Effect of Drought Stress and a Combination of Organic Cocopeat and Mineral Perlite Cultivation Substrates on Black Cherry Tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum)
Subject Areas : Optimal management of water and soil resourcesMehrnaz Tahmasabi 1 , Mahboboh Mazhari 2
1 - Ph. D. Student of Soil Science and Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
Keywords: black cherry tomato, greenhouse test, hydroponic, morphological, physiological,
Abstract :
Background and objectives: One of the most important factors of soilless cultivation systems is the cultivation bed. Plants need adequate water and elements to grow and function well. But today, a mixture of cocopeat and perlite is used in some greenhouses, which gives better results and is suitable for the production of tomatoes outside the season. Currently, cocopeat is the main substrate used in most hydroponic systems for tomato production in the country, which is an expensive imported material. It is important to carry out new researches to investigate the effect of stress and the integration of cultivation media to produce as many black cherry tomatoes as possible. The effect of the type of cultivation medium on different plants is different. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of drought stress and the integration of organic and inorganic cultivation medium on the chemical characteristics of several raw materials that can be used as black tomato growing medium. Materials and methods: For this purpose, in order to investigate the possibility of reducing the effects of drought stress by combining cocopeat and perlite, a factorial research was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications in the research greenhouse of Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch. In this research, two factors of drought stress (Fc100%, Fc50%, Fc25%, Fc12.5%) and different percentages of the cultivation bed (Cocopeat 0% + Perlite 100%, Cocopeat 25% + Perlite 75%, Cocopeat 50% + Perlite 50%, Cocopeat 75% + Perlite 25%, Cocopeat 100% + Perlite 0%) were investigated. The studied traits included the number of fruits, fresh and dry weight of the shoot, root length, relative moisture content of the leaves, the amount of chlorophyll a and b, and total. Results: Based on the results of the treatment combinations, cocopeat 75-perlite 25 and cocopeat 100- zero perlite had the highest performance, especially under severe stress of dehydration, and the lowest efficiency in the treatment combinations Co0Pe100+FC12.5%, Co25Pe75+FC12.5%, and Co50Pe50+FC12. 5% and Co100Pe0+FC12.5% were obtained. Also, FC100% treatment with the highest amount of total chlorophyll (3.10 mg per gram of fresh tissue) in the statistically superior group and FC12.5% treatment with the lowest amount of total chlorophyll (2.22 mg per gram of fresh tissue) were included in the weakest statistical group. In other words, maintaining soil moisture at the level of agricultural capacity increased the amount of total chlorophyll by 39.63% compared to the decrease in moisture at the level of 12.5% of agricultural capacity. Conclusion: Based on the results, the substrates containing richer foods provided better results. By adding cocopeat to the substrate, the negative effects of drought stress can be controlled. The reason for this superiority is the amount of nutrients in this substrate due to its ability to store more nutrients and water. The use of perlite in hydroponic culture beds is useful because it has large and small pores that improve the culture bed's ventilation. One of the negative effects of drought stress is the reduction of chlorophyll. As a result, the photosynthesis system of the plant will be damaged, and with the increase in the amount of proline, chlorophyll will decrease because the amounts of chlorophyll and proline have an inverse relationship with each other. Lack of water will cause a decrease in growth, leaf surface, wet and dry weight, destruction of cell membranes, destruction and reduction of proteins and enzymes, accumulation of amino acids, reduction of growth enhancers, damage to pigments and plastids, and reduction of root growth.
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