (Case Study: Photovoltaic Plant of Tehran Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University)
Majid abbaspour Ali reza Mirzayehosseini Taraneh TaheriThe energy consumption growth in the country has been increased so much that it has made us an importer of energy instead of being a major exporter.In order to face such a threat, implementing strategies to optimize energy production and consumption,modif MoreThe energy consumption growth in the country has been increased so much that it has made us an importer of energy instead of being a major exporter.In order to face such a threat, implementing strategies to optimize energy production and consumption,modifying energy consumption patterns and utilization of renewable energies is necessary. In this regard Iran Azad University, as one of the first pioneers of utilization of renewable energies incampuses, has established a 12 kW photovoltaic power plant in Tehran science and Research Branch of it.In this study, we have taken advantage of The RETScreen International Photovoltaic Project Model in order to evaluate the energy production, life-cycle costs and greenhouse gas emissions reduction and finally analyze the financial viability.In this study, based on new electricity tariffs, three scenarios have been developed, according tothe targeting of energy subsidies and we have also dedicated one of our scenarios to the reduction ofgreenhouse gasses. In the first case the electricity price was set to 450 Rial/kWh and no credit was assigned to the reduction of greenhouse gasses (GHG), therefore equity payback (Return positive cash flow) has been 12.1 year. In the second case the electricity price was set to 2100 Rial/kWh, therefore equity payback (Return positivecash flow) was 8 year. Finally in the last scenario by considering a credit to the reduction of greenhouse gasses and electricity price being 2100 Rial/kWh and applying solar panels with high efficiency and suitableatteries(DOD=60%), equity payback(Return positive cash flow) will be reached within6 years. In conclusion, we can say that by applyingnew technologies and establishing supportive policiesof the government payback time can be reducedremarkably Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Technical Feasibility of CO2 Capturing through Post Combustion Process in Cement Industry to Reduce Greenhouse Gases
Farideh Atabi Abtin Ataei Ahmaad Khoshgerd Farzaneh Kiani Global warming occurs due to the increase of greenhouse gases emission including CO2, the consequence of which would be the drastic changes in the Earth's climate. Due to the consumption of fossil fuels and the chemical processes used to p More Global warming occurs due to the increase of greenhouse gases emission including CO2, the consequence of which would be the drastic changes in the Earth's climate. Due to the consumption of fossil fuels and the chemical processes used to produce cement at the stage of heating the raw material, the net amount of CO2 gas production in the cement industry is about 15 to 25% . The present research discusses the technical feasibility of recycling CO2 in Abyek Cement Complex, which is known as large cement industry in the country with the production capacity of about 12,500 tons per day on two production lines. The main fuel of furnaces in this industry is heavy oil. Due to the combustion, the gases emitted from the five-stage pre heater include 24.5% CO2, 7.6% H2O, 48% O2 by volume and 61.3% N2. With respect to the analysis of gases emitted from the furnace of Abyek Cement Complex and the factory's available facilities, the absorption was designed using post combustion process through the chemical absorption method using Monoethanolamine (MEA) by HYSYS software. The required equipment of the process was simulated and optimized and dimensions of all the process components were determined. The results show that approximately 117 ton per hour of CO2 with the efficiency of 97% at C with moisture content (1179 kg/h), Oxygen (2.5 kg/h), and nitrogen (16.5 kg/h) is absorbed which can be transferred to the consuming centers after pressurization and condensation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Investigation of pollution related to sludge obtained from the effluent treatment Of slaughter house and making the practical proposal (Study was conducted in mash had slaughter house)
Mostafa Khezri Masoud Monavari Parvin Farshchi Shadi Kafi MallakSludge, as an additional element in the process of treatment will cause numerous problems in long runs. Therefore, it has to be collected and disposed in sanitary ways. Disposing the sludge requires certain rules and it is often polluted by not following the environment MoreSludge, as an additional element in the process of treatment will cause numerous problems in long runs. Therefore, it has to be collected and disposed in sanitary ways. Disposing the sludge requires certain rules and it is often polluted by not following the environmental rules. Pollution will be transferred to human and agriculture crops through water and soil. The best method to control this problem is to utilize that material in an efficient way. In this paper, we proposed an efficient method to decrease the pollution of sludge obtained from Mashhad slaughter house, as an applicable sample, and we tried to optimize its usage in an efficient application. We sampled the sludge, obtained from the treatment process in Mashhad slaughter house, for several times. Then, we carried out the relative tests such as: chemical pollution (BOD, COD, PH, Nitrate, and phosphate), heavy metal (As, Hg, Ni, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd, Co), microbiology pollution, and animal feeding tests on the sludge samples. The obtained results indicate that the sludge could be utilized as animal feed. We prepared the cattle ration by using the utilized sludge as a portion. After cattle ration, the animal feed was prepared together with sludge and other elements. For measuring the value of the obtained ration, different experiments were conducted and outcome was compared with other factories' concentrated animal feed obtained forms such as: rice bran, wheat bran, straw, sugar beet pulp and barley. By drawing the relative curves, results showed that, the sludge obtained from Mashhad slaughter house satisfied the animal feed standard rules and perform better than other factories' products. To the best of our knowledge, our proposed method is the first research which studies the sludge obtained from the treatment process and tries to utilize its application efficiently in an animal feed ration which is very important and significant applicable research work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Assessment the Potential of Nutrient Pollution Caused by Household Waste and Livestock (Case Study: Cham Gardalan's dam Watershed)
Parisa Amiri Mehdi Ahmadikalan Fouzieh BeigmohammadiThe purpose of this study is to identify the sources of pollution in the catchment area of Chamgardalan Dam and to determine the potential for contamination of organic matter in the household and livestock waste of the catchment area and finally to provide guidelines MoreThe purpose of this study is to identify the sources of pollution in the catchment area of Chamgardalan Dam and to determine the potential for contamination of organic matter in the household and livestock waste of the catchment area and finally to provide guidelines for controlling and reducing pollution. After preparing the catchment area using Arc GIS10 software, field visits were conducted to accurately identify the sources of contamination of the catchment area, including villages and livestock units. Then, the contamination potential of organic matter in household and animal wastes was calculated. Then, the contamination potential of organic matter in household and animal wastes was calculated. About 56% of the total nitrogen load and 54% of the total phosphorus load are produced by various dams under the Gol Gol basin, and about 71% of the pollution potential from population centers is under the Gol Gol basin and 17% is under the Chaviz basin. And 12% below the basin. Accordingly, Gol Gol basin, due to the high density of rural population and also having the largest number of livestock and poultry farms in the catchment area, has the highest amount of household and livestock waste compared to the other two sub-basins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - A study on Ilam Housewives’ Environmental Approach
Maryam Azizi Hossein Mahdizadeh Seyed Mohammad ShobeiriThis study has been conducted in a descriptive method with the aim of identification, analysis and comparison of environmental attitudes of different groups of Ilam housewives. The statistical population (sample) includes all Ilam housewife residents aged from 20-45. I MoreThis study has been conducted in a descriptive method with the aim of identification, analysis and comparison of environmental attitudes of different groups of Ilam housewives. The statistical population (sample) includes all Ilam housewife residents aged from 20-45. Instrument of the study has been a questionnaire, developed by the researcher, and its validity has been certified by some knowledgeable experts of the field. Using Cronbach Alpha and Kuder-Richardson coefficients, its reliability turned out as acceptable. It is necessary to mention that environmental attitude in this study consists of three components: interest in the environment, responsibility toward environment, and state of environmental behavior. Generally and according to the results of data analysis in this study, it can be said that Ilam house wives have high interest in the environment and their environmental behavior is relatively good and their responsibility toward environment is low. Generally and according to the results of data analysis in this study, it can be said that Ilam house wives have high interest in the environment and their environmental behavior is relatively good and their responsibility toward environment is low. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - An intertexuality look at the poetry of Shahnameh
Ahmadreza Yalameha Moslem RajabiIntertextuality is one of the new approaches in the literature criticism. The basis of this approach is that every text can not stand by itself. In fact a text is a quotation or reflection of previous text. The Divan of poets as well as the books of men of letters is no MoreIntertextuality is one of the new approaches in the literature criticism. The basis of this approach is that every text can not stand by itself. In fact a text is a quotation or reflection of previous text. The Divan of poets as well as the books of men of letters is not exception in this regard. One of the great and precious Divan in the Persian literature is Shahnameh that is written by Ferdousi. This Divan is a good source that can be analyzed from intertextulity perspective. A close look at this book reveals that there are many couplets based on Hadith of Excellencies of immaculate ones PBUT. intertextuality has been reflected throughout the book. Ferdousi has used Hadith lexicons and phrases. This research paper has tried to investigated and show intertextuality and study this technique in great book of Shahnameh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - The Qoran, its meanings and its relation to the eternity
Seyed Mehdi Ahmadi NikThe Qorau's response to the daily needs and believ inz in eternity 1S one of the beliefs of Muslims .This belief has encouraged Muslim thinkers to discuss about the quality of the Qorans response in the realm of times and its eternity and offer ideal and reasonable resp MoreThe Qorau's response to the daily needs and believ inz in eternity 1S one of the beliefs of Muslims .This belief has encouraged Muslim thinkers to discuss about the quality of the Qorans response in the realm of times and its eternity and offer ideal and reasonable responses .This examination has led to some precious results and the quality of the response to the needs of different times and generations has been clarified. Meanings realm of the Qoranic verses is definitely one of the most important subjects which can answer these needs and has been emphasized in the traditions .This research will consider the mentioned subject in the traditions under the title of appearance and reality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - A Survey on Semantic implication of Quran Terms and their manifestation in Affected Prays
Mohsen Abdollahi Mohammad Hossein SaeniQuran's expressing method, its phrasings and paraphrasing in new version is the most significant miracle of Quran according to many literature and science scholars. Also the characteristic of selected words is in a way that words movement or changing them is not possibl MoreQuran's expressing method, its phrasings and paraphrasing in new version is the most significant miracle of Quran according to many literature and science scholars. Also the characteristic of selected words is in a way that words movement or changing them is not possible. Regarding semantic synonyms, not only each term finds its own position by semantic combination of other terms but also by the terms before or after it; in other words any synonym can't be replaced by another. There is no complete synonym in Quran's terms; the ones who emphasize synonym, in fact emphasize common meanings of terms and neglect the special meaning of each term. On the other hand and based on Thaqalayn Hadith, there is an inseparable relationship between Quran and Prophet's Households. The author of the present paper intends to study Quran's expressing manifestations in prays and some terms such as Praise, Grace, Fear and Humility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Analyzing the intertextual relations between the houses of the walkers and the book of whiteness and blackness based on Gerard Genet's theory
elham ghanavatimohammadghasemi ahmad khiyali khatibi aliasghar halabiIntertextuality is the production of a text through interaction with the texts of its predecessors or contemporaries, and those texts are shared in the required text explicitly, not explicitly and implicitly from one text to another. Gerard Genet is considered one of th MoreIntertextuality is the production of a text through interaction with the texts of its predecessors or contemporaries, and those texts are shared in the required text explicitly, not explicitly and implicitly from one text to another. Gerard Genet is considered one of the most prominent researchers in the field of intertextuality, as most of his studies focus on the nature of narrative discourse. This article was written in a descriptive and analytical manner using library sources. He studied the intertextuality in the books “Manazil al-Sa’irin” and “Al-Bayyad wa Al-Sawad”, both of which are in Arabic and have been translated into Persian. The Houses of the Walkers were assessed as post-text and the book of whiteness and blackness as a pre-text, and the participation of the text of whiteness and blackness in the text of the Houses of the Walkers was determined explicitly, indirectly and implicitly with a special look at the mentality of Gerard Genet.Research conducted indicates that Khwaja Abdullah Al-Ansari was influenced by Al-Bayad wa Al-Sawad Al-Sirjani. Explicit intertextuality is not seen in this work, non-explicit intertextuality has less frequency than implicit intertextuality, and in general, the conceptual commonalities of Walkers' Houses are limited to whiteness and blackness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - The Household (p.f.t) in poem of ‘’Kashajam’’, Alsendi-ebne-Shahak,s grandson
Seyed Mohammad Razi Mostafaviniya Mohammad Abedin BayeganKashajam Mahmood-ebne-Hosein is one of the poets of second era in Abbasi age. At first he worked as a cook in the court and then becamed famous as a poet and literary man by Abi Elhija Hamdani .Then by his son Seif-ol-Dole Hamdani got attracted to Egypt during MoreKashajam Mahmood-ebne-Hosein is one of the poets of second era in Abbasi age. At first he worked as a cook in the court and then becamed famous as a poet and literary man by Abi Elhija Hamdani .Then by his son Seif-ol-Dole Hamdani got attracted to Egypt during his traveling. Several books are remained after him such as a book of poem in which eulogy and description attained perfection.Kashajam was Alseni-ebne Shahak,s grandson, the jailor of Haroon-o-Rashid, Abbasi caliph.The one who accepted to be the jailor and torturer of Imam Mousa-ebne-Jafar (p.f.h) and at the end martyred him by poison. Kashajam talks about his love toward The Household and their Shiite, supports them and mourns over their difficulties.This matter caused us to examine his aspect of his poem in this article and talk about the differences concerning political and religious favouritism among members of his family. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - A Study and Analysis of the Contrast between Tradition and Modernity in the house of the Edrisis Novel
Mahnaz Abhari Manizhe Falahi Ali EskandariAlizadeh, which has always been considered by critics and readers of fiction since its publication in 1991. This novel, which is dealt with in a realistic style, deserves to be studied and analyzed with various approaches. The present article has undertaken the study of MoreAlizadeh, which has always been considered by critics and readers of fiction since its publication in 1991. This novel, which is dealt with in a realistic style, deserves to be studied and analyzed with various approaches. The present article has undertaken the study of its theme from the point of view of reflection and contrast between tradition and modernism and has tried to study and analyze its content in a descriptive and analytical way in terms of author's confrontation with the category of tradition and modernity. The findings of the article show that while depicting the evolution of the traditional society in which the Idrisis' house is a symbol, the author tries to draw the image and function of totalitarian systems as a symbol of modernity in the inner layers of the story.The author portrays the fate of the characters in the text of the struggles of an evolving period with fluent and enlightened prose and realistic partial writing to show that the path of modernity and the emergence of change in traditional societies without the gradual evolution of these societies and the lack of strong intellectual currents can lead to the establishment of totalitarian authoritarian regimes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Study of the Contents of Sanāʾi’s Qalandariyyāt
Ali Abbas alizadeh Ali Mohammad MoazzeniQalandari poetry represents the final stage in achieving Sufi revelations and the culmination of the Sufis’ contemplations through an artistic language. The only way to understand the peculiar evolution of mystics is no doubt to discover the linguistic and context MoreQalandari poetry represents the final stage in achieving Sufi revelations and the culmination of the Sufis’ contemplations through an artistic language. The only way to understand the peculiar evolution of mystics is no doubt to discover the linguistic and contextual changes in their thoughts. Sanāʾi is the inaugurator of this concept in the realm of poetry. His language and contemplations in composing Qalandariyyāt takes an altered mode; an audacious language and such unconventional considerations as to achieve candor, an attitude of radical detachment from the world. This paper is to study the contents of Sanāʾi’s Qalandariyyāt. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Impacts of Second Home Tourism on Restructuring Rural Settlements: A Case Study on Foudije Village, Bahabad County
Seyed Mahmoud Mirabolghasemi -
Open Access Article
122 - Non-verbal communication analysis in the system "Srivily Home» Nima Youshij
Mohammadreza Neshaei moghaddam Koobra NodehiThe sign as a symbol is a concept that is derived from the movement of some human organs or spatial and temporal positions and is more important and effective than verbal communication in places. In order to establish a good relationship, it is necessary to co-operate w MoreThe sign as a symbol is a concept that is derived from the movement of some human organs or spatial and temporal positions and is more important and effective than verbal communication in places. In order to establish a good relationship, it is necessary to co-operate with the components in which the coordination between them can show us an interpretable connection, and the role of non-verbal communication is very important. The aim of this study is to examine the Nima's symbolic view as an innovative poet and traitor in different communication platforms and to achieve different reactions and reactions to the audience. The research, descriptive and analytical show Nima Youshij System " Srivilys Home" through non-verbal communication to reinforce the message of your verbal and has managed it to your audience spread the use of signs of nonverbal communication As with environmental conditions, the color and state of the body in this system are more impressive and the use of these signs to emphasize and highlight the expression and in order to induce the desired concepts Nima. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - "The house of thorn" novel as a metaphor for Noah's Flood
Nazanin Farzad“The House of Thorns” is a work of the contemporary Iranian writer, Abdolhossein Farzad. The time is stopped for the narrator at seven in the morning. This suspension in timelessness is an opportunity for the narrator to analyze history. His goal is to explo More“The House of Thorns” is a work of the contemporary Iranian writer, Abdolhossein Farzad. The time is stopped for the narrator at seven in the morning. This suspension in timelessness is an opportunity for the narrator to analyze history. His goal is to explore the past to find the moment of human evil; because the end of human dignity has paralyzed the narrator’s brain. This research is descriptive – analytical. The research findings show that it is a metaphorical work. This novel is a metaphor of Noah’s flood and the narrator’s bed is like Noah’s Ark. The storm of “The House of Thorns” and the waves which are hitting the ship of the narrator’s bed and occupying his mind, are metaphors for various waves of thoughts: waves of time, history, art, literature, poetry, philosophy and physics especially Quantum mechanics and till the end of the story and the end of the storm that the rainbow of “knowledge is power” appears, the author like Noah tries to talk about the problematic human and giving meaning to life with help of art ,poetry ,literature and humanistic cinema ,seeking to save mankind and human dignity by the Ark of his thoughts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - The space of coffeehouse in Persian and Arabic novels: Ahmad Mahmood and Abd al-Rahman Munif
Yadollah Malayeri Mojtaba OmranipourThis study examines coffeehouse as a fictional space in the novels of Ahmad Mahmood, and Abd al-Rahman Munif. If space, on the one hand, is equal to the world, situation of entities, things and deeds, and on the other hand, a scale to measure knowledge and ontological, MoreThis study examines coffeehouse as a fictional space in the novels of Ahmad Mahmood, and Abd al-Rahman Munif. If space, on the one hand, is equal to the world, situation of entities, things and deeds, and on the other hand, a scale to measure knowledge and ontological, sociological and cultural relations, the coffeehouse in the examined novels in this study is extract of this equality and scale. This focus on coffeehouse for the comparative study with the aim of opening a window for the dialogue between Iran and Arab world as well as to establish improvement of coexistence and multilateralism and justifies choose of the two writers, for their attention to the coffeehouse and values this study seeks. specially in Mahmood's novels hamsāyehā (neigbours), dāstāne yek shahr (the tale of one city) and zamine sukhte (burned earth), and Abd al-rahmān Munif's penta-volume modon al-milḥ (cities of salt), and triple novel of arḍ al-sawwād. This comparative study benefitted from achievements of two American and Russian literary schools that focus on similarities and inconsistencies of literary works and relationship between literature and other spheres of knowledge. This study has three section: 'coffeehouse: location and textual function'; 'coffeehouse and tradition' and 'coffeehouse and history'. At the end, reaches to the result that this space has considerable artistic and cognitive role in the examined novels and is one of the most important constituents of the story that helps writers via knowing its location and its relation to the history and tradition in the text, to convey aesthetic and epistemological messages to the reader. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Contradictions in The Personality of De'bel Khazaee
Yahya MarufThere are few Shiite poets or authors who have defended the holy prophet(PBUH& HP) and his household and have not been under various accusations. This paper examines the contradictory views of historians in introducing Shiite poets, among which De' MoreThere are few Shiite poets or authors who have defended the holy prophet(PBUH& HP) and his household and have not been under various accusations. This paper examines the contradictory views of historians in introducing Shiite poets, among which De'bel Kazaee (martyred 246 lunar) is selected. The paper tries to answer the following questions: Considering all these contradictions can one rely on the historians' views in introducing De'bel Khazaee's personality? Are they possibly prejudiced? Are there any statements which reject their views? This paper questions historians' accusations upon De'bel which is in turn answered based on the same charges. The aim is to reveal hidden aspects of charges and compare and contrast historians' views to leave the judgment to the just reader him/herself so that s/he can attain a reasonable conclusion. The assumptions are as follows: 1.These historians' views are due to their enmity to Shiite. 2. To detach people from Shiite religion there were forced to invent accusations. 3. These charges are ordered by tyrannical rulers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - The Review of the Effect of Moon Astrology in the Tehran Stock Exchange: Evidence from the Moon Financial Astrology
ali mohamadi Akbar AliabadiAstrology examines the effects of celestial bodies in terms of distance, mass, position and speed of movement in the universe, especially the planets of the solar system, on the events of the earth and the conditions of its inhabitants. One of the new field of astrology MoreAstrology examines the effects of celestial bodies in terms of distance, mass, position and speed of movement in the universe, especially the planets of the solar system, on the events of the earth and the conditions of its inhabitants. One of the new field of astrology is financial astrology, which is based on the investigation of the effects of celestial bodies in the financial markets and how their effects occur. This article is done with the aim of how the rotation and position of the moon in the sky can affect the financial markets. For this purpose، the statistical population of the Tehran Stock Exchange and the statistical sample of the total index were selected for a period of 13 years (2009-2021) and examined by the T-TEST method. The results show the effects of some indicators of the moon on the variables of volatility، volume and number of transactions، but the return is not affected by this. Therefore، the hypothesis of the effect of the moon's qualities (new and full moon، first and third squares) on the volatility and number of transactions is accepted، and the hypothesis of the effect of the position on the moon in the sign zodiac of house and detriment sign for the volume and exaltation and fall sign for volatility transactions is accepted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - The role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and coping styles in prediction of rumination in women (who referred to Health Houses of district 14 in Tehran)
Farzane Rezaei simindokht rezakhaniThe purpose of this study was to predict the rumination in women on the basis of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and coping styles. The research was descriptive and correlational. All women who referred to Health Houses of district 14 in Tehran in autumn 2013 co MoreThe purpose of this study was to predict the rumination in women on the basis of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and coping styles. The research was descriptive and correlational. All women who referred to Health Houses of district 14 in Tehran in autumn 2013 comprised the study population. Sample size was 260 people who were selected voluntarily. Questionnaires of Rumination Response Scale (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991), Cognitive Emotion Regulation (Garnefski, 2006) and Coping Strategies (Rezakhani, 1388) were completed by sample group. The data was ananlyzied through standard multiple regression and the following results were optained: The components of cognitive emotion regulation predicted 37% and coping strategies 13/9% rumination variance in studied population. The findings also showed that among of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, the components of self- blaming and rumination are predicted positively and significantly (p<./0001) and component of acceptance is predicted negatively and significantly (p<./0001) and emotional- oriented coping strategy predict the rumination in women positively and significantly (p<./0001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Investigation of Effective Parameters for Improvement of OSNR and Increasing of the Channel Capacity in Optical Communication Systems
Majid Malekian Hossein Emami Mohsen Ashourian -
Open Access Article
129 - Use of ICD (International Classification of Diseases) to prepare medical data in decision support systems
Forough Sadat Hosseini Mehdi Afzali Mahmood MoradiData quality is very crucial for the success Data analysis.The data loaded to the data warehouse must be correct, accurate and must be of very high quality.High quality data in the data warehouse will result in the better analysis and better decision making.So this data MoreData quality is very crucial for the success Data analysis.The data loaded to the data warehouse must be correct, accurate and must be of very high quality.High quality data in the data warehouse will result in the better analysis and better decision making.So this data quality issues must be addressed before the data is loaded in to the data warehouse. Data cleaning find errors and remove errors.It also detect and deals with data redundancy and data inconsistency. Data cleaning using ETL to ensure quality data in the data warehouse for effective business intelligence. The purpose of data cleansing is to detect so called dirty data (incorrect, irrelevant or incomplete parts of the data) to either modify or delete it to ensure that a given set of data is accurate and consistent with other sets in the system. This research aims to explain and clarify data cleaning method for correcting dirty data. The sample database was defined as the collection of all diseases in the provinces of Zanjan, Elam and Hamedan. In order to solve the problems in the sample database C # and SQL store Procedure was applied. An important part of the results revealed the error after data cleaning was reduced to 0.008 %. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - A new approach for data cleaning to improve quality of data warehouse
Ali Shahnavaz Mehdi Afzali Shima RahimzadehData management provides a tool that the information organization needs will be answered based on that properly. The most important issue in business intelligence is data quality. Data quality can guarantee data cleaning before uploading it to the data warehouse. Data c MoreData management provides a tool that the information organization needs will be answered based on that properly. The most important issue in business intelligence is data quality. Data quality can guarantee data cleaning before uploading it to the data warehouse. Data cleaning is a procedure which includes the process of errors detection and correction and inconsistencies in the data warehouse. Because of the huge number of data in databases many problems and contradictions have been emerged. The main goal of this study is to remove inconsistencies in the databases in order to clean up the dirty data. A new approach with the purpose of improving the quality of data warehouse for correct decisions has been provided. For testing the proposed approach, data collection of student health certificate were used. Through the implementation of this approach we have been able to detect dirty data and then with using students’ national code, the correction process has been applied to them. Based on the achieved results, the amount of dirty data decreased from %25.79 to %4.97. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - The Role of Form in the Transcendence of Aesthetic Experience with an Emphasis on Islamic Philosophers’ Opinions and Look at the Tabatabaei House
Maryam Bakhtiarian Firoozeh Sheibani RezvaniThe purpose of this research is to explain the role of the Islamic form and its relationship with meaning in Islamic art, from the perspective of thinkers in this field by citing examples of architecture in the Islamic era. In this qualitative research, the possibilitie MoreThe purpose of this research is to explain the role of the Islamic form and its relationship with meaning in Islamic art, from the perspective of thinkers in this field by citing examples of architecture in the Islamic era. In this qualitative research, the possibilities of form in the excellence of Islamic art, beauty criteria from the perspective of Islamic sages, and considering the formal elements in the architecture of the Tabatabaei family's house were described and analyzed. The results of this research can be summarized as follows; from the point of view of known Islamic philosophers, the importance of the form in the excellence of Islamic art is that the audience approaches the spiritual experience through this art. In comparing the position of the form in Islamic aesthetics with the concept of form in Western aesthetic thinking, it is evident that the role of the Islamic form is in discovering and recognizing mysteries in the phenomena, and the importance of this role can only be identified in the connection between the form and its meaning. Islamic formal elements such as centrism and geometry, symbol and code, light and color, and abstraction have clear evidence in artistic works such as carpet art, painting, calligraphy, and architecture in the Islamic era. In a case study of the Tabatabaei house, elements such as center and geometry, code and symbol, color and light, and abstraction connect sublime concepts such as unity, goodness, perfection, and beauty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Reading Climatic Patterns in the Facade of Iranian-Islamic Houses
Sayedeh Mahsa Zamanian Mohammad Latifi Mohammadjavad MahdavinejadThe formation principles of buildings in Iranian-Islamic architecture and their alignment with the climate have resulted in a sustainable architectural form. In this context, the emphasis has been particularly placed on the climatic characteristics in the facades of bui MoreThe formation principles of buildings in Iranian-Islamic architecture and their alignment with the climate have resulted in a sustainable architectural form. In this context, the emphasis has been particularly placed on the climatic characteristics in the facades of buildings as a crucial link between the external and internal environments and as the most vital component of a building in facing climatic conditions. Effectively utilizing climatic patterns enhances energy efficiency, daylight utilization, visual comfort, and more within the building structure. Hence, this research aims to identify various climatic patterns used in the facades of Iranian-Islamic houses and reviews relevant studies in this field to explore their reinterpretation in contemporary architecture. To achieve this goal, a descriptive-analytical approach was adopted to grasp the essence of the issue, supplemented by a literature review to underscore the significance of these patterns with climatic functions in building facades. The parameters studied encompass Iranian-Islamic patterns that incorporate climatic functions in house facades. The obtained results affirm the feasibility of updating these patterns to create climate-responsive facades using modern technologies, thereby assisting existing studies in determining the optimal approaches for facade optimization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - A Comparative Comparison of the Mutual Impact of Ritual Ceremonies in Tribal Culture and Construction Methods in Yurt-Style Native Settlements (Case Study Example: Madhif Arab and Vijita Grass Houses)
Faezeh Mohsenizadeh Kermani Seyedeh Marzieh Tabaeian Bahram ShahediThe first human efforts towards settlement took the form of native settlements, and yurts stand out as one of the earliest examples, which continue to be constructed despite all technological advancements. The construction and use of these indigenous structures are clos MoreThe first human efforts towards settlement took the form of native settlements, and yurts stand out as one of the earliest examples, which continue to be constructed despite all technological advancements. The construction and use of these indigenous structures are closely tied to the performance of specific rituals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the construction methods of these structures from a cultural perspective and to consider their impact on the associated rituals. The examples studied include the grass houses among the Wichita people and the Mudhif structures built by Arab tribes. These structures were erected in a similar hot and dry climate but belong to distinct cultural domains. The qualitative and textual research method employed is based on a case study approach with a comparative-analytical strategy. The process of collecting library and field information, along with its analysis, is presented through graphic models and data analysis tables. The study and comparison of the results have revealed differences in the timing of ritual ceremonies associated with these structures, the origins of which have been explored in the sources. The research findings indicate that, as a result of changes in the indigenous tribal cultures of the Wichita Indians and the Arabs, the grass houses and Mudhif structures have gradually declined in parallel with their tribal cultures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Investigating the Syntactic Codes of the Qajar Period Houses of Yazd from the Semiotic Point of View (Using the Space Syntax Method)
Zainab Damyar Leila Zare Avideh Talaei Mostafa Mokhtabad AmreiThe houses of the Qajar period of Yazd have many historical, cultural and architectural values as architectural texts comprising signs and codes, as the main propositions of traditional architecture. Perception and discovery of the hidden secrets in architectural texts MoreThe houses of the Qajar period of Yazd have many historical, cultural and architectural values as architectural texts comprising signs and codes, as the main propositions of traditional architecture. Perception and discovery of the hidden secrets in architectural texts is achieved through reading and through semiotics. This research has explained the syntactic codes as one of the semiotic codes using the space syntax method. First, in-depth studies were carried out in the field of theoretical foundations and the influential components and indicators in space syntax were identified, and then a number of ten bab houses of the Qajar period of Yazd were tested as selected samples for reading and analyzing the spatial structure, based on the space syntax method. The upcoming research analyzes the syntactic components of the spatial structure through a case study in two parts of field studies and Depsmap software to discover the syntactic codes of the selected houses. In this analysis, the samples are measured based on the components of interlinking, relative depth, visibility, entropy, and visual connection, and after analyzing data and field studies of space syntax, results lead to the discovery of syntactic codes of houses. The results show that the syntactic codes of these houses are explained in the form of concepts and meanings derived from the relational systems of the texts, based on spatial hierarchy, cohabitation, order and disorder, mystery and secrecy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Place Of an Inmate Of the Great Mystics Of the Islamic Mystical Poetry by Qasim Anwar
Yadollah Bahmani MotlaghQasem Anwar (837 -757 AH.) Great Iranian mystic and poet of the Timurid era , mysticism and literature of Khorasan, Azarbaijan and Gilan and Ibn Arabic poetry compilation of thoughts about the perfect man and Unity along Kbrvyh Khorasan Sufi and Shiite movements Sfvyh A MoreQasem Anwar (837 -757 AH.) Great Iranian mystic and poet of the Timurid era , mysticism and literature of Khorasan, Azarbaijan and Gilan and Ibn Arabic poetry compilation of thoughts about the perfect man and Unity along Kbrvyh Khorasan Sufi and Shiite movements Sfvyh Azerbaijan offers. He was a great Sufi Muslim mystics and the Court of Hussein ibn Mansur al-Hallaj, Bayazid Bastami, Ghazali and Hafy human goodness and learn to respect their praises high, often thought of as imparting to the Shiite Imams Ali, Imam Hussein, Imam Jafar Sadiq (as ) and Hazrat Mahdi (as) has expressed devotion . Among the bits from all over to Hazrat Ali (AS) and follow a spiritual sonnets dedicated to Imam Ali in which he explicitly declared that his true followers. Ghasemi pursuant to which the poet Poets Iraqi style is great, the greatest mystic poets like Rumi's poems orientation, Hafez, Sanai evident. This aspect of our study of poetry Qasim Anwar will lead to many hidden aspects of his thought. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Feeding potential and survival of predator, Chrysoperla carnea on greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporarium in laboratory conditions
Zinat Ahmadzadeh Bijan HatamiFeeding potential and survival of predator, Chrysoperla carnea on nymphal population of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporarium were studied in lab conditions. Daily consumption rate of larval different stages of green lacewing on pest nymphs was 16.04±1.74, MoreFeeding potential and survival of predator, Chrysoperla carnea on nymphal population of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporarium were studied in lab conditions. Daily consumption rate of larval different stages of green lacewing on pest nymphs was 16.04±1.74, 21.5±2.56 & 22.3±1.92 for 1st instar, 2nd instar and 3rd instarrespectively and predator consumpted 215 different stsge nymphs of greenhouse whitefly totally. Survival percent reduced from egg(85%) to 3rd instar(4%) so that not convert to pupariom stage anyone and died. So in spite of enough population of pest, the predator could not complete it, s development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - New reports of Collembola for Iran with surveying of their importance in the greenhouses of Esfahan province, Iran
Mohammad Reza Nematollahi Mohammad Reza Bagheri Jerzy Michal RadwanskiThrough inspections in vegetables and ornamentals greenhouses in Esfahan province, during 2005-2006, some specimens of Collembola were found feeding on the root and crown of wilting or dying seedlings. Identified species and their hosts were as follow: Sinella tenebrico MoreThrough inspections in vegetables and ornamentals greenhouses in Esfahan province, during 2005-2006, some specimens of Collembola were found feeding on the root and crown of wilting or dying seedlings. Identified species and their hosts were as follow: Sinella tenebricosa (Entomobryidae) and Proisotoma minuta (Isotomidae) from African violet, and Ceratophysella sp. (Hypogastruridae) from greenhouse cucumber and parsley. Studies indicated that these collembolans reach to high density, with more damage on plants, in greenhouses and pots with higher humidity and shorter irrigation periods. In the infested plants, secondary roots were devoured completely and the plants could be easily infected by pathogens, due to collembolan damages to plant crown. Among the indicated species, only P. minuta was recorded from Iran, and Ceratophysella sp. might be a new species to the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Diazinon residue in greenhouse cucumber of Tehran fruit and vegetable markets
Yahya Ostadi Gholamreza Yavari Mahmoud Shojaei Seyyed Mehdi Mirdamadi Sohrab ImaniTo evaluate Diazinon residue in greenhouse cucumber in fruit and vegetable markets in Tehrans, 90 samples were conducted from 59 area selected by stratified sampling method. First the samples divided by two groups ,washed samples and not washed samples , then each of th MoreTo evaluate Diazinon residue in greenhouse cucumber in fruit and vegetable markets in Tehrans, 90 samples were conducted from 59 area selected by stratified sampling method. First the samples divided by two groups ,washed samples and not washed samples , then each of them divided by three types peeled , not peeled and only peelings. The residues measured in all of the type samples extracted by solid phase extraction method and extracts analyzed by GC and GC/MS systems. Results showed that in two samples there were residue higher than the Maximum Residual Levels , and the amount of residue were 1.2 ppm in washed and notpeeled sample (washed cucumber) and 10.4 ppm in not washed peel sample. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - the relationship between social capital and quality of life in female-headed households in Dogonbadan City
yousef tazesh zohre diymad The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social capital and quality of life in female-headed households in Dogonbadan This cross sectional study was done on women headsof Dogonbadan City during six months. (200 Perso More The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social capital and quality of life in female-headed households in Dogonbadan This cross sectional study was done on women headsof Dogonbadan City during six months. (200 Person) Study tools were include: demographic questionnaire, the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) - Iranian species. and questionnaire of World Bank social capital (SC-IQ), respectively. Analysis of results were performed with SPSS software and using Descriptive statisticsand analytical Tests The findings of this study demonstrate that the quality of life and social capital for women-headed households are totally interdependent and they have positive impact on each other. and life quality of female-headed households Dogonbadan was at a lower level of Dogonbadan People's general quality of life. and on the other hand, social capital is relatively low in these women and requires serious attention and long-term planning authorities based on community-based research approaches, in order to improve the quality of life and significant changes in order to increase social capital and This collective participation of vulnerable people.Extended AbstractIntroduction: The concept of quality of life dates back to the time of Aristotle in 385 BC. At that time, Aristotle considered "good life" or "doing good things" to mean happiness. At that time, living happily is considered equivalent to what is called quality of life today. Quality of life reform was not used until the twentieth century. Over time, researchers have realized that quality of life can be one of the most important consequences of health assessments. As the World Health Organization's definition of health emphasizes (Fayers and Machin, 2013.55). Quality of life is a complex and multidimensional concept of population conditions and status, defined in a specific geographical scale (city, village and country) (Harirchi, 2009.98). From the beginning of the 60's, the concept of quality of life became popular in European countries. In some advanced societies, the term has been used in conjunction with and sometimes synonymously with other terms such as public welfare, social welfare, social security, and the like. The category of quality of life is widely related to the concept of welfare, social relations, trust and social participation (Noghani, 2008.112) and can be the basis for strengthening social capital. Social capital is one of the social determinants of health that affects the health of communities (Murayama et al, 2012). Numerous indicators can be used to measure social capital in a society at the macro level. One of these indicators is the level of social support for vulnerable groups in society (children, women, etc.) (Siegler, 2014). Women heads of households are one of the groups. Today, family restructuring due to war, urbanization, divorce, marital addiction, etc. has led to an increase in the number of female-headed households worldwide (Aghajanian and Thompson, 2013). If the statistical data show an increasing trend and the proportion of female-headed households in the last three decades (Aghajanian and Thompson, 2013.22). 37.5% of the world's households are headed by women (2012.29, Moti et al). And in Iran, according to the statistics of the Welfare Organization, during 10 years (75-85), 60 thousand and three hundred people have been added to the population of women heads of households every year. Lack of social capital components and limitation of social relations network in the life of female-headed households due to issues such as divorce, many responsibilities and multiple roles have caused this vulnerable group of society with many problems and obstacles, including turning to crime. And face corruption to meet the needs of life, create deviation and disruption in the upbringing of children, increase the number of troubled families and create mental disorders in family members, the spread of material and cultural poverty in society and ultimately reduce their quality of life (Lewis et al ., 2013.12). Therefore, the need to pay attention to social capital and quality of life in women caregivers seems necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social capital components and quality of life in female-headed households in Dogonbadan.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was performed on female heads of Dogonbadan city (200 people) over a period of 6 months. The response rate was 73.7%. Study tools include 1- Demographic information questionnaires, including variables: age, marital status (married, single, unmarried due to death and divorce), level of literacy (illiterate, elementary, middle and university), employment (employed, unemployed) ), Ethnicity, per capita home area, number of dependents, average household income, home amenities, number of rooms available, length of stay, health insurance coverage, chronic illness and current illness. 2- WHOQOL Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL) - Iranian species, which has 4 domains of physical health, mental health, social relations and environmental health, each of which has 7, 6, 3, 8 questions, respectively. Likert face is, is. 3. World Bank Social Capital Questionnaire (SC-IQ), which is designed for developing countries and examines social capital at the household level. Analysis of results using SPSS software version 21 using descriptive statistics tests such as mean and standard deviation and analytical statistics such as Pearson correlation tests and also to investigate the effects of various factors on the dimensions of quality of life and social capital from multiple linear regression. With the entry of variables in the models, it was used in a combined method.Results and discussion: The majority of female-headed households in this study were middle-aged, unemployed, and had a high school or secondary education level. Research on the employment status of women heads of households also shows that due to lower levels of literacy, they have more limited job opportunities than male-headed households, and on the other hand, government support for these women is very low. According to the results of this study, the average quality of life scores of these women are lower than the general population of Dogonbadan in all four dimensions of physical, mental, social and environmental health. In this study, there was a significant relationship between age and overall quality of life and its dimensions in terms of mental health, environment, social relationship, which means that with age, the quality of life of women heads of households in these areas decreases. In terms of physical health, the only variable of education showed a significant relationship on the quality of life of female-headed households. It seems that in the physical dimension, people with higher secondary education are in a better and more appropriate condition than people with primary or illiterate education. The findings of this study also showed that there is a significant relationship between environmental health and marital status (divorce due to divorce). Researchers believe that marital status is a predictor of quality of life in all aspects and the presence of a spouse as a supporter is effective in reducing stress, adapting to the environment and reducing mortality and disability. In this study, there was a significant relationship between the variable of length of stay in the place with the dimension of physical health and the social relationship between quality of life. In the present study, the current disease had a significant and inverse relationship with the dimensions of physical and mental health and overall quality of life score, and the effect of this variable on the mental health dimension was greater than the other dimensions. In this study, the average score of social capital of women heads of households is 37.5, while the average score of the highest person was 71.7. Therefore, it can be concluded that women's social capital is relatively low. Findings of this study showed that the quality of life and social capital of female-headed households are completely interdependent and have a positive effect on each other. On the other hand, social capital and quality of life of female-headed households in Dogonbadan is relatively low and needs serious attention and planning. In the long run, the authorities, based on community-based research approaches, are vulnerable to improving the quality of life and fundamental changes to increase social capital and collective participation of this group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Comparison toxicity of some botanical and chemical pesticides on greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) in laboratory and greenhouse and semi-field condition
A. Moazeni M. R. Bagheri B. Amiri-Besheli M. R. ShahsavariThe effect of three botanical insecticides (sirinol, palizin and tondexir) and one chemical insecticide (imidacloprid) on Trialeurodes vaporariorum has been investigated in laborarory and greenhouse conditions.The four insecticides were used with different doses of 0.5, MoreThe effect of three botanical insecticides (sirinol, palizin and tondexir) and one chemical insecticide (imidacloprid) on Trialeurodes vaporariorum has been investigated in laborarory and greenhouse conditions.The four insecticides were used with different doses of 0.5, 0.9, 1.8 and 3 ml/lit respectively. The leaf-dip assay for nymph and glass tube assay for adult were used. Also the effect of these insecticide on tomato plants in green house was studied. There were significant differences among used insecticides and interaction between doses and insecticides on all nymphal stages and adults of the greenhouse whitefly (GW). The mortality rate increases with increasing doses and decreases with increasing nymphal age. There were not significant differences among different doses of Imidicloprid and Tondexir (3 ml/l) on the first, second and third instar nymph of GW in leaf-dip assay. The imidicloprid (3 ml/l) had the highest mortality on fourth instar nymph of GW and was categorized in separate group. Also in pot experiment the highest mortality in all of nymphal instars was for Imidicloprid 3 ml/l, however the tondexir 3ml/l had similar affect on second instar nymph. The highest mortality in adults (with no significant differences) occurred using Imidicloprid was obtained with Imidicloprid (3 ml/l), Tondexir (3 ml/l), Palizin (3 ml/l), Imidicloprid (1.8 ml/l) and Sirinol (3 ml/l) with 98.03, 96.07, 96.07, 96.07 and 94.11 % mortality respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Investigation on the effect of some botanical and chemical insecticides on the predatory bug Macrolophus caliginosus (Heteroptera:Miridae) the predator of greenhouse whitefly
A. Moazeni M. R. Bagheri B. Amiri-Besheli M. R. ShahsavariOne of the common methods for controlling of greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum in tomato greenhouses is use of chemical and botanical insecticides. To evaluate the effects of these insecticides on adult female of predatory bug Macrolophus caliginosus these r MoreOne of the common methods for controlling of greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum in tomato greenhouses is use of chemical and botanical insecticides. To evaluate the effects of these insecticides on adult female of predatory bug Macrolophus caliginosus these research was carried out using botanical insecticides (Sirinol, Palizin and Tondexir) and chemical insecticide (Imidacloprid) in 0, 0.5, 0.9, 1/8 and 3 ml/l in three methods; glassy tubes in laboratory, pot and greenhouse experiments on tomato plant. There were significant differences between treatments, doses and interaction of doses and treatments. The mortality was increased with increasing the doses. 48 hours after spraying, highest and the least mortality was caused by Imidichloprid (3 ml/l.) with 100% and Palizin (0.5 ml/l.) with 23.8 % mortality, respectively. In pot method, the highest mortality of predatory bug was caused by Imidichloprid (3, 1.8 ml/l.) with 97.23 and 94.34%, and the least mortality was caused by Palizin (0.5 and 0.9 ml/l.) with 20.17 and 21.14 %. Imidichloprid (3, 1.8 ml/l.) had the highest mortality with 94.46 and 92.66 % and Palizin (0.5 and 0.9 ml/l.) had the least mortality with 17.5 and 18 % on predatory bugs in greenhouse condition. In all three methods, there were significant difference between Imidichloprid (all doses) and the other botanical insecticides. These results show that the botanical insecticides could be used as natural products in IPM programs to protect the natural enemies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Comparison two new botanical pesticides effects with two old acaricides in control of greenhouse eggplant infested by Tetranychus urticae Koch in Varamin region
Masoud Arbabi Mojtaba Khani Zinab Tajik Sosan Hassenzadeh maryam negahbanEggplant greenhouse cultivations in last two /three years found under progressing and intensive spider mite damages observed for the first time in Varamin region. Effects of two new botanical pesticides, Mariapro+Coverino-M, Bio-2, in comparison of propargite 57% MoreEggplant greenhouse cultivations in last two /three years found under progressing and intensive spider mite damages observed for the first time in Varamin region. Effects of two new botanical pesticides, Mariapro+Coverino-M, Bio-2, in comparison of propargite 57% EC and tetradifon v/w 7.52% were evaluated against Tetranychus urticae red color population on round black eggplants variety 1574 in greenhouse during spring season of 2021 in Varamin region. Spraying of treatments done with wheel burrow sprayer and effects of the them carried out by random 15 leaves collected from each treatment at one day before and 3,7and 15 days after. Mite active stages on 2cm2 on middle under side of eggplant leaf recorded by help of stereomicroscope. Abbott formula used to convert raw data in to mortality%. Mean mite mortality% of treatments analyzed with SAS software. Minimum and maximum mean active mite stages for 2ml/l Tetradifon (25.83 mites) and 1.5 ml/l of Bio-2 (44.50 mite) recorded respectively. Pesticide control effects showed a statistical significant (p<0.05) at different interval times. Higher effects (100%) for both propargite doses recorded at 3rd and 7th day of interval periods and least mortality% (58.92%) observed for tetradifon 2ml/l at 15 days’ interval time. Low slop mite mortality% found at decreasing level until 15 days for most of treatments. Spraying old registered acaricides recommended at higher spider mite infestation before harvesting period. Both new botanical pesticides can provide mite control damages during eggplant fruiting time and producing organic vegetables under greenhouses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Investigation of the effect of silica nanoparticles with the pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana on the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood
SEYYED KAZEM Vahedi A. Hoseinzadeh Akbar Ghassemi-KahrizehIntroduction: Greenhouse whitefly, as an economic pest, has a wide and ubiquitous host range and causes great damage to many crops, including greenhouse plants. Due to the morphological characteristics and potential of resistance to chemical toxins, it is necessary to f MoreIntroduction: Greenhouse whitefly, as an economic pest, has a wide and ubiquitous host range and causes great damage to many crops, including greenhouse plants. Due to the morphological characteristics and potential of resistance to chemical toxins, it is necessary to find suitable and compatible compounds for integrated control of this pest by increasing the effect and minimizing the adverse effect on the pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana.Methods: In this study, the effect of pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana alone and in combination with silica nanoparticles against second instar seeds and nymphs of Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood and germination power of pathogenic fungi using probit analysis, one-way analysis of variance and ANOVA SPSS software was examined.Results: LC50 values obtained from probit degradation as a result of the effect of different concentrations of silica nanoparticles and Beauveria bassiana against eggs after 7 days and against second instar nymph after 72 hours (643.97 mg / L and 170399 conidia/ ml) and (602.952 mg / L and 78379 conidia/ ml) were obtained, respectively.Results: According to the results of the present study, silica nanoparticles alone have higher toxicity than other treatments and in combination with B. bassiana can be used in integrated control of the important greenhouse whitefly pest. The most important advantage of using these compounds is their compatibility with the environment and the lack of resistance to insects against them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Comparative effects of organic and inorganic acaricides in control of greenhouse rose spider mite (Tetranychus spp.)
H. R. Mavali M. Arbabi H. GoharchiniWeb spotted spider mite is a major pest of greenhouse rose varieties and maximum control achieved also through acaricides application in Iran. In concern to increase acaricidal application choices, an investigation about two doses of new organic (BioMite, GC-Mite, Kingb MoreWeb spotted spider mite is a major pest of greenhouse rose varieties and maximum control achieved also through acaricides application in Iran. In concern to increase acaricidal application choices, an investigation about two doses of new organic (BioMite, GC-Mite, Kingbo), inorganic (Floramite, Danizeraba, Biok) along with cleaning agent mixed with water, carried out against rose spider mite infestation during late spring and middle of summer seasons in Bijar region of Kurdistan province of Iran. Randomized block design with three replications selected and for each replicate, 10 leaves randomly collected from different bending and vertical roses shoots. Sampling intervals followed one day before and 1, 3, 7 and 15 days after treatments during spring and summer seasons respectively. Active mite stages on lower rose’s leaf side counted with help of stereo microscope. Collected data converted into mortality% through Henderson-tilt on formula. Analysis of variance done with help SAS method and Duncan method used for ranking treatments at different interval times. Maximum mite mortality% recorded 84.61%, 91.73% one day after treatments for both danisaraba doses and effects decreased after 7 days onward for both doses. Floramite effects up to 3 days after treatments observed with considerable mite mortality% while recorded weak effects for both biok doses through sampling period. Both GC-mite doses with 67.13% and 69.14% mite control observed during late spring which reduced sustainable effects up to 40% at 15 days interval time. Detergent water treatment with 67.21% and 56.57% mite controlled after one day during spring and summer season found more effective than other organic acaricides respectively. In total, treatments effect found more significant during spring than summer seasons. Application those treatments when mean of 2-3 mites observed in 30% of the collections, will increase acaricides effects and protect further mite resistance also. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - The Effect of Greenhouse Size on Energy Balance in Greenhouse Cucumber Production of Tehran (Cucumis sativus)
Bardia Bayat Mohammad Hossein Ansari Marjan Diyanat Ali Mohammadi TorkashvandThe energy balance of greenhouse cucumbers was calculated during a research in the east of Tehran province for one year (2016-2017). The results showed that the size of greenhouses is very influential in the energy balance, so that in large-scale greenhouses, electricit MoreThe energy balance of greenhouse cucumbers was calculated during a research in the east of Tehran province for one year (2016-2017). The results showed that the size of greenhouses is very influential in the energy balance, so that in large-scale greenhouses, electricity consumption has the largest share of input energy with 43.2%, but in medium-scale greenhouses, this amount is only 34.7% and Small scale is 1.32% of the input energy and it is next in the consumption of chemical fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) which share of this factor in large, medium and small scale greenhouses is 15.9%, 18.9%, and 20% of the input energy respectively. Input and output energy also change significantly with the size of greenhouses, so that in large, medium and small scale greenhouses, these values are equal to (325,222 and 173,136 MJ/ha), (231,802 and 147,801 MJ/ha), and (210,491 and 133,040 MJ/ha) respectively. After this the energy balance of large-scale greenhouses was calculated as 0.532, medium-scale 0.638 and small-scale 0.632. , produced the lowest possible yield, which is the reason for the inefficiency of this level of cultivation. After that, the energy balance of large-scale greenhouses was calculated as 0.532, medium-scale 0.638, and small-scale 0.632. Meanwhile, large-scale greenhouses produced the lowest possible yield by spending the most input energy, which is the reason for inefficiency. This is the level of cultivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - A study in the typological analysis of Iranian houses in the Qajar period: Traditional houses in Kermanshah
Behnoosh Malekizadeh Mohammad Mehdi Soroush Salahedin Molanaei Manouchehr Foroutan -
Open Access Article
147 - Evaluation of the correlation between the orientation and sides in Qajar houses of kashan
Farzad Farnad Hadiseh Kamran Kasmaei Mehdi Khakzand Gholamhossein Memarian -
Open Access Article
148 - Evaluating the Visual Quality of Houses in Qajar Period in Kashan City by Employing the Method of Isovist
vahid Mirzaei Hasan Sajadzadeh Nasim Khanlu -
Open Access Article
149 - Spatial Organization Analysis of The Historical and Contemporary Houses in Mashhad by Using the Space Syntax Method
Vajihe Mollaee Shams Alireza Rezvani Majid mirzavaziri -
Open Access Article
150 - Prioritization of Housing Typology Criteria in Sabzevar City
Yasaman MozafarMoghaddam Vahid Ahmadi Hero Farkisch Maryam Ostadi -
Open Access Article
151 - Development of an Effective Indicators Model on the Genius loci by House Sorting in Pahlavi period
farzaneh bimakr reza mirzaei Seyyed Mehdi Madahi Ahmad Heidari -
Open Access Article
152 - investigating The Manifestation of Light in An Iranian House Based on The Opinions of Suhrawardi
tokameh abbasnia tehrani khosro sahaf Hassan Rezaei Abolghasem ghavam -
Open Access Article
153 - Privacy in the houses of eastern parts of Iran, during the transition period with an emphasis on the architecture of housing entrances
Sepideh Mousavi Mohsen Tabassi Fatemeh Mehdizaheh Seraj -
Open Access Article
154 - The Effect of the Principle of Women's Privacy on The Architecture Of Iranian Houses, Based On Islamic Teachings
Hamed Hayaty Ahmad Aminpour Ramin MadaniThe purpose of this research was to explain the concept of the privacy of women, based on Islamic teachings, and the implementation of the confidentiality of attributes in Aleyasin the traditional House, based on Islamic teachings. Women have specific characteristics an MoreThe purpose of this research was to explain the concept of the privacy of women, based on Islamic teachings, and the implementation of the confidentiality of attributes in Aleyasin the traditional House, based on Islamic teachings. Women have specific characteristics and needs, due to their specific nature. Paying attention to the woman is very important in relation to the formation of architectural spaces. Islamic teachings have a special emphasis on the principle of privacy and compliance at home. The objective manifestation of this subject is exploratory and studying in house architecture, with the definition of traditional houses. The traditional Iranian architects have considered the confidentiality, in the construction of buildings, especially houses, as a fundamental principle. Therefore, the question was raised as to how the verses and Islamic narratives emphasize the creation of the principle of privacy for women at home, and how was the principle of confidentiality and its application to the verses and Islamic traditions in the home? To answer this question, the present study focused on the Aleyasin House in Kashan, as an important case in Kashan. The research method was a descriptive-analytic, in such a way that, by examining the verses and narrations, and applying them to the confidentiality of the examples, in the architecture of Aleyasin house, we could say that the principle of confidentiality manifested itself in the building therefore, it is visual, and it has been created through hierarchy and introversion. These principles correspond to the verses of the Quran and Islamic narrations. In the past, architects have been advocating for confidentiality in the building, not only for women, but also for homeowners using these strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Analysis of the Woman Position In The Novels Of Ghazaleh Alizadeh (The “After the Summer”, “Two Sceneries”, “Idrisi’s House” and “Tehran Nights” Novels)
Maryam Mahmoodi Negar HeidariThe present study aim was to investigate the feminist Ghazaleh Alizadeh point of views and examine the woman's image in her works. Feminist criticism was emerged as a serious, distinguished, and integrated approach in the European literature in the late 1960s, and its a MoreThe present study aim was to investigate the feminist Ghazaleh Alizadeh point of views and examine the woman's image in her works. Feminist criticism was emerged as a serious, distinguished, and integrated approach in the European literature in the late 1960s, and its aim was identification of cultural roles and great achievements in acquiring women’s social and political rights. This method was developed in Iran in the beginning of 1960s by the novels written by Simin Daneshvar and continued by authors such as Shahrnoush Parsipour, Zoya Pirzad, and Ghazaleh Alizadeh. This study considered the feminist criticism of novels by Ghazaleh Alizadeh, and the women’s characterizations were analyzed with regards to content analysis. By reviewing these works, the readers would realize that Alizadeh has mainly exposed women to socio-political events after the Islamic revolution. With moderate viewpoints, she has criticized the solitude of women in the community, and by a mystic and theosophical approach, she has tried to highlight the roles and contribution of women in the social history of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction on Cognitive Flexibility and Coping Styles of Women in Female-headed Households
Sajad Basharpoor Nasim Mohammadi Sara Asadi ShishegaranThe current research was conducted with the goal of investigating the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on cognitive flexibility and coping styles of women in female-headed households covered by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Rasht. 30 of whom were MoreThe current research was conducted with the goal of investigating the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on cognitive flexibility and coping styles of women in female-headed households covered by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Rasht. 30 of whom were selected through convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 ones) and control (15 ones). The research method was a quasi-experimental and pre-test and post-test design with control group was used. The experimental group participated in 8 sessions 90-minutes of mindfulness based stress reduction training. To collect data the Dennis and Vonderval (2010) Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire and Jaloveys and Powers (1984) Coping Styles Questionnaire were utilized. The gathered data were analyzed using covariance MANCOVA analysis. Results showed the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on flexibility of cognitive and coping style and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0/001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Predicting domestic violence against women based on the dimensions of sexual schemas in house wives
Arezoo moradi Shayeste ChardavaliIntroduction:The aim of this study was to predict domestic violence against women based on the dimensions of sexual schemas in housewives in Sanandaj. Methods: The present study was descriptive-correlational in terms of applied purpose and descriptive implementation met MoreIntroduction:The aim of this study was to predict domestic violence against women based on the dimensions of sexual schemas in housewives in Sanandaj. Methods: The present study was descriptive-correlational in terms of applied purpose and descriptive implementation method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all housewives in Sanandaj in the first 6 months of 1399 From the statistical population of the study, 170 housewives were selected in a targeted and accessible manner. Research tools include: Domestic Violence Against Women Questionnaire 26 questions Verdinia (2010), Sex Schemas Questionnaire 50 questions Anderson and Siranowski (1994). Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics of regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Results: The results showed that about 71% of the variance of domestic violence against women can be predicted based on the dimensions of sexual schemas in housewives in Sanandaj (p≤0/01). There was also a significant inverse relationship between the components of sexual schemas and domestic violence against women (P (p≤0/01). Conclusion:From the results it can be concluded that the components of sexual schemas have a significant inverse relationship with the tendency to domestic violence and in designing intervention and treatment protocols to reduce domestic violence to this education and increase self-awareness about sexual schemas attention It must be done. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - The effectiveness of reality therapy with Islamic approach on stress, spiritual health and coping strategies of female-headed households
, Abbas Sadeghi Ashkan Ali Mohammadi Mina Mahmoudi Tabar Reza dinarvand Zahra dargahiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of reality therapy with an Islamic approach on stress, spiritual health and coping strategies of female-headed households. The research design was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with control group and ran MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of reality therapy with an Islamic approach on stress, spiritual health and coping strategies of female-headed households. The research design was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with control group and random selection. The statistical population of this study included all female-headed households members of welfare centers in Ahvaz. Sampling in this study was done by purposive sampling. For this purpose, first 30 female-headed households were selected and completed the corona anxiety questionnaire and then randomly divided into two groups (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). The intervention was performed on the experimental group in 10 sessions and two sessions of 45 minutes per week. The control group did not receive any intervention during this period. Data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software and analysis of covariance. Findings showed that reality therapy with an Islamic approach has had a significant effect on reducing stress, increasing spiritual health and improving coping strategies of female-headed households. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - فرآیند تقویت فیلتر تصفیه آب خانگی با نانو ذرات گیاهی
محبوبه شادابی بجند مهداد انکاری استفاده از نانو به عنوان کاهش دهنده آلاینده‎های آب آشامیدنی، به عنوان یکی از راه‎کارهای مدیریتی مطرح گردیده است. یکی از موارد این فناوری در ارتباط با کیفیت آب شرب می‎باشد. از این رو هدف از ارائه این پژوهش استفاده از نانو ذرات گیاهی (گیاه آ More استفاده از نانو به عنوان کاهش دهنده آلاینده‎های آب آشامیدنی، به عنوان یکی از راه‎کارهای مدیریتی مطرح گردیده است. یکی از موارد این فناوری در ارتباط با کیفیت آب شرب می‎باشد. از این رو هدف از ارائه این پژوهش استفاده از نانو ذرات گیاهی (گیاه آلوئه‎ورا) برای تقویت کردن فیلتر تصفیه‎های آب خانگی از جنس الیاف پلی‎پروپیلن است. طی تجزیه و تحلیل بدست آمده بر روی گیاه آلوئه‎ورا به عنوان تقویت کننده فیلتر، نتایج نشان داد که از پارامترهای مرتبط با فیلتر تصفیه آب خانگی که این فیلتر از لحاظ میزان جرم و ضخامت الیاف پلی‎پروپیلنی تقویت شده و میزان فشار حباب، قطر روزنه و قطر میانگین روزنه دارای ضخامت شاخص‎های درونی مناسب می‎باشد. همچنین مقادیر پارامترهای کیفی ( نیترات، نیتریت، سولفات، کلراید، فلوراید، سدیم، پتاسیم، سختی، EC، TDS و کدورت) بعد از خروج از دستگاه تصفیه آب با نانو ذرات گیاهی نسبت به کیفیت آب ورودی به دستگاه تصفیه آب کاهش به سزایی داشته است. در بررسی میزان تاثیرگذاری این فیلتر تقویت شده با گیاه آلوئه‎ورا مشخص گردید که این فیلتر دارای قدرت مناسب در حذف پارامترهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی آب است که میتوان از آن در تصفیه آبهای آلوده مورد استفاده در فرایندهای خانگی و شرب استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Application of Genetic Algorithm for Optimization of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Transport and cooling Supply Chain Costs
rasoul rezaei Davood Gharakhani Reza Ehtesham RasiThe cooling supply chain, due to its high energy consumption and refrigerant emissions, has high levels of greenhouse gas emissions and is one of the largest carbon emitters. In the cold supply chain, products should be stored at low and near or below freezing points. F MoreThe cooling supply chain, due to its high energy consumption and refrigerant emissions, has high levels of greenhouse gas emissions and is one of the largest carbon emitters. In the cold supply chain, products should be stored at low and near or below freezing points. For this purpose, refrigerated warehouses and refrigerated trucks are essential. Therefore, this research aims to design a linear multi-objective decision-making model for supply chain management Which aims to reduce the overall supply chain cost, including the cost of capacity, transportation, inventory as well as costs associated with the effects of global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions. To analyze the research problem, a mathematical model for optimizing the supply chain has been designed and genetic algorithm has been used to solve this problem. The results of the first function test indicate that the model is high in the number of customers, and when the distributor's number is equal to the number of producers, the best one is possible. The second function analysis concludes that reducing the restoration time of the facility is effective in minimizing the first function, reducing costs and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, according to the stated contents and the results obtained in this research, it can be pointed out that by optimizing the vehicles and also the proper use of the optimal number of means of transport, it can be expected that the pollution and proliferation of gases The greenhouse is at least possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Model presentation to emptying the picking warehouse with heterogeneous containers in emergency situations with swarm intelligence algorithms
Amir Reza Ahmadi Keshavarz Davood Jaafari mehran khalaj Parshang DokouhakiPlanning to empty warehouse cells is one of the most challenging issues in times of crisis. The need for emergency logistics for the efficient use of equipment is of great importance. In this study, a dual-objective planning model of routing and simultaneous scheduling MorePlanning to empty warehouse cells is one of the most challenging issues in times of crisis. The need for emergency logistics for the efficient use of equipment is of great importance. In this study, a dual-objective planning model of routing and simultaneous scheduling of heterogeneous vehicles (picking containers)It has been suggested to evacuate the courier warehouse cells in emergency situations (non-compliance of the piece with the courier schedule) in order to minimize the movement time and maximize the reliability of the routes due to the congestion of the warehouse corridors. The developed Epsilon constraint method has been used to solve the proposed model. In the proposed model, the possibility of providing service for each warehouse cell that should be emptied by heterogeneous peak containers to logistics /warehouse areas with limited capacity is considered.To demonstrates the performance of the proposed model, the model is run on a random example and the computational results are presented. The results of problem-solving indicate a conflict between the objective functions used. In order to investigate the large-scale model, due to the Np-hard routing issues, three Particle Swarm Algorithms (PSO), Ant Colony (ACO), and Bee Colony (ABC), swarm intelligence algorithms were used and the results were compared with each other. The results of large-scale problem solving to find the best displacement path show better performance of the particle swarm algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Presentation of the financial supply chain model in the assembly industry with a qualitative approach of theme analysis (Case study: home appliance industry)
Mohammad Ali Razaghi Heris Habibolah Javanmard Iraj NouriIn the current situation of the country, the sanctions and its consequences against the country's economy (difficulty importing raw materials, increasing exchange rates, increasing prices, inflation, economic stagnation and increasing production costs) have caused produ MoreIn the current situation of the country, the sanctions and its consequences against the country's economy (difficulty importing raw materials, increasing exchange rates, increasing prices, inflation, economic stagnation and increasing production costs) have caused producers to develop The quantity and quality of their products and especially in the field of financing the supply chain of their products face many problems. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing the model of the financing chain in the household appliance assembly industry. In terms of the purpose of this study, it is a type of developmental and exploratory research that was conducted in a qualitative manner using thematic analysis method. The statistical population of this research consists of the sources that were used to analyze the theme. And in order to strengthen the validity of the research, the opinions of supply chain experts and professors were used in the evaluation of the findings. The sampling method is purposeful. Based on this, after searching the databases, 147 sources, including books and articles, were identified and downloaded, and a total of 51 sources contained related codes, which were considered as the selected sample of the research. The results of theme analysis identified 151 basic themes, 43 organizing themes, and 13 comprehensive themes, which were presented in the framework of the assembly industry financing chain model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - The Influence of Warehouse Management of Diversity and Number of Storage Warehouses in Project-oriented Companies (Case Study: Kayson Co.)
Hassan Darabi Ali Nazeri Meghdad Haji Mohammadali JahromiThis study proposed to the new concept of warehouse management and the of diversity and number of storage on warehouses management in the Kayson project-based company is influenced. For this purpose, the certain structural model from the perspective of the employees in MoreThis study proposed to the new concept of warehouse management and the of diversity and number of storage on warehouses management in the Kayson project-based company is influenced. For this purpose, the certain structural model from the perspective of the employees in the company's warehouses of Kayson will be analyzed. Survey-based applied research and methods of structural equation modeling is used in the survey. The required data through questionnaires from a sample of 152 employees of the company's warehouses is Kayson the cluster sampling was collected. Cranach’s alpha and composite reliability, the reliability of the questionnaire were to the right. The test model with partial least squares method and correlation test was performed with the use of SMART-PLS software. Test results show that in the first warehouse management and multiple storage warehouses with a variety of items at the corporate level and the project has a significant relationship, diversity also features warehouse information system, the complexity of the legislation, extensive planning and management skills are related. Finally, the number of stock at the corporate level and extensive project planning and management skills significant relationship and correlation tests also confirm this relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - The effectiveness of communication skills training on responsibility, social function and problem solving among women headed households’ welfare of Ahvaz city
Zahra Teymoori Jahangir MirzavandiThis research aimed to determine the effectiveness of communication skills training on responsibility, social function and problem solving among women headed households. This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation was a quasi-experimental w MoreThis research aimed to determine the effectiveness of communication skills training on responsibility, social function and problem solving among women headed households. This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The research population was women headed households’ welfare office Ahvaz city in autumn season 2018 year. Among numbers of population 50 people after considering the criteria for entering the study were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced into two experimental and control groups (each group 25 people). The experimental group trained 10 sessions of 90 by communication skills training method. The instruments research was the responsibility subscale of California psychological questionnaire (Gough, 1964), social function subscale of general health questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979) and problem solving questionnaire (Heppner, 1988). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method with SPSS-20 software. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the responsibility, social function and problem solving. In the other words, communication skills training significantly led to improve responsibility, social function and problem solving in women headed households (P<0/001). Based on the results, it is suggested that clinical psychologists and therapists in providing psychological services used from communication skills training method to improve their health, especially improve responsibility, social function and problem solving of women headed households. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Meta-analysis of social health of women heads of households and non-heads of households and the effect of social support on their health (Case study: Mashhad)
Haniye Sadat Miri Khadije Zolghadr Asemeh QasemiWomen are the foundation of the health of families and communities, and women are of special importance in ensuring and maintaining the health of the family and society. According to the World Health Organization, enjoying the highest attainable standard of health is a MoreWomen are the foundation of the health of families and communities, and women are of special importance in ensuring and maintaining the health of the family and society. According to the World Health Organization, enjoying the highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental right of every individual, and many women are deprived of this fundamental right. Women must maintain and improve their health and well-being in order to play their caring role effectively. Health-promoting behaviors are one of the major determinants of health. The purpose of this article is to meta-analyze the social health of women heads of households and non-heads of households and the impact of social support on their health. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection, it is a descriptive survey. The statistical population studied in this study includes 400 women in Mashhad (200 supervisors and 200 non-supervisors) who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and the required data were modified by two Keys social health questionnaires. A researcher-made social support questionnaire was also collected by the researcher. The validity of the instrument used is the validity of the content, and the validity of the instrument is also obtained by the reliability of the internal consistency of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient method. Findings indicate that the average social health among non-head women in Mashhad is higher than women heads of households. Also, social support and its four dimensions in the group of non-caregivers are significantly different from women caregivers. In such a way that unmarried women have more social support. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Policy making and sociological explanation of individual-social socialization training of women heads of households under the cover of Tehran welfare organization in empowerment and sustainable employment.
Bahareh Roozikhah Bahram Ghadmimi mehrdad navabakhshPurpose: This article was carried out with the purpose of policymaking and sociological explanation of individual-social socialization training of women heads of households under the cover of Tehran welfare organization in empowering and sustainable employment in 1401. MorePurpose: This article was carried out with the purpose of policymaking and sociological explanation of individual-social socialization training of women heads of households under the cover of Tehran welfare organization in empowering and sustainable employment in 1401. Method: The research method is a correlational survey. Population and sample: The statistical population of female heads of households in Tehran covered by the country's welfare organization during the years 2015 to 2019 is 700 people, and 248 people were studied by proportional random method and using Cochran's formula. Instrument: The measuring instrument was researcher-made questionnaires. Validity and reliability: The validity of the instrument was calculated and confirmed through face validity and reliability with Cronbach's alpha. Findings: Pearson's correlation coefficient results indicated the existence of a direct relationship between individual-social socialization training and its components with women's empowerment and sustainable employment. The results of multiple regression and path analysis also showed: teaching awareness of the rights of others with the effect (0.49), social participation with the effect (0.423), dialogue and understanding training with the effect (0.246), responsibility training with The effect (0.206), teaching the obligation to obey the law with the effect (0.2), teaching adherence to obligations with the effect (0.106) and teaching respect for the rights of others with the effect (0.076) in total lead to empowerment. And the stable employment of female heads of the household is covered by the welfare organization of Tehran city, which has the greatest effect on the education of awareness of the rights of others and the education of social participation. In total, the effect of all factors explains 55% of women's empowerment and sustainable employment. Conclusion: In accordance with the welfare organization's policies, individual and social socialization training for women can be effective in their empowerment and sustainable employment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Investigating the archetypes of Iranian houses from an Islamic perspective with the approach of residents’ mental health
Behrang Moradi Sharmin Eesazadeh Ziri Sara Afshar Zahra GoudarziUsing the principles governing archetypes, showcasing collective mental and unconscious models of human beings, as solutions with deep and effective social and physical backing, can play a significant and effective role in policy-making oh how to supply housing within t MoreUsing the principles governing archetypes, showcasing collective mental and unconscious models of human beings, as solutions with deep and effective social and physical backing, can play a significant and effective role in policy-making oh how to supply housing within the framework of the principles governing the planning and design of Iranian-Islamic housing. Archetypes have been common among humans during centuries and have an influence on maintaining and enhancing the mental health of residents by creating a mentally and emotionally desirable environment by maintaining and perpetuating repeating patterns as human heritage, independent of individual experiences.The aim of the present study is to explain the common principles of archetypes of Iranian houses from an Islamic perspective and in accordance with the components affecting mental health of residents. This research is done qualitatively and relevant data was collected through systematic review of authentic previous documents and studies.The results show that 10 principles commonly-emphasized in the archetypes of Iranian houses from the Islamic perspective are effective in maintaining and promoting the mental health of inhabitants, among which hierarchy and naturalism, with the greatest impact, and spatial division and spatial diversity, with the least impact, are addressed in these principles. Formulation of these principles can have a significant impact on the joint policy-making for establishing and founding Iranian housing models. Regarding the aim of this paper to study the components from an Islamic perspective and the impact of these components on mental health, this formulation will lead to standardization of Iranian housing. Establishing a common structural housing system prevents construction of unconventional housing with inappropriate environmental models, and relieves Iranian houses from designs based on personal taste, while rescuing housing architecture from the current contemporary turmoil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - The relationship between energy production and consumption with greenhouse gas emissions, a case study: Arab countries of OPEC in the Persian Gulf region (the UAE, Iraq, Arabia, Kuwait, and Qatar)
Allahbakhsh Kavoosi Arian KavoosiThe Middle East region accounts for the largest quota of the world's energy reserves, which is the reason for the interdependence between the world's largest industrial countries and the governments of this region. Given the known oil reserves of the Arab coun MoreThe Middle East region accounts for the largest quota of the world's energy reserves, which is the reason for the interdependence between the world's largest industrial countries and the governments of this region. Given the known oil reserves of the Arab countries in the Persian Gulf region, the effect of energy consumption with a sample of five Arab countries as members of OPEC and oil producers of the Persian Gulf region on greenhouse gas emissions during 40 years (1980-2020) was investigated in this research. The energy production and consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of the target countries were studied to identify their contribution to energy production and consumption in the world. It was determined that these countries account for a significant share of climate change and global greenhouse gas emissions. The results show that approximately 34% of the global oil reserves and 22% of carbon dioxide (CO2) production belong to the five Arab countries in the Persian Gulf region. The largest and the lowest shares in CO2 production belong to Saudi Arabia and Kuwait among the five countries of the Persian Gulf region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Identification and investigation of effective factors of organic products status in consumer basket of households
Fahimeh Ganjkhani Mohammad Mohammadi Hossien Zahedi -
Open Access Article
170 - Estimating the energy gap in greenhouse cucumber production
Bardia Bayat Mohammad Hossein Ansari Marjan Diyanat Ali Mohammadi ‎ Torkashvand -
Open Access Article
171 - The Effects of Granting Subsidies to Agricultural Inputs on Iranian Households' Welfare and Environment by Emphasis on Computable General Equilibrium Model
Fariba Azik Seyed Nematollah Mousavi Bahaeddin Najafi -
Open Access Article
172 - The Exploration of the Effective Management Characteristics on the Greenhouse Efficiency in the Greenhouse Town of Zaporizhzhia
Maryna Vyshnevska Nataliia Gerasymchuk Vasil Sabluk Ziv Baida Myrin Borysenko Oksana Voitovska -
Open Access Article
173 - Study of Management Metrics Affecting Greenhouse Efficiency (Greenhouse Estate of Savojbolagh County)
Seyedeh Nafiseh Mohammadi Yousefnejad -
Open Access Article
174 - Analysis of Farm Management with Emphasis on Agricultural Estate
Jaafaar Nawar Mohammed E. Awad -
Open Access Article
175 - Evaluation of Abamectin (Agrimec Gold® SC 8.4%) in control of two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch and its preharvest interval in greenhouse cucumber
Fariba Ardeshir Peyman Namvar Ghasem Askari Yazdi Ahmad Heidari Vahideh MahdaviThe effect of acaricide Abamectin (Agrimec Gold® SC, 8.4%) was investigated to control the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae on cucumber in greenhouses in Yazd and Jiroft. Abamectin (Agrimec Gold®) at two doses of 0.185 and 0.200 ml/lit was compared by MoreThe effect of acaricide Abamectin (Agrimec Gold® SC, 8.4%) was investigated to control the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae on cucumber in greenhouses in Yazd and Jiroft. Abamectin (Agrimec Gold®) at two doses of 0.185 and 0.200 ml/lit was compared by Tetradifon (Tedion® EC, 2 ml/lit) and Sperimesifen (Oberon® SC, 0.5 ml/lit). Sampling and counting of live mites on the lower surface of the leaves were done at one day before and 3, 7 and 14 days after spraying respectively. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS software with randomized complete block design. Results in both cities showed Abamectin had high mortality of mites at 3, 7 and 14 days after spraying and the effect of Sperimesifen was higher than Tetradifon. In Yazd province Abamectin treatment at doses of 0.185 and 0.200 ml/lit showed 100 percent mortality on mites at 3, 7 and 14 days after spraying and in Jiroft, efficacy of two doses were 92.79-99.48 % of mortality. In Yazd, efficacy of the sperimesifen was 66.1-99.5 percent but in Jiroft on day 3 Sperimesifen had caused 100 % of mite mortality and then decreased to 98.78% on day 14 after spraying. Investigation of preharvest interval of Abamectin at doses of 0.185 and 0.200 ml/lit in cucumber samples showed that 7 days after spraying is acceptable according to the Syngenta company claim, so based on efficiency test, it is recommended to use a dose of 0.185/lit of this acaricide to control TSSM in greenhouse cucumbers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Study of the possibility of biological control of Phytophthora drechsleri damping factor in cucumbers by the isolates of Trichoderma spp. in greenhouse
Ehsan Khani Mojdeh Maleki Dariush ShahriariCucumber (Cucumis sativus) is one of the important commercial products in Iran and the world rich in fiber and vitamin with high nutritional value. It is continuously attacked by soil-borne pathogens that are not only cause significant economic damage to crop yield, but MoreCucumber (Cucumis sativus) is one of the important commercial products in Iran and the world rich in fiber and vitamin with high nutritional value. It is continuously attacked by soil-borne pathogens that are not only cause significant economic damage to crop yield, but also reduce quality and marketable of product. One of the most important and destructive soil-borne diseases of cucumber, damping off and root rot and crown caused by Phytophthora drechsleri Tuker. In this study, isolates of three species of biocontrol fungus Trichoderma were evaluated in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The antagonistic isolates of three species were including Trichoderma harzianum (isolates Th3, Th5, Th6, Th7, Th9), T. longibrachiatum (isolate Tl2) and T. atroviride (isolates Ta1 ,Ta4, Ta8, Ta10) respectively. Dual culture tests were carried out in a completely randomized design with 11 treatments in three replications. Th6 Isolate, with 89.3% in dual culture showed the highest inhibitory effect on the. Hyphae twisting of different isolates of Trichoderma spp. were not observed in contact with Phytophthora but Trichoderma hyphae grown in parallel with Phytophthora hyphae and form Appresorium and Haustarium. Based on the results of this research, the most successful isolates for antagonist activity against P. drechsleri Tuker were Th6, Th5, Th3 and Ta1. These four isolates were selected for greenhouse studies. In greenhouse, tests of soil treatment and seed contaminated with the spore suspension of Trichoderma isolates for evaluating the biocontrol isolates in a completely randomized design with 10 treatments and three replications were conducted. Results showed that the isolates were able to control the disease in different levels. In seed treatment, Th6 and Ta1 isolates with 91.75 and 83.5 percent and afterwards, Th3 and Th5 isolates were more effective in reducing disease in first taking notes after soil treatment respectively. In seed treatment, Th6 and Ta1 isolates were more successful than other isolates and in inoculated treatments with the isolates and Phytophthora, seed germination percentage were recorded as 83.34 and 100 % respectively. In general, the seed treatment was more effective in reducing disease in comparison with soil treatment. Isolates were also effective in increasing plant growth and however, Ta1 and Th6 isolates significantly increased plant weight and height. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Efficiency and residue levels of a new acaricide, Oberon Speed® (SC, 24%) for control of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Prostigmata) on greenhouse cucumber
Fariba Ardeshir Payman Namvar Mohammad Reza Bagheri Vahideh Mahdavi Ahmad HeidariTwo spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the most important pests of agricultural products that damages many plants, including cucumber in greenhouses. A new acaricide Oberon Speed®) abamectin, EC 8.1% + spiromesifen, SC 24% (0.4 ml/l and 0.5ml/l w MoreTwo spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is one of the most important pests of agricultural products that damages many plants, including cucumber in greenhouses. A new acaricide Oberon Speed®) abamectin, EC 8.1% + spiromesifen, SC 24% (0.4 ml/l and 0.5ml/l was compared to Kanemite® (acequinocyl, SC 15%) 1.25 ml/l, Danisaraba® (Cyflumetofen, SC 20%), 1 ml/l and control treatment (Water spraying) for efficacy against spider mite under greenhouses condition in Kerman (Jiroft city) and Isfahan (Isfahan city) provinces. Sampling of each treatment was done at one day before spraying then 3, 7 and 14 days after spraying respectively. The percentage of efficiency was calculated using Henderson-Tilton formula and statistical analysis was conducted using SAS software with randomized complete block design. In two provinces, the mean mortality of treatments was significant. In Jiroft, the mean mite mortality of Oberon Speed® 0.5 ml/l at 3 and 7 was 89.57% and 91.57% and the efficacy declined on 14th day (63.90%). During the test, Kanemite® and Oberon Speed® 0.4 ml/l caused mortality in the range of 76.30-89.04% and 56.89-75.63%. In Isfahan, the efficacy of Oberon Speed® 0.4 ml/l and 0.5 ml/l was 74.08-63.99% and 91.9.-79.61% respectively and Danisaraba® effected 71.98-87.38%. Result showed that mite mortality of Oberon Speed® 0.5 ml/l recorded more than 74.73% in both provinces and it can be recommended for control of spider mite in greenhouse cucumbers; there were no residues of Oberon Speed® 0.4 ml/l and 0.5 ml/l, after 7 days spraying. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Molecular identification of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated form patients and environments in Kermanshah hospitals
Sina Emami Jamileh Nowroozi ramin Abiri Parviz Mohajeriaim: the molecular similarity of S.maltophilia strains between patients and hospital environments in Kermanshah was studied Methods: 500 different clinical and environmental samples were collected and cultured for isolation and identification of S.maltophilia isolates u Moreaim: the molecular similarity of S.maltophilia strains between patients and hospital environments in Kermanshah was studied Methods: 500 different clinical and environmental samples were collected and cultured for isolation and identification of S.maltophilia isolates using biochemical tests; then presence of 23srRNA gene was detected by PCR for molecular identification. Finally, by amplifying 7 housekeeping genes (including: atpD، gapA، guaA، mutM، nuoD، ppsA and recA) in relation with S.maltophilia bacterium, the strains of S.maltophilia isolates were determined. Then phylogenetic tree was drawn by Mega 7 software. Results: From 500 clinical and environmental samples collected from hospitals, 28 isolates of S.maltophilia were identified by biochemical methods and molecular confirmation. Among these, 13 isolates were obtained from environmental samples and the rest from clinical samples. A small number of common strains were also found between clinical and environmental samples. Phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated that these 28 isolates belonged to 21 identified strains of the S.maltophilia, which was due to 100% genetic similarity of some isolates. Discussion: The molecular similarity of S.maltophilia strains between patients and hospital environment revealed that all strains of this bacterium in Kermanshah belong to a specific molecular pattern and do not have high genetic diversity and probably, this bacterium was transmitted from the hospital to patients. Therefore, observance of hygiene in hospital and employing the molecular methods with high differentiation is recommended to control the distribution of this bacterium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Designing and Dismounting an Intelligent System of Irrigation Management for Greenhouse based on Delphi Software
Davood mohammadi pirmorad -
Open Access Article
180 - Different Ways of Organizing Space Based on the Architectural Models of Traditional Houses: A New Approach to Designing Modern Houses: (Case Study: Qazvin’s Traditional Houses)
Hasan Zolfagharzadeh Reza Jafariha Ali Delzendeh -
Open Access Article
181 - The Impact of Women on the Middle class Houses of the Qajar Era (Case Study: Northern Cities of Iran)
Hosna Varmaghani -
Open Access Article
182 - The Role of House Outdoor Environment Features in Creating Home Attachment
Sayedeh Poorandokht Saadati -
Open Access Article
183 - Explaining the evolution of Iranian traditional house spaces based on distance measurement method of plan similarity vector
reza babakhani ali keifari -
Open Access Article
184 - The influence of culture in the body of traditional courtyards of Hamedan based on data theory"
Bahareh Mazinanian Jaleh Sabernejad Mohsen Dolati Niloufar Nikghadam -
Open Access Article
185 - Multi-Objective Optimization to Increase Daylight Efficiency in Rural Buildings using Passive Systems (Case Study: Vernacular Houses in Kang Village)
Hooman Dehvari Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani -
Open Access Article
186 - Analysis of Physical Identity via House Typology (Case Study: Sabzevar City)
Yasaman MozafarMoghaddam Vahid Ahmadi Hero Farkisch Maryam Ostadi -
Open Access Article
187 - Application of Wind Energy in Urban Regional Planning Toward Ecological Sustainability(Case Study: Hashtgerd)
Mehrdad Mazloomi Azin Farzam -
Open Access Article
188 - Optimization of Proportions of Central Courtyard based on Comfort Standards in the Traditional Qajar Period Houses in Boushehr
Seyed Reza Shahmortezaei Jaleh Sabernejad -
Open Access Article
189 - The Role of Functional Flexibility to Improve Energy Efficiency in Energy Consumption of the Case Borojerdiha house in Kashan
Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad Leyli Hashemi Rafsanjani -
Open Access Article
190 - The effectiveness of Wells metacognitive approach therapy on metacognitive beliefs and rumination in Homeowners with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Rohollah Azizi Fatemeh Bahrami Koorosh Goodarzi Masoud SadeghiThe aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of Wells metacognitive approach therapy on metacognitive beliefs and rumination of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. This study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with experiment MoreThe aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of Wells metacognitive approach therapy on metacognitive beliefs and rumination of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. This study was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The research population was housewives with obsessive-compulsive disorder of Borujerd province in 2017-18 years with number of 1297 people. The research sample was 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned into two equal groups. Experimental group received 8 sessions of 60 minutes (two sessions per week) based on Wells metacognitive approach therapy and control group received no training. The research tools were the questionnaires of metacognitive beliefs (Wells & Cartwright-Hatton, 2004) and rumination (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method in SPSS software version 21. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of metacognitive beliefs and rumination. In the other word, Wells metacognitive approach therapy led to decrease metacognitive beliefs and rumination in housewives with obsessive-compulsive disorder (p < 0/001). Regarding to the effectiveness of treatment method on decreasing metacognitive beliefs and rumination of housewives, it is recommended that therapists and clinical psychologists use Wells metacognitive approach therapy along with other therapies to improve metacognitive beliefs and rumination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - The Fatemid descent and Maymun Family
BIZHAN Parvan Reza DehghaniThe Fatemid descent and Maymun Family Abstract: The Fatemid government is one of the Shi'ite governments that was established by one of the grandsons of Isma'il , Imam Ja'far Sadigh's Son ( p.b.u.h) in the late third century of Hegira (297 Lunar Hegira).Since the establ MoreThe Fatemid descent and Maymun Family Abstract: The Fatemid government is one of the Shi'ite governments that was established by one of the grandsons of Isma'il , Imam Ja'far Sadigh's Son ( p.b.u.h) in the late third century of Hegira (297 Lunar Hegira).Since the establishment of this government different viewpoints have been expressed about the descent of its establishers for different reasons. Aport from Abbasids' efforts , even the Zeidi and Asna ashari Shi'ites didn't have the same opinion about it. With the intery of the Maymun household into the formation process and development of the Isma'ilid attitude , diffrencess and disputes change from an Arabic / Arabic or Shi'ite / Sunnite to an Arabic / Iranian or Islamic / non-Islamic phenomenon . The resulta of the findings of the present article are the negation of the relation of Meymun household to this sect and the necessity of the separation between the two genuine Isma'ilid currents as an intellectual religious sect and second current with an effective Iranian role and theological and political traits.The Maymun Family Is able to Spicial Consideration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - A Scenario-Based Robust Compromise Programming Approach for Design of Bioethanol and Electricity Supply Chain in Iran
Babak Rostami-Ranjbar Mohammad Saidi-Mehrabad -
Open Access Article
193 - Storage Zone Functions Optimization in Warehouses: A Systematic Review of Class-Based Storage
Nur Iftitah Qurtubi Qurtubi Muchamad Sugarindra -
Open Access Article
194 - Explain the role of climate and culture in the formation of central courtyard housing in India (Case study: Kerala)
Minoo LaffafchiDwelling settelments in each domains are formed according to their climates, cultures, and also historical events of area. It is clearly that the first experience of human is layout from his residental being living. According to this notion some parameters as same as id MoreDwelling settelments in each domains are formed according to their climates, cultures, and also historical events of area. It is clearly that the first experience of human is layout from his residental being living. According to this notion some parameters as same as identity, collective memory, quality of life and so on are the most important charactrist of life style in architectural spaces. This paper is an account of studing of traditional- vernacular houses in Kerala using the frameworks of Typo- Morphology and vernacular architecture. This research yielded eight general types of residential buildings with regard to structural, spatial arrangements and their nature of development and culture. Rectangular hall with veranda or porch turns out to be the basic form for the more elaborated design. The study also yield a glimpse of the living culture and the characteristic feature of the vernacular and traditional architecture. This study confirms the existence of different spaces of courtyard houses according to their culture and vernacular climate events. Using a very old pattern in the central courtyard housing construction and are substantially different in Indiavis being used is a very old pattern in traditional Indian houses, and consequently used in different Indian cities. Residential spaces also utilizes in various syncretic round the courtyards. measures have formed .around the yard. The central courtyard space (environment), yield a glimpse of responding to respond to the problems that the climate of each region according to the aesthetic and functional requirements, in harmonies with its climatic patterns.consistent with the climate of your bed is formed. The central courtyard with intertwined and integrated structure, appropriate responses to the both mortal material and spiritual life of the people to be lost.According to climatic patterns, courtyards also confirms both synthetic and syncretic phenomenology characters of usres in the best accumulated. manipulating the environment, gave the maximum benefit to the users. Assess the appropriateness of the central courtyard of the house, played an essential major role in determining the amount of radiant energy absorbed at different levels of visual and thermal comfort conditions for residents, in being living of the yard and play. To achieve this goal, seven samples of traditional houses in the cities of Aleppo and Damascus in India is has been studied. Elements include physical factors in the formation of the house, such as the influence of climatic causes factors, social and cultural factors causes. The findings showed that determined the correlation between the geometry of the central courtyard, the house special orientation with respect to the climate and the influence of Arab culture on the formation of the central courtyard, have a significant role. based on documents and vouchers from the historical city center of India, every home has usual two parts. One has been built and surrounded by atmosphere and the other open space. With regard to the hot and dry climate India, A part of the activities related to the residence time in suitable years in open space. Role despite being phenomenon of the climatic and environmental conditions in the formation the open houses completely obvious, cultural factors as well as the main cause of informant the courtyard is forward. The aim of this research in the first place with the structure of the houses and traditional India study space structure And in then second feature is a kind of cathedral and diagrams for the yard and their relations in the home . Based on this, seven home study which in historical center of Kerala and after Comparing the main elements and Secondary Houses of culture, climatic and kinship structure to index the results i got: One of the characteristics of nationalism within prominent houses and structure of the family is important and the most great room, The royal family is devoted . in case of need to another room, room is built behind the quid room. guest room always is near entrance. Portico, entrance of the transverse and hierarchy with direct are cause of confidentiality.Human interaction and the subject of much attention in the past century, scientists have been different. Historical background - cultural and social relations - economic, environmental, always in the context of human settlements have been able to shape. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - An Explanation of Solutions to Promote theVisual Quality of Kitchen Residential Spaces Based on the Basics of Visual Ecology (Video-ecology)
mohammad hossein javanmardi Tahereh Nasr Jamal-e-Din MahdiNejadImages received from the surrounding environment in the form of visual perception greatly contribute to the human-environment relationship and satisfaction with his residence. Recent studies demonstrate that the matching of images received from the surrounding environme MoreImages received from the surrounding environment in the form of visual perception greatly contribute to the human-environment relationship and satisfaction with his residence. Recent studies demonstrate that the matching of images received from the surrounding environment with physiological and vision standards could increase peoples’ sense of satisfaction and the visual quality of their living spaces. Thus, the core subject was to develop solutions to increase the visual quality of living spaces, such as kitchens. The study hypothesized that the components of visual quality, including symmetry, rhythm, the type of line forms, the type of materials, proportions and scales, and color and light contrasts affect users’ satisfaction and the visual quality of the environment. Independent variables of the study included the components that affected the visual quality of the environment, while the dependent variable of the study was users’ satisfaction and inclination, and consequently the visual quality of the environment. The study method fell under quantitative and qualitative research, and the study approach was correlational, which evaluated the components of visual quality related to the physiological mechanism of vision in the kitchen environment in houses. Data were collected by library studies and questionnaires. In general, the study aimed to explain solutions to improve the visual quality of residential kitchen spaces using the basics of visual ecology. The theoretical framework of the study was founded on five physiological mechanisms of vision, including on - and off-systems, reflection function, saccadic automation, spatial frequency, and binocular vision, as the most important indicators affecting the visual quality of a residential environment were based on the views of researchers and theorists. Questionnaire results were analyzed by Photoshop, SPSS, and MATLAB digital image processing software. The findings indicated that in all fronts of the kitchen, people were inclined to unbroken simple, and curved forms and lines. Concerning the component of rhythm, the results indicated that except for the kitchen’s ceiling, as regards the remaining fronts, people were mostly inclined to an image with a rhythm in an x-y axis direction, which may be due to the vertical and horizontal axes being in one direction with the vision system standards and the observer’s angle of vision in line with the binocular vision and saccadic mechanisms. Findings from the component of symmetry also demonstrated that in all five fronts of the kitchen environment, people were mostly inclined to a highly symmetrical image in an axial direction, which may be due to less disturbance at the point of gravity of each form relative to another and visual uniformity and comfort because of the frequency and mutations created based on points of gravity in line with the saccadic mechanism in each image. Concerning proportions in all kitchen fronts, people were mostly inclined to golden proportions because of the human’s range of vision. Concerning the component of materials, people were mostly inclined to the front at which the gas stove and cabinet surface were located, with the front of the dish-washing sink and the cabinet surface seeing a mixture of fully natural materials such as wood, semi-artificial and natural materials. This may be due to the theory of Reflection Function and the more appropriate natural surfaces and textures compared to artificial materials in terms of visual physiology. Also, on the wall front between the cabinet in the back of the stove and the dish-washing sink, people were mostly inclined to use semi-artificial and semi-natural materials such as ceramics and PVC wall covering. Concerning the component of environmental color contrasts, findings showed that people’s inclination at the front of the stove, cabinet surface, and dish-washing sink was directed at applying colors with moderate and high color contrasts because of the need for sharp-sightedness, non-uniformity, and visual fatigue, which would help perform daily activities in the kitchen in line with the on- and off-system principles. Also, at the wall front between the cabinet in the back of the stove and the sink, people were mostly inclined to apply colors with low color contrast to maintain visual comfort and visual concentration over the stove and the sink surfaces. As well, people were mostly inclined to use curved window forms with moderate rises because of the greater activity of the anterior cingulate cortex and the on- and off-systems mechanism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Investigating the effective spaces on the mental image based on the comparative comparison of Pahlavi era houses and tall residential buildings in Urmia city
parya Shafipouryourdshahi Mostafa Kiani Manoochehr MoazzemiCurrently, the population increase in Iran leads to an increasing number of high-rise residential buildings. Many studies have been done regarding tall buildings, however, living in tall buildings makes the residents dissatisfied. Though numerous factors are effective i MoreCurrently, the population increase in Iran leads to an increasing number of high-rise residential buildings. Many studies have been done regarding tall buildings, however, living in tall buildings makes the residents dissatisfied. Though numerous factors are effective in line with residents' satisfaction with living in high-rise buildings, their feelings and needs are focal points in this regard that can upsurge their satisfaction. Due to the fact that residents’ mental image of high-rise buildings is effective in their feelings in line with the environment, studies done in this regard aim to examine and study the mental image to increase the satisfaction of the residents. These dissatisfactions could be reduced via a perfect mental image in the residents’ minds. Physical and psychological factors are really significant in people’s mental image formation, and regarding this fact, in the present article, physical factors are considered. In terms of purpose, present research is fundamental; because it aims to recognize traditional houses and tall residential buildings and spaces that can be effective in creating mental images. Accordingly, traditional houses and high-rise residential buildings in Urmia are investigated and compared via the descriptive-analytical method, and their spaces are analyzed. In the next step, the present study identifies the spaces that are effective in the mental image of the residents of high-rise residential buildings using a quantitative approach and a questionnaire that is scored based on a Likert scale. A combination of library studies (theoretical) and field studies is used to collect the required research data and in this regard, a questionnaire-based survey with closed questions was used as the desired tool. In the present article, first, numerous traditional houses that belong to the first and second Pahlavi periods (Assadollahzadeh, Neshat, Rezqdeh, Teymurzadeh, and Shafipour houses) in Urmia were visited and observed. They have been compared with the high-rise residential buildings of Urmia (Elahiyeh, Golestan, Pezeshkan, Golshahr, and Valiasr buildings). It is evident that all traditional houses of Urmia city have basements and wooden roofs are seen in most of them. At the beginning of the first Pahlavi Era, the residential and service areas were separated by a large yard. Over time, the houses have been renovated and all the spaces have been assigned to one section. Instead, compared to the first Pahlavi period, the number of warehouses decreased in the second Pahlavi period. The building facade constructed with brick and different designs along with large vertical windows is one of the distinguishing features of these houses. To communicate with family members, inner windows and niches are seen in different places. The trunk is part of the main furniture of these houses. The survey of high-rise residential buildings in Urmia City discloses that every residential and service part are limited to one unit. Conversely, the yard and basement are removed or publicly available to everyone. The spaces connection is evident at low height and the houses are high. Likewise, most of the houses are smaller, and closely connected interior spaces can be seen in the house. The comparison of Pahlavi Era houses and high-rise residential buildings revealed that, over time, factors have been removed or even replaced in the high-rise residential buildings. In line with these changed items, one can mention the removal of the private courtyards, removal of the basement, removal of Iranian and traditional designs, shortening of windows, lack of different spaces such as the rooftop, removal of Iranian architecture, removal of traditional furniture, removal of native and natural materials and the connection of internal spaces using internal windows.Then, in three months, via random sampling method, the questionnaire was given to 384 residents of high-rise residential buildings. In the current study, the statistical population is all the residents of residential buildings above 8 floors, which is about 15,000 people regarding the statistics of Urmia City Housing and Urban Development Department. The sample population is obtained from Morgan's table as 375 people. A total of 297 residents filled out the questionnaire, of which 97 questionnaires were discarded due to incompleteness. Consequently, 200 questionnaires were analyzed. The questionnaire results revealed that large and all-around windows with less OKB independent yards, using local materials, availability of different spaces of the building, and brick façade and traditional furniture can be effective in its mental image. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Formation of Flexibility Creators in Aristocratic Houses Based on the Gender Discourse Evolutions of the Qajar Era (Case Study: Qazvin Aristocratic Houses)
Mahdokht Kiaee Hossein Soltanzadeh Maryam Armaghan Ali Akbar HeidariThe one hundred and thirty-year history of the Qajar Dynasty (from 1794 to 1925) was associated with significant cultural changes in which internal and external factors played a key role. During this era, Iran established a relationship with a modern Western world that MoreThe one hundred and thirty-year history of the Qajar Dynasty (from 1794 to 1925) was associated with significant cultural changes in which internal and external factors played a key role. During this era, Iran established a relationship with a modern Western world that did not exist before. This relationship, which began in Dar al-Saltanah of Tabriz and was influenced by the modernist movements of Abbas Mirza (1789-1833), reached its peak in the Nasseri era. Numerous presence of European men and women in Iran, traveling and sending of a number of Iranians (mostly of the aristocratic families) abroad to study, and the three important trips of Naser al-Din Shah can be considered the fields in which Iran had cultural relations with the West. This connection between Iran and Europe and the acquaintance and comparison of common Iranian and European cultures gradually led to the creation of a critical discourse on some common mores in Iran and the common relations between Iranian men and women are in the category of such cultures. The relationships between men and women at the beginning of the Qajar era were based on the same ancient method. Moreover, based on the relationship between the same genders with each other and due to its influence, some activity and spatial systems were also organized with strong boundaries between men and women. Inside, women spent time together without a man. In the late nineteenth century, with the arrival of the modernity discourse in Iran, which considered the interaction between men and women to be normal, Iranians realized that some sexual acts and the love of an adult man for a man, which was common in Iran, were considered baseness in morality by the Europeans. This revision of the new cultural relations between men and women has also entered into the field of houses and transformed the activity and spatial systems influenced by this culture. In addition, at the root of these activity and spatial systems and the changes that have taken place in them, there is also flexibility, that seems to meet some of the needs of residents at different times. In fact, it is these needs that the ability of potential changes at the root of the activity and spatial systems of houses emerges and becomes actual, in order to meet them; In the present study, this reason for the occurrence of flexibility is called the creator of flexibility. The present research aims to study the transformation of flexibility generators based on the evolution of gender discourse (cultural relations between men and women) in Qajar aristocratic houses. Therefore, the main question of the study is : How were the flexibility creators of aristocratic houses formed based on the evolutions of gender discourse in the middle of the Qajar era? This study is qualitative, descriptive-analytical research which was carried out using historical analysis and a phenomenological research method. In the first step, the reflection of gender discourse evolutions in the aristocratic houses of the Qajar era is discussed and then, the flexibility creators based on the characteristics of the aristocratic houses are identified and analyzed using reliable historical books and sources. Next, using a phenomenological research method, the evolutions of flexibility creators are investigated in six aristocratic houses in Qazvin, as case studies, using the results of in-depth interviews with the residents of these houses and reliable historical sources. The results show that those activity and spatial systems which had flexibility creators (potential for change) before the evolution of gender discourse have maintained their function after this era as well. In other words, the needs of the residents of the Qajar aristocratic houses remained unsatisfied even with the changes in the relations between men and women in the middle of that era, and these changes, at least in the Qajar era, could not make a clear change in the residents' needs. It also seems that gender discourse evolutions have made the activity and spatial systems of houses more limited, but such a limitation has not undermined their flexibility creators. In other words, it can be concluded that the evolution of gender discourse has covered the flexibility creators in pre- and post-Nasseri's houses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Study of Components Reading in the Individual-Collective Space of the Courtyard in Traditional House (Historical Houses of Central Iran in the Qajar and Safavid Eras)
Hosna VarmaghaniThe body of each architectural work is made up of specific Components, the way in which these Components are organized and compounded affects the special relationships that flow between the main and secondary spaces inside the building. The Component is the determining MoreThe body of each architectural work is made up of specific Components, the way in which these Components are organized and compounded affects the special relationships that flow between the main and secondary spaces inside the building. The Component is the determining part in a material or spiritual being that includes all the physical beings of the building, its environment, and also the concepts that lead to the determination of the social identity of the building; and its study in an analytical circle is the way and procedure of recognizing the architectural space. The yard has a special place and necessity in the spatial structure of Iranian housing and has been of great importance in terms of climate, function, cultural and social relations. The Iranian courtyard as a place of manifestation of values that arose from culture, society and the environment and its components reflected the tastes of users, expresses a variety of values that define their identity and cultural characteristics and affect their individuality to the extent of intellectual and taste determinations. The courtyard was the center of common activities of the people of the house, which reduced the distance between the individual functions of the courtyard by defining places to sit through the beds by the pond, opening the doors of the rooms to the courtyard, furnishing and diversifying and continuing the use of porches. Using descriptive-analytical, historical, and phenomenological interpretive methods and relying on historical evidences, the present study examines the characteristics and aspects of Components in the traditional courtyard and argues for its individual-collective identity. In the meantime, it examines the historical houses of Central Iran in the Qajar and Safavid eras. The research questions are: 1. what are the characteristics and aspects of each Component in the courtyards of historic houses? 2. How can the individual-collective identity of a courtyard in a traditional house be argued on the basis of historical evidence? The research method is descriptive-analytical, historical, and phenomenological interpretation and is based on the fact that the required data were identified from historical books, biographies and travelogues and valid historical documents. Then, based on these data, the Components in the courtyard were explored; and it was determined that each of the Components in the courtyards of historic houses have which characteristics and aspects. The individual-collective identity of the traditional courtyard was also argued on the basis of historical evidence. In reviewing the results and analyzing the research findings, two points are considered; one is the application of the results in today's society and the other is the generalization of the findings to the whole society and public culture. Examining the components in the yards of the studied houses also reveals two points. First, the physical-spatial features of the yard, which in this study are included in the physical component, while meeting the functional needs, create other branches of cultural, social, ritual, natural components and recreation and pleasure environment. Second, the physical structure of the yard, which can be examined in two hard and soft layers of the building and fixed, semi- fixed and temporary elements; has provided the possibility of performing various functions in cultural, social, ritual and recreational contexts by forming common or separate realms and has led to the emergence of individual-collective identity in the traditional courtyard. What is important is the compatibility and cohesion of the components in the open-semi-open spatial structure of the courtyard areas in the historical houses of Central Iran, which provides the possibility of individual / collective behaviors. Findings show that the physical Component, while meeting the functional needs, creates other cultural, social, ritual, natural and pleasure Components Which has made it possible to perform a variety of functions by forming common or separate territories; that has led to the emergence of individual-collective identity in the traditional courtyard. What is important is the compatibility and cohesion of the Components in the open-semi-open spatial structure of the courtyard areas in the historical houses of Central Iran, which provides the possibility of individual / collective behaviors. The characteristics and dimensions of the Components discussed in this article will pave the way for future research in the analysis of the coherence aspects of other shape patterns of houses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - effectiveness of positive group Training on increasing the happiness And Quality Of Life of women heads of households
Vahid Mostafa Pour Farideh Hossein Sabet Ahmad BorjaliThis study aimed to investigate the effect of positive training on increase happiness and quality of life of women heads of households was covered by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. The study was a quasiexperimental research and conducted through the pre-test, post-test MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of positive training on increase happiness and quality of life of women heads of households was covered by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. The study was a quasiexperimental research and conducted through the pre-test, post-test, and follow up design with control group. to select a sample from the centers Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Sufian , a center mode available selected and then the center of female-headed households under 30 were select based on inclusion criteria and assigned to the experimental and control group randomly (15 personseach group). Both groups responded to the World Health Organization Quality of Life and Happiness Questionnaires. In later stages of the study, on the experimental group, 8 sessions of 90 minutes based on Positive training was carried out while the control group received no trainig and after end sessions both quality of life and happiness questionnaires as the posttest was conducted, Data obtained using analysis of covariance and dependent t-test were analyzed. The results of covariance indicated significant and considerable increase in the happiness and quality of life in the experimental as compared with the control group at the post-test stage. These results were maintained in the 30 days follow-up stage, too. Overal results indicate that Positive training to happiness and quality of life of female-headed households has increased, based on the results of the present study, positive training can be used for improvement of happiness and quality of life in women heads of households. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - The Effect of Reality therapy on Depression in Female-headed households under the auspices of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Shiraz in 2019
Ali Hosseini Aadan MoeinAbstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of reality therapy on depression of female-headed households in Shiraz in 2019. In this study, experimental design with pre-test and post-test including control group was used. The statistical populat MoreAbstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of reality therapy on depression of female-headed households in Shiraz in 2019. In this study, experimental design with pre-test and post-test including control group was used. The statistical population of this study was female-headed households referred to Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in Shiraz in year 2019. Based on purposive sampling method, 30 of them with high score of Beck depression questionnaire and low resiliency score were selected. They were randomly allocated to control and experimental groups. Both groups completed Beck depression questionnaire before intervention. The experimental group received the reality therapy training package in eight sessions. Depression questionnaire was again completed by both groups. the results of covariance analysis indicated that reality-based intervention reduced depression in female-headed households. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - The effectiveness of mindfulness training On the self-resilience and perceived social support of Women as heads heads of households
Leila Hosseini tabaghdehiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on self-resilience and perceived social support of female-headed households. The method of this research was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and control group. The stati MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on self-resilience and perceived social support of female-headed households. The method of this research was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design and control group. The statistical population of this study Included all female heads of households in Chamestan of Nour city in 2020, numbering 483 people according to the statistics of the Registry Office. Using self-efficacy of Kolahnen (1996) and perceived social support of Zimet & et all (1988) questionnaires, initial screening was performed and 30 people Selected and randomly randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups . The subjects of the experimental and control groups answered the self-efficacy and perceived social support questionnaires in three stages of pre-test - post-test and follow-up. The experimental group underwent mindfulness training in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test. The results showed that mindfulness training is effective on self- resilience and perceived social support of female-headed households (p<0.01)and the results were still stable in the follow-up phase Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Comparison of the effectiveness of approaches based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and reality therapy on irrational thoughts of female supervisors under the auspices of the Relief Committee
Yagoub Nikookar Alireza Jafari Ghorban Fathi Aghdam jafar poyamaneshThe purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of two approaches based on the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and reality therapy on the irrational thoughts of female-headed households covered by the Relief Committee. The method of the present MoreThe purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of two approaches based on the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and reality therapy on the irrational thoughts of female-headed households covered by the Relief Committee. The method of the present study quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest-follow-up and control group. The statistical population of the study included 153 female-headed households of Shabestar County Relief Committee, of which 30 people were selected by available and targeted sampling method whose score was selected in Jones Balabood irrational beliefs test and randomly divided into two experimental groups (based on Acceptance and commitment treatment (reality therapy group)and a control group. Data analysis was performed by mixed analysis of variance Results of the analysis showed that the two approaches based on the acceptance and commitment therapy and reality therapy significantly reduce women's irrational thoughts (P<0.01). Also, comparing the effectiveness of the two groups showed that the effect of treatment method (ACT) on the irrational beliefs of female-headed households was significantly greater than reality therapy(P<0.01), so it can be concluded that irrational beliefs are among the factors that can Cause problems. Based on this model, the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and reality therapy approachescan be used to improve and correct clients' irrational beliefs. From this study, it can be inferred that there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of the two treatments on irrational thoughts of female-headed households (P = 0.04). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Explaining the role of the family in the passion for work and activity among female heads of the household
Nowruz HashemzehiThe family is the most important institution of socialization and any disruption in the functioning of the family affects the pillars of the society. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the role of family in the desire for a job among 18-60-year- MoreThe family is the most important institution of socialization and any disruption in the functioning of the family affects the pillars of the society. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the role of family in the desire for a job among 18-60-year-old female heads of households in Qiyamdasht using a survey method and a questionnaire tool and a sample size of 100 people by systematic sampling. Validity was confirmed by the judgment of experts and the reliability of the instrument was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient.The results showed that 14% of the women are illiterate, their fathers' occupational status is low, but they themselves wished for an average occupational status and 87% had a high job enthusiasm. Tailoring, hairdressing, carpet weaving, cooking, sales have been among the most important areas of their desire to be employed.There is a relationship between father's and mother's education, as well as the suitable age for marriage of daughters from the mother's point of view, with women's career aspirations, but there is a correlation between the length of time the parents have lived in Tehran, the suitable age for the daughter's marriage from the father's point of view, and monthly expenses. Family, father's occupational status, work motivation and women's success were not confirmed by their career enthusiasm. None of the family characteristics had any effect on women's job enthusiasm.Empowering women requires transformation in all relevant institutions. To reduce women's problems, entrepreneurship and job creation should be prioritized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Sociological Factors of Domestic Violence towards Adolescent Female Children (case study: High schools in Ahwaz)
محمود یعقوبی دوست حلیمه عنایتThis study aimed to examine the sociological factors of domestic violence towards adolescent female children in Ahvaz. The study is a survey. The population of the research consisted of high school girl students and their parents in Ahvaz‚ from among w MoreThis study aimed to examine the sociological factors of domestic violence towards adolescent female children in Ahvaz. The study is a survey. The population of the research consisted of high school girl students and their parents in Ahvaz‚ from among whom 384 were selected as samples through multi –stage sampling technique. In this study, Four questionnaires" Childhood Trauma Questionnaire measuring instrument (Child Abuse and Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) (Bernstein, 1995), Duncan’s scale of socio-economic parents (SES)‚ Russell’s social isolation UCLA)) 1976, a scale of perceived emotional support (MSPSS Zimet & et al) (1998) were used. For data analysis, statistical indicators, standard deviation, t test, and ‚ Pearson regression analysis were used. According to the study, the variable "social isolation, perceived emotional social support, socio - economic, situation and the household population have a significant relationship with domestic violence of parents toulard young female children. The results of multiple regression showed that the variable of social isolation has the most impact to predict the dependent variable. According to the research findings, this issue requires consideration of both the families and the authorities to prevent control and reduce its negative impact on society and families. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - The Measurement of Technical Efficiency and Effective Factors in Cucumber Greenhouse (Case Study: Eastern Azarbayjan Province)
B. Abdollahi H. Raheli M. Taghizadeh M. Kasrani B. NajaflouThe purpose of this study was to estimate technical efficiency of cucumber greenhouses in Eastern Azarbayjan. In economic literature, it means the ratio of maximum output to the inputs. The objective of this research was to determinate the effective factors influencing MoreThe purpose of this study was to estimate technical efficiency of cucumber greenhouses in Eastern Azarbayjan. In economic literature, it means the ratio of maximum output to the inputs. The objective of this research was to determinate the effective factors influencing it's inefficiency. The method of determination of deterministic and stochastic technical efficiency is corrected ordinary least squares (COLS) and maximum likelihood (ML) respectively. The average of technical efficiency in province’s cucumber greenhouse is approximately about 57 and 93 percent for deterministic and stochastic frontier method respectively. Production types had positive influence on technical inefficiency whereas experience of manager have negative influence on technical inefficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Investigating the relationship between social trust and online provision of essential goods and services among households living in Natanz in 2021
Mahnaz Jalili Bal Fateme Sadat Mashhadithe rapid development of the internet has provided new opportunities like providing ‎essential goods and services in the internet . in this important matter , several factors are ‎involved which one of which is social trust and its dimensions . the purpose of th Morethe rapid development of the internet has provided new opportunities like providing ‎essential goods and services in the internet . in this important matter , several factors are ‎involved which one of which is social trust and its dimensions . the purpose of this study ‎was to investigate the relationship between social trust and internet preparation of essential ‎goods and services among Natanz households . the method of this research in terms of ‎objective is applied and in terms of time is cross - sectional and data collection method is ‎survey . the population of this study is 15 thousand households in Natanz , with a sample ‎size of 400 people with cochran formula that was selected by cluster method and random ‎sampling method . the research tool is a researcher - made questionnaire whose validity ‎was confirmed by the professors of the community and its reliability was confirmed by ‎Cronbach 's alpha 0/76 . using SPSS software , the following results were obtained : there is ‎a significant relationship between individual and institutional trust by buying online ‎shopping , durable and durable goods and receiving services . according to the meaningful ‎relation between institutional social trust and online shopping , strengthening of trust ‎building processes by institutions is necessary‏ .‏ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Comparative study of Poverty in several regions of Tabriz
Hussein Banifatemeh Saeed IraniThe purpose of this research is study of poverty comparatively in several regions of Tabriz. The research method is survey and its statistical population is families inhabited in Tabriz who are 391860 families. Stratified sampling was selected and sample size of 400 was MoreThe purpose of this research is study of poverty comparatively in several regions of Tabriz. The research method is survey and its statistical population is families inhabited in Tabriz who are 391860 families. Stratified sampling was selected and sample size of 400 was estimated using Cochran Model. The data were collected using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis and ANOVA and Tukey were used to analyze the data. Total level of poverty achieved by calculating the total number of cultural poverty, positional poverty, related poverty, and housing poverty. The level of each of the mentioned dimensions were compared and tested in different regions of Tabriz. The results of ANOVA suggest that there are significant differences between poverty and its dimensions in 10 municipal region of Tabriz. Also the test of Tukey presents these differences more significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - The assessment of the social factors associated with social health of families in Tabriz
Samad Sabbagh Narmineh Moinian Sara SabbaghOne of the key goals of health system in each country is to maintain and improve the health and quality of life for all people in the community. To do this, providing the appropriate facilities for meeting the physical, mental, social health needs of human life at all s MoreOne of the key goals of health system in each country is to maintain and improve the health and quality of life for all people in the community. To do this, providing the appropriate facilities for meeting the physical, mental, social health needs of human life at all stages is considered as the basic rights. Health is not just a biological subject, but social factors are also involved in determining the health status of the people. Many factors contribute to this situation such as social confidence, leisure time, feeling of hopelessness, religious beliefs and socio-economic status of individuals. Method of study is Survey and technique for collecting data was standardized questionnaire. Statistical Population includes Tabriz households who were 428,009. According to the formula for determining the sample size, 326 households were selected for Tabriz city. Sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampling method. The overall aim of this study was to determine the social factors associated with social health in Tabriz families. Results of this study show that there is a significant relationship between social health of Tabriz households and the mentioned variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Comparative examination of the rate of satisfaction among employed women and housewives
Jafar Ebrahimi Farzaneh SalehiThe research titled “Comparative examination ofthe rate of satisfaction among employed women and housewives” is done in orderto illustrate the effect of employment on their marital satisfaction. The research methodology iscausative-comparative. Regardi MoreThe research titled “Comparative examination ofthe rate of satisfaction among employed women and housewives” is done in orderto illustrate the effect of employment on their marital satisfaction. The research methodology iscausative-comparative. Regarding that the measurement system in this research isbased on the standard measurement and its stability ismeasured by different people with alpha ratio more than 90 percent, so there isno need to test it again. This means that the research can rely on previousreports. The data of the research collected through standardized questionnaireby 150 employed women (who are teachers in 6th district) as a control group and150 housewives as a comparing group. For data analysis descriptive statisticsand chi-square test were used. Results shows that there is relation between thejob and the rate of satisfaction of economic status of family, satisfaction ofthe children training and satisfactionof activities in leisure time Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - The comparative study of consuming lifestyle between employed and housewives in Miyaneh
Morsal Shokri Mohammad AbbaszadehLifestyle is one of the most important phenomena in present investigations that mentions the collections of behaviors, patterns and people or groups’ way of thinking in life. These reasons cause the difference between people and groups. The purpose of this study i MoreLifestyle is one of the most important phenomena in present investigations that mentions the collections of behaviors, patterns and people or groups’ way of thinking in life. These reasons cause the difference between people and groups. The purpose of this study is the comparison of consuming life style between employed and housewives in Miyaneh. These investigations were done on the basis of Bourdieu, Weber and Zimeal Ideas. The method of research was survey and the population includes all employed women and housewives in Miyaneh, consisting of all married and family heads. The sample was 400 women using Cochran formula. The method of sampling is random selection in which first, employed women were separated from housewives, and then 200 women were selected randomly from each group. To gather the data a researcher-made questionnaire was used and the data analysis was conducted by SPSS. The results show that there is a significant difference between consuming lifestyle of employed women and housewives in a way that the employed women’s average of lifestyle components (body management, the pattern of buying clothes, nutrition pattern, selection place of residence) is higher than that of housewives. But in relation to leisure activities, housewives’ average is higher than employed women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - The Effect of economic capital and satisfaction of urban services on citizens' participation inUremiain the separation and collection of household waste
Laura Alyari Mohammad Abbaszadeh Hussein MirzaeiThe separation of waste is an important issue and duty in the developed cities in the world. The reason of this subject is protection of environment that healthiness of human and other organisms depend on it, so the aim of this study was to determine the citizenship's p MoreThe separation of waste is an important issue and duty in the developed cities in the world. The reason of this subject is protection of environment that healthiness of human and other organisms depend on it, so the aim of this study was to determine the citizenship's participation in separation and collection of household waste and the effect of economic capital and satisfaction of urban services on it in Uremia city. The research method was survey and data have been collected through questionnaire. The sample size was 612 who were selected via multi-stage cluster sampling. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between satisfaction of urban services and dependent variable. Also there is a significant relationship between economic capital and participation in separation and collection of metal and plastic waste. The stepwise multiple regression analysis results show that satisfaction of urban services explain 12/1 percent of variable variance of citizens' participation in separation and collection of household waste. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Sociology of living styles (production – consumption culture)
Ayoub Youssef Pour Nezami Human living style(s) has material and immaterial origins. Sociology using analytical tool of culture, studies both material and immaterial components. One of the elements of immaterial cultural life style is epistemic. This article reviews civilization and urba More Human living style(s) has material and immaterial origins. Sociology using analytical tool of culture, studies both material and immaterial components. One of the elements of immaterial cultural life style is epistemic. This article reviews civilization and urbanization process paying briefly to the characteristics and epistemological foundations of traditional, modern and post-modern lifestyles. In civilization process, human lifestyle has changed. These changes were examined in production and consumption and also it is discussed about the civilized human’s unskillfulness in daily life and housekeeping, his alienation and captivity in an iron cage or global jungle. Production-consumption craze of modernism and consumerism and forging of post modernism are among cases which have been criticized as destructive consequences of those two philosophies (modernism and post-modernism). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - The study of the relationship between women’s employment and their social health in Maragheh
Elham Masti Sirous FakhrayiThe purpose of this research is to study the relationship between women’s employment and social health in Maragheh. This research is practical and the research method is descriptive and of correlation type, and in terms of collecting data is a survey. The theoreti MoreThe purpose of this research is to study the relationship between women’s employment and social health in Maragheh. This research is practical and the research method is descriptive and of correlation type, and in terms of collecting data is a survey. The theoretical framework of research included the theory of Kinez and the negative and positive approach of the relationship between the employment and social health (division of homework, multiple role, social solidarity, social acceptance, social partnership, social adaptation and social development). The statistical sample is all women over 25 years (40642) and according to Cochran formula for unlimited society, the sample size estimated 380 women using multistage cluster and simple random sampling method. In order to collect the data standard questionnaire (Kinez social health) and a researcher-made questionnaire were used. The Cronbakh Alpha coefficient was obtained 0.942 which represented of question’s stability.The descriptive statistics (frequency, percent, average, standard deviation …) was used for summarizing data, and the inferential statistics was used for studying the relations among variables (the independent T test, Pearson correlation, and T test and variance analysis). The results showed that, there is a significant relationship between women’s employment and social health, in addition social health among employed women were more than housekeepers and the highest level of social health were among official and part-time employed people. In other words, job conditions had the most influence on social health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - A Comparative Study related to Husband's Permission for his Wife to Go out for Work in Shia and Sunni jurisprudents' Views
Abdoolrasool AhmadianWomen's employment has become increasingly unavoidable in today's world. However, it is impermissible for a wife to go out for work except with her husband's permission, otherwise it can be considered as her disobedience or her refusal to fulfil her marital duties "NASH MoreWomen's employment has become increasingly unavoidable in today's world. However, it is impermissible for a wife to go out for work except with her husband's permission, otherwise it can be considered as her disobedience or her refusal to fulfil her marital duties "NASHUZ''. Concerning the wife's permission restriction to get out of the house, a group of Islamic jurists believes in the absolute necessity of receiving such permission from the male spouse while another group argues that it is permissible for the female spouse to go out unless it contradicts with her "absolute sexual submission". After all, the female spouse can get out of the house and work if needed. All Islamic religious parties are in consensus that if the female spouse employment - whether at home or away - is in full contradiction with the absolute right of male spouse regarding wife's sexual submission, it basically needs the consent of the male spouse in this respect. Shia and Sunni jurists share the same view that female spouse employment should not be conflicted with the interests of the family, nor with the dignity of both spouses, nor with the duty of parenting and strengthening the family. Having responsibility for providing care and support for the family, the male spouse can monitor and manage his wife's commute. Furthermore, according to the principle of free will, the female spouse can take possession of her properties while her husband has no right to interfere in her personal affairs, although the consent of her husband is considered to be a virtue. The employment option and the permission to get out of the house, as the condition of marriage, can be included in the prenuptial agreement or marriage contract by the female spouse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Jurisprudential review of the legitimacy of "tax on empty houses"
Akram Abdollah Pour mohammad javad valizadehExamining the jurisprudential reasons for "vacant house tax" is an important step in the conclusion and implementation of the tax law on empty houses, as is the purpose of this analytical and descriptive research, which is a library-type method of collecting information MoreExamining the jurisprudential reasons for "vacant house tax" is an important step in the conclusion and implementation of the tax law on empty houses, as is the purpose of this analytical and descriptive research, which is a library-type method of collecting information. On the other hand, despite the importance of this issue, the entry of jurisprudence researchers in this field even after the Islamic revolution and the formation of the Islamic government was very weak and weak, and therefore this research is completely new and innovative. The findings of the research indicate that the juridical legitimacy of the "vacant house tax" can be proven with three reasons: a) the approval opinion of the ruler of Sharia (with legal approval and the approval of the jurists of the Guardian Council). b) With the reason of "reason" through examining the aspects of the issue in terms of real advantages and disadvantages. c) The rules of "harmless" and "harmless", by proving the loss and harm of the absence of tax on an empty house. Generalities and principles such as "be faithful to the contracts", "Muslim fulfills his condition" and "principle of correctness of action" are unable to prove the jurisprudential legitimacy of "empty house tax". As the arguments of the opponents under the heading 1- conflict with the rule of subordination and property rights of individuals 2- conflict with the rule of the need to protect the economic and social order and prevent system disruption, are weak and they do not have the power to contradict the supporting reasons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Risk assessment of heavy metals via Consumption of House Spparow by Dezful natives
E. Solgi Z. BahonarExposure to heavy metals through the consumption of birds may lead to health hazards for individuals, especially in areas where there are agricultural and industrial activities. Therefore, the present study has conducted to risk assessment of iron, zinc, copper, mangane MoreExposure to heavy metals through the consumption of birds may lead to health hazards for individuals, especially in areas where there are agricultural and industrial activities. Therefore, the present study has conducted to risk assessment of iron, zinc, copper, manganese and lead in the muscle tissue of domestic sparrow (passer domesticus) in urban and rural areas of Dezful. The present study was a research study. For this research, 60 house sparrows from urban areas and 10 sparrows from rural areas were collected from Dezful city. Finally, the concentrations of iron, zinc, copper, manganese and lead metals were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and acid digestion. Daily and weekly intake of iron, copper, zinc, manganese and lead via­ consumption of House spparow was less than the standard recommended by the Joint Committee of the World Health Organization and the FAO. The THQ of each metal in this study was less than one, which indicates the absence of any food hazard due to the consumption of the studied species at the current rate. In the rural areas, the THQ values for Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Pb were 0.0154, 0.0004, 0.003, 0.0001, and 0.000065, respectively, and in the urban areas, THQ valus were 0.01, 0.00069, 0.004, 0.0003, and 0.000046, According to the results, it seems that the consumption of house sparrows in the present time does not pose health risks to the health of its consumers. TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back // TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back //TRANSLATE with xEnglishArabicHebrewPolishBulgarianHindiPortugueseCatalanHmong DawRomanianChinese SimplifiedHungarianRussianChinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovakCzechItalianSlovenianDanishJapaneseSpanishDutchKlingonSwedishEnglishKoreanThaiEstonianLatvianTurkishFinnishLithuanianUkrainianFrenchMalayUrduGermanMalteseVietnameseGreekNorwegianWelshHaitian CreolePersian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW BackEMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster PortalBack// Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Isolation and identification of some phenotypic features of Pseudomonas in poultry slaughter line
H. Jafarzadeh H. Mirzaei Shahram Hanifian افشین Javadi J. ShayeghPseudomonas are among psychrophilic bacteria and have been reported in various studies as the predominant spoilage bacterial in slaughter carcass. The aim of this study was to track Pseudomonas spp. from different stages of the slaughter line, slaughterhouse environment MorePseudomonas are among psychrophilic bacteria and have been reported in various studies as the predominant spoilage bacterial in slaughter carcass. The aim of this study was to track Pseudomonas spp. from different stages of the slaughter line, slaughterhouse environment and equipment and drop in the packaging. Characteristics such as pigment production, movement pattern and biofilm formation capability of the isolates were also determined. For this purpose, 108 samples were sampled from three industrial poultry slaughterhouses in Tabriz. According to the results, the highest contamination was detected in the samples of the floors, abdominal cavity of carcass and drip samples, respectively. The lowest contamination was observed in the samples related to drinking water, live chicken breast swab and scalder, respectively. The average movement of the Swimming type was significantly (p ≤ 0.001) higher than the two types of Swarming and Twitching movements. And in terms of pigment production, the dominant color was green. Moreover, most of the isolates were able to form biofilms and about 30% of the isolates had moderate and strong ability to produce biofilms. In conclusion, most of the Pseudomonas spp. contamination occurs through different parts of the slaughter line and also the equipment and environment of the slaughterhouse. Due to the biofilm production capacity of Pseudomonas isolates, the issue of proper and more effective washing and disinfection of the slaughter line and equipment is of particular importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Effect of gamma irradiation on Cysticercusbovisin infested cattle carcasses
زهره Mashak H.R Sodagari علی Khanjari غلامرضا Shahhoseini افشین Motaghifar محسن DavoodabadiFarahani Taeniasis is one of the parasitic zoonotic diseases that could transmit through the consuming of semi-cooked or raw beef infested with Cysticercosebovis. Irradiation as a safe approach can be applied in order to eliminate parasites from foods. It can be use More Taeniasis is one of the parasitic zoonotic diseases that could transmit through the consuming of semi-cooked or raw beef infested with Cysticercosebovis. Irradiation as a safe approach can be applied in order to eliminate parasites from foods. It can be used as a control method to prevent parasitic foodborne diseases. Therefore, in this study the cattle muscles containing live cysts were selected from two slaughterhouses of Alborz province and were subjected for gamma irradiation with different doses (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1 and 1.5) KGY. Afterwards, the samples were stained with Eosin Methylene-Blue and were observed with light microscope to determine the viability of the cysts. The analysis of data was conducted with SPSS version 22. The results indicated that 0.8, 0.9, 1 and 1.5 KGY doses were capable to inactivate viable cysts significantly, with 72%, 82.6%, 90.9% and 91.6%, respectively. Therefore, 1 KGY is recommended as appropriate dose for elimination of C. bovis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - The Infestation rate of heamoparasite in Slaughtered sheep and goats of Tabriz abattoir (2009)
حسین Hashemzadeh Farhang پریسا Shahbazi فرهاد Fard Manafi RadThis study is done on 200 sheep and 200 goats before slaughtering in Tabriz industrial abattoir. In the middle month of each season, blood samples were achieved from jugular vein, of 50 sheep and 50 goats. Blood samples were stained with Gimsa staining method. The stain MoreThis study is done on 200 sheep and 200 goats before slaughtering in Tabriz industrial abattoir. In the middle month of each season, blood samples were achieved from jugular vein, of 50 sheep and 50 goats. Blood samples were stained with Gimsa staining method. The stained slides were assayed with light microscope 100. According to the results obtained from 200 sheep samples, we observed 37 cases (18.5%) were infected with different blood parasites. Among these samples, 9 cases (9.5%) were infected with babesia ovis, 6 cases (3%) with both babesia ovis and babesia motasi, 11 cases (5.5%) were infected with theileria ovis and 1 case (0.5%) infected with anaplasma ovis. From 200 goats surveyed, we observed 34 cases (17%) were infected with different blood parasites. Among them 28 cases (14%) were infected with babesia ovis, 6 cases (3%) were infections with both babesia ovis and babesia motasi. According to the results obtained, from point of view of blood parasites, in sheep and goats slaughtered in Tabriz industrial abattoir, we observes that the highest rate of infection belongs to babesia ovis and the lowest rate to anaplasma ovis. From seasonal point of view, summer showed the highest rate of infection and winter showed the lowest rate. The infection rate between male and females or between sheep and goats showed no significant differences (P> 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Determination of copper and cadmium concentration in greenhouse tomatoes produced in Hamadan province during 2012
مهرداد Cheraghi مژگان Sohrabi کامران ShayestehExcessive accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils not only leads to environmental pollution, but also results in increased uptake of heavy metals by plants, which in turn affects the quality and safety of the foods. Cadmium and copper are considered as the ma MoreExcessive accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils not only leads to environmental pollution, but also results in increased uptake of heavy metals by plants, which in turn affects the quality and safety of the foods. Cadmium and copper are considered as the major pollutants of greenhouse soils that stem from agricultural techniques and chemical materials. This is a study aimed to investigate the contamination of greenhouse tomatoes crop with copper and cadmium in Hamadan province. A total of 72 samples were obtained from 18 greenhouses (4 samples from each) located in 6 cities of the province. Following preparation procedure, the concentrations of the elements were measured using atomic emission. According to the results, the concentrations of cadmium and copper in tomato samples were estimated at the range of 0.08–5.25 and 0.01–9.25 mg/kg, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a correlation between cadmium and copper concentrations. Moreover, comparing the results with the approved level of these elements revealed that the concentration of cadmium and copper in some of the greenhouse tomatoes were above the acceptable level. That is to say, the concentration of cadmium in all of the samples was determined as health threatening level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Study of Beef Carcass Bacterial Contamination in Karajrak Slaughterhouse
V.A Koohdar Carcass meat is sterile immediately after slaughtering, but surface contamination takes place during and after dressing. Slaughter processes have very important role in increase or decrease of microbial contamination. In this study, neck, posterior side of More Carcass meat is sterile immediately after slaughtering, but surface contamination takes place during and after dressing. Slaughter processes have very important role in increase or decrease of microbial contamination. In this study, neck, posterior side of the foreleg, flank and rump sites of 10 beef carcasses were sampled with indirect swabbing method at post skinning, before trimming and post final washing, to evaluation of these operational steps effect on bacterial population. Bacteriological examination (aerobic plate counts at 37°C, Escherichia coli enumeration and Salmonella identification) were obtained from the samples. The results indicated that posterior side of the foreleg and trimming were the most contaminated site and stage for aerobic plate counts, respectively. Cold water washing of carcass has significant effect (p<0.05) on decrease of microbial population from neck and rump, but it was ineffective in removing microbial contamination. The posterior side of the foreleg was the most contaminated site for Escherichia coli and salmonellawas detected only on trimming step of slaughtering. With due attention to low aerobic plate counts, Escherichia coli enumeration and absence of salmonella in samples after final washing, operating procedures are satisfactory in this bovine slaughterhouse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Concentration of lead and zinc in greenhouse cucumbers of Hamadan province in 2012
زهرا BigMohammadi کامران Shayesteh مهرداد Cheraghi Heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils is a major environmental problem that can affect plant production, food safety and human health. Soil contamination with heavy metals occurs as a result of human activities. Heavy metals can easily accumulate in e More Heavy metal pollution of agricultural soils is a major environmental problem that can affect plant production, food safety and human health. Soil contamination with heavy metals occurs as a result of human activities. Heavy metals can easily accumulate in edible tissues of leafy vegetables, fruits and seeds. Few studies have been conducted on heavy metals concentration in soil and greenhouse crops. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the concentrations of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in greenhouse cucumbers produced in Hamadan province. The concentrations of heavy metals were measured using atomic emission method. Results showed that the mean concentrations of Pb and Zn in cucumber samples were 0.33 and 3.14 mg/kg, respectively. Also the results of the statistical analysis revealed a negative correlation between the measured concentrations. Moreover, the concentration of Zn in the samples obtained from Hamadan greenhouses and lead concentration in Tuyserkan, Famenin, as well as Malayer samples were above the recommended limits. Daily intake amounts of Pb and Zn from vegetables consumption for three age categories (children, adolescents, and adults) were calculated. In conclusion, daily intake of Pb and Zn were determined below the recommended limits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Seroprevalence of Escherichia coli in traditional cheeses manufactured in Maragheh rural
سامان Mahdavi Coliforms and Escherichia coli are major microbial indicators in the accessing the quality of foodstuffs. The presence of these bacteria in foods is considered as an indication of fecal contamination. E. coli O157:H7 is the most pathogenic strain that is tr More Coliforms and Escherichia coli are major microbial indicators in the accessing the quality of foodstuffs. The presence of these bacteria in foods is considered as an indication of fecal contamination. E. coli O157:H7 is the most pathogenic strain that is transmitted to human through animal-foods. This study was performed on 100 traditional cheese samples manufactured in Maragheh rural to determine the seroprevalence of E. coli. The samples were analyzed with standard microbiological methods followed by biochemical confirmatory tests. Afterwards, the isolates were assayed for the detection of O-serotypes using direct agglutination method. Among the 100 cheese samples, E. coli O157serotypewas not detected in any sample. However, other E. coli serotypes including 32 isolates of non-O157 serotypes were detected. Among the isolates, enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic and enterohaemorhhagic serogruops was also detected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Prevalence and antibiotic resistant of Campylobacter spp. isolated from different stages of sheep slaughterhouse
امیر Shakerian ابراهیم Rahimi سیامک KazemiCampylobacter jejuni/coli are frequent causes of diarrhea in humans worldwide originating in foods of animal origin mainly from meat. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in lamb at different stages of the slaughter line including: MoreCampylobacter jejuni/coli are frequent causes of diarrhea in humans worldwide originating in foods of animal origin mainly from meat. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in lamb at different stages of the slaughter line including: after-skinning, after evisceration and the end of slaughter process. A total of 150 lamb samples (50 samples per each stage) were collected over a period of 16-month between January 2006 and May 2008, and were analyzed for the presence of Campylobacter spp. According to the results, Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 11.3% (17/150) of the carcasses from the three sampling stages. Among the isolates, 76.5% were identified as C. jejuni and 23.1% as C. coli. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 5%, 8% and 4% of carcasses during the stages of after-skinning, after-evisceration and the end of slaughter process, respectively. Antibiotics susceptibility of 17 isolates were determined for ten different antibiotics using the disk diffusion assay. Results revealed that 58/8% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, while 47/1% of the isolates to nalidixic acid, 41/2% to tetracycline, 29/4% to enrofloxacin, 23/5% to ampicillin, 5/9% to amoxicillin, and 5/9% top streptomycine. None of the isolates was resistant to erythromycin, chloramphenicol and gentamicine. This study emphasizes the application of a preventive system such as HACCP (Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points) for the control of Campylobacter contamination in slaughterhouse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Evaluation of heavy metal concentration in compost, soil cover and button mushroom in Kurdistan greenhouses
مهرداد Cheraghi بهاره Lorestani ندا Mardokh rohani Heavy metal pollution is among the major problems of environmental and food safety concerns. This study investigated the concentration of heavy metals i. e., arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in mushroom crops produced in Kurd More Heavy metal pollution is among the major problems of environmental and food safety concerns. This study investigated the concentration of heavy metals i. e., arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in mushroom crops produced in Kurdistan greenhouses. For this purpose, compost, mushroom crop and soil of four greenhouses with five repetitions for each sample were obtained. A total number of 60 sample was analyzed. The samples were digested using acid digestion method and the concentrations of the metals were determined by atomic emission technique. According to the results, average as concentrations in mushroom was estimated at 89.742 mg/kg, Cd 0.32 mg/kg, Cu 48.868 mg/kg, Pb 3.152 mg/kg and Zn 24.072 mg/kg. The findings showed that the mean concentrations of As, Pb and Cu in all mushroom samples were higher than WHO standards (0.5, 2 and 40 mg/kg for As, Cu and Pb, respectively). However, the concentrations of Zn and Cd in the mushroom samples were in the acceptable limit. Data showed that except for As, the concentrations of all elements in soil and compost samples were lower than the EPA standard. It was concluded that excessive application of chemical fertilizers had resulted in the increasing of heavy metal concentrations in the soil, compost and mushroom crops produced in Kurdistan greenhouses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - A serological survey of ovine and caprine brucellosis in slaughterhouses of East Azerbaijan province during 2004
Afshin Javadi قهرمان Akrami Nojadeh M.R Javadi مهدی Ahmad KhanliBrucellosis is a zoonotic disease which could be transmitted from animals to humans by ingestion of contaminated raw milk, dairy products or contact with meat or raw animal products. Thus, determination of brucella contaminated sheep and goat meat due to the risk of bru MoreBrucellosis is a zoonotic disease which could be transmitted from animals to humans by ingestion of contaminated raw milk, dairy products or contact with meat or raw animal products. Thus, determination of brucella contaminated sheep and goat meat due to the risk of brucellosis transmission to human was the purpose of the present study. For this study, blood samples were collected directly during slaughtering from 441 female sheep and 300 female goats with an age of over a year slaughtered at abattoirs of East Azarbaijan province. At first, positive samples were separated by Rose Bengal test and then quantited with Wright and 2-ME tests. All the results were compared with standard veterinary tables and the data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. According to this research, the prevalence rate of brucellosis among sheep and goats was 4.53% and 5.33% respectively. The prevalence rate of sheep and goat brucellosis in Shabestar city was significantly higher than other cities (P<0.01) but there was no significant difference between sheep and goat brucellosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - A survey on the rate of abomasal ulcers of local cattle slaughtered in Noor city abattoir
seyyed mohsen mousavi saeed azimpour seyyed mohammad hosseini Abomasal ulcers are usually seen in dairy cattle with high production following the stress of parturition. Primary and secondary abomasal ulcers are seen in cows and suckling calves. Some ulcers are life-threatening, but the majority are without any clinica More Abomasal ulcers are usually seen in dairy cattle with high production following the stress of parturition. Primary and secondary abomasal ulcers are seen in cows and suckling calves. Some ulcers are life-threatening, but the majority are without any clinical signs and only diagnosed in slaughterhouse. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence of abomasal ulcers in local cattle slaughtered at noor city abattoir. For this purpose, the abomasum of 200 cows (92 bulls and 108 cows) aged 2.5 to 11 years (5.21±2.5) were investigated randomly after slaughter. For accurate diagnosis and grading of the lesions, tissue samples were prepared for histopathological investigation. Six cases (3%) of the examined abomasa had various types of abomasal ulcers. In this study, abomasal ulcer type 1 was observed with the highest frequency (3 cases). Type 2 and type 3 were seen in 2 and 1 case respectively. There was no type 4 abomasal ulcer. The highest number of ulcers was seen in pylorus and cardia. The highest percentage of abomasal ulcer was observed in cattle older than 9 years (4.77%). Significant difference was observed in the occurrence of abomasal ulcers in different ages (p<0.05). There was no significant association between sex and the incidence of abomasal ulcers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Histopathology of gallbladder lesions of confiscated livers from cattle slaughtered in urmia abattoir
amir amniattalab araz manaffar During one month carcasses of 323 cattle (213 bulls and 110 cow) were inspected by referring to Urmia slaughter-house. Livers and gallbladders of 47 cattle had macroscopic changes. Histopathologic sections were prepared from injured tissues and for bacterio More During one month carcasses of 323 cattle (213 bulls and 110 cow) were inspected by referring to Urmia slaughter-house. Livers and gallbladders of 47 cattle had macroscopic changes. Histopathologic sections were prepared from injured tissues and for bacteriology, contents of injured and normal gallbladders were cultured. Major macroscopic changes that were observed in damaged livers and gallbladders were: increasing of gallbladder thickness, petechiae, choleliths in gallbladder, hepatolithiasis, hepatic fascioliasis and presence of dicrocoelium in gall bladder. Histological sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid schiff and masson’s trichrome staining methods. Cholecystitis, hyperplasia of seromucosal glands’ congestion, hemorrhage, fat necrosis and increased thickness of gallbladder layers were observed. Also Escherichia coli was isolated from 4 gallbladders. In females, the incidence of microscopic changes including cholecystitis, increasing of mucosal layer thickness, hyperplasia of seromucosal glands, hemorrhage in layers except the mucosal layer and presence of bacteria in culture of gallbladder contents was more than males (p<0.05). Also incidence of cholecystitis in native breeds was more in comparison with hybrid and Holstein breeds (p<0.05). According to the results, prevalence of hepatic fascioliasis is a predisposing factor for cholecystitis in this area. Also traditional feeding and diet regimen of native cattle are effective in creation of cholelithiasis which arise as a result of cholecystitis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - A slaughterhouse and bacteriologic study on hepatic abscesses of slaughtered sheep in Urmia abattoir
عبداله Araghi – Sooreh علی Hassanpour امیر SalimpourHepatic abscesses have a major economic impact on the stock-breeding industry because of liver condemnation and reduced animal performance and carcass yield. This research was aimed to determine occurrence and bacterial causes of hepatic abscesses of sheep slaughtered a MoreHepatic abscesses have a major economic impact on the stock-breeding industry because of liver condemnation and reduced animal performance and carcass yield. This research was aimed to determine occurrence and bacterial causes of hepatic abscesses of sheep slaughtered at Urmia abattoir.Post-mortem examination of 3260 sheep showed that 48 (1.47%) exhibited hepatic abscesses. Twenty six (1.99%) abscesses were found in females and 22(1.12%) abscesses were found in males. Most of the abscesses were found in the right lobes (45.8%) and in diaphragmatic surfaces (47.9%) of livers. According to presence of abscesses, there was significant difference between different liver surfaces (p<0.05). All abscesses were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Seventy one isolates from 6 genera were identified. The following bacteria were isolated: Fusobacterium necrophorum (14 in pure culture and 9 in mixed culture); Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (5 in pure culture and 14 in mixed culture); Arcanobacterium pyogenes (4 in pure culture and 10 in mixed culture); Escherichia coli (2 in pure culture and 5 in mixed culture); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4 in mixed culture) and Staphylococcus spp. (4 in mixed culture). The results of this study showed that F.necrophorum is the most important bacterial cause of hepatic abscesses (49.7%) and C.pseudotuberculosis is the second important bacterial cause of hepatic abscesses (39.6%) in sheep in Urmia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Prevalence of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) on slaughtered cattle and calves in Tabriz abattoir
منصور Khakpour فرهاد Nazeri جلیل Khandagi جلال ShaiegE.coli is natural flour in large intestine and main common pathogen between human and animal , and its transportable by food , that its important cause of diarrhea infections in cows , particularly in calves. The aim of this survey is identify and separating E.coli and MoreE.coli is natural flour in large intestine and main common pathogen between human and animal , and its transportable by food , that its important cause of diarrhea infections in cows , particularly in calves. The aim of this survey is identify and separating E.coli and verotoxicogenic, that by referring to Tabriz slaughterhouse in chance 43 excrement samples from calves and 151 excrement samples from cows has been taken and transport to microbiology laboratory of veterinary faculty of Islamic azad TabrizUniversity. After in riching the samples and culturing in plates this results has been taken: From 194 taken samples, 113 E.coli samples were separated that were 85 positive sorbitol samples and 28 negative sorbitol samples .From 85 positive sorbitol samples were 19 samples of calves and 66 samples of cows and from 28 negative sorbitol samples were 13 samples of calves and 15 samples of cows. Also serological test accomplished for determining E.coli non O157 serotypes on the positive sorbitol samples that 9 samples of cows and 42 samples of cows demonstrate positive reaction, then on 28 negative sorbitol samples and 85 positive sorbitol samples, the PCR test accomplished by using secans of stx1, stx2 gens, that 15 samples of 28 negative sorbitol samples and 19 samples of 42 positive sorbitol samples were E.coli and verotoxicogenic. The result demonstrated that high amount of E.coli and verotoxicogenic exist in excrement of cows and calves slaughtered in Tabriz slaughterhouse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Studying the Demand Schedule and Consumption Behavior of the Urban Households of the Country
Mohammad Ali Motafaker azad Habib Agajani Kazem Amjadi In this paper, the consumption behavior of the Urbanal households of the country in Iran has been studied over 1358-1380 through “Almost Ideal Demand System” model. The articles studied in five main groups include “ More In this paper, the consumption behavior of the Urbanal households of the country in Iran has been studied over 1358-1380 through “Almost Ideal Demand System” model. The articles studied in five main groups include “foods, drinks and tobacco products”, “clothing and shoes”, “residence, fuel and electricity”, and “other goods and services”. To study the consumption behavior of city households, Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) has been used. The estimation of the mentioned system has been performed by SUR method. After estimating this model for various article groups of the country urban households, the related, intersecting and income price elasticity has been calculated. The results obtained from hypotheses test show that the homogeneous hypotheses denoting the lack of users’ monetary suspicion, impressibility of household consumption basket by the relative changes of prices, the necessity of article group of " food, drink and tobacco products " and " furniture ", the concordance of price related coefficients with the demand theory has been verified and the conjunction hypothesis (on the intersection effect of prices) is rejected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Comparison of Social Lifestyle of Employed Women and Housewives in Gilane-Gharb (Case Study: Young Women Aged 25-40 Years Old)
Masoumeh Heidary Zargoush Ehsan Najafi Mohammad Hossien Asadi davood Abadi Akbar Zohrabi -
Open Access Article
233 - Evaluating the Impact of Social Capital on the Empowerment of Young Female Heads of Households (Case Study of Bojnourd)
Hadi Afra Esmaeil Ghorbani Samira Khoramdel -
Open Access Article
234 - Evaluation of Functional Efficiency of Space in Architecture of Two-Sided Houses Built in the First Pahlavi of Shiraz(Case Study: Razmjoo and Mostaghni Houses)
Fatemeh Kakaei Tahereh Nasr Hadi Keshmiri Hamed MoztarzadehSince the first Pahlavi architecture is a new chapter in the creation of space and so far little research has been done on the houses of Shiraz that qualify and valuable criteria to protect and model their architecture; Based on this, this research aims to evaluate func MoreSince the first Pahlavi architecture is a new chapter in the creation of space and so far little research has been done on the houses of Shiraz that qualify and valuable criteria to protect and model their architecture; Based on this, this research aims to evaluate functional efficiency of space in architecture of two-sided houses of first Pahlavi construction in Shiraz, so that by improving the quality of housing architecture, it can achieve sustainable development of urban housing. Therefore, in terms of the objective, it is an applied research, and in terms of the data collection method, it is a non-experimental descriptive research of survey and case type. In this way, first, by using library sources and documents, the concept of functional efficiency of space in the residential architecture of the first Pahlavi of Shiraz was investigated and the factors affecting it were extracted; Then, by drawing explanatory diagrams, the spatial relationships in the selected houses were analyzed using the way of life and space syntax, and the spatial organization of the houses was examined from the point of view of movement, arena and functional systems. Following the ranking of factors affecting the performance efficiency of space in the first Pahlavi residential architecture of Shiraz, based on the process of analytical analysis, it was discussed. Then the performance efficiency of space was evaluated in the architecture of the selected houses. The obtained results show that the components of "accessibility" and "flexibility" in the movement system of space, the component of "penetrability" in the system of staging space, and the components of "interconnection" and "integration" in the functional system of space as indicators, positive indicators with an increasing effect, as well as the "average relative depth" component in the space staging system and the "relative order" and "separation" components in the functional space system as negative indicators with a decreasing effect on the level of functional efficiency are considered as space. The compatibility rate values are less than 0.100, hence the criteria are compatible in terms of mathematical logic and the calculations are correct. Therefore, the criteria of revitalizing the local identity and culture, form and direction of the optimal location of the mass-space, ecological orientation, compliance with the formal-spatial hierarchies, introversion, establishing security and safety, using light and natural ventilation, connecting with nature and natural elements, physical and visual accessibility, continuity of the level of human activities, fit between space, form and activity, existence of open (public), closed (private) and semi-open-closed (semi-public-private) spaces, respecting adaptability and flexibility, creating diversity and attractiveness, paying attention to beauty and avoiding futility are the factors affecting functional efficiency of space in residential architecture of first Pahlavi of Shiraz, which are ranked according to their importance, as well as the options (yard + two-sides-construction of two opposite fronts) and (yard + two-sides of the L-shaped structure) respectively have the highest appearance of the mentioned factors and, accordingly, the highest level of functional efficiency. It is considered that by strengthening the positive components and weakening the negative components on functional efficiency of space in residential architecture, the design process can be guided in an architectural format. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Reflection of social structure in the spatial configuration of housing with emphasis on the theory of spatial syntax (Case study: Traditional and contemporary houses of the historical cultural context of Tabriz)
Atefeh Fathbaqali Mohammadjavad Maghsoudi Tilaki Masoumeh Hedayati MarzbaliHomes, as the main place of life of modern man, must respond to the needs, beliefs and values of its inhabitants. The shape and body of space affects human lifestyle and behavior. In this research, the complexities of social and cultural relations in the spatial structu MoreHomes, as the main place of life of modern man, must respond to the needs, beliefs and values of its inhabitants. The shape and body of space affects human lifestyle and behavior. In this research, the complexities of social and cultural relations in the spatial structure of traditional and contemporary houses in Tabriz have been investigated using the theory of space syntax. The present study tries to extract and introduce changes in the layout and spatial structure of houses in terms of space syntax criteria. To achieve this goal, after selecting a case study of the cultural and historical context of Tabriz, IGraph software has been used to draw and classify the samples and analyze the spatial structure, and their explanatory diagram. Then the correlation indices and the relative depth of the spaces have been analyzed using the mathematical relations of the space syntax and the visibility indices, the visibility cone using the Depthmap software for each sample. The results show that there is a direct relationship between the variable of social structures and the variable of spatial arrangement. This means that the characteristics of social structures governing society, including interactions and privacy, are important architectural values of traditional houses, However, in contemporary houses, due to having a purely physical view and insufficient knowledge of the residents and their needs, many changes have taken place in the housing debate, which has led to the residents not belonging to the house. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Presenting Proposed Rural Housing Schemes According to Developed Patterns of Vernacular Houses in Guilan Region
Sahar Bashirzadeh Jamalledin Soheili Farshad MafakherNowadays, building houses with vernacular style method does not seem to be used anymore in rural area. However, some still remain by slight changes in their architecture. The purpose of this study is to review and document developing vernacular patterns of houses in the MoreNowadays, building houses with vernacular style method does not seem to be used anymore in rural area. However, some still remain by slight changes in their architecture. The purpose of this study is to review and document developing vernacular patterns of houses in the village along with providing proposed plans adapting these changes. According to applied purpose of the article which maintain vernacular style in rural area a descriptive-analytical method has been utilized obtaining initial data, current plans and modification of houses through library-documentary and field studies. In this study five houses with a common initial pattern were targeted by purposeful and non-probabilistic selection among 20 vernacular houses in Toularoud Bala village in the period of years 2019-2021. Possible patterns and modified houses were analyzed through space syntax and its factors. Space syntax theory has been utilized for analyzing data. By comparative comparison of the space syntax factors on characteristics of vernacular houses, some proposed patterns were selected and presented while preserving the vernacular feature of the houses through conductive reasoning. Results indicate that modified vernacular houses reserving characteristics of shallow-depth(level: 1) and high-integration of the porch (average rate:7) and by porch being located in the first layer of the house(layer 1-2) match with vernacular features of their prototype. Proposed developmental patterns of the vernacular house which are presented in accordance with the residents` needs could replace the new urban construction patterns for constructing housing for the villagers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - An Approach to Improve Customer Satisfaction in Logistics: the Case of HEPCO
Mohammad Ehsanifar Reza Ehtesham Rasi -
Open Access Article
238 - Comparative study of the effect of some types of nitrogen fertilizers on growth, alkaloid content and some physiological traits of the ornamental-medicinal plant Agave Americana cv marginata under greenhouse cultivation
Ebrahim Jokar Aryan Sateei Mehdi Ebadi Mazeyar Ahmadi GolsefidiIn the present study, the effect of three types of nitrogen fertilizers under potting and greenhouse cultivation on growth rate, total nitrogen content, protein, free amino acids and leaf and root alkaloids and leaf nitrate reductase activity in American agave cultivar MoreIn the present study, the effect of three types of nitrogen fertilizers under potting and greenhouse cultivation on growth rate, total nitrogen content, protein, free amino acids and leaf and root alkaloids and leaf nitrate reductase activity in American agave cultivar Marginata was investigated.Fertilizers including urea (46%), NPK compound fertilizer of type 20 20 20, and Dr. Bio biofertilizer (containing Azotobacter) were applied in two concentrations each, and their effects were compared with the effects ofsoil without fertilizer as a control. Increasing fertilizer in all cases, and especially in the case of biofertilizer, reduced the nitrate reductase activity of the leaves and also changed the overall nitrogen content of the root in favor of increasing it in the leaves. Urea increased wet and dry weight, total protein content, free amino acids and leaf and root alkaloids. Biofertilizer significantly increased fresh and dry weight and leaf protein content, fresh weight and content of free amino acids and root protein. This fertilizer had no significant effect on the alkaloid content of leaves and roots. Increasing the NPK fertilizer also increased the fresh and dry weight and free amino acids of the leaves and the content of total proteins and alkaloids in the leaves and roots and decreased the fresh weight and free amino acids of the roots. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Effect of Bio-stimulator Fosnutren and Humiforte on some morphophysiological and phytochemical traits of Garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) under water deficit
Elham Danaee Vahid AbdossiWater stress is one of the most important environmental factors limiting the growth and yield of plants, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. To investigate the effects of low water stress (25, 50, 75 and 100% of field capacity) and bio-stimulants of Fosnutren and MoreWater stress is one of the most important environmental factors limiting the growth and yield of plants, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. To investigate the effects of low water stress (25, 50, 75 and 100% of field capacity) and bio-stimulants of Fosnutren and Humiforte (5 ml) on some morphophysiological and phytochemical traits of thyme, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with 12 treatments and 3 replications in 2020 performed in greenhouse conditions. Therefore, the seedlings obtained from seed cultivation after two weeks of transfer to the pot, were exposed to dehydration stress treatments. Foliar application of plants with Fosnutren and Humiforte was performed three times and once every 15 days. The desired traits were evaluated 15 days after the last treatments. The results showed that increasing the levels of low water stress (25 and 50% of field capacity) caused a significant decrease in growth indices, chlorophyll content, total antioxidant percentage and essential oils and increase in proline content. Simultaneous treatment of drought and bio-stimulants of Fosnutren and humiforte with significantly reduced oxidative stress due to dehydration improved the evaluated traits except the amount of proline. The highest percentage of essential oil (2.34%) in Fosnutren foliar spraying and was obtained at 75% field capacity. In general, foliar application of Fosnutren and Humiforte reduced the negative effects of dehydration in thyme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Phytochemical essential oil analysis of Salvia leriifolia Benth. from different stages and habitats (natural and greenhouse condition)
Mir mehdi hashmi Bahman Hosaeni abbas Hasani Rana Gholenezhad Ubret Ghosta َAlireza SirousmehrSalvia leriifolia Bench.is belongs to Laminaceae family, which as antioxidant, antibacterial, sedative and anti diabetes properties. In the present study, the quality and quantity of plant essential oil in different various growth stages were evaluated. The leaves MoreSalvia leriifolia Bench.is belongs to Laminaceae family, which as antioxidant, antibacterial, sedative and anti diabetes properties. In the present study, the quality and quantity of plant essential oil in different various growth stages were evaluated. The leaves of plant were collected during vegetative, blooming and seed maturity from natural habitat (Abkhovan Sabzevar, Khorasan Razavi province) and greenhouse in spring 2012. Essential oils were obtained by hydro distillation method (Clevenger apparatus) and analyzed by GC and GC / MS. The results were showed that in blooming stage especially in natural habitat, the plant had the highest essential oil content (1.04%) in which the camphor (23.85%), β-pinene (9.8%), 1,8-cineol (8.04%) and α-pinene (6.87%) were the most abundant essential oil constituents. Furthermore, in both regions camphor, β-pinene and α-pinene were the most constituents of plant oils, but in seed maturity stage the oil content (0.65%) was decreased and the camphor wasn't recorded, while in other stages the camphor were the highest content in both regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Investigating the Performance of Neighborhood Houses in Attracting Participation of Tehran’s Citizens
Batoul Hossienpour soroush fathiThe importance of sustainable urban policy has made it clear that neighborhoods and local communities have a role in the framework of the concept of sustainable development. Thus, the urban management plan is oriented towards the micro level. In order to evaluate the ef MoreThe importance of sustainable urban policy has made it clear that neighborhoods and local communities have a role in the framework of the concept of sustainable development. Thus, the urban management plan is oriented towards the micro level. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the neighborhood houses in attracting the participation of citizens, regions such as Sohanak, Andisheh, Sadeqiyeh in the north, Imamat and Haft Chenar in central region, Atabak, Shohadayeh Gomnam, Aghdasiyeh, Khani Abad and Imam Zadeh Hassan in the south are selected as a example and are assessed in six categories of information and advertising, effectiveness, reliability, facilities, experience and expertise and satisfaction. The statistical population is consisted of women aged between 20 to 50 years old and a sample of 500 individuals is selected. The research method is survey and questionnaire. The results show that the participation of citizens in neighborhood houses is at moderate to high level. And there is a significant relationship between the variables facilities, reliability, activities, satisfaction, faculty expertise, information and familiarity and participation of citizens in a significant relationship. The overall results show that the performance of neighborhood houses proper facilities is effective in citizen participation. In other words, the higher the hardware and software facilities (trust, proper notification, appropriate activities, satisfaction and use of expertise), the higher the participation of citizens in the use of facilities and programs and activities of neighborhood houses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Physical Identity of Traditional Interior Housing Spaces and Its Applicability in Houses of Tabriz
shafigeh aliasl mamaghani hamidreza saremi mohammad reza bemanian A house is a sample of Iranian traditional architecture which has taken its utmost effect from people's living patterns. The main question of the research is that how we can strengthen the physical identity in internal spaces of Tabriz contempor More A house is a sample of Iranian traditional architecture which has taken its utmost effect from people's living patterns. The main question of the research is that how we can strengthen the physical identity in internal spaces of Tabriz contemporary houses. This research seeks to achieve an appropriate pattern in designing contemporary houses in Tabriz by exploiting contemporary houses in Tabriz and the effective factors in designing traditional houses in cold regions like this city. The methodology of the research is descriptive analytical in which four case studies from Gagarin period houses and four case studies from Tabriz contemporary houses have been surveyed. Data-gathering was done using a library method in which traditional and contemporary houses of Tabriz were observed. For this purpose, the AHP method was used for measuring the components and the final results were obtained by analyzing and evaluating the opinions. The order of weighting in traditional houses was: humanizing, territorial, mold, professional-functional, functional-semantic. In the contemporary houses the order is: mold, humanizing, functional-semantic, professional-functional and territorial. Weighing results of the components indicated that these components have been forging in contemporary houses due to much emphasis on the mold of semantic components, and they need to be strengthened. The humanizing and much participation of people components can help strengthening physical identity of Tabriz contemporary houses with respect to the post experiences of Iranians. Traditional patterns of Iran, semantic and functional derivatives are the best patterns for preserving the house identity and cities particularly functional identity. Semantic patterns also need strengthening too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - A Study of the Bidirectional Relationship between House Prices and Rental Prices in Iran: A Bootstrap Approach using Quantile Regression with MCMB-A Method
roya aleemran seyed ali aleemranThe objective of this research is to examine the bidirectional relationship between house prices and house rental prices in Iran from the first quarter of 2002 to the fourth quarter of 2019. Granger causality tests and the bootstrap approach of quantile regression, spec MoreThe objective of this research is to examine the bidirectional relationship between house prices and house rental prices in Iran from the first quarter of 2002 to the fourth quarter of 2019. Granger causality tests and the bootstrap approach of quantile regression, specifically employing the MCMB-A Method, are utilized for the investigation. The results of the Granger causality test indicate a two-way causal relationship between house prices and house rental prices. The bootstrap method of quantile regression reveals that, across all deciles, house rental prices exert a significant positive impact on house prices. Notably, the coefficient of house rental prices exhibits an increasing trend from the first to the sixth decile, reaching its maximum value in the sixth decile, and subsequently decreasing from the seventh to the ninth decile. Additionally, across all deciles, house prices demonstrate a significant positive impact on house rental prices. Throughout the deciles, the coefficient of house prices experiences a decreasing trend from the first to the fourth decile, reaching its lowest value in the fourth decile, followed by an increasing trend from the fifth decile to the ninth decile, reaching its maximum value in the ninth decile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Assessing the Quality of Persian Translation of Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four Based on House’s Model: Overt-Covert Translation Distinction
Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Azizeh Chalak Amir Hossein Taherioun -
Open Access Article
245 - Estimation of gasoline, electricity and gas demand system for urban households of Iran
Aliakbar KhosravinejadThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the income, price and crossover elasticity's of energy carriers of Iranian urban households. For this purpose, the demand system of energy carriers including gasoline, household electricity and household gas for urban households MoreThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the income, price and crossover elasticity's of energy carriers of Iranian urban households. For this purpose, the demand system of energy carriers including gasoline, household electricity and household gas for urban households is estimated from the combined household-year data with 77758 households during the years 2016-2017. The distinguishing feature of this article is the use of monthly price index data along with cross-sectional household budget data. The results show that gasoline, household electricity and household gas are among the essential goods. Of these three commodities, gasoline and household electricity are estimated to be elastic and gas domestic is elastic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Improving the Efficiency of Household Electricity Consumption and Its Return Effect in Iran In Terms Of Asymmetry in Electricity Prices
azar alidadi pour musa khoshkalam khosroshahiThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the size of the direct return effect related to electricity consumption in the domestic sector of Iran in terms of asymmetry in electricity prices using the conventional least squares method. For this purpose, and considering the MoreThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the size of the direct return effect related to electricity consumption in the domestic sector of Iran in terms of asymmetry in electricity prices using the conventional least squares method. For this purpose, and considering the separation of electricity prices based on the Dargi and Gitley (1995) study, annual data for the period 1397-1347 and estimating the elasticity of electricity demand have been used. The results showed that first, improving the efficiency of household electricity consumption has a return effect and second, the return effect in the household sector is equal to 43%; That is, with a 10% increase in home appliance technology, 4.3% of the expected reserve due to the improvement of electricity consumption efficiency did not occur and this amount appeared in the form of a return effect and only 5.7% of the expected reserve in electricity consumption was realized. Based on the findings, it is suggested that economic policymakers, by accurately estimating the return effect, while achieving the goal of saving electricity consumption, also avoid wasting resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - The Effect of Habit Formation on Consumers Behavior in Iran
Mir Hosein Mousavi Elnaz khojasteh Farid DehghaniIn this paper, the effect of formed habits on consumer behavior was investigated by separating the three effects of generation, age and time (year) by generating a quasi-hybrid data set using the Dayton method. For this purpose, in the field of generations, 14 generatio MoreIn this paper, the effect of formed habits on consumer behavior was investigated by separating the three effects of generation, age and time (year) by generating a quasi-hybrid data set using the Dayton method. For this purpose, in the field of generations, 14 generations were studied from 1305 to 1995. Concerning time (year), this research investigates over 30 years from 1986 to 2020. The age of the subjects in this study ranged from 16 to 72 years. The results of the analysis of generation effects show that consumption expenditures are increasing with younger generations. The results of the study of the effect of time show the increase of households' consumption expenditure during the years 1986 to 2020 and the somewhat constant trend of the years 1995 to 2015. Results of the effects of age on consumption expenditure pattern confirmed the life cycle pattern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Analysis and Estimation of Housing Prices in Tabriz
Parviz Mohammadzadeh Masood Mansouri Babak koohi leilanThe main objective of this study is to identify the factors affecting the prices of housing by the use of Spatial Econometrics approach in Tabriz. To achieve the end, four physical, environmental, availability and spatial factors will be considered. Indeed, by determini MoreThe main objective of this study is to identify the factors affecting the prices of housing by the use of Spatial Econometrics approach in Tabriz. To achieve the end, four physical, environmental, availability and spatial factors will be considered. Indeed, by determining the factors affecting the function of housing price based on a hedonic approach, spatial econometric can explain them in a spatial dependence frame. By using the cross-sectional data collected in 2010 from 757 families living in Tabriz prepared by Statistical Center of Iran, the software such as Geoda and GIS and Tabriz statistical maps, a model will be estimated for the effectiveness of home prices. The results indicate that there is a spatial dependence in the price of housing units in eight districts of the Tabriz city. The heating and cooling systems, exterior, structure type and the availability of street and security are the most effective elements in housing price. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - Effect of Price Changes in Main Commodity Groups on Rural Households Welfare Based on Linear Expenditure System
samad hekmati farid soleiman feizi nafiseh saadatThis paper is to evaluate the effect of price changes in 8 main commodity groups on rural households during 2001-2012. To estimate subsistence level, rural households' data issued by Iranian Statistics Center is used. In addition, by the the results of linear expenditur MoreThis paper is to evaluate the effect of price changes in 8 main commodity groups on rural households during 2001-2012. To estimate subsistence level, rural households' data issued by Iranian Statistics Center is used. In addition, by the the results of linear expenditure system, the price and income elasticities is calculated along with the compensation and equivalent variations of Iranian Rural households. The results represent that subsistence level for Rural households is 40637 thousand Rials in the year 2012. Furthermore, the compensation and equivalent variations calculated by of commodity groups indicate the increase of prices in each commodity group of subsistence level will decrease rural households welfare. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - The Effects of Mining Sector and Mining Industries Development on Government Revenue and Income of Households in Iran
davoud behboudi mohammad mehdi barghi oskoee Robab Mohammadi khaneghahiAbstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of an increase in the investment and productivity of the mining sector on government revenue and income of households in Iran. For this respect, a dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model and socia MoreAbstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of an increase in the investment and productivity of the mining sector on government revenue and income of households in Iran. For this respect, a dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model and social accounting matrix (SAM) for Iran for year 1390 is used. The results showed that increasing in mining sector investment and improving its total factor productivity positively affected government revenue and income of households in both urban and rural groups. The results also reveal that the development in the mining sector in Iran has the least effect on the income of rural households and the most effect on income of urban households. Based on the results, it is necessary for policymakers to adopt policies to increase investment and improve the total factor productivity of the mining sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - Investigation of a Fully-automated Manufacturing Environment Realized through a Flexible Logistic System
Jan-Hinrich Kämper Arne Stasch -
Open Access Article
252 - Design and Implementation of a Web-based Greenhouse Remote Monitoring System with Zigbee Protocol and GSM Network
Abdolhamid Tabatabaeifar Mohammad Ali Shafieian Hamed Banizaman Seyed Ali TorabIn modern and big greenhouses, it is necessary to measure several climate parameters to automate and control the greenhouse properly. Monitoring and transmitting by cable may lead to an expensive and stiff measurement system. Since, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a di MoreIn modern and big greenhouses, it is necessary to measure several climate parameters to automate and control the greenhouse properly. Monitoring and transmitting by cable may lead to an expensive and stiff measurement system. Since, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a distributed system that consists of small-size wireless sensor nodes equipped with radio and one or several sensors; it is a low cost option to build the required monitoring system. In this paper, we introduce and implement an intelligent monitoring system based on WSN by using Xbee modules. The Xbee Series 2 hardware uses a microchip from Ember Networks that enables several different flavors of standards-based ZigBee mesh networking. All gathered information by sensors, are sent to a remote center in form of GPRS packets through a GSM network and viewed by monitoring software. The proposed system has low power consumption, low cost and simple driver circuits. Furthermore, it can support various types of digital and analog sensors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - Investigating the Role of Tourism Development in Garden Houses in Reducing the Effects of the Urban Heat Island in Isfahan
Khadijeh salehi Amir GandomkarThe expansion of urbanization and the development of urban lands towards orchards and agricultural farms is one of the biggest problems of the country's major cities, and in recent years, this development, along with reduced water resources and a sharp increase in popul MoreThe expansion of urbanization and the development of urban lands towards orchards and agricultural farms is one of the biggest problems of the country's major cities, and in recent years, this development, along with reduced water resources and a sharp increase in population, has led to the development of urban heat and metropolitan heating. In this study, by examining the situation of the heat island of Isfahan and its surroundings, as well as changes in green spaces and gardens adjacent to the city of Isfahan, the relationship between these two variables was evaluated. The research method is descriptive and correlational and the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of tourism development of garden houses around the city of Isfahan and its role in reducing the effects of the heat island of Isfahan. The results of this study showed that in recent years the temperature of Isfahan and its surroundings has increased between 2.5 to 4 degrees Celsius and this increase has coincided with the development of Isfahan and the destruction of gardens around the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - English to Persian Translation of Compound Modifiers in the Press Articles from 2014 To 2017 Based on House’s TQA Model
Hossein Sokhandan Hossein Younesi Mojgan Rashtchi -
Open Access Article
255 - Situational prevention, with an environmental design approach, in reducing social housing theft (a case study of “Maskane Mehr” in Rasht)
Sayyed Ali Jabbar Golbaghi Masouleh Sasan MalekmotieiIn environmental construction, improper design creates the risk of crime. Prevention through "environmental design" reduces the opportunity for criminals to commit criminal acts. Due to the increase in the occurrence of thefts, it is necessary to comply as much as possi MoreIn environmental construction, improper design creates the risk of crime. Prevention through "environmental design" reduces the opportunity for criminals to commit criminal acts. Due to the increase in the occurrence of thefts, it is necessary to comply as much as possible with the rules of environmental design in the construction of social housing. In the following article, the factors of theft crime in Maskan Mehr in Rasht are investigated on a case-by-case basis. It is clear that its origin is the neglect of situational prevention. Matching and evaluating the design of Maskan Mehr in Rasht with environmental design components, it is determined that, in the internal and external environment of this project, things such as: territory, surveillance, access control and making it difficult to achieve criminal goals have not been observed. The lack of these components has had an important impact on the occurrence and frequency of theft. Therefore, their correct implementation in social housing projects, such as Maskan Mehr, is the way to prevent the crime of theft in these settlements and residential complexes. The implementation of environmental design rules, while improving the security factor, is a great help to reduce the exorbitant costs of providing security and pursuing criminals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Effect of washing and transportation of chicken carcasses at different temperatures from the west of Tehran to the supply site
Neda Hossein nezhad yazdi Hamed Ahari Afshin Akhondzadeh Pathogenic bacteria are responsible for a significant number of food poisoning in humans through infected Poultries. Our study was aimed to evaluate the effect of post-chilled washing process in a slaughterhouse and types of temperature dependent-transport vehicle More Pathogenic bacteria are responsible for a significant number of food poisoning in humans through infected Poultries. Our study was aimed to evaluate the effect of post-chilled washing process in a slaughterhouse and types of temperature dependent-transport vehicles on bacterial load of common food-borne pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli of chicken carcass. One hundred and eighty fresh chicken carcasses were randomly gathered from a commercial poultry processing plant in West of Tehran After sampling in slaughterhouse, the carcass samples were taken from 3 types of vehicles, pickup, cool isolated and cool-off isolated vehicles. The mean value of the total count of whole carcasses in pickup group reached the maximum (18.63×106 ±2.82×106) and showed greater value (p<0.05) than the standard value (5×106) CFU/gr while in cool-off isolated vehicle reached the minimum (0.65×106±0.048×106) lesser in comparison to the standard. it is concluded that chicken transport by un-cooled or unusual vehicles could prepared inappropriate condition cause to integrated growth the bacteria and resulted in transmission the food borne zoonotic pathogens to humans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Isolation of Campylobacter in different processing stage and presentation of poultry carcasses
amin irannejhad ebrahim rahimi majid gholamiahangaranCampylobacter is one of the main potentials for causing diarrhea and bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter in poultry carcasses during slaughtering process in Najaf abad-Isfahan slaughterhou MoreCampylobacter is one of the main potentials for causing diarrhea and bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter in poultry carcasses during slaughtering process in Najaf abad-Isfahan slaughterhouse. In summer 2014, 160 samples were collected from chicken carcasses from 5 chicken flock during 8 different stage of slaughtering and analyzed for detecting campylobacter spp. The results showed that 102 samples from 160 samples (%63.75) were positive for campylobacter. The prevalence of campylobacter in different stage were 19 of 20 (%95) in cloaca, 16 of 20 (%80) predefeathering, 12of 20 (%60) post defaethering, 12 of 20 (%60) post evisceration, 14 of 20 (%70) post chilling, 13 of 20 (%65) post packing, 10 of 20 (%50) post deboning and 6 of 20 (%30) post freezing. Also biochemical differentiation of the produced campylobacteria isolates showed that C.jejuni was frequently isolated (%90.2) than C.coli (%9.8). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - Oxidation of greenhouse gases, CH4 and CO, over LaMnxNi1-xO3±δ mixed oxide
Farhad Banisharif Mohammad Reza Dehghani Golshan Mazloom Yahya Hojatpanah -
Open Access Article
259 - Investigating the Role of Isfahan Historic Houses yards in Promoting Social Interactions
پژمان ناظری Maryam Ghasemi sichaniAbstract: In contemporary home architecture, the ability to be human is no longer the same as in the past. The environment seems to have no social interaction concerns in recent times. The study of Iranian architecture and urbanism suggests that In addition of The diffe MoreAbstract: In contemporary home architecture, the ability to be human is no longer the same as in the past. The environment seems to have no social interaction concerns in recent times. The study of Iranian architecture and urbanism suggests that In addition of The different roles of yards they play in homes in historic houses, the courtyard provided for social interaction. The question is, what were the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of spaces such as the courtyard of historic houses that could make this possible? The goal is to find out the reasons for the success of the historic home yard, from the residents' point of view. In this regard, while using the field theory research method, and conducting semi-structured interviews with people who have lived in these homes, it was concluded that such things as providing sensory beauty Climatic comfort, sense of freedom, sense of security, fitness, human connection, mobility, proximity, connection with nature and decoration are the most important reasons for this Success. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Investigating the Role of Isfahan Historic Houses yards in Promoting Social Interactions
Pejman Nazeri Maryam Ghasemi sichani Mohsen Afshari Narges KeshtiArayIn situations where, according to research, interactions among people are considered to be one of the most important human needs, this matter, for various reasons has been neglected and forgotten. Regardless of rationalizations such as cultural and economic reason MoreIn situations where, according to research, interactions among people are considered to be one of the most important human needs, this matter, for various reasons has been neglected and forgotten. Regardless of rationalizations such as cultural and economic reasons and so forth, the lack of spaces that have the ability to create such interactions seems to be certain. In the contemporary era, as compared to the past, houses no longer have spaces for social interaction. Meanwhile, a study of Iran's architecture and urban planning will indicate the making of social interactions in different spaces of historical houses. This research has specifically considered the courtyards of historical houses. Therefore, the basic question here is what were the intrinsic and external characteristics of spaces such as courtyards in historical houses that could provide such a capability? In this regard, the goal of this study is to find out the reasons for the success of the courtyards of historical houses in improving the level of social interaction from the perspective of the residents of these houses, because these people, due to their lived experience, can answer the question better than others. This research was done using systematic data-based theory. In this regard, conducting interviews and then analyzing the data led to the formation of a model that shows how, from the perspective of the residents, historical courtyards, with facilities for collective gathering such as flexible design and having environmental capabilities, could achieve such a capability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - The manifestation of the formation of historical Qajar houses based on social relations with a look at the biological context of the neighborhoods
Fateme Meisami Maryam Qasemi Mohsen Afshari Mortaza NouraeiThe living structure of historical neighborhoods is influenced by the complex social interactions among the residents of the neighborhood and their relationships with the surrounding neighborhoods.These relationships have hierarchies, which with their effect on the body MoreThe living structure of historical neighborhoods is influenced by the complex social interactions among the residents of the neighborhood and their relationships with the surrounding neighborhoods.These relationships have hierarchies, which with their effect on the body of the neighborhood cause the creation of certain centers in the neighborhood as places of social interactions in different strata of society, politically (prominent squares of the city), economically (four hundred bazaars), religiously (grand mosques). , educational (theological schools) and even cases of dispute resolution (Diwan Khanah and Vakalat Khanah). These centers were established in three macro scales and at the city level to the middle scale of the neighborhood such as the neighborhood center and the micro scale of passages and houses.This broad classification shows archetypes hidden in historical contexts in social interactions and social dynamics. Therefore, this research seeks to answer the question, "What are the symmetrical physical structures with social interactions on the scale of Hakim neighborhood and its passages and historical houses left during the Qajar era?". This broad classification shows archetypes hidden in historical contexts in social interactions and social dynamics. The analyzes performed based on the qualitative approach and interpretative-historical paradigm on the historical context of Hakim neighborhood show the existence of physical structures indicative of social interactions at different scales at the neighborhood and extra-neighborhood level. On a small scale (diwan khaneh and vakalat khaneh), on a medium scale (main passages), on a local scale (mosques, tekkehs, schools, bazaar and bazaarche) and on a trans-neighbourhood scale (big mosques of the city and main squares of the city). The structures of social interactions are visible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Recent Nutritional Advances to Mitigate Methane Emission in Cattle: A Review
A. Hadipour ا. محیط H. Darmani Kuhi F. Hashemzadeh -
Open Access Article
263 - Ruminant Livestock and Greenhouse‐Gases (A Nutritionist Perspective)
S.B. Abdu O.W. Ehoche A.M. Adamu M.R. Hassan S.M. Yashim H.Y. Adamu M. Kabir -
Open Access Article
264 - Dietary Supplementation of Enzymes: An Approach to Mitigate Ammonia Emission during Broiler Production
S. Sugiharto I. Agusetyaningsih E. Widiastuti H.I. Wahyuni T. Yudiarti T.A. Sartono -
Open Access Article
265 - Estimation of the Carbon Footprint in Dairy Sheep Farm
A. Ceyhan E. Akyol A. Ünalan S. Çınar W. Ali -
Open Access Article
266 - Feasibility Study of Using Photovoltaic Systems in Water and Wastewater Industry (Case Study: Tehran Water and Wastewater Company)
Ensieh Ozgoli Younes Noorollahi Reza Arjmandi Ali MohammadiSince water and wastewater companies are one of the significant energy consumers in urban industries, there is a substantial share to increase electricity demand and as a result, increasing the power plants load. The purpose of this study is to present a new evaluation MoreSince water and wastewater companies are one of the significant energy consumers in urban industries, there is a substantial share to increase electricity demand and as a result, increasing the power plants load. The purpose of this study is to present a new evaluation approach for using solar energy in the water and wastewater industry. Therefore, while consideration of the energy consumption in the six regions of Tehran Water and Wastewater Company, requirements for the installation and operation of photovoltaic systems in this company has been investigated. In the present study, the objective functions are energy consumption costs and greenhouse gas emissions; Also, solar energy potential, increasing population rate and water consumption are the most important independent variables and forecasted electricity consumption, carbon tax, and electricity sales price are also dependent variables. The results of this study, which can be based on using the regression model, show that the increase in electricity consumption and costs are 1.5 and 3 times in this period, respectively. To calculate the amount of greenhouse gas emissions, the three scenarios are implemented and compared with the replacement of 5, 20, and 30% of the company required electricity by photovoltaic systems. The reduction in CO2 emissions due to the production of 30% of electricity consumption with solar energy, amounted to 26,712 thousand tons. On the other hand, taxing more than $ 10 per ton of CO2 emissions changes the consumption pattern and reduces the cost of electricity consumption in this industry by $ 5,987,086. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - Optimization of petroleum condensate supply chain using mathematical modeling and simulation
Hamidreza Mahmoudi Morteza Bazrafshan Mohadeseh AhmadipourIn this research, a framework for optimizing the oil condensate supply chain is designed using mathematical programming and simulation. Based on this framework, investment and operating costs and greenhouse gas emissions for oil and gas transmission lines can be minimiz MoreIn this research, a framework for optimizing the oil condensate supply chain is designed using mathematical programming and simulation. Based on this framework, investment and operating costs and greenhouse gas emissions for oil and gas transmission lines can be minimized to meet pressure and transmission network needs. We can also minimize the production of pollutants in the related parts of the chain. By applying a real case study, all possible decisions are taken into account to consider the environmental aspects of the supply chain. Therefore, the structure and decisions of the supply chain are generally based on two objective functions, including the reduction of transportation and maintenance costs and pollution in treatment plants and distribution centers. The results showed that using the proposed model reduces costs by 31% and greenhouse gas emissions by 51%. There will also be an 8% increase in the capacity of fields and refineries and a 65% increase in exports. Using the results obtained from solving the model, it is possible to determine the share of each oil product in the total price and each part of the chain in the production of greenhouse gases. According to the results, oil is the most expensive and oils are the least expensive. In addition, refineries have the most impact and storage tanks have the least impact on environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Intelligibility evaluation of houses in Dezful city in Qajar and Pahlavi periods using UCL Depthmap software
naser ghaneifar Hasan Rezaei vahid ahmadiWhat is identified in the attitude toward the house is the visual and perceptual structure that is formed for the audience. Intending to evaluate the level of visual clarity in Dezful houses during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, this article tries to analyze the course MoreWhat is identified in the attitude toward the house is the visual and perceptual structure that is formed for the audience. Intending to evaluate the level of visual clarity in Dezful houses during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, this article tries to analyze the course of its developments and answers the question of What was the evolution of visual clarity in Dezful houses during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods? The present research was conducted using a combined method, based on the quantitative data obtained from the Depthmap software and the analysis of these data using the method of logical reasoning. The case samples included 20 houses, which were selected purposefully, considering the lack of physical interventions, from among the houses of Dezful in the Qajar and Pahlavi periods. The results of the research show that the houses of the Pahlavi period have a higher level of Connectivity compared to the Qajar period. Also, in the Qajar period, houses with one yard are more integrated than houses with two and three yards, and according to this, the houses of the Pahlavi period are considered more integrated than the houses of the Qajar period. The results of the research on visual clarity indicate that this criterion has a lower level in the Qajar period than in the Pahlavi period Therefore, by passing from the Qajar period to the Pahlavi period, the amount of Intelligibility in the houses has increased, and it has made the houses of the Pahlavi period more legible and more visually clear than the Qajar houses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Evaluation of traits and protein changes of Fornax cultivar of canola under salt stress treatment
Mohammad Reza Naghavi Abolfazl Tavassoli Marouf Khalili Fatemeh Rastegaripour -
Open Access Article
270 - Investigating the contamination level of sarcocyst protozoa in the industrial Slaughterhouse of Shuoshtar city by digestion method
Behnam Pedram Soroush Hasanpour Amirabadi Yasin Tahmasebi Chagani Arash Zarei Zahra SalehiSarcocystis has 130 heteroxenous species, with different cycles and morbidity. The pathogenic species of Sarcocystis for humans are Sarcocystis hominis and Sarcocystis suihominis, in which humans are the definitive host and cattle and pigs are the intermediate hosts. Sa MoreSarcocystis has 130 heteroxenous species, with different cycles and morbidity. The pathogenic species of Sarcocystis for humans are Sarcocystis hominis and Sarcocystis suihominis, in which humans are the definitive host and cattle and pigs are the intermediate hosts. Sarcocystis is a common disease between humans and animals that can be important in terms of health and economy.The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of Sarcocystis protozoan contamination in the industrial slaughterhouse of Shushtar city using the digestion method.In this study, 20 carcass samples were examined randomly and during a period of 2 months, and then, in order to take muscle samples from organs of the esophagus, diaphragm, heart, thigh, and arm were separated with tweezers, pans, and a sterile scalpel.And we labeled the livestock information on the sample and finally, we transferred the samples to the laboratory in a sterile container next to the ice and checked whether they were positive or negative for the sarcocyst parasite in the laboratory with the digestion method.The results showed the highest percentage of sarcocyst detection using a method that can confirm, and also the sensitivity and speed of sarcocyst detection with a higher level digestion method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Economic and social consequences of the construction of freeways in rural settlements (Case Study: district eastern Miankuh)
M. toulabi nejad A.A. anabestani l. solgiEconomic and social development of rural settlements is absolutely contingent on basic services, especially transport infrastructure and services. Development of rural settlements as well as the development of different economic sectors, social and industry. So in this MoreEconomic and social development of rural settlements is absolutely contingent on basic services, especially transport infrastructure and services. Development of rural settlements as well as the development of different economic sectors, social and industry. So in this article using library and field (questionnaire) to examine the economic and social effects of transport Highways Khorramabad- Paul Zal district in rural areas in the eastern valley has been Poldokhtar city. The construction of the highway from 1384 to over 104 at the junction of two Khorramabad and Andimeshk had begun on 11 Persian dates Aban 1389 and officially came into operation. The statistical population included rural families eastern in Miyankoh (N= 514), 103 households using the Cochrane formula (12 villages) were selected as the sample. For single-sample t-test data analysis, Friedman test, linear regression, and path analysis were used. The results of-of the analysis of the data indicates a freeway positive impact on economic and social indicators in the study area So that increases the income of rural households, Increase household access to markets for agricultural products, The rising cost of agricultural land, Increasing access to health, education, and quality of life in rural areas is studied. Therefore, we can say that one of the most important and best practices for the development of rural settlements, Increased investment in infrastructure and transport in the regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - Investigating the Social Consequences of Tourism Development in Second Houses (Case Study: Ziarat Village)
Zahra Sharifinia Ali Reza EstelajiGrowing and expanding tourism in today's fashion is one of the important phenomena of the late 20th century. Improving public transportation and the ownership of more private vehicles allowed people to buy second houses instead of healthy non-urban recreation and person MoreGrowing and expanding tourism in today's fashion is one of the important phenomena of the late 20th century. Improving public transportation and the ownership of more private vehicles allowed people to buy second houses instead of healthy non-urban recreation and personal investment in property purchases. Ziarat Village is considered by the townspeople and tourists of the second houses due to the cool climate, unique landscape, beautiful forests, tourist destinations and low distance to Gorgan since the early 2000's. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between tourism of the second houses and its social consequences in the development of the village of Ziarat. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey and correlation method. Library and field run methodology. The Statistic community of the study is residents of the village of Ziarat, and the sample size is 384 people. The results of the research showed that there is no relationship between increasing social interaction and social mobility preventing emigrants from villages and reviving indigenous knowledge of rural forgotten and developing tourism, in other indicators here is a relationship between the development of tourism in the second houses and its social consequences through village. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - An Investigation of Tourism Impact on Urban and Rural Land Use Pattern Changes (A Case Study: Kelardasht County)
Naser Aligholizadeh Firoozjaie Mostafa Ghadami Mahmood Gharibi jooybariThe objective of this research is to analyze the role of tourism on land use changes in rural and urban area in Klardasht township. . The method of this research is descriptive and analytical based on survey. The data of this research is collected from field observation MoreThe objective of this research is to analyze the role of tourism on land use changes in rural and urban area in Klardasht township. . The method of this research is descriptive and analytical based on survey. The data of this research is collected from field observation, interview and satellite images.in order to create land cover map and change detection, satellite images for the years 1987, 2000, 2010 and 2015 were used. The process of analysis of satellite images such as making raster layer was carried out with Erdas 2014 software. Then Thematic Maps were produced through ArcGis 10.4 software. The main and important factor of driving force and pressure in land use change in this area was uncontrolled tourism development. Findings of field observation, interview and satellite images show the huge part of land use of forest, orchard and farm in the study area have changed and converted to built area during years 1987 to 2015. In such a way that with respect to demand in land purchasing and building of second homes and development of facilities and services related to tourism considering lack of efficient management and serious shortcomings in executing rules and regulations, tourism development had great roles in such changes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - The Role of Environment and Livelihoods in the formation of Vernacular Houses in the Area of Talesh.
Mohammad Mohammadzadeh Dogaheh Hossein Soltanzadeh Javad Shekari Nayerri Teimour AmarThe study of the role of the environment and habitat in the formation of vernacular houses in Talesh is the subject of this research. The importance of this issue is because that there is not still enough research on the architecture of this area. The aim of this study MoreThe study of the role of the environment and habitat in the formation of vernacular houses in Talesh is the subject of this research. The importance of this issue is because that there is not still enough research on the architecture of this area. The aim of this study is to understand how the environment and livelihood affect the architecture of houses. the main question of this research is that what is the role of environmental factors and the type of livelihood in the formation of houses in this region? Research method is descriptive and analytical and the data collection has been done in the form of field and documentary.The direct variables are the environment and livelihood and the architecture of vernacular houses is the dependent variable in the research. The statistical population is Talesh area and the sampling method is quota. The results of the research shows that the number of service spaces outside the building in foothills are more than the plain and the mountainous but the extent and the space of the area in the plain houses are higher than the foothills and mountains. The average floor area of the ground floor in the total area in the plain area is more than foothills and mountains but the average area of the porch and first floor spaces in the plain is more than the foothills and mountains and the average space of livestock spaces and warehouses in the mountains are more than the plains and foothills, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Explaining the effects of event-based tourism on functional metamorphosis of urban infants in Iran (Case study: Ritual tourism of Armaghankhaneh city of Zanjan)
Mohammad T aghi Heidari mohammad rasoli parvin rahmati Sharareh SaeedpourRituals in a city are magnetic, And they can be effective in conversion, alliance, and bonding, and by articulating components, they increase mobility, bargaining, and overall alliance power. Through the ritual propellants of the city, instead of being a silent, undefin MoreRituals in a city are magnetic, And they can be effective in conversion, alliance, and bonding, and by articulating components, they increase mobility, bargaining, and overall alliance power. Through the ritual propellants of the city, instead of being a silent, undefined and unknown being, It becomes something that is made of many more parts and many more joints.. In this context, the present article tries to explain the effects of ritual tourism in Armaghankhaneh and its effects on the metamorphosis of the city. The present article is descriptive-analytical and the information required for the research has been collected through library and survey methods. In this framework, to analyze the model mental software to examine the effects, SPSS is used to express the indicators of centrifuge, dispersion, kmo and Bartlett test, and finally smart pls software to express the level of significance. The performance of the indicators is exploited. The results of the present study show a 66% effect of religious tourism in the transformation of Armaghankhaneh. In this context, religious tourism has been most effective in investing in various public-private institutions, improving job opportunities, improving urban attractiveness, favorable tourism image, improving urban services and infrastructure, and defining a new urban identity.The present article is descriptive-analytical and the information required for the research has been collected through library and survey methods. In this framework, to analyze the model mental software to examine the effects, SPSS is used to express the indicators of centrifuge, dispersion, kmo and Bartlett test, and finally smart pls software to express the level of significance. The performance of the indicators is exploited. The results of the present study show a 66% effect of religious tourism in the transformation of Armaghankhaneh. In this context, religious tourism has been most effective in investing in various public-private institutions, improving job opportunities, improving urban attractiveness, favorable tourism image, improving urban services and infrastructure, and defining a new urban identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - An analysis in half-opened spaces in residential vernacular architecture of Rasht to use natural ventilation
Shadi Ziaee Mahnaz Mahmoudi zarandiIn this research, a part of Rasht’s residential vernacular architecture has been analysed to use natural ventilation against the high humidity. The solutions to confront with this humidity is important because of rasht’s high humidity in most months of year. MoreIn this research, a part of Rasht’s residential vernacular architecture has been analysed to use natural ventilation against the high humidity. The solutions to confront with this humidity is important because of rasht’s high humidity in most months of year. Half-opened spaces have very important role to reduce humidity. so it is necessary to anderstand the best type of these spaces to use more natural ventilation. Research methodology is descriptive- analytic and information was gathered throw documents and observation. This information was analysed with software. In this regard Rasht’s climate information in different months of year had been analysed with software, different forms of half-opened spaces were sorted, characters of vernacular architecture in Rasht’s old house were gathered and the role of half-opened spaces to use natural ventilation was analysed. The sample of wind flow and natural ventilation in two old houses of Rasht was analysed with Fluent software and the best sample was suggested. The results shows that Eyvans as half-opened spaces have an important role to reduce humidity and use natural ventilation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - A Genealogical Look at the Concept of Nature and the Manifestation of its Presence in the Architecture of Iranian Houses
Qader Bayzidi kianoush farajiIntroduction Living spaces and in their context “houses”, have been one of the lasting needs created by human beings in every society. Despite of many years passing from their construction and living in them, they are still evidently, memorable and decent in MoreIntroduction Living spaces and in their context “houses”, have been one of the lasting needs created by human beings in every society. Despite of many years passing from their construction and living in them, they are still evidently, memorable and decent in all their dimensions. These spaces are the most noble, beautiful and tangible property of architecture as well as serve comfort the users, represent identity and fulfill owners dream, hopes in the best possible ways. The nature and concepts derived from it are important components and as a meaningful factor. The main purpose is to identify influential factors in Foucault’s genealogy and their role in the creation of divers’ concepts of nature and how they are present in the architecture of Iranian houses. Methodology The research method is Foucault’s genealogy and semiotic method were used for data analysis. Geographical area of research In this research, significant houses and settlements in the architecture of different periods of Iranian history - from antiquity to the second Pahlavi period - have been studied. Results and discussion The result of the study shows that the meanings of nature are not limited to the primary, secondary and abstract appearance of nature in the form and structure of houses; Rather, these concepts have created an identity and a mentality linked to power in the framework of specific discourses and in accordance with the conditions of society in each historical period. Conclusion The physical, functional and content presence of nature, in addition to recalling the past through explicit and implicit meanings, under the influence of developments in each historical period has led to the production of new knowledge and meanings in the field of industry, art and architecture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - The evolution of historical houses of Tabriz metropolis from the perspective of Visual Perception (case example of houses in Qajar period of Tabriz)
Fatemeh Mohammadiyan ali azar asadolah shafizadeIntroduction:.The Qajar period houses of Tabriz are considered to be the most beautiful historical houses of Tabriz. The aesthetics of these houses is not only formal and outward, but a mass of semantic and functional aesthetics is hidden behind the appearance of these MoreIntroduction:.The Qajar period houses of Tabriz are considered to be the most beautiful historical houses of Tabriz. The aesthetics of these houses is not only formal and outward, but a mass of semantic and functional aesthetics is hidden behind the appearance of these houses. Research aim: Explanation and investigation of the influential components in the functional aesthetics of the historical houses of Tabriz in the Qajar periodMethodology: Descriptive-analytical method with qualitative method using interviews was used. In this research, there are two types of statistical population. 1- The houses of the Qajar period of Tabriz, which have been selected from among the 14 famous Qajar houses of Tabriz. 1- There are 135 professors and experts in the field of architecture and historical heritage of Tabriz, of which 16 were randomly selected. To analyze the house in relation to the aesthetics of the interpretive-historical method, and to interview in a semi-structured way with experts from the professors and experts of Tabriz in the fields related to the architecture of this house, the interviews were conducted using audio recorders. The voice of the respondents was coded using the "MaxQodia" qualitative data analysis software with the help of a computer.Studied Areas: The area under study is the city of TabrizResult: It is concluded that the aesthetic factors have been manifested in the context of the body and the function of harmony with local custom and culture, local materials and attention to the needs of all family members and flexibility, and the evolution of the historical houses of Tabriz in the direction of aesthetics (functional, functional) ) Is.Conclusion: The findings of the research showed that the aesthetics of Qajar houses is manifested in a functional, physical, formal, structural and functional-social way and in the relationship with nature. The most important manifestations of this period appear in the form of three styles and periods of purely performance (without paying attention to aesthetics), imitative aesthetics and aesthetics along with functional aesthetics Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - The Role of Traditional Houses in Mountainous and Hilly Villages in Rural Sustainable Development in Western Mazandaran (Tonekabon - Ramsar)
nasrollah molaeihashjin masoomeh hosseinnejadIntroduction With regard to the increasing facilities of life such as land, sea, and air transportation vehicles, and an increase in people’s free time, income, and age, people, today, like to spend their time on touring and traveling more than any time in MoreIntroduction With regard to the increasing facilities of life such as land, sea, and air transportation vehicles, and an increase in people’s free time, income, and age, people, today, like to spend their time on touring and traveling more than any time in the past. Villages in Northern Iran were a destination for travelers. Rural houses are important elements of developing rural tourism. The main objective of present research is to study and investigate on mountainous and hilly villages located in Western Mazandaran because traditional houses enjoy an exclusively architectural buildings derived from villagers’ traditions and cultures followed by naturalistic characteristics of the region in question. Methodology Regarding the main question, “What is the role of traditional houses in mountainous and hilly villages, as important elements of villages’ economic survival and cultural identity, in rural sustainable development in Western Mazandaran?” and the subjects and objectives of the research, the following hypotheses were proposed: -Rural tourism activities can promote villagers’ economy as a supplementary income. *Corresponding Author: nmolaeih@iaurasht.ac.ir -Using natural attractions and with various uses, traditional houses in mountainous and hilly villages can be influential in attracting tourists and developing tourism in the region in question. -Tourism can decrease the rate of migration and stabilize population in the regions in question. -Creating a tourism village can develop rural tourism in addition to preserving the traditional identity and culture of villages in the regions in question. Descriptive-analytic method has been utilized in this research along with documentary, library and field studies. Tools such as tables, pictures, interviews, and questionnaires have also been utilized. The data collected are analyzed and concluded by test and SPSS software. Findings and discussions The area of question in this research is located in Western Mazandaran. This region is from 50 degrees and 35 minutes to 50 degrees and 45 minutes of eastern longitudes and from 36 degrees and 30 minutes to 36 degrees and 40 minutes of northern latitudes that includes the cities of Ramsar and Tonekabon. The subject population of the study consists of families living in mountainous and hilly villages of Ramsar and Tonekabon, tourists, managers, and experts of organizations and institutions related to villages of the region. 20 villages (6 hilly and 14 mountainous) out of total 274 villages in the region were randomly chosen as sample population. Out of 1478 families in 20 villages, 307 families were chosen. Since there is no clear-cut figure of tourists, 384 samples were selected using Chokran formula and Morgan Table. Finally, Due to the limited number of managers and experts, all of them were chosen. -The number of houses in the villages under study was 304. 89, 105, and 110 houses had 29 percent of Darvarchin, 35 percent of Zigameh, and 36 percent of new building materials, respectively. Thus, 64 percent of total houses in the study region was traditional. -One of the basic differences between local and new houses lies in their function regarding their pattern change, reduction of areas under construction, change in village tissue, etc. The most important developments made in housing and the function changes followed by them include the type and pattern of houses, building materials, change in the size and cost of building houses. Results -Studies and tests carried out on the variables among villagers and authorities all indicate that regarding the traditional economy of living in the region under study, tourism activities can act as a complementary source of income and promote economic abilities of villagers. Tourism has been able to activate other economic parts that resulted in job creation and economic development. -Studies reveal that since tourists are strange people that travel to villages based on their curiosity to see natural landscapes and know the customs and traditions of the regions, rural social values, cultural and folkloric elements can affect the attraction of tourists. With regard to the functional quality and meeting the human needs, rural houses have been able to make tourists choose them for stays instead of other places such as hostels, inns, tents, etc. -Survey conducted indicate that increase in the income resulted from selling land, controlled building constructions, house renting, and providing tourists with services and facilities have caused the villagers to buy house in cities and consider their village houses as the second dwelling places. -Traditional houses, their method of architecture besides natural attractions and landscapes have gained tourists attentions. A lot number of tourists prefer traditional and new houses to hotels and inns for stays in villages. Therefore, creation of tourism village can cause rural tourism in addition to the preservation of traditional culture. -Establishing an ecomusium ( tourism village) as a suitable place for introducing culture and preserving cultural values of villages of the region, participation of executive institutions in expanding tourism industry, creation of daily and weekly markets for villagers’ handicrafts and other rural products, revival and development of infrastructures and installations of tourism industry , educating village managers and planners, and attending to rural industry, and principles of environmentally sustainable development to reduce environmental crisis are among the strategies to achieve sustainable development of rural tourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - The Role of house Loan in Rural Settlement housis resist of Guilan province
مجید یاسوری سیده فاطمه امامیOne of the most important rural development requirements is rural house. Establishing rural resist house and supply house proportional to villagers’ requirement often has been different plans important element. In recent years, government through house loan has su MoreOne of the most important rural development requirements is rural house. Establishing rural resist house and supply house proportional to villagers’ requirement often has been different plans important element. In recent years, government through house loan has supported rural house renew and resist making. The present study main aim is to study house loan role on rural houses resist making. This study was conducted in the Gilan province. Regarding to collected data from the county, 26% rural families (77710 families) could use house loan to make resist houses. Among these, Talesh in 13% has had the most share of house Loan while this city share of unresist house is 7/7%. Rasht in 35% has used lower than one percent house loan. Also Soumae Sara in 6% unresist house, has had 13% Loan share. The research results indicate that in the last decade, house loan has an effective role on county rural areas house resist making, but house Loan distribution is not proportional to rural house resist making requirement and validities has not been suitable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Locating The Best Suitable Lands for Housing in Satellite City (Case study: Maryanaj city in Hamedan province)
محمد رحمانی فیروزه شاپوریThe land as a non-repeatable wealth in the city is one of the main topics for urban managers and planners and in this situation the house has an important role for citizens because it is a fundamental need for them in different dimension. Therefore land supply and locat MoreThe land as a non-repeatable wealth in the city is one of the main topics for urban managers and planners and in this situation the house has an important role for citizens because it is a fundamental need for them in different dimension. Therefore land supply and location of house development territory is a fundamental essential of a city in a long time plan. In this study the researcher has applied to investigate Saleh Abad as one of the satellite cities of Hamedan by a square investigations via observation the extant talented territory and acquisition the documentary information in relation to house needs in a 24 year plan, and with determine the suitable criteria in house territory choose by the use of Topsis as one of the multi criteria methods, in location of house development territory, addition to the introduction place, area and needed pieces it has determined the house development territory land of this city by attention to different factors. More ever, the result of this study shows that physical development path has no tendency to middle structure and has more tendencies to east and main road. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - ارزیابی بیماری زایی عوامل قارچی مرتبط با بیماری های سوزنی برگان خانواده Cupressaceae در شرایط گلخانه ای
محمد رضا صفری مطلق فاطمه رمضانی راد گیاهان سوزنی برگ که زیبایی را در سطح پارک­ها و فضای سبز به ارمغان می­آورند به­وسیله­ی عوامل بیماری­زای گوناگون، به­ویژه قارچ­ها مورد حمله قرار می­گیرند. در این تحقیق در طی زمستان و بهار سال­های 91-92 از سوزنی­بر More گیاهان سوزنی برگ که زیبایی را در سطح پارک­ها و فضای سبز به ارمغان می­آورند به­وسیله­ی عوامل بیماری­زای گوناگون، به­ویژه قارچ­ها مورد حمله قرار می­گیرند. در این تحقیق در طی زمستان و بهار سال­های 91-92 از سوزنی­برگان دارای علائم بیماری موجود در سطح پارک­ها و فضای سبز شهر رشت، نمونه­برداری انجام شد. نمونه­ها پس از جمع­آوری، به منظور جداسازی و بررسی قارچ­های بیمارگر به آزمایشگاه منتقل گردید. سپس به منظور جداسازی پاتوژن­های قارچی، قطعاتی از بافت­های آلوده روی محیط کشت PDA قرار گرفته و در مراحل بعدی در محیط­های کشت WA، PCA و SNA مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. در مجموع 5۸ جدایه­ی قارچی جداسازی و برای شناسایی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. برای این منظور از خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی قارچ­ها هم­چون رنگ و شکل کلنی، رنگ و ابعاد کنیدی و کنیدیوفور استفاده گردید. بر اساس این مطالعات، قارچ­ها متعلق بودند به: Alternaria franseriae،Alternaria tenuissima،Curvularia pallescens، sambucinumFusariumوPestalotia sp.. آن­گاه آزمایش بیماری­زایی این جدایه­های مختلف قارچی روی گیاهان شبه سرولاوسون، شبه سرولاوسون طلایی، تویا، جونی­پروس رونده، جونی­پروس چینی و سرو نقره­ای انجام گرفت و برای این منظور سوسپانسیون اسپوری از قارچ­های بدست آمده از آزمایش با غلظت ۱۰۴ × 5 اسپور در میلی لیتر آب مقطر استریل تهیه و آن­گاه مایه زنی روی گیاهان مورد آزمایش انجام شد و ارزیابی نهایی پس از 10 روز انجام گرفت و در نهایت شدت بیماری تعیین گردید. در نتایج به­دست آمده مشخص گردید که A. franseriae در میزبان شبه سرولاوسون، A. tenuissima در میزبان شبه سرولاوسون طلایی،C. pallescens در میزبان­های شبه سرولاوسون و جونی پروس­چینی،sambicinum F. در میزبان جونی­پروس­­­­­­رونده و Pestalotia sp. در میزبان­های سرو نقره­ای و شبه سرولاوسون طلایی بیماری­زا بوده­اند. بیشترین شدت بیماری را A. franseriae روی گیاه شبه سرولاوسون و کمترین شدت بیماری را Pestalotia sp. روی گیاه شبه سرولاوسون طلایی نشان داد. از میان گیاهان شبه سرولاوسون، شبه سرولاوسون طلایی، تویا، جونی­پروس چینی، جونی­پروس رونده و سرو نقره­ای، گیاه شبه سرولاوسون کم­ترین میزان مقاومت در مقابل بیماری و گیاه شبه سرولاوسون طلایی بیشترین میزان مقاومت در مقابل بیماری را نشان داد. بر اساس جدول تجزیه واریانس اختلاف معنی­داری در شدت بیماری قارچ­های مورد مطالعه در میزبان­های مختلف مشاهده شد. ظهور Alternaria franseriae، Alternaria tenuissima، Curvularia pallescens بر روی سوزنی ­برگان برای اولین بار از ایران گزارش شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - ارزیابی شاخصهای مدیریتی در گلخانه تولید گلهای زینتی
یوسف روحی جعفر عزیزیکشت­های گلخانه­ای با توجه به فراهم نمودن شرایط مصنوعی تولید و با خنثی کردن متغیرهای محیطی اهمیت ویژه­ ای در پیشبرد فرآیند توسعه کشاورزی دارند .بدیهی است برنامه­ریزی مناسب در جهت توسعه این نظام تولیدی با توجه به شرایط ویژه آن، نیازمند شناخت متغیرها اثرگذا Moreکشت­های گلخانه­ای با توجه به فراهم نمودن شرایط مصنوعی تولید و با خنثی کردن متغیرهای محیطی اهمیت ویژه­ ای در پیشبرد فرآیند توسعه کشاورزی دارند .بدیهی است برنامه­ریزی مناسب در جهت توسعه این نظام تولیدی با توجه به شرایط ویژه آن، نیازمند شناخت متغیرها اثرگذار و محدودکننده است. براین اساس تحقیق حاضر در سال ۱۳۹۷ با هدف کلی ارزیابی شاخص­های مدیریتی واحدهای گلخانه­ای گل­های زینتی در استان گیلان انجام شده است. این مطالعه از نوع کاربردی است که به روش پیمایشی و با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه برای گردآوری داده­ها استفاده شده است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل۱۰۷ واحد گلخانه­ای منتخب که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و به روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی ساده ۸۴ نمونه انتخاب شده­اند. در راستای بررسی و ارزیابی داده­های آماری از روش­های میانگین، انحراف استاندارد، روش رگرسیون خطی، آزمون کولموگروف اسمیرونف و آزمون t تک نمونه­ای در نرم افزار SPSS.21 استفاده شده است. نتایج بدست آمده از آزمون فرضیه ­ها که با استفاده از آزمون t تک نمونه­ای صورت گرفت، نشان داد که بین دانش مهارتی افراد و مدیریت بهینه واحدهای گلخانه­های منتخب رابطه مثبت و معنی­دار وجود دارد. همچنین بین نگرش افراد نسبت به توسعه پایدار و مدیریت بهینه واحدهای گلخانه­های منتخب و نیز بین شاخص­های فنی و حرفه­ای مدیران و عملکرد مطلوب واحدهای گلخانه­های منتخب، رابطه مثبت معنی­داری وجود دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - جدول زیستی کنه شکارگر Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) روی Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) ، Carpoglyphus lactis Linnaeus (Acari: Carpoglyphidae) و Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
اصغر حسینی نیا محمد خانجانی مهدیه اسدی جلال سلطانیکنه شکارگر Amblyseius swirskiiیکی از رایج­ترین عوامل کنترل بیولوژیک روی کنه­های مختلف، حشرات آفت از جمله کنه تارتن دونقطه­ای و سفید بالک می­باشد. برای ارزیابی نقش بالقوه این عامل کنترل بیولوژیک، در این مطالعه جدول زیستی کنه A. swirskii روی تخم­ Moreکنه شکارگر Amblyseius swirskiiیکی از رایج­ترین عوامل کنترل بیولوژیک روی کنه­های مختلف، حشرات آفت از جمله کنه تارتن دونقطه­ای و سفید بالک می­باشد. برای ارزیابی نقش بالقوه این عامل کنترل بیولوژیک، در این مطالعه جدول زیستی کنه A. swirskii روی تخم­های کنه T. urticae ، کنه C. lactisو سفید بالک گلخانه T. vaporariorum در شرایط آزمایشگاهی (25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 5% RH and 16 L: 8D) بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد این کنه شکارگر قادر به تغذیه و تکمیل کردن رشد و نمو خود روی سه گونه یاد شده می­باشد. این شکارگر دارای ظرفیت بالای رشد جمعیت خود هنگام تغذیه از کنه تارتن و کنه میوه خشک می­باشد. بنابراین اثر کنترلی روی این آفات در باغ و گلخانه وجود دارد. در تغذیه از سفید بالک T. vaporariorum از آن دو گونه دیگر دارای رشد و نموضعیف­تری­ است و به­طور معنی­داری زمان قبل از تخم­گذاری و مدت زمان طول یک نسل آن افزایش و دوره تخم­گذاری و زادآوری آن کاهش یافت. به­علاوه پارامترهای جدول زندگیاین شکارگرازجمله r، λ وR0 هنگام تغذیه از تخم سفید­بالک به­طور معنی­داری کاهش یافت. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که کنه شکارگر دارای توانایی بالایی به­عنوان یک عامل کنترل بیولوژیکی موثر برای T. urticae ، C. lactis و تاثیر قابل­توجهی در کنترل بیولوژیک T. vaporariorum نیز دارا می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - تاثیر سایبان های توری رنگی بر تغذیه و رشد گیاه دیفن باخیا Dieffenbachia amoena رقم "استارلایت"
علی محبوب خمامی محمد نقی پاداشت مرضیه علی دوست طاهره رادفر رضا علی پوربرای کنترل نور خورشید در هوای آزاد و گلخانه ها در ایران، شبکه های سایه بان ضروری است. استفاده از توری های سایه بان می تواند دمای هوا را در منطقه تحت پوشش کاهش دهد. نشان داده شده است که انتخاب تورهای سایه با رنگ مناسب نقش مهمی در رشد گیاهان زینتی در شرایط مشابه دارد. به Moreبرای کنترل نور خورشید در هوای آزاد و گلخانه ها در ایران، شبکه های سایه بان ضروری است. استفاده از توری های سایه بان می تواند دمای هوا را در منطقه تحت پوشش کاهش دهد. نشان داده شده است که انتخاب تورهای سایه با رنگ مناسب نقش مهمی در رشد گیاهان زینتی در شرایط مشابه دارد. به منظور دستیابی به این هدف، آزمایشی برای بررسی تأثیر توری سایهدار در سایههای آبی، سفید و سبز (در سطح سایه 50 درصد) بر رشد گیاهان شاخ و برگ زینتی Dieffenbachia amoena انجام شد. طرح پایه آزمایش شامل بلوک های کامل تصادفی بود. در طول دوره رشد اقتصادی پنج ماهه در شرایط گلخانه، ارتفاع بوته، قطر و شاخص کلروفیل هر دو هفته یکبار اندازهگیری شد. در پایان رشد، وزن تر و خشک برگ، وزن تر و خشک ساقه، شاخص رشد گیاه و عناصر غذایی برگ اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که دیفنباخیا که در زیر شبکههای سایه آبی رشد میکند دارای ارتفاع، شاخص رشد، وزن خشک ریشه و آهن بالاتری نسبت به آنهایی است که در زیر شبکههای سایهدار سفید و سبز رشد میکنند. از آنجایی که اکثر گلخانه های ایرانی این گیاه زینتی را زیر توری های سایه سبز تولید می کنند و با توجه به اینکه این دو توری رنگی دارای قیمت های مشابهی هستند، توصیه می شود دیفن باخیا تحت شبکه های سایه آبی تولید شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - امکان جایگزینی کوکوپیت با بستر خرما درکشت بدون خاک لیلیوم
سجاد حیدری سید نجم الدین مرتضوی سعید ریزی علی نیک بختکیفیت و کمیت گلهای شاخه بریده لیلیوم تولید شده غالبا به اجزای بستر رشد بستگی دارد. جهت ارزیابی تأثیر دو منبع بستر پالمپیت (تنه خرما: آماده شده از تنه درخت خرما⸵ درخت خرما: آماده شده از تمام قسمتهای درخت خرما) بر ویژگیهای رشد گیاهی مربوط به گل شاخه بریده لیلیوم، یک آ Moreکیفیت و کمیت گلهای شاخه بریده لیلیوم تولید شده غالبا به اجزای بستر رشد بستگی دارد. جهت ارزیابی تأثیر دو منبع بستر پالمپیت (تنه خرما: آماده شده از تنه درخت خرما⸵ درخت خرما: آماده شده از تمام قسمتهای درخت خرما) بر ویژگیهای رشد گیاهی مربوط به گل شاخه بریده لیلیوم، یک آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار برنامه ریزی گردید. در تحقیق حاضر، تأثیر یازده بستر رشد ریشه شامل مخلوطی از پالمپیت، کوکوپیت و پرلیت بر روی دو رقم (Tiber و Candy Club) تحت شرایط هیدروپونیک ارزیابی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که قطر ساقه، زمان ظهور گل، طول غنچه، ویژگیهای محتواب آب نسبی برگ، نشت یونی برگ و گلبرگ، کیفیت بصری غنچه و شاخص کیفیت در رقم Candy Club بالاتر بود اما، ویژگیهای SPAD1 و قطر غنچه در رقم Tiber بیشتر بود. بالاترین میزان کلروفیل شa، b و کل، SPAD1، SPAD3، قطر ساقه، قطر غنچه و شاخص کیفیت در تیمار شاهد (80% کوکوپیت + 20% پرلیت) مشاهده شد، که تفاوت معنیداری با برخی از تیمارهای بستر رشد تنه خرما و کوکوپیت مصرف شده ندارد. مقدار بالاتری از محتوای آب نسبی برگ، طول غنچه و کارتنوئید در تیمار 20% تنه خرما مشاهده گردید درحالیکه، ماندگاری گل، در تیمار 60% درخت خرما بیشتر بود. تیمار 80% کوکوپیت مصرف شده بالاترین تعداد پیازچه، SPAD2 و زمان برداشت را نشان داد. کمترین میزان نشت یونی برگ، زمان برداشت و زمان ظهور گل در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. ارقام مختلف بهطور متفاوتی به بستر رشد پاسخ دادند و تنه خرما و کوکوپیت مصرف شده میتوانند جایگزین بخشی، یا کل کوکوپیت گرانقیمت وارداتی شوند. بسترهای تنه خرما برتر از بسترهای درخت خرما بودند، اما بستر شاهد برتری کمی نسبت به بسترهای تنه خرما داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Study of Genetic Diversity among Philodendron Varieties by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers
Achar Devaraja AM Jakhar Mamta Jakeer P Shetty KPVIn the present study, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity in 20 varieties of Philodendron. The polymerase chain reaction was performed with 60 RAPD primers, out of which 21 primers showed clear amplification as we MoreIn the present study, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity in 20 varieties of Philodendron. The polymerase chain reaction was performed with 60 RAPD primers, out of which 21 primers showed clear amplification as well as more polymorphism. In total, 354 scorable RAPD loci with 348 polymorphic bands (98%) were observed. Percentages of polymorphic bands ranged from 80% to 100%. Amplified DNA fragments were used for statistical analysis. The data was obtained by scoring the bands and analyzed by using STATISTICA software. A dendrogram was obtained by cluster analysis based on the presence or absence of band which indicates similarity and diversities. The cluster analysis grouped the Philodendron varieties based on the growth habits, morphological characters and also geographical origin. This indicates that there is an association between the RAPD patterns and the geographic origin of the varieties used. The genetic diversity among the varieties was moderate, which might be due to genetically heterozygous and somaclonal variation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Growth, Yield and Quality of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Cultivars under Lath House Conditions
Malik Abid Mehmood Muhammad Saleem Akhtar Khan Naveed AhmadFive carnation cultivars (‘Grand Salam’, ‘Nelson’, ‘Kaly’, ‘Cinderella’ and ‘Tempo’) were evaluated with respect to growth, yield and quality characteristics under lath house conditions at Kala Shah Kaku Resear MoreFive carnation cultivars (‘Grand Salam’, ‘Nelson’, ‘Kaly’, ‘Cinderella’ and ‘Tempo’) were evaluated with respect to growth, yield and quality characteristics under lath house conditions at Kala Shah Kaku Research Station, Directorate of Floriculture, Lahore during 2011. Among the cultivars studied, maximum plant height was recorded in carnation cultivar ‘Grand Salam’ (78.66 cm) closely followed by ‘Kaly’ (78.23 cm) and ‘Cinderella’ (77.96 cm). Number of shoots was highest in cultivars ‘Tempo’ (6.3) and ‘Nelson’ (6.2). Maximum stem thickness was observed in ‘Nelson’ (6.21 mm) and minimum in ‘Grand Salam’ (3.63 mm). Maximum number of internodes per stem were found in ‘Nelson’ (12.66) followed by ‘Kely’ (11.33) and ‘Grand Salam” (11.00). Highest flower yield per plant was recorded in cultivars ‘Tempo’ (6.4) and ‘Nelson’ (6.33). Maximum number of flowers per square meter were recorded in cultivar ‘Nelson’ (198.3) followed by ‘Tempo’ (189.6). Hence it can be concluded that cultivars ‘Nelson’ and ‘Tempo’ were found superior with respect to growth and flower yield characteristics under lath house conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - شناسایی گیاهان آپارتمانی بر اساس ویژگی های تصویری با کمک شبکه عصبی
نرگس قانعی قوشخانه عباس روحانی محمودرضا گلزاریان فاطمه کاظمیدر این مقاله سامانه بینایی ماشینی مبتنی بر شبکه عصبی برای شناسایی 12 گیاه آپارتمانی توسعه داده شد. از سامانه پردازش تصویر برای استخراج 41 ویژگی رنگی، بافتی و شکلی از تصاویر رو و پشت برگ گیاه استفاده گردید. ویژگی­های استخراج یافته به عنوان معیار تشخیص و و Moreدر این مقاله سامانه بینایی ماشینی مبتنی بر شبکه عصبی برای شناسایی 12 گیاه آپارتمانی توسعه داده شد. از سامانه پردازش تصویر برای استخراج 41 ویژگی رنگی، بافتی و شکلی از تصاویر رو و پشت برگ گیاه استفاده گردید. ویژگی­های استخراج یافته به عنوان معیار تشخیص و ورودی به شبکه عصبی داده شد. شبکه عصبی پرسپترون چند لایه (MLP) با الگوریتم آموزش، الگوریتم فاکتور کاهش نرخ یادگیری (BDLRF) به عنوان طبقه­بندی کننده استفاده گردید. طبقه­بندی در سه مرحله براساس قابلیت و قدرت ویژگیها در شناسایی گیاهان انجام شد. معیار قابلیت داشتن در هر مرحله با استفاده از قدرت تفکیک پذیری کلاسی گیاهان بررسی گردید. در این روش طبقه­بندی، هر مرحله نیاز به تعداد کمی از ویژگیها دارد؛ در نتیجه سرعت و دقت آن میتواند بسیار بالا باشد. نتایج نشان داد که دقت طبقه­بندی گیاهان در سه مرحله به 100% میرسد. همچنین ویژگیهای بهینه برای طبقه­بندی شامل سه مرحلهی ورودی از ویژگیهای موفولوژیکی (شکلی)، ویژگیهای رنگی HSI استخراج یافته از پشت برگ و ویژگیهای بافتی HSI استخراج یافته از پشت برگها میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Shading Impact on Qualitative Characteristics and Chlorophyll Content of Cut Rose (Rosa hybrida cv. Avalanche)
Ali Dolatkhahi Mansour Matloobi Alireza Motallebiazar Navid VahdatiLight intensity is considered a limiting factor in greenhouse rose production. The main aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of shading treatments (0, 25, 50, and 65% shading) on quality and chlorophyll content of cut rose (Rosa hybrida cv. Avalanche), unde MoreLight intensity is considered a limiting factor in greenhouse rose production. The main aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of shading treatments (0, 25, 50, and 65% shading) on quality and chlorophyll content of cut rose (Rosa hybrida cv. Avalanche), under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was planned in randomized completely block design with four replications. All shoots were bent downwards from above the second bud after removing the young flower bud. Shading significantly affected on bud sprouting, flowering stem fresh and dry weight and flowering stem diameter, so that earliest bud sprouting, highest flowering stem, fresh and dry weight and flowering stem diameter were observed in no shading treatment. However, shading had no significant effect on flowering stem length and leaf area, but specific leaf area increased with shading percentage increment at 65% shade. Results of total chlorophyll content as well as chlorophyll a and b showed a decrement with increasing of shading percentage. In general, shading could be a cause of low-quality in cut roses; therefore greenhouse roses growers should consider greenhouse architecture to maximize light deep penetration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Socioeconomic Analysis of Different Categories of Farm in Selected Areas of Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Limon Deb Md. Mian Md. Asaduzzaman Shahali Mitul Md. Rahaman -
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292 - Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Strategies Used By Rural Farming Households in Ondo State, Nigeria
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293 - Analysis of Factors Influencing Food Security Status of Female Headed Farm Households in Abia State, Nigeria
Kelechi Osondu -
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294 - Factors Influencing Rural Livelihood Diversification Activities among Women in Northern Region of Ghana
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295 - Factors’ Affecting the Motives of Rural Households’ Saving Behavior in North Bench District, Bench Maji Zone of Southern Ethiopia
A Gonosa B Bargissa K Tesfay -
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296 - Factors Affecting Tendency towards Organic Production (Case Study: Greenhouse Producers of Tabriz Township, Iran)
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297 - Push and Pull Factors Promoting Agroforestry Tree Crop Uncontrolled Extraction on Rural Households in Delta State, Nigeria
Theophilus Gbigbi -
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298 - Impact of Women Empowerment on Food Security among Rural Households in Kwara State, Nigeria
Azeez Muhammad-Lawal Kemi Omotesho Oluwaremilekun Jimoh Nimat Abdulraheem Lvie Loreta Olaghere -
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Alhassan Andani -
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300 - Influence of Women on Crop Choice Decision Making among Farm Households in Northern Ghana
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301 - Factors Affecting the Rural Poverty and its Vulnerability
O. F Ogebe M. A Adejo P. A Burbuwa -
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302 - Perception, Adaptation Strategies and Challenges of Climate Change among Rural Households in Anyigba, Dekina Local Government Area Of Kogi State, Nigeria
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Peter Emaziye -
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305 - Covid-19 Lockdown: Implication on Commodity Food Price and Household Food Security in Kwara State, Nigeria
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306 - Farm households’ welfare and smallholder rice production in northern Ghana: Does all-year-round cultivation make any difference?
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307 - Knowledge of Women with Agricultural Household Jobs toward Innovation Management in Masjed Soliman Township, Khouzestan Province, Iran
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308 - Gender Differentials in Food Output and Food Security in Anambra State Southeast Nigeria
Chinasaokwu Onyemauwa Nnamdi Ehirim Jones Lemchi Nkiru Ben-Chendo Okwudili Nwosu Chiemeka Onwuegbuchi -
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309 - Impact of Kampe Irrigation Dam on Farming Household Dietary Diversity in Kogi state, Nigeria
Babatunde R. O Opeyemi G Adenuga H. A Olagunju F. I Aminou A -
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310 - Determinants of Poverty among Rural Households in South Western States, Nigeria
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311 - Analysis of Factors Determining Households Food Security in Pastoral Area Oromia Region, Moyale District, in Ethiopia
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312 - Gender Roles in Livestock Production among Urban Farming Households
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313 - Exploring the Roles of Agricultural Extension in Promoting Food Security in Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa
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314 - Comparison of the Efficiency of Traditional and Industrial Milk Production Units in Khuzestan Province
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Open Access Article
315 - مدلسازی انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای تولید گندم در سیستم های کشت آبی و دیم در استان خراسان رضوی، ایران
سید مسعود معتمد الشریعتی حسن صدرنیا محمد حسین آق خانی مهدی خجستهپورکشاورزی یکی از بخش­های مهم تولیدکننده گازهای گلخانهای محسوب میگردد. یراین اساس، این مطالعه به ارزیابی انتشار گازهای گلخانهای تولید گندم در نظامهای کشت آبی و دیم پرداخته است. داده­ها از طریق پرسشنامه و مصاحبه حضوری با 116 کشاورز گردآوری شد. نتایج نشان داد که Moreکشاورزی یکی از بخش­های مهم تولیدکننده گازهای گلخانهای محسوب میگردد. یراین اساس، این مطالعه به ارزیابی انتشار گازهای گلخانهای تولید گندم در نظامهای کشت آبی و دیم پرداخته است. داده­ها از طریق پرسشنامه و مصاحبه حضوری با 116 کشاورز گردآوری شد. نتایج نشان داد که مجموع انتشار گازهای گلخانهای برای تولید گندم در نظامهای کشت آبی و دیم به ترتیب kg CO2 eq 8/637 و 12/65 بود. نهاده سوخت دیزل با 33 درصد، بیشترین انتشار گازهای گلخانهای تولید گندم در نظام کشت آبی را داشت. همچنین این نهاده بیشترین انتشار گازهای گلخانهای در تولید گندم در نظام دیم را به خود اختصاص داد. نتایج استفاده از تابع کاب-داگلاس نشان داد که برای تولید گندم در نظام کشت آبی، تأثیر نهادههای نشردهنده گازهای گلخانهای ماشینها، سوخت، الکتریسیته و کود حیوانی بر روی عملکرد مثبت و تأثیر نهادههای کودهای شیمیایی و سموم شیمیایی بر روی عملکرد گندم منفی بود. این در حالی است که تأثیر تمام نهادههای انرژی بر روی عملکرد گندم در نظام کشت دیم مثبت بود. نتایج تحلیل حساسیت ورودیهای نشردهنده گازهای گلخانهای نشان داد با افزایش یک کیلوگرم معادل دیاکسیدکربن نهادههای کودهای شیمیایی و سموم شیمیایی عملکرد گندم در نظام کشت آبی به ترتیب به میزان 28/0 و 17/0 کیلوگرم کاهش یافت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - Impact of Small-Holders’ Cattle Fattening on Household Income Generation in Fadis District of Eastern Hararghe Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Jafer Mume Fikadu TadesseAt the household level, livestock plays a critical economic and social role in pastoralists and at the household level, livestock plays a critical economic and social role in pastoralists and smallholder farm households. The objectives of this study were to analyze fact MoreAt the household level, livestock plays a critical economic and social role in pastoralists and at the household level, livestock plays a critical economic and social role in pastoralists and smallholder farm households. The objectives of this study were to analyze factors affecting participation in cattle fattening and its impacts on household income in Fadis district of Eastern Hararghe. Both primary and secondary data were used. The data were collected by means of a semi-structured questionnaire from 124 samples during the period of April 20-May20/ 2017. Logit estimation revealed that participation in cattle fattening is significantly influenced by five variables. Age of household head, labor force in family member, market information, access to agricultural extension services and number of livestock are significant variables which affect the participation of the household in cattle fattening practices. Propensity score matching method was applied to analyze the impact of the cattle fattening on the household income generation. In matching processes, kernel matching with 0.25 band width was resulted in relatively low pseudo-R2 with best balancing test was found to be the best matching algorithm. This method was checked for standardized bias, t-test, and joint significance level. Propensity score matching results revealed that household participated in cattle fattening practice have got 14,071 more farm income and 12,617 total household income in Ethiopian Birr (ETB) than those household that were not participated in fattening practices. This income difference shows how non-farm and off-farm income compensated for income obtained from cattle fattening activities with farm income. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - تأثیر افزایش قیمت برق بر رفاه بخش خانگی مناطق روستایی استان گیلان
حسین صالحی Esfandiar Doshman Ziari Mohammad Sadegh Ziaeiبه منظور بررسی اثر افزایش قیمت برق در بخش خانگی بر رفاه خانوارهای روستایی استان گیلان با استفاده از سیستم تقاضای تقریبا ایده­آل؛ کشش­ها و تغییرات رفاهی ناشی از افزایش 50 درصدی و افزایش 100 درصدی قیمت برق خانگی و افزایش تدریجی قیمت برق خانگی در چهار سال (هر سال ا Moreبه منظور بررسی اثر افزایش قیمت برق در بخش خانگی بر رفاه خانوارهای روستایی استان گیلان با استفاده از سیستم تقاضای تقریبا ایده­آل؛ کشش­ها و تغییرات رفاهی ناشی از افزایش 50 درصدی و افزایش 100 درصدی قیمت برق خانگی و افزایش تدریجی قیمت برق خانگی در چهار سال (هر سال افزایش 25 درصدی) با استفاده از دو معیار تغییرات جبرانی و تغییرات معادل طی دوره زمانی 91-1370 محاسبه شده­است. نتایج نشان می­دهد قدر مطلق کشش درآمدی و قیمتی برق کوچک­تر از واحد بوده­است. پایین­بودن کشش قیمتی تقاضا از طرفی نشان­دهنده تأثیر جزئی تغییرات قیمت بر روی تقاضای برق در دوره مورد بررسی بوده و از طرف دیگر بیان­گر عدم وجود جانشین مناسب برای برق در بخش خانگی می­باشد.محاسبات تغییرات رفاهی و مقایسه­ی آنها با سهم برق از یارانه­ی پرداختی، نشان میدهد که با افزایش 50 و 100 درصدی قیمت برق خانگی پول پرداختی به خانوار کمتر از میزان مبلغ به­دست آمده­است و می­توان گفت که اثر مستقیم واقعی­کردن قیمت برق خانگی (افزایش قیمت) جبران نشده­است. در واقع میزان رفاهی که خانوار در اثر افزایش قیمت برق از دست داده­است بیش­تر از رفاهی است که به­دست آورده­است و لذا خانوارها متضرر شده­اند. اما در مورد سناریوی افزایش تدریجی قیمت، مبلغ CV به­دست­آمده کمتر از میزان دریافتی خانوار بوده و به این دلیل در واقع تنها با اعمال این سیاست قیمتی است که خانوار متضرر نشده و رفاه آن افزایش یافته­است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - تجزیه و تحلیل امرژی نظام کشت خیار گلخانهای منطقه سیستان
شیرعلی کوهکن احمد قنبری محمدرضا اصغری پور براتعلی فاخریدستیابی به پایداری کشاورزی و کاهش فشار زیست محیطی دو هدف عمده مدیریت آگرو اکوسیستمها در قرن حاضر است که عدم کارایی مناسب انرژی، آنرا با چالش مواجه نموده است. در این راستا در پژوهش حاضر تلاش شده یکی از مهمترین نظامهای کشت منطقه سیستان با استفاده از رهیافت تحلیل امرژی ا Moreدستیابی به پایداری کشاورزی و کاهش فشار زیست محیطی دو هدف عمده مدیریت آگرو اکوسیستمها در قرن حاضر است که عدم کارایی مناسب انرژی، آنرا با چالش مواجه نموده است. در این راستا در پژوهش حاضر تلاش شده یکی از مهمترین نظامهای کشت منطقه سیستان با استفاده از رهیافت تحلیل امرژی ارزیابی گردد. در این مطالعه تمام ورودیها اعم از ورودیهای تجدید پذیر شامل نور خورشید، باد و باران؛ تجدید ناپذیر شامل خاک؛ نهادهها و خدمات خریداری شده شامل ماشینآلات، سوختهای فسیلی، الکتریسیته، پلاستیک، تاسیسات، نیروی انسانی، کودهای شیمیایی نیتروژن، پتاسیم، فسفر، کودهای میکرو و سموم شیمیایی برای تولید خیار گلخانهای سیستان مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد کل امرژی تولید خیار گلخانهای برابر1018×094/1 امژول خورشیدی و بیشترین مقدار امرژی مصرفی به ترتیب مربوط به گازوئیل و نیروی انسانی با 1017×9/7 و 1017×92/1 امژول خورشیدی در هکتار بود. شاخصهای مهم امرژی شامل نسبت عملکرد امرژی، نسبت سرمایهگذاری امرژی، نسبت بارگذاری بر محیط زیست و شاخص پایداری به ترتیب 00/1، 2089، 34/4، 23/0 2 بدست آمد. بنابراین لازم است بهینهسازی مصرف نهادههای پر مصرف، کاهش فشار زیستمحیطی و افزایش پایداری از طریق تغییرات مناسب در ساختمان و سازههای گلخانه و افزایش کارایی مصرف انرژی در داخل گلخانه و نیز افزایش مکانیزاسیون کاشت، داشت و برداشت کشتهای گلخانهای برای توسعه کشت خیار گلخانهای در منطقه سیستان در برنامهریزیهای آتی مد نظر قرار گیرد Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - پیش بینی سطوح امنیت غذایی خانوارهای روستایی بر مبنای عوامل اقتصادی ـ اجتماعی : مورد مطالعه شهرستان نهاوند
سعدی فتح الهی گلام بحری حسین شعبانعلی فمی علی اسدینقش تغذیه در سلامت، افزایش کارایی و ارتباط آن با توسعه اقتصادی، طی تحقیقات گسترده در سطح جهانی با مبانی علمی و شواهد تجربی مورد تایید قرار گرفته است. بنابراین دسترسی به امنیت غذایی از محورهای اساسی توسعه است. از این رو هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش عوامل اقتصادی ـ اجتم Moreنقش تغذیه در سلامت، افزایش کارایی و ارتباط آن با توسعه اقتصادی، طی تحقیقات گسترده در سطح جهانی با مبانی علمی و شواهد تجربی مورد تایید قرار گرفته است. بنابراین دسترسی به امنیت غذایی از محورهای اساسی توسعه است. از این رو هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش عوامل اقتصادی ـ اجتماعی مؤثر بر امنیت غذایی خانوارهای روستایی در شهرستان نهاوند می­باشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل 26599 خانوار روستایی شهرستان نهاوند بود که تعداد 255 نفر با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و روش نمونه­گیری طبقه‏ای، به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی پژوهش پرسشنامه‏ای بود که روایی آن توسط اعضای هیئت علمی گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران و پایایی آن توسط ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید گردید. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‏ها در دو بخش آمار توصیفی و استنباطی با استفاده از نرم افزارSPSSwin21 انجام شد. نتایج حاصل از آزمون F نشان داد که بین سطوح مختلف درآمد خانوار از نظر سطح ناامنی غذایی اختلاف معنی­دار آماری در سطح یک درصد وجود دارد. هم­چنین نتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیون لجیت (پروبیت) حاکی از آن است که متغیرهای توان تصمیم­گیری و آگاهی تغذیه­ای سرپرست خانوار و درآمد خانوار بیشترین تاثیر را بر روی میزان امنیت غذایی خانوارهای روستایی داشته­اند. Manuscript profile -
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320 - واکاوی مشکلات و موانع پیشروی گلخانهداران: مطالعه موردی استان اصفهان، ایران
مسعود رمضانی عبدالحمید پاپ زنهدف پژوهش حاضر واکاوی مشکلات و موانع پیشروی گلخانهداران استان اصفهان است. در این مطالعه از پارادایم کیفی استفاده شد و داده­های تحقیق از طریق مصاحبه نیمهساختارمند به صورت غیرحضوری (تلفنی) و در برخی موارد با مشاهده و مصاحبه مستقیم جمعآوری شد. با تمامی جامعه Moreهدف پژوهش حاضر واکاوی مشکلات و موانع پیشروی گلخانهداران استان اصفهان است. در این مطالعه از پارادایم کیفی استفاده شد و داده­های تحقیق از طریق مصاحبه نیمهساختارمند به صورت غیرحضوری (تلفنی) و در برخی موارد با مشاهده و مصاحبه مستقیم جمعآوری شد. با تمامی جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه این پژوهش که 471 نفر بودند تماس گرفته شد، ولی نرخ بازگشت مکالمه تلفنی 279 نفر بود که برای جمع­آوری داده­ها و اطلاعات مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. بهمنظور تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها و اطلاعات جمعآوری شده از تکنیک تحلیل محتوای ساختاری تئوری بنیانی بهره گرفته شد. در تحلیل ساختاری اجزای ساختار مصاحبه، واژهها، مفاهیم و ارتباط میان آنها بر حسب میزان تکرار، تعداد واژهها و اصطلاحات به کاررفته در جملهها شمارش و بررسی گردید تا الگوهای موجود در گفتهها کشف شود. در کل 849 مشکل توسط گلخانهداران بیان شد. در مرحله کدگذاری باز با ادغام موارد مشابه و حذف موارد تکراری، عبارتهای استخراج شده در قالب 27 عبارت معنادار فرموله شد. در مرحله کدگذاری محوری، عبارت استخراج شده هشت عامل اصلی را ایجاد کردند. در کدگذری انتخابی مشکلات شناسایی شده در چهار بعد سرمایه انسانی، نظام زیربنایی و پشتیبانی، عوامل برونسازمانی و عوامل اقتصادی دستهبندی شدند. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که در جدود 50 درصد از مشکلات کشاورزان با سه عامل نوسان شدید قیمت، دلالبازی و بالا بودن هزینه سوخت از عمده مشکلات گلخانهداران میباشد. Manuscript profile -
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321 - عوامل موثر بر عدم تمایل به کاربرد سموم شیمیایی در گلخانههای صیفی شهرستان بندرعباس (ایران)
مسعود یزدان پناه فاطمه رحیمی فیض آباد خدیجه عباس زادهشواهد نشان داده ­اند کشاورزان در کشورهای درحال توسعه، با وجود هزینه­ های بزرگ زیست­ محیطی، اقتصادی، بهداشتی و اجتماعی مصرف آفت­ کش ­ها، همچنان به استفاده از آن­ها ادامه داده ­اند. به نظر می­ رسد، ریشه این مسئله به تصمیم ­گیری کشاورزان Moreشواهد نشان داده ­اند کشاورزان در کشورهای درحال توسعه، با وجود هزینه­ های بزرگ زیست­ محیطی، اقتصادی، بهداشتی و اجتماعی مصرف آفت­ کش ­ها، همچنان به استفاده از آن­ها ادامه داده ­اند. به نظر می­ رسد، ریشه این مسئله به تصمیم ­گیری کشاورزان مربوط می ­شود. به این ترتیب، برای سیاست­ گذاران درک این مسئله که چگونه کشاورزان در رابطه با این موضوع فکر می­ کنند و رفتار می­ کنند، بسیار مهم و ضروری است. بنابراین، هدف پژوهش حاضر، ارائه شواهد تجربی درباره نگرش و تمایل گلخانهداران در رابطه با عدم مصرف سموم آفتکش در شهرستان بندرعباس بود. به منظور دستیابی به این هدف از تئوری رفتار برنامهریزی شده به عنوان مبانی نظری تحقیق، استفاده شد. این تئوری به منظور درک نگرش و تمایل گلخانه ­داران با استفاده از روش تحقیق پیمایش آزمون شد. نمونه تحقیق، 110 نفر از گلخانه داران شهرستان بندرعباس بودند که براساس روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. جمع آوری داده­ ها در این پژوهش با استفاده از پرسشنامه محقق ساخت برای متغیرهای اصلی تئوری انجام شد. اعتبار درونی پرسشنامه و پایایی آن مورد تایید قرار گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد، تمایل گلخانه داران در رابطه با عدم مصرف سموم آفتکش به طور معنیداری توسط متغیر هنجار اخلاقی و پس از آن به ترتیب توسط متغیرهای هویت خود و نگرش تبیین شد. علاوه بر این یافتهها نشان داد، با افزودن دو متغیر هنجار اخلاقی و هویت خود به تئوری رفتار برنامهریزی شده قدرت پیشبینی تئوری افزایش یافت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - بررسی اثربخشی مدیریت تلفیقی آفات با رویکرد مدارس مزرعهای کشاورزان( مورد مطالعه: گلخانهداران استانهای تهران و البرز)
Azadeh Ahmadvand Enayat Abbasi Homayon Farhadian Hadi Moumenihelali Alireza Norouziاین پژوهش به بررسی اثربخشی پروژه­ی IPM/FFS، از ابعاد اقتصادی، فنی، اجتماعی- ارتباطی، زیست­محیطی و روانشناختی پرداخته است. تحقیق از نوع توصیفی ـ همبستگی می­باشد که با روش پیمایشی انجام شده است. جامعه تحقیق شامل 70 نفر از گلخانه­داران استان­های تهران و Moreاین پژوهش به بررسی اثربخشی پروژه­ی IPM/FFS، از ابعاد اقتصادی، فنی، اجتماعی- ارتباطی، زیست­محیطی و روانشناختی پرداخته است. تحقیق از نوع توصیفی ـ همبستگی می­باشد که با روش پیمایشی انجام شده است. جامعه تحقیق شامل 70 نفر از گلخانه­داران استان­های تهران و البرز بوده است که پروژه IPM/FFS را اجرا کرده­اند. با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان (1970) و نمونهگیری طبقهای تصادفی 55 نفر از گلخانه­داران مذکور به عنوان نمونه تحقیق انتخاب شدند. پرسشنامه ابزار اصلی جمعآوری دادهها بود که روایی آن به تأیید پانلی از متخصصین ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی رسید و پایایی بخش­های مختلف آن در مرحله پیشآزمون با محاسبه آلفای کرونباخ بین 77/. و 86/. محاسبه گردید. با توجه به نتایج، پروژه IPM/FFS به­ترتیب روی ابعاد اجتماعی- ارتباطی، روانشناختی، زیست­محیطی، فنی واقتصادی گلخانهداران تأثیر می­گذارد. اثربخشی پروژه IPM/FFSبا متغیرهای تحصیلات، مدت زمان اجرای IPM، میزان رضایت از حمایت­های دولتی و ویژگی­های سایت­های یادگیری IPM/FFS، دارای رابطه مثبت و معنادار و با متغیرهای سن و مساحت اجرای IPM، دارای رابطه منفی و معنادار بود. طبق نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه، سه متغیر ویژگی­های سایت­های یادگیری، تحصیلات و میزان رضایت از حمایت­های دولتی قادرند 66 درصد از واریانس متغیر اثربخشی پروژه IPM/FFSرا تبیین کنند. در نهایت پیشنهاد می­شود از آنجا که هزینه اجرای مدیریت تلفیقی آفات، معمولاً بیش از توان مالی گلخانه­داران است، حمایت­های اقتصادی دولت (نظیر اعطای وام و تسهیلات ویژه، تضمین خرید محصولات ارگانیک) از گلخانه­داران مجری افزایش یابد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - طراحی مدل شایستگیهای حرفهای مدیران واحدهای تولید محصولات گلخانه ای خراسان جنوبی در ایران
محمد معتمدی کوروش روستا اسدالله زمانی پور ملیحه فلکیپژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی مدل شایستگی­های حرفه­ای مدیران واحدهای تولید محصولات گلخانه­ای خراسان جنوبی در ایران انجام شده است. روش تحقیق از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر گردآوری داده­ها توصیفی – همبستگی است و به روش پیمایش انجام شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق Moreپژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی مدل شایستگی­های حرفه­ای مدیران واحدهای تولید محصولات گلخانه­ای خراسان جنوبی در ایران انجام شده است. روش تحقیق از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر گردآوری داده­ها توصیفی – همبستگی است و به روش پیمایش انجام شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق 117 نفر از مدیران واحدهای تولید محصولات گلخانه­ای بوده که بدلیل محدود بودن جامعه بصورت سرشماری مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. ابزار گردآوری داده­ها در این پژوهش، پرسشنامه بود و برای تحلیل داده­ها از نرم­افزار SPSS و Smart PLS استفاده شده است. برای همه شایستگی­ها آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی ترکیبی بیشتر از 7/0 بدست آمد. تحلیل معادلات ساختاری با حداقل مربعات جزئی pls دلالت بر تایید همه فرضیه­ها دارد. در نهایت مدل شایستگی­های حرفه ­ی با هفت شایستگی شامل شایستگی مدیریت، فردی، محیط کسب و کار، اعتقادی- اخلاقی، فنی و تخصصی، آکادمیک و عمومی شناسایی شده است که از دید مدیران بیشترین اهمیت مربوط به شایستگی­های مدیریتی و فردی بوده است. از این رو پیشنهاد می­شود مدیران برای تصمیم­گیری صحیح در برخورد با مسائل جدید و متغیر، می­بایست دائماً مهارت­ها و معلومات خود را در زمینه مدیریت اصلاح و بهروزرسانی کنند تا بتوانند به اهداف غایی تولید دست یابند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - Impact of Youth Commercial Agricultural Development Programme on Poverty Status of Rural Households in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Adetomiwa Kolapo Olanrewaju Adebayo Olanipekun یوآنده بوبولا آکانده Matthew Kolawole Opeyemi Muhammed -
Open Access Article
325 - Determinants of Deprivation Among Part–time Cassava Farming Households in the Humid Tropic
Nsikak-Abasi A Etim Sunday Okon Iniobong A. AkpabioAs cost of living rises and people’s wages / salaries do not cover their basic food and dietary needs, interest in parttime farming has risen. Part-time farming activities are being practiced by different people as a food security strategy from vulnerable househol MoreAs cost of living rises and people’s wages / salaries do not cover their basic food and dietary needs, interest in parttime farming has risen. Part-time farming activities are being practiced by different people as a food security strategy from vulnerable households. But these part-time farms have had limited success in providing food/nutrition security, increasing incomes and improving well-being. Understanding the factors underlying their persistent deprivation is imperative when designing policies and programmes to meet their needs and improve their welfare. Farm level survey data collected from 60 households with the aid of questionnaire were used to estimate the determinants of deprivation by Tobit regression model. Using the maximum likelihood approach, asymptotic parameters estimates were evaluated to describe determinants of deprivation. Sex, marital status, household size, education, farm income and labour were significant determinants of deprivation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - Labour and Poverty: Empirical Relationship Using House Data from South Nigeria
Nsikak-Abasi A. Etim Sunday Okon Inibong A. AkpabioIn Nigeria, most farming activities rely on family labor. However, rural-urban drift and the movement of young people away from agriculture are making labor increasingly pause. Thus, labor has become a major constraint to expanding the scope of production by small-scale MoreIn Nigeria, most farming activities rely on family labor. However, rural-urban drift and the movement of young people away from agriculture are making labor increasingly pause. Thus, labor has become a major constraint to expanding the scope of production by small-scale resource poor farmers. This paper provides an empirical relationship between labor and poverty using data from households. Through a multi stage sampling procedure, 150 farming households were selected using questionnaire. Results of Foster, Greer and Thorbecke decomposition show that poverty incidence, depth and severity increase with increase in labor employed in farm operations implying that poverty is directly related to labor. Finding further reveals that the difference in poverty incidence of one of the sub-group (1-50 Vs 50-100) pair is statistically significant at (P<0.05). Results suggest that the mandays of labor employed significantly affect the poverty incidence of farm households. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - Effect of Access to Health Facilities on the Health Status of Rural Households at Kermanshah Province (Case Study: Bisotoun District)
Zahra Korani Fateme Pourghasem Tahereh EmamiThe main purpose of this study was to investigate effect of access to health facilities on the health status of rural households at Kermanshah Province. Statistical pupation of this study consisted of all heads of rural households at Bisotoun district in Harsin Township MoreThe main purpose of this study was to investigate effect of access to health facilities on the health status of rural households at Kermanshah Province. Statistical pupation of this study consisted of all heads of rural households at Bisotoun district in Harsin Township, Kermanshah Province, Iran (N=1020), that 278 of them were selected by the cluster random sampling method. The main instrument of this study was a questionnaire which its validity confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that the health status of rural households was medium at the given district. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that 36% of the dependent variable (health status) is explained by five following variables: level of water availability, level of sewer system availability, and level of access to health services (e.g. toilet, bath, health home, etc.), access to resources and communication and information channels and the level of waste disposal system availability. The results of this study can be considered by authorities and politicians so that they can pay more attention to the rural health issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - Factors Affecting Nonfarm Income Diversification among Rural Farm Households in Central Nepal
Raju Ghimire Wen-Chi Huang Rudra Bahadur ShresthaNonfarm activities play an important role in the determination of rural household income, consumption expenditure, and household food security. However, much less studies have been devoted to the factors that influence nonfarm income diversification by farm household in MoreNonfarm activities play an important role in the determination of rural household income, consumption expenditure, and household food security. However, much less studies have been devoted to the factors that influence nonfarm income diversification by farm household in developing countries. Using cross-sectional data and a probit model, this study attempts to determine the factors influencing nonfarm income diversification decisions by farm households in Central Nepal. The result reveals that household characteristics such as age, gender and education of the household head, and family size play a significant role in nonfarm work decisions. The households with larger farm size are less likely to participate in nonfarm work than their counterpart. Additionally, for those remains in the rural households, distance to road and market hinders the opportunities for nonfarm work. Finally, regional differences also exist in participating nonfarm activities among farm households. This study suggests that government policy should pay more attention on education, gender and infrastructures such as road and markets, to reduce the entry barriers and facilitate easier access to nonfarm activities. Also, nonfarm activities need to be promoted and incorporated in governmental plans and policies for balanced development between hills and terai areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - The Determinants of Rural Poverty in Nigeria
Nsikak-Abasi A. Etim Edet J. UdohMost of the population of Nigeria is rural and agriculture is the mainstay of the impoverished people’s livelihood. This paper estimated the determinants of rural poverty in Nigeria using the Tobit regression model. Through the multistage sampling technique, prima MoreMost of the population of Nigeria is rural and agriculture is the mainstay of the impoverished people’s livelihood. This paper estimated the determinants of rural poverty in Nigeria using the Tobit regression model. Through the multistage sampling technique, primary data were obtained from 150 rural farming households using a questionnaire. The Result of Tobit regression analysis shows that increase in farm income, farm size and amount of agricultural loan led to a decrease in the level of poverty by 0.9953, 0.1220 and 0.4016 x 10-6 respectively. Membership of the cooperative by household heads, ownership of certain assets, access to extension services, and modern farming inputs, increase in educational attainment and male heads of households decreased the likelihood of being poor. Findings also reveal that except for access to loan that is elastic, the responsiveness of the probability and intensity of poverty to dependency ratio, farming experience, farm size and income are inelastic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - Fighting Hunger Together: A Case of Women Farmers’ Participation in Women Groups in Mwala Division, Kenya
Rebecca Njoki Karaya Christopher Assa Onyango David Mulama AmudaviFood security remains a major challenge for most rural households in Kenya especially those in arid and semi arid areas. Women play a crucial role as primary food producers and custodians of household food security. They however face many constraints in their endeavor t MoreFood security remains a major challenge for most rural households in Kenya especially those in arid and semi arid areas. Women play a crucial role as primary food producers and custodians of household food security. They however face many constraints in their endeavor to secure food for their households. Women, lack access to extension education, land and credit and these challenges are exacerbated by effects of climatic variability, especially drought. In response to the difficulties facing them, women in Mwala have formed organizations (women groups) as safety-nets to help them face these challenges collectively rather than as individuals. This study research was designed to investigate how women's participation in the groups influences them to overcome constraints related to their household food security. The study used a cross sectional survey design. A sample of 156 respondents was selected through simple random sampling, with 94 women farmers being group members and 62 non group members. Ten key informants were purposively sampled from group leaders of the most active women groups influenced in agricultural activities to participate in a focus group discussion. The data was analysed using SPSS package version 17 and presented using frequencies, percentages, multiple regression, and Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient. The study revealed that household food security is significantly and positively influenced by participation of women farmers in women groups (F=9.980, p<0.001), that the level of intensity of participation in group activities did not significantly influence household food security (x2=.112) and that linking with outside agencies was positively and significantly correlated to group performance measured in terms of benefits availed to the members through their groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - اثر تغییرات آب و هوا بر هزینههای مواد غذایی خانوارهای روستایی ایران
علیرضا کرباسی چیمن صیادیاین پژوهش به بررسی تغییرات آب و هوا بر هزینه مواد غذایی خانوارهای روستایی در ایران میپردازد. هزینه موادغذایی خانوارهای روستایی ایران به عنوان تابعی از متوسط درآمد خانوارهای روستایی، شاخص قیمت خرده فروشی مواد غذایی، هزینه موادغذایی خانوارهای روستایی، سطح زیرکشت و آب و Moreاین پژوهش به بررسی تغییرات آب و هوا بر هزینه مواد غذایی خانوارهای روستایی در ایران میپردازد. هزینه موادغذایی خانوارهای روستایی ایران به عنوان تابعی از متوسط درآمد خانوارهای روستایی، شاخص قیمت خرده فروشی مواد غذایی، هزینه موادغذایی خانوارهای روستایی، سطح زیرکشت و آب و هوا با استفاده از روش پانل پویا و نرمافزار Stata11برای 26 استان کشور بررسی شده است. بارندگی، دما و رطوبت نسبی به عنوان شاخص­هایی برای متغیر آب و هوا در نظر گرفته شده است. نتایج نشاندهنده تأثیر معنیدار و مثبت متوسط درآمد خانوارهای روستایی، شاخص قیمت خرده فروشی مواد غذایی، هزینه مواد غذایی خانوارهای روستایی با یک وقفه و بارندگی بر هزینه مواد غذایی خانوارهای روستایی است، سطح زیرکشت و رطوبت نسبی بر هزینههای مواد غذایی خانوارهای روستایی اثر نداشته است و دما اثر منفی و معناداری بر هزینههای مواد غذایی خانوارهای روستایی دارد. در پایان با توجه به تأثیری که هر کدام از متغیرهای گفته شده به طور صریح بر هزینه مواد غذایی خانوارهای روستایی و بطور ضمنی بر امنیت غذایی این خانوارها دارند پیشنهادهایی برای حفظ و همچنین بهبود امنیت غذایی در خانوارهای روستایی ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - Family Income and Cash Flow of Rural Households in South East Nigeria: A Comparative and Gender – Based Analysis
Olajide O. Adeola W. DopplerThis study focused on the income generating capacity of farm family’s own resources and examined the vulnerability to financial risk among the remote and peri-urban farming systems of Imo state. Primary data was collected using the farming and rural systems approa MoreThis study focused on the income generating capacity of farm family’s own resources and examined the vulnerability to financial risk among the remote and peri-urban farming systems of Imo state. Primary data was collected using the farming and rural systems approach to randomly select and interview 120 households. Descriptive statistics and Mann whitney test were used in assessing between group differences while regression analysis was used to test the determinants of family income spread within the households. The results showed that the farming systems differed significantly in terms of rewards to resource use and efficiency. It also showed that remotely located households were more likely to be vulnerable to financial risks. A comparison of Male and Female Headed Households showed that the households had similar income generating potentials but with the cash flow analysis a safe conclusion may be reached that Female Headed Household were more financially unhealthy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - Shocks and Coping Strategies of Rural Households: Evidence from Ogo-Oluwa Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria
Seyi Olalekan Olawuyi Olapade-Ogunwole Fola Raufu Mufutau OyedapoRural households in Nigeria are vulnerable to shock because of their limited capacity to make informed decision on secured coping strategies which is further aggravated by some households’ specific socio-economic characteristics. Attempts were made to identify sho MoreRural households in Nigeria are vulnerable to shock because of their limited capacity to make informed decision on secured coping strategies which is further aggravated by some households’ specific socio-economic characteristics. Attempts were made to identify shocks being faced by households’ heads and coping strategies. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 80 respondents and well structured questionnaire was used to collect data through in-depth interview. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics to describe households’ socio-economic variables; Probit analysis was also used to determine the relationship between personal socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, shocks and choice of coping actions. The results revealed that a large share of households experience multidimensional shocks, which are mainly associated to ecological but also suffer from other economic, demographic and social factors. Majority of households undertake coping actions in response to shocks; coping strategies employed but not limited to include borrowing, distress sales of assets, remittances, adjustment in food intake, drawing on savings. Educational status, household size, per capita income, shocks type, coping strategies, among others are found to significantly affect the choice of coping actions and are likely to have implications for households’ future welfare status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - تاثیر عوامل محیطی برکاهش پیامدهای هدفمندسازی یارانه ها ازدیدگاه گلخانه داران استان سمنان، ایران
محمدصادق صبوری سیاوش نوری مصطفی کرباسیوناین مطالعه با هدف بررسی نقش متغیرهای محیطی بر کاهش پیامدهای طرح هدفمندی یارانه­ها بر گلخانه­داران استان سمنان انجام شد. نمونه آماری شامل 287 گلخانه­دار بود که از طریق فرمول کوکران تعداد آنها تعیین گردید. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها از نرم افزارSPSS21 استف Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی نقش متغیرهای محیطی بر کاهش پیامدهای طرح هدفمندی یارانه­ها بر گلخانه­داران استان سمنان انجام شد. نمونه آماری شامل 287 گلخانه­دار بود که از طریق فرمول کوکران تعداد آنها تعیین گردید. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها از نرم افزارSPSS21 استفاده گردید. ابزار اصلی پژوهش پرسشنامه بود که براساس مبانی تئوریک طراحی گردید و پس از اصلاح محتوا با فرمول کوکران مقدار آلفای آن 87/7 محاسبه شد. از همبستگی و رگرسیون برای تحلیل فرضیه­ها استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد کاهش هزینه­های جاری، استفاده از سازه­های مناسب، استفاده درست از سوخت، مکان­یابی درست وسایل گرمایش و استفاده از کارگران ماهر بیشترین نقش را برکاهش پیامدهای هدفمندسازی یارانه­هابرای گلخانه­داران ایفا می­کنند که مقدار 2/40 درصد از واریانس متغیر وابسته را تبیین می­کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - Application of adaptive fuzzy decision-making system for managing water consumption at smart house
Reza Mohammadi Jahan Mohsen Daryani Mehdi Azarafza -
Open Access Article
336 - Designing a model of product arrangement and multi-warehouse location-routing problem
saeed sadeghi mohammad fallah esmaeil najafi -
Open Access Article
337 - Two-warehouse system for non-instantaneous deterioration products with promotional effort and inflation over a finite time horizon
M. Palanivel S. Priyan P. Mala -
Open Access Article
338 - An EOQ model for non-instantaneous deteriorating items with two levels of storage under trade credit policy
R. Udayakumar K. V. Geetha -
Open Access Article
339 - A fuzzy model for achieving lean attributes for competitive advantages development using AHP-QFD-PROMETHEE
E. Roghanian Mohammad Alipour -
Open Access Article
340 - Dynamic Relationship between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Iran
Maryam Khoshnevis Asma Shiri Azam ShiriThe relationship between causation of energy use and economic growth is one of the important issues of energy economy, which has been studied extensively. However, previous studies in Iran have ignored the nonlinear behavior of these two variables, which can be as a res MoreThe relationship between causation of energy use and economic growth is one of the important issues of energy economy, which has been studied extensively. However, previous studies in Iran have ignored the nonlinear behavior of these two variables, which can be as a result of structural failures. In this research, the self-monitoring regression model of time parameters with probability fluctuations (TVP-VAR) is used to determine the inter-annual dynamics between the real GDP of Iran (oil, non-oil), electricity consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions in 1972-2014. The results show that the TVP-VAR model is used to study the dynamic relationship between power consumption, real GDP, and greenhouse emissions. In addition, analyzing the successive responses of GDP time, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions to structural shocks suggests that these responses depend on the severity of GDP structural fluctuations, power consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. In fact, the existence of a one-way non-linear relationship has led to economic growth as a result of energy use. This finding means that decision-makers should consider the fluctuations of real GDP, electric shock, greenhouse gas emissions, and the relationship between time-varying patterns of Real GDP, consumption electricity and emissions of greenhouse gases when deciding on energy policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - ترجمه متون سیاسی با و بدون اسکوپوس تعریف شده: مورد مترجمان ایرانی
Hamidreza Abdi Adnan Satariyan -
Open Access Article
342 - ارزیابی مقایسه ای کیفیت دو ترجمه انگلیسی غزلیات حافظ با استفاده از الگوی هاوس
Maryam Moghtaderi Esfahani Hossein Younesiپژوهش حاضر به بررسی دو ترجمه از غزلیات حافظ پرداخته است: یکی به نثر جان اسلیتر، جفریاینبودن و دیگری به نثر قافیه دار از ماناواز الکساندریان. مدل ارزیابی کیفیت ترجمه هاوس در مورد خطاهای آشکار وپنهان در این ارزیابی اقتباس شد. در این راستا، غزل های مشترک دو مترجم )14 شعر( Moreپژوهش حاضر به بررسی دو ترجمه از غزلیات حافظ پرداخته است: یکی به نثر جان اسلیتر، جفریاینبودن و دیگری به نثر قافیه دار از ماناواز الکساندریان. مدل ارزیابی کیفیت ترجمه هاوس در مورد خطاهای آشکار وپنهان در این ارزیابی اقتباس شد. در این راستا، غزل های مشترک دو مترجم )14 شعر( مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. برایتهیه جداول خطاهای آشکار، ابتدا هر بیت از طریق تفسیر کتاب شرح شوق نوشته حمیدیان )1389 )فهمیده شد و سپسبرای کشف خطاها با دو ترجمه مقایسه شد. این مطالعه همچنین با تجزیه و تحلیل عمیق متون مبدا و مقصد ، خطاهای پنهانو آشکار را استخراج کرد. یافته ها نشان داد که این دو ترجمه از نظر کیفیت تفاوت چندانی با هم ندارند. با این وجود، اولیبه نوعی به ترجمه پنهان نزدیکتر بود، زیرا هیچ قافیه اضافی برخالف الکساندریان نداشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - Assessing the Quality of Persian Translation of the Book “Principles of Marketing” Based on the House’s (TQA) Model
Mahnaz Nemati Moghaddam Mehrdad Rezaee -
Open Access Article
344 - The Myth of the Creation of the Devil in French and Iranian Literatures; A Case Study: The Temptation of Saint Anthony and Serivili's House
mehdi sharifian Ahmad VafaeibasirMyth is a kind of story that the ancient people once considered to be true, but today, the emphasis is on its narrative aspect. In the story of The Temptation of Saint Anthony, Gustave Flaubert has made effective use of the myths of ancient Iran, and has shown his inter MoreMyth is a kind of story that the ancient people once considered to be true, but today, the emphasis is on its narrative aspect. In the story of The Temptation of Saint Anthony, Gustave Flaubert has made effective use of the myths of ancient Iran, and has shown his interest in the theme of encountering of man and the devil. In the poem of Serivili's House, Nima Yooshij has also made mythopoeia. In this poem, based on his past culture, he has dealt with the encountering of man and the devil and has intervened in it. The devil has a mythological role in both works and plays a social function. The present research, by using analytical-comparative method, examines the common themes of the myths in The Temptation of Saint Anthony and Serivili's House based on the story of the creation of the devil. The findings show that Nima Yooshij is completely influenced by Flaubert's The Temptation of Saint Anthony in composing Serivili's House. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - Myth of Minotaur in the House of Asterion
Abdolhosein FarzādThe House of Asterion is a beautiful contemporary short story by Argentinean poet and writer, Jorge Luis Borges. In this story Borges creates a new myth (or a meta-myth) using an old one. The story is about Minotaur, a mythological creature in the ancient Greece with th MoreThe House of Asterion is a beautiful contemporary short story by Argentinean poet and writer, Jorge Luis Borges. In this story Borges creates a new myth (or a meta-myth) using an old one. The story is about Minotaur, a mythological creature in the ancient Greece with the head of a bull and the body of a man, who was imprisoned by King Minos of Crete in a gigantic labyrinth. Minotaur was eventually killed by the Athenian hero, Theseus. Borges reconstructs the story and writes it in first person narrative mode. According to Borges, the modern man is captured in the labyrinths that are the results of modernism. Yet he can free himself, all he needs is some courage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - Parenting stress and general health:a research on the relation between parenting stress and general health among housewife-mothers and nurse-mothers with young children
Parirokh Dadsetan Ali Ahmadi Azghandi Hamid Reza HassanabadiThis study aimed at testing a) the relationship between parenting stress and general health among the mothers with young children b) the employment buffer approach in a housewives who were selected randomly among MoreThis study aimed at testing a) the relationship between parenting stress and general health among the mothers with young children b) the employment buffer approach in a housewives who were selected randomly among mothers in the city of Rasht, responded to the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and then completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and a questionnaire including the statements for controlling some variables. There was a significant difference between parenting stress levels of both groups, but the difference between general health rates of both groups was not significant. However, the difference between the groups in depression sub-scale was significant. Analysis of multiple regression indicated that the main effect of parenting stress and the interaction effect of employment and parenting stress on general health were significant. But, the employment did not have a significant effect on general health. Results showed that employment, even in such stressful profession as nursing, moderates the negative effect of parenting stress on mothers’ health. Findings explain the harmful psychological and physical consequences of parenting stress and the importance of the stress experienced by mothers of young children. Findings also emphasize a need for planning supportive and preventive programs for mothers who experience job stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - Design and Validation of Business Intelligence Model Based on Ambidexterity Approach
Massoud Sirati Sajjad Shokuhyar Ali Rezaeian -
Open Access Article
348 - Genotyping of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from nosocomial infections by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST)
Sara Rafiee Elahe Tajbakhsh Hassan MomtazBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the main causes of urinary tract infections and second cause of respiratory infections in human. The aim of this study was genotyping S. epidermidis strains isolated from nosocomial infections and detecti MoreBackground & Objectives: Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the main causes of urinary tract infections and second cause of respiratory infections in human. The aim of this study was genotyping S. epidermidis strains isolated from nosocomial infections and detection of genetic clones using Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) method. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 16 S. epidermidis isolates were selected and PCR products from amplification of seven housekeeping genes were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences of each gene in each isolate were analyzed in the MLST database and, besides identifying different clones, gene - specific alleles in each sequence types (ST) were determined. Results: A total of 3 clones including ST22, ST88 and ST153 were identified from 16 isolates, which was classified into two gene clusters of A and B. ST22 clone with a frequency of 50%, ST88 with 31.25% and ST153 with 18.75% were identified. The most dominant S. epidermidis clone isolated in 16 isolates is ST22. Conclusion: Dendrogram analysis of the isolates showed the homology of all isolates to alleles previously reported. Furthermore, our results suggest the genetic diversity of the isolates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - Molecular typing of the Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from blood infections using Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST)
Zohreh Mohammadi Hassan MomtazBackground & Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that is widely distributed in nature and considered as one of the important causes of hospital infections. The present study was conducted to genotype Acinetobacter baumannii strains i MoreBackground & Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative coccobacillus that is widely distributed in nature and considered as one of the important causes of hospital infections. The present study was conducted to genotype Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from blood infections using Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) method. Materials & Methods: A total of 36 Acinetobacter baumannii strains were isolated from blood infection samples collected from Baqiatalah and Payambaran hospitals, Tehran, Iran. The PCR products obtained from amplification of seven housekeeping genes were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences of each gene in each isolate were queried against the reference sequence in the MLST database. In addition to characterization of the alleles specific to each gene, thesequence types (ST) of all isolates were determined. Results: A total of 5 clones including ST25, ST136, ST307, ST327, and ST328 were identified in 36 isolates. ST of 2 isolates were not identified in MLST database. The identified STs were placed into 5 genetic clusters including A, B, C, D, and E. Conclusion: Identifying an acceptable level of genetic diversity among the isolates using MLST technique shows that this method is useful for studying and typing of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Therefore, it is possible to cluster isolates with diverse origins in different groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - Analysis of Applied Different Strategies in Two Persian Translations of Dubliners with Respect to House’s Model
Akram HashemiThe book Dubliners, by James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, poet and literary critic, translated into Persian by several translators, this paper focus on Mr. Parviz Darush and Nader Sheikh Zadegan, whose transla MoreThe book Dubliners, by James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, poet and literary critic, translated into Persian by several translators, this paper focus on Mr. Parviz Darush and Nader Sheikh Zadegan, whose translations are analyzed qualitatively and descriptively in this article. This book contains 15 stories. In short, Evelin's story is based on House's theory, which is a qualitative model for evaluating the quality of translation. In this part, Mr. Darush translated literally and did not pay attention to the new words.It is the same in other parts. The tone and style of Parviz Dariush is old and the words he used are not for the present time, but they were translated by Sheikh Zadegan .In general, in the translation of books with short stories translated in the style that these cases have been described in different places by Mr. Dariush. Because writing in this way has a smooth tone and it seems and even some parts of the text have not been translated. While.Mr. Sheikh Zadegan used the method of sense and hidden meaning, which means creating sense and meaning for translation, while Mr. Darush used open translation and tried to translate literally. In this article, by presenting examples of stories in the book cheek and explain the ways of using House’s theory strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - Household Fuels Use and Related Environmental Policy options (A Case Study of Iran)
Jamshid Pajooyan Marjan DamankeshideEnvironmental taxes, so called Pigouian or Green tax, are considered as a policy instrument to control pollution. Green taxes are a sort of levies on expenditure and used by government as a fiscal policy tool to prevent pollution activities of any economic agents .in co MoreEnvironmental taxes, so called Pigouian or Green tax, are considered as a policy instrument to control pollution. Green taxes are a sort of levies on expenditure and used by government as a fiscal policy tool to prevent pollution activities of any economic agents .in contrast to direct and indirect taxes, Green tax has more advantages, for it can provide revenue for government and also can mitigate the negative effect of externalities. As such it renders a two-sided effect on efficiency ground. Towards this ends, the Rotterdam demand system was applied to this study. The findings of this paper indicate that the adoption of green tax policy would encourage the household to substitute other sources of clean energy for fuels use (oil and gas) and hence contribute to environment protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Effects of Drought Stress and Mycorrhiza on Viability and Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam.
Reyhaneh Azimi gholam Ali Heshmati Mohammad Kia Kianian -
Open Access Article
353 - Treatments for the Optimization of Salsola turcomanica (Litv) Seed Germination and the Effects of Different Drought and Salinity Levels
Armin Arrekhi Hamid Niknahad Gharmakher Johann Bachinger Ralf Bloch -
Open Access Article
354 - Greenhouse Gas Emissions as Impacted by Topography and Vegetation Cover in Wooded Grasslands of Laikipia County, Kenya
Janeth Chepkemoi Richard Onwonga Richard Nyankanga Angela Gitau -
Open Access Article
355 - Effects of Grazing Management on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Southern Rangelands of Kenya
Hillary Rotich Oscar Koech Richard Onwonga Judith Mbau -
Open Access Article
356 - Capability Investigation of Carbon Sequestration in Two Species (Artemisia sieberi Besser and Stipa barbata Desf.) Under Different Treatments of Vegetation Management (Saveh, Iran)
M. Alizadeh M. Mahdavi M. H. Jouri -
Open Access Article
357 - The effectiveness of positive psychology training on perceived support and self-criticism in women heads of households
Fatemeh Torkashvand Fatemeh Sadat Zahedi Mahshid izadiThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychology training on perceived social support and self-criticism in women heads of households. Materials and methods: The method of this research is semi-experimental. The statistical popula MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychology training on perceived social support and self-criticism in women heads of households. Materials and methods: The method of this research is semi-experimental. The statistical population of this research includes all female heads of households in District 6 of Mashhad city, whose number is equal to 250 people. The sample of the present study includes 30 women heads of households who were selected voluntarily and available and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The training group was trained and after the completion of the sessions and 2 months after the training, both groups answered the questionnaires. To measure the variables, Zimet et al.'s perceived social support questionnaires (1988) and Thompson and Zurov's (2004) self-criticism level scale have been used. Findings: The findings show that positive psychology training was effective on the perceived social support and self-criticism of female household heads (P<0.05). Discussion: From the findings of this research, it can be concluded that positive psychology training can reduce self-criticism and increase perceived social support in women, as a result, it can improve quality of life, life satisfaction, and mental and psychological well-being. increase in these people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - Investigating the improvement of post-traumatic stress disorder and historical memory using cognitive therapy based on mindfulness (a sample study of housewives in Kermanshah)
Mohammadreza Rasoolitabar Saeideh sadat HoseiniBackground and purpose: One of the main psychological processes associated with post-traumatic stress disorder is historical memory, and its main symptom is unwanted reminders of the accident. Among the therapeutic methods in improving these disorders are meditation and MoreBackground and purpose: One of the main psychological processes associated with post-traumatic stress disorder is historical memory, and its main symptom is unwanted reminders of the accident. Among the therapeutic methods in improving these disorders are meditation and mindfulness exercises that lead to increasing the ability of self-awareness and self-acceptance in patients. The present study was conducted with the aim of the role of mindfulness therapy in improving post-traumatic stress disorder and historical memory in Kermanshah housewives who suffered stress after the earthquake. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental and using two experimental and control groups, with a pre-test-post-test design. Sampling method was available voluntarily with a sample size of 30 people and they were divided into two experimental and control groups by a simple random method. Data collection tools included Williams and Broadbent's (1986) Revised Event Impact Scale and an interview and autobiographical memory test. The experimental group was trained in mindfulness therapy in eight sessions. Findings: The findings showed that mindfulness therapy had a positive and significant effect in improving post-traumatic stress disorder and its subscales, as well as in improving historical memory. Conclusion: The general results of the research showed that mindfulness therapy is a suitable method for improving post-traumatic stress disorder and historical memory of earthquake-affected women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - Predict of Happiness Based on Resilient Components Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System in Female-headed households
Parastoo Afarinandeh Shima ParandinFemale-headed households have many physical and mental problems. Today, methods of mathematical computing can be used as reliable tool for predicting individuals' psychological problems. Targeting and optimism about the future are important components of resiliency that MoreFemale-headed households have many physical and mental problems. Today, methods of mathematical computing can be used as reliable tool for predicting individuals' psychological problems. Targeting and optimism about the future are important components of resiliency that affect women's happiness. Happiness and consequently depression in female-headed households is a disease so it needs to be identified and predicted. The aim of this study was to predict happiness in female-headed based on resiliency components using ANFIS. In this study, the measuring instrument was the Conner and Davidson Resiliency and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. The statistical population included 50 female-headed households. The mean happiness and resiliency in female-headed households was 39.8 and 40.26, respectively. After evaluating the models, the final model of happiness prediction based on resiliency components was used. Based on the results, the correlation between resiliency level and happiness of female head was 0.96. The results showed that increasing resiliency in the Female-headed households had a direct and significant effect on their happiness. Based on the results of the high accuracy 0.94 in the final model, fuzzy neural networks can be used well and accurately to predict the level of happiness of Female-headed households, especially at the level of their depression risk. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - The mediating role of Alexitymia in the relationship between coping strategies with psychological and social capital of female-headed households: A model of structural equations
Fahime Ghashghaei Ali Delavar Javad Khalatbari Abdollah ShafiabadiThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of Alexitymia in the relationship between coping strategies with psychological and social capital of female-headed households.The present study was a descriptive correlational study based on structural equation MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of Alexitymia in the relationship between coping strategies with psychological and social capital of female-headed households.The present study was a descriptive correlational study based on structural equations.The study population was female-headed welfare in July-September2017,firstsampling was done as a relative classification of Shemiranat, Shahriarshahr,eastTehran,then sampling was done by purposeful method.The sample size according to the number of research variables was considered to be 300 people. Lutans Psychological Capital(PCQ);Bolen Social Capital(SC-IQ).Toronto Emotional Disorder(TAS).Data were analyzed using SPSS and SMARTPLS-3 software to estimate model parameters.The results showed that the model had a good fit and although the direct and indirect effects of predictor and mediator variables on property variables(coping strategy)were significant,but this relationship was not significant with all components of coping strategies.Conclusion:Direct relationship between psychological capital And social and strategies No significant boudoir confrontation The relationship between psychological capital and a significant problem-solving strategy was not identified.In addition,although the indirect relationship between psychological social capital with the mediation of emotional malaise and coping strategies was significant,but with the strategic components of emotion and social support, this relationship was not shown to be significant.Keywords:structural model, psychological capital, capital Social problems, Alexitymia, female-headed households Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - The effectiveness of positive psychology training on perceived and critical self-support in female-headed households
fatemeh torkashvand fatemehsadat zahedi Mahshid izadiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychology training on perceived social and self-critical support in female-headed households. Materials and Methods: The method of this study is quasi-experimental. There are 250 of them. The sa MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychology training on perceived social and self-critical support in female-headed households. Materials and Methods: The method of this study is quasi-experimental. There are 250 of them. The sample of the present study includes 30 female-headed households who were selected voluntarily and available and were randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The training group was trained and after the sessions and 2 months after training both groups. They answered the questionnaires. Perceived social support questionnaires of Zimet et al. (1988) and Thompson and Zoroff (2004) self-critical levels scale were used to measure the variables. Results: The results show that positive psychology training on perceived social support. And self-criticism of female-headed households was effective (P <0.05). Discussion: From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that positive psychology education can reduce self-criticism and increase perceived social support in women. The result can increase the quality of life, life satisfaction and mental and psychological well-being in these people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - Synchronizing of Smart Homes in Microgrids using Whale Optimization Algorithm
Farhad Nourozi Navid Ghardash khaniThe household energy management system (HEMS) can optimally schedule home appliances for transferring loads from peak to off-peak times. Consumers of smart houses have HEM, renewable energy sources and storage systems to reduce the bill. In this article, a new HEM model MoreThe household energy management system (HEMS) can optimally schedule home appliances for transferring loads from peak to off-peak times. Consumers of smart houses have HEM, renewable energy sources and storage systems to reduce the bill. In this article, a new HEM model based on the time of usage pricing planning with renewable energy systems is proposed to use the energy more efficiently. The new meta-heuristic whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and the common meta-heuristic of particle swarm optimization (PSO) are used to achieve that. To improve the performance, a mapping chaos theory (CWOA) is proposed. Also, an independent solar energy source is used as a support of the microgrid to achieve a better performance. It is concluded that the energy saving achieved by the proposed algorithm is able to decrease the electricity bill by about 40-50% rather than the WOA and PSO methods. The proposed system is simulated in MATLAB environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - Armenian women's employment effect on family relationships in Tehran
Seyed Yagob Mousavi adineh adibAbstract The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Armenian women's work on their families in Tehran. The present research is based on the purpose of this study. The study was a cross-sectional and research-based method. The statistical population MoreAbstract The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Armenian women's work on their families in Tehran. The present research is based on the purpose of this study. The study was a cross-sectional and research-based method. The statistical population of this study was 120 women employed by married Armenians living in Tehran. Data were collected using a randomized snowball method. Data were collected using a questionnaire. . Its content was estimated by content validity method and its reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 73%. The results showed that there is a relationship between type of employment, income level and employment incentives with type of relationships, homework and power model. There is a positive relationship between financial motivation and doing housework, but with a kind of relationships and a weak relationship between empowerment, between social motivation and relationships, and a weakly correlated power pattern, but with negative family work, between personality motivation and relationship types Weak, but there is a negative relationship with doing household work, but there is a positive relationship with the pattern of power. The presence of statistics indicates that Armenian women working in family responsibilities are at the forefront of any incentive in their lives. Keywords: Employed women Armenians, relationships in the family, housework, pattern of power Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Comparison of social support, coping and family emotional climate and non-sponsored female-headed households in Shiraz
sousan sahami Amaneh GolipoorThe aims of paper was comparison of social support, coping and family emotional climate and non-sponsored female-headed households in Shiraz. Research method was causal-comparative that study sample consisted of 107 households and 107 non-sponsored households. The instr MoreThe aims of paper was comparison of social support, coping and family emotional climate and non-sponsored female-headed households in Shiraz. Research method was causal-comparative that study sample consisted of 107 households and 107 non-sponsored households. The instrument used for data collection were includes social support scale Phillips (PSSI), Coping Inventory For Stressful Situation (CISS) and family emotional climate questionnaire Bern (BFECQ), respectively. Descriptive and explanation statistical methods were used, including multivariate analysis of variance (MANVOA) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Analyzes were performed using software (SPSS) version 21 for data analysis. Findings showed that except emotional coping style, the scores mean of women heads of household under is higher the of women non-sponsored households. Findings showed that are different in between sponsored female-headed households and non-sponsored households in Shiraz in terms of subscales of social support (family, friends and others support), subscales of coping styles (task oriented, emotion oriented, avoiding oriented coping) and emotional family climate (father-son and mother-child climate) at level of p < 0/001. When women heads of households, institutions sponsored the study says, comfort and become more relaxed, less attachment and can spend more warmth and intimacy of their family and their children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - The Study of Relationship Between Religiosity and Social Health of Female Headed Households in Rasht
ghorbanali atefi henzeni alie Shekarbeigi omid aliahmadiReligiosity is a fundamental factor in socialization and intellectual coherence, practicality and orientation in solving problems and phenomena and social issues, and thus a factor in improving the social health of individuals. Regarding the importance of the discussion MoreReligiosity is a fundamental factor in socialization and intellectual coherence, practicality and orientation in solving problems and phenomena and social issues, and thus a factor in improving the social health of individuals. Regarding the importance of the discussion of social health, the present study uses a field method, scanning technique, questionnaire tool, and SPSS and Smart PLS software to answer the main question. Whether between different dimensions of religiosity and social health Is there a relationship between the female head of household in Rasht? The statistical population of the present study is female head of household in Rasht, whose number is 26000 according to the latest statistics. The results of the research indicate that between the total amount of religiosity (0.33) and its dimensions, the consequences dimension (P=0.22), religious dimension (P=0.39), belief dimension (P=0.36) There is a positive, direct, and meaningful correlation between social and economic factors (P=0.25) and cognitive dimension (P=0.34). Therefore, all research hypotheses are rejected. The results of the Smart PLS structural equation model also showed that the total effect of the independent variable religiosity on the social health of female head of household is 0.57. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Investigation of socio-cultural factors affecting the physical transformation of the house according to the change of lifestyle in the contemporary era (case example: contemporary houses in Tabriz)*
Farnaz Asgari sahar toofan Lida Belilan AslGenerally architecture can be considered as a dress of life size, and naturally a dress should be provided accordingly proportionate with any quality of life. Therefore, it should be expected the quality of architecture undergoes shifts in accordance to the quality of l MoreGenerally architecture can be considered as a dress of life size, and naturally a dress should be provided accordingly proportionate with any quality of life. Therefore, it should be expected the quality of architecture undergoes shifts in accordance to the quality of life change. Transformation in lifestyle during different historical periods and the direct relationship in the forms of housing provide the possibility of investigating the impacts on the house in different historical periods. This research aims at studying the effective factors on the change of the spatial organization in Tabriz houses through the study of the lifestyle change in the contemporary era. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The first part of the research deals with library studies, review of literature, and the second part is related to the field studies and examining the samples in Tabriz from the early revolution and contemporary periods. Finally, the data obtained from interviews and questionnaires that determine the impact of lifestyle on physical structure. The results showed that lifestyle change has a direct impact on the structure of the houses and lack of knowledge and studies in this field has caused that the houses are not suitable for the users' lives in recent years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Investigating the Cultural and Social Effects of the Transition from Tradition to Modernity on the Physical Structure of Historical Houses in Tabriz
leyla firouzfar Mir Saeed Moosavi nima valizadeh Asadollah ShafizadehThe house, as one of the most important types of buildings, has always been a platform for social and cultural changes, and an important part of society's developments can be seen in it. From the end of the Qajar period and the beginning of the Pahlavi period, the archi MoreThe house, as one of the most important types of buildings, has always been a platform for social and cultural changes, and an important part of society's developments can be seen in it. From the end of the Qajar period and the beginning of the Pahlavi period, the architecture of houses in most cities, including Tabriz, was affected by social and cultural developments. Considering that most of the historical houses in Tabriz belong to the late Qajar and Pahlavi period, which coincides with the transition from tradition to modernity in Iran. In this research, the effectiveness of this transition on the evolution of the structure of houses was investigated from the perspective of architects. For this purpose, a questionnaire to measure the degree of impact (transition from tradition to modernity) in three components of historical houses of Tabriz, including spatial relationships, interior decorations and the main facade, has been prepared in the form of a five-point Likert spectrum and is available to architectural experts who have sufficient of this period were placed. The results show that there is a relatively significant relationship with the index of interior decorations in the course of this process. In the index of spatial relationships, a significant change is evident in the buildings leading to the first side, and in the third index of the main view of these buildings, no specific meaningful relationship is seen. What is worthy of consideration in this evolution is the greatest impact on the area of the arenas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - An Investigation of the Effects of Reusing Traditional Houses as Schools of Architecture on Students and the Local People (Case Study : Traditional Houses in Ardabil)
Mahsa Javadi Nodeh Azadeh ShahcheragiUsing traditional houses as schools of architecture is based on sustainable multi-dimensional concepts. Reusing these houses can affect the quality of life of the people living in historical textures as well as the experiences of the users of those spaces. Appropriate l MoreUsing traditional houses as schools of architecture is based on sustainable multi-dimensional concepts. Reusing these houses can affect the quality of life of the people living in historical textures as well as the experiences of the users of those spaces. Appropriate learning environments can leave positive effects on the education of the students of architecture.However, these beneficiaries have not been considered in the related processes and the effects of their needs on different aspects of changing the use class of these houses have not been evaluated. Therefore, in the present study, the effective criteria in reusing traditional houses as schools of architecture were evaluated from the viewpoints of the people living in the historical texture and the students of architecture so as to determine the effects of these criteria on the education of the students and the quality of life of the local residents.The traditional houses located in Uch-Dokan Neighborhood were propounded by the experts for these purposes.The houses in this neighborhood were investigated using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods.A questionnaire validated by Cronbach’s α was used to evaluate operational research patterns. Also, considering the normal distribution of the main variables, both descriptive and inferential statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to determine the relationship between the purposes of the beneficiaries and the variables of the study from the viewpoints of the students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University and the residents of Uch-Dokan Neighborhood. The results indicated that from the viewpoints of the students, attending to perceptual dimensions (aesthetics, belonging...) was the most effective factor on their education when using the traditional houses as schools of architecture. From the viewpoints of the residents, functional dimensions (social and cultural activities..) were found to have the highest correlation with their quality of life and vitality in the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Two-Warehouse Inventory Model for Deteriorating Items with Time-Dependent Demand and Partial Backlogging Under Inflation
Sanjay Singh Seema Sharma Shiv Pundir -
Open Access Article
370 - Comparison of energy indices and CO2 greenhouse gas emission in irrigated and rainfed canola in northern region of Iran
Ali Motavali Saleh YasorEnergy consumption and global warming and followed by climate change from by human activity that has been noticed a lot of research. This study investigates the energy consumption and CO2 greenhouse gas emissions in production of irrigated and rainfed canola (Brassica n MoreEnergy consumption and global warming and followed by climate change from by human activity that has been noticed a lot of research. This study investigates the energy consumption and CO2 greenhouse gas emissions in production of irrigated and rainfed canola (Brassica napus) in northern region of Iran and output energy indices were estimated. Data were collected from farmers in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces by random sampling method in years 2016. The results of the study showed that input energy in rainfed farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 29.49 and 28.77 GJ/h and input energy in irrigated farming in Mazandaran and Golestan was 33.52 and 34.10 GJ/ha was calculated. The energy output was calculated in raidfed farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 88.4 and 90.3 GJ/h and output energy in irrigated Farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 82.27 and 82.25 GJ/ha. The highest and lowest value of energy ratio was obtained in production of canola 3.07 and 2.41 in rainfed and irrigated in Golestan province, respectively. Also the rate of production Co2 greenhouse gas was calculated in rainfed farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 41715.04 kg/ha and 39968.60 kg/ha and reat of production CO2 greenhouse gas in irrigated farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 46180.11 and 45011.62 kg/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Sustainability assessment of greenhouses systems with in Sistan and Baluchestan province
Mohammad Reza Rafiei Ahmad Ghanbari Mohammadreza Asgharipour Baratali FakheriThe aim of this study was to compile composite indicators for quantifying the agro-ecological and socio-economical sustainability of greenhouse production in Sistan and Baluchestan. Data were collected from 400 greenhouse systems at four different regions using a face-t MoreThe aim of this study was to compile composite indicators for quantifying the agro-ecological and socio-economical sustainability of greenhouse production in Sistan and Baluchestan. Data were collected from 400 greenhouse systems at four different regions using a face-to-face questionnaire during 2014. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran method. Four surveyed regions included Sistan, Zahedan, and central region of the province covering Khash, Saravan, Mirjaveh and southern region of the province covering Nikshahr, Iranshahr and Sarbaz. Average score of sustainability index in greenhouse system was 59.8. The results of step by step regression progressive showed that the most important factors determining the sustainability index in the systems were; economic efficiency of water, type of greenhouse ownership, costs of fertilizer, source of water supply, neighboring owner living and technicians education of owner with the coefficient regression of 0.022, 1.292, 0.850, 0.004, 0.720 and 1.94, respectively. The study of critical points revealed that correct management of greenhouses, employing certified technical experts and introducing and implementing modern technology to mechanize the greenhouse equipment will be lead to sustainable greenhouse and crop yield increasing in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Household Risk Preparation in Iran
farzam sajjadieh moloud jafariIn this article, the analysis and calculation of the Household Risk Preparation in Iran during 2000-2021 was discussed. For this purpose, following Foa (2014), four main components of the said index, including the household's access to financial resources, social suppor MoreIn this article, the analysis and calculation of the Household Risk Preparation in Iran during 2000-2021 was discussed. For this purpose, following Foa (2014), four main components of the said index, including the household's access to financial resources, social support, human capital, and the economic capacity of the government, were considered. According to the conditions of Iran and the available data, Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP) and the index of Strength of Legal Rights as components of household access to financial resources, the number of workers with wages and salaries and the amount of compensation payments to employees as components of social protection, average year Education and measles vaccination rate were considered as components of human capital, government debts and access to advanced health facilities as components of economic capacity of the government.The principal component analysis (PCA) method was used to weight the constituent components of the index. The results indicated that compensation payments to employees had the most weight and the number of workers with wages and salaries had the least weight in forming the index. Other variables affecting the index, in order of estimated weight, are Domestic credit to private sector, measles vaccination rate, the level of access to advanced health facilities, government debts, and the strength of legal rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Effect of Income Inequality on Consumption Expenditure Inequality in Iran, 1982-2007
M.H. Fotros R. MaaboudiOn the basis of macroeconomic consumption theories, consumption behavior as compared to income is more stable. Overtime income inequality that is, appeared as fluctuation and dispersion in income, would affect consumption expenditure. In this paper the extent of consump MoreOn the basis of macroeconomic consumption theories, consumption behavior as compared to income is more stable. Overtime income inequality that is, appeared as fluctuation and dispersion in income, would affect consumption expenditure. In this paper the extent of consumption expenditure inequality that are caused by income fluctuation and dispersion was analyzed. The inequalitiesof household consumption expenditure were analyzed for eight goods and services categories. Urban household budget panel data for the years of 1982 to 2007 were used and causal relationship between the variables analyzed. The results showed that not all of the fluctuation and dispersion in income were transferred to consumption expenditure. Therefore, consumption expenditure was less dispersed than income. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Evaluation of Energy Efficiency, Emission of Greenhouse Gases and Production Function in Olive (Olea europaea) Production in Ilam Province, Iran
MEYSAM MORADI ABBAS MALEKI SADEGH BAHAMIN SHOHREH AZIZI SHAMILA ROUHANI SARA BEIGZADEH -
Open Access Article
375 - Evaluation of fluoride concentration at inlet and outlet household water treatment systems and bottled water distributive high consumption Ardabil city, Iran
Zahra Poorakbar Amir Hosein Mahvi Hadi Sadeghi Mehdi Vosoughi S.Ahmad Mokhtari Abdollah Dargahi -
Open Access Article
376 - Investigation of the Prevalence of Dicrocolium dendriticum Infection in Sheep and Goat s in Slaughterhouses of Najafabad and Lanjan in Isfahan Province and Evaluation of Its Pathologic Lesions in the Liver
H. Saboktakin Y. Pirali E. MoghtadaieeDicloleosis is the common disease among ruminants that is caused by different dicrocolemia species. This parasite is observed in the bile duct and gallblader of the ruminants and randomly in humans. The economic and veterinary significance of Dicrocoelium is due to its MoreDicloleosis is the common disease among ruminants that is caused by different dicrocolemia species. This parasite is observed in the bile duct and gallblader of the ruminants and randomly in humans. The economic and veterinary significance of Dicrocoelium is due to its direct damage to the liver, resulting in the loss of significant amounts of valuable protein substances from human diets due to the elimination of contaminated liver in slaughterhouses. The intermediate hosts of this parasite are earthworms (the first hosts) and ant Formaica (the second host). In order to investigate the prevalence of Dicrocoelium dendriticum infection in sheep and goat in slaughterhouses of Lenjan and Najafabad for four seasons (autumn-winter, spring and summer) of 131521 sheep livers and 19672 goat livers inspected in Najafabad slaughterhouse, 4660 and 193 sheep and goat livers were infected by dicorrosilum parasites. moreover, of 45713 sheep livers and 3726 goat livers inspected in the Lanjan slaughterhouse, 4281 and 72 sheep and goat livers were infected by Dicrocoelium parasite, respectively. A total of 30 infected liver samples were collected for histopathologic studies and then they were examined after lamination and staining with hematoxylin and eosin method. As a result of liver infections, liver tissue destruction, enlarged connective tissue, bile duct hyperplasia, formation of granuloma, liver tissue necrosis, presence of inflammatory cells in tissue and calcification were observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - The Wastewater Quality of the Combined Cycle Power Plant of Montazer Ghaem for Re-using In Agriculture
Marjan Seyed Mousavi Keivan Saeb -
Open Access Article
378 - An Evaluation Of Ecological Solutions Based On Energy Efficiency In The Vernacular Architecture Of Ardabil
mahsa javadi nodeh azadeh shahcheraghi alireza andalib -
Open Access Article
379 - Determining heavy metal and developing model for concentration in the feathers of house sparrow (Ni, Pb,Cd) in Tehran
shahrzad khoram nejadian ana esmaili saeedreza asemi bahman Shams-Esfandabad -
Open Access Article
380 - Investigating the Originality Aspects of the Decorations Used in Qajar Houses and Examining Its Effect on The Cultural Value of These Places (Case study: the houses of Imam Juma, Vosough al-Dawla and Mostofi al-Mamalik)
Amir hossein Zakerzadeh aniseh ghorbani niaPlaces clearly have values, one of which is cultural values. The decorative methods of Qajar houses had pure structural values with a realistic content in its own time. Not enough study has been carried out on the factors affecting the cultural value of these places, de MorePlaces clearly have values, one of which is cultural values. The decorative methods of Qajar houses had pure structural values with a realistic content in its own time. Not enough study has been carried out on the factors affecting the cultural value of these places, despite the great value of houses in the Qajar period. The purpose of this study was to investigate the aspects of the originality of Qajar period house decorations and their role in the cultural values of this valuable heritage. The present study is a descriptive-analytical survey. The research area is the houses of Imam Jomeh, Vosough Al-Dawlah and Mostofi Al-Mamalek in Tehran. Statistical population of research is visitors of selected houses and the sample size is 384 people. Data were collected by library and field method (researcher-made questionnaire) and analyzed using factor analysis and regression methods. The results showed that the special characteristics of the decoration of the architecture of the houses under study are carving, tiling, plastering, painting, brickwork, trainings, Mogharnas, mirror work, lambing, sash and knitting, sash and wooden masonry. aspects of the originality of the decorations used in these houses; are original, exceptional, referential and influential originality. Influential originality with a coefficient of 0.466, the most important aspect of originality and referential, exceptional and original originalities are in the next priorities, respectively. In general, it can be concluded that the cultural values of Qajar houses in Tehran have been influenced by the characteristic features and originality of the decorations used in these places. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
381 - A Comparative Study of the Impact of Cultural Changes on the Privacy at the Entrance of the Traditional Houses in the Qajar (Case: Traditional Houses of Qazvin)
farzaneh alimohamadi mohamadreza bemaian maedeh pourfath alahOne of the most important beliefs in the past was the home’s privacy and especially women hijab; that consider in the most private buildings such as homes. Entrance has been one of the most important parts of the house that considers the privacy of homes, hierarch MoreOne of the most important beliefs in the past was the home’s privacy and especially women hijab; that consider in the most private buildings such as homes. Entrance has been one of the most important parts of the house that considers the privacy of homes, hierarchy of entry was being done through a “Hashti” (vestibule), “Dallan” (hall), yard and “miandar” to the rooms that was the most private parts of the home. In this article Interpretive- historical method is the main method for research. Therefore, using library research tools, privacy problem studied in Entrance architecture of Iranian traditional houses. The field studies have been done on ten Iranian historical housesto retaining the entrance space privacy in entrance designing. finally five samples have been introduced as evidence in article. The results of this study shows that significant changes had happened in the entering to house that the most important features of them are; Removing some elements of confidentiality in entrance. Placement and construction of houses in the main street, which was not existed before the Qajar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - The House Decorations of Qajar Period and its Effect on Creating a Sense of Place (Case Study of the Houses of Mushir al-Dawla, Mu'tamun al-Atiba 'and Alam-al-Saltanah)
Amir hossein Zakerzadeh aniseh ghorbani niaThe historical houses of the Qajar period can be considered the valuable treasures of the history of ‎Iranian architecture. The splendor of Iranian architecture depends on its decorations, which are not ‎ineffective in creating a sense of place. Therefore, ident MoreThe historical houses of the Qajar period can be considered the valuable treasures of the history of ‎Iranian architecture. The splendor of Iranian architecture depends on its decorations, which are not ‎ineffective in creating a sense of place. Therefore, identifying the factors that affect the sense of place ‎is necessary and inevitable for it to improve. Hence, this study aimed to identify and explain the ‎decorations used in Qajar period houses and its effect on creating a sense of place in these houses by ‎descriptive-analytical method, and so a survey was conducted in Qajar period houses located in 12th ‎and 11th districts of Tehran. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The ‎collected data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis and regression. The results showed that ‎the architectural decorations of these houses; Bedding, brickwork, tiling, woodworking, sash and ‎sash weaving, metal decorations, mosaics and laminating. These decorations had a positive and ‎significant effect on the identity of the place with a coefficient (0.544), belonging to the place with a ‎coefficient (0.497), dependence on the place with a coefficient (0.286), and creating a sense of place ‎in these houses Has been effective (p <0.01). Therefore, it can be concluded that the decorations used ‎in these houses has played an important role in creating a sense of place in these houses by affecting ‎the identity, belonging and dependence on the place in the audience. Recognition of these factors in ‎heritage spaces is a way to preserve architecture.‎ Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - Measuring the Brightness of the General Architecture of Qajar Houses in Tabriz
Tala AliakbarzadeAhari asadollah shafizadeh Hassan Ebrahimy Asl Nima ValizadehThe residential area is one of the most fundamental and influential architectural spaces. As a result, addressing the issue of housing in terms of quality indicators is considered as a sensitive tool in housing research. One of the most important and effective indicator MoreThe residential area is one of the most fundamental and influential architectural spaces. As a result, addressing the issue of housing in terms of quality indicators is considered as a sensitive tool in housing research. One of the most important and effective indicators in improving the quality of housing is the amount of light in the space. After examining the traditional housing spaces of Iran and explaining the desirability of the presence of light in this space, this research has provided a model for modeling in contemporary housing design using the analysis of traditional housing utility indices. One of the results of this research is to present a model for use in contemporary housing so that the presence of quality light in this space can be experienced. In the discussion of the indicators of the usefulness of traditional houses, as well as the quality of contemporary houses, research has been done, but in terms of qualitative review of indicators and model presentation with an executive mechanism, this research is innovative. Students, professors, designers and executives and all activists in the field of design and architecture will benefit from the results of this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - An integrated fuzzy multiple objective decision framework to optimal fulfillment of engineering characteristics in quality function development
Arash Sharafi Masouleh Nasim Dadgar -
Open Access Article
385 - Investigation prevalence of Ectoparasites in stray and household dogs in Shahrekord
seyed reza hosseini Milad Hamzehali TehraniBackground: Ectoparasites play a very important role in the transmission of many types of pathogenic agents such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, etc., and for this reason, infestation with Ectoparasites can affect human and animal health. Objectives: Investigation prev MoreBackground: Ectoparasites play a very important role in the transmission of many types of pathogenic agents such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, etc., and for this reason, infestation with Ectoparasites can affect human and animal health. Objectives: Investigation prevalence of Ectoparasites in stray and household dogs in Shahrekord. Methods: 460 dog collars from April to September 2022 in terms of infestation with Ectoparasites and to investigate the relationship between infestation with these parasites and various factors related to age (<1, 1-3, >3 years). Sex (male or female), season, breed (indigenous or pure breed), place of residence (indoor or outdoor), body hair type (long or short), body hair color (dark or light), itching, ringworm, and the pattern of infestation It was checked. Results: a total of 460 dog collars were studied, 99 collars (21.54%) were infected with 9 types of ectoparasites. 48 collars (10.43%) were infected with Ctenocephalides canis and Pulex irritans fleas. Rhipicephalus turanicus, Sarcoptes scabiei, hippobosca longipennis, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus isolated from 14 (3.04%), 10 (2.17%), 10 (2.17%) and 9 (1.95%) dog collars, respectively became Infestation with Wohlphartia magnifica, Demodex canis, Otodectes cynotis, Haemaphysalis erinacei , and linognathus setosus in 9 (1.95%), 9 (1.95%), 3 (0.65%), 2 (0.43%). And 1 (0.21%) dog collar was observed. Conclusions: The frequency of infestation was relatively low compared to similar studies, but a high species diversity was seen in the infestation parasites. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - Individual housing effects on food intake behavior in mice
M.R Rahim nejhad وهاب Babapour Individual housing is known as powerful factor in making chronic stress and many researches have shown its relation with high risk of mortality and negative health consequences on human and other spices with social life from some complications like weight More Individual housing is known as powerful factor in making chronic stress and many researches have shown its relation with high risk of mortality and negative health consequences on human and other spices with social life from some complications like weight increasing diabetes,harmonic disorders.in this research,mice(14 male,14 female) divided into group and individually housed and the effects of 4 week individual housing on food intake in mice was considered by utilized food weighting.based on results,the received food in individual male and female mouse was less than group mouse as meaningful.individually housed male mice,in the 1 st &4th week have received less food in relation to group housed.but about food intake,individually housed female mice in the 1st &4th weeks,the result was similar to individual male mice and their taking rate food was less than group female mice as meaningful.received food rate of individually housed male mice was less than individually huosed female miceas meaningful that shows more effect of individual life on male mice.more researches are suggested to recognize mechanisms and also prevented methods,phamaceutical & non-pharmaceutical treatments,complications from individual houseing and social isolation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - Seroprevalence of canine dirofilaria immitis in sarab district
مجید KAnmohammadi dirofilaria immitis is one of the important parasites in blood circulation which results in severe cardiopulmonary symptoms in dogs.as this parasite is a zoonotic one,a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 384 sheep dogs and watchdogs in order to h More dirofilaria immitis is one of the important parasites in blood circulation which results in severe cardiopulmonary symptoms in dogs.as this parasite is a zoonotic one,a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 384 sheep dogs and watchdogs in order to have a promary study on existence of dirofilaria immitis and its prevalence is sarab regoin.serums were tested using Elisa method.serologic out break of dirofilaria immitis was determined 13.5%(52.384).the highesr selorogic outbreak of dirofilaria immitis in dogs with the age of 4-6 was 21.7%(37.170),and the lowest prevalence in dogs with the age of 0-2 was 5.5%(7.126).seroprevalence in male dogs was 14.3%(44.306)and in female dogs was 10.2%(8.78).the highest rate of prevalence was 48.14%(13.27) in Jaldeh baghan village and the lowest prevalence was 2.8%(2.70) in Asbforoushan village.statistical results showed no significant relationship between prevalence,gender,race and housing of dogs in,but the rate of prevalence increases by the age.this study showed that according to three reports from East Azerbaijan and Ardabil provences,these regoins are among the most contaminated regions with dirofilaria immitis in Iran and presence of microfiller dirofilaria immitis in the blood of digs can be one of the important factors in epidemiology of this parasite.dogs with the age of 2 years and above,especially watchdogs tested in this study,must treat with proper medicines and microfiller-killers to reduce the prevalence of this filler.considering the two reports regarding the probability of prevalence of human with parasite in Iran,the aspect of zoonotic prevalence and the hygienic importance,should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - The study of the reasons of the keeping the liver and lungs of slaughtered sheep and goats in Ghachsaran slaughterhouse
O. Ghasemian Karyak, A. Abbasi- Hormozi,Hydatid cyst and fasciolosis are zoonotic diseases without a specifc clinical sign. Final diagnosis in animals can be made only by necropsy and post mortem insepction. Undoubtedly, hygiene of slaughterhouses has upstanding correlation with Community hygiene and health MoreHydatid cyst and fasciolosis are zoonotic diseases without a specifc clinical sign. Final diagnosis in animals can be made only by necropsy and post mortem insepction. Undoubtedly, hygiene of slaughterhouses has upstanding correlation with Community hygiene and health, fewer no attentions to this subject will follow more hazards to the people of society. Total liver and lungs of the slaughtered Sheep and goats in Gachsaran slaughterhouse were studied .Overall 3082 of sheep cases and 7873 goat cases slaughtered in summer season. A total of 11753 of liver and lung studied, 1153 samples deleted and out of consume cycle. The results showed that liver of sheep and goat infected (9.99% Fasciola, 6.20% hydatid cyst, abscess 3.46%); (9.27% Fasciol ,9.60% hydatid cyst, 3.91% abscess) respectively, (12.86% Pnemonia and permia, 4/96% hydatid cyst, 5.81% abscess); (16.98% pnemonia and permia, 4.76% hydatid cyst, 12.14% abscess) obtanined in lung of sheep and goats respectively. As a conclusion, so more attention of related control organizations seems to be needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - Solutions to reduce energy consumption and design compatible with the climate in Hamedan city based on the architecture of traditional houses of the Qajar period
Alireza Noorian Sara ZohariToday, the energy crisis and environmental pollution have become one of the major challenges in the world. One of the ways to reduce environmental pollution is to model native architecture and its solutions in accordance with the climate. The present article deals with MoreToday, the energy crisis and environmental pollution have become one of the major challenges in the world. One of the ways to reduce environmental pollution is to model native architecture and its solutions in accordance with the climate. The present article deals with the physical system of native housing in the climatic context and how the special climate of this region affects the external body and spatial organization planning of housing. The purpose of this research is to find out the climatic solutions used in these houses and to explain them in the form of climatic design components in Hamadan city. For this purpose, the question is raised, how effective is the shape of Hamedan's traditional houses on the use of renewable energy? The research method is analytical-descriptive along with case study and simulation. Examining 30 examples of native houses in Hamedan shows that there are similar patterns in most of them. First, these patterns are explained, and then, in order to check the compatibility of these elements and methods with the region's climate, three examples of traditional houses in Hamedan city, which include one example of each type, were selected and designed by Design Builder software in terms of The body and the response rate to the climate are analyzed. Examining the components of ventilation, light, energy loss and the need for cooling and heating shows that the architecture of traditional houses in Hamadan in terms of form, orientation, level of openings, proportions of the yard and many other things are largely in accordance with the climate of the region. has it. In the following, the climatic patterns in the houses are extracted and design instructions are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - Effect of Bio-stimulator Fosnutren and Humiforte on some morphophysiological and phytochemical traits of Garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) under water deficit
Elham Danaee Vahid AbdossiWater stress is one of the most important environmental factors limiting the growth and yield of plants, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Bio-stimulants are biological substances that stimulate metabolism and metabolic processes to increase plant efficiency. To MoreWater stress is one of the most important environmental factors limiting the growth and yield of plants, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Bio-stimulants are biological substances that stimulate metabolism and metabolic processes to increase plant efficiency. To investigate the effects of low water stress and bio-stimulants of Fosnutren and Humiforte on some morphophysiological and phytochemical traits of thyme, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with 12 treatments and 3 replications in 2020 performed in greenhouse conditions. Therefore, the seedlings obtained from seed cultivation after two weeks of transfer to the pot, were exposed to dehydration stress treatments (25, 50, 75 and 100% of field capacity). Foliar application of plants with Fosnutren and Humiforte (5 ml) was performed three times and once every 15 days. The desired traits were evaluated 15 days after the last treatments. The results showed that increasing the levels of low water stress (25 and 50% of field capacity) caused a significant decrease in growth indices, chlorophyll content, total antioxidant percentage and essential oils and increase in proline content. Simultaneous treatment of drought and bio-stimulants of Fosnutren and humiforte with significantly reduced oxidative stress due to dehydration improved the evaluated traits except the amount of proline. The highest percentage of essential oil (2.34%) in Fosnutren foliar spraying and was obtained at 75% field capacity. In general, foliar application of Fosnutren and Humiforte reduced the negative effects of dehydration in thyme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - Analyzing and Prioritizing Effective Indicators to Modernize Historic Houses in Mashhad City through a Hierarchical Approach
Tina Farahbod Mohsen Tabassi sanaz Saeidi mofrad Vahid AhmadiOne of the challenging issues in countries with a historical background such as Iran is how to properly deal with the valuable heritage of the past, which should be properly passed on to future generations. In the meantime, the architecture and especially the special fu MoreOne of the challenging issues in countries with a historical background such as Iran is how to properly deal with the valuable heritage of the past, which should be properly passed on to future generations. In the meantime, the architecture and especially the special function of traditional houses is much more important than other historical buildings and according to the existing conditions, it requires that by creating special spaces, understanding the relationships between spaces and contemporizing them, suitable and up-to-date uses should be given to the buildings. Therefore, to analyze this issue, the historical houses of Mashhad were selected to answer the research questions with a survey and descriptive-analytical method and collect data in the form of Delphi and questionnaires and use the multi-criteria evaluation method (MCDM) based on the analysis hierarchy process (AHP) and used the Expert Choeis software. The findings of the research show that, in order of importance, recognition of the effect and examination of the spatial condition of the sub-spaces of historical houses in the intervention stage with a weight of 0.302 has been selected as the best component in choosing the option for developing the proposed model and the component of following the written principles of protection according to the restoration charters with a weight of 0.124 ranks third. Compared to other indicators, the 0.015-weighted intervention for tourism industry development was the lowest ranked among the examined indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - Prioritizing the influencing and influenced factors of open innovation by House of Quality The case of Selected universities of Isfahan province
Homayoun Ghaedi زهرا vahidiThe purpose of this study is to show how one of the advanced quality management techniques can be applied for prioritizing the open innovation influencing and influenced factors in higher education institutions.Design/methodology/approach - House of quality (HoQ) has be MoreThe purpose of this study is to show how one of the advanced quality management techniques can be applied for prioritizing the open innovation influencing and influenced factors in higher education institutions.Design/methodology/approach - House of quality (HoQ) has been applied for prioritizing open innovation influencing factors based on open innovation influence factors. Selected universities of Isfahan province have been considered for the study. The statistical population of this study included managers who had expertise in the field of management and innovation, and executive managers of universities with at least 10 years of experience. The priorities of influencing factors included communications and interactions (developing university-industry relations), external organizational factors (competitive position and place of the organization), and process orientation (innovation process management).Research limitations/implications.Research limitations/implications - For more success in the universities and community and in order to institutionalize open innovation for employees through the acquired knowledge, it is better that the weaknesses and strengths and the position and place of each university is investigated and the gap between resources required and internal skills to establish a joint development relationship is identified. Originality/value – The applicability of quality management tools and techniques to innovation and particularly open innovation has been rarely tried. In that respect this topic is new. The HoQ based results are helpful in better decision making on the roadmap towards implementing open innovation in higher education institutions. Findings provide a roadmap to managers to implement open innovation based on the priorities of influencing factors aligned with influenced factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - socioeconomic factors that influence social health of female headed households supported by Tehran welfare organization
Bagher Saroukhani Fatemeh Mahdipour AzarAbstract Among of Underprivileged strata of society in contemporary of our country, women are head of households. Female-headed households are women that should solely take the burdens of life of economic and welfare dimensions and in the same time also have particular MoreAbstract Among of Underprivileged strata of society in contemporary of our country, women are head of households. Female-headed households are women that should solely take the burdens of life of economic and welfare dimensions and in the same time also have particular attention to their children's social, educational, cultural and breeding issues. Current research performed with the aim of reviewing effective economic and social factors of social health of female-headed household under covering of the welfare organization of Tehran and also offers solutions in order to reduce and or solve them. Method of this research performed descriptive and correlation analysis by survey method.T he statistical society of this research was the entire female-headed households under cover of the welfare organization of Tehran over 5500 people. According to accomplished calculation gained in the Cochran formula, the sample size, number of 200 people. Sampling method in this research is by multi-stage cluster method and used two Questionnaires in order to collecting information. The statistical methods would be come to pass in this proposal proportional with used scales in measurement tool and proportional with considered hypotheses type. Some of them are Pearson Correlation Coefficient in order to measuring relation of variables, means comparison test for difference theory, Regression and analysis of direction path in order to determining direct and indirect relation of dependent and independent variables that all of the above methods will perform through spss software. Findings from the research is indicative of that factors such as age, type of ability and skills, satisfaction of received services from welfare organization with the possibility more than 99% with the social health of female-headed households are related. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - socioeconomic factors that influence social health of female headed households supported by Tehran welfare organization
Sara Avarzabani َAli MalekpourAbstract Among of Underprivileged strata of society in contemporary of our country, women are head of households. Female-headed households are women that should solely take the burdens of life of economic and welfare dimensions and in the same time also have particular MoreAbstract Among of Underprivileged strata of society in contemporary of our country, women are head of households. Female-headed households are women that should solely take the burdens of life of economic and welfare dimensions and in the same time also have particular attention to their children's social, educational, cultural and breeding issues. Current research performed with the aim of reviewing effective economic and social factors of social health of female-headed household under covering of the welfare organization of Tehran and also offers solutions in order to reduce and or solve them. Method of this research performed descriptive and correlation analysis by survey method.T he statistical society of this research was the entire female-headed households under cover of the welfare organization of Tehran over 5500 people. According to accomplished calculation gained in the Cochran formula, the sample size, number of 200 people. Sampling method in this research is by multi-stage cluster method and used two Questionnaires in order to collecting information. The statistical methods would be come to pass in this proposal proportional with used scales in measurement tool and proportional with considered hypotheses type. Some of them are Pearson Correlation Coefficient in order to measuring relation of variables, means comparison test for difference theory, Regression and analysis of direction path in order to determining direct and indirect relation of dependent and independent variables that all of the above methods will perform through spss software. Findings from the research is indicative of that factors such as age, type of ability and skills, satisfaction of received services from welfare organization with the possibility more than 99% with the social health of female-headed households are related. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - The relationship between entrepreneurship education and social capital of women headed by the welfare state of alborz province In 1396
Farideh Talebi Masoumeh ReshadThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurship education and social capital of female headed households under the well-being of Alborz province. The method of this research has been quasi-experimental. The statistical society in t MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurship education and social capital of female headed households under the well-being of Alborz province. The method of this research has been quasi-experimental. The statistical society in this research was selected from 1257 cases of rehabilitation of women headed by households under the welfare of Alborz province in 1395. 120 samples were selected randomly from the social capital of Nahapit and Goshall and entrepreneurship questionnaires from a t-test on spss software on subjects.Sub-goals based on -The recognition of the relationship between entrepreneurial education and the subsequent structural capital of social capital (expansion of the social network, increasing social relations). -The recognition of the relationship between post-graduate entrepreneurial education and social capital (increased cooperation, promotion of values). -The recognition of the relationship between entrepreneurship education and the social dimension of social capital (increasing mutual understanding, increasing trust, increasingcommitment). The results of this study, with regard to the level of significance achieved, can be said that entrepreneurship education has a significant effect on social capital among female headed households under well-being. According to the significance level achieved, which is 0.024 and less than 0.05 , Therefore, it can be said that entrepreneurship education has a significant effect on social capital among female headed households covered by well-being. The comparison of the average social capital before and after the training shows that the holding of these courses has increased the social capital of these people. Also, entrepreneurship education has a significant effect on the social dimension (structural, cognitive, and communicative) of women under the supervision of well-being households. The comparison of the mean (structural, cognitive, and communicational) dimension of social capital before and after the course shows that the subsequent courses (structural, cognitive, and communicative) have increased the social capital of these individuals Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - Who is Aboolalaye Maani and what was his of thinking
Mahmood moghtadaiAboolalaye Maarri was born in mid-third century and his name is well-known in Arabic literature and in the world literature, as well. Inspite of being sight impaired he possessed such brilliant memory and deft in reciting verse and composing Arabic prose. In this es MoreAboolalaye Maarri was born in mid-third century and his name is well-known in Arabic literature and in the world literature, as well. Inspite of being sight impaired he possessed such brilliant memory and deft in reciting verse and composing Arabic prose. In this essay it is also tried to introduce his dynasty and his birthplace, acquisition, criticizing his notion and also his works and thoughts has been reviewed. This essay represents his abortiveness and his philosophy of life which has been shown in his colloctions of prose and verse. Manuscript profile
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