Women's Reproductive Behavior with the Family Transformation Process in the Past Three Decades
Subject Areas : Woman and Society
Batool Seifoori
1
,
Gholamreza Hasani darmian
2
,
Aliakbar Majdi
3
,
mahdi kermani
4
1 - Ph.D. student of sociology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2 - Assistant Professor of Sociology of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Letters and Humanities
3 - Assistant Professor of Sociology of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Letters and Humanities.
4 - Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Park Square, Mashhad, Iran
Keywords: family, households, fertility rates, family changes,
Abstract :
In this article, the changes of the fertility of women in the family from 1981 to 2011 have been analyzed by using demographic documents or the secondary analysis of statistics. According to available statistics, the annual growth rate of Iran's population in 1986 was reported at 3.9%, which fell to 1.3% in 2011. In such a situation, the number of households expected to grow in line with the decline in population growth, while statistical evidence suggests that the annual growth rate of households in the 1996-86 period was only 2.51% that is up by 3.89 percent compared to 2011. During these three decades, household households also respectively dropped from 5.11 to 4.05 and 3.54. The theoretical analysis of such a situation, based on the theory of the transition of the second population, indicates the introduction of the values of modernism and its manifestations (individualism, industrialization and urbanization), such as the single parent, single child, biological couple, and the same as the growth of the divorce phenomenon. According to this theory, the findings of the present study indicate that households with a population of 7 people are now fading with a 2% share of the total population, the growth rate of 3 to 4-person households, accounting for half of Iran's population, is also decreasing and rising to 7% in single-person households. According to these findings, it can be concluded that during the last three decades, the reduction of fertility preference, the desire for single life and the formation of independent pre-marital households, along with a further factor called divorce, has reduced household size and increased the number of households. It shows the arrival of the values of modernism in the realm of Iranian homeland.
-Abbasi-Shavazi, M.J & McDonald, R (2008).Family Change in Iran:Religion, Revolution, and the State International Family Change:Ideational Perspectives / [edited by] Rukmalie Jayakody, Arland Thornton, and William Axinn.Taylor & Francis Group, 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
-Adibi sadeh etal (2011). Study of Fertility and its Effective Factors Among the Kurdish Resident Andimeshk,Journal of Iranian Social Development Studies 2012 (winter), Vol. 4, No.1.P 98-81. (PERSIAN)
-Aliahmadi, Omid.(2009).Contemporary Changes in Families of Tehran.Tehran. Published by:Nashre Shahr,P56. (PERSIAN).
-Anning Hu & Jacob Hibel(2015), Increasing Heterogeneity in the Economic Returns to Higher Education in Urban China,The Social Science Journal 52 (2015) 322–330.
-Balabiglu, Solmaz Chamani (2015). Study Determination of Fertility in Two Generations (Married Women in Tehran). PhD thesis. Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch. Faculty of Social Sciences. (PERSIAN)
-Baseri, Ali (2016). Investigating the Economic and Social Factors and an Effective group on the number of ideal children among employees of the Ministry of Cooperatives; Social Work and Social Work; Master's Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch - Faculty of Social Sciences. (PERSIAN)
-Bernard, Johns (2011).Family Studies. Translated by Hosein Ghaziyan. Tehran, Published by: Ney .(PERSIAN)
-Bernardes, Jon (1993).Responsibilities in Studing Postmodern Families, Jornal of Family issues, 14- 35.
-Brian Williams, Stacey Sawyer and Carl Wahlstrom .(2008).Marriages, Families, and Intimate Relationships:A Practical Introductions (2nd Edition).Pearson, Boston.
-Caldwell, John C.(1976).Toward A Restatement of Demographic Transition Theory. Population and Development Review .Vol.2, No.3/4.
-Chaboki, Ommol-Banin (2016), The Study of the Relationship between Cultural Values and the Propensity to Fertility, Master's Thesis, Al-Zahra University .(PERSIAN)
-Chamani Balabiglou, Solmaz (1394), Sociological Determinants of Fertility in Two Generations (Married Women in Tehran), PhD Dissertation, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch. (PERSIAN)
-Dorahaki, Ahmad (2015), Women's Ideal Fertility Determinants: A Study of the Ideal Fertility of 15- 49 Year-Old Women with Nasim Shahi's Wife in 2014, Razi Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.22, No. 141, March 2012. (PERSIAN)
-Engelkhart, Ronald.(1994).Cultural Development in Advanced Industrial Society.Translated by:Maryam Vatar.Tehran, Published by:Enteshatat Kavir.(PERSIAN)
-Faraji, Elaheh (2015), Investigating the Social Factors Affecting the Propensity of Fertility in Women 18-40 Years, Master's Thesis of Al-Zahra University. (PERSIAN)
-Grensheim, Bak.(2002).Family in Today's World.Translated by:Afsharnaderi, Afsar & Bita Madani.Tehran, Published by:Ney.
-Hoseini.Hatam.(2014).Socio-Economic Demography and Family Planning.BooAli Univrsity Publishing. Hamedan, P65. (PERSIAN)
-Hosseini-Chavoshi, Meimanat &Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi, Peter McDonald(2016), Fertility, Marriage, and Family Planning in Iran: Implications for Future Policy, Population Horizons 2016; 13(1): 31–40
-Jesús J. Sánchez-Barricarte(2017),The Long-Term Determinants of Marital Fertility in the Developed World (19th and 20th centuries): The Role of Welfare Policies, DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VOLUME 36, ARTICLE 42, PAGES 1255-1298, PUBLISHED 21 APRIL 2017
-Kaboudi, Marzieh, Ramezankhani Ali et al. (2013). Decision making process for childbearing: a qualitative study, Payshay journal, Mehr and Aban 1392, Volume 12, Issue 5, Pages 515-505. (PERSIAN)
-Kohan, Shahnaz and others (1392), Understanding Iranian Women from the Concept of Empowerment in Family Planning, Content Analysis, Proceedings of the National Conference on Applied Research in Health Promotion.(PERSIAN)
-Labibi, Mohammad mehdi.(2013).New Approach to the Changes of Family Values in Iran.Tehran, Letter of social sciences,N.24, P32-34.(PERSIAN)
-Lesthaeghe, R & K.Neels (2002)."From the First to the Second Demographic Transition - An Interpretation of the Spatial Continuity of Demographic Innovation in France, Belgium and Switzerland", European Journal of Population, vol.18(4).
-Lesthaeghe, Ron and van de Kaa, Dirk.J.(1986)."Twee Demografische Transities (Two demographic transitions)".Bevolking - Groei en Krimp, Mens en Maatschappij, Van Loghum Slaterus, Deventer:van Loghum-Slaterus,P21.
-Lesthaeghe, Ron.(2006).Second Demographic Transition, U.S, March, Population and Development Review.P62-225-227.
-Livi Bacci, Massimo.(2012).Low Fertility in Historical Perspective. Population and Development Review, Vol.38, Population and Public Policy: Essays in Honor of Paul Demeny Published by: Population.
-Mahmoudian, Hossein, Mohammadpour and Rezaee (2011), Low Fertility Fields in the Province of Khorasan, Journal of the Iranian Association for Demographic Studies, Vol. 4, No. 8, Winter 2009, pp. 122-85. (PERSIAN)
-Malin Soederberg, Kyllike Christensson, Ingela Lundgren, Ingegerd Hildingsson(2015), Women’s attitudes towards fertility and childbearing – A study based on a national sample of Swedish women validating the Attitudes to Fertility and Childbearing Scale (AFCS), Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 6 (2015) 54–58.
-Mohammadi, Naima and Seifoori, Batool (2016), Sociological Study of Factors Affecting Women’s Fertility Preference, Journal of Cultural-Educational Journal of Women and Families, No.36. P70-49. (PERSIAN)
-Motlagh, Mohammad Ismail, and others (2016), Factors Affecting Fertility Preferences among Iranian Women, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty Journal, Vol. 14 No. 6. P495-485. (PERSIAN)
-Newman David.(2008).Families:A Sociological Perspective, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Boston Mass,P44.
-Oinonen, Eriikka (2008) .Families in Converging Europe:A Comparison of Forms, Structures and Ideals.
-Papenoe, David.(2005).War over the Family.Transaction Publishers.
-Saraei, Hasan.(2006).Continuity and Change Family in the Demographic Transition.Letter of Population Association of Iran, N.2.Tehran.(PERSIAN).
-Saraei, Hasan.(2008).The Demographic Transition as Regards to Iran.Letter of Population Association of Iran, Period3.N.6.Tehran, P57-118-120.(PERSIAN).
-Seyfollahi, seyfollah & Razeghiyan.(2006).Social Determinants of Gender Identity of Women in Iran.Letter of Socisl Science.N.3.Tehran, P27 (PERSIAN)
-Solsona, Pairo, Montserrat.(1997).Second Demographic Transition from a Gender perspective:The Case of Catalonia, Women and Families:Evolution of the Status of Women as Factor and Consequence of Changes in Family Dynamics, Maria Eugenia COSIO-ZAVALA (ed), Paris, CICRED,P176.
-Tavakol, Mohammad & Maryam, Ghazinejad.(2006).Generation Gap in Macro-Sociological Approaches.Tehran, Letter of social sciences,N.27.(PERSIAN)
-Van de Ka, Dirk J.(2002).The Idea of a second Demographic Transition in Industrialized Countries.Paper presented at the Sixth Welfare Policy Seminar of the National Institute of population and Social Security, Tokyo, Japan.P78.
-Yi Zeng, Therese Hesketh,(2016), The Effects of China’s Universal Two-Child Policy, The Lancent Journal, Volume 388, No. 10054, p1930–1938, 15 October 2016.
-www.sabteahval.ir/
_||_