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Open Access Article
1 - The role of general international law in the field of globalization
hossein shahraki عسگر جلالیانThe globalization process of public international law is said to be a set of processes by which countries become increasingly connected and dependent. In the era of globalization, which is the era of transcending national territories and entering the global context, plu MoreThe globalization process of public international law is said to be a set of processes by which countries become increasingly connected and dependent. In the era of globalization, which is the era of transcending national territories and entering the global context, pluralism increases and governments get out of their limited form and find a global territory. The importance of globalization is due to the fact that in the present era, the nature of power has changed and besides governments, international civil organizations, international non-governmental organizations, international interstate organizations, informal multilateral organizations, parties, media,Ethnic groups, syndicates, multinational companies, individuals and international public opinion have also played a role, which has caused the international system to become polygonal; Therefore, due to the erosion of the sovereignty of the states along with the fading of the borders, we are witnessing a change in the activity and function of the states in the space of interaction and competition with transnational and subnational actors, and due to the assimilation and homogenization of rules, concepts and certain legal institutions at the domestic and international levels. It becomes international.syndicates, multinational companies, individuals and international public opinion have also played a role, which has caused the international system to become polygonal; Therefore, due to the Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Forecasting of OPEC's Global Crude Oil Demand using Vector Self-Engagement Models, Collective Exploration and Gravitational Search
heshmatolah asgari mohammadreza omidi zahra malekinia ALIAKBAR OMIDIKnowledge about future oil demand is essential for OPEC member countries to set priorities and select policies in order to achieve economic growth and development. So in this study, the OPEC oil demand has been predicted using time series models Including Structural Vec MoreKnowledge about future oil demand is essential for OPEC member countries to set priorities and select policies in order to achieve economic growth and development. So in this study, the OPEC oil demand has been predicted using time series models Including Structural Vector Autoregressive model (SVAR), Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (That is one of the Innovative Search Algorithms) applying demand data from 1970 to 2014. In this regard, three criteria including Mean Sum of Squared Errors (MSSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) have been used to measure the predictive power of triple models. Results indicate that the SVAR model has the most appropriate prediction of OPEC global demand. According to results of this model, net export variable has a positive and significant impact on oil demand and OPEC petroleum price and non- OPEC production variables have a negative and significant impact on oil demand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigating the status of globalization indicators of Iran University of Medical Sciences based on futures studies
siyamak sanad gol mojtaba moazzami narges hasan moradiBackground: Globalization or in other words globalization are two descriptions of a process situation that has increasingly fostered the diversity of various social, political, cultural and economic institutions and structures. Meanwhile, the competitiveness of the econ MoreBackground: Globalization or in other words globalization are two descriptions of a process situation that has increasingly fostered the diversity of various social, political, cultural and economic institutions and structures. Meanwhile, the competitiveness of the economy in the field of knowledge has also fueled the globalization of universities. Objective: To study the status of globalization indicators of Iran University of Medical Sciences based on futures studies. Methods: The type of research is based on applied-developmental goal and in terms of nature and analytical-exploratory method. The method of data collection in this research is library studies (receipts and documents) and field studies (questionnaires and interviews). In terms of the nature of the research, the present study is a qualitative exploratory study. Results: Studies showed that the status of indicators in Iran University of Medical Sciences is completely in line with the components of globalization of the university system. 13.33% believed that the first situation is somewhat true. 9 people who make up 60% of the experts believe that to some extent and 4 people who make up 26.67% of the experts believe that the educational technology in Iran University of Medical Sciences is strongly organized in the direction of being local and regional. Conclusion: The results of the study of these indicators have shown that from the perspective of experts, the prioritization of these indicators has been as follows; The structure of the educational system is resources and manpower, knowledge structure, educational content, educational technology and external environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Adaptive Rule-Base Influence Function Mechanism for Cultural Algorithm
Vahid Seydi Ghomsheh Mohamad Teshnehlab Mehdi Aliyari Shoordeli -
Open Access Article
5 - The impact of globalization on the tendency of citizens to protect the environment experimental communications Tehran residents
Maryam Rezaee Seyed Yaghoub mousaviWith increasing environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction, growing attention and concern of the community understand the causes, consequences and ways to reduce it. Several factors are involved in reducing threatening conditions above. This study emphasizes the MoreWith increasing environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction, growing attention and concern of the community understand the causes, consequences and ways to reduce it. Several factors are involved in reducing threatening conditions above. This study emphasizes the role of media and communication studies globalization tends to preserve the environment among citizens living in the city of Tehran.The methodology of this study is a survey. The number of 277 residents in three districts of Tehran, a city of five and fourteen were selected. To analyze the data obtained from the correlation and multivariate regression analysis were used. The findings of the analysis showed that the correlation between the globalization of communications and tends to protect the environment and there is a significant positive relationship.In the case of the environmental findings suggest that the tendency of the subjects in the three levels of cognitive, emotional and behavioral (in both the intervention and participation) were measured, and consequently enhance the enjoyment of Communications the tendency to increase global environmental protection.For them, what the environment is not something that simply pass it to the problems of the environment seems to be the development trend of imports and what it part of the environment, victims of the extension of the industry to be the analysis of environmental increased public attention is environmental issues that affect them. However the sensitivity of public opinion may be raised by the media and communications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Theoretical Exploration About the Phenomenon of Globalization and Cultural - Media Imperialism: Cultural Integration and Assimilation
Meysam FarokhiGlobalization is a phenomenon of the last decades of the twentieth century and early twenty-first century that has hang global issues, national and even individual. Uninterrupted process of this phenomenon almost all macro and micro elements in different levels of human MoreGlobalization is a phenomenon of the last decades of the twentieth century and early twenty-first century that has hang global issues, national and even individual. Uninterrupted process of this phenomenon almost all macro and micro elements in different levels of human society is subject to change. On this basis, the article mentioned that the first analysis the concept of globalization, bed time, the definitions of globalization, schools and related approaches deal with this phenomenon. Following the concepts of cultural- media imperialism scrutinized scientific and theoretical debate and then the author deals with the link between globalization and imperialism cultural- media imperialism. According to this the globalization and imperialism (cultural- media) are considered as international consistent and aligned concepts that are moving in a common direction. And it's aim is to expand and export values, beliefs and priorities of the dominant countries life style in the world to conquer public opinion to other countries. These concepts are two sides of the same coin that move in the direction of assimilation, integration of other cultures and their aim is to undermine local cultures and their transformation into the global culture. At the end of this article, the author in response to the international multiple challenges of the 21st century in the world system proposed this suggestion that Today, in the new informational and communication era, the globalization process requires restructuring and rearranging according to cultural diversity and plurality and local and regional communities; So that each of these cultures as an actor can play the role of their culture in the global and international arena and also had have the ability to provide continuous transfer and deliver of its intellectual and cultural capital to other cultures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Impact of Globalization on the Tendency of Citizens to Protect the Environment Experimental Communications Tehran Residents
Maryam Rezaee Seyed Yaghoob MoosaviWith increasing environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction, growing attention and concern of the community understand the causes, consequences and ways to reduce it. Several factors are involved in reducing threatening conditions above. This study emphasizes the MoreWith increasing environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction, growing attention and concern of the community understand the causes, consequences and ways to reduce it. Several factors are involved in reducing threatening conditions above. This study emphasizes the role of media and communication studies globalization tends to preserve the environment among citizens living in the city of Tehran.The methodology of this study is a survey. The number of 277 residents in three districts of Tehran, a city of five and fourteen were selected. To analyze the data obtained from the correlation and multivariate regression analysis were used. The findings of the analysis showed that the correlation between the globalization of communications and tends to protect the environment and there is a significant positive relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Students’ Perception of Globalization and Their Religious Identity
A. Tajik Somayeh tajik esmaeiliOne of the most challenging issues of the modern world is the phenomenon of globalization, which has left impact on various aspects of individuals’ personal and social life. People’s religious identity is among the many factors being influenced by this issue MoreOne of the most challenging issues of the modern world is the phenomenon of globalization, which has left impact on various aspects of individuals’ personal and social life. People’s religious identity is among the many factors being influenced by this issue. The current study aimed to explore the way students perceived globalization and its relationship to their religious identity. Three hundred and eighty four male and female university students at islamic azad university in tehran participated in the study. The results revealed a mean score of 3.6 for religious identity, indicating that the students had positive but relatively weak perception of religious identity. This means that the students’ religious identity is rather low though not negative. The highest score of 5.19 was obtained for students’ belief identity showing the point between strong and very strong in the scale. In contrast while the lowest score of 2.62 was recorded for moral identity. It was concluded that there is a positive meaningful relationship between students’ perceived religious identity and their view of globalization; implying that individuals with positive religious identity also view the issue of globalization as positively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Globalization & Regionalism in Contemporary Architecture: Interaction or Mutuality
Qader Bayzidi Iraj Etesam Farah Habib Seyed Mostafa Mokhtabad AmreiA complicated, multilateral and unavoidable process, globalization semiconsciously covers growing temporal and spatial integration, dissemination of knowledge, ­ability to understand the others, strengthening intercultural interactions and integration of universal a MoreA complicated, multilateral and unavoidable process, globalization semiconsciously covers growing temporal and spatial integration, dissemination of knowledge, ­ability to understand the others, strengthening intercultural interactions and integration of universal and local affairs, and consequently, introduces further development into social arena in the postmodern era. On one hand, formation of a global village and growing mutual effects in the world of architecture have led to concerns over domination of universalism and homogeneity, losing the soul of the place and creating faults in local identities. On the other, regionalism in architecture centers on preserving special characteristics of space and showing dissimilarities, and prioritizes special regional identity over universal characteristics. Definition of regionalism covers a wide spectrum due to its diversity and the course of events in different approaches to this theory, but generally, it is claimed that ecological features, climate conditions, social and cultural conditions and local customs are among important features of regionalism. Regionalism is an approach to coordinating the influence of global civilization with special local features. In another words, since man is an heir and creator of global culture as well as possessing a regional culture, he has to quiver knowledge of the interaction between both of them. Supporters of such theory believe that architecture has to reflect the features of the self and be independent of an emotional view point of region, tradition and history. The present paper attempts to investigate the relationship between globalization and current regional based approaches in the field of contemporary architecture. The research method is descriptive-analytical by using content analysis technique. Economic arena, on one hand, faces universal and global supply of multinational companies, and deals with local demand, on the other. This emphasizes the need for designing products in line with special regional circumstances in order to attract consumers and establish a global-regional interaction. In politics, there is an alignment theory of globalization and regionalism that based on which regionalism moderates globalization and both enjoy a mutual relationship. In culture, contemporary world covers both universalization and homogeneity and localization and heterogeny. Globalization provides a bed for universalization of local culture and localization of global culture. Local cultural systems enjoy a complex relationship with global culture to have its privileges. The results show that on one hand, the multilateral nature of globalization indicates that it enjoys an alignment of homogenous and heterogeneous approaches in such a way that it recognizes variety, pluralism and heterogenic and prepares the ground for special cultural and architectural identities and values. On the other, having shifted from nativist approaches and emphasis on physical interpretations and stylistic, structural and aesthetic issues towards modern approaches and social, cultural issues, ecosystem and interpersonal relationships, regionalism aims at modifying traditional prejudiced thoughts, strengthening an interactional approach and creating variety as well as enjoying universal privileges (critical regionalism, interactional regionalism and bioregionalism). Therefore, there proves to be a mutual relationship between these phenomena. The coexistence between technology and cultural identity (place) in architecture leads to the formation of a type of hybrid architecture enjoying universal privileges and regional indices (global- local). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Analysis of Iranian Contemporary Architecture in Confrontation with Globalization Phenomenon
Farah Habib Akram HosseiniAfter victory of Islamic Revolution in 1360 (1981), wide mutations as a result of excited values of the Revolution caused lots of changes in different fields, including architecture. Following this, Cultural Revolution designers were adapted with new requirements of the MoreAfter victory of Islamic Revolution in 1360 (1981), wide mutations as a result of excited values of the Revolution caused lots of changes in different fields, including architecture. Following this, Cultural Revolution designers were adapted with new requirements of the community and orientations that introduced Revolution’s mottos after relative establishment of structure and educational contents of the universities. This matter, in conformity with general spirit of personality seeking processes of architecture, introduced necessity of changing in architecture training programs. In the field of architecture training, self-reversion , revival of past stable values, Permanent concepts are in history, structure and content of training program from the viewpoint of Cultural Revolution designers about importance of theoretical studies in training, joining of architecture training with precinct culture, historical examination of architecture before modernism, of national and zone perspective. Existence of word identity in the introduction of Cultural Revolution staff program in 1363 (1984), demonstrated attentions towards basics of new training program of architecture. Then, seeking identity in training process is followed by emphasizing on Islamic architectural history and Iranian architectural history. This period was contemporary with predominance of global process of postmodernism on West architecture. Postmodernism thoughts, criticizing inattention of modern architecture thinkers towards history of establishment of architecture in different places, chooses increasing, antonym, complex and metaphorical in its expressions. Prevalence of West postmodernism numerosity thoughts resulted in establishment of most of Iranian contemporary architecture works. On one hand, contemporary human’s social life, expansion of relationships and breaking boundaries are mixed with globalization idea. Contemporary world’s occurrences and mutations have widespread concepts in today life. Community technology, telecommunication, internet, satellite and so are things that involve human in network of relationships in different manners. So, after technical and technological advances of modernism, media could broadcast art and architecture mutations all around the world as other matters. Postmodernism attitude could increase its symbolic dimensions and attendance ways. Iran’s temporary architecture, which has a root in past architecture, is together with global widespread mutations, as a result of today world’s achievements and ideal that belongs to all of humans. Today architectures encounter with twosome status of doubt towards past values and captivation towards new values, as well as sentiment coherency to the past and excitement to the future; and this matter force them to search about recognition of personal and collective identity. Despite entering of current thoughts in West architecture to Iran, before entering and usage, tools and information technology was growing slowly and after the movement, it grows fast. It is necessary to evaluate reasons and results of these changes. While theoretical basics resulted from consideration of personality seeking, on one hand, and entrance of attitudes in West architecture on the other hand, (but without passing prerequisite processes that was caused appearance of the aforesaid thoughts), have significant influence on architecture of Iran. The present study involved in explaining Iran’s architecture approach after the Revolution and evaluating its personality seeking objectives against a phenomenon, called globalization, emersion of information technology, media and computers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A New Approach to Manifestations of Globalization in Megalopolises in South countries
Mehrdad Navabakhsh rasoul maleki nezamabad Mohammad taqi Masoumi For thousands of years cities have been centers for a variety of thoughts, cultures, human beings' social interactions, and places for development of urbanism. Although when human beings came into existence, most of them started living and working in villages, se More For thousands of years cities have been centers for a variety of thoughts, cultures, human beings' social interactions, and places for development of urbanism. Although when human beings came into existence, most of them started living and working in villages, settlements, towns and communities, but in year 2000 and especially in the later decades of the 20th century, two important events were urbanism and global cities appearance. Meanwhile metropolises in south countries with a first world city inside them have an objective and wide entity and are affected by global agents These days, each city in the First World and industrialized countries has a Third World town inside. These Third World-oriented towns face problems such as unemployment, environment, malnutrition, starvation, diseases, children death and child labor. On the contrary, each Third World city has a First-World Town inside which enjoys high-tech communications and facilities. This reveals contradictions, challenges and great gaps which cities are involved. In this research we try to study political, economical, social and cultural effects of globalization on metropolises cities in south countries in different dimensions and through comparative study and use of developed countries' experience to make suitable solutions in developing countries' urban planning and ordering. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - An Investigation of Global-Regional Interactional Approach at the Prominent Works of Contemporary Iranian Architects
Qader Bayzidi Iraj Etesam Farah Habib Seyed Mostafa Mokhtabad Amrei -
Open Access Article
13 - Thirteen Most Common Trends Shaping Automobile Dependence Worldwide and the Global Implications of these Trends Kenya
Adeyemo Ajibade Dayomi Mathew Tugbobo Babatunde -
Open Access Article
14 - Medical Tourism in Tehran Developmentas a global city
Leila Soltani Mostafa Behzadfar Zahra Sadat Saeideh Zarabadi -
Open Access Article
15 - Globalization Issues Regarding Contemporary Architecture of Iran
Mohammad Reza Mahmoody -
Open Access Article
16 - Association of depression with malnutrition in hemodialysis patients
Mohsen Taghavi Seyyed Ali Keshavarz Alireza Hoveyda Asal Ataie-Jafari -
Open Access Article
17 - Modify the linear search formula in the BFGS method to achieve global convergence.
S.A.R. Hosseini Dehmiry M. HamzehnejadNonlinear programming problems belong to the realm of commonly used optimization problems. In most cases, the objective function of such problems is non-convex. However, to guarantee global convergence in the algorithms proposed based on Newton's method to solve these p MoreNonlinear programming problems belong to the realm of commonly used optimization problems. In most cases, the objective function of such problems is non-convex. However, to guarantee global convergence in the algorithms proposed based on Newton's method to solve these problems, a convexity condition is generally required. Meanwhile, the quasi-Newton techniques are more popular because they use an approximation of the Hessian matrix or its inverse. However, in these algorithms, only gradient information is used to approximate this matrix. One of the most applicable quasi-Newton algorithms in solving nonlinear programming problems is the BFGS method. This paper presents a new idea for a linear search in the BFGS method. It proves that using this technique will lead to global convergence for general problems without the need for any additional conditions. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated numerically. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - presentation of a two stages method to determine the suitable benchmark and return to scale (case study: girls high school of one zone shiraz city)
Javad GeramiIn this paper, a two stages method to determine suitable benchmark and return scale of the decision making units set is presented. At first, all of the efficient reference set in no radial data envelopment analysis (DEA) based on linear programming is found. first, RAM MoreIn this paper, a two stages method to determine suitable benchmark and return scale of the decision making units set is presented. At first, all of the efficient reference set in no radial data envelopment analysis (DEA) based on linear programming is found. first, RAM model is introduced and units is investigated using this model, then, to run the given algorithm below steps is performed. At the first step, the type of reference set is introduced and at the second step, a unique linear programming problem based on primal dual method is proposed to know all of the possible reference sets for a decision making unit. At the third step, return to scale in the no radial DEA method is measured. Ultimately, girls high school of shiraz city one zone efficiency is investigated to show to be applicate of this method and suitable benchmark and return scale is presented for this set of decision making units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - A new Levenberg-Marquardt approach based on Conjugate gradient structure for solving absolute value equations
F. Rahpeymaii K. Amini T. AllahviranlooIn this paper, we present a new approach for solving absolute value equation (AVE) whichuse Levenberg-Marquardt method with conjugate subgradient structure. In conjugate subgradientmethods the new direction obtain by combining steepest descent direction and the previous MoreIn this paper, we present a new approach for solving absolute value equation (AVE) whichuse Levenberg-Marquardt method with conjugate subgradient structure. In conjugate subgradientmethods the new direction obtain by combining steepest descent direction and the previous di-rection which may not lead to good numerical results. Therefore, we replace the steepest descentdirection by the Levenberg-Marquardt direction. The descent property of the direction generatedby new algorithm in each iteration is established. Also, the global convergence of such a methodare established under some mild assumptions. Some numerical results are reported.In this paper, we present a new approach for solving absolute value equation (AVE) whichuse Levenberg-Marquardt method with conjugate subgradient structure. In conjugate subgradientmethods the new direction obtain by combining steepest descent direction and the previous di-rection which may not lead to good numerical results. Therefore, we replace the steepest descentdirection by the Levenberg-Marquardt direction. The descent property of the direction generatedby new algorithm in each iteration is established. Also, the global convergence of such a methodare established under some mild assumptions. Some numerical results are reported. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Supply chain network design with multi- mode demand based on acceptance degree of fuzzy constraints violated
Ali MahmoodiradThis paper designs a mathematical model for supply chain network design problem including plants, distributors and customers in fuzzy environment. Each plant and distributor has several levels capacities. A multi-mode demand strategy is considered for the customers wher MoreThis paper designs a mathematical model for supply chain network design problem including plants, distributors and customers in fuzzy environment. Each plant and distributor has several levels capacities. A multi-mode demand strategy is considered for the customers where only one of the modes is to be selected for each customer. Considering the acceptance degree of fuzzy constraints violated, a method for solve the problem is proposed. For this aim, we proposed an order relationship for trapezoidal fuzzy numbers using their interval expectation value. According to this order relationship, the fuzzy supply chain network problem is converted to an interval supply chain network problem. Then, by combining the order relationship between intervals and acceptance degree of fuzzy constraints violated, the problem is transformed into a bi-objective program model and is solved by the global criterion method. Finally, in order to, show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, several test problems are solved in various sizes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Jensen inequality with Applications in Information Theory
hasan barsam Yamin Sayyari sayyed mehrab ramezaniOne of the best-known inequalities which are used in many inequities is Jensen’s inequality. It is a base of some inequality such as the arithmetic mean, harmonic mean inequality also in inequality with respect to entropies including Shannon’s inequality and MoreOne of the best-known inequalities which are used in many inequities is Jensen’s inequality. It is a base of some inequality such as the arithmetic mean, harmonic mean inequality also in inequality with respect to entropies including Shannon’s inequality and information theory. One of the best fundamental inequality in mathematics is Jensen’s inequality. In fact, Jensen's inequality is a base of some inequality such as the arithmetic mean, harmonic mean inequality also in inequality with respect to entropies including Shannon’s inequality, Ky Fan’s inequality and etc. Recently, the generalizations and refinement for the Jensen inequality have been considered by many authors, it has been generalized to applications of information theory and etc. The purpose of this research article is to give a new interesting refinement of Jensen’s inequality form particular finite sequences. Also, we give some applications with respect to this inequality in information theory and other aspect of sciences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - A Recurrent Neural Network to Identify Efficient Decision Making Units in Data Envelopment Analysis
A. Ghomashi G. R. Jahanshahloo F. Hosseinzadeh LotfiIn this paper we present a recurrent neural network model to recognize efficient Decision Making Units(DMUs) in Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA). The proposed neural network model is derived from an unconstrained minimization problem. In theoretical aspect, it is shown th MoreIn this paper we present a recurrent neural network model to recognize efficient Decision Making Units(DMUs) in Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA). The proposed neural network model is derived from an unconstrained minimization problem. In theoretical aspect, it is shown that the proposed neural network is stable in the sense of lyapunov and globally convergent. The proposed model has a single-layer structure. Simulation shows that the proposed model is effective to identify efficient DMUs in DEA. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - New terrorism: A Theoretical Framework
ابوذر Gohari moghadamInternational terrorism can be defined in the framework of international systemchanges. To do so, in this article we try to describe terrorism through theglobalizations’ different aspects. In better words, this essay is a theoreticalexplanation of the new terroris MoreInternational terrorism can be defined in the framework of international systemchanges. To do so, in this article we try to describe terrorism through theglobalizations’ different aspects. In better words, this essay is a theoreticalexplanation of the new terrorism by applying some globalization effects on theindividual especially the South people. Presenting a new framework of analysis toexplain new terrorism, this article is to mention the main globalization aspectsnaming political, economic, cultural and technological on occurring new terrorism.Globalization process has created a dozen of phenomena such as emerging newnon-governmental actors, weak states, international crimes, great immigrations,merging of different races, information & technologic revolution, distribution ofWMDs etc. These elements beside the other main factors of globalization causemeaning and identity crisis in under developing countries and specially groups andindividuals of the South. To project this crisis the individuals resort to ideology andreligion to find or redefine their identity. They try through ideology to escape fromfrustration and in this way if they access to WMDs the results of their actions is newterrorism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Neoliberalism and Globalization
Mohammad Tohidfam Niloufar TehranizadehAfter the economic recession in 1970s, “Neoliberalism” developed a new market-drivenapproach to economic and social policy based neoclassical theories of economics, thatstresses on achieving effective individual freedom and skills in form of a private enterp MoreAfter the economic recession in 1970s, “Neoliberalism” developed a new market-drivenapproach to economic and social policy based neoclassical theories of economics, thatstresses on achieving effective individual freedom and skills in form of a private enterpriseto support the rights of powerful private ownership, liberalized trade and relatively openand state markets therefore seeks to maximize the role of the private sector in determiningthe political and economic priorities of the state along with a government that is assignedto create and maintain a fundamental and efficient strategy.The notion that occurred in response to the inefficient government and the existingcondition such as economic crisis, brought about the formation of various kinds of communicationsat different levels and promotion of the cooperation among Members of WesternBloc, which after the collapse of the USSR, the world witnessed great changes in internationalrelations among the world countries as well as development of the aforementionedcooperation among the countries gained their independence from communism. In line withthese issues and considering elements, the present article aims to study the extent of relationand influence of this movement with emergence and development of cooperation amongcountries in different fields with a tendency toward an increasing Globalization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Opportunities and Threats of Globalization on Political Developments in Iran
احمد Sai مهدی Safarpoor محمد BavbarEntering to the new world has put new challenges and opportunities for human’s life. Globalization as an economic, political and cultural phenomenon is a multifaceted process and entails consequences which includ the political consequences. The present paper has f MoreEntering to the new world has put new challenges and opportunities for human’s life. Globalization as an economic, political and cultural phenomenon is a multifaceted process and entails consequences which includ the political consequences. The present paper has focused primarily on one of these outcomes; it means that it has concentrated on the effects of globalization on political developments in the forming opportunities and threats. The present paper benefits from discourse analysis framework in order to evaluate the effectiveness and study this effectiveness on the process of political development in Iran. In this review, globalization as structural dialogue consists of liberal democracy teaching of Western and political Islam in Iran as dialogue involving two aspects of reformists and conservative matters. Thus, this paper has attempted to explore opportunities and threats to globalization on political developments in Iran after the Islamic revolution in terms of its phenomenon’s effect on dual aspects of political Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Investors' Overreaction in IRAN Stock Market to Global Financial Crisis News
فرشاد هیبتی وحید زندیهOver the past three decades, the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) has been the foundation for financial asset pricing, and the leading hypothesis in the finance literature to explain and predict the behavior of investors. There are, however, two extensions to the EMH i MoreOver the past three decades, the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) has been the foundation for financial asset pricing, and the leading hypothesis in the finance literature to explain and predict the behavior of investors. There are, however, two extensions to the EMH in the behavioral finance literature that investigate investor reaction when security prices do not adjust instantaneously, the Overreaction Hypothesis (OH) of DeBondt and Thaler (1985) and the Uncertain Information Hypothesis (UIH) of Brown, Harlow and Tinic (1988, 1993). In the other side, we know that Iran international trade volume is not expanded and direct taking impression of Iran security market to global financial recessions and expansions is in doubt. Therefore, observed investors' sentiment in Iran stock market to recent global financial crisis news has resulted in doubt on efficiency of this market, regardless of long or short term return for sensitive industries to this crisis. Thus, we felt need to recognize investors' sentiment to achieve behavioral finance patterns that would be consistent to Iran stock exchange and can be utilized to behavioral modeling of securities. We determined to evaluate and express behavior of investors in Iran stock market for the period 27 April 2008 to 25 April 2010, based on two hypotheses OH and UIH. Our findings show that shareholders' return is consistent with aforesaid two hypotheses and thereupon increase in market uncertainty in some securities, as well as investors' overreaction in some industries while issuance news of arrival and/or recovery global financial crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The impact of gold prices on global exchange rate fluctuations and ounces
behzad fakari Ameneh Anooshehpour Hossein Hossein AbadiThe impact of gold on other economic and non-economic variables, as well as the impact of gold prices on other financial and investment markets, has made planning and policy-making in this area difficult. One of the common mistakes in the same policy is to consider the MoreThe impact of gold on other economic and non-economic variables, as well as the impact of gold prices on other financial and investment markets, has made planning and policy-making in this area difficult. One of the common mistakes in the same policy is to consider the degree of impact and the impact of the price of gold on other variables. For this purpose, in this study, using Markov switching method and with daily data from August 2013 to August 1400, excluding non-common days, the main variables affecting the price of gold in Rials were investigated. The results of the study showed that there are two regimes in the study period, the point of separation of these two regimes was the withdrawal of the United States from the UN Security Council. The elasticity of the rial price of gold to the exchange rate fluctuations in the second regime compared to the first regime has increased sixfold. The elasticity of the rial price of gold to the dollar price in the second regime compared to the first regime has increased 1.6 times. The pull of gold prices to exchange rate fluctuations has replaced its pull against the exchange rate in the second regime. According to the results of the study, it is suggested that policy makers in the decision for parallel gold markets, pay attention to its different tendencies to different variables in different regimes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The Designing Early Warning System of Financial Crisis Outbreak in Tehran Stock Exchange by Logit & Probit Model
alireza gholizadeh Mir Feiz Fallah Shams Mohammad Ali Afshar KazemiEncountering with financial crises of supervision and predicting such these events which are necessary to decrease their negative effects on finanicial and economical markets. The current paper is aimed to review the designing the early warning system of financial crisi MoreEncountering with financial crises of supervision and predicting such these events which are necessary to decrease their negative effects on finanicial and economical markets. The current paper is aimed to review the designing the early warning system of financial crisis outbreak in Tehran stock Exchange. Due to this purpose, it’s used the weekly datas during the years from 1997 to 2019 (1121 weeks). The mean of crises in this present papper is the falling more than 15% of price index (TEPIX) toward last three months. Hence, it’s been used the dummy variable for operating the dependent variable. It’s been used the residual of auto regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) for measuring the shocks caused by the price of stocks, exchange rate, price of oil and gold. The result is modeled by Logit & Probit model and showed that probability of the crisis outbreak is increased by decreasing the stock price in past period as well as the outbreaking of crisis in past period after reviewing and analyzing the data. While the decreasing of exchange rate, increasing of the gold price, and decreasing of oil price don’t affect on crisis outbreak in current periods as meaningfully. Based on weekly data, 44 crisis has occurred which both models have predicted 36 crisis. The power of crisis predicting is 82% and the power of predicting for total model is about 99%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Historical Memory, Ethnic Identity and Globalization: an Intergenerational Study in Sanandaj
Gholamabbas Tavasoli Jamal Adhami -
Open Access Article
30 - People Perception Regarding Possible Impact of Urbanization on Environmental Degradation in Islamabad
Bilal Ahmad Sadaf Saqlain -
Open Access Article
31 - Public Sector and Globalization: Towards New public Management
Ali Shakoori -
Open Access Article
32 - Levels of Identity in the Age of Globalization and its Role on Policy-making
Vahid Zolfaghari Aliakbar Jafari -
Open Access Article
33 - Historical and Philosophical Development of Development Sociology
Lucky Osaretin Odia -
Open Access Article
34 - The Impact of Globalization on Women Political Participation (A Case Study of Pakistan 1999-2010)
Syed Raheem Abbas Shah Muhammad Asim Syed Mukitiar Hussain Bukari Munzoor Ahmad -
Open Access Article
35 - Emotional Divorce in Tehran City
Sattar Parvin Abdolhossein Kalantari Maryam Davoodi Fariborz Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
36 - Explaining and Surveying the Pattern of the Globalization Process of Tehran Metropolis and the Requirement to Consider Opportunities
Leila Rezvani Ehsan Rahmani Khalili Reza Ali Mohseni -
Open Access Article
37 - Tourism Industry, Globalization, Encounter or Interaction
Delavrav Rahmat Shah Seyyed Ali Mousavi Noory Majid Akbari -
Open Access Article
38 - Critical Review of the Iranian Attempts towards the Development of Alternative Sociologies
Mohammad Amin Ghaneirad -
Open Access Article
39 - Globalization; Opportunity or Threat for Health? (A case Study of Iran)
ابوالقاسم گل خندان مهدی رستمیIntroduction: Health sector has been considerably affected by globalization, despite its public and non-commercial nature. Globalization can directly effect on health through the removal of customs barriers, the creation of common markets, growth and income distribution MoreIntroduction: Health sector has been considerably affected by globalization, despite its public and non-commercial nature. Globalization can directly effect on health through the removal of customs barriers, the creation of common markets, growth and income distribution and; In addition, globalization can affect the field of health through several factors such as its impact on culture and customs. So, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of globalization on health in Iran. Methods: This study is paid to study dynamic long-term and short-term relationship between health indicators, globalization Indexes, per capita income and per capita physician, by using time series data from 1979-2011. For this purpose is used the bounds co integration test and Auto-Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) model. Also,the statistical analyzes were performed using software Eviews and Microfit. Results: Based on the results of the ARDL model, total globalization, economic globalization, social globalization, income per capita and per capita physician; improve health indicators in the short-term and long-term, while the influence of political globalization on health indicators is meaningless in the short-term and long-term. One percent increase in the index of total globalization, increases the life expectancy in the short-term and long-term, respectively, 0.03 and 0.14 percent and decreasesthe mortality rateofchildren under 5 years in the short-term and long-term, respectively 0.07 and 0.29 percent. Conclusion: The results indicate that economic globalization is remarkable compared to other aspects of globalization, health indicators improved; therefore, move towards an open economy can be effective in promoting public health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Global Recession and Its Impact on Telecommunication Industry: An Empirical Dissection
O. Gautam V. K. Singh R. Sharma -
Open Access Article
41 - Developing a Model of Target Market Selection for Movie Products
A. A. Farhangi T. Hasanqolipour A. Mozaffari E. RashidiDespite the rich resources and abundant talent, the Iranian film industry has not had much success in international trade. One of the important decisions facing the film industry to enter global markets is target markets selection. The main objective of this research is MoreDespite the rich resources and abundant talent, the Iranian film industry has not had much success in international trade. One of the important decisions facing the film industry to enter global markets is target markets selection. The main objective of this research is to present a model of target markets selection for Iranian cinema products. The research model has unique characteristics of Iranian cinema. The study population consisted of all administrators and experts in Companies distributing film goods. The research data was collected through interviews and questionnaires and the statistical methods of multiple regression and path analysis were used for data analysis. Research findings indicate that six factors affect the selection of target market of cinema products: fit between audience preferences and product, supporting capabilities, potential attractiveness of market, media infrastructure, and accessibility of market and competition status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Consequences of JoiningWTO in Iranian Food Industry
H. Vazifehdoust B. Safavi B. AhmadiGlobalization and sustainable development are of most important economic issues of any country that will not be successfully handled without adequate foreign exchange supply and improvement of domestic production (especially in advantageous industries). F MoreGlobalization and sustainable development are of most important economic issues of any country that will not be successfully handled without adequate foreign exchange supply and improvement of domestic production (especially in advantageous industries). Food industries are one of significant advantageous industries of Iran and enjoy many production advantageous including plenty of economical raw materials, excess and trained human resources, etc. the main question of the current research investigates the positive and negative consequences of Iran’s joining to WTO on domestic food industries (Azarbayjan Sharghi as the sample). All of active companies in food production and export in the province of Azarbayjan Sharghi with 50 or more employees have been chosen as the statistical sample. Using questionnaires, the information is gathered from the highest person in charge for marketing, financial, administrative and supervisory functions. The results suggest that the Iran’s join to WTO will lead to bankruptcy of traditional and small food producers in short and medium time due to competitive incompetencies in sales price, quality, etc. However, regarding potentials of the country (Azarbayjan Sharghi, in specific) in food industries, if mechanized production systems are employed and word-level quality, packaging and standards be considered, the domestic industry can compete internationally. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Presenting Pattern of Global Management Accounting Based on Critical Thinking
Mona Abednazari Ferydoon Rahnamay Roodroshti Hashem Nikoomaram Zahra PoorzamaniThe aim of the present study was to develop a model for global management accounting principles based on a critical approach. To this end, four principles of relevance, influence, value, and trust were considered as the global management accounting principles and the fa MoreThe aim of the present study was to develop a model for global management accounting principles based on a critical approach. To this end, four principles of relevance, influence, value, and trust were considered as the global management accounting principles and the factors affecting these principles and their outcomes were examined. The research hypotheses were developed based on structural, theoretical, and applied frameworks based on the critical paradigm. The collected data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling and, finally, a model with good fit was extracted. The results of the study suggested that the current position of management accounting is not convincing in theory and practice (based on critical thinking), and the global management accounting principles need to be taken into account in all structural and practical domains for the development of management accounting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Develop a management accounting maturity model
Armaghan Nasertorabi abdolreza talaneh fardin mansoriThe category of management accounting is one of the important topics that by providing and providing useful information within the organization in various fields, you can have the value of buying in the organization. Due to the difference in the level of maturity of org MoreThe category of management accounting is one of the important topics that by providing and providing useful information within the organization in various fields, you can have the value of buying in the organization. Due to the difference in the level of maturity of organizations (organizational life, organization size, management attitude, organizational culture, etc.) from the use of "14 procedures of management accounting", the block of management accounting is not always the same and the variable of compliance with the "four principles of global accounting" Is managed. The purpose of this paper is to modify the management accounting maturity model. For this purpose, first a set of concepts, factors, key dimensions and management accounting indicators were extracted. Then, in order to confirm the concepts, factors and characteristics of 86 experts and experts in the management accounting profession using purposive sampling, a survey was conducted and their views were examined and research data were analyzed using SPSS software. Finally, maturity levels were determined using the Integrated Maturity Model (CMMI) logic. The research findings show that for a total of five levels of maturity, 282 indicators must be observed to guide the organization to the highest level, ie "optimal". One of the most important results of the research is to develop a tool for self-organization in order to change the differences between the expectations of organizations and the strategic goal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - A review on application of biochar (biological coal) bioabsorbent in environmental sustainability with the approach of energy, water, and agriculture
Laleh Ghafghazi Lobat TaghaviProviding sustainable sources of energy, global warming, and maintaining soil health are the main challenges of the 21st century. Biochar has great potential in addressing these global issues and can be effective in achieving sustainable development goals. Biochar obtai MoreProviding sustainable sources of energy, global warming, and maintaining soil health are the main challenges of the 21st century. Biochar has great potential in addressing these global issues and can be effective in achieving sustainable development goals. Biochar obtained from waste biomass (plant residues, urban and rural wastes) is a catalyst for the anaerobic digestion process and increases bioenergy production due to its mineral content and buffering capacity. This article is the result of reviewing valid online papers from Google Scholar, Science Direct, Research Gate, Elsevier, and Springer. The Results showed high advantages of biochar for using in the production of renewable energy and reducing greenhouse gases. Biochar potentially increases methane and hydrogen productions in anaerobic digestion and is efficient in on-site biogas enrichment, leading to biomethane production with a purity of more than 90%. On the other hand, it can be a cheap and potential replacement for the electrode of microbial fuel cells and reduce the cost of ion-based batteries. The application of biochar in the agricultural ecosystem increases carbon sequestration in soil and reduces methane and nitrogen oxide emission. The structural characteristics such as high surface area, optimal pore distribution, surface reactivity, hydrophobicity, and many functional groups make this adsorbent a suitable choice for the remediation of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The potential of sustainable use of biochar in biological energy production (biogas and biohydrogen), reduction of greenhouse gases, carbon sequestration and soil health, and wastewater treatment along with its future challenges and perspectives is necessary with the Nexus approach of energy, water, and agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - The Impact of Virtual Social Networks on National Identity (Case Study of Students at Sistan and Baluchestan University)
Abdul Latif CaravaniIntroduction and Purpose of the Research: National identity, the main synthesis and specific link between local identity and Common transnational identities. National identity is a set of attitudes and positive attitudes towards identifying elements and patterns and int MoreIntroduction and Purpose of the Research: National identity, the main synthesis and specific link between local identity and Common transnational identities. National identity is a set of attitudes and positive attitudes towards identifying elements and patterns and integrated in the state as a political unit. National identity is influenced by several factors, one of the factors that could affect the national identity, are virtual social networks. In this way and with the aim of the present study, Study the relationship between virtual social networks with national identity. Research method: This research survey was conducted among students at the University of Sistan and Baluchestan. A sample of 400 selected according to Cochran formula and stratified sampling has been conducted. Findings: The results show that the variables Join the virtual social network, Internet usage, the use of virtual social networks, the history use of virtual social networks, The sense of freedom in virtual social networks, Type of content sharing, kind Likes and Comments, join the groups, and the type of news they have a significant relationship with national identity. Findings suggest that the underlying variables, the variables age, sex, education, and ethnicity have a significant relationship with the national identity. Conclusion: In summary, based on research findings, virtual social networks are one of the factors that make a lot of changes to user identities, and especially to the national identity of users, and has a significant role in changing the identity of users Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Identification of Cultural Influence Factors in Individuals' Tendency to New Type of Couples Life (Couple)
Mehri Afrashteh toktam farmanfarmaeeIntroduction and ppurpose of the Research: In our country, always there has been positive attitude toward the family and it (the family) has been considered as a basic unit of society, but unfortunately in the today's society, the family has been involved in a conceptua MoreIntroduction and ppurpose of the Research: In our country, always there has been positive attitude toward the family and it (the family) has been considered as a basic unit of society, but unfortunately in the today's society, the family has been involved in a conceptual change. Therefore, as for the mentioned problems, the present study intends to identify the factors of the cultural penetration in individual’s orientation to the new type of couples' life (cohabitation) from the perspective of cultural theories. The studied population in this research, is composed of men and women in Tehran city who have experienced and is composed of a unlimited population in Tehran city. Methods: The research method is descriptive-survey. Since cohabitation in Iran is a crime, identifying cohabitants has been hardly done, for this reason, through purposive sampling, was interviewed with 30 respondents (sample size = 25 respondents) who has experienced cohabitation. Foundings: In order to identifying effective factors on cohabitation, firstly was done deph interview with 7 respondents and after identifying the effective factors, was designed a questionnaire. This questionnaire that was composed of a number of closed questions, and attained its validity and reliability, was distributed among men and women who had experienced cohabitation. With the use of SPSS software, was analyzed the questionnaires data. Whereas distribution of the data was normal, has been used of parametric t-Tests. Conclusions: As for identifying the factors of cultural penetration among men and women who have tendency to cohabitation; cultural, economic, and social changes and mass media was recognized as the cultural penetration factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The Effect of Cultural Dimensions of Globalization on Women's Culture ( Case Study: Female Students of Azad University, South Branch)
Nooshzad Yeganeh Rahmatollah Sedigh Sarvestani Seyyed Reza Salehi Amiri Zahra BehbahaniThe study aimed to assess the impact of cultural aspects of globalization on IranianWomen's three Cultural components (identity, behavior and dress) with crosscorrelationmethod ,was implemented in 1392.The methodology of research hastwo levels of descriptive and analysi MoreThe study aimed to assess the impact of cultural aspects of globalization on IranianWomen's three Cultural components (identity, behavior and dress) with crosscorrelationmethod ,was implemented in 1392.The methodology of research hastwo levels of descriptive and analysis by sort of survey and sample size of n = 351with using Cochran formula ,and number 4023 is obtained from Simple randomsampling of female students of the Faculty of Management and Accounting, TehranSouth Branch. Tools for data collection is a questionnaire based on Likert (fiveoptions) and reliability is based on using Cronbach's Alpha which is equal to ./824. Inline with the original hypothesis, this result was confirmed that globalization is aninevitable process and its Impact on women's culture in Iran will depend on the typeof actions of responsibles and policy makers. If policy makers do not understand thenew requirements and do not adopting measures to deal proactively with the waveof globalization, This trend poses a threat to women's culture and Will lead to itsweakening.As a result ,the cultural dimensions of globalization, such as identity,dress andmorality impact on women and culture of their lives.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Studying the role of cultural managements of broadcasting network for globalization of culture
ابوالفضل صمدیان سید بلال سید علویIntroduction and objective : in any history, there are special words indicating the nature and essence of that era. Globalization is a word that is the bed forming the nature of various human fields in current century and because culture is a sensitive and important MoreIntroduction and objective : in any history, there are special words indicating the nature and essence of that era. Globalization is a word that is the bed forming the nature of various human fields in current century and because culture is a sensitive and important concept, indicating the fate of a society, for this reason, culture governing on a society may be controlled and guided and on the other hand be managed. This study aims to investigate whether cultural managers may play role in globalization trend? Methodology: the methodology of this study is descriptive of field and library type and there was used library and questionnaire for data collection and it was used Lickert model by assessing the view and for data analysis there was used Z‐test according to two kinds of tests, comparative test and percentage test for standardization. Results: According to the results, in the first hypothesis, Ho is rejected and H2 is accepted and by con fidence level of 99%, cultural managers have posive view for globalization and in the second hypothesis also, H o is rejected and H1 is accepted that by con fidence level of 99%, globalizaon may enforce its route on country’s managers and in the third hypothesis also H 1 is accepted and in confidence level of 99%, we conclude that cultural managements of country may in fluence on globalization. Conclusion: culture globalization is the inevitable result of social common structures and individual and collective needs and in this field, cultural management and planning may play important role for maintaining the culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Designing development model of intercultural relations in the era of golbalization
اسماعیل کاوسی فرزانه احمدزاده داود ستوده یگانهIntroduction and Objective: Today, one of the world's capacity to develop, promote communication and exchange among cultures and civilizations Vthvlat recent decades in the field of international relations, indicating the importance of the issue of the objectives of im MoreIntroduction and Objective: Today, one of the world's capacity to develop, promote communication and exchange among cultures and civilizations Vthvlat recent decades in the field of international relations, indicating the importance of the issue of the objectives of improving relations between the states, so Today, the world has witnessed the emergence of the field of cultural unions, and challenges in the field of international disputes, and resolving the convergence of states and nations. they provide being designed. Methods: The aim of this study in terms of research and in terms of theoretical and basic research method is a survey method relies. The research population consisted of experts and executives in the Department of Cultural Affairs. Results: The results of documentary research suggests that culture can make a deep connection between people and a stable category, the mergers, cross-border, acquisition, sharing, creating a unifying and consistent And can provide the stability in international relations. While the findings suggest that despite the efforts of foreign policy aimed at expanding the country's national interest, as trustee, the most appropriate way and not all the features and capabilities in the field of cultural globalization is not used. Conclusion: The combination of documentary and field research results and combine them in an operational model based on local guidelines contained in domestic, regional and international is a cultural component to increase efficiency and develop relations were developed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The cultural position of sport channel programs by the focus on Globalization process
Fatemeh Azizabadi Farahani Reza DastaniIntroduction and Aim: Sports and related phenomena are considered among the realms in which the media plays a significant role for their reflections towards audiences. Media is regarded as the substantial grounding factor for the Globalization process and it is recogniz MoreIntroduction and Aim: Sports and related phenomena are considered among the realms in which the media plays a significant role for their reflections towards audiences. Media is regarded as the substantial grounding factor for the Globalization process and it is recognized as the main element for Tran’s fering the culture into the society. Therefore, recognition and identification of the performance of sport programs in the realm of culture due to the category of Globalization is primarily necessary. Purpose of the study the objective of present research is to scrutinize the cultural status of sport channel programs with the emphasis on Globalization from the viewpoint of experts and sport programmers. Method: This research is applicable due to its related objective; it is descriptive, due to the pertinent strategy; it is measurement-based, due to the implementation procedure. Meanwhile, the required data and information are collected by quantitative case study procedure. Statistical universe of the research includes the total experts and authorities regarded as the managers, custodians and sport channel programmers whom are selected by purposeful sampling method. The sample volume consists of 118 managers, programmers and experts. Findings: The research data was analysed in the two levels of descriptive statistics by computing statistical indices such as the mean value and standard deviation in the forms of pertinent schedules and inferential statistics by applying kelmogrov-smirnov test, independent t- test and one- sample t-test. This procedure was implemented by applying spss 19 software with the significance level of p 0.05. Conclusions: Findings of the present research indicate that there is a meaningful difference between the observed status and expected position in the cultural grounds of sport channel programs, due to the displaying status of sport fields, selecting status of sport tournament, vestment and make-up positions, the status of convention, Identity positions, the status of women’s sports and the leisure time in sport programs. Meanwhile, there is a significant difference between the viewpoints of experts and programmers, due to the selecting status of sport tournament, the status of convention, Identity positions. The status of women’s sports and cultural position of sport programs. Whereas, there is no meaningful difference between the viewpoints of experts and programmers due to the displaying status of sport fields, vestment and make- up positions, and the leisure time in sport programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - UNESCO’s Position in Cultural Planning & Development of Iran
دکتر سیدرضا صالحی امیری لیلی زمانی هرگلانیThis research explains UNESCO’s Position in Iran’s Cultural Planning &Development. To do so, culture and development have initially been explainedthrough UNESCO’s viewpoint; then, development theories have been studied andstable human development h MoreThis research explains UNESCO’s Position in Iran’s Cultural Planning &Development. To do so, culture and development have initially been explainedthrough UNESCO’s viewpoint; then, development theories have been studied andstable human development has been defined. Also, Iran’s cultural heritage has beenstudied to survey UNESCO’s activities according to UNESCO’s 4 CulturalDevelopment Aims. Finally, the aims and questions of this very research have beenstated and the conclusion has been explained according to the data collection andanalysis done through the questionnaires handed out to experts related to UNESCO.The result of this research is that UNESCO has had a leading role in protecting,distributing and reviving Iran’s cultural heritage, Iran’s cultural interchange with othercountries and Iran’s Cultural identity revival. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Studying the relationship between virtual social networks and Leisure: A Case Study of Kashan University
Abdollatif Karevani Samira AtashafroozIntroduction and purpose research: Leisure as a phenomenon and even sometimes in some communities as a matter of cultural, social, and even political common thread between all segments of society. Because of the importance of leisure time and attributes that have attrac MoreIntroduction and purpose research: Leisure as a phenomenon and even sometimes in some communities as a matter of cultural, social, and even political common thread between all segments of society. Because of the importance of leisure time and attributes that have attracted the attention of some of them. Leisure is affected by various issues, one of which is virtual social networks. and With the same aim of the present study to investigate the relationship between virtual social networks and leisure activities. Research Method: The research study was The survey carried out among kashan university students. The sample size based on the sample of 415 selected using stratified sampling data have been collected. Results: The results show that variables such as membership in virtual social networks, the number of friends on virtual social networks and the use of virtual social networks (chat, likes and comments and recreation) have a significant relationship with leisure activities . Also among the background variables, gender and economic status have a meaningful relationship with their leisure time. Conclusion: In total, according to the findings of this study can be said that virtual social networks play an important role in leisure time users. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The Effects of Exports of Cultural Products on Globalization
الهه حیدری زاده فاطمه توحیدی اردهائیThis research aiming to study the effects of exports of cultural products onglobalization, initially represents the concept of globalization, the factors affecting itand its consequences, and then states the critical theory on the cultural products.Afterwards, the two t MoreThis research aiming to study the effects of exports of cultural products onglobalization, initially represents the concept of globalization, the factors affecting itand its consequences, and then states the critical theory on the cultural products.Afterwards, the two types of cultural products are introduced and the relation betweenthe phenomenon of globalization and cultural products and also its relation with theculturizing industry are described.This study is functional in terms of purpose and correlational in terms ofimplementing method. The results from the investigation indicates that according tothe viewpoints of the experts, the components of culture management, culture value,and the structural dimension are ranked from first to third in terms of affecting thephenomenon of globalization. The results also show that there is a significant relationbetween exports of cultural products and the dimensions of culture structure, culturemanagement and culture value. It was also proved that there is a significant relationbetween exports of cultural products and the phenomenon of globalization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The role of GNOs in sustainable cultural development in globalization age
دکتر محسن قدمی یوسف بیگ زادهDevelopment and develop mentality has been one of the most important topics inall dimensions in recent years and human societies with the entire facilities want oachieve this goal .Cultural development is among the in indicators of development inwhich different organiza MoreDevelopment and develop mentality has been one of the most important topics inall dimensions in recent years and human societies with the entire facilities want oachieve this goal .Cultural development is among the in indicators of development inwhich different organizations and institutions operate. NGO are among the nongovernmentalorganizations which have been effective in developing culturaldevelopment of societies especially in globalization era. These NGO have been ableto solve many of the problems for achieving cultural development. in this article,attempt is made to examine the status of non- governmental organizations and theirrole in cultural development in globalization era and the challenges which theseorganizations face Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Effect of Solvent polarities on the molecular properties of 2-(2-nitrovinyl) furan
Moriam Adeoye KAZEEM ALABI Ibahim Abdulsalaami -
Open Access Article
57 - A density functional theory study of the region selectivity of the Diels –Aldercyclo addition of 2 methyl- substituted diene with selected dienophiles
A. Nouri E. Zahedi F. Joneydi Jafari S. Sedaghat -
Open Access Article
58 - Developing and explaining a model for making universities smarter with a global level:
sepedeh golijanimoghadam محمدخانی mohamadkhani nadergholi ghorchian amirhosein mohamad davodiIn this research, a model has been devised and validated to make universities smarter Compared with globally balance. The research method in this paper is a mixed one. First based on qualitative method and specifically based on the grounded theory and by interviewing th MoreIn this research, a model has been devised and validated to make universities smarter Compared with globally balance. The research method in this paper is a mixed one. First based on qualitative method and specifically based on the grounded theory and by interviewing the subject matter experts, the dimensions, components and indicators of making universities smarter with a global level are extracted and analyzed. Then, in the quantitative phase, by a questionnaire based on qualitative stage indices and based on its data - 175 valid questionnaires - validating and analyzing the factor structure of the university-level smart universities model was used.The findings of the qualitative research showed that the smarter university with a global level has 5 dimensions (based on Grounded Theory components) and 29 components. These dimensions include the dimension of "smarter technologies", "smarter competencies", "smarter processes", "superior standards" and "organizational quality". Quantitative section findings also showed that based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, factor loadings of all indices were above 0.3. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Particular and universal dialectics and development-oriented cultural changes
Adel AbdollahiOn co-existence of local and global cultures, theorists such as Robertson and Giddens focus on the dialectics of the local and global culture. Inspired by this approach, this paper delves into the particular and general dialectics and development-oriented cultural chang MoreOn co-existence of local and global cultures, theorists such as Robertson and Giddens focus on the dialectics of the local and global culture. Inspired by this approach, this paper delves into the particular and general dialectics and development-oriented cultural change in Hawraman. The central questions are: How do local residents think about the dialectics of local and global cultures? What is their impression about universalist and particularistic behaviors? Methodology of the article is qualitative methods. Different techniques such as oral history, content analysis, field observations and interviews are used for data collection.The collected data was analyzed using content and thematic analysis techniques. The results showed that a change has happened in Hawraman handicrafts to increase product sale and efficiency; this is in line with the revival of the local within the framework of global rules. In this regard, Hawramani youth are trying to represent local culture in the media in order to promote tourism and universalization of local culture. Women see economic activity as a liberating behavior which provides them with various opportunities. Also, the people in Hawraman have had a local reading of the universal rules, such as environmental protection, and, in this way, have made the dialectics of the particular and the universal. In this way, they have made the grounds for institutionalization of development-oriented and universalist perspectives. So, it is necessary to pay attention to the cultural contexts of local communities and pave the path of development by appropriately combining the global with the local culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - The Challenge of the Developmental States in Mobilizing Educated Forces
حمید سجادی ابراهیم متقیDeveloping countries’ priority in programs is given to training human resources. Higher education puts forward new demands and concerns and heightens the expectations of the educated people. Besides, the advancement of modern communication and information technolo MoreDeveloping countries’ priority in programs is given to training human resources. Higher education puts forward new demands and concerns and heightens the expectations of the educated people. Besides, the advancement of modern communication and information technologies accelerates this process. This process could result in a high potential for development; however, the strategy of states in the form of a step-by-step development in various fields has produced the adverse outcome for these countries. What would be the challenges before Developmental States in following a step-by-step development process concurrent with the promotion of education in the society? And how would the rise of new demands along with the objection of modern educated forces, who are focused on economic development, be understandable? Before answering this question, it must be clarified that the modern social forces, having different concerns from those of the planned steps of development, are recognized as the anti-development forces. The requirements of these growing classes of the society are not prioritized within the Development Plans of developing countries. Due to the lack of structural integration, these countries are deprived from utilizing the talents of these educated forces as the main source of development. Based on the necessity of solidarity and mobilization of social forces for development specifically the educated people, in this study we will analyze the Development Plans and by redefining development, we will try to identify the solidarity and balance required by the society for the realization of development as a strategy for fulfillment of development plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Conceptualization of international branding by Econometrics method
fatemeh fathollahi MOHAMMAD AZIZI maryam lashkarizadeh Despite numerous studies on a wide range of topics in the field of branding, international branding isnot sufficiently covered. If there is a comprehensive approach to branding, a brand can be used as a strategictool to improve company performance. While paying at More Despite numerous studies on a wide range of topics in the field of branding, international branding isnot sufficiently covered. If there is a comprehensive approach to branding, a brand can be used as a strategictool to improve company performance. While paying attention to this issue at the international level is doublyimportant. However, research in this field, especially in the institutional context of Iran, is scattered and limited.This research, which is done by using Sciencetomeric method, citation analysis method, and evaluation andcontent analysis of documents, intends to review studies in this area; and provide a conceptual and integratedmodel by organizing researches and using content analysis of documents. The statistical population of thisresearch includes all the documents presented in the Scopus database with 207 documents (including articles,books, etc.) until 2020, and this population has been evaluated and visualized by BIBEXCLE and VOSVIEWERsoftware. Based on the content analysis of these documents, research on "International Branding" is divided intofive sections of the nature of branding, drivers, branding antecedent conditions, key elements in internationalbranding, and market-related factors in international branding. According to this research outcomes,suggestions for future researches are provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Globalization and structural changes in rural society
Mansour Vosoughi Ali Imani Ali Kazemi -
Open Access Article
63 - A survey about the impact of women's education and their value orientation toward development
Hassan Saraie Sousan Sahami -
Open Access Article
64 - Particular and Universal Dialectics and Development-oriented Cultural Changes
Adel AbdollahiOn co-existence of local and global cultures in the process of globalization, theorists such as Ronald Robertson and Anthony Giddens focus on the dialectics of the local and global culture. Inspired by this approach, this paper delves into the particular and general dia MoreOn co-existence of local and global cultures in the process of globalization, theorists such as Ronald Robertson and Anthony Giddens focus on the dialectics of the local and global culture. Inspired by this approach, this paper delves into the particular and general dialectics and development-oriented cultural change in Hawraman. The central questions of this research are as follows: Can one speak about the coexistence and combination of global and local cultures in Hawraman? How do local residents think about the dialectics of local and global cultures? What is their impression about Universalist and particularistic behaviors? Methodology of the article is based on qualitative methods. Different techniques such as oral history, content analysis, field observations and interviews are used for data collection. Forty-five in-depth interviews were conducted with the studied population. The collected data was analyzed using content and thematic analysis techniques. The results showed that a change has happened in Hawraman handicrafts to increase product sale and efficiency; this is in line with the revival of the local within the framework of global rules. In this regard, Hawramani youth are trying to represent local culture in the media in order to promote tourism and universalization of local culture. Women see economic activity as a liberating behavior which provides them with various opportunities. This behavior of women has led to desexification of economic activities and relative promotion of universal values such as horizontal structure of power in the family. Also, the people in Hawraman have had a local reading of the universal rules, such as environmental protection, and, in this way, have made the dialectics of the particular and the universal. In this way, they have made the grounds for institutionalization of development-oriented and Universalist perspectives. In such circumstances, it is essential that development reformers pay attention to the cultural and social contexts of local communities in their plans and pave the path of development by appropriately combining the global with the local culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - The Challenge of Development-oriented Government in Mobilizing the Educated Force
Hamid Sajadi Ebrahim Mottaghi -
Open Access Article
66 - The Generational Study of Marriage Value Change in Iran (Case of Study: Women in Zanjan City)
Hassan Saraie Sajjad Ojaghloo -
Open Access Article
67 - The Network of Global Cities and Polygonal Organization of Development
Abbas Mossalanejad -
Open Access Article
68 - Globalization and Sustainable Development
Mohammad Reza Dehshiri -
Open Access Article
69 - Similar Figures in the World; the Evaluation of Globalization Effect on Body Management
Soroush Fathi Azar Rashtiani -
Open Access Article
70 - The Evaluation of Identity Trilogy Dimensions (Regional, National and Global) among the Youth and its Role on the Cultural Development of East Azarbayijan Province
Mehrdad Navabakhsh Ahmadali Moghtaderzadeh Melki -
Open Access Article
71 - Globalization and the Role of Media on the Emergence of Students’ Collective Identity
Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi Borzou Morovvat -
Open Access Article
72 - The effect of trade liberalization on economic growth in Iran
AhmadAli AsadpourBesides trade Globalization with the countries joining the global economy over time Issue is that different countries are considered by economists. Therefore, this study examines the factors affecting economic growth, including trade Globalization can be addressed. For MoreBesides trade Globalization with the countries joining the global economy over time Issue is that different countries are considered by economists. Therefore, this study examines the factors affecting economic growth, including trade Globalization can be addressed. For the purpose of statistical time series and by the year 1360 to 1393 and using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Method (ARDL) was used. Also check the causality relationship between trade Globalization and economic growth in the long term and short term error correction model was used to test causality.Results from this study showed positive and significant impact variables, the natural logarithm of total investment, Natural logarithm of the total number of labor and trade Globalization on growth rate economy in the short term and long term. The Wald test on coefficients using error correction model, this result was achieved always in the short term and long-term causality of trade Globalization to economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Review and implementation of sustainable management strategies of peri urban areas; Tehran and global metropolis
mahdi Amini یوسفعلی زیاریIncreased migration and population growth and urban expansion in Tehran metropolitan has created problems for the planning and decision making; One of the most serious threats to the Privacy is the Act of 6000 km. city Privacy is hte Protection of the environment is cri MoreIncreased migration and population growth and urban expansion in Tehran metropolitan has created problems for the planning and decision making; One of the most serious threats to the Privacy is the Act of 6000 km. city Privacy is hte Protection of the environment is critical for proper management that requires knowledge of the relevant issues and management practices for dealing with them. most important people in poverty and unemployment. The present study approch preservation and maintenance of metropolitan Tehran Privacy sustainable development . While the prioritization of environmental, social, economic and general factors prioritization These strategies are presented and for Sustainable Development Policy and prioritization all the strategies is also presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Analysis of the 21st Century Global Culture System and its Impact on Ethnic Interactions in Southwest Asia
masood taheri Golam hasan Heydari Ezat allah EzatiThe emergence of the international system since the collapse of the Soviet Union has brought analysts to issues of politics and power to the increasing importance of culture and its political role. Due to the impact of the Global Geocaching System on Ethnic Interactions MoreThe emergence of the international system since the collapse of the Soviet Union has brought analysts to issues of politics and power to the increasing importance of culture and its political role. Due to the impact of the Global Geocaching System on Ethnic Interactions, the author of this paper, using a descriptive-analytical approach and library studies, aims to analyze the 21st Century Global Geocaching System and its impact on Southwest Asian societies. The emergence of identity movements in Southwest Asia and new social movements in the West indicate that new forces worldwide are emerging from all the dominant structures. Thus, in the field of world politics and domestic politics, power is no longer merely a monopoly of states, but these forces, which have entered the field of politics as new actors and actors, havebeen able to increase the power and politics of society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Investigating the Effects of Climate Change and Global Warming on Sports Infrastructure and Events (Case study: Ski)
Seyed Mostafa Tayebi Sani sharareh norouzi Ali Fahiminejad Bagher MorsalThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects and consequences of climate change and global warming on the infrastructure of skiing in the coming years. This research is of descriptive-analytical type, which has been done through modeling and using Matlab software MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects and consequences of climate change and global warming on the infrastructure of skiing in the coming years. This research is of descriptive-analytical type, which has been done through modeling and using Matlab software, in order to evaluate the possibility of holding sports in 28 active and widely used ski sites in 2030 and 2050. The scenarios examined were reliable snow level in the lower range and above 1500 meters above sea level. The results suggest that with the current trend, The effects of climate change on winter tourism may be even more severe in countries such as Germany and Austria due to the lower altitude of their ski resorts. In Austria, the current snow line will rise by 200 to 300 meters in the next 30 to 50 years with climate change. If the snow level rises from 1,200 to 1,500 meters, the number of standard ski slopes will be reduced. Also, if the level reaches more than 1,500 meters, the number of ski resorts in the Alps will be reduced to 63%, and only 44% of the ski areas can be called reliable snow Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - A Study on Distribution of the Globalization factors in the Megalopolises of Developing Countries (A Case study of Tehran)
Alireza Soleymani Asghar NazarianAt the present research we have studied the manner and degree of sprawl andcentralization as related to the globalization in Tehran Metropolis. We have alsostudied and compared the circumstances of the sprawl and connection with thepopulation mass and the city center. A MoreAt the present research we have studied the manner and degree of sprawl andcentralization as related to the globalization in Tehran Metropolis. We have alsostudied and compared the circumstances of the sprawl and connection with thepopulation mass and the city center. According to our studies there is an inverserelation between the mass of population and localization of the globalizationapplications. These phenomena tend to the localization outside of the business centerof the city. In relation to the centralization of the applications or their localconnectivity it may be mentioned that most of these applications tend towardconvergence (centralization) and the whole applications related to the globalizationhave a convergence and centralization attitude toward each other and the highdistribution coefficient confirms this factor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - The importance of Environmental Geopolitics in today's world
زهرا Pishgahifard عمران AlizadehThe advent of industrial revolution in Europe and Modern technology in human'slife led to many changes on the earth. These events which were along with the off takeand destruction of the natural resources all over the geographical regions of the globeled to deep changes MoreThe advent of industrial revolution in Europe and Modern technology in human'slife led to many changes on the earth. These events which were along with the off takeand destruction of the natural resources all over the geographical regions of the globeled to deep changes on the earth. These changes in half second 20th century which werealong with the destruction of ozone, vast extinction of vital species, strong destructionof herbaceous strong reduction of natural resources caused Environmental crises.From the beginning, governments reacted against these events like other crises.They tried to restrain from much Environmental crises in national, regional anduniversal term by international meeting, manifesto issuance and different convention.These crises were so deep and vast that in addition to governments, parties and Nongovernmentorganizations such as "Green peace parties" were made all over the world.Near the end 20th century they could control the governments in some of the industrialcountries with expanding their activities and national acceptability.The aim of this essay is explaining the concepts of Environmental geopolitics anddiscovering whether these environmental crises will change to conflicts and crisesamong the nations of a country, in region countries and finally the universal areas.Also how Geopolitics and Environmental researchers can suggest guidelines to thegovernments and Non- Government organization in order to restrain from changingEnvironmental crises to security crises.The results of the research show that Environmental crises and strong reduction ofnatural resources will be the source of many national and regional confects in thefuture. More relations, consideration, national, regional and universal conflicts basedon these crises will come to existence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - The Importance (Significance) of Regionalism and its Role in Development
عبدارضا FarajizadehToday, the geographic factor of regional convergence has gained prominence in mostcountries of the word. Considering the globalization of the world economy and theneed for more economic and political convergence among countries of a region, thereis hardly any country in MoreToday, the geographic factor of regional convergence has gained prominence in mostcountries of the word. Considering the globalization of the world economy and theneed for more economic and political convergence among countries of a region, thereis hardly any country in the world that has not considered regional convergence in itsdevelopment plans.Countries located in a specific regional group can protect their interests eliminatetheir weaknesses and problems more easily.In Europe, regionalism has proven to be successful and many other areas of theworld are following its example. “Nafta” in North America, “Mercosur” in LatinAmerica, “Asean” in Southeast Asia, “SAARC” in South Asia, and a multitude ofother organizations all indicate countries’ interests in regionalism. Although in theregion of our country, there has been an organization for some time OPEC- it hasrarely met success since the member countries do not share common interests.With the recent events in the Persian Gulf during the past two years, commoninterests have arisen among the countries of this region-especially in the matter ofenergy. It seems that by reducing the former conflicts, if the necessary steps are takentowards economic and political convergence, regional and inter- regional co-operationwill be enhanced with organizations such as the world trade Organization in order toreach our goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Challenges of globalization in developing countries, with emphasis on Iran
AliReza Estelaji Nemat HosseinzadehGlobalization phenomenon and changing in many aspects of life, especially in urbanarchitecture, family aspect society’s culture is a matter of whether the analytical mind has itsown busy. Accordingly, the greatest concern of analysts focused on family and cultural MoreGlobalization phenomenon and changing in many aspects of life, especially in urbanarchitecture, family aspect society’s culture is a matter of whether the analytical mind has itsown busy. Accordingly, the greatest concern of analysts focused on family and culturaldamage that globalization causes in developing countries, particularly Iran.Today, urbanization in developing countries is happening faster than developed countriesduring the boom of the industrial revolution. It’s about thousands of years, that cities arecenter of culture, thought social interaction between humans and urban development.However, since the emergence of humans on earth, the majority of the people have lived inthe, villages, towns, and mass tissue, but with the coming of the twenty-first century andespecially in the last two decades of the twentieth century is the time of occurring two majorglobal events on human life. One of these two events is urbanization and the emergence ofglobal cities which was formed in developing countries. Transformation of cities in developedcountries and the developing countries urban system should be considered in relation to thecomplex relationship between the global cities in developed countries, because all of globalcities are not located in developed countries, however it is likely that the term consists morecities in North America and Europe, but the growing importance of Asian cities and someurban centers in Latin America has increased a new dimension to the theory of developingcities in the era of globalization. This research wants to deal with the impact of globalizationin various fields of political, social, demographic, physical form of architecture and urbanculture in developing countries and Iran will be reviewed and evaluated. The method used inthis comparative study is to examine the impact of the globalization process and its challengesin developing countries, trends, events, and positive and negative effects of this phenomenonon a large third world cities, especially cities on the comparative study of using a library isdiscussed. The results show that the intensification of the globalization process, the cities ofdeveloping countries in terms of consumption patterns, popular culture and the builtenvironment are similar to their Western counterparts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Counteract between powre, policy and geography in important straits of the world
Nasrin Khaniha Zahra Pishgahi FardWe have been faced considerable developments in maritime trade after 2nd worldwar. Development of maritime trade led to considerable dependence of countries tofree shipping. Thus, maritime issues are considered as subset of national security. Thisis because access to ca MoreWe have been faced considerable developments in maritime trade after 2nd worldwar. Development of maritime trade led to considerable dependence of countries tofree shipping. Thus, maritime issues are considered as subset of national security. Thisis because access to capital and market is important factor of world new order and itdepends on sea lanes and important straits. Therefore, main security concern,especially in relation to opponents, requires precise strategic consideration forconfrontation with trade wars. Thus, this issue is reason for what cold warconsiderations are invalided and new problems are posed in front of countries.Alongside with ever-growing importance of maritime trade, international straits alsohave special position in sea new geopolitics. Although important straits had key role inpast too, but currently they are important economically. This issue in time after coldwar is reason which reduces importance of some straits and gives some other straitsspecial importance due to position that they have in world trade routes.This research along with considering changes made in meaning and context ofstrategic straits in two geopolitical periods, tries to analyze effects of policies andpowers on these straits. Results yielded from this issue indicate that Indian Ocean andits important straits due to key role that they play in maritime trade, they are veryimportant and this is reason of competition between world powers in these straits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Geopolitics approaches of Iran foreign politics in the Persian gulf area
عزت الله Ezati نبی الله RashnooSummary: Due to strategic and geo-economic importance, Persian Gulf has been taken into consideration of powerful countries all over the history. Nowadays, in the Persian Gulf area, Iran is potentially one of the fifteen powerful countries in the world. Having all chara MoreSummary: Due to strategic and geo-economic importance, Persian Gulf has been taken into consideration of powerful countries all over the history. Nowadays, in the Persian Gulf area, Iran is potentially one of the fifteen powerful countries in the world. Having all characteristics of power including: vast territory, deep strategic, natural resources, suitable population, special geopolitics situation and history, national identity, rich literature and active people. Since effectiveness of national power characteristics on foreign politics involves software aspects and continued international communication all over the world, inattention to this important point caused this country to increase prices and reduce national and local interests respect to lack of suitable situation in the new lineup of international system. On the other hand, wide and strategic relations of the neighbors with west on the Persian gulf area caused unusual local relations for Iran and influenced by west interactions. Respect to technological changes and need to accompaniment with it in the new social conditions of Iran, this current has become the most important challenge in the foreign politics and national development of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Globalization: Futuer of Territory & National Personality
حیدر LOTFI ناصر EGHBALIGlobalization can be investigated from different dimensions. In this sense, one of the discussions which should be paid attention to is the connection between globalization and the conception of land and identity. The term “identity” which is always accompan MoreGlobalization can be investigated from different dimensions. In this sense, one of the discussions which should be paid attention to is the connection between globalization and the conception of land and identity. The term “identity” which is always accompanied by holiness and native and ethnic values, is under an inevitable influence of globalization. This article is an attempt to investigate the main elements of globalization and its main viewpoints. The present article focuses on the fact that national identities will not be disappeared under the influence of globalization but will be present in formal and informal fields in new and more developed forms in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Effect of Globalization on Place's Identities
زهرا P.FARD ام البنی POOLABTrend toward the globalization are crossing the political borders and cultural boundaries of the countries increasingly then with unpredictable turns have made an impression on international relations and world cultural, economic, and political classifications. Further MoreTrend toward the globalization are crossing the political borders and cultural boundaries of the countries increasingly then with unpredictable turns have made an impression on international relations and world cultural, economic, and political classifications. Furthermore, the deep aptitude and emotional feelings have always existed among human beings about their territories. This fact inspired human beings to act always toward dissociation of people and groups and also parting and networking their own living territories and lands. Globalization provides human beings with means to have an access to the various resources of identity such as local identity; this access conduces to good view toward past identity resources, identity crisis and formation of identical portraits, respectively. This revolution may appear in the guise of opportunity to deepen our self-knowledge and it may appear in the guise of threat to trap us by self-alienation. This article from the political geography point of view is an attempt went toward the definition and interpretation for globalization interactions and local identity revolution in Iran. By this definition, it has been tried to introduce approaches to the optimal management of local identity in the globalization age. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Governance and the role of urban management in the age of globalization
حمید عرفانیان خانزادهIntroduction and Objective: Globalization, governance and urban management, are concepts that the introduction of the world-known and In the literature there are And scientific research, and management of the political debate in Medium Group and all system Social world MoreIntroduction and Objective: Globalization, governance and urban management, are concepts that the introduction of the world-known and In the literature there are And scientific research, and management of the political debate in Medium Group and all system Social world Eye Again. These words, the reaction Intellectual, ideological, political, economic and wider social There is a plus, as is the impact of management The government, Management Urban governance is affected by globalization Be prepared Be? To In other words, in this case the city manager form of government, to what extent and how global issues Making react, right? These in this article Discussed and evaluated in detail. Methods: This qualitative content analysis method has been developed as a sort of Fundamental Research, which variation from reliable sources and scientific literature, in a particular context (governance, urban management and globalization) to elicit ideas and deals. Findings: A good rule to follow strategies and goals for growth and change means a new role Results for Urban Affairs Certainly there is the possibility of growth without proper urban governance Not possible. Away from helping the development of local government, the city administration itself Might be a source of resistance to change. Now if this growth Invasive and may be performed as a bureaucratic obstacle occurs, thus reducing resistance to change, seeking urban governance model is proposed. Results: The current series, speaking about the rule Development of a new paradigm in which urban management Partnership with the private sector and civil society must work towards achieving sustainable development pay. Therefore specific rule That is, the set of relations with other parts of urban management The species Operate That each of the Targets achieved with high efficiency, maximum productivity, and collaboration with interactive activities using the maximum capacity Existing seems. Upon The core concept, to facilitating role Gray has emphasized the In this regard, the model of the city manager prior to the That the efficiency and effectiveness of the variables, such as Democracy, participation, accountability and justice Provide Planning and Facilitate the activities of other sectors Considering the sustainable development of society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Effective Urban Land Management With Systemic Approach to Transfer Of Development Rights (TDR) Based on Globally Enrichments
Najmeh Mozaffaree Pour Samaneh SoltaniBackground and Objective study: Without a comprehensive and holistic approach to defining urban land development and expansion of the city's growth is impossible. It is impossible without the knowledge of the dimensions of urban land. Systematic approach not only helps MoreBackground and Objective study: Without a comprehensive and holistic approach to defining urban land development and expansion of the city's growth is impossible. It is impossible without the knowledge of the dimensions of urban land. Systematic approach not only helps in the analysis of urban land urban land issues, there is a clear and transparent view, but its relationship with other components as well to be determined. The purpose of this study is that in relied on a system approach; the efficiency of transfer development rights (TDR) in the management of urban land is approved. method: Dominant approach to the study "Application" from the analysis of secondary data (documents) with emphasis on system approach has been used. In the research process by providing a framework system approach, the set of data flows generated data and intra- urban land management system that includes land as an input, target, system components, including land use, urban land management, land development, land ownership and land markets, relationships, environments and resources during production and outbound transfer of development rights is explained. Results: The results of the study showed that the evaluation of the success of this method depends on local governments to stand strong supervision and direction landowners welcomed the program and protect the public interest, it is necessary transactions between buyers and sellers in the land market with sweeping control of a public institution be companied. conclusion: the recommendations to successfully and efficiency used in transfer of development rights method are provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - Investigating the effect of weight restrictions on estimating returns to scale in convex technologies
Samane Shahnazi -
Open Access Article
87 - Use of Ensemble Methods for Improving Accuracy of Remotely Sensed-derived Actual Evapotranspiration of Global Databases Case Study: (Karkheh Dam Watershed)
Jalal Yarahmadi Ali Shamsoddini seyed majid mirlatifi Majid DelavarActual Evapotranspiration is one of the effective components in the hydrological cycle. Therefore, accurate estimation of this component at the watershed scale has an important role in the management of available water resources. In this study, the accuracy of actual ev MoreActual Evapotranspiration is one of the effective components in the hydrological cycle. Therefore, accurate estimation of this component at the watershed scale has an important role in the management of available water resources. In this study, the accuracy of actual evapotranspiration product values of five global terrestrial databases including MOD16, MYD16, SSEBOP, GLEAM, GLDAS was compared to the evapotranspiration values predicted from the SWAT model simulation in the Karkheh dam watershed in 2006, 2008 and 2011 which are low/high and medium rainfall respectively on a monthly scale. Then, the feasibility of improving the accuracy of evapotranspiration values obtained from these databases was investigated in eight different scenarios using simple averaging, M5 and SVR models as ensemble methods. The results showed that although actual evapotranspiration products are able to explain the trend of time changes of actual evapotranspiration in catchment, they are significantly different with the output values of the SWAT model as observation values at a significant level of 5%. The results also indicated the use of simple averaging has no effect on improving the results at the Karkheh dam watershed. However, the use of the other two ensemble methods improves the accuracy of actual evapotranspiration and the ensemble method explains 80% of the SWAT-derived actual evapotranspiration variations. Moreover, the ensemble model derived from SVR fed by the attributes of the superior data combination scenario, reduced the estimation error by about 44% compared to that derived from the best global terrestrial product which was GLEAM in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - The Effect of Climate Change on SoilOrganic Matter and Biological Activity
Arash Mohammadzadeh Yaser AzimzadehClimate change phenomenon is one of the most important global challenges for mankind in providing sufficient and healthy food for the ever-increasing world population. The leading factors of climate change, such as increasing temperature, changing precipitation patterns MoreClimate change phenomenon is one of the most important global challenges for mankind in providing sufficient and healthy food for the ever-increasing world population. The leading factors of climate change, such as increasing temperature, changing precipitation patterns, and increasing the frequency and intensity of weather events, affect soil characteristics, especially in the ecosystems of arid and semi-arid regions. These changes can directly affect the growth and production of crops. The amount of soil organic matter is one of the most important indicators of soil quality and health, which affects many physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil and is directly and indirectly affected by climatic factors such as temperature and rainfall. On the other hand, the balance of input and output of organic carbon to the soil is effective on the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and thus on global warming and the climate change phenomenon. The results of many forecasts show that in arid and semi-arid regions, climate change will lead to an increase in temperature and a decrease in rainfall. Therefore, considering that the amount of organic matter in the soil decreases with the increase in temperature and decrease in humidity, it seems that the phenomenon of climate change will have adverse effects on the amount of soil organic matter and biological activity, and then on the production of crops in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, it is very important to use the necessary solutions to mitigate these adverse effects and adapt to the upcoming conditions. Mitigation refers to methods that lead to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide; But the goal of adaptation is to mitigate the inevitable effects of climate change. Based on the results of various publications, compliance with the principles of the conservation agriculture system is considered one of the most important mitigation and adaptation solutions in dealing with the consequences of climate change in arid and semi-arid regions. Due to the fact that the climate change phenomenon is an inevitable event and its adverse effects and consequences in human life are felt more and more intense day by day, it is necessary for the management of soil resources to have the necessary foresight regarding the results of this phenomenon on the quality of the soil and the potential of producing agricultural products, especially in Arid and semi-arid areas should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The Effect of Climate Change on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Arid and Semi-Arid Soils
Arash Mohammadzadeh Yaser AzimzadehClimate change is one of the most significant global challenges threatening food security now, in the near and far future. This mainly occurs in the form of increasing temperature, change in rainfall pattern, and increase in extreme we MoreClimate change is one of the most significant global challenges threatening food security now, in the near and far future. This mainly occurs in the form of increasing temperature, change in rainfall pattern, and increase in extreme weather events. There are strong evidences demonstrating the vulnerability of agriculture sector in arid and semi-arid regions to climate change. This may directly impact on crops growth and production or indirectly impact on their environments. The ability of soil to produce a crop depends on its physical and chemical properties and these properties are directly and indirectly affected by climatic factors such as temperature and rainfall. Most predictions show that in arid and semi-arid regions, including many regions of Iran, climate change will lead to an increase in temperature and a decrease in rainfall. Therefore, considering the importance and role of temperature and humidity in physical and chemical quality indicators of soil and production stability, it seems that the phenomenon of climate change will have adverse effects on soil and then on crop production. Therefore, it is very important to use the necessary solutions to mitigate these adverse effects and adapt to the upcoming conditions. In this article, by reviewing and summarizing the research on the effects of climate change on the characteristics of arid and semi-arid soils, an attempt has been made to provide some kind of foresight of possible changes in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil due to climate change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Study of the New Religious Movements (NRMs) in the Perspective of Globalization: Focusing on Japanese’ Experience
علی Hooshmandkhooi بهزاد HamidyyehContemporary societies are inadvertently exposed to the conditions that have emerged through the complex process of globalization, and their various areas such as economics, culture and politics are influenced by it. As glocal phenomena, New Religious Movements (NRMs) u MoreContemporary societies are inadvertently exposed to the conditions that have emerged through the complex process of globalization, and their various areas such as economics, culture and politics are influenced by it. As glocal phenomena, New Religious Movements (NRMs) use opportunities arising from globalization to advance their goals, and are subject to the transformation of their teachings through global interactions. Thus, there is no way to talk about NRMs without considering global perspective. Many of the NRMs in Japan, in the context of IT Revolution and exposure to global information exchanges in the globalized world, have adapted themselves to globalization requirements, and even if in some cases (such as Aum Shinrikyō) have taken steps against it, they have used its capacities at the same time. Some of the emerging NRMs in the post-Aum era (such as Kagamikyō), seeking a combination of the global identity and local identity, have emerged as global super-religions, adapted to the demands of globalization. They also have focused on both the religious and the secular in both local and global arenas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Investigating the Environmental Impacts for Four Varieties of Corn Based on Nitrogen Fertilizer Consumption through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
Seyyed Mustafa Sadeghi Seyyed Ali NoorhosseiniBackground and Objective: The use of chemical fertilizers has many negative effects on the environment. Therefore, in order to evaluate the environmental effects of four maize cultivars based on the use of nitrogen fertilizer, research was conducted using the life cycle MoreBackground and Objective: The use of chemical fertilizers has many negative effects on the environment. Therefore, in order to evaluate the environmental effects of four maize cultivars based on the use of nitrogen fertilizer, research was conducted using the life cycle assessment method in Lahijan region. Method: For this purpose, a field experiment was performed as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were consisted different nitrogen levels (300, 400 and 500 kg/ha urea) as the main plot and four varieties of corn (KSC 647, KSC 700, KSC 704 and Local) as the subplots. In this studysix groups were investigated; the global warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication, the depletion of fossil resources, the depletion of potassium and the depletion of phosphate. Production of one ton of corn was considered as a functional unit to evaluate the environmental impacts. Findings: The results showed that maximum environmental index (1.53) and resources depletion index (1.11) was in production of one-ton local variety of corn with treatment 500 kg/ha urea. The minimum environmental index (0.39) and resources depletion index (0.45) was in production of one ton KSC 647 variety of corn with treatment 300 kg/ha urea. Discussion and Conclusion: Although there was not a difference between the different treatments of nitrogen in terms of corn yield, but the selection of superior varieties in terms of yield, by reducing nitrogen consumption, reduced damage to the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Investigating the Role of Global Warming on Wind Speed and Sea Level Pressure Fluctuations in Sistan Region
Esmaeil Poudineh Broumand Salahi Mahmoud Khosravi Mohsen HamidianpourBackground and Objective: The temporal variability of local winds of Sistan during the period of global warming is the subject of this research. In recent decades, global warming has brought about tangible changes in the temperature of the planet and has influenced othe MoreBackground and Objective: The temporal variability of local winds of Sistan during the period of global warming is the subject of this research. In recent decades, global warming has brought about tangible changes in the temperature of the planet and has influenced other atmospheric parameters such as wind speed. Method: In the study of atmospheric parameters, estimating the effect of global warming on these parameters is important. For this purpose, variations in the Sistan wind speeds and sea level pressure in the study area under the conditions of the two scenarios A2 and B2 from the output of the global Hadcm3 model were downscaled and for three periods of 30 years up to 2099, the changes in these two parameters were generated and examined. Findings: The results showed that the average wind speed calculated by scenario B2 for the period 2010-2039, 2040-2069 and 2070-2070 respectively 0.67, 0.88 and 1.15 m / s Relative to the Basic course will increase. Also, the average wind speed variation under A2 scenario Conditions, which is a pessimistic scenario, is 1.36 and 1. 57 and 1.79 m / s for the periods 2039-2039 and 2069-2070 and 2070-2070 Also, the pressure calculated by scenario B2 for the period 2010-2039, 2040-2069, and 2070-2070 will be reduced to 0.04, 0.10, and 0.16, respectively, compared to the base period. Discussion and Conclusions: The results showed that the decline in pressure and increase in wind speed has not been uniformly distributed throughout the year. However, during the winter and spring and summer, pressure drop is more regular than the autumn season. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Effects of Global Warming and Climate Changes on Economic Growth (Case Study: Iran provinces during 2002-2012)
Hossein panahi Najmeh Esmaeel DarjaniBackground and Objective: Global warming and climate changes are currently one of the most important environmental challenges in the world, which are the consequences of rising temperatures, melting polar ice caps, rising free water levels and changes in climate thresho MoreBackground and Objective: Global warming and climate changes are currently one of the most important environmental challenges in the world, which are the consequences of rising temperatures, melting polar ice caps, rising free water levels and changes in climate thresholds.Method: The present paper has studied temperature and rain effects as climate changes and global warming on real economic growth by using panel data method in provinces in the period of 2002 to 2012.Findings: Climate change affects the economic sectors of the country and this impact on the sectors that are more interrelated with the agricultural sector. It is noteworthy that due to temperature and precipitation trends in recent years in the provinces of Iran, which do not show a favorable trend.Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that air temperature has a negative relationship with economic growth and is significant at the level of 5% and the amount of precipitation shows a positive and significant relationship at the level of 5% with the economic growth variable. With increasing global warming and climate changes, the economic growth of Iran's provinces is declining. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Assessment Bio Capacity and Ecological Footprint of Urban Ecosystems (Case study: Hamedan)
Parisa Farhadi Alireza Eldermi Mirmihardad MigranirBackground and Purpose: Knowledge of the ecological conditions prevailing in the region is essential to achieve sustainable development and reduce the increasing degradation of natural resources and the environment. The ecological footprint index is of great interest as MoreBackground and Purpose: Knowledge of the ecological conditions prevailing in the region is essential to achieve sustainable development and reduce the increasing degradation of natural resources and the environment. The ecological footprint index is of great interest as a way to measure levels of sustainability. In this study, using the ecological footprint index of Hamedan urban ecosystem in 2014, it was studied. Material and Methods: In this study, ecological traces of consumption in two parts of consumption and production of the city were evaluated. The ecological footprint of the consumption sector was estimated in each of the four urban areas and using SPSS software, a significant difference between the areas, was determined. Results: The results showed that per capita ecological footprints in the consumption sector, including housing, transportation services, goods and food, were 0.13 globalhectares. The most significant ecological footprints in this section was of transportation with 3980.499 (gh) and the least important Foot print in this regard was food with 3864.6 global hectare; therefore, the urban living capacity was determined 0.59 globl hectare. Conclusion: The results indicate that the ecological footprint of the consumption sector does not create the unsustainability of the urban ecosystem and, by creating an ecological surplus in this part, the city of Hamedan is introduced as a creditor of ecology. Which indicates in this sector that the demand is lower than the supply. Besides, there is no significant difference between the ecological effects of consumption in four urban areas. It was also concluded that there was an ecological deficiency in production sector which indicates of ecosystem bioaccumulation consumption and it could disturb the ecological stability of the ecosystem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Energy Flow and Greenhouse Gases Emission of Crop Production Systems in South Khorasan Province
hamed javadi Seyed Mohammad Jafar EsfahaniBackground and Objective: In recent years, excessive use of agricultural inputs has increased energy consumption and greenhouse emissions. This study aims to investigate the energy flow and greenhouse gases emissions in the production systems of some crops in South Khor MoreBackground and Objective: In recent years, excessive use of agricultural inputs has increased energy consumption and greenhouse emissions. This study aims to investigate the energy flow and greenhouse gases emissions in the production systems of some crops in South Khorasan province. Material and Methodology: In the current research, a questionnaire, as well as face-to-face interviews with the farmers in this region (2018), were used to collect the required information, including agricultural operations, the type and amount of consumed inputs and product performance. In the present research, input energy, output energy, net energy, specific energy, optimal energy consumption, energy efficiency indices, different forms of energy, and Global warming potential were calculated and evaluated. Findings: The results showed that the process of alfalfa production had the highest energy consumption. On the other hand, Sugar beet (571,200 MJ.ha-1), fodder sorghum (391,920 MJ.ha-1) and alfalfa (120,870 MJ.ha-1) have the highest energy output, respectively. A comparison of the studied products showed that rapeseed (27.6 MJ.kg-1) and cotton (15.3 MJ.kg-1) have the maximum specific energy index. The ecosystems of alfalfa (41566 kg CO2eq.ha-1), sugar beet (29179 kg CO2eq.ha-1), fodder sorghum (27396 kg CO2eq.ha-1) had the maximum of global warming potential (GWP), respectively. Comparing the share of different inputs from the total global warming potential of the products showed that electricity, nitrogen fertilizer, and diesel play the greatest role in greenhouse gas emissions in all the studied products. Discussion and Conclusions: Since electricity and nitrogen fertilizer had the greatest role in the greenhouse gases emission from crops in South Khorasan province, management and optimization of irrigation performance and appropriate agricultural activities such as green manure crops or legumes cultivation to increase soil fertility, can be a solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the South Khorasan region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Review of rules and regulations of energy traders in the World Trade Organization
Mansour Pournouri hatam sadeghi ziari Solmaz SadeghiEconomic development and international trade have led to the formation of a global interdependent economic system, which is becoming a unique international system due to the development of human societies and basic needs in the present era, and in this regard, the inter MoreEconomic development and international trade have led to the formation of a global interdependent economic system, which is becoming a unique international system due to the development of human societies and basic needs in the present era, and in this regard, the international institutions have played a major role. If the business rules are clearer and more predictable, they can, at the same time, meet mutual interests of both energy exporting In fact, globalization of energy trading has increased the importance of its role in economic relations between countries through the international investment,deregulation ofdomestic markets of countries,and a new connection between the area of energy in different countries and the political economy in the word.The present studydescriptive way,explored internat ional energy rules as well as energy trade multilateral system and tried to determine whether energy products are different from other products and require certain trade rules.It also examines the obstacles to make regulations in the area of trade energy in wto regarding characteristics of different kinds of energy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Environmental Impact of Climate Change on National Security
Mohammad Jalali Maryam Afshari zeinab mazinanianAlthough the effects of climate change are threatening to the living conditions of a large part of the world, different groups of activists have failed to improve the climate regime. It is natural that those countries which are more vulnerable to climate change should f MoreAlthough the effects of climate change are threatening to the living conditions of a large part of the world, different groups of activists have failed to improve the climate regime. It is natural that those countries which are more vulnerable to climate change should find some ways to improve the climate by using both legal methods and other less formal methods such as identifying climate change as a security and environmental problem. Climate change and global warming are regarded as two factors, which play a significant role in threatening human security since food shortages, water scarcity, environmental degradation, poverty, disease outbreaks, and mass migration can separately lead to national security, which will undermine and contribute to the failed government scenario. In the domestic and global arena, the security of the modern government becomes meaningful with respect to superior power, and the society is considered insecure even if it faces with a lack of threats. In the modern national security discourse, we see an increase in security software, in addition to its hardware. In the wake of the development of the concept of security, especially the development of a range of national security threats, critics have suggested that civilian threats such as economic and environmental threats can, in turn, be as serious as military threats. Therefore, these threats should be considered as security threats. This article tries to provide an analysis of the impact of environmental dimensions of climate change on national security from the perspective of international environmental law, using an interdisciplinary approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - CO2 emissions reduction by using local mineral pozzolan as part of cement in concrete with a pollution reduction approach
Mojtaba Rangrazian Rahmat Madandoust Reza Mahjoub Mehdi RaftariBackground and Objective: Global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, mainly (CO2). Reducing greenhouse gases and monitoring the environment are important goals of today's mankind. Cement factories are the main producers of greenhouse gases. The main g MoreBackground and Objective: Global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, mainly (CO2). Reducing greenhouse gases and monitoring the environment are important goals of today's mankind. Cement factories are the main producers of greenhouse gases. The main goal of this research is to find a material with cement properties (pozzolan) that can be replaced in a part of concrete cement with the aim of reducing cement consumption and reducing CO2 greenhouse gas emissions. The local mineral pozzolan under research has similar properties to world-famous pozzolans and has the relevant standards.Material and Methodology: To find the optimal amount of pozzolan in the concrete, In Sep. 2021, four cases of 5, 10, 15 and 20% by weight was studied and its effect on concrete compressive strength and CO2 emissions and its ability to reduce pollution Environmental was evaluated in comparison with conventional cement concrete. Findings: Experiments showed that the best amount of replacement of this pozzolan to cement in concrete is 15% by weight and increases the strength by 2.4%. Also, this pozzolan emits less CO2 than normal cement concrete equal to 15.20 kg/m3.Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the favorable effects of this pozzolan in strengthening the structure and reducing the consumption of cement in concrete, it can be introduced as a cement-reducing and environmentally friendly material. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Prediction Impact of Climate Change on the Temperature & Precipitation by General Circulation Model, a Strategy for Sustainable Agriculture: (Case of Kermanshah Township)
Samireh Seymohammadi Mohsen Tavakoli Kiumars Zarafshani Hossien Mahdizadeh Farzad AmiriBackground and Objectives: Concern about climate change and its effects on various aspects of human life in general and agricultural production in particular is growing. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to assess and predict of climate change induced tempera MoreBackground and Objectives: Concern about climate change and its effects on various aspects of human life in general and agricultural production in particular is growing. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to assess and predict of climate change induced temperature and precipitation of Kermanshah township.Method: The calibration and validation of the HadCM3 model was performed 1961-2001 of daily temperature and precipitation. The data on temperature and precipitation from 1961 to 1990 were used for calibration whereas data from 1991 to 2001 were used for model validation. SDSM version 4.2 as a downscaling model used to downscale general circulation models to station scales. Findings: The least difference between observed data and simulation data during calibration and validation showed that the parameter was precisely modeled for most of the year. This study under A2 scenario, three time periods (2020, 2050, 2080) were simulated. Discussion and Conclusion: According to our simulated model, precipitation showed a decreasing trend whereas temperature showed an increasing trend. The result of this study can also be used as an optimal model for land allocation in agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Economic and Environmental Effects of Iran-Eurasian Economic Union Trade Agreement: GDyn-E Approach
yaser balaghi enalou Mehdi Nejati Mojtaba Bahmani Sayyed Abdolmajid Jalaee EsfandabadiBackground & Objective: The economic and environmental consequences of trade release and free trade agreements have always been discussed. In this regard, in this study, the economic and environmental impacts of decreasing the import tariffs of Iran and the Eurasia MoreBackground & Objective: The economic and environmental consequences of trade release and free trade agreements have always been discussed. In this regard, in this study, the economic and environmental impacts of decreasing the import tariffs of Iran and the Eurasia Economic Union have been analyzed in a 25-year long run horizon.Material and Methodology: In this study, empirical analysis and quantification of the results is in terms of the model of dynamic energy-driven global trade analysis (GDyn-E), noted model is a computable general equilibrium model (CGE), global and multi-regional. Regarding the international nature of the analysis of this study, a global pattern and database was required to achieve the purposes of this study; therefore, GDyn-E model and version 10 of its database (published in 2020) were chosen for analysis, this database covers the entire world. In this study, the economic and environmental impacts of Iran-Eurasia free trade agreements were analyzed by RunDynam software in two scenarios (50% decrease and 100% decreasein tariff rates).Findings: This study's resultsindicate that with the decrease of bilateral tariffs, the total CO2 emissions in Iran are increasing and by increasing commercial releasedegree, the volume of CO2 emissions increases and the total CO2 emissions in Eurasia have a decreasing trend and by increasing commercial releasedegree, the volume of CO2 emissions reduces. The results of this researchrelated to the economic welfare and production indicate that with the decrease of trade tariffs, welfare and production in Iran has an increasing trend and also welfare and production in the Eurasian Economic Union indicate an increasing and decreasing trend, respectively. The trend of the impact of technique (technology) in Iran is descending and in the Eurasian Economic Union is ascending, the impact of the technique shows a change in production technology, especially the shift towards clean technology. By commercial release, the impact of technology in Iran has resulted in an increase in environmental degradation, and in the Eurasian Economic Union, it decreases environmental degradation, proposing that the Eurasian Economic Union is moving towards clean technology and clean technologies have not been applied in Iran, and one of the reasons could be in terms of the lack of strict environmental laws in Iran.Discussion and conclusion: It is recommended that along with decreasing trade tariffs and using other provisions related to the agreement, applying tougher environmental laws as well as applying clean technologies and the transfer of this kind of technology to the country must be on the agenda. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Preparation of a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) plan for wood &Paper Iran Industry utilizing Proporm software within PIN forms formatting
Kobra Verij Kazemi Abdolreza Karbassi Parvin Nasiri Mohammad Sadegh SekhavatjouBackground and Objective: Undoubtely, concentration of green house gases increased in the atmosphere, so this caused an increasing in the earth temperature average.The best way in reducing of green house gases is the implement optimization of consuming energy and renewa MoreBackground and Objective: Undoubtely, concentration of green house gases increased in the atmosphere, so this caused an increasing in the earth temperature average.The best way in reducing of green house gases is the implement optimization of consuming energy and renewable energy and so Clean Development Mechanism. Method: This study implements perform software to consider five scenarios for the wood exploited in Iran Wood& Paper Industry. Essential economic analysis has been performed and efficiency of the optimization proceedings in diminishing greenhouse gasses has been evaluated. Also PIN reports regarding to this industry have been prepared. Findings:Results show that by replacing boilers currently in use with boilers with higher efficiency, an approximate 6360*1012 Joules saving in energy consumption in project’s 12year duration would be attained. During the same period, emission of greenhouse gases would decrease about 360 kilo tons, which is equivalent to a 30 kilo tons reduction per year. Discussion and Conclution: by Considering project’s investment requirement of 385 thousand dollars and its 13 year outcome of diminishing 360 kilo tons of greenhouse gas emission. Reduction amid low expenditures should support such projects so it could sell its supplemental. Coupons for 35 to 45 dollars per each ton of carbon dioxide in global markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Glibalization and its impact on foreign direct investment in developing and develoed countries
Kourosh Shams Fraydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Hashem Nikoomaram Zahra PourzamaniThe present study aims to study the effect of globalization on foreign direct investment. To do this, the data of 2001-2011 of twenty countries (Ten developing countries and ten developed countries), multi-variate regression and pooled data model are used. The results o MoreThe present study aims to study the effect of globalization on foreign direct investment. To do this, the data of 2001-2011 of twenty countries (Ten developing countries and ten developed countries), multi-variate regression and pooled data model are used. The results of study at developed countries showed that improvement of globalization index led into the increase of foreign direct investment in Iran and this increases the increase of growth capacity and development of country. Also, it improves capital market index and increases foreign direct investment in the country and also it collects capital in the country. On the other hand, the results of study in developing countries showed that improvement of capital market index led into the increase of foreign direct investment in the country and this collected capital in the country and improved good governance index and increased foreign direct investment. This also improves the wage of citizens and increases governance accountability. The growth of urban population leads to the reduction of foreign direct investment in the country and development conditions are not improved with the improvement of human resources. Also, improvement of GDP leads to the reduction of foreign direct investment in the country and this doesn’t increase growth and development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - The Analysis and Test of Spillover and Volatility of Global Markets for Petrochemical Products and Base Metals (Based on Copula family models)
Mahsa Banakar Hashem nikoomaram Hasan Ghalibaf Asl Mehrzad MinouieFluctuations in commodity prices in global markets have always influenced the behavior and decisions of investors in financial markets. In this research, using the Copula family models, financial contagion or volatility spillover on global price of petrochemical product MoreFluctuations in commodity prices in global markets have always influenced the behavior and decisions of investors in financial markets. In this research, using the Copula family models, financial contagion or volatility spillover on global price of petrochemical products and base metals on the on the stock price index of eight selected industries of Tehran Stock Exchange listed companies during a period of 10 years (2008-2018) has been reviewed. The research method is descriptive-analytical in nature and applied in terms of purpose. The research hypotheses were tested using an econometric approach based on Copula models and programming in MATLAB software. The results show that the effects of overflow of these variables on the index of selected industries are significant but different.Examination of different models of Copula method showed that T-Student model is most suitable for transmitting spillover effects, which indicates the symmetrical effects of price variables in global markets of petrochemical products and base metals on the index performance of selected industries. And then Clayton and Gumble models are in the next rank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Asymmetric Co-integration based on Nonlinear ARDL: Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange
hamid hooshmandiInvesting in the stock market is very important as a profitable opportunity in the economy. The purpose of this article is to investigate the asymmetry in the amount and direction of the influence of exchange rate impulses and global crude oil prices on stock returns in MoreInvesting in the stock market is very important as a profitable opportunity in the economy. The purpose of this article is to investigate the asymmetry in the amount and direction of the influence of exchange rate impulses and global crude oil prices on stock returns in the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, daily data (2011:11:26--2021:3:19) and the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model approach of NARDL have been used. The results of Pesaran et al.'s co-integration test (2001) showed the existence of long-term relationship between stock returns with exchange rate and global crude oil price. In the following, based on the results of the Wald test and the research model, the asymmetric effects of exchange rate shocks on stock returns in the short and long term were confirmed. In the short term, positive exchange rate impulses on stock returns were not significant. Also, in the long term, the effect of negative exchange rate shocks is more than its positive shocks on stock returns. The impact of oil prices on stock returns was confirmed in the short term. The findings of the research showed that the exchange rate has a greater impact on stock returns in the Tehran Stock Exchange than the price of oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Fractal Analysis of Tehran Stock Exchange Index With RS Method
Fraydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Parham PedramThis paper deals with this issue, which can be summarized as the conflict between randomness and determinism. On the one hand, there are market analysts who feel that the market is perfectly deterministic; on the other, there is a group who feel that the market is compl MoreThis paper deals with this issue, which can be summarized as the conflict between randomness and determinism. On the one hand, there are market analysts who feel that the market is perfectly deterministic; on the other, there is a group who feel that the market is completely random. We will see that there is a possibility that both are right to a limited extent. But what comes out of these partial truths is quite different from the outcome either group expects. We will use R/S analysis, or rescaled range analysis. R/S analysis can distinguish fractal from other types of time series, revealing the self-similar statistical structure. This structure fits a theory of market structure called the Fractal Market Hypothesis.. This reconciliation ties directly into the concept of local randomness and global determinism. One of the most important area that we focun on is capital market distributions. capital markets are not well described by the normal distribution and random walk theory. Yet, the Efficient Market Hypothesis continues to the dominant paradigm for how the markets work. Standard statistical analysis begins by assuming that the system under study is primarily random; that is, the causal process that created the time series has many component parts, or degrees of freedom, and the interaction of those components is so complex that a deterministic explanation is not possible. Only probabilities can help us understand and take advantage of the process. The underlying philosophy implies that randomness and determinism cannot coexist. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The oil and gold global market interaction on the stock market of Iran; the GARCH-Copula approach
Seyed Mozaffar Mirbargkar Maryam Borzabadi FarahaniStudying the countries' stock market and global market interaction has been one of the most important research subjects in the global market. Thus, studying the relationships may have a significant role for the decision making of the investors. An appropriate estimation MoreStudying the countries' stock market and global market interaction has been one of the most important research subjects in the global market. Thus, studying the relationships may have a significant role for the decision making of the investors. An appropriate estimation of the dependence structure has been the significant starting point at an investing period, for the investment risk control. The present research aims to study the interaction between dependence structure at Tehran stock market efficiency and the global price of gold and oil, at the period of 2010-2017, on a daily basis. In doing so, GARCH-Copula approach has been applied. The results show the asymmetric mutual relationship between the studied efficiencies. As it can be seen in the present paper, the t-student Copula functions can have a better recognition than other functions for both efficiencies; 'Tehran stock and gold market', and 'Tehran stock and oil market'. The results indicate that the Tehran stock market has been highly dependent to both oil and gold markets, and their threshold changes may lead to a stronger dependency of the markets together. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - A Recurrent Neural Network for Solving Strictly Convex Quadratic Programming Problems
A. Ghomashi M. Abbasi -
Open Access Article
108 - Determining the Best Performance Time Period of a System
A. Dehnokhalaji N. Nasrabadi N. A. Kiani -
Open Access Article
109 - Stability analysis of the transmission dynamics of an HBV model
R. Akbari A. Vahidian Kamyad A. A. Heydari A. Heydari -
Open Access Article
110 - Effects of globalization, economic growth, financial development on ecological footprint in Iran (quantile regression analysis)
Maryam Mohammadi Nia Gholamreza Abbasi Bijan Basri Reza RahimiBackground and Objective: Economic growth and financial development have brought unfortunate consequences, especially in the field of environment and natural resources, because most of the economic activities are closely related to the environment, and in fact, it can b MoreBackground and Objective: Economic growth and financial development have brought unfortunate consequences, especially in the field of environment and natural resources, because most of the economic activities are closely related to the environment, and in fact, it can be said that the fate of the environment and the economic growth of societies are dependent on each other. In this study, the effects of globalization, economic growth, and financial development on the ecological footprint in Iran have been investigated. Material and Methodology: Quantile regression model was used for this research and for the time period of 1360-1400. This method has gradually become a comprehensive method for statistical analysis of linear and non-linear models of response variables in different fields. Findings: Based on the results; in the first and second (lower) quadrants; Economic globalization, economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, and population density have a positive effect on Iran's ecological footprint, and from the third and fourth quarters onwards, the intensity of its influence on Iran's ecological footprint increases. In other words, the indicators of globalization, economic growth and financial development in the first quarter (Q25) and second quarter (Q50) have a positive temporal correlation with Iran's ecological footprint. Then, as the lag components move away and move towards the third (Q75) and fourth (Q95) quartiles, the correlation between the study indicators and Iran's ecological footprint increases. Discussion and conclusion: In Iran, due to the abundance of energy and natural resources, the price of energy is low, which has caused excessive and incorrect use of energy. Granting banking facilities with easy conditions, tax exemptions and such for producers of gas and electric appliances with high energy efficiency and imposing heavy taxes on the other hand, lack of financial support and lack of licensing for producers of energy-intensive appliances with low energy labels, granting customs discounts for Importing gas appliances with high efficiency and not allowing entry or high customs duties for importing gas appliances with low efficiency can be useful in reducing energy consumption and ecological footprint. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Reducing environmental pollution by converting organic wastes to hydrochar and it’s using in the soil
Yaser Azimzadeh Nosratollah NajafiEnvironmental pollution with various organic and inorganic contaminants, pathogens, poisons, and pesticides and global warming are the most important environmental issues for the mankind. Converting of biomasses into hydrochar is a novel technology that has attract MoreEnvironmental pollution with various organic and inorganic contaminants, pathogens, poisons, and pesticides and global warming are the most important environmental issues for the mankind. Converting of biomasses into hydrochar is a novel technology that has attracted great attention of researchers in recent decade due to its potential in reducing environmental pollution. Hydrochar is a persistent porous carbon, derived from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of biomass at 160-250 oC and 15-25 bar. The products of the HTC process are three sterile phases including of solid (hydrochar), liquid (process solution), and gaseous. Adding hydrochar to soils has been described as a means of sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide, and also mitigating greenhouse gasses such as nitrogen oxide and methane emissions. Hydrochar increases water retention capacity of soil and soil infiltration by improving soil physical properties and reduces nutrient leaching and losing by nutrients retention in soil and reducing soil erosion. In addition, hydrochar has a great surface area and functional groups and can be used as an adsorbent of various pollutants specially heavy metals from water, waste water, and sewage sludge. Nonetheless, there are very few studies on the characterization and environmental aspects of this valuable material and its production technology. Unfortunately, there is no investigation on this field in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Evaluation of environmental knowledge Razi University students With an emphasis on global warming and climate change
Hasan Zolfaghari Somayeh NaserpourBackground and Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the students' awareness of global warming, climate change, its implications in Iran, and strategies to deal with it. Material and Methodology: Study method in terms of applied purpose and in terms of th MoreBackground and Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the students' awareness of global warming, climate change, its implications in Iran, and strategies to deal with it. Material and Methodology: Study method in terms of applied purpose and in terms of the survey method. The statistical population in this study consisted of students of Razi University Kermanshah at all levels of the school. The sampling of students was stratified randomly; based on the proposed model by Morgan and Krejcie, 375 students were selected. The research data were collected using questionnaires developed by the researchers in this study. The validity was, based on experts’ views and the reliability was calculated 0.87 based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistical tests using EXCEL and SPSS software. Measured variables are gender, educational level, and strings study. Findings: The research findings indicate that the level of students' recognition of global warming and climate change is average and there isn’t a relationship between gender and their faculty. But compared climatology students in other sciences branches, a significant correlation exists between the educational levels of students' knowledge. While there is a significant correlation between the educational level and students' knowledge. Discussion and Conclusions: Education is a prerequisite for general knowledge and awareness of the problems surrounding people. With raising awareness and educating the public about a specific subject (such as global warming and climate change, its manifestations in society, and solutions to deal with its consequences), the attitude towards it changes. A change in attitude can lead to a sense of responsibility. In this way, by raising the level of public awareness (especially among students as an informed and influential group) in society, we can encourage them to participate in solving environmental problems. For this purpose, it is suggested to develop and implement a basic educational program to raise the level of environmental knowledge of students in universities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Simulation and prediction some of climate variable by using multi line SDSM and Global Circulation Models (Case study: Bar Watershed Nayshabour)
Siavash Taei Semiromi Hamid Reza Moradi Morteza KhodagholiOne of the weaknesses of GCMs model are large spatial scale in simulated of climatic variables that for hydrological studies and water resources in the range of watershed area are not sufficiently accurate. So should by using the different techniques that downscal MoreOne of the weaknesses of GCMs model are large spatial scale in simulated of climatic variables that for hydrological studies and water resources in the range of watershed area are not sufficiently accurate. So should by using the different techniques that downscale. Then downscaled outputs are used for assessing the impact of climate change on hydrological studies. Among downscaling approaches, statistical methods are of great importance among hydrologists due to their easy and quick performance. In this study, statistical model (SDSM) was evaluated for simulating and predicting minimum and maximum temperature, precipitations in the bar Nayshabur watershed. For executing SDSM model outputs of CGCM1 and Hadcm3 models were applied. Daily data of minimum and maximum temperatures precipitations for the basic period (1970-2000) were simulated under three A1, A2 and B1 scenarios. Based on Statistical parameters, outputs of Hadcm3 model under A2 more compatible with the basic period. Obtained results showed that during 2010-2039, 2040-2069and 2070-2099, the average temperature 0.01, 0.3 and 0.6, the average minimum temperature 0.3, 0.5 and1. 4 and the average maximum temperature 0.7, 1.4 and 2.7 ° C will increase compared to the basic period in the studied basin. Also, the results showed that within three studied periods, the average rainfall will decrease 6, 10 and 17 mm respectivity comparing to the basic period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The Comparative Literature Role in Islamic Literature Globalization
Touraj Zeini Vand Jahangir Amiri Asqar Hosseini The aim of the present article is to show the comparative literature's role at Islamic literature service and then its transfer to all around the world; because since the formation of comparative literature recognizes Islamic literature as a global one and its e More The aim of the present article is to show the comparative literature's role at Islamic literature service and then its transfer to all around the world; because since the formation of comparative literature recognizes Islamic literature as a global one and its effect on the global literature. Thus we also may draw the main lines of the present article as follows: the factors which helps and will help the Islamic literature globalization.Leili & Majnoon, A thousand and one night, Kalileh and Demneh study the effects on Divine Comedy. It shows that Arabic literature and books have had deep effects on western literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Comparative study of Islamic Awareness in Mohammad Iqbal and Abdullah Al-Baradouni's Poetries
Ismael Islami Safiallah KurdOne of the long-standing concerns of poets and writers around the Islamic world and Muslims is the idea of Islamic awareness in which each poet has worked in his or her own era completing his or her mission in various ways. This article concludes that similar ide MoreOne of the long-standing concerns of poets and writers around the Islamic world and Muslims is the idea of Islamic awareness in which each poet has worked in his or her own era completing his or her mission in various ways. This article concludes that similar ideas of two poets have led to their common goals of Islamic awareness, each one expressed it in its own way by studying Pakistani poet – Mohammad Iqbal Lahouri and Yemeni poet – Abdullah Al-Baradouni's with an analytical-descriptive approach; Abdullah Al-Baradouni depicts the Islamic awareness by composing poems with resistance literature concepts as well as Iqbal Lahori explicitly. Both poets consider unity among Muslims to be the most important secret and principle for the victory of Muslims over global arrogance and call on their followers to refrain from extreme patriotism and to consider all Islamic lands as part of their homeland. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - The role of social maturity in pre-emergence
Mohsen Karami ali husein ehteshami hamid hosseiniThe irreplaceable role of social maturity, which started from the origin of Godhead and a single origin and heritage relations, and with the growth of intellectual and moral responsibilities and empathy in fulfilling the covenant and unity of purpose and attributes and MoreThe irreplaceable role of social maturity, which started from the origin of Godhead and a single origin and heritage relations, and with the growth of intellectual and moral responsibilities and empathy in fulfilling the covenant and unity of purpose and attributes and the resulting laws in the path of excellence, happiness and perfection, can be The entitlement to a good life should continue. The advent of the universal judge is the most important apocalyptic event for the liberation of human beings from tyranny, which is associated with one of the most important components of pre-emergence, namely social maturity, and is significantly affected by the causal relationship. Therefore, it is necessary to study it in the context of the emergence of the promised savior. In this study, the evaluation of one of the important components of pre-emerging social maturity from the perspective of the Holy Quran and narrations with an epistemological perspective and descriptive-analytical method using library resources has been considered. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant two-way correlation between the positive component of social maturity and the occurrence of the savior. Thus, growth in adornment with the positive component of social maturity will increasingly accelerate the vulva. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The challenges of translation of the Qoran in the globalization era
Mohammad Reza AramThese days apprehension of the globalization has engaged many thinkers' mind in the field of politics, economics, etc and all people have considered this matter from their own viewpoint to accept or refuse it. What is lost in this matter or has gotten less attention is MoreThese days apprehension of the globalization has engaged many thinkers' mind in the field of politics, economics, etc and all people have considered this matter from their own viewpoint to accept or refuse it. What is lost in this matter or has gotten less attention is the role of the great Qoran and its position in this field. This research is attempting to offer the intended meaning from the concept of globalization and examine its principles, features, results, consequences and the equipments to achieve the globalization of the Qoranic culture as well as the harms of the religion globalization and then express the challenges of the Qoranic culture in the globalization era .This article considers "the Qoran" and " globalization" inseparable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Planning A Curriculum Template by Globalization Approach and Keeping Cultural Identity from Quran's Viewpoint
Kobra Qasemi Alaa'eddin E'temaad Ahari Badi'ozzaman Makki Ale AaqaThe main purpose of this study was to design a curriculum model with a globalization approach and to preserve cultural identity. This research is based on applied purpose criteria, qualitative data collection method. The purpose of sampling was bulletproof.&nb MoreThe main purpose of this study was to design a curriculum model with a globalization approach and to preserve cultural identity. This research is based on applied purpose criteria, qualitative data collection method. The purpose of sampling was bulletproof. Semi-structured interviews were applied to collect data. The method of analysis is the data - based theory method. The data is analyzed by three types of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. In the present study, 13 main categories, 27 secondary categories and 129 sub categories of curriculum for globalization and keeping cultural identity were recognized; after validation of all items, 14 subcategories in need, 12 in goals, 19 in Content, 16 in teaching-learning methods, 8 in of teacher's role and etc. have been identified and the proposed model is presented in the Paradigmatic Model of globalization approach and keeping cultural identity curriculum according to data - based Theory was presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Jurisprudential arguments for the legitimacy of electronic documentary credits
younes Kazerani SeyedAskari Hoseini moghadamIssue: In order to build trust in international trade, a mechanism called letter of credit has been used in which the bank, as an intermediary, is responsible for guaranteeing the payment of one of the parties. Recently, the electronic type of documentary credit has bee MoreIssue: In order to build trust in international trade, a mechanism called letter of credit has been used in which the bank, as an intermediary, is responsible for guaranteeing the payment of one of the parties. Recently, the electronic type of documentary credit has been introduced to facilitate global trade.Purpose: The purpose is to examine the reasons for the legitimacy of electronic letters of credit.Methodology: In this research, the jurisprudential arguments for the legitimacy of electronic documentary credits have been studied in an analytical-descriptive manner with the help of receipt tools.Findings: According to the contract of sale and the contract of guarantee, the principle of documentary credit is a legitimate mechanism for the development of world trade and as one of the provisions of the contract between the two parties, it has sharia validity. Therefore, according to the legitimacy of this mechanism, its electronic type has the same nature and effects of electronic type according to the jurisprudential principles such as verses and hadiths, the principle of immorality, the rule of compromise, the rule of no harm, the rule of necessity and some other jurisprudential arguments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - ISIS: An Actor with Pre-Modern Thought and Ultra- Modern Instruments
masoud motallebi لیلی حیدریIslamic group Isis is one of the most important salafi That has been able to dominate parts of Iraq and Syria in short time and be in focus of regional and international change. ISIS can be seen as an extreme actors in search of redemption, rescues and returns to the in MoreIslamic group Isis is one of the most important salafi That has been able to dominate parts of Iraq and Syria in short time and be in focus of regional and international change. ISIS can be seen as an extreme actors in search of redemption, rescues and returns to the initial ideals of Islam.This group consider itself as a identity phenomenon with task of reviving the Islamic caliphate and Emarat and the restoration of Sunni glory. Isis is also an example of new terrorist groups, transnational and global nature, that emphases on terror and violence,it has transcend modern, state-centered, materialistic interests and seeking confined to the boundaries passed and focuses on identity claim is global. The main problem of the present article is manifested in question ” how actors is Isis intellectually and how uses cyberspace in order to advance it is goals?” . The proposed hypotheses is "Isis, although is intellectually pre –modern but is a typical of post-modern terrorism in virtual space that uses it is facilities in order to introduce itself and to make terrorist network to creat"Islamic caliphate" Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The Role of Women in Peace Processes in the era of Globalization; Case Study of Afghanistan
Niloofar emrani Mehdi abas zade fath abadi shahram askari hesnIn the era of globalization, the importance of women's rights, efforts regarding the role of women in peace processes have taken place in the macro and micro levels. Peace issue in Afghanistan has become important due to the changes that have been taking place in the pa MoreIn the era of globalization, the importance of women's rights, efforts regarding the role of women in peace processes have taken place in the macro and micro levels. Peace issue in Afghanistan has become important due to the changes that have been taking place in the past three decades. According to varying circumstances that affect women in different countries, and this, in turn, affects the role of women in peace processes, this research focuses on women's role in peace processes in the age of globalization. With emphasis on Afghanistan. The main question of the present research is: What have women in Afghanistan done in peace processes in this country? The study first briefly examines international measures on the role of women in peace processes, and examines the role of women in the peace process in Afghanistan later in this chapter. Findings of the research indicate that women in Afghanistan have had a different situation during different periods, and in some courses they have been deprived of many of their basic rights, This in turn has impacted on their role in the peace process. Women have been more involved in the peace process over the last few years. This research is a descriptive-analytic study and the method of data collection is through the use of library and virtual resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - The Dimensions of Iranian Identity in the Process of Globalization (case study of Islamist dimension)
pirouz hashempour غفار زارعیIn the current context of globalization, in which various titles impose their presence on the cultures and identities of the nations, identities, however strong they are, become fragile. In this descriptive-analytical method and library research method, we seek to answe MoreIn the current context of globalization, in which various titles impose their presence on the cultures and identities of the nations, identities, however strong they are, become fragile. In this descriptive-analytical method and library research method, we seek to answer the main question which features of Islamic identity of Iranians in the face of globalization process. In the hypothesis, we have pointed out that Iranian multidimensional identity, including ancient Iran, Islamic-Shiite and modern identity, has undergone tremendous changes in the process of globalization and faces numerous challenges and opportunities. In the meantime, the Islamic identity of Iranians after the Islamic Revolution has gained particular prominence in the form of the predominant ideological and scholarly discourse of Islamism and Shi'aism, which, in the process of globalization, must prepare itself to face it and rely on rich cultural heritage in addition to By preserving its identity, using the tools derived from global culture, it seeks to globalize it, and, with the importance of all aspects of its identity in the twenty-first century, the need for all of its diverse dimensions is felt. And Islamic identity of Iranians must be reconciled with the process of globalization and the rapid development of the present century in order to meet the needs of the new generation of Iranian people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - The Process of Globalization and the Necessity to Adopt a Inclusive Approach to Iran’s National Identity by the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Government
Majid Abbaszadeh Marzbali Hossein Rafie< p >The purpose of the present study is to explore the impact of the process of globalization on the transformation of the attitudes of Iranians to national identity and thereby presenting an appropriate identity model in policymaking in order to protect national More< p >The purpose of the present study is to explore the impact of the process of globalization on the transformation of the attitudes of Iranians to national identity and thereby presenting an appropriate identity model in policymaking in order to protect national identity. Accordingly, the main research question is that with regard to the identity effects of globalization in Iran, which approach can be adopted by the Islamic Republic of Iran to maintain national identity. This research relies on the hypothesis that with respect to the effects of globalization on the identity perspectives in Iran, the Iranian government can adopt an inclusive approach to national identity and simultaneously emphasize on 3 tenets of being Iranian, Islamic, and modern in order to reinforce and encourage the tendency of the majority of society to Iranian national identity and protect that. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the research results show that due to the penetration of globalization into Iran and the spread of cyberspace (as a means of globalization), the outlook of Iranian society on the principles of Iran’s national identity has been transformed. As a result of this situation, the bonding between people and their former principles as being Iranian and Muslim has weakened and instead, their tendency to the principles of modernity is reinforced. If a suitable approach is not adopted to this issue by the Islamic Republic of Iran, it can lead to the deterioration of national identity. For the sake of maintaining Iran’s national identity, the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran should simultaneously pay attention to all tenets of identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - An Investigation of the Relationship between the BRICS and Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Arezoo Kheradmandan Bahram Yousefi Roohollah Shahabi Shiva JalalpoorThe purpose of the present study is to explain the relationship between the BRICS members and the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research relies on the hypothesis that the relation between BRICS and the Islamic Republic of Iran is defined within the framework of foreign MoreThe purpose of the present study is to explain the relationship between the BRICS members and the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research relies on the hypothesis that the relation between BRICS and the Islamic Republic of Iran is defined within the framework of foreign relations between Iran and the BRICS nations. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results show that although the BRICS is against the U.S unilateralism, it does not seem to have sufficient resources or be able to moderate the effects of U.S sanctions against Iran as much as it is expected. Among the BRICS states, Russia indirectly benefits from the U.S sanctions against Iran as Iran’s failure to produce more natural gas as well as its financial and technological failures to complete energy projects in near future would lead to a regional and global market in favor of Russia and to the detriment of Iran. On the other hand, the BRICS members have long-term plans to prevent the U.S unilateralism while they have not cut their political-economic relations with the U.S and have not challenged the structure of the international system. According to the approach of constructivism, the leaders ought to observe the norms of international structure in order to gain more benefit for their country as the constructivists hold that the countries’ foreign policy and their close relations in the international level take a serious form in terms of their common approaches. It is evident that the BRICS members take this fact into account and thereby they would not get into an ideological fight with the U.S in the international arena. Therefore, the relations with the BRICS countries would have no extreme and ideal effect on the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - A Reflection upon the Concept of Political Development in the Principlist Discourse of Mahmūd Ahmadī Nizhād
Reza Mohammadain Hossein Tafazoli Seyed Ismail Hosseini GoliMahmūdAhmadī Nizhād is the head of the 9th and 10th government in the Islamic Republic of Iran who launched his work with an approach to revive the principles and ideals of the Islamic Revolution. The purpose of the present study is to represent a distinct analysis of t MoreMahmūdAhmadī Nizhād is the head of the 9th and 10th government in the Islamic Republic of Iran who launched his work with an approach to revive the principles and ideals of the Islamic Revolution. The purpose of the present study is to represent a distinct analysis of the concept of political development in the discourse of MahmūdAhmadī Nizhād that in contrast with the western conception of political development, is accompanied with some requirements such as establishing Islamic civilization by the Islamic Republic Government and improving Islamic culture and civilization in the international level. Using descriptive analysis, this study deals with the main research question that: what does the concept of political development mean in in the priciplist idea of MahmūdAhmadī Nizhād? This research delves deep into the principlist discourse of the parties and democratic organizations as well as the role of people in achieving the goals of the revolution and then represents a new interpretation of the concept of political development. This interpretation recognizes the establishment of Islamic civilization and justice by the Islamic Republic of Iran throughout the world as the center of this concept in the intellectual discourse of MahmūdAhmadī Nizhād. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - The Role of Science and Technology in the Development of Islamic Civilization in the Globalization Age
Hosein Marzbani Ali ShirkhaniThe purpose of the present study is to review the role of science and technology in the development in the age of globalization. The objective of this study is developmental-practical and its method is descriptive-analytic. In this regard, a mixed method along with the MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the role of science and technology in the development in the age of globalization. The objective of this study is developmental-practical and its method is descriptive-analytic. In this regard, a mixed method along with the Delphi technique which is a great approach for managerial studies and better and deeper recognition of phenomena was used. For data collection, the field methods of interviewing the experts as well as document and library study methods were used. According to the research results, Islamic civilization during the globalization age has passed the appropriate path of growth and development in the best way possible using the potential of science and technology in society and that science and technology are the contributing factors of solidarity in Islamic civilization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Security Challenges Arising from Globalization in the Middle East and Their Impact on the Foreign Policy Strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia
Fazel Hassanzadeh Amin Ravanbod Ghafar ZareiIn the past few years, we have seen developments in the Middle East region. The Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia are two important and influential countries in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East. During the last four decades after the Islamic Revolution, Saud MoreIn the past few years, we have seen developments in the Middle East region. The Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia are two important and influential countries in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East. During the last four decades after the Islamic Revolution, Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran have undergone many changes in their relations. The purpose of this research is to investigate the security challenges caused by globalization in the Middle East and its impact on the adoption of foreign policy strategies of the two countries. Was. The method used in this research is the descriptive-analytical method. In this method, the analysis of information is based on the historical review of the events related to the subject, as well as the data based on the analysis of details in the overall structure, and the foreign policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia are identified using reliable sources. The results of the research showed that Saudi Arabia seeks to improve its regional position against the Islamic Republic of Iran, and with this goal, it has entered into regional crises, and in this regard, the policies adopted by the two regimes have caused divergence and divisive tensions in regional level, the result of which has been nothing but the rise and spread of terrorists in the region, the presence of western countries under the pretext of fighting it, and the overall decrease in the security of the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - globalization and the necessity of evolution in the humanities in order to have a favorable impact on the development process in Iran
Majid Abbaszadeh Marzbali Hossein Hossein Seyed Nasrollah HejaziThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between humanities and development of Iran in the era of globalization and provide solutions for strengthening the humanities in order to have a favorable impact on the development process of the country. Accordin MoreThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between humanities and development of Iran in the era of globalization and provide solutions for strengthening the humanities in order to have a favorable impact on the development process of the country. Accordingly, the main question of the study is, how can the humanities in Iran help achieve the country in the age of globalization? In this research, using the descriptive-analytical method, the question is answered. The hypothesis of the article is that humanities can only help Iran achieve development in the era of globalization, which generally addresses its weaknesses, addresses the requirements of the process of globalization and better interacts with the centers of human sciences Out of the country. The overall result of the research is that, given that the humanities in Iran are faced with fundamental deficiencies and this has led to the fact that this field cannot play the role of the development of the country as it should, Therefore, planners and scholars of the humanities in the country should provide the country with a view to development, taking into account the requirements and developments arising from the process of globalization in educating rational and efficient people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Modernity, Globalization and Prevalence of Postmodern Terrorism
Seyyed Mohsen Al‐e Ghafour Reza SadeqiyanIn order to understand the terrorism in the age of globalization and the relationship between the two, one needs to consider the changes in the thought&nb MoreIn order to understand the terrorism in the age of globalization and the relationship between the two, one needs to consider the changes in the thought framework of modernity. Modernity is not the only element for the appearance of terrorist groups; rather it is one of the major elements for the manifestation of postmodern terrorism. In a general classification, three kinds of terrorism can be perceived: traditional, modern and postmodern terrorisms. The approach of the traditional terrorism varies from the approaches of the modern and postmodern terrorisms. The modern and postmodern terrorisms are the result of changes following the growing trend of modernity and hence the globalization. In all of the activities of these two types, one can notice signs of enmity with globalization; however, the traditional terrorists acted differently. The goals of the traditional terrorists have been limited. However, the modern and postmodern terrorists aim at goals which go beyond outstanding governmental characters. This resembles the modernity thought which does not accept anything which brings about limitation. This article intends to show that the modern and postmodern terrorisms are a reaction to the consequences of modernity and globalization. In other words, the modern and postmodern terrorisms are the products of the modern period and are one of the major crises of modernity and globalization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Study of Shahnameh through a Cosmopolitan Approach
Nozzhat NoohiThis essay aims at considering the characteristics of Shahnameh through a literary cosmopolitan approach. Since many new theories are inspired by antecedent ideas, we should bear in mind that literary cosmopolitanism leads us to two previous theories i.e. world literatu MoreThis essay aims at considering the characteristics of Shahnameh through a literary cosmopolitan approach. Since many new theories are inspired by antecedent ideas, we should bear in mind that literary cosmopolitanism leads us to two previous theories i.e. world literature and comparative literature. The new reality of global village has impressed literature as well and resulted in a kind of literary cosmopolitanism. It is a new practice for magnificent literary works to stabilize their place on the list of world literature masterpieces. Shahnameh is one of these masterpieces which have been preserved through the ages. Shahnameh closely matches with the criteria of literary cosmopolitanism and invites the readers all around the global village to intelligently read it Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - theoretical introduction to global capitalism as a form of life
Amir Razzaghi Ali Rahmani Firozjah Ali Asghar Abbasi AsfajirThe form of human life is the result of forms, patterns, rules, etc. Man is at the core of the idea of life form.The research topic of this article is about why global capitalism is a form of life.And how global capitalism dominate form of life on people and societies MoreThe form of human life is the result of forms, patterns, rules, etc. Man is at the core of the idea of life form.The research topic of this article is about why global capitalism is a form of life.And how global capitalism dominate form of life on people and societies ? To achieve the goal of stating the cause these two questions the theoretical review method has been used.To gather data, Referred to Google, Yahoo, and scientific databases (noormagsin comprehensive portables of humanities, Academia, Britannica, paperhub, etc.) And by using related keywords, she searched for sources, and the found sources were divided into three groups: books, articles, and theses. Among the 109 primary sources found, 45 sources were selected based on criteria.By studying selected sources the, data were extracted, reduced, summarized, conceptualized, categorized and analyzed.The findings state that: Global capitalism at its macro level as a form of life has irreducible forms and patterns. Non-capitalist forms and patterns are rewritten by capitalism and take the form of capitalist forms and patterns.Global capitalism in the form of structured economic, social, cultural-ideological, political and legal spheres has been able to influence all mental and visual affairs of people and societies and dominate a certain form of life over individuals and societies.This form of life is the cause of the continuation of production, distribution, global consumption and earning profit and profit again. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Reinsurance: taking advantage of internationalization opportunities in line with social security
Fatemeh Hashemi Jamshid Edalatian Shahryari Jalal Haghighat MonfareDue to its nature, the insurance industry is one of the most key social phenomena in order to ensure social security. Among these different forms of insurance, reinsurance has a greater impact on social security. Considering the expansion of the phenomenon of globalizat MoreDue to its nature, the insurance industry is one of the most key social phenomena in order to ensure social security. Among these different forms of insurance, reinsurance has a greater impact on social security. Considering the expansion of the phenomenon of globalization on the one hand and considering the effective role of reinsurance as one of the public policy tools in guaranteeing social security, this research is conducted with the aim of designing a reinsurance model to enter international markets. This study is practical in terms of its purpose, which was conducted with a qualitative approach in terms of its nature and form of implementation. The statistical population of this research includes 10 insurance industry experts who were selected using targeted non-probability sampling. The main tool for data collection was a semi-structured interview and a Delphi questionnaire to screen indicators. Content analysis method and MaxQuda software were used to analyze the obtained data. The results of qualitative analysis by Max Kyuda software showed that the dimensions and components of reinsurance model design in international markets include investment, international marketing, strategies, market development, internationalization, internationalization attitude, international entrepreneurship and entering international markets. Also, for these components, 48 indicators were finally approved by the experts. The results of the analysis of sub-categories of the research showed that the indicators of compliance with international obligations, clarification, welcoming ideas and creativity about circumventing sanctions, attention and importance to information technology, establishing favorable communications and introducing oneself at the international level are among the most have priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Cultural Globalization and linguistic creolization in Iranian and Algerian Novels: The Case Study of the novels 'Eshgh va Chizhāye digar' (Love and Other Things) and 'Mamlakat al- Farāsha' (Butterfly Kingdom)
Zahra Sadeghi Kobra Roshanfekr Faramarz Mirzaei Khalil ParviniThis research in the light of the developmental globalization theory and on the basis of the descriptive, analytic and comparative method, studies the problem of globalization and linguistic creolization in the novels 'Mamlakat al-Farasha' (Butterfly Kingdom) and 'Eshgh MoreThis research in the light of the developmental globalization theory and on the basis of the descriptive, analytic and comparative method, studies the problem of globalization and linguistic creolization in the novels 'Mamlakat al-Farasha' (Butterfly Kingdom) and 'Eshgh va Chizhāye digar' (Love and Other Things), because these are two examples of Iranian and Algerian narrative works that reflect more clearly the phenomenon of linguistic creolization. The results indicate that the phenomenon of linguistic crealization is caused by cultural globalization manifested in the narrative discourse of the novels Eshgh va Chizhāye digar and Mamlakat al- Farasha, in two types of nouns and sentences, but the creolization via nouns is the most prominent type of linguistic creolization which is manifested in these two novels. According to the data of statistical analysis, the component of change and distort the names of the characters with a sum of 33% and a frequency of 465, is the most used component in the novel 'Mamlakat al-Farasha'. Then, comes the component of recall and association of the names of famous foreign celebrities and characters with a sum of 25%, and a frequency of 352 leis in the next rank. But in the novel 'Eshgh va Chizhāye digar', the component of the names of lifestyle with a sum of 49%, and a frequency of 220 is the most used and most frequent component, then the component of changing and distorting the names of the characters lies in the next rank with a sum of 27% and a frequency of 122. This research shows also that the main difference between these two novels from the viewpoint of the linguistic creolization lies in the type of foreign language used, as well as the use of changed and distorted names by the writer, so that Aʽraj emphasized mostly on the of the French language, while Mastur emphasized on the use of the English language but didn't dealt with the names changed and distorted as much as Aʽraj did. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Numerical Motion Analyzing Based on Recorded Empirical Data by Smartphone Features
Bahador Abolpour Yaser TaghipourAbstract: This study presents a new method to analyse the motion of moving objects. The novelty of this study is that the presented work obtains your location based on the coupled measured data using the GPS and other motion sensors of a smart phone. This method can be MoreAbstract: This study presents a new method to analyse the motion of moving objects. The novelty of this study is that the presented work obtains your location based on the coupled measured data using the GPS and other motion sensors of a smart phone. This method can be used for GPS free navigations in future studies. The smartphone sensors measure the desired values and a developed Android application records this data. A developed MATLAB code analyses these values for car road travel using multiple coordinate transformations and removes the effects of Earth's gravity from the measured acceleration. It is recognized that the presented method can be used to analyse the movement and performance of the studied material. The obtained results show that the integration of data recorded by the accelerometer sensor integrates the effects of noise and this sensor is not a convenient feature to obtain the instantaneous location. Calculating the acceleration using GPS data may also not be accurate in this case. Getting the location and acceleration using a GPS sensor and accelerometer is more accurate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Manifestations of Globalization and Linguistic Imperialism in English Language Teaching and Materials Preparation: Ideology in the International ELT Textbooks
Seyyed Ali Kazemi Nader Asadi Aidinlou Haniyeh Davatgari Asl -
Open Access Article
136 - dominant implications on curriculum with Islamic education approach toward globalization phenomenon in Ayatollah Javadi Amoli's view"
najme soltaninejad narges keshtiaray hossein vaeziThe purpose of this study is to understand the "dominant implications on curriculum with Islamic education approach toward globalization phenomenon in Ayatollah Javadi Amoli's view"; because educating learners with a global mentality based on Islamic approaches is a str MoreThe purpose of this study is to understand the "dominant implications on curriculum with Islamic education approach toward globalization phenomenon in Ayatollah Javadi Amoli's view"; because educating learners with a global mentality based on Islamic approaches is a strategic task ahead of human resources management in educational institutions. Research method is transcendental logic analysis and the research document field is the texts and resources related to Islamic education and globalization in general and documents, resources, and works of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, in particular; all texts related to the Ayatollah Javadi Amoli's ideas in the field of education and globalization were studied in total number and through purposive sampling. According to his viewpoints, four kinds of education can be proposed in the field of educational systems with a specific output for each of them. In addition, the two divine and atheist approaches are proposed in curriculum on the global level, each of which has a specific purpose, method, content, and evaluation method. Considering the planning, policies, objectives, content, instructional strategies, and evaluation is of particular importance in every curriculum. In a curriculum with a divine approach, the nature of these elements are affected by philosophy and valuable resources of religion; and considering the above-mentioned factors is an inevitable necessity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Exploring the elements of global citizenship education curriculum in primary school educational system in Iran: a qualitative study
Abbas Poursalim Mahboube Arefi Kourosh Fathi VajargahThe main purpose of this inquiry is to identify the key elements of global citizenship education curriculum in the elementary schools of Iran's educational system. The method used in this inquiry is qualitative, which is in turn of a phenomenological type. The statistic MoreThe main purpose of this inquiry is to identify the key elements of global citizenship education curriculum in the elementary schools of Iran's educational system. The method used in this inquiry is qualitative, which is in turn of a phenomenological type. The statistical population consists of teachers, experts and specialists in the field of global citizenship who have been selected purposefully through the snowball technique. Selection of sample individuals continued until the data saturation. 34 people have been interviewed in total, including 18 teachers and 16 experts and faculty members. In order to analyze the data obtained from interviews, Graneheim and Lundman’s method has been employed. The data has been gathered through semi-structured interviews and has been analyzed during the coding stages which has later been presented in 9 general categories including: necessities and needs, goals, contents, teaching and learning methods, the role of teachers, evaluations, materials and resources, location and time. Moreover, Lincoln & Guba’s method has been used in order to establish validity and reliability with using four criteria of validity, transferability, reliability and verifiability. Finally, the application of Philosophy for Children program in global citizenship education has been investigated and suggestions for the further development of global citizenship education have been proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - The Study of the Consequences and Mechanisms of Globalization on Higher Education Curriculum
محمد آتشک رضا نوروززاده محمد قهرمانی محمود ابوالقاسمی مقصود فراستخواهThis article aims to study the consequences and mechanisms of globalization on the higher education curriculum. Documentary studies show that the most important consequences of globalization on the higher education curriculum are development in science and technology, c MoreThis article aims to study the consequences and mechanisms of globalization on the higher education curriculum. Documentary studies show that the most important consequences of globalization on the higher education curriculum are development in science and technology, changes in labor market and employment, social inequalities, promotion of democracy and human rights, increase in intercultural communication, review of moral and ethical values and education for the time of uncertainty. Furthermore, the analysis of the single survey t-test, which has been done through enquiries prepared by the researcher, was answered by 37 experts in higher education curriculum. It showed that in order to deal with these consequences, the following points should be considered in preparing the higher education curriculum including putting more emphasis on learning English language, to increase one’s knowledge about the culture, customs and traditions of other nations, to know and appreciate the influential people of science in international scope, to increase one's life skills to be able to coexist with other races from different countries, to expand one’s knowledge about scientific achievements and innovations,to necessitate the inclusion of democracy and human rights in the curriculum, to produce and provide the virtual contents, to change the process of education from teaching to learning, from individual to group training, from increase in knowledge to increase in skill,from behavioral learning to constructional one and from traditional to virtual. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - The position of Global citizen in âsocial studiesâ curriculum of the sixth grade of elementary school
ebrahim mohammadjaniThe purpose of this study is to examine the position of global citizen in “social studies” curriculum of the sixth grade of elementary school. The research method is descriptive in type of content analysis. The analysis units were selected by sentences and f MoreThe purpose of this study is to examine the position of global citizen in “social studies” curriculum of the sixth grade of elementary school. The research method is descriptive in type of content analysis. The analysis units were selected by sentences and figures and pictures. The statistical population is “social studies” book of sixth grade in elementary school, 2013-2014. Statistical sample in this study is equal to the population, “social studies” book of sixth grade in elementary school. The measurement tool in this study was Oxfam’s global citizenship checklist. This checklist includes three main fields a) cognitive domain b) skill domain and c) attitude domain and 15 components. The validity was determined by the educational science experts. Also three independent coders were used to assess the reliability which their homology coefficients of their coding was 0.83.The descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data (frequency, frequency percent, and table). The results of the data analysis showed that %20.97 of all the sentences and pictures of the “Social Studies” Curriculum of sixth grade are related to the cognitive domain, %3.03 of them are related to the skill domain, and %1.34 of them are related to the attitude domain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Curriculum characteristics of in the era of globalizing and internationalizing of curriculum
Rhimeh Mansouri Gargar Akbar Salehi Effat AbbasiIf globalization is considered as aprocess that is happening and awareness has had a basic role, so it is important to review globalization and design curriculum for increasing the awereness of learners. On the other hand, internationalizing curriculum is a new and revo MoreIf globalization is considered as aprocess that is happening and awareness has had a basic role, so it is important to review globalization and design curriculum for increasing the awereness of learners. On the other hand, internationalizing curriculum is a new and revolving concept that it has been noticed in the curriculum literature in the early twenty- first century. Despite the impotrtance and place of this idea, the interpretations of these words in many countries special in Iran are with ambiguous, confusing, and unclear. The recent research for considering this concept in the curriculum literature was tried to understand different interpretations of these words by using the field method and considering the research articles and reviewing internal and external journals and magazines and introduce a pattern of curriculum in the globalizing and internationalizing. The results showed there must be a difference between globalizing and internalizing of the curriculum. The real effects of revolutions in globalizing and internationalizing the curriculum must be noticeable for the educational experts and also the curriculum prlanners. In this era the curriculum elements have the features under the mentioned revolutions effect that make it difference from other previous plans. These features were considered the main elements of the plan such as the purpose, content, method, and evaluation. Also it is important to consider special approaches and plans on the basis of the culture, background, and content of a society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Content Analysis of Primary School Social Science Curriculum due to the Viewpoint of Global Citizenship Characteristics
Abbas Gholtash Moslem Salehi Hasan MirzaeiThe aim of this study was the investigation for detection of the characteristics of global citizenship in primary school social studies curriculum. For this purpose, the researcher specified the characteristics and features of a global citizenship and then studied the c MoreThe aim of this study was the investigation for detection of the characteristics of global citizenship in primary school social studies curriculum. For this purpose, the researcher specified the characteristics and features of a global citizenship and then studied the content of social studies curriculum of primary school. As the first task, a descriptive method and for the second one, content analysis was used. For having a definite aim, the researcher selected social studies’ textbooks of the fourth and the fifth grades and conducted content analysis to collect data. The researcher used the lists of analysis of lessons’ objectives, student and teachers textbooks content analysis lists and picture analysis drafts. Then, based on theoretical principles and legislative based on the proposal, the validity was determined by educational experts and some other related specialists. Each sentient in lesson objectives, student and teachers textbooks as well as pictures in textbooks were analyzed. Based on the content analysis, the most important results indicated that in general, the qualities of global citizenship in curriculum developing of social studies in Iran primary schools were taken in to account at the rate of 10.20, 6.10 and 3.15 percent in cognitive domain, psychomotor domain and affective domain aspects, respectively. This issue showed that there was little consideration for the qualities of global citizenship in social studies curriculum. The results of picture analysis showed a rate of 30 percent attention to the qualities of global citizenship in social studies curriculum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Designing And Explaining The Pattern Of A Global Citizen Curriculum In Iranian Higher Education; Interdisciplinary Approach
Zahra rashidiThe present study, by reviewing the current state of the university's general curriculum, which aims to educate responsible citizens, has provided a model for interdisciplinary curriculum design. The research was conducted in a heuristic (qualitative-quantitative) mixed MoreThe present study, by reviewing the current state of the university's general curriculum, which aims to educate responsible citizens, has provided a model for interdisciplinary curriculum design. The research was conducted in a heuristic (qualitative-quantitative) mixed paradigm. In the qualitative part, studying and identifying the areas of global citizenship education in the academic curriculum in Iran were considered. Thematic analysis was used on two levels of electoral documents and headings approved by the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution. Data were collected through content analysis, checklist and checklist. Document analysis was used to analyze the data. In the quantitative section, a descriptive survey method was used and the statistical population of the program was 145 people. The researcher-made questionnaire was designed with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.91 and content validity. Chi-square and Friedman tests were used for data analysis. According to the findings in the qualitative part of the general curriculum system, its focus and organization is based on the discipline-based normative approach. Most of the content related to the components of globalization is often indirectly related and is dominated by positive, neutral and negative aspects. Therefore, the Global Citizen Curriculum Model is based on an interdisciplinary approach in five key steps that include the key elements of the program. The course (Goals, Content, Teaching and Evaluation Methods) was designed based on three components of knowledge, skills, and attitudes at both macro and micro levels. At macro level, the integrated curriculum approach (integration) and at the micro level (vertical, broad and educational) used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Design and Realization of a Junction-less TFET for Analog and Digital Applications Based on Strain Engineering
Fayzollah Khorramrouze Seyed Ali Sedigh Ziabari Ali Heydari -
Open Access Article
144 - The Role of Liberalism and the Collapse of Communism in Expanding Mysticism & Spirituality
Amirreza Habibi samad ghaempanah Hasan Shamsini Ghiasvand Seyyed Assadollah AthariSince the Age of Enlightenment which is based on giving value to the inherent dignity and individual freedom, has paved the way for many schools of spirituality e.g Mysticism and improved the authenticity of human dignity. On the other hand, Communism was the most signi MoreSince the Age of Enlightenment which is based on giving value to the inherent dignity and individual freedom, has paved the way for many schools of spirituality e.g Mysticism and improved the authenticity of human dignity. On the other hand, Communism was the most significant ideology in contrast with Mysticism as well as religion and spirituality. By Collapse of the Soviet Union and ending the Cold War, Communism started declining and Mysticism began to grow and expand over the world. In fact, Liberalism wasn’t basically against the spirituality so it helped to regenerate the religion and Mysticism especially Islamic Mysticism in Postmodernism Era. As a result, the global anthropology gave a special concentration on the spirituality, love, and lindness. It means that the process of globalization aligned well with the concept of spirituality in human life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - A Zigzag Theory with Local Shear Correction Factors for Semi-Analytical Bending Modal Analysis of Functionally Graded Viscoelastic Circular Sandwich Plates
M Shariyat M.M Alipour -
Open Access Article
146 - Global Optimization of Stacking Sequence in a Laminated Cylindrical Shell Using Differential Quadrature Method
M.R Saviz A Ziaei Asl -
Open Access Article
147 - Investigating the Quality of Exported Olives and its Iimpact on the Global Market Supply
Samane Lajevardi Shaban Ali Khoshkar MoghaddamQuality food preservation, and paying attention to global developments with the aim of increasing transnational cooperation between producing countries, improves supply in the world market. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors of maintaining the quali MoreQuality food preservation, and paying attention to global developments with the aim of increasing transnational cooperation between producing countries, improves supply in the world market. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors of maintaining the quality of olive export product and solutions to meet the supply challenge in the global market. The implementation method is descriptive and based on survey. Therefore, according to the conceptual model, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared in the form of 4 factors and 40 indicators. This questionnaire has been distributed in the statistical population of 50 companies in the field of olive export in Tehran and Rudbar. The results through AHP method and combining coefficients, and pairwise comparison of factors show that the factor of "health, hygiene and environment" and its indicators have the most important role in the quality of exported olives and in the global market supply. After that, "public and private sector policy" is an important factor. Also, a coherent strategy between producers and exporters in global marketing, alignment of supervisory boards, and the creation of a scalable database by regional brands, and the provision of quality information and the authenticity of olive oil have played an important role in the global market supply. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - The Causal Model of Export Entrepreneurship and Export Market Orientation on Export Performance: a Case Study of Food and Agricultural Products Export Companies
Ali Kazemi Alireza Rousta Abdullah Na'ami -
Open Access Article
149 - Using Genetic Algorithm to Robust Multi Objective Optimization of Maintenance Scheduling Considering Engineering Insurance
Somayeh Molaei Mir Mahdi Seyed Esfahani Akbar Esfahanipour -
Open Access Article
150 - A Study of Our Share in Complete Growth and Development of World with an Approach to Understanding of Anti-Marketing Importance
Esrafil Shirazi -
Open Access Article
151 - New Trends in Critical Regionalism through the Lens of Tzonis and Lefaivre
Elahe Zoghi Hoseini Darab Diba Hamed Kamelnia Mostafa Mokhtabad -
Open Access Article
152 - Developments of the world order with emphasis on the role of social networks and Iran's position in the geometry of the new world order
Hossein EbrahimiGlobalization and the new world order is a complex process with ups and downs that has continued to evolve over time and has become the most common concepts of humanities in the focus of researchers in various fields today. The limitation of the world order to time and MoreGlobalization and the new world order is a complex process with ups and downs that has continued to evolve over time and has become the most common concepts of humanities in the focus of researchers in various fields today. The limitation of the world order to time and the formation of its different periods with a short history are caused by the lack of morality, the lack of global consensus on the concept of the new order, the lack of adherence to commitments, etc. So far, the new world order has often used war and military power in the path of evolution to achieve its goals, and it was successful in the economic dimension and international relations at first, but it is gradually trying to penetrate other dimensions by using information technology while expanding military power. to do The emergence of social networks as a key component with the capability of two-way communication and reality over time will take over the soft power of the new world order. In this period of history, the world order is ready to form a new structure based on evolution, dynamics and various components. Iran, after the Islamic revolution, by changing its symbols and strategies for the new world order, due to having outstanding characteristics such as intelligent and talented human resources, sensitive and privileged geographical location, high governmental and civilizational logic, etc., can occupy a prominent position. provide for himself in the new world order and stabilize it in the following periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Globalization of Culture and Traditional Clothing of Ethnic Identities With Emphasis On Survival Of Kurdish Women's Clothing In West Of Iran
Shima Karimpour Marzieh PiravivanakThe purpose of this study was to describe the authenticity of the women's clothing industry, identifying the identity of the traditional garment, and, consequently, the process of globalization as one of the main reasons for identity stripping, to be explained by its im MoreThe purpose of this study was to describe the authenticity of the women's clothing industry, identifying the identity of the traditional garment, and, consequently, the process of globalization as one of the main reasons for identity stripping, to be explained by its impact on the design of a new traditional garment. The research population was the Kurdish women, relying on objective evidence of the Kurdish women dressing in western Iran and at the same time observing the Kurdish women clothes living in Western countries through internet and virtual networks. In the present paper, the method of descriptive-analytical research was used and the data was collected from library, online and field observation with data gathering tools such as index cards and computers and finally the traditional Kurdish women's clothing of western Iran was compared with traditional Kurdish women's clothing in Non-Iranian societies. After identifying one of the main causes of the change in these traditional garments in other countries, the modified structure of Kurdish women's clothing was described and the reasons for maintaining original structure in western Iran was investigated. Finally, the results showed that traditional Kurdish women's clothing in the countries containing the ethnic population of these people, influenced by the cultural effects of globalization in the design of fashion and clothing, has a minimalistic (minimal) structure and the components and indications that are the main factor Identity to this garment has been simplified or lost, and in different parts of it, aesthetic values have been overcome by beliefs and functions. Meanwhile, the causes of the survival of this garment in its original structure in western Iran can be attributed to the efficient planning of the state in preserving ethnic identities, the persistence of the Iranian Kurds and their ethnic traditions, even the most superficial cultural expressions, and ultimately their own characteristics In line with the Islamic culture's clothing of Islamic culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Globalization and Social Capabilities of Muslim Women
Hamideh Salehian Lena AbdolkhaniToday, the necessity of studying the status of Muslim women in the process of globalization and international developments with the aim of adjusting and improving their status is a considerable issue. Research in the field of Muslim women related issues by taking their MoreToday, the necessity of studying the status of Muslim women in the process of globalization and international developments with the aim of adjusting and improving their status is a considerable issue. Research in the field of Muslim women related issues by taking their demands into account in various stages of social and cultural planning and decision making increased its importance. The social, economic, political, and cultural factors that govern communities, as well as global experiences of globalization, faced Muslim women with different opportunities and threats. This research, on the one hand, studied the positive and negative effects of globalization for women. On the other hand, it reflected social movements and attempts made to achieve strategic demands that ensure the elimination of discrimination and inequality in different areas of life and the provision of a suitable and befitting environment for Muslim women in developing their productive and creative capabilities, regarding existing challenges. It is, thus, necessary to take appropriate measures in favor of promoting the status of women by decision-making bodies, intellectuals, and cultural policy-makers and, most of all, Muslim women themselves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Review of Global Experiences of Urban Poverty Reduction Policies
Fatemeh Zadvali Asghar PashazadehUrban poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon and urbanites due to many deprivations; Lack of access to employment opportunities, adequate housing and infrastructure, lack of social security and access to health, education and personal security are suffering. Urban pov MoreUrban poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon and urbanites due to many deprivations; Lack of access to employment opportunities, adequate housing and infrastructure, lack of social security and access to health, education and personal security are suffering. Urban poverty is not limited to the above-mentioned characteristics and also refers to unstable conditions leading to vulnerability and inability to deal with injuries. Given the importance of the issue of urban poverty, governments are constantly thinking of policies that will reduce urban poverty. The present study is descriptive-analytical. And the statistical population of this research includes reports that are available and their main theme is about urban poverty reduction policies, the statistical sample of which is related to New York City and Brazil and Indonesia. The results of the present study indicate that poverty reduction programs and policies in New York seem to be successful, and the reason for this success is that this poverty reduction program does not only emphasize the economic dimension of poverty, but also its social dimension. Regarding the poverty reduction program and policy of Indonesia and Brazil, it can be concluded that these countries emphasize only the economic dimension to identify poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon, and considering the other dimensions of urban poverty, a large number of poor are ignored in poverty reduction programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Legal analysis of the evolution of the concepts of power and public order in modern global ideas in the postmodern historical period
Mohammad Mirzaei Mehr Kheirollah Parvin Abdul Karim ShahiderThe issue of power is one of the issues that have been continuously discussed and disputed by political and legal thinkers and philosophers. Based on this, different theories have been proposed regarding its meaning. According to many experts, the new approach to the co MoreThe issue of power is one of the issues that have been continuously discussed and disputed by political and legal thinkers and philosophers. Based on this, different theories have been proposed regarding its meaning. According to many experts, the new approach to the concept of power in the context of new thought begins with the views of Thomas Hobbes. As one of the greatest political philosophers of the modern era, he theorized the concept of power for the first time, in which power is expressed based on the concept of sovereignty and in relation to the government. Other thinkers have also taken steps in this way. Looking at Foucault's thoughts in the postmodern era regarding power, a dominant model and intellectual and cultural framework that forms a set of models and theories for a society (paradigm) was created. From this point of view, in the postmodern era, the power and its relations are not concentrated in the government institution, but are plural in the society network, and public order is based on the principle of difference and specificity of individuals and groups. The aspects of power transformations in the postmodern era include: denial of the political nature of power, productive and positive nature of power, networkedness and fluidity of power relations, and denial of meta-narratives that legitimize power. Power and public order are two related categories in modern legal and political thought; Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - Strategies of Entrepreneurship in Arts and Cultural Institutions in the Globalization Era
Esmaeil Kavousy Seyed Sadegh Avali Background: Globalization is one of the key concepts which, in recent decades, has received much attention among scholars and policy makers, to the extent that this concept can be called one of the most popular and most used concepts in the humanities. With the r More Background: Globalization is one of the key concepts which, in recent decades, has received much attention among scholars and policy makers, to the extent that this concept can be called one of the most popular and most used concepts in the humanities. With the rapid and increasing growth of technical know-how, technology and consumer markets, there would be no room for using the past and established experiences and solutions. Past experiences and solutions are no longer useful for current and future problems of organizations. Objective: This research reviewed the strategies of entrepreneurship in arts and cultural institutions in the era of globalization. Method: It is functional in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection (research plan) it is heuristic mixed. In the qualitative step, the case study approach was applied for data collection, and in the quantitative step, the data collection was done by survey description method. The population consisted of academic experts and experts in the field of art and culture, executives, experts in cultural and arts institutions and cultural entrepreneurs. In the qualitative step, using purposive sampling, samples were taken to saturation level. After interviewing some 14 experts, data was reached to saturation. In quantitative step, judgmental purposive sampling was used, which is considered as non-probability sampling methods. Statistical population size of executives, professionals and entrepreneurs in the arts and culture sector was about 400 people which after having been put in the Cochran formula, some 250 samples were obtained. Some 275 questionnaires and counting a ten-percent greater than selected sample size were distributed. Findings / Result: The information obtained from interviews and questionnaires helped to develop basic values, cultural business missions as well as finding inner and outer factors. Conclusion: Using the SWOT and QSMP matrix, strategies to entrepreneurship in arts and culture institutions in the era of globalization were designed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Reflection on the Iranian Academic General Curriculum in the Globalization Era
Zahra RashidiThe academic general curriculum is of great importance alongside the specialized curriculum; this field is not only limited to the subject of human knowledge and scientific disciplines, but is also related to the development of personal capabilities, such as the creativ MoreThe academic general curriculum is of great importance alongside the specialized curriculum; this field is not only limited to the subject of human knowledge and scientific disciplines, but is also related to the development of personal capabilities, such as the creativity and intellectual abilities, transfer of cultural heritage and values, and the evaluation of committed and accountable citizens. The present study aims to investigate the various areas of Global Citizenship Education (GCE) in the academic general curriculum in Iran. This is an applied research wherein, a qualitative content analysis method, the thematic analysis (themes), has been applied to the two levels of the selected documents (the law on the goals, duties, and organizations of the Ministry of Science, the comprehensive scientific map of Iran, and Iran''s sixth development plan) and syllabuses of the general courses approved by the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution. The data collection tools included content analysis, note-taking, and a checklist. A descriptive-analytic method was applied to interpret and analyze the data. Based on the research findings, the level of contents associated with globalization has a significant degree of severity and weakness from one course to another in terms of the qualitative aspect. It is certain that most of the contents related to the components of globalization often have indirect links and regarding the positive, negative, and neutral aspects, it can be claimed that the neutral aspect is of considerable significance compared to the other aspects. The qualitative content analysis of the documents and syllabuses of the general courses was done and subsequently, the obtained scheme indicates that the existing approach to the GCE in Iran is a combination of political and civic education approaches, cultural transfer, and the neo-liberal approach, and hence, the educational system should try to train global citizens with Iranian–Islamic identity. Among the important points in the analysis of the documents is a lack of distinction between globalization and internationalization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - From Universal School-Based Management Model to Pattern Iran's Progress - Islamic School Board of Trustees: Qualitative Analysis Dimensions and Specific Indicators to Evaluate Performance
Saeid Moradi Kourosh Fathi Vajarghah -
Open Access Article
160 - Global Positioning System
Seyed Mahmoud MireskandariIn order to get accurate , exact geographical data by the use of GPS it is just needed to inspect the expenses of what have been done and to correct it’s failures . This technology ascertains minute positioning as small as a pin point in different weather conditio MoreIn order to get accurate , exact geographical data by the use of GPS it is just needed to inspect the expenses of what have been done and to correct it’s failures . This technology ascertains minute positioning as small as a pin point in different weather conditions ,any time during the days and nights so accurately . It is also used to collect and get a great geographical data . GPS is usually used for collecting reliable positioning data in the deserts . It is used with GIS technology in the controlling system of navigation and warships and this is one of the advantages of GPS in relation to classic topography. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - The evolution of urban spaces in the shadow of globalization with emphasis on socio-cultural dimensions
Zahra Foroutan Manouchehr Tabibian -
Open Access Article
162 - An Investigation on access rate of the secondary and guidance school students with the life skills in Kurdistan province
hasan gharebi zoleikhah gholezadehThe aim of this research is to investigate the familiarity of the secondary school and guidance school students with the life skills. Statistical society of this research was all the students in Kurdistan province secondary schools and guidance schools , of which 700 st MoreThe aim of this research is to investigate the familiarity of the secondary school and guidance school students with the life skills. Statistical society of this research was all the students in Kurdistan province secondary schools and guidance schools , of which 700 students were selected as the sample society based on Cochoran formula in Saghez, Baneh and Marivan cities, in a multi - stage randomly selection.The research tool was the questionaires made by the researcher whose reliability was measured based on Cronbach Alpha (90) and its validity was approved by some in this the field. This questionnaire include 5 skills: decision making, human relationship, global citizenship, responsible citizenship and problem solving. The analysis of findings showed that the rate of secondary school and guidance school students familiarity with these skills was above average (based on %50 scale).The maximal rate of their familiarity was with decision making and problem solving skills. And the minimal rate of their familiarity was with the human relationship skill. The girls’ familiarity with life skills was greater then the boys’. Interactional effects of parents’ education on student’s familiarity with the above skill were significant. Except for the human relationship skill, there was a significant difference among the fields of study. Only in decision making and responsible citizenship skill, the differences between secondary school students and guidance school were significant. In other skills there wasn’t any significant difference between them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Components of Iranian identity in cultural soft power in the context of cultural globalization
farzaneh dashti mohammadrahim eivaziThe globalization of all aspects of human life, whether economic, political, cultural, social and surround And hence the number of countries with serious problems. World geographical boundaries role in decisions made and actions political, economic and cultural rights a MoreThe globalization of all aspects of human life, whether economic, political, cultural, social and surround And hence the number of countries with serious problems. World geographical boundaries role in decisions made and actions political, economic and cultural rights and interests of individuals and countries have reduced human beings, More in line with the common interests of all peoples and nations of the world is. The process of globalization had led to any change in Iranian society and has been effective. Therefore, the role of Iranian influence and political elite of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the country's macro-management system depends. In this regard has always been prowling the custodians of the country's macroeconomic policy convergence between global culture on the one hand, And preserving the rich Iranian-Islamic culture on the one hand, to the point of equilibrium and balance. With the belief that the rich and powerful identity and culture, including the culture that shaped the continuity and durability of different ethnic groups and to peacefully throughout history in different cultures has been dealing with, Easily in the face of globalization as project and process not only not assimilated but become more prosperous and flourishing. So should assume integration of culture with world culture consider and further knowledge of the capacities and capabilities of the Islamic Iranian culture and civilization in the present day and will have a significant role in dealing with it, Otherwise, to remove opportunities and will become a serious threat to national identity and security Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Iran'sentryinto theglobal marketand its impact oncraftsinthe secondhalf of theQajar Period. Case Study:Qaenatprovince
omid spehri rad ali aramjoWith thewideentering ofIran to theglobal marketin the second halfof Qajars government (1264-1344 A.H), social and economic spheres of the country have been Changed.Craftsas wellastheeconomicfieldthiswas no exception.present article, also review the status of provincial MoreWith thewideentering ofIran to theglobal marketin the second halfof Qajars government (1264-1344 A.H), social and economic spheres of the country have been Changed.Craftsas wellastheeconomicfieldthiswas no exception.present article, also review the status of provincial crafts ofQaenat in the second half of Qajar rule and the influence of the large influx of this province on the global market,hasexamined.According to findingsof thisresearch, in thisperiod many of Qaenats crafts, mainly due to lack ofcompetitionwith Westerncheap goods, graduallydestroyed.However, theproduction and trade ofCarpetsdue tothe growinginterest inthe global market, hasconsiderablyincreased.Whilethis industryin terms ofquality,sufferedsignificant damage.Althoughithasreceived little attentioninstudies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Components of Iranian identity in cultural soft power in the context of cultural globalization
فرزانه دشتی محمد رحیم عیوضیGlobalization is inevitable that in the course of their development all aspects of human life, whether economic, political, cultural and social surround And hence the number of countries with serious problems. World geographical boundaries role in decisions made and act MoreGlobalization is inevitable that in the course of their development all aspects of human life, whether economic, political, cultural and social surround And hence the number of countries with serious problems. World geographical boundaries role in decisions made and actions political, economic and cultural rights and interests of individuals and countries have reduced human beings, More in line with the common interests of all peoples and nations of the world is. The process of globalization had led to any change in Iranian society and has been effective. Therefore, the role of Iranian influence and political elite of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the country's macro-management system depends. In this regard has always been prowling the custodians of the country's macroeconomic policy convergence between global culture on the one hand, And preserving the rich Iranian-Islamic culture on the one hand, to the point of equilibrium and balance. With the belief that the rich and powerful identity and culture, including the culture that shaped the continuity and durability of different ethnic groups and to peacefully throughout history in different cultures has been dealing with, Easily in the face of globalization as project and process not only not assimilated but become more prosperous and flourishing. So should assume the interaction and integration of culture with world culture consider and further knowledge of the capacities and capabilities of the Islamic Iranian culture and civilization in the present day and will have a significant role in dealing with it, Otherwise, to remove opportunities and will become a serious threat to national identity and security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Investigating the Impact of the Corona on Foreign Policy
Hasan Shamsini Ghiasvand Saeed JahangiriHasan Shamsini Ghiasvand [1] Saeed Jahangiri[2] Abstract: Corona's influence on foreign policy can be considered in security, economic and political dimensions. In fact, Corona is imposing new relations on international relations. Of course, it should be noted that such MoreHasan Shamsini Ghiasvand [1] Saeed Jahangiri[2] Abstract: Corona's influence on foreign policy can be considered in security, economic and political dimensions. In fact, Corona is imposing new relations on international relations. Of course, it should be noted that such statements may be one-sided and accompanied by political flaws. The central goal of this paper is the effects of Corona on foreign policy in a general perspective. But generally it can be said that foreign policy in the post-Corona period will be different from the past. Explaining that the pursuit of national interests by governments continues, but the mechanisms for the realization of national interests may be different from the past. In general, some of the effects of Corona on foreign policy can be presented as follows; -Transition from a unipolar world to a new block chain -Transition from global convergence to relative global tensions, especially between major world powers - Further return of nationalism in foreign policy -Emphasis on statehood and the relative transition of globalization -Increasing the importance of regionalism in foreign policy and the relative reduction of regional tensions [1] Hassan Shamsini Ghiasvand. Assistant Professor of Political Science. Department of Political Science. Azad University of Takestan Branch. Qazvin [2]- Ph.D in Political Science, Iran, Law School, Theology and Political Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Metamorphosis in Attitude Reformist Current to Socio-Cultural Liberalism
mahommad ansandoost samad ghaempanah hasan shamsini ghiasvand,Abstract:After the Islamic Revolution, various intellectual-political factions were formed. In the last four decades, due to domestic and foreign needs, these factions have faced transformation in all dimensions including attitudes to current issues such as democracy, h MoreAbstract:After the Islamic Revolution, various intellectual-political factions were formed. In the last four decades, due to domestic and foreign needs, these factions have faced transformation in all dimensions including attitudes to current issues such as democracy, human rights, and women's rights. The main question of this research is: what are the reasons for the transformation of the reformist faction to cultural and social liberalism? The current reformist faction, which is a continuation of the Islamic left faction of the Islamic Republic in the past decades, has faced this semantic evolution. Reformist faction, especially in the last two decades due to internal developments such as demographic stratification, the semantic horizon of religious intellectuals, economic development and the presence of women in the public sphere, global developments such as the new waves of democracy, social democracy, the expansion of liberal democracy and the new lifestyle have changed their attitudes towards all areas, including cultural liberalism and social democracy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Shariati, Spirituality and Abandoned Men in the Age of Globalization
Khorshid Najafi Jouybari Hasan Shamsini asadolah athary maryan Samad Ghaem Panah Khorshid Najafi Jouybari[1] Hasan Shamsini[2] Asadolah Athariy Mariyan[3] Samad Ghaem Panah[4] Abstract: In his works and views, Shariati provides an overview of identity, morality, and religion for living in this world. For this reaso More Khorshid Najafi Jouybari[1] Hasan Shamsini[2] Asadolah Athariy Mariyan[3] Samad Ghaem Panah[4] Abstract: In his works and views, Shariati provides an overview of identity, morality, and religion for living in this world. For this reason, given the Muslim world, including Iran, has been affected by the crises of globalization and the media. Reconsideration on Shariati's point of views can address some of these social and ethical challenges. For this reason, in recent decades, Shariati's specific concepts and beliefs about selflessness, committed democracy, equality, justice, meaningful religion, individualism, responsibility is all greatly enhanced, because these concepts address the crisis of abandoned humanity, the crisis of identity, the rise of social strife, Citizens’ isolationism, the new lifestyle, the inefficiency of political democracy, and the challenges of modernity. In other words, current analysts and thinkers are trying to respond to Shariati's ideas and to bring them into line with the 21st century to respond to the current situation and needs of citizens in the social dimension. [1] - Ph.D. Candidate of Political Science, Islamic Azad University of Takestan, kh.najafi58@gmail.com [2]- Assistant Professor of Political Science. Department of Political Science. Azad University of Takestan Branch. Qazvin. Iran, Shamsini_h@yahoo.com [3] - Assistant Professor and Faculty Member, Department of Political Science, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran, athariy.asadolah@yhoo.com [4] Assistant Professor and Faculty Member, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran, Corresponding Author, sghaempanah89@gmail.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Pathology of Human Rights Council Policies in the Middle East and Iran
Javad Azizi Khairullah Parvin Mostafa SerajiThe Human Rights Council (UNHRC) replaced the UNCHR as a subsidiary of General Assembly. The United Nations has demonstrated its special importance for issues related to improving global human rights situation and promoting universal respect for human rights protection MoreThe Human Rights Council (UNHRC) replaced the UNCHR as a subsidiary of General Assembly. The United Nations has demonstrated its special importance for issues related to improving global human rights situation and promoting universal respect for human rights protection and fundamental freedoms. It is responsible for fulfilling its human rights obligations. Among features of the UNHRC are possibility of suspending membership of countries violating human rights and establishing a mechanism for reviewing the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) and studying details of monitoring human rights violations. Despite its many efforts in human right’s field, UNHRC has not yet been able to reach its main position and goal, which is to defend human rights in countries and Middle East region. Among factors that stand in way of achieving the UNHRC goals are universality of human rights, cultural relativism, lack of enforcement mechanisms, political considerations and injustice as well as the stance of some countries against the UNHRC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Bush and Trump's Inspirational Pattern in Building Nation and Promoting Democracy
Alireza Mashoori Rouhollah Shahabi Bahram Yousefi Fereydoun Akbarzadeh Alireza Mashoori[1], Rouhollah Shahabi*[2], Bahram Yousefi[3], Fereydoun Akbarzadeh[4] Abstract: Leo Strauss's ideas have had a profound impact on US foreign policy. One of his most important ideas is his views on despotism and the political regime, which emer More Alireza Mashoori[1], Rouhollah Shahabi*[2], Bahram Yousefi[3], Fereydoun Akbarzadeh[4] Abstract: Leo Strauss's ideas have had a profound impact on US foreign policy. One of his most important ideas is his views on despotism and the political regime, which emerged in the Bush administration with the idea of regime change in Iraq. The United States has a global mission to promote American values and democracy. This global mission in the Bush administration was interventionist and militaristic. But Trump believes America's position internationally weakened and that the domestic situation is unfavorable. Trump sees the situation as a result of foreign intervention. Trump seeks to change US policies to return to his former position, the changes that Trump's Strauss supporters compare with regime change. Bush seeks interventionism, but Trump uses modeling to promote America to a stance as an example to be emulated. [1] . PhD student, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran, alirezamashoori@gmail.com [2] . Department of Political Science and International Relations, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran, Corresponding Author, shahabi89@hotmail.com [3] . Department of Political Science and International Relations, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran, brmyousefi@gmail.com [4] . Department of Political Science and International Relations, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran, drfereydoun.akbarzadeh@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Evaluating Liberalist Approaches in the Face of Global Environmental Problems
Moslem Sanei mashaallah heydarpour Davoud KiyaniMoslem Sanei[1] mashaallah heydarpour[2] Davoud Kiyani[3] Abstract: The development and expansion of industrial civilization, scientism, and the originality of the individual, although it has enabled human to dominate the nature, failed to provide the ideal world of lif MoreMoslem Sanei[1] mashaallah heydarpour[2] Davoud Kiyani[3] Abstract: The development and expansion of industrial civilization, scientism, and the originality of the individual, although it has enabled human to dominate the nature, failed to provide the ideal world of life. The challenges arising from this epistemological methodology and the resulting global env­ir­on­m­e­n­tal dilemmas have raised fundamental questions about such selfish civilizational behavior and unbridled industrial growth. Different theories of international relations have offered different solutions to these questions. According to their ontological and epistemological foundations, liberal approaches also seek to solve global environmental problems. Focusing on global cooperation, peace, the role of nongovernmental actors, inte­rn­ati­o­n­a­l law, institutionalism and international regimes are among the positive points of liberal theories in the face of global environmental problems. On the other hand, the emphasis on individual authenticity and individual freedoms, the priority of economic issues, the neglect of other factors limi­t­i­n­g cooperation and the national interests of the great powers, the lack of practical attention to sustainable development, the neglect of levels of regional and regional analysis has been considered as weaknesses of this approach. [1] - PhD student in International Relations, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch. [2] - Assistant Professor of International Relations, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch; Corresponding Author [3] - Associate Professor of International Relations, Department of Political Science, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Major Threats to International Peace and Security
bijan amiri amir hooshang mirkoshesh ehsan razaniGlobal security has principles and frameworks that in order to maintain global security, any security effort is aimed at protecting the values of global security or preventing its weakening. With the collapse of the bipolar system and the change in the international s MoreGlobal security has principles and frameworks that in order to maintain global security, any security effort is aimed at protecting the values of global security or preventing its weakening. With the collapse of the bipolar system and the change in the international system, the concept and foundations of global security underwent changes that weakened these foundations and had many consequences. In the light of global security developments, new actors such as individuals, NGOs, social movements and identities entered the int­er­na­ti­o­n­al arena and the scope of global security threats expanded. In this article, while explaining the principles and frameworks of global security, the threats of the principles of global sec­u­ri­ty have been studied and analyzed in order to obtain a proper explanation of the global security situation and its threats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - The Impact of Globalization on the Restriction of Government Sovereignty in Iran
Zhila Mohaddes Shakoori Ganjavi Hojjatollah Ebrahimian tahmineh EdaltjuThe article aims to study the impact of globalization on Iran's national sovereignty. The research question is what effect does globalization have on Iran's national sovereignty? The research hypothesis is that globalization limits national sovereignty by diminishing th MoreThe article aims to study the impact of globalization on Iran's national sovereignty. The research question is what effect does globalization have on Iran's national sovereignty? The research hypothesis is that globalization limits national sovereignty by diminishing the importance of political boundaries, but it can also provide opportunities to strengthen them. The research method of the article are descriptive-analytical and the data collection method. The results of the study showed that globalization limits national sovereignty by reducing the importance of political boundaries and has restrictive effects on the rules and principles of public law, although the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran raises the issue of independence in the country and has an ideological and Islamic perspective, it is not ineffective in limiting the sovereignty of the Iranian government Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - The Impact of Neoliberalism on the Political Thought of John Rawls
Abrahiam Naizi Hasan Shamsini Ghiasvand Seyed Asadolah Athari Mariyan Elaha AbolhasaniPolitical philosophy has paid attention to justice, freedom and equality, so these values have formed a political triangle. In other words, these values form the foundation of political philosophy in different ways. At the end of the twentieth century, justice once agai MorePolitical philosophy has paid attention to justice, freedom and equality, so these values have formed a political triangle. In other words, these values form the foundation of political philosophy in different ways. At the end of the twentieth century, justice once again became the focus of political thought of Western thinkers, even defenders of liberalism such as John Rawls. The main question of the research is: what is the nature of John Rawls' political thought considering the economic developments of the late twentieth century, including neoliberal governments. In other words, what effects have the transformation in the function and structure of governments in the Western world had on the political views of John Rawls in various dimensions of civil rights, the private sphere, the interaction of government and citizens, the relationship between freedom and justice? In general, John Rawls has introduced a new structure of liberalism based on moral justice and responsibility by presenting a new concept of justice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Augmented Downhill Simplex a Modified Heuristic Optimization Method
Mohsen Jalaeian-F -
Open Access Article
176 - Modified Convex Data Clustering Algorithm Based on Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers
Tahereh Esmaeili Abharian Mohammad Bagher Menhaj -
Open Access Article
177 - Identifying Globalization's Effects on Iran's Public Administration by Meta Synthesis Approach
Reza Vaezi Ali Poor BehroozanBackground: Cultural, economic, political and social areas are affected by the phenomenon of globalization. This effect also impresses public administration. Objective: The purpose of this study is, identifying globalization''''''''s effects on Iran''''''''s public admi MoreBackground: Cultural, economic, political and social areas are affected by the phenomenon of globalization. This effect also impresses public administration. Objective: The purpose of this study is, identifying globalization''''''''s effects on Iran''''''''s public administration. Methodology: The method of this study based on interpre Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Enhancing Basic Metal Industry Global Competitiveness Through Total Quality Management, Supply Chain Management & Just- In -Time
Alie Wube Dametew Daniel Kitaw Frank Ebinger -
Open Access Article
179 - The Influence of Globalization Processes on Forecasting the Activities of Market Entities
Nazariy Popadynets Olga Vyshnevska Inna Irtyshcheva Iryna Kramarenko Maryna Ponomarova -
Open Access Article
180 - The Effect of Teaching Strategies for Global Citizen on Systematic Thinking Skills in High School Curriculum
Mohammad Hadi AsgariThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of teaching strategies for global citizen on the scale of systemic thinking (precision change and interactive learning) in teachers. The method is quasi-experimental in which the control group and experimental MoreThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of teaching strategies for global citizen on the scale of systemic thinking (precision change and interactive learning) in teachers. The method is quasi-experimental in which the control group and experimental group were selected randomly in the semi-experimental model. The model for this article has been Life Skills of Global Citizen. The statistical population includes all the teachers participating in strategies for global citizen service training. Fifty statistical samples were randomly selected from the control group and experimental group. They were gathered through systemic thinking questionnaire in precision change and interactive learning that their face and content validity were explored and affirmed. Their stability was. .86 and .91 respectively. The method for descriptive statistics data analysis and t-test is differential. The findings of this paper indicates that the average of systemic thinking before implementation in experimental group and control group has been 13.74 and 12.69 respectively; which after the implementation had been raised to 19.13 and 13.97. The average grade of interactive learning before implementation in experimental group and control group had been 7.71 and 8.12 respectively; which after implementation has been raised to 16.14 and 12.38. The result of t-test implementation in two independent groups in differential form in its effects on precision change (t=7.902) with 99 percent guarantee differs in control group and experimental group. The change scale between control group and experimental group and also the result of t-test had directly influenced the effect of independent variables on the second criterion variable. As the result, teaching strategies for global citizen affects the systemic thinking scale in teachers’ curriculum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Effects of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Production in Alborz Province
Shahram Khosravi Bami Mohammad Reza Ardakani Abdolmajid Mahdavi Damghani Amir Hossein Shirani Rad Parisa Nejatkhah ManaviIn recent years, growing awareness of environmental problems, particularly global warming, has raised concerns about the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the global atmosphere. More life cycle assessments are used to assess and compare the environmental impacts of MoreIn recent years, growing awareness of environmental problems, particularly global warming, has raised concerns about the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the global atmosphere. More life cycle assessments are used to assess and compare the environmental impacts of energy production and the economic aspects of producing a product worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyze the environmental effects of canola production in terms of life cycle assessment (LCA) using SimaPro software with the aim of focusing on environmental impacts. In order to perform the experiments, one ton of rapeseed was used as the operational unit. Required data were collected from 30 farms in Alborz province. The results indicated that the potential of human toxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, and arine aquatic ecotoxicity per ton of rapeseed production were 881.63, 7.08, 288.67, and 618515.14 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene equal (1,4-DB eq.), respectively, and photochemical oxidation potential was 0.43 kg C2H4 eq. The amount of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium used to produce each ton of rapeseed was about 84, 63 and 63 kg, respectively, and the amount of diesel fuel and electrical energy were estimated at 133.5 liters and 586 kW, respectively. Also, the CO2, CO, N2O and NOX emissions were about 361, 4.1, 11.5 and 4.8 kg per ton of rapeseed, respectively. It was also found that chemical fertilizers had the largest contribution among the evaluated inputs in the canola life cycle. As a whole, this study showed that the management of nutrients and pesticides can be considered as a strong point for optimizing the environmental impact of rapeseed production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Life Cycle Assessment of Irrigated Wheat Production under the Effects of Nitrogen Amounts and Splitting its Use in Boushehr Region
Morteza Siavoshi Salman DastanLife cycle assessment is an appropriate method to study the environmental impacts of producing a crop plant throughout its production cycle. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the life cycle of irrigated wheat production under nitrogen amounts and sp MoreLife cycle assessment is an appropriate method to study the environmental impacts of producing a crop plant throughout its production cycle. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the life cycle of irrigated wheat production under nitrogen amounts and splitting in Bushehr province during 2017-18The as split plots based on a randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Four nitrogen rates including 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg urea ha-1 was considered as main plots and three nitrogen splitting in basal, beginning of tillering, stem elongation and booting stages was chosen as sub plot.The results demonstrated that with increase of nitrogen application an amount of cumulative energy demand, cumulative energy demand, acidification, eutrophiction and malodorous air were decreased. The average amount of ecological footprint was 1125.87 m2 per year which CO2 emissions had shown the highest effect on the ecological footprint. The average amount of global warming potential (GWP) was 20a and GWP 500a were 400.53 and 384.30 kg CO2 eq, respectively. All pollutants released into the air and the water experienced a decreasing trend with increasing nitrogen rate. By group comparing between different levels of nitrogen at splitting levels, it can be stated that the main cause of variations in the amount of pollutants was the higher output (yield) compared to inputs. Indeed, nitrogen application in four developmental stages has resulted in maximum plant use, resulting in increased yield and emission reduction per unit area. Therefore, reducing the emission of pollutants by increasing nitrogen consumption can be due to yield increasing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Phenomenology of cultural barriers to development in Zanjan
Leila Naderloo Robabeh Pourjabali Mahbooe BabaeiThe main purpose of this research is to study, understand and conceptualize the concept of development culture and barriers to development in Zanjan, which in terms of the purpose of applied research and in terms of method, qualitative research with a phenomenological a MoreThe main purpose of this research is to study, understand and conceptualize the concept of development culture and barriers to development in Zanjan, which in terms of the purpose of applied research and in terms of method, qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. The average duration of each interview was 30 to 60 minutes. Klaizi analysis method was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the spread of globalization and the advancement of technology and the culture of misuse of development tools such as the Internet, satellite, cyberspace, etc., has shaken the foundation of families, tendency to individualism and negative utilitarianism, as well as the opposition between tradition and modernity, extreme prejudice. Severe prejudice, from alienation and consumerism, the occurrence of cultural changes to cultural development, Lack of social demands, lack of attention to legalism and correct social behavior, failure to realize social, cultural, symbolic, human, economic, political and ... Capital renaissance , Other cultural barriers to development were developed from the results of the study.the Conflict of interest Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Iranian culture and civilization and globalization; opportunities and challenges
Mohammad Yousefi Joybari Nejat MohhamadifarGlobalization is a process in which different technical, political, cultural and economic parts of different nations changed to be transnational with the development of connections through which national governments increasingly linked to each other. This dependence and MoreGlobalization is a process in which different technical, political, cultural and economic parts of different nations changed to be transnational with the development of connections through which national governments increasingly linked to each other. This dependence and connections cause problems for national sovereignty and national government. This concept didn't have scientific validity until the early 1980's, but since then its application has been global. Globalization creates many opportunities and challenges, and Iran due to its geographical and historical features which put it in the cultural crossroad of the world, has had wide connection with different nations. This is mainly influenced by the strategic location of Iran that western countries were always trying to exploit it to achieve their own goals and interests. These connections in recent century, especially in the late Qajar were taken a new form of colonization and it continued with many ups and downs during the Pahlavi regime. With the Islamic revolution, the connection of Iran with the world was taken a new form, which sometimes has been influenced by the revolutionary atmosphere and specific circumstances. With the ending of the imposed war, there were more opportunities for Iran to increase its connection with the world. This process has had different aspects of cultural, political, economic and etc., among them cultural aspect has been the most important. Because of its long history of civilization and culture, Iran has a huge potential to influence the global trends. Cultural aspects of Iranian civilization, has always had a significant manifestations in the world which indicates the Iranian high cultural capacity to retain itself and even influence on other cultures. The problem now seems to be considered by cultural authorities, is the offering of national culture symbols in a way, understandable and appealing to today's generation and avoidance of any dogmatism and intolerance in cultural affairs. This paper describes the cultural views about globalization and investigates the position of Iranian culture and its role in the process of globalization and also, challenges and opportunities facing it. Some guidelines and recommendations for dealing with the challenges and using the opportunities are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - The globalization of communications and evolution in the concept of diplomacy
Mohammad Youssef Jouybari Nasser Khorshidi Hussein i Shah MoradThe goal of this paper is to survey globalization and diplomacy and also analyzing the impact governments have been received from globalization phenomena in diplomacy and foreign affairs areas. Therefore, the question that can be raised is: What is the influence of glob MoreThe goal of this paper is to survey globalization and diplomacy and also analyzing the impact governments have been received from globalization phenomena in diplomacy and foreign affairs areas. Therefore, the question that can be raised is: What is the influence of globalization on foreign policy and diplomacy of countries? The hypothesis of the study is that, globalization by discrediting the place and time and also the extension of communication technologies are caused the countries to use soft power in foreign affairs that is manifested in their cultural diplomacy. The research method is descriptive-analytical and consists the period of post-cold war. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Identifying Associated Factors with Trends of Globalization of culture among Students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz
Khosro Akbari Hussein Mirzaei tavakkol aghayariPresent Study has been accomplished in order to identify associated factors with the trend of globalization of culture among students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. The key question is that, what are the Factors influencing Students’ trends toward cultural MorePresent Study has been accomplished in order to identify associated factors with the trend of globalization of culture among students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. The key question is that, what are the Factors influencing Students’ trends toward cultural globalization? This research is a survey and the population is all students of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz and the sample is 377 students determined by Cochran formula and stratified sampling method. Measuring instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. The data was analyzed using the SPSS 21 software and t-test, ANOVA and One-way Pearson methods are used to examine the relationship between variables. The results show that there is a relationship between national identity, social trust and ethnic identity with cultural globalization. The findings of this study confirm the theoretical perspective of sociologists such as Giddens, Robertson, Putnam and Weber. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - A Sociological Study of the impact of globalization on the decrease of language diversity
Narmineh MoeinianOne of the main issues that threaten the life of languages is economic,social and political processes that fits in globalization concept. Today,there are 5000 to 7000 languages all over the world, but the linguistspredict that 90% of these languages will extinct and be MoreOne of the main issues that threaten the life of languages is economic,social and political processes that fits in globalization concept. Today,there are 5000 to 7000 languages all over the world, but the linguistspredict that 90% of these languages will extinct and be forgotten in the nextcentury. Besides some positive features of globalization, there are somenegative aspects such as increasing rates of poverty and inequality andreducing rate of cultural and linguistic diversity. Using the documentarymethod and collecting data, the aim of this study is to assess this point that,what is the globalization? What are its aspects? How does it lead to the lossof local languages and finally extinction of linguistic diversity? Theseviews can be analyzed in the light of global culture and imperialism. Thesetheories refer to this point that in the globalization of production and theeconomy, meanings, concepts, fashion and values will be sent to localcommunities along with goods. Therefore, the local people prefer theuniversal English language to their local language and teach it to theirchildren because they do want to reach the civilization level. This will leadto weakness and eventually the death of the local language. Now, the criticsof globalization and the linguists like Sachs believe that, assimilation isgoing to be replaced with understanding the diversity of culture andlanguage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - The Study of Global, National, Ethnic and Religious Identity Dimensions of High-school Students and their Related Factors.
Samad Sabbagh Samad SabbaghThe main aim of the present study is to examine the global, national, ethnic and religions identity dimensions of high-school students and their related factors, so the main question is ''which of the identities (Global, national, ethnic, or religions) does the student MoreThe main aim of the present study is to examine the global, national, ethnic and religions identity dimensions of high-school students and their related factors, so the main question is ''which of the identities (Global, national, ethnic, or religions) does the student initially introduce himself with and feel committed to? And what factors are related to that identity?" The independent research variables are: relations network range, level of awareness, self-concept, reference group, team work, satisfaction with life, feeling of discrimination and injustice, the students, economic-social status and gender. The relationship of these factors with the identity dimensions or the dominant identity as the dependent variable has been measured. The research is a survey, and the statistical population includes all the high-school grade two boy and girl students of Tabriz. The sample size, 385, was obtained using Cochran's formula and stratified sampling technique. The research device was a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was measured by face validity and structural validity, and the reliability was confirmed by cronbach, s Alpha. The data were analyzed using Spss software, version 17, and one-way ANOVA test, LSD test, X2 test. In order to determine the intensity of the relation between the variables, Cramer's V test and Q coefficient test were used. The results indicate that the dominant identity among the students is the religious identity, and the national, global and ethnic identities fall behind, respectively. Among the variables under study relations network range, reference group, team work, satisfaction with life, feeling of discrimination and gender showed a significant relationship with the dependent variable. However, the two other variables (economical-social status and self-concept didn't show any relationship with identity dimensions. The theoretical findings of the present study confirm the view concerning the interaction at the level of intellect and the views of sociologists such as at a medium level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Sociological look at the death of languages
Narmineh MoeinianLanguages have been born, flourished, lived, and disappeared. But nowadays they are dying with unprecedented speed. Every year 10 languages are disappeared all around the world and linguists predicted that if this situation continues, 90% of languages will be disa MoreLanguages have been born, flourished, lived, and disappeared. But nowadays they are dying with unprecedented speed. Every year 10 languages are disappeared all around the world and linguists predicted that if this situation continues, 90% of languages will be disappeared. Since cultures depend on languages, flourish with languages and continue with them, so each culture will be disappeared with death of each language, too. On the other hand, each language prepares social, economic, and ecological situation for its speakers and also provides them a special worldview. Therefore, death of language implies death of all the necessary opportunities for social and cultural life. In this article it is tried to study the death of language as cultural problem and its reasons. The methodology is documentary and the thoughts and theories of linguistics and researchers of anthropology and sociology are used and also, the recent century changes (about death of languages) in the whole countries that faced with this problem have been considered. The result shows that different psychological, geographical, economical, political, and social factors affect the death of languages. These factors include some micro reasons such as preserving the mother tongue and some macro reasons such as decreasing number of native speakers, natural phenomenon, globalization, colonialism, and role of national states. So solving this problem needs attempts and changes in both macro and micro levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Struggle between tradition and modernity in order to build and construct the collective identity of youth in pseudo modern societies (Sociological explanation of the relationship between cultural capital and dimensions of collective identity on the base of ethnicity)
Jamal Mohammadi Kamal Khalegpanah Fardin MohammadiSocial scientists believe that identity is a social-historical issue and at different times different forces involved in making it. In traditional societies, for example, a series of factors such as religion, family and nationality arethe most important that influence i MoreSocial scientists believe that identity is a social-historical issue and at different times different forces involved in making it. In traditional societies, for example, a series of factors such as religion, family and nationality arethe most important that influence individual identity but in societies that have experienced modernity, factors make individuals' identity which are self-achievement such as cultural capital. So today, cultural capital has a great influence on the formation of collective identities. This research is an attempt to explain the relationship between students' cultural capital and the formation of their collective identity.In line with this goal, theoretical framework of the research was developed by the combination of the ideas of Castells, Giddens and Thompson. The population of the study consisted of the KurdistanUniversity students in the academic year 89-90, that using Cochran formula and relative sampling method 300 of whom were chosen. The results show that there is a meaningful relationship between social capital and dimensions of collective identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Globalization of information and communication technology and consumption culture strategies (Iran)
Iraj Mahmodi Hadi Aghaee Attaollah JafariThe world in which we live is changing every day. Globalization of information and communication technology, fast transferring of experiences and achievements, dissemination of particular consumption culture and also, the examination of various aspects of this globaliza MoreThe world in which we live is changing every day. Globalization of information and communication technology, fast transferring of experiences and achievements, dissemination of particular consumption culture and also, the examination of various aspects of this globalization such as software (content), media consumption, information society, and particularly consumption patterns reformation are very important. The emphasis of these communities on the potential of ICTs to accelerate the economic development and to improve people's lives is significant. This process causes to eliminate the time, space and to control the costs by making things electronic and data transfer fast. This rapid growth requires organizing and culturizing due to the growing needs and for better optimization offering solutions is essential. Resource mobilization, speed, accuracy, and comprehensive review are the necessities facing the experts and social scientists. So this paper describes the features of globalization with exploratory approach and examines a dimension of globalization by interviewing (Delphi) the social experts, which benefiting the social experts' views the strategies and approaches for better management of these technologies are to be determined. With open coding on interviews of 10 professors, key components of assumptions were presented.The results were presented in the form of strategies that all hypotheses were confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Ethnic Inequality and National Security
Mohammad Youssefi Joybari Yasser Seydi Mohammadi Alireza FattahiEthnicity and nationalism have always been important components of social and political studies which originate from racial differences. Inequality and ethnic diversity is not a threat in itself and if it is considered as a normal thing in a society and also is a corn s MoreEthnicity and nationalism have always been important components of social and political studies which originate from racial differences. Inequality and ethnic diversity is not a threat in itself and if it is considered as a normal thing in a society and also is a corn stone of it, can provide opportunities for social prosperity. National security and political participation and its relationship to ethnic communities are very important. The more the sense of 'self' in ethnic communities the more their political participation and national security will be and vice versa. The process of globalization and the spread of communication transform and complicate the situation and it also has great influence on ethnic feelings and national security of societies. This paper seeks to answer the key question of “what is the role of ethnic inequalities in national security?”. The hypothesis is that, the ethnic inequalities reduce the national security and political participation. Also, social participation of ethnic groups will increase their political understanding, accountability and strengthen their commitment to the government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Globalization and social capital (Case study: citizens of Tehran over 20 years old)
Norouz Hashem Zehi Ensieh AsghariGlobalization and social capital in Iran are relatively new and lessresearch is done in comparison with other social realities. The purpose ofthis study is to assess the impact of the globalization of life on the socialstatus of Tehran's citizens. This research uses sur MoreGlobalization and social capital in Iran are relatively new and lessresearch is done in comparison with other social realities. The purpose ofthis study is to assess the impact of the globalization of life on the socialstatus of Tehran's citizens. This research uses survey method andquestionnaire and cluster sampling method among sample size of 300citizens in one, seven and seventeen metropolitan areas of Tehran. Theresults show that, the amount of social capital and the globalization of thelives of Tehran citizens are in the average. For Simmel, Giddens, andFukuyama, the globalization of life tends to diminish social trust, but thishypothesis was not confirmed in this study and it shows a rise inconfidence as global confidence increases. Putnam and Coleman believethat, social cooperation decrease with globalization of life, but existingdata show that, the globalization of social cooperation of Tehran citizensincrease. Thus, there is a positive and direct correlation betweencooperation and social trust with the globalization of life. According tothe results of regression analysis, the causal relationship betweenglobalization and social capital is weak. Analysis of the path shows that,globalization of cultural life has a direct impact on social capital. But theglobalization of economic and political life has a significant indirectimpact on social capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - The study of the relationship between national identity and media use among students.
Majid ZoroufiThe identity is considered as the soul and directions of components of thesociety. Results of some studies indicate that there are serious challenges innational identity in one hundred years. Also today, the relationship between themedia and the national identity is con MoreThe identity is considered as the soul and directions of components of thesociety. Results of some studies indicate that there are serious challenges innational identity in one hundred years. Also today, the relationship between themedia and the national identity is considered by scholars and thinkers. Theresearch method is measurement and correlation and a questionnaire with Alfacoefficient of 0.82 was used to collect data. The sample population is allstudents on 90-91 educational year. Five hundred students were selected bystratified sampling. Data analysis is conducted by descriptive statistics whichincludes: frequency tables, mean, variance and testing hypotheses, r Pearson,the mean difference test and variance. The results show that there is ameaningful relationship between the using of media and national identity. Theuse of media increase national identity and the use of mobile and internetdecrease it. National identity does not show meaningful differences based onresidency and educational fields and also they are identical between male andfemale students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Globalization and Nation-State Relations in Egypt
Mohammad Hossein HafezianPresent study aims at providing an answer to the fundamental question of whether in the past decades globalization process have had any impact on the relation between government and society in Egypt and if the answer to the question is positive then What the effect of t MorePresent study aims at providing an answer to the fundamental question of whether in the past decades globalization process have had any impact on the relation between government and society in Egypt and if the answer to the question is positive then What the effect of the impact were and if the answer is negative, why, in contrast with other countries, globalization process in Egypt could not have any effect on this relation. The hypothesis proposed is that due to the sever resistance of government and political elites in Egypt to any type of democratization and privatization and dominance of market economy, globalization have had a minor effects on the relation between the government and society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Globalization and the Process of Generalism and Particularism in the Political Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Seyyed Javad Emamjomehzade Seyyed Saeed MoosaviThe present study attempts to deal with the developments originated from the process of globalization in the domains related to culture and political culture in the Islamic Republic of Iran and also to indicate how this process led to generalism and particularism in the MoreThe present study attempts to deal with the developments originated from the process of globalization in the domains related to culture and political culture in the Islamic Republic of Iran and also to indicate how this process led to generalism and particularism in the political culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran. According to the findings of this study the process of globalization towards the cultural issues resulted in the global and general orientation; however, considering the religious interpretations and patterns in the Islamic republic of Iran a particular orientation has come into existence in the domain of political culture. Consequently a distinct particularism (for example religious democracy, Islamic human rights and Islamic civil society) has been formed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - به دنبال توانمندی ارتباطی بین فرهنگی در فضای انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی: بررسی ادراکات معلمان انگلیسی ایران
موسی رضا بنفشه محدثه خسروی Mavadat Saidiبه دنبال دانش ارتباطی بین فرهنگی در بافت انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی: بررسی ادراکات معلمان زبان ایرانی جهانی شدن باعث افزایش ارتباط میان افرادی با پیش زمینه های زبانی و فرهنگی بسیار شده است (بایرم، 2008) و در نتیجه اخیرا، نقش مهم فرهنگ در آموزش زبان خا Moreبه دنبال دانش ارتباطی بین فرهنگی در بافت انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی: بررسی ادراکات معلمان زبان ایرانی جهانی شدن باعث افزایش ارتباط میان افرادی با پیش زمینه های زبانی و فرهنگی بسیار شده است (بایرم، 2008) و در نتیجه اخیرا، نقش مهم فرهنگ در آموزش زبان خارجی پررنگ تر از پیش شده است (فیپز و گنزالز، 2004). در نتیجه، دانش ارتباطی بین فرهنگی به عنوان رکنی مهم در یادگیری و آموزش زبان مطرح شده است (بایرم و زاراته، 1997). البته، این دانش به عنوان نتیجه ی ضمنی خودبخود آموزش زبان خارجی تلقی می شود (میر، 1991) و به نظر می رسد معلمان نقشی مهم در آموزش بین فرهنگی دارند که این نقش در محیطهای انگلیسی به عنوان زبان خارجی حائز اهمیت بیشتری است (هن و سانگ، 2011). مطالعه ی حاضر در تلاش است ادراکات معلمان زبان ایرانی را در مورد توانمندی ارتباطی بین فرهنگی در حال حاضر بررسی نماید. همچنین در تلاش است به این مسئله بپردازد که آیا تجربه ی معلمان می تواند بر ادراک آنها از این توانمندی تاثیر گذارد. بدین منظور، از 100 معلم زبان خواسته شد تا پرسشنامه ی مربوطه برگرفته از مطالعه ی هن و سانگ (2011) را تکمیل نمایند. نتایج بررسی های کمی و کیفی حاکی از آن بود که شباهتها و تفاوتهایی میان ادراکات معلمان در مورد دانش ارتباطی بین فرهنگی و ارتباط آن با تجربه ی معلمان وجود دارد. نتایج به اهمیت آموزش بین فرهنگی معلمان در فضای زبان آموزی ایران اشاره دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - The effect of globalization phenomenon components on social study curriculum in guidance school
Zohre Saadatmand Samira TighbakhshThe main objective of the study was content analysis of social study curriculum in guidance school based on the globalization phenomenon components. The components included citizenship, multicultural, peace, enviromental and health education. So the guidance social stud MoreThe main objective of the study was content analysis of social study curriculum in guidance school based on the globalization phenomenon components. The components included citizenship, multicultural, peace, enviromental and health education. So the guidance social study text-books were examined to determine how well the globalization phonemenon components are dealt with and implemented. Shannon entropy and qualitative analysis were used. The unit of analysis included the text, questions, exercises and pictures existing in 232 pages of guidance social text books. The statistical population were three guidance social study text books. The results showed that all four components namely, citizenship (0.227), multicultural (0.205), peace (0.205), and health (0.226), were considered almost in equal proportion, but enviromental component was dealt with less in proportion (0.135). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - An Analytical Study the Effect of Globalization on Labor Market
Sahand Daneshvar Somayyeh LayazaliAmong the four economy markets, the labor market plays a pivotal role in establishing relations between supply and demand as well as in balancing the mass economic variables like employment. The socio-economic consequences of the balance in labor market are of great imp MoreAmong the four economy markets, the labor market plays a pivotal role in establishing relations between supply and demand as well as in balancing the mass economic variables like employment. The socio-economic consequences of the balance in labor market are of great importance for economists and policy makers. A direct consequence of such balance is the prevention of costs waste resulting from unemployment. Employment is a significant parameter in economic development, income distribution, and human self-esteem. On the contrary, unemployment causes a number of abnormalities with a wide range of economic, social and political aftermaths. Governments also consider unemployment as an important economic phenomenon and try to find solutions for this problem. It is observed that all countries, whether developed or developing, come across unemployment. The population structure of Asian countries and a great number of labor forces and lack of proper facilities have made unemployment the most important socio-economic problem. Globalization tends to influence the labor market structure, and (un)employment. As the developing countries play roles in labor market, they should be considered as an effective variable in the labor market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Investigating the effect of management information system on global organization class with the role of organizational productivity mediator (Case study: Golrang Holding)
Abutaleb Varkani motalebi Ehsan Taghipour Abutaleb Varkani motalebiNowdays, business because of changing the previous economic pattern to global producer pattern, requires different performance preparations. Information technology and its use have produced changes in all sections of organizations. Organizational productivity is one of MoreNowdays, business because of changing the previous economic pattern to global producer pattern, requires different performance preparations. Information technology and its use have produced changes in all sections of organizations. Organizational productivity is one of the Important and key factors in assessing the amount of useful data in industrial productions. In this paper the use of management information system on essential Factors of production organization and the mediator role of organizational productivity among the productive companies have been studied. The research method was descriptive correlation and the sampling method was stratified random one, with 127 managers in Golrang Holding.To analyse the data, trivariate regression was used through increasing organizational productivity was effective in getting the global production class and ranking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - The Effect of Globalization on Total Factor Productivity (Case Study: Iran and selected countries of Islamic Conference Organization)
Seyedali Payetakhti oskoye Laleh Tabagchi akbareToday, globalization has created new opportunities and challenges for various countries through economic liberalization, foreign investment, capital flow, information exchange, and technological change.In this paper, the impact of globalization on the total productivity MoreToday, globalization has created new opportunities and challenges for various countries through economic liberalization, foreign investment, capital flow, information exchange, and technological change.In this paper, the impact of globalization on the total productivity of factors of production has been studied for the selected 16 countries of OIC during the period 1990 to 2011. In order to estimate the effects of variables, panel cointegration technique with Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method has been employed. Empirical results show that globalization and professional labour have a positive effect on the total productivity of factors of production. However, the influence of inflation and world financial crisis is negative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Optimizing Management Method for Programming Numerically Controlled Mashine Tools
Mohammad Ali Rhbare AsrThis paper presents an algorithmic approach to solve the problem of excessive travel in C.N.C. machine tools by introducing an efficient management method to compute the shortest path between the given sets of points (origin and destination) in R2 (x, y) plane. When a w MoreThis paper presents an algorithmic approach to solve the problem of excessive travel in C.N.C. machine tools by introducing an efficient management method to compute the shortest path between the given sets of points (origin and destination) in R2 (x, y) plane. When a work piece is located (as an obstacle) between sets of points, it is proved that the optimum path between these points would be formed by sequences of connected straight line segments whose intermediate end points are vertices of an appropriate polygonal (closed control barrier). The case of one origin, one destination, and a set of barriers is considered in this research. This method is computationally efficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - An Analytical Study the Effect of Globalization on Labor Market
Hossein Mirzaeih Habib AghajaniAmong the four economy markets, the labor market plays a pivotal role in establishing relations between supply and demand as well as in balancing the mass economic variables like employment. The socio-economic consequences of the balance in labor market are of great imp MoreAmong the four economy markets, the labor market plays a pivotal role in establishing relations between supply and demand as well as in balancing the mass economic variables like employment. The socio-economic consequences of the balance in labor market are of great importance for economists and policy makers. A direct consequence of such balance is the prevention of costs waste resulting from unemployment. Employment is a significant parameter in economic development, income distribution, and human self-esteem. On the contrary, unemployment causes a number of abnormalities with a wide range of economic, social and political aftermaths. Governments also consider unemployment as an important economic phenomenon and try to find solutions for this problem. It is observed that all countries, whether developed or developing, come across unemployment. The population structure of Asian countries and a great number of labor forces and lack of proper facilities have made unemployment the most important socio-economic problem. Globalization tends to influence the labor market structure, and (un)employment. As the developing countries play roles in labor market, they should be considered as an effective variable in the labor market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - نقش جهانی شدن ارتباطات (اینترنت و ماهواره )بر نحوه گذران اوقات فراغت زنان جوان (مورد مطالعه: زنان جوان استان مازندران؛1395 )
ماجده قلی پور محمدصادق مهدوی باقر ساروخانیامروزه مسأله­ای به نام جهانی­شدن و استفاده از فناوری اطلاعات، شکل گذراندن اوقات فراغت را متفاوت کرده است. بیشتر مردم و از جمله زنان ترجیح می دهند اوقات فراغت خود را با تکنولوژی مرتبط با فناوری نو پر کنند. بنابراین بیشتر زمان فراغت خود را با دیدن برنامه های ماهوا Moreامروزه مسأله­ای به نام جهانی­شدن و استفاده از فناوری اطلاعات، شکل گذراندن اوقات فراغت را متفاوت کرده است. بیشتر مردم و از جمله زنان ترجیح می دهند اوقات فراغت خود را با تکنولوژی مرتبط با فناوری نو پر کنند. بنابراین بیشتر زمان فراغت خود را با دیدن برنامه های ماهواره­ای و استفاده از اینترنت می­گذرانند. این تحقیق بهمنظور بررسی جامعه شناختی جهانی شدن ارتباطات(اینترنت و ماهواره ) بر نحوه گذران اوقات فراغت زنان جوان، صورت گرفته است. جامعه آماری کلیه زنان جوان شهرستان چالوس واقع در استان مازنداران میباشد که طبق فرمول کوکران 374 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماری تعیین شدند. در مبانی نظری از نظریههای مرتبط با این حوزه استفاده شده و در پایان مدل نظری تحقیق، طراحی گردیده است. این تحقیق با استفاده از مطالعات میدانی و روش پیمایشی انجام گرفته است. ابزار گردآوری داده­ها پرسشنامه محقق ساخته و بعد از برآورد اعتبار و پایایی در بین پاسخگویان توزیع گردید. پس از گردآوری دادهها، براساس آمارهای استنباطی و با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS ، دادهها مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرارگرفتهاند. نتیجه حاصل شده نشان می­دهد که بین استفاده از اینترنت و اوقات فراغت فعال، بین استفاده از اینترنت و اوقات فراغت غیرفعال، بین استفاده از ماهواره و اوقات فراغت غیرفعال، بین استفاده از اینترنت و اوقات فراغت سنتی، بین استفاده از ماهواره و اوقات فراغت سنتی، رابطه معکوس و بین استفاده از اینترنت و اوقات فراغت سنتی- مدرن، بین استفاده از ماهواره و اوقات فراغت سنتی- مدرن، رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین بین استفاده از ماهواره و اوقات فراغت فعال، رابطه وجود ندارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - جهانی شدن؛ تعامل هویت محلی و نگرشهای فرهنگی (مطالعه موردی: جوانان دانشگاهی یزد)
اعظم مقیمی مجید امینیبررسی فرآیند جهانیشدن در دنیای معاصر و تأثیرات آن بر فرهنگها یا هویتهای ملّی و محلّی از جمله مسائل اصلی در مطالعات فرهنگی است. با توجه به اینکه جوانان بیش از هر گروه دیگری آماج تأثیرات فرآیند جهانیشدن در هر جامعهای قرار میگیرند، لذا در این پژوهش با بهرهگیری از نظ Moreبررسی فرآیند جهانیشدن در دنیای معاصر و تأثیرات آن بر فرهنگها یا هویتهای ملّی و محلّی از جمله مسائل اصلی در مطالعات فرهنگی است. با توجه به اینکه جوانان بیش از هر گروه دیگری آماج تأثیرات فرآیند جهانیشدن در هر جامعهای قرار میگیرند، لذا در این پژوهش با بهرهگیری از نظریههای رابرتسون و هال به بررسی رابطهی بین نگرشهای فرهنگی متأثّر از جهانیشدن و هویت محلّی جوانان دانشگاهی یزدی پرداخته شد. از حیث روششناختی، این پژوهش پیمایشی و کاربردی به شمار میآید. جامعهی آماری شامل جوانان دانشگاهی 18 تا 30 ساله و حجم نمونه 400 نفر از میان دانشجویان بومی شهر یزد برآورد گردیده که به صورت روش نمونهگیری طبقهای متناسب انتخاب شدهاند. گردآوری دادهها با ابزار پرسشنامه انجام گرفته و در استخراج دادهها از نرمافزار SPPS برای تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از آزمون همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون خطّی چند متغیّره به روش گامبهگام استفاده شده است. یافتههای تحقیق نشان میدهند که: مصرف رسانهای و دینداری دو متغیّر مهم در تبیین احساس هویت محلی و نگرشهای فرهنگی متاثر از جهانی شدن پاسخگویان هستند، استفاده از رسانههای خارجی تأثیر تقویتکننده بر نگرشهای فرهنگی متأثّر از جهانیشدن دارد، در حالی که استفاده از رسانههای سراسری داخلی دارای تأثیر تضعیفکننده بر آن است. همچنین استفاده از رسانههای محلّی و سپس دینداری تأثیر تقویتکننده بر هویت محلّی یزدی دارند، حال آنکه استفاده از رسانههای خارجی تأثیر تضعیفکننده بر این متغیّر دارد. سرانجام این که نگرشهای فرهنگی متأثر از جهانی شدن رابطه معناداری در جهت معکوس با هویت محلی دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - The Sociological Impact of Cultural Globalization on National Identity with Emphasis on Mass Media (Case Study: Pre-University Students in Babol)
Shafieh Moazzanpour Seyyed Yaghoub Mousavi Amir Masoud Amirmazaheri -
Open Access Article
207 - تاثیر جهانی شدن بر تغییر ارزش های اخلاقی در میان جوانان
طیبه وخشوزی باقر ساروخانی Hassan Saraie -
Open Access Article
208 - The Globalization, space and changes of expenditure culture with an emphasis on Land uses changes (Case study: Sa'aadat Abaad district, region 2 of Tehran)
Jila Sajadi Parviz Aghaei Kobra MoradiThe changes of expenditure pattern have caused change of land application (from the traditional form to the modern form) and many problems. Consequently this study has been conducted in Sa'aadat Abaad quarter in district 2 of Tehran city hall in order to investigate eff MoreThe changes of expenditure pattern have caused change of land application (from the traditional form to the modern form) and many problems. Consequently this study has been conducted in Sa'aadat Abaad quarter in district 2 of Tehran city hall in order to investigate effective factors in the changes of expenditure pattern. The volume of statistical community is 30 thousand people among whom 380 improbable sample have been chosen by Cochran formula. The study is conducted by descriptive-analytic research method and has a practical-applicable goal. The data and information have been gathered in both ways of desk study and field study. Data analyses have been done by inferential test, Pearson and Regression inferential, in addition to quantitative and descriptive subjects. The research results indicate that the first prior application ( retailers, bakeries, supermarkets, and ...) have owned the least share of 9.16 % in 1393 while the fourth prior application and unnecessary applications ( pizza places, coffee shops,...) have enhanced their share by 48% from 1385 and the previous years. The globalization variables have affected the expenditure pattern as the highest correlation index of traveling abroad and using new applications of 0,527 can be observed. It means that as much as the globalization penetrates the society's culture, their expenditure pattern will change. In addition to the globalization variables, aging, education, economical condition of the residents and the income enhancement of these applications are also effective which will pave the way for using modern applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Impact of Globalization and Economic Sanctions on Human Capital in Iran
Seyedeh Safia Hosseini Yazdi Mostafa Emadzadeh Saeed Daei Karimzadeh -
Open Access Article
210 - Assessment of the Vegetation Dryness Index Based on Satellite Imagery in Sistan & Balouchestan province
kamal omidvar Masoumeh NabaviZadeh Hamid Reza Ghafarian malmiri Ahmad MazidiDecreasing of precipitation and Increasing of temperature, leads to extreme climate events such as drought which drastically impact on agricultural. Knowledge about the timing, severity and extent of drought can aid planning and decision-making. Drought indices derived MoreDecreasing of precipitation and Increasing of temperature, leads to extreme climate events such as drought which drastically impact on agricultural. Knowledge about the timing, severity and extent of drought can aid planning and decision-making. Drought indices derived from in-situ meteorological data have coarse spatial and temporal resolutions. Thus, obtaining a real-time drought condition over a large area is difficult. Therefore, drought indices which is derived from remote-sensing data, has been widely used for drought monitoring..In this study, Vegetation Drought Index (VDI) was evaluated in Sistan & Balouchestan Province To do this, Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MODIS (MOD02HKM and MOD11A1 ), Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and monthly precipitation data GLDAS from 2000 to 2018 were utilized to evaluate VDI.Accuracy of the Drought spatial distribution maps based on Pearson correlation coefficient was used data. Results indicate high significant correlation rate in the study area. Thus VDI, has the potential to monitor agricultural drought in the case of study and the drought indices based on remote sensing data could well use in drought early warning systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Analysis of Temperature Trends Isfahan City and its Surroundings
Khadijeh Salehi Amir GandomkarIn recent years, land use changes in Isfahan city and its surroundings have been increasing, and these changes have been caused by factors such as population growth, economic interests, and changes in society's needs. The current research was conducted with the aim of i MoreIn recent years, land use changes in Isfahan city and its surroundings have been increasing, and these changes have been caused by factors such as population growth, economic interests, and changes in society's needs. The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the temperature changes of Isfahan city and its surroundings in a forty-year period (1979-2018). The current research is based on the purpose of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical according to the subject of the research and its nature, and to investigate the temperature changes affected by the changes in land use and urban development of Isfahan city, temperature data from The city of Isfahan and the area of 50 kilometers around the city of Isfahan have been collected from the database of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). To verify the accuracy, the data of meteorological stations of Isfahan, Isfahan Airport and Najaf-Abad have been compared and evaluated. became. The results of the research show that in this 40-year period, we have seen a significant increase in the average annual temperature from 0.06 degrees in the eastern area of Isfahan city to 0.11 degrees in the western area. This means that the average temperature of Isfahan city and its surrounding areas has increased between 2.5 degrees and 4 degrees during a period of 40 years. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Predicting maximum temperatures using global climate models under RCP scenarios and microscaling LARS-WG and SDSM models in the west of the country
Mohmmad Lotfi Gholam Ali Kamali Amirhosin Meshkati Vahid VarshavyanRising global warming is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Therefore, it is very important to predict the maximum temperatures in order to know the amount of changes and, as a result, to take the necessary measures to adapt and moderate MoreRising global warming is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Therefore, it is very important to predict the maximum temperatures in order to know the amount of changes and, as a result, to take the necessary measures to adapt and moderate the adverse effects caused by it. Therefore, in this study, maximum temperatures were predicted in three provinces of Kurdistan, Kermanshah and Ilam in the west of the country. For this purpose, the data of two global models HadGEM2 and CanESM2 were used under three scenarios: RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, as well as two microscale models of LARS-WG and SDSM, and changes in maximum temperatures on a monthly and annual basis in the future 2050-2021) compared to the base period (2018-1989) were examined in 17 meteorological stations. MAE, MSE, RMSE and R2 indices were used to calibrate and validate SDSM and LARS-WG models. The results showed that both models have a high ability to simulate the maximum temperatures of the study area. However, the SDSM model is more accurate than the LARS-WG model, with the lowest and highest accuracy for Bijar and Tazehabad stations with RMSE of 0.02 and 0.18, respectively. The results of maximum temperature forecasting also showed that according to both models, the maximum temperature in the future period will increase compared to the base period, which is the average of the studied models between 0.8 to 1.9 degrees Celsius in the region. Will be studied. The highest rate is estimated based on the RCP8.5 scenario. Spatially, the most changes are related to the northern and eastern areas of the study area and the least changes are related to the western areas of the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - The Effects of Development of Quasi-Global Cities in Iran's Northern Coasts and its role in the development of the northern region of country's Northern using the hybrid model (SWOT_AHP)
abdollah pouraghaei Abbas Malek Hoseini عبدالرضا فرجی رادNowadays regional development is effected by cities’ globalization process and this phenomenon effects on societies’ various dimensions and structures in various scales and makes them face practical and substantial changes. nodoubt, developing and creating cities moving MoreNowadays regional development is effected by cities’ globalization process and this phenomenon effects on societies’ various dimensions and structures in various scales and makes them face practical and substantial changes. nodoubt, developing and creating cities moving toward globalization and improve urban, regional, national and universal functions along the way and could present its effects in country’s development structure. The khazar area has enormous geopolitics, economic, communicative and … potentials and meanwhile Iran’s relation with the word by free seas could play a doubtless role in political environment organizing, logistics of the land and symmetrical regional and national development and increases the development of Iran’s northern region. Present research tries to present a complete pattern of determining the effect created by semi-global cities in country’s northern coasts considering theory basis in cities’ globalization area and regional development which leads to an increase in Iran’s northern area development. Present research is based on a descriptive – analytic nature and practical-developmental goals. What’s more in order to present guidelines to create and develop semi-global cities in Khazar area (Iran’s northern coasts) we used Experts opinions and SWOT-AHP techniques. Findings indicated that regional development guidelines by creating semi-global cities and also guiding condition of northern coasts cities based on experts’ opinion and considering internal and external factors matrix, is of offensive type. Finally based on research findings, general guidelines of offensive type (SO) were presented to create and develop semi-global cities to develop northern area and increase Iran’s national power Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - The Geopolitics of Globalization and Its Impact on the Tehran Cosmopolis Economy Using the SWOT Model
shirko pasandi Bijan RahmaniCosmopolis as political-spatial phenomena affects the relations and political power of each other within the geopolitical framework of globalization at national, regional and international levels. This competitive environment is realized through the creation of a free m MoreCosmopolis as political-spatial phenomena affects the relations and political power of each other within the geopolitical framework of globalization at national, regional and international levels. This competitive environment is realized through the creation of a free market economy, the flow of capital and commodities, urban diplomacy, international relations, the sphere of influence of cosmopolis in the context of globalization, and thus creates a network of hierarchies of cosmopolis. In the course of these developments, two opposing poles with a different geopolitical atmosphere from the superior cities such as London, New York and Tokyo, and the black hole cosmopolis, i.e., Tehran, remain in isolation, despite its prevailing geopolitical position, and a major contributor to geopolitical processes which are not globalized. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship and the extent of Tehran's influence on globalization and its economic developments (eliminating deprivation and increasing social welfare) in the course of competitiveness, political and diplomatic relations with other cosmopolises. Theoretically the methodology of the research is historical and has a descriptive-analytical nature which is based on the analytical model of SWOT (three major geopolitical criteria of globalization, economic competitiveness and urban diplomacy factors), which after impact scoring as a positive factor for the development of more strengths of the weaknesses is its negative factor. The results show that globalization of the Middle East of some countries such as Istanbul, Abu Dhabi, Cairo, Dubai, and Riyadh, with the understanding of the geopolitical situation of globalization with other powerful cosmopolises (alpha, beta and gamma), are somehow better positioned in the hierarchy of cosmopolis than Tehran itself. In the end, proposals some suggestions have been stated to foster the political-economic relations of Tehran with the countries of the Middle East and Western countries thereby taking advantage of the geopolitics of globalization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Analyzing form and trend of spatial and physical development of Bojnord (Using quantitative methods)
Mohammad Reza Zamiri Mahin Nastaran Hamideh Mohammad Zade TitkanluDefinitely physical plans and chasing comprehensive development pattern in the development trend of cities has proven no successful and reliable results. Urban sprawl, wasting resources and increasing city management costs and urban services are some of these unpleasant MoreDefinitely physical plans and chasing comprehensive development pattern in the development trend of cities has proven no successful and reliable results. Urban sprawl, wasting resources and increasing city management costs and urban services are some of these unpleasant results. Therefore, it is necessary to study all aspects of city life. Spatial planning emphasizes distribution of population, activity and employment and land uses all over the city. Identifying form and trend of spatial development in cities beside the physical trend is a favorite topic for urban planners and managers. Introducing some quantitative indicators for evaluating compactness or sprawl in spatial development trends in cities is so important. Because there is not one definition for sprawl and without using some quantitative indicators, it’s impossible to evaluate and describe development of cities. For this purpose, global coefficient of Moran, coefficient of Geary and Shannon’s entropy have been used in this research. Results show that this coefficients and indicators can describe spatial development trend in cities and make evaluation of that trend quantitative and reliable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Cultural Motivation and Its Impact on Foreign Language Learning in Globalizing World
Shiva Azadipour -
Open Access Article
217 - The history of transmogrification in Multinational Corporations
aliasghar aghaee mohammad reza pasebanBy forming national state concept in the seventeenth century, this factor has always been the only mechanism responsible for the growth and development in various fields. Reaching this goal was followed in the field which Accumulation of wealth and power had a great adv MoreBy forming national state concept in the seventeenth century, this factor has always been the only mechanism responsible for the growth and development in various fields. Reaching this goal was followed in the field which Accumulation of wealth and power had a great advantage, so the governments tried to gain wealth by harnessing their powers. In this regard, the colonial government, by expanding the influence of colonialism, exploited their resources to improve their craft. Industrial countries first supported and established companies to provide field to achieve their goals in terms of resource utilization on other lands. After passing time, through the processes of capital and wealth accumulations, such countries like other parts of the world are developing and according to occurred events, have tried to maintain their mobility not to be out of the global competition. According to this fact , if at the Beginning of transnational corporations, competition and attempt to achieve sources and more market was the distinctive feature , but then due to innate of capital accumulation and occurred changes in the international arena , Such as the entry of new players who want to contribute to the global economic equations, provided the groundwork for the creation of a monopoly in the sector. There American countries due to being far from Course of historical events such as costly World War 1and 2 remained undamaged, prioritized in the integration of capital and multinational companies. The period after World War II, was associated with changes in the performance of multinational corporations, as America was excluded from the monopoly of multinational companies and international companies from Europe and Japan started to compete with American companies and provided The nature of globalization, development and growth of such companies. The present study aimed at reviewing Conceptual and functional evolution of multinational companies to understand more about the effects of these international starring. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Economic Welfare Analysis with an Emphasis on Aspects of Globalization
Ahmad Jafari Samimi Shahryar Zaroki Seyede Rogheieh Sadati AmiriAbstract The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of economic, social and political aspects of globalization on economic welfare in 50 selected countries from three income groups in the time between 2005 and 2015. For this purpose, economic welfare was MoreAbstract The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of economic, social and political aspects of globalization on economic welfare in 50 selected countries from three income groups in the time between 2005 and 2015. For this purpose, economic welfare was been calculated using the Index of Economic Well-Being (IEWB). The results in four frame with panel data method indicated that in high-income countries, economic and social aspect of globalization had significant positive effect on economic welfare while political globalization had no statistically significant effect. While, in the middle-income countries only economic aspect of globalization has significant positive effect on economic welfare. In low-income countries also, economic welfare is affect inversely from economic and political globalization and political globalization has not significant effect on welfare. In general, one can say that non-political aspects of globalization were been affected on economic welfare in the selected countries. Income per capita had a significant positive effect on economic welfare, but inflation had no significant effect on economic welfare. Based on the results an increase in the economic relations is recommend in high and middle-income countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - The Impacts of Regional and Global Integration on Foreign Direct Investment Inflow- Case Study of Persian Gulf Countries
seyed komeil Tayebi Batool Rafat Elham Nagheli Behrouz Sadeghi Amr abadiThe trade and investment relations have expanded substantially in globalization process among most developed and developing countries. The development has implemented in form of regional and global integrations affecting differently economies worldwide. The objective of MoreThe trade and investment relations have expanded substantially in globalization process among most developed and developing countries. The development has implemented in form of regional and global integrations affecting differently economies worldwide. The objective of this paper is to explore the effect of such integration on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in where countries where locate in the Persian Gulf, which are mostly oil producing. To this end, a panel econometric model has been specified and estimated using cross-section data of the selected countries in the region during 2001-2008. The empirical results indicate that regional trade integration leads the countries to increase FDI inflows, while they are faced with the inverse effects of discrepancies in culture and language on attracting FDI. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - A Novel GPS-Free Localization Algorithm for Ad-Hoc Network Nodes
Hamed Ahmadian Yazdi Mohammad Ali Pourmina Afrooz HaghbinIn this paper, we present the new positioning algorithm of ad-hoc network nodes based on the exchange of radio signals among nodes. The proposed algorithm is independent of GPS data. In conventional positioning methods, the location of nodes in a network is estimated in MoreIn this paper, we present the new positioning algorithm of ad-hoc network nodes based on the exchange of radio signals among nodes. The proposed algorithm is independent of GPS data. In conventional positioning methods, the location of nodes in a network is estimated in two steps. In the first step, each node calculates its local location and neighbors based on the Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) method. In the second step, the local location of the nodes transforms into a unique global location. In these methods, the location of the positioned nodes is used as a rotation reference for the next nodes though this calculated location is not accurate. Also, the Dijkstra method is not exact either and produces errors which transmitted to the next nodes. Therefore, the positioning error is very high in the final nodes positioned. In the proposed algorithm, using the optimal algorithm, the estimated locations in the conventional method use as initial estimates, and these errors reduce so that the whole network reaches a stable state. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can solve the error propagation problem compared to the MDS algorithm and achieved the appropriate accuracy and stability with the least increase of overhead and low computational complexity load by mobility of the existing nodes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Design and Fabrication of Novel Single- and Dual-band Bandpass Filters with Modern Zero-Degree Feed Structure for Wireless Communications
Mohammad Reza Zobeyri Ahmadreza EskandariIn this paper, there are three novel bandpass filters (BPFs), consist of single- and dual-band, presented in a same size, which all the filters, have been designed, optimized and finally fabricated and measured, based on a primary structure and using planar microstrip t MoreIn this paper, there are three novel bandpass filters (BPFs), consist of single- and dual-band, presented in a same size, which all the filters, have been designed, optimized and finally fabricated and measured, based on a primary structure and using planar microstrip technology. Each of the generated passbands, is resonated by the use of one of the two existing types of resonator structures. The larger resonators, as main-structures of the filter with a stepped-impedance features, by appling 0°-feed structure and electrical coupling in-between, create the first passband at 0.9 GHz. The smaller resonators as sub-structures, with dual-spiral topology, are in the same size and uniform-impedance, and with symmetrical feeding and internal coupling, are embedded in the main-structures to generate and control the higher passband at 1.8GHz. The existence of a cross-coupling between the sub-structures, suppresses any harmonics in the stop-band and generates additional transmission zeros on both sides of the upper passband. Overal dimensions of the innovative filters with a miniaturizing approach, are reduced from 0.163λg*0.09λg to 0.092λg*0.08λg in terms of the guided wavelength, which is the most compacted structure compared with other filters. According to 0.7 dB and 0.5 dB, the obtained insertion losses of the first and second passbands of the dual-band BPF respectively, the lowest losses have been achieved, compared with other examined dual-band BPFs. Finally three prototypes for global systems for mobile communication, were fabricated and measured. A good agreement between the measured and simulated results indicates realizing the goals and ingenious methods of this design. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Supportive Arrangements of Religious Tourists in the Global Documents
Ali reza keshtkar Masoud Raei Dehqi Manouchehr Tavassoli NaeiniReligious tourism is one of the most common types of tourism because nowadays most people in the world believe in one religion, and this has led to establishing religious tourism around the world; On the other hand, this type of tourism is more at risk than other ones w MoreReligious tourism is one of the most common types of tourism because nowadays most people in the world believe in one religion, and this has led to establishing religious tourism around the world; On the other hand, this type of tourism is more at risk than other ones which are due to the religious beliefs, so that sometimes the tourists’ properties and lives are endangered. Therefore, we seek to find out what supporting services for this type of tourist exist in the form of documents internationally. Can international laws and global documents help and support them if their rights as religious tourists are violated? Therefore, the purpose and motivation of this study were to study and recognize the practical documents of the world to deal with the violation of the rights of religious tourists so that they can be properly used by regional and international judicial and quasi-judicial authorities in the first place to prevent and later to realize the rights concerning the tourists’ violated rights. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The research results showed that there are various documents in the international arena; which can certainly have a positive effect on reducing the violation related to religious tourism rights. Countries can reduce many of the world’s political, economic, and social tensions by using general and specific documents. On the other hand, by recognizing the supportive documents of the government officials, the tourists can seek the rights that have been violated and also demand compensation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Identifying future climatic change patterns at basin level in Baja California, México
Teodoro Teodoro Carlón Allende Erna López Granados Manuel Mendoza -
Open Access Article
224 - An Exploration of the Main Stage of the Holy Prophet’s (pbuh) Call with an Analysis of the Steps of the Call
abbas taghvaeeBy examining the stages of the Holy Prophet’s call (Daʿwah) in the works of historians from the past to the present, we can see that most of them explicitly or implicitly believe in three stages: "Secret Call", "Calling the Relatives" and "Public Call". A few peo MoreBy examining the stages of the Holy Prophet’s call (Daʿwah) in the works of historians from the past to the present, we can see that most of them explicitly or implicitly believe in three stages: "Secret Call", "Calling the Relatives" and "Public Call". A few people have taken a wider range of stages with more precision and looking at the period after the migration to Madinah; but there has been no regular division of call stages on a unit basis. In this article, based on the development of the geography of the Prophet’s (pbuh) call and the scope of the audience, the stages of call are divided into six successive and interconnected stages: "private call", " calling the relative", "public call", "regional call", "transregional call" and "global call"; and we have put all the initial stages as a prelude to reaching the final stage of daʿwah, which is based on the global mission of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) and the spread of Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Extension of Genetic Algorithm Relationships for Estimating the Global Ductility of EBFs under Near-fault Pulse-type Earthquake
Seyed Abdonnabi Razavi Navid Siahpolo Mehdi Mahdavi Adeli Mohamad Bahmani Seyed Afshin Mohebi Bahram BarriDuctility of the structure is the ability to withstand trans-elastic deformations of the structure without a significant drop in strength. Examining the results of past earthquakes and the damage to structures makes its ductility and supply in the structure an important MoreDuctility of the structure is the ability to withstand trans-elastic deformations of the structure without a significant drop in strength. Examining the results of past earthquakes and the damage to structures makes its ductility and supply in the structure an important issue. In this paper, in order to take advantage of the strengths of the design method based on the performance and computational ease of force design methods, frames with 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 20 floors have been considered. Then, a large database consisting of 12960 data was generated and designed with the purpose of 3 types of column stiffness and 3 degrees of bracing thinness and analyzed against 20 earthquakes near pulsed faults for 4 different performance levels. Finally, using the genetic algorithm, the experimental relationships corresponding to the coefficients of behavior, global ductility and link beam ductility are presented. The proposed relationships are influenced by geometric characteristics such as the number of floors, the stiffness ratio of the columns, the slenderness of the braces, the length of link beam, and the ductility levels. The results of seismic design using the proposed relationships on structures outside the range of the defined database, in comparison with the force methods, show the accuracy of this method in estimating the seismic needs of divergent bracing frames. It can be concluded that based on the production relations of the database, and the validation of the production relations, the results of the structural design by the resulting relations have an acceptable validity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - A Three-Term Extension of a Descent Conjugate Gradient Method
Zohre Aminifard -
Open Access Article
227 - Identify the dimensions and components of global professional citizenship education in the university
fatemeh akhoondi Hamidreza Arasteh Nadergholi Ghurchian Parivash JafariIdentifying the dimensions and components Education of the global professional citizen in the universityFatemeh akhoondi PhD student in Higher educational Management, Tehran University of Research Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Hamidreza arastehProfessor of Educational Manageme MoreIdentifying the dimensions and components Education of the global professional citizen in the universityFatemeh akhoondi PhD student in Higher educational Management, Tehran University of Research Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Hamidreza arastehProfessor of Educational Management Department, Kharazmi University, Faculty of Management, Tehran, IranNader gholi ghoorchianProfessor of Associate Professor, Department of Higher Educational Management, Tehran University of Research Sciences, Faculty of Management and Economics, Tehran, Iran.Parivash Jafari Associate Professor, Department of Higher Educational Management, Tehran University of Research Sciences, Tehran, Iran.AbstractThe aim of this research is to identify the dimensions and components of global professional citizen education in the university from the point of view of experts and specialists. This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative with content analysis in terms of implementation method. The statistical population was university professors and experts in this field, 15 of whom were selected by purposeful sampling.The research tool was semi-structured interviews. The findings showed that 5 dimensions (cognitive competences, scientific and specialized competences, cultural and social competences, moral competences and continuous self-growth competences) and 16 components They were identified as elements of global professional citizen education.Keywords : global citizen, professional citizen, global professional citizen education, higher education Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Development of the Concept of Global Governance in International Relations
Sajjad HeidaryfardAbstract: The concept of global governance has become more prevalent and its meaning has been more complicated by the passage of time. While there is a perception that there should be some flexibility in the use of concepts in both theoretical and practical aspects beca MoreAbstract: The concept of global governance has become more prevalent and its meaning has been more complicated by the passage of time. While there is a perception that there should be some flexibility in the use of concepts in both theoretical and practical aspects because they are desirable and unavoidable yet it felt that there is conceptual disarray which hinders more fruitful discussions and the expansion of coherent theories of global governance. A more careful use of the term global governance is necessary to achieve the goal of theorizing it. Therefore the question is "whether we can treat global governance as a theory (let alone a dominant theory)?" The present article does not seek to clarify the concept but to reveal ambiguities around it. In this direction the discussion is divided into three parts: first the concept of global governance (definitions), second contending perspectives on global governance and the third empirical problems (global governance as a situation). The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-explanatory by using library sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - An Analysis of the Interactional Relation of Petro-nationalism of Iran and the Structural Development of Global Oil Market
Saeed MirtorabiAbstract: The present article by an interdisciplinary approach tries to examine from political sociology and international political economy point of view the interactional relations between oil nationalistic movements in Iran and the developments in rules of production MoreAbstract: The present article by an interdisciplinary approach tries to examine from political sociology and international political economy point of view the interactional relations between oil nationalistic movements in Iran and the developments in rules of production and sale of oil in international oil market within an important period of time, an approach which has less been paid attention so far. The question raised by the paper is "What and how has been the impact of internal social conditions and the structural rules of world oil market from 1921 to 1981 on the process of developments of oil nationalistic movements?" The underlying hypothesis is that the depth and level of oil nationalistic movements and level of strength (or weakness) of structural rules of production and sale of oil in world oil market within the above said period can be categorized in five period of time of oil nationalistic movements. The article shows that these five categorizations of oil nationalistic movement can help us in better understanding of oil politics in Iran and other oil rich countries and also the relations between the oil developments in oil rich countries and the developments of world oil market. In this direction the peculiarity of each period from the view point of oil market, method of functioning of oil companies, nature of anti-colonial movements, goal and achievements of these movements have been studied separately. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-historical and analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - The Essence of Pilgrimage Diplomacy and Iran's Potentials in this Regard
Mohammad hsan shekhol islami ali shamsabadiAbstract: In today’s globalized world the monopoly of states as the exclusive actors in international relations have finished. One of the effective non-state factors in international scene is religious beliefs and one part of religious beliefs is pilgrimage. The i MoreAbstract: In today’s globalized world the monopoly of states as the exclusive actors in international relations have finished. One of the effective non-state factors in international scene is religious beliefs and one part of religious beliefs is pilgrimage. The impact of pilgrimage on international environment leads us to the phenomenon of “pilgrimage diplomacy”. The present article by a descriptive-analytical method and relying on library and media sources offer a new and proper definition of pilgrimage diplomacy. The question raised by the article is “how Iran can use the potentials of pilgrimage diplomacy for furtherance of its soft power?” The Underlying hypothesis is that the pilgrimage diplomacy can be used as an effective and efficient instrument for influencing public opinion of Islamic world and also the countries of the region. The article examines the relation of politics and pilgrimage diplomacy and Iran’s potentials in this regard. The article is of the view that with the increasing importance of public diplomacy and influencing public opinion of peoples of the world pilgrimage diplomacy can act as an important factor in furtherance of foreign policy goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - The Impact of the Characteristics of the Procedure of Periodic Evaluation of Human Rights Council on Promotion of Respect for Human Rights by Governments
Ahmadreza Habibi Ardakani Masoud HematAbstract: With the establishment of Human Rights Council of the United Nations new mechanism took shape within the council to enhance the respect for human rights. One of these mechanisms is Universal Periodic Review (UPR) which evaluates the condition of human rights MoreAbstract: With the establishment of Human Rights Council of the United Nations new mechanism took shape within the council to enhance the respect for human rights. One of these mechanisms is Universal Periodic Review (UPR) which evaluates the condition of human rights of all the countries in period of time of four to four and half years. The aforementioned mechanism is a promotional and supervisory framework based on interaction, dialogue and cooperation by countries which its objective is to strengthen respect for human rights throughout the world. The present article by a descriptive analytical method wants to examine the impact of the mechanism of universal periodic review of the Council of Human Rights of the United Nations on strengthening the human rights among the governments. The hypothesis is that universal periodic review mechanism has led to enhancement of the respect of human rights by the governments. The finding of the study shows that the unique characteristics of the Universal Periodic Review (which cannot be found in other mechanism of the United Nations) such as increasing cooperation among governments, NGOs and international interactions, evaluation of different aspects of human rights issues, the equality of states in investigating human rights and assessment of human rights based on collaboration and interaction, have brought accountability by the governments about human rights issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Bioterrorism, Death Politics and National Security
Ali Akbar JafariAs an anti-security behavior, bioterrorism is a by-product of globalization threatening the human-being societies, governmental structures and international security. prioritizing the death politics and the discourse of hatred and fear as foundation of bioterrorist beha MoreAs an anti-security behavior, bioterrorism is a by-product of globalization threatening the human-being societies, governmental structures and international security. prioritizing the death politics and the discourse of hatred and fear as foundation of bioterrorist behavior led to transition from information to terrorism era in the 21st century. So, the nexus between power- knowledge thanks to the development of biological literatures and technologies turned to bidimensional issue functioning both for medical and political affairs. Such a dialectical professions waxing with the growth of techno-financial, logistic-organizational resources. Thus, the main question of the current paper is to analyze the relation between bioterrorism and security. By focusing on the negative relation between security and bioterrorism, the tentative hypothesis perceives the increasing of one is tantamount to decreasing of the other. So, thoroughly totalizing the institutional chain of medical politics and understanding politics as medicalization is the main suggestion of the current research in which securitization of healthy and medicalization of security will not only increase the societal security but also leading to proliferation of healthy social forces in the international politics. Finally, by employing the analytical method and functioning the conflict management and responsibility to protect, this paper will test the proposed hypothesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Globalization and Ethnicity problem
Ehsan Shakerikhoee ali mohammadi iravanlu Samad ZahiriThe process of globalization as a change in the spatial organization and cultural-economic relations has affected the various dimensions of human life, and the globalization of the free flow of information, communications and the transformation of interactions and commu MoreThe process of globalization as a change in the spatial organization and cultural-economic relations has affected the various dimensions of human life, and the globalization of the free flow of information, communications and the transformation of interactions and communications from the micro to macro levels has created the challenges and opportunities against the international community. One of the influential areas of globalization is the issue of ethnicity in countries with ethnic diversity like Iran. The purpose of this research is to answer these questions of how globalization has promoted and deepened ethnicity. What are the strategies to minimize the ethnic challenges in Iran? The research results are presented in four sections: 1. weakening national sovereignty; 2. intensifying Political and ethnic tensions; 3. ethnicity in Iran after the Islamic Revolution; and 4. solutions for ethnic and religious convergence in Iran. This article is based on the theoretical framework of the methodology an analytical descriptive with emphasis on the narrative of interaction between the approach of codification and specificity, and the method of data collection is the use of library resources and articles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Belt and Road Initiative, Institutionalism and China's energy diplomacy
behnam vakili Arsalan Ghorbani Sheikhneshin saeed mirtorabiOver the past two decades, China's energy diplomacy is rapidly changing and expanding. The rise of China and the Economic Growth have led to that this country to made great efforts to conserve energy resources and its security. However, recent geopolitical developments, MoreOver the past two decades, China's energy diplomacy is rapidly changing and expanding. The rise of China and the Economic Growth have led to that this country to made great efforts to conserve energy resources and its security. However, recent geopolitical developments, such as the establishment of China’s new international institutions, have reinvigorated the field of China’s energy diplomacy. The purpose of this paper is the analysis the role, content, scope and importance of China's institutional procurement and identify some of its consequences on China's energy diplomacy to facilitating economic interdependence and Beijing's goals in the energy sector. The main question is how does China’s new international regimes (One Belt One Road Initiative) complement China’s energy diplomacy? By using Neo-Liberal Institutionalism theory this essay will show that China’s new international institutions are successful complements to China’s energy diplomacy, hence they provide China with institutional legitimacy, which increases its energy trade and investment opportunities and the most important consequence is creating a New World Order for Global Energy Governance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Indo-Pacific and the need for a more serious look at the Islamic Republic of Iran
Mehrdad Alepour Rashid Recabian Vahid GhorbaniIn recent years, in order to consolidate and develop its national interests, Iran, by establishing a traditional strategy of looking to the East, has paid special attention to establishing close relations and close interaction with countries present in the Indo-Pacific MoreIn recent years, in order to consolidate and develop its national interests, Iran, by establishing a traditional strategy of looking to the East, has paid special attention to establishing close relations and close interaction with countries present in the Indo-Pacific strategic region. Considering the strategic transformations that have overshadowed the Iranian diplomatic apparatus, the authors of the present study have tried to answer this strategic question by answering this strategic question with a descriptive-analytical approach and applying the hidden theoretical assumptions in the new regionalist theory. How is the Indo-Pacific powerhouse evaluated? The hypothesis raised by the above question suggests that the system was influenced by the difficulties imposed by the unprecedented sanctions imposed by the West as well as by the special position that the Indo-Pacific strategic area has achieved in the post-Cold War geopolitical equations of Iran. The more active presence in multilateral regional systems and the increase in the level of its political-economic interactions with the system of East Asian powers such as China, the direction, axis and scope of its foreign policy is directed to the regions beyond the eastern borders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - The "Health Silk Road" Initiative: planning China's Influence in Global Health Governance
mohsen keshvarian azad mohammad JolaniBeijing has created mechanisms in the economic, commercial, financial and monetary, technological and cyber spheres to increase its position in global governance. Following China's initiatives and plans to influence global governance, the health sector has become one of MoreBeijing has created mechanisms in the economic, commercial, financial and monetary, technological and cyber spheres to increase its position in global governance. Following China's initiatives and plans to influence global governance, the health sector has become one of the axes of China's foreign policy. The purpose of this article is to explain the "Health Silk Road" and plans of China's influence in global health governance and And it answered the question that how China's "Health Silk Road" initiative has become the planning for this country's influence in global health governance? In response, it is assumed that China's "Health Silk Road" as an emerging diplomatic initiative through the development of South-South cooperation, establishment of institutional mechanisms, bilateral and multilateral strategic partnership, and connecting the health sector with the economic sector, technology and the "One Belt and One Road " initiative, has led to the promotion of the health cooperation network in the world and has provided the grounds for Beijing's influence in global health governance. The research method is analytical-explanatory. The findings show that China has established effective governance mechanisms to promote joint management and cooperative efforts in global health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Linguistic Imperialism and Globalization in Iranian English Language Teaching Curriculum: Teachers Perceptions and Upstream Document Analyses the Islamic Republic of Iran in facing the challenges and cultural dominance of the West
Mostafa Rafiei Hassan Soleimani Hamed BarjestehThe study has investigated the perception of Iranian EFL teachers and policymakers towards the phenomenon of linguistic imperialism and globalization in the English language teaching curriculum and the relationship between contextual factors and the attitude toward ling MoreThe study has investigated the perception of Iranian EFL teachers and policymakers towards the phenomenon of linguistic imperialism and globalization in the English language teaching curriculum and the relationship between contextual factors and the attitude toward linguistic imperialism. To conduct this research, 674 Iranian EFL teachers and eight high-ranking officials of Iran who are responsible for designing and compiling national documents in the Expediency Recognition Council, the Cultural Revolution Council, and the Ministry of Science, Research, and Information Technology were invited to participate in the research. Using structural equation modeling, the collected quantitative data was analyzed and the content analysis method was used for qualitative data. The findings showed the significant influence of cultural and contextual factors in shaping the attitude of educators and policymakers toward linguistic imperialism. To preserve the cultural and linguistic identity of students along with learning English as a global language, this approach can help students to increase their language skills and at the same time facilitate international communication. Therefore, the members of society specifically the planners, teachers, language learners, and parents should pay attention to the nature and cultural, social, and political consequences of this language and not consider it as a neutral communication tool. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Explaining the Impact of Globalization on Status seeking of Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia
Fazel Hassanzadeh amin ravanbod Ghaffar ZareiIn one hand, this research accepts the inevitable developments in international environment due to globalization and on the other hand, recognizing the state as the most important international actor, tries to explain one of the most influential state’s acts in th MoreIn one hand, this research accepts the inevitable developments in international environment due to globalization and on the other hand, recognizing the state as the most important international actor, tries to explain one of the most influential state’s acts in the globalized space. The purpose of this research is to explain the impact of globalization on dynamics of status seeking of Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia. This research is done with descriptive-analytical method. Findings of this research show that in lack of collective security system in the Middle East, the strategy of social competition is an attractive option for Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia. The competitive relations among states in the Middle East have been an obstacle toward creating inclusive institutions and common concept of security. Consequently, the strategy of social mobility has not been a functional one in the region. Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia in order to utilize the strategy of social creativity should demonstrate more compliance with global values and norms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Globalization and the Challenges before National Identity in Developing Countries
Enayatollah Yazdani Nader MorvatiThe world is on the verge of one of the biggest changes in the history of man، the quick changes which do not provide the opportunity for cultural education، creating norms، finding identity and adapting with the social conditions. These changes are so fast that accordi MoreThe world is on the verge of one of the biggest changes in the history of man، the quick changes which do not provide the opportunity for cultural education، creating norms، finding identity and adapting with the social conditions. These changes are so fast that according to Bourdieu one does not have the opportunity to mentally and subjectively interact with it. In fact the process of globalization which is referred to it as compression of time and place can threaten the traditional cultures and can lead to diffusion of global culture and values. These developments can cause great changes in different fields including the collective kind of identity (specially the national identity as an all inclusive level of collective identity). A look at the theories of globalization and other explanations related to it reveals that globalization offers opportunities as well as challenges. In this direction the important matters is protecting different layers of identity of the citizens in their constructive interaction with outside world and making use of the opportunities of globalization like communication and information technology and not resisting and confronting it. The integration and joining of the developing countries to the process of globalization does not mean westernization or renouncing or losing one’s essential identity but it means accepting it like a critical phenomenon in the turbulent path of globalization and a departure from a maverick life Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Globalization and the North-South Relations (Text in Persian)
Samad Kalantari Abdolrassuoul KhaliliGlobalization is a process which has taken place in the past decade and the world community is moving in that direction. This process is taking place in social، political، cultural and technological arena particularly it is expanding in the field of economy. Many thinke MoreGlobalization is a process which has taken place in the past decade and the world community is moving in that direction. This process is taking place in social، political، cultural and technological arena particularly it is expanding in the field of economy. Many thinkers believe that the first move for globalization started in nineteen century. There was considerable increase in the volume of trade during 1870 till 1914 and some called this period the "golden period of economic integration" but later development slowed down this process. These developments were opposition to free trade by national producers، First World War، the Great Recession of 1929-1934 and the tendency of the governments to have independent economic policies. The main aspect of globalization of economy is the process of integration and dependence in different countries. It is in this framework that the North-South relations are discussed. Two important factors of globalization which have direct relations with each other are world target market and the problem of nation-states. The international competition transcends the national boundaries and they become like glass walls which one can see through them. In other words the advances in information technology and communication lead to integration and similarity of pattern of behavior، consumption، way of life and culture among the people of the world. Globalization also includes and affects the relations among political، economic and social units and wide range of interaction among them. Thus the process of globalization of economy has directed the orientation of national economies towards world economy and the activities which were formulated within national framework now are decided on world basis according to need of world markets. It is in this process that the future and the fate of the North and the South countries are tied together. The present article in the light of theoretical framework of globalization and with emphasis on globalization of political economy identifies the opportunities، the deterrent factors and the threats to the growth and development of the world. A world which is called the North-South. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - The Impact of Globalization of Human Rights on the Principle of non-intervention: with Emphasis on Syrian Crisis
Leila Raisi Dazki Mohammad Kaffash NayyeriAbstract: Globalization as a process that highly affects human interactions and relationship and have attracted special attention among people’s public opinion, governments and international organizations, in a way that the role and place of human being and MoreAbstract: Globalization as a process that highly affects human interactions and relationship and have attracted special attention among people’s public opinion, governments and international organizations, in a way that the role and place of human being and the rights that he is entitled to, have become very important; such that we are witnessing the globalization of human rights has become jus cogens. On this basis globalization of human rights has led to adjustment of the principle of sovereignty and non-interference. As a result the grounds have been prepared for military intervention in the internal affairs of the countries on the pretext of humanitarian intervention and the responsibility about the breach of individual human rights. In this regard it becomes necessary to evaluate the level of desirability and legitimacy of humanitarian intervention in Syria taking into consideration the crisis in this country and the ensuing events that are considered as violation of human rights. An understanding which shows the real truth behind the intervention in Syria and violation of her sovereignty under the pretext of humanitarian intervention is not under the impact of global developments of human rights and the globalization process which supports human rights and object the breach of them but it is all done with political motives and the justification behind it is the violation of human rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - The Decline of the Concept of Nation-state in the Era of Globalization
shohreh Jalalpur Keanosh Payfard Mohammad FallahAbstract: Globalization can be defined as a complex process in which the countries and societies of the world get more interconnected. Nowadays due to impact of globalization the international relations have expanded and the establishment and strengthening of internati MoreAbstract: Globalization can be defined as a complex process in which the countries and societies of the world get more interconnected. Nowadays due to impact of globalization the international relations have expanded and the establishment and strengthening of international organizations have led to reduction of autonomy and sovereignty power of the states. The question arises her is what aspect of nation-state have been challenged by globalization? In what way the power and influence of the states have been weakened? The finding of the study which has been pursued by a descriptive-analytical method shows that expansion of new media has led to the formation of new concepts like global culture and global human rights and their acceptance by the peoples of the world have challenged national culture and sovereignty. In fact the advent of globalization with support of information revolution and delocalization and the emergence of the global human rights concept has limited the national boundaries and the absolute traditional hold on sovereignty. The requirement and implications of globalization have also challenged independence and national sovereignty of the states in favor of global culture. The supra-national and non-governmental organizations have gained more power than before. Hence we are witnessing the decline of the power of national governments. Of course it is to be noted that in international scene and interactions, the official actors are still national governments but gradually their power is decreasing and giving their place to supra national institutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Islamic Awakening and Globalization: the Repercussion or Answer
Hossein MasoudniaThe occurrence of the third industrial revolution called digital revolution in the field of communication in the last decade of twentieth century led to a development which is called globalization. There is no consensus among the researchers regarding the definition, na MoreThe occurrence of the third industrial revolution called digital revolution in the field of communication in the last decade of twentieth century led to a development which is called globalization. There is no consensus among the researchers regarding the definition, nature and consequences of this development. Nevertheless the globalization has different consequences in political, social and cultural areas which among them are the diminishing importance of borders and governments instead the nations have become nearer to each other. One of the important developments in the global age is the formation of social movements in the past one year in Islamic countries, right form the Persian Gulf region extending till North Africa. Most of these movements have a coalition nature and one of the dominant discourses in them is religious discourse and emphasis on revival of Islamic identity. The strong presence of religious discourse in social movements of Islamic countries led to this point that many researchers consider these movements as Islamic awakening. The formation of Islamic awakening movements in globalization era raised an important question whether the return of Islamic nations to religion for defining their identity is the consequence of globalization or it is an answer to challenges posed by global culture to religious identity of Muslim nations? A thought in the pace of developments and events shows that the answer to both questions is positive, in the sense that the recent Islamic awakening on the one side is the repercussion of globalization and on the other hand it is an answer to the challenges posed to the spiritual identity of the Muslim nations from global culture. The purpose of writing the present paper is giving answer to above questions and verifying the given hypothesis with a descriptive-analytical method by using library material and documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - The impact of Inter-Governmental Organization‘s Soft Power on Global Governance: the Case of UNESCO
Said Abadi Mohammad Javad BakhtiariAbstract The correlation between global governance and global organizations with soft power is the subject of present article. Globalization and global governance have added to the importance of IGOs in political, cultural and economic fields. On the other hand, one of MoreAbstract The correlation between global governance and global organizations with soft power is the subject of present article. Globalization and global governance have added to the importance of IGOs in political, cultural and economic fields. On the other hand, one of the most important aspect of each country’s power, which on the contrary of its existence, has been neglected and not been paid attention to, is the issue of its soft power. In this article the writers have tried to use library as well as Internet sources on the issue of inter-governmental organizations specially UNESCO while keeping in mind Nye’s theory of soft power and have applied the theory to the activities of IGOs. The primary sources are those documents and speeches which have been published by UNESCO on their activities. It seems that soft power among some of the international organizations such as UNESCO is more important than the others because UNESCO is having long standing in cultural practices around the world. Finally the Palestinian joining to UNESCO has been regarded as an important example of its soft power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - آموزش زبان انگلیسی به روش تکلیف-محور برمبنای تکنولوژی در دوره های انگلیسی برای اهداف ویژه: تمرکز بر استراتژی های فراشناختی خواندن و درک مطلب در دانشجویان ایرانی
مهناز شعله محمد رضا طالبی نژاد محسن شاهرخیدستاوردهای روشهای آموزش زبان به کمک فن آوری یا آموزش زبان به روش تکلیف-محور در یادگیری و آموزش زبان، به ویژه در دورههای انگلیسی برای اهداف ویژه در دنیای جهانی شده، ایجاب می نماید که آموزش زبان انگلیسی تکلیف-محور مبتنی بر فن آوری و تکالیف آنلاین به گونها Moreدستاوردهای روشهای آموزش زبان به کمک فن آوری یا آموزش زبان به روش تکلیف-محور در یادگیری و آموزش زبان، به ویژه در دورههای انگلیسی برای اهداف ویژه در دنیای جهانی شده، ایجاب می نماید که آموزش زبان انگلیسی تکلیف-محور مبتنی بر فن آوری و تکالیف آنلاین به گونهای طراحی شوند که به طور مناسب در برنامه های زبان تخصصی اعمال شوند. در مجموع، 87 فراگیر زبان تخصصی به یک گروه کنترل (دریافت کننده زبان تخصصی تکلیف-محور) و یک گروه آزمایش (دریافت کننده زبان تخصصی تکلیف-محور با استفاده از فن آوری) اختصاص داده شدند. یک پرسشنامه راهبردهای فراشناختی خواندن توسط پژوهشگران اصلاح و ترجمه شد. همچنین، یک پرسشنامه نگرش نسبت به رایانه برای اطمینان از اینکه آیا شرکت کنندگان گروه آزمایش علاقه مند به یادگیری از طریق فناوری هستند یا خیر استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل دادههای جمع آوری شده با استفاده از نرمافزار SPSS 24 انجام شد. راهبردهای فراشناختی مهارت خواندن و درک مطلب فراگیران از طریق مجموعه ای از تحلیل واریانس ترکیبی بین آزمودنی ها (SPANOVA) مقایسه و تجزیه و تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که بین روشهای استفاده شده در دو گروه و زمان اثر متقابل معنا داری وجود دارد، یعنی هر دو گروه کنترل و آزمایش تغییری در نمره راهبردهای فراشناختی خواندن و درک مطلب در دو دوره زمانی نشان دادند، اگرچه گروه کنترل عملکرد منفی داشتند، یعنی شرکت کنندگان گروه کنترل کاهش جزئی را در نمرات راهبردهای فراشناختی مهارت خواندن و درک مطلب نشان دادند. علاوه بر این، یافته ها نشان داد که در حالی که از نظر راهبردهای فراشناختی مهارت خواندن بین دو گروه کنترل و آزمایش تفاوت مشاهده شد، اما این تفاوت از نظر آماری معنی دار تلقی نشد. به عبارت دیگر، تفاوت معنا داری در راهبردهای فراشناختی مهارت خواندن برای هر دو گروه وجود نداشت، اما گروه آزمایش افزایش میانگین نمرات را نشان داد. فراگیران گروه آزمایش به هیچ سطح متفاوتی از راهبردهای فراشناختی مهارت خواندن در مقایسه با همتایان خود در گروه کنترل نرسیدند. با این وجود، از آنجایی که مطالب کتاب درسی از انتشارات "سمت" در طول یک ترم تحصیلی به فراگیران ارائه میشد، این مطالعه نشان داد که یک ترم تحصیلی زمان کافی برای کار و بهبود راهبردهای فراشناختی در مهارت خواندن و درک مطلب نیست. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - The role of globalization in the cultural development of Arak Industrial City
Hamidreza Soleimani farhad emamjomeIn today's dense world where digital identities react instantly to each other; The idea of globalization and development can be good criteria for examining the extent of globalization and people's understanding of the changing global ecosystem, which has led MoreIn today's dense world where digital identities react instantly to each other; The idea of globalization and development can be good criteria for examining the extent of globalization and people's understanding of the changing global ecosystem, which has led to the crystallization of rethinking and the formation of new actors in the cultural and social structure. Thus, harmony, empathy, and a desire for interaction and participation in a multicultural world and a multifaceted view make it possible for the individual and society to avoid tyranny and a sense of hostile competition and extreme capitalist dogmatism. This research aims to achieve the role of globalization in the cultural development of Arak city using the theories of Ronald Robertson and Manuel Castells and using multiple research methods in the indexing of qualitative method and Delphi technique and then quantitative survey method. The questionnaire technique containing 26 items was used by combined sampling method and the results were extracted and analyzed using SPSS v22 software. The results of Pearson test with 99% confidence and error level less than 1% showed that there is a significant relationship between two important variables. This study showed that in the industrial metropolis of Arak, indicators such as: cultural pluralism, global rethinking and universality are in a better position than cultural harmony, enjoyment and innovation, as well as space and place in the dynamic currents of society and the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Investigating the Causes of Intergenerational Distance and Students Discourse Conflicts with Value System of urban Society
Elahe Imani Alireza Kaldi باقر ساروخانیBackground and Aim: Generational distance is an important issue in contemporary societies and has been considered as harm by many researchers. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to study the sociological causes of intergenerational distance and the conflict be MoreBackground and Aim: Generational distance is an important issue in contemporary societies and has been considered as harm by many researchers. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to study the sociological causes of intergenerational distance and the conflict between students' discourse and the value system of urban society. Research Method: The research method is quantitative and the data collection technique is questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is students and parents in Tehran, 985 of whom have been selected using the sample size formula and cluster sampling in different areas of Tehran. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed structural equation modeling. Findings and Results: The results showed that the independent variables of gender, peer group, family moral values, educational environment, national mass media, socio-economic status and manifestations of globalization had a significant effect on the intergenerational distance and conflict of students' discourse with society's value system. Among these, national mass media with a coefficient of (0.50) had the most impact and socio-economic base with a coefficient (0.10) had the least impact. Also, the variable of attachment to values with a coefficient (-0.69) had a significant and inverse effect on the intergenerational distance and the conflict of students' discourse with the value system of society. In relation to measuring the total effects, all the variables are independent; Gender, peer group, family moral values, educational environment, national mass media, socio-economic status and manifestations of globalization have all been able to explain 0.53 of the generation gap changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - The role of globalization in the cultural development of Arak Industrial City
Hamidreza Solemani Farhad EmamjomehIn today's dense world where digital identities react instantly to each other; the idea of globalization and development can be good criteria for examining the extent of globalization and people's understanding of the changing global ecosystem, which has led to the cr MoreIn today's dense world where digital identities react instantly to each other; the idea of globalization and development can be good criteria for examining the extent of globalization and people's understanding of the changing global ecosystem, which has led to the crystallization of reflexivity and the formation of new actors in the cultural and social structure. Thus, harmony, empathy, and a desire for interaction and participation in a multicultural world and a multifaceted view make it possible for the individual and society to avoid tyranny and a sense of hostile competition and extreme capitalist dogmatism. This research aims to achieve the role of globalization in the cultural development of Arak city using the theories of Ronald Robertson and Manuel Castells and using mixed research methods. In the qualitative part, the Delphi technique was used and then a survey method for the quantitative one. A questionnaire containing 26 items was used by a quota sampling method and the results were analyzed using SPSS v22 software. The results of Pearson test with 99% confidence and error level less than 1% showed that there is a significant relationship between two important variables. This study showed that in the industrial metropolis of Arak, variables such as cultural pluralism, global reflexivity, and universality are in a better position than cultural harmony, economic wellbeing, and cultural innovation, and that of space and place in the dynamic currents of society and the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - Investigating the effect of globalization and traditionalism on cultural particularism (Case study of Hamedan)
Ali Hejazifar Mansour Haghighatian Asghar MohamadiCulture is the distinguishing factor of societies and groups and the main pillar of the personality and human identity of every nation and we can talk about culture and specific cultural identity. Immigrant acceptance in big cities with different cultures and ethnicitie MoreCulture is the distinguishing factor of societies and groups and the main pillar of the personality and human identity of every nation and we can talk about culture and specific cultural identity. Immigrant acceptance in big cities with different cultures and ethnicities has caused cultural diversity, the culture of native and non-native people has been influenced by two currents of particularism and generalism, cultural separation is one of its consequences. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of the components of globalization and traditionalism on cultural particularism in the Hamadan city and with the approach of cultural system and Parsons pattern variables, as well as the theories of globalization and traditionalism. The research was conducted with a survey method and using a questionnaire with a sample size of 500 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster method and random sampling. SPSS and PLS statistical software were also used for data analysis. Based on the analysis of structural equations, the research hypotheses have been confirmed, and it tells about the significant impact of globalization, traditionalism, cyberspace, education, religiosity and being an immigrant or a native on cultural particularism. Overall, independent variables explain 67% of the dependent variable variance, ie cultural particularism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - An analysis of inter-generational gap and students’ conflict in discourse with urban society’s value system
Elahe Imani Alireza Kaldi Bagher SaroukhaniGeneral gap is an important issue in contemporary societies and as a problem has attracted the attention of many social researchers. In this regard, this article aims to present a sociological analysis of inter-generational gap and students’ conflict i MoreGeneral gap is an important issue in contemporary societies and as a problem has attracted the attention of many social researchers. In this regard, this article aims to present a sociological analysis of inter-generational gap and students’ conflict in discourse with urban society’s value system. A quantitative research method and a questionnaire were used to gather the data. Research population consisted of Tehrani students and their parents of whom, on the basis of Cochran formual 985 individuals were selected through a cluster sampling technique. Structural equation modeling was used in the analysis of the data. The findings showed that independent variables such as gender, peer groups, family moral values, educational atmosphere, national mass media, socioeconomic status, and aspects of globalization were significantly associated with inter-generational gap and students’ conflict in discourse with urban society’s value system. The findings showed that national mass media with a coefficient of 0.50 had the most impact and socioeconomic status with a coefficient of 0.10 had the least effect. It was also found that obligation to values with a coefficient of -0.69 was inversely related to the dependent variable. All the independent variables together could explain 0.53 percent of variance of the dependent variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - A Sociological study of socio-cultural dimensions of globalization and its effects on citizenship culture (case of study: citizens in Tehran)
Firooze khazaei koohpar mahnaz ronaghi notash shahla kazemipourThe new era has been described as the globalization era. It's an all-embracing phenomenon with multiple dimensions that has crossed geographical borders and covered all countries. Thus, studying its outcomes and consequences is one of the most essential issues in social MoreThe new era has been described as the globalization era. It's an all-embracing phenomenon with multiple dimensions that has crossed geographical borders and covered all countries. Thus, studying its outcomes and consequences is one of the most essential issues in social sciences. So, this paper aims to dp a sociological investigation of socio-cultural dimensions of globalization and its effects on citizenship culture. In doing so, 400 citizens, who were between 18 to 65 years old and resided in the city of Tehran were chosen by multi-clustere sampling. the data were gathered by questionnaire. Socio-cultural aspects of globalization were under consideration. The concept of citizenship culture was measured by such components as rule of law, social responsibility and social participation. The findings showed that there was significant relationship between socio-cultural dimensions of globalization and citizenship culture. Based on multivariable regression ,the mass media has the most influence on citizenship culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - یک مدل شبکه عصبی بازگشتی برای حل مدل CCR در تحلیل پوششی داده ها
معصومه عباسی عباس قماشیدر این مقاله ما یک شبکه عصبی برای حل مدل CCR در تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) معرفی می کنیم. مدل شبکه عصبی پیشنهادی از یک مسئله مینیمم سازی نامقید حاصل می شود. از دیدگاه تئوری، نشان داده می شود که شبکه عصبی پیشنهادی به مفهوم لیاپانف پایدار و همگرای عمومی به جواب بهینه مدل C Moreدر این مقاله ما یک شبکه عصبی برای حل مدل CCR در تحلیل پوششی داده ها (DEA) معرفی می کنیم. مدل شبکه عصبی پیشنهادی از یک مسئله مینیمم سازی نامقید حاصل می شود. از دیدگاه تئوری، نشان داده می شود که شبکه عصبی پیشنهادی به مفهوم لیاپانف پایدار و همگرای عمومی به جواب بهینه مدل CCR می باشد. مدل پیشنهادی ساختار تک لایه دارد. با یک مثال عددی موثر بودن مدل پیشنهادی برای حل مدل CCR در DEA نشان داده می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - یک روش ترکیبی جدید گرادیان مزدوج مبتنی بر معادله سکانت برای حل مسائل بهینه سازی مقیاس بزرگ
نصیرو صلیحو Mathew Odekunle Mohammed Waziri Abubakar Haliluانواع زیادی از الگوریتم های گرادیان مزدوج وجود دارد. به منظور بهره گیری از ویژگی های جذاب روش های لیو و استوری (LS) و سکانت مزدوج (CD) و روش گرادیان مزدوج ، ما ترکیبی از این روش ها که در آن پارامتر به عنوان ترکیبی محدب محاسبه می شود و به ترتیب پارامتر گرادیان (برو Moreانواع زیادی از الگوریتم های گرادیان مزدوج وجود دارد. به منظور بهره گیری از ویژگی های جذاب روش های لیو و استوری (LS) و سکانت مزدوج (CD) و روش گرادیان مزدوج ، ما ترکیبی از این روش ها که در آن پارامتر به عنوان ترکیبی محدب محاسبه می شود و به ترتیب پارامتر گرادیان (بروزرسانی) از معادله Secant بدست آمده است را پیشنهاد می کنیم. الگوریتم جهت نزول را ایجاد می کند و هنگامی که فشردگی تگرار می شود جهت شرایط مناسب نزول را برآورده می کند. گزارش نتایج عددی نشان دهنده کارایی روش ما است.طرح محاسباتی ترکیبی عملکرد بهتری دارد یا قابل مقایسه با الگوریتم گرادیان مزدوج شناخته شده است. همچنین نشان می دهد که روش ما در سطح جهانی با استفاده از شرایط ولف قوی همگراست. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - A High Performance and Secure Way to Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Network
Mehdi Bagherizadeh Rezvan Kazemi -
Open Access Article
255 - A Hybrid Algorithm Based on Firefly Algorithm and Differential Evolution for Global Optimization
Sosan Sarbazfard Ahmad Jafarian -
Open Access Article
256 - An Optimal Approach to Local and Global Text Coherence Evaluation Combining Entity-based, Graph-based and Entropy-based Approaches
Mohamad Abdolahi -
Open Access Article
257 - An Effective Ant Colony Algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem
Majid Yousefikhoshbakht Azam Dolatnejad -
Open Access Article
258 - GEOPOLITICAL VIEW ON THE GLOBALIZATION OF WORLD POLITICS
YOSEF zeinilabedinDuring the last few years, the globalization phenomenon has become as a day today topic of discussion in the customary academic and public circles around the globe. Therefore, in the course of history, if we study the transformation of our identities from family to trib MoreDuring the last few years, the globalization phenomenon has become as a day today topic of discussion in the customary academic and public circles around the globe. Therefore, in the course of history, if we study the transformation of our identities from family to tribal, from local to national and governmental, then question comes to our mind that if this process will continue in 21st century, too. Apparently, globalization has unlimited boundary so far as culture, economy and politics around the globe are concerned which from the view of time and space has no limitation and constraints, and apparently with respect to recent geopolitical condition has strengthened localization against globalization with the western cultural identity, which coincidentally is the recent creation. Manuscript profile -
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259 - Assessment the status of the member Countries, Guam in an Era of Globalization
zahra pishgahifard mohamadreza rezaee hojat MahkoeiQuite competitive century colonial Great amein Central Asia Geopolitical The Great Russian Revolution, which endedin 1917AD. Untilthe early1990swith thecollapse oftheSovietCentral Asianregion, this time alongthe whole southern Caucasus, Central Eurasiaare called a MoreQuite competitive century colonial Great amein Central Asia Geopolitical The Great Russian Revolution, which endedin 1917AD. Untilthe early1990swith thecollapse oftheSovietCentral Asianregion, this time alongthe whole southern Caucasus, Central Eurasiaare called againin power of the competition and the game wassuch that it the newgreat gameto berememberedas. Despiteall these development soccurredin the geostrategic and geopolitical regions ofthe world, riseup and Eyes Regionalintegrationandunityofthecoalitionaretofailedtoinfluencethekey playersinthe global systemto reduceplay.one of theseplacesaregeopoliticalregionthathas alwaysbeeninvolvedinrecentyearschallengingandwarshave beeninternal and external. thisarticleisfollowed bytherole andfunction oftheCaucasusregion aregionalorganizationinGuamtoassesstheage of Globalization. Organizations the convention that the interestdue tobeing asuccessfuljointforcesin thescenebetweentheregionin order to solveorpreventproblemsthatledGeorgia, Ukraine,AzerbaijaniandMoldovan, aregionalorganizationestablishedin 1997toGuam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - The Perspective of Metropolises Management in the Sovereignty of Islamic Republic of Iran
yosef zeinolabedin zahra shirzadThe increasing urban population process and its effects on the increasing metropolises is one of the important geographical discussions that its effects face the countries sovereignty with some challenges. Because, planning economical, social and security issues and bio MoreThe increasing urban population process and its effects on the increasing metropolises is one of the important geographical discussions that its effects face the countries sovereignty with some challenges. Because, planning economical, social and security issues and biological, social and criminal adventures are not an easy task for each government. In Iran, like the most countries of the world, after increasing urbanization and appearance of economical, social and structural problems of metropolises, had been noticed some sovereignty-related challenges. Noticing this subject, the main question of this paper is "How is the process of metropolises perspective and it has what effects on the sovereignty of Islamic Republic of Iran?" with this hypothesis that the metropolises number are increasing and this process makes some changes in economical, political, social, ...fields of the sovereignty of Islamic Republic of Iran; we will study the differences between metropolises and global cities. Also the purpose of this paper is to clear the functions of metropolises and global cities. At last, in the research findings, generally, Iran's metropolises landscape will be studied from geopolitical point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - Presenting A model for internationalization of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran
vahid falah Reza Yousefi Seyedeh Sedigheh Tahmasebzadehpurpose of the present study is presenting a model for internationalization of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran. The population of the study in qualitative part includes faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran. Among them, the sample was selected a Morepurpose of the present study is presenting a model for internationalization of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran. The population of the study in qualitative part includes faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran. Among them, the sample was selected according to purposive sampling and 13 person’s saturation method. The second group of the study population includes all (1606) faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran. The sample size of 310 was selected by Stratified random sampeling method. Data collection was done by library method. semi-structured interviews (qualitative part) and questionnaire (quantitative part) was used. Interviews with experts indicate that the interview was valid and for measuring the reliability, the method of between two coders was used. the results indicated that the interviews were valid and reliable. For measuring the questionnaires’ validity, the face, content and construct validity were measured and for measuring the questionnaires’ reliability, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient and combination reliability were used. the results indicated that the researched made questionnaire was valid and reliable. The results of the study indicated that the components of internationalization of universities are education, research, communication, economic, political, cultural and structural. According to the components, a model was presented which was in good fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Studying the Necessities and Gaps in Teaching Skills of Students
saeid shafeiThe purpose of this study was to assess the necessity and the vacuum of living skills of high school students. The research questions were designed considering the assessment of the life skills of high school students in Tehran based on demographic characteristics (gend MoreThe purpose of this study was to assess the necessity and the vacuum of living skills of high school students. The research questions were designed considering the assessment of the life skills of high school students in Tehran based on demographic characteristics (gender, field of study, basic education, educational area). The type of research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, descriptive survey. The statistical population of this study includes all secondary school students with 25415 people who were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method in 209 subjects. In this study, 40 questions of closed-ended responses with 5-point likert scale and interviews were used in four life questions questionnaires. Validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by content. The reliability coefficient of life skills questionnaire was estimated 0.84% using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential level statistical software. The findings showed that the mean of life skills in problem solving, decision making, communication, global citizenship, participation, cooperation and information technology was lower than average. There is no significant difference between students' life skills based on gender, field of study, education level and educational area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - Analysis in the context of globalization and the crisis of identity in cyberspace approach to sustainability science
ابراهیم انصاری سیدعلی هاشمیان فر حسین رضایی امینلوییAt the end of the twentieth century dialectical and contradictory process of globalization and modernity with Positive outlook, humanity witnessed the rise and ethnic conflicts, and identity, nationalist movements, and religious fundamentalisms. The first hypothesis is MoreAt the end of the twentieth century dialectical and contradictory process of globalization and modernity with Positive outlook, humanity witnessed the rise and ethnic conflicts, and identity, nationalist movements, and religious fundamentalisms. The first hypothesis is why in the context of modern life and with the world shrinking due to stresses such communication occurs? The process of globalization and resistance to it and created a virtual space, the various forms of cultural pluralism, ethnic stresses and tensions of ethnic identity. But sense of identity is the most basic human psychological needs and requirements of any social life. Location, time and space are important factors that could traditionally supply the needs of their identity. The process of globalization and cyberspace to transform the traditional framework of identity, the rupture location, time and space are accelerated, So the circle narrowed and limited community abandoned place and spaciously extended, Created a crisis of identity and meaning in different societies, thus the people of various social classes, methods and strategies to solve the crisis in the resort. The objective of this study with regard to this issue, overriding the integrated conceptual framework of linear thinking. A proactive measure to solve the most important problems of our time, including discussion of ethnicity and conflicts arising from the process of globalization and cyberspace. Thus, the second hypothesis of this study to understand global issues and ethnic tensions have arisen. The study was conducted in a theoretical study of a fundamental and theoretical study. In addition to discovering and revealing the relationships between variables of methods of reasoning and rational analysis is used, based on library studies conducted has been developed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - Explanation of relationship between globalization and individualism among the Youth between 15 to 29 Years of Age in Yazd
.. افشانی یاسین خرم پور ندا جواهرچیانThis study with regard to the significant role of globalization and its components in the growth of individualism in intends to investigate the relationship between globalization and individualism among youth 15 and 29 years of age in the Yazd city. In this study, a sur MoreThis study with regard to the significant role of globalization and its components in the growth of individualism in intends to investigate the relationship between globalization and individualism among youth 15 and 29 years of age in the Yazd city. In this study, a survey was conducted with 384 young people from Yazd using multi-stage cluster sampling using a research made questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient is used to calculate the reliability of questionnaire. Finding of the study showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between gender and horizontal individualism and there is not a significant relationship between gender and vertical individualism. There is not a significant relationship between education level and individualism. Also, there is a significant positive relationship between globalization and its dimensions and vertical individualism. And there is a significant and positive relationship between horizontal individualism and Cultural Globalization. The regression analysis results indicate that cultural globalization over 17% of the variance in vertical individualism explains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - پایبندی به استاندارد جهانی GAP و سودآوری: مطالعة موردی کشاورزان خردهپای آنانانس در آکواپم در جنوب غنا
Prince Annorدر این مطالعه، به بررسی تأثیر برداشت کشاورزان خردهپای آناناس بر تبعیت آنها از استاندارد جهانی GAP، ارزیابی میزان پایبندی کشاورزان پایند به نیازمندیهای استاندارد، و مقایسة متوسط سود مزرعهای کشاورزان پایبند و غیرپایبند به استاندارد جهانی GAP در آکواپم در منطقة شهری جنو Moreدر این مطالعه، به بررسی تأثیر برداشت کشاورزان خردهپای آناناس بر تبعیت آنها از استاندارد جهانی GAP، ارزیابی میزان پایبندی کشاورزان پایند به نیازمندیهای استاندارد، و مقایسة متوسط سود مزرعهای کشاورزان پایبند و غیرپایبند به استاندارد جهانی GAP در آکواپم در منطقة شهری جنوب غنا پرداختیم. برای این منظور از دادههای مزرعهای که از 150 کشاورز آناناس جمعآوری شده بودند، استفاده شد. این کشاورزان به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. یافتههای تحقیق نشان داد که برداشت کشاورزان پایبند به استاندارد جهانی GAP این بود که بازار برای محصولات گواهیشده مبلغ بالاتری را پرداخت میکند به همان شکلی که درمورد محصولات ارگانیک داریم. عوامل موثر بر عدمپایبندی کشاورزان به استاندارد جهانی GAP عبارتند بودند از هزینة بالای پایبندی به استاندارد، قیمت مزرعهای غیررقابتی و عملکرد مزرعهای پایین. هرچند متوسط سود مزرعهای کشاورزان پایبند (64/9083 سدی غنا) بیش از کشاورزان غیرپایبند (62/8893 سدی غنا) بود، اما این اختلاف معنیدار نبود. ازجمله پیشنهادات این مطالعه این بود که دولت غنا و بخش خصوصی باید به صورت هماهنگ روی ایجاد مؤسسه ملی مبادلة کالایی کار کند تا این موسسه سیستم بازاریابی شفاف و کارآمدی برای کالاهای کشاورزی اصلی غنا ایجاد بکند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Study of the Effects of Globalization on Iranian Caviar Export
Abolghasem Barghandan Kamran Barghandan Mohammadreza Naeemi Abdolghafoor MohammadzadehGlobalization is integration of national economies in global economy and infers on increasing the flow of goods and services. In this study the consequences of globalization were studied through the analysis of Level of International Trade index (LIT) in the caviar expo MoreGlobalization is integration of national economies in global economy and infers on increasing the flow of goods and services. In this study the consequences of globalization were studied through the analysis of Level of International Trade index (LIT) in the caviar export equation. The required data were gathered from Statistical Yearbook of Foreign Trade, Statistical Yearbook of fisheries, Statistical Yearbook of the International Monetary Fund, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and different issues of Central Bank of Iran over 1974-2007. The results showed that domestic production of caviar have significant and positive effects on its export. In addition, sign of level of international trade variable in the estimated model is positive and indicates trade restrictions remove lead to increase in caviar export. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - Geochemistry of Neoproterozoic cap carbonate of banded iron-formation of the Rizu serie in Jellal abad Zarand
Mehdi Kianian Ahmad Khakzad Iraj Rasa Mansor Abedini -
Open Access Article
268 - Location of facilities in the design of the global logistics hub network taking into account the time discount coefficient
Reza Karimi Mehrabadi Emad Roghanian shahnaz piroozfar Amir Abbas Shojaie -
Open Access Article
269 - Estimating multi-period global cost efficiency and productivity change of systems with network structures
S. Tohidnia G. Tohidi -
Open Access Article
270 - تاثیرات مثبت و منفی جهانی شدن بر اقتصاد و فرهنگ ایران
Habibollah Abolhassan Shirazi -
Open Access Article
271 - Post Covid-19: Restructuring of the World Order
Peu Ghosh Akshat Mehta -
Open Access Article
272 - The Dialectics of Globalization and the Rise of Populism: Selected Issues in Perspective
Oluwatobi Aje Yildom Dungse Felix Chidozie -
Open Access Article
273 - A Critical Reading of Neoliberalism from the Perspective of David Harvey
Seyed Ebrahim Alavi جلال درخشه hasan majidiBy discrediting the Keynesian versions, it gave way to return to the fundamental principles of liberalism and spurred economists who wanted to revive liberalism. Friedrich von Hayek played a special role in this way. Milton Friedman, the American economist of the Chicag MoreBy discrediting the Keynesian versions, it gave way to return to the fundamental principles of liberalism and spurred economists who wanted to revive liberalism. Friedrich von Hayek played a special role in this way. Milton Friedman, the American economist of the Chicago school, accompanied Hayek on this path. Unlike Keynes, both of them believed in reducing the role of the government in the economy and evaluated the market-oriented economy as the only way to achieve political and economic freedom. After some time, neoliberalism inspired by the theories of Hayek and Friedman was criticized by the opponents. As the critics of economic globalization see neoliberalism as responsible for the creation of a world that has brought a minority to fabulous wealth and has plunged a large part of human society into misery; And they think that neoliberalism shows itself all over the world with components such as the difficulty of living, the intensification of the class gap, the intensification of exploitation, etc. trends such as the class division of education and the deprivation of many people from health. As one of the most prominent critics of neoliberalism, David Harvey tried to show the important differences between liberal and neoliberal policies. He introduces neoliberalism as a deviant path to free employers, governments, and capitalists from the constraints on which liberalism was formed. Harvey emphasizes that neoliberalism is a political project that was keyed by the capitalist class in the late 60s and early 70s to curb the power of the working class, at a time when it felt strongly threatened by this class both politically and economically. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Globalization and its Impact on Modern Identity of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Jalil Fakhar Mohammadreza Dehshiri Massoud Motallebi Mohammad Kamalizadeh -
Open Access Article
275 - The Middle East and the Legitimate Government based on James Rosena's Theory of Chaos with an Emphasis on Iran
Reza Fazlali HosseinAli Nowzari Reza ShirzadiMan was created with problems and he overcame them with the cooperation of humans. The complexity of the problems caused people to establish social institutions such as government. But not only did it not solve the crises, but also added to their complexity. In this art MoreMan was created with problems and he overcame them with the cooperation of humans. The complexity of the problems caused people to establish social institutions such as government. But not only did it not solve the crises, but also added to their complexity. In this article, we tried to show with the help of the "chaos" model of "James Rosena" that the crises in the age of communication and globalization, which have disturbed the world order; It is the same as order, and it is the result of a series of actions with the variables of tyranny, monopoly, corruption, lack of efficient institutions, rent, weak and dependent governments, which is the reaction of chaos. Nations elect government leaders with collective participation to establish stability, prosperity, comfort, justice, security, distribution of resources, transparency, progress, democracy and stable human dignity; Otherwise, cooperation, participation, trust, legitimacy, initiative and creativity will decrease and cost, multipolarity and corruption will increase in the society. Can leaders earn trust? In a word, yes! With the hypothesis that bilateral cooperation and legitimacy should increase. The solution in honesty is to keep promises and be accountable; So that social trust and the relationship between the government and the nation return to the society. Citizens' trust in government and institutions is dynamic, changeable and cause and effect. The governments of the Middle East, such as Iran, are regulated in the framework of command and obedience, and demand and demand have no place in it. Therefore, the formation of a modern government is in an aura of uncertainty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Identity and Foreign Policy
Ebrahim Anoosheh -
Open Access Article
277 - Characteristics of Social Networks in the Theory and the Real World
Ali Mortazavian Farsani Hassan Yousefi -
Open Access Article
278 - The State of Iran's Economy in the Global Value Chain (1979 – 2018)
Balal Khalili Mir Ebrahim Sedigh Mohammad Mehdi Mirzaei -
Open Access Article
279 - Globalization Discourse, Justice, and Development Programs in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Hassan Abniki , Mohammad Javad Mousanejad -
Open Access Article
280 - The Relationship between Globalization and the Civil Society Developmentin Iran during the years 1997-2013 (with an emphasis on parties and press)
Hosseinali Nozari Samaneh Farsi -
Open Access Article
281 - Invitation and Truth in Global Relation from the Islamic Viewpoint
Alibeman Eghbali Zarch -
Open Access Article
282 - Effect of Globalization on National Sovereignty, Including the Role of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Ethnic Identity: (Turkmen Tribe in Golestan Province)
Mohammad Bagher Molaeifar Hassan Abniki Seyed Khodayar Mortazavi -
Open Access Article
283 - The Barriers of Democracy Development in Persian Gulf’s Arabic Countries in Globalization Era
Neda Golbon Soudabeh Mokhtari -
Open Access Article
284 - The Effects of the New Cold War on the Process Of Globalization
Seyed Motahareh Hosseini Taleb Ibrahimi Yousef Jafari -
Open Access Article
285 - Islamic Republic of Iran's Criminal Law Policy and Impact of the International Area
Parviz Mohammadnejad Mohsen Rahami Ali Najafi Tavana -
Open Access Article
286 - New Science and Technology in Line with Terrorist Groups in the Middle East
Abdolssamad khosravi Ali Mohammad Haghighi -
Open Access Article
287 - Investigate the effect of globalization on Iranian political culture
Ali akbai Talebi Matin Esmaeil Kavousi Abbasali GhayoumiThe aim of the current applied, descriptive and correlational study was to investigate the effect of globalization on Iranian political culture. The research population comprised 35000 students in Islamic Azad University North Tehran Branch out of whom a sample 384 was MoreThe aim of the current applied, descriptive and correlational study was to investigate the effect of globalization on Iranian political culture. The research population comprised 35000 students in Islamic Azad University North Tehran Branch out of whom a sample 384 was randomly selected, based on Morgan Table, to participate in the study. The research data were collected using a researcher-made five-point level Likert scale questionnaire comprising 3 factors and 44 items tapping the participants’ responses were. Therefore, 400 questionnaires were distributed among members of the target population. Having distributed and collected the questionnaires, we analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Descriptively, features like absolute and relative frequency, mean, standard deviation and variance of background and main variables were estimated. Inferentially, correlational tests, multiple regression and spirman used indicated that cultural globalization, political globalization and economical globalization had a significant effect on Iranian political culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - The challenges of Applying Global Jurisdiction in Dealing with Cyber Terrorism
Hasan MovassaghiUndoubtedly, one of the crimes that threatens the peace and internal security of countries and the international community in a mysterious and widespread way is the crime of terrorism, which has caused deep concern for almost all the nations and states of the world, and MoreUndoubtedly, one of the crimes that threatens the peace and internal security of countries and the international community in a mysterious and widespread way is the crime of terrorism, which has caused deep concern for almost all the nations and states of the world, and dealing with it as a Erga Omnes obligation Inclusion is demanded from all countries and because some Countries do not have the experience of threats and terrorist attacks, they have no desire and inclination to cooperate with the international community to eliminate the crime of terrorism And this seemingly simple issue has caused the continuation of terrorist attacks in the world. In this research, we will deal with the obstacles of applying the principle of universal jurisdiction in the fight against terrorism and we will provide guidelines for its acceptance and application. The research method in this article is descriptive and comparative, and the findings of the research show that the governments act completely monopolistically in the field of jurisdiction of the domestic courts, and it does not go too far to exercise global jurisdiction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Globalization and Financial Markets: Evidence from Selected Developing and Development Countries
Seyed Ali Paytakht Oskooee Mohsen ZayanderoodiThe formation of global markets through the process of globalization has alwaysbeen one of the main concerns of economic experts in the world. In fact, in theefficient economic markets, this relationship is wider every day, and the situation isthe way that the expansion MoreThe formation of global markets through the process of globalization has alwaysbeen one of the main concerns of economic experts in the world. In fact, in theefficient economic markets, this relationship is wider every day, and the situation isthe way that the expansion of globalization as an economic accelerator can lead tothe growth of the economic sectors of the countries. The purpose of this paper is todetermine the effect of globalization index on financial markets (money and capitalmarkets). To this end, 10 selected developing countries and 15 developed countrieswere reviewed during the period from 2001 to 2020. In order to estimate the effectsof variables, the panel's cointegration technique with Auto Regressive DistributedLag was used. The results of the estimates indicate that the effect of theglobalization index combination on the indicators of money market (bankingfacilities) and capital market (value of equity shares) is positive. On this basis, it canbe noted that globalization can provide spaces for the development of money andcapital markets in the studied countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Identifying the challenges of border development in Iranian sports organizations
یییی یییی یی ییی سیدصلاح الدین نقشبندی محمد جلیلوند AbstractThe present study was designed and conducted to identify the challenges of border development in Iranian sports organizations. In terms of applied purpose, the present study was a descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method, which was mixed More AbstractThe present study was designed and conducted to identify the challenges of border development in Iranian sports organizations. In terms of applied purpose, the present study was a descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method, which was mixed based on the research approach. The statistical population of the qualitative part of this research consisted of elites and experts in the field of management aware of the subject of the research and in the quantitative part; the statistical population also included the president, vice president and secretary of sports federations. The tools of the present study included questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Open and axial coding was used to examine the data of the qualitative part and the structural equation method was used in the quantitative part. The whole process of data analysis was performed in SPSS software version 20 and Smart PLS version 2. The results of the present study showed that the challenges of border development in Iranian sports organizations include four general components: individual, organizational, international and infrastructure, of which organizational factors are more important. Also, the results of the present study showed that the research model has a good fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Investigation of adaptation and consistency between strategies of endogenous and exogenous economical development with goals of non – aligned movement (with emphasis on globalization )
Taghi Torabi Smaneh TarighiIn this paper, after a short review on goals and how of non – aligned movement as a type of regional and or ideological political - economical convergence, strategies of economical development are investigated from theoretical view and then exper MoreIn this paper, after a short review on goals and how of non – aligned movement as a type of regional and or ideological political - economical convergence, strategies of economical development are investigated from theoretical view and then experiential and from view of endogenous and exogenous economical development views. In view of whether exogenous economical view relies on increase of international interactions, competitive mechanisms, supply and demand and slogan of self – reliance against endogenous economical view on solitude and reduction of international interactions, exclusive and governmental mechanism and slogan of self - sufficiency, political recommendations of economical development of non – aligned countries are discussed based on these two views and a role is emphasized that this group of countries plays it in help to process of globalization on one hand, and help to their economical development. Important point is that since in conceptual nature of on – aligned movement, a type of strategy of non – commitment and tendency to independence and no dependence to the east and the west is hidden, they should be careful of an eccentricity force that can keep them distance from tendency to economical convergence and participation in process of globalization and in light of suitable economical strategies, they take action to increase joint economical stamina of collection of the movement and they use their ability in field of current of capital, production and business exchanges with a double and heavier weight in process of globalization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - THe effect of Globalization on technical efficiency of pharmaceutical products in Iran
Sahar. Shokri Oranus. Parivar Bijan. SafaviAs it seems inevitable for all countries to get involved in world economy.on one hand,expanded needs and necessities,and on the other hand specialized production have caused no country could pace in isolation.The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of globalizat MoreAs it seems inevitable for all countries to get involved in world economy.on one hand,expanded needs and necessities,and on the other hand specialized production have caused no country could pace in isolation.The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of globalization on technical efficiency of pharmaceutical products in Iran.In order to consider that,Cobb-Douglas and frontier production function with econometrics approach,Corrected ordinary Least Square(COLS),is used.The results reveal that the integration of intemational Trade(ITT) as the globalization has no effect on technical efficiency of pharmaceutical products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - ترجمه خبر و مترجمان خبر
پرستو دری منش سید وحید عقیلی فردوس آقا گل زاده -
Open Access Article
294 - مرحله جهانی سازی: جایگزینی برای توسعه قابل درک در ترجمه های ادبی
Zahra Reyhani Monfared -
Open Access Article
295 - An Evaluative Case Study Of The Unicef Global Education Project In Iran
Mehdi Mahdavinia -
Open Access Article
296 - ترجمه خبر و مترجمان خبر
Parastu Dorrimanesh Seyed Vahid Aqili Ferdows Aghagolzadehاین مقاله به بررسی فرآیند ترجمه خبر، نقش مترجمان خبری در این فرآیند و مهارت ها، دانش و ویژگی های ضروری برای آنها با هدف ایجاد درک ماهیت ترجمه خبر می پردازد. علاوه بر این، بررسی می کندکه آیا دوره های دانشگاهی ترجمه اخبار به طور مناسب و مطابق با نیازهای این حرفه طراحی و ا Moreاین مقاله به بررسی فرآیند ترجمه خبر، نقش مترجمان خبری در این فرآیند و مهارت ها، دانش و ویژگی های ضروری برای آنها با هدف ایجاد درک ماهیت ترجمه خبر می پردازد. علاوه بر این، بررسی می کندکه آیا دوره های دانشگاهی ترجمه اخبار به طور مناسب و مطابق با نیازهای این حرفه طراحی و ارائه می شوند یا خیر. برای دستیابی به این هدف، از 12 خبرنگار-مترجم که برای هشت خبرگزاری در ایران کار می کنند، به منظور شرکت در این مطالعه دعوت شد. از طریق مصاحبه های عمیق و پرسشنامه در مقیاس لیکرت، سوالاتی از مصاحبه شوندگان پرسیده شد که پاسخ آنها نشان می داد فرآیند ترجمه خبر شامل پنج مرحله اصلی است که بین خبرگزاری ها تا حد زیادی مشترک است. اما این که افرادی که نقش اساسی را ایفا میکنند چه کسانی هستند، بین مراحل کار چه اتفاقی می افتد و مترجمان خبری در این فرآیند چه جایگاهی دارند، همه به سیاست های خبرگزاری و مهارت های مترجمان بستگی دارد. مصاحبه شوندگان مجموعاً 31 ویژگی را به عنوان ویژگی های ضروری مترجمان خبری توانمند شناسایی کردند. در نهایت، کارشناسان در مورد برنامه های دانشگاهی مرتبط، نظر منفی یکسانی داشتند و معتقد بودند که برنامه ها نیاز به بازنگری اساسی دارند. انتظار میرود که بررسی این مسائل باعث روشنشدن برخی از جنبههای نادیده گرفته شده در تولید خبر شود و به تدوین برنامههای درسی ترجمه خبر و طراحی دروس مرتبط در دانشکدههای روزنامهنگاری و رسانهها کمک سازنده ای کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - The globalization of human rights standards and its effects in Iran's legal system
shabodin qasemi zeinab poor Khaghan Shah Rezaei leila raisiField and Aims: The impact of international laws on the normative system of internal laws of countries, especially in the field of law, is one of the interdisciplinary and important issues that is the subject of debate and challenge today. In the internal legal system, MoreField and Aims: The impact of international laws on the normative system of internal laws of countries, especially in the field of law, is one of the interdisciplinary and important issues that is the subject of debate and challenge today. In the internal legal system, obstacles such as giving authenticity to cultural relativism and favoring a specific culture and legal system are an obstacle in this way, that is, the influence of international laws and regulations on the field of domestic law. Different parts of a coherent legal and judicial system, as they exist in internal law, can also be seen in the international law system in a different way. In Iran's legal system, many values of international law have been effective on the approval and change of procedural and substantive laws.Method: The research method is descriptive and analytical.Finding and Conclusion: The main research question is what are the effects of the globalization of human rights on Iran's legal system? The author's hypothesis is that the components of human rights have found a global form as norms of international law. And although it could not affect the constitution It has affected the internal system and especially the human rights of the countries It has affected the internal system and especially the human rights of the countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Protective rules for the transfer of technology and intellectual property in international trade
mina sheikh touba sadeghi ebrahim taqizadehField and Aims: Currently, technology has expanded so much that without a doubt, its access and development indicators have become one of the necessities of human societies, that is why the transfer of technology in international trade is considered one of the important MoreField and Aims: Currently, technology has expanded so much that without a doubt, its access and development indicators have become one of the necessities of human societies, that is why the transfer of technology in international trade is considered one of the important necessities, and knowing the goals, methods the way of transfer, influential issues and its support are very important.Method: The present research was carried out with a descriptive analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: The results of this research show that the protective rules of intellectual property facilitate the process of technology transfer in the field of international trade. In this field, there are many models, agreements, treaties, etc. Which of them is of great importance globally. However, the initial agreements presented lacked the protective aspects of intellectual property and prioritized other factors effective in attracting foreign investment and technology. But newer models focus on strengthening aspects of intellectual property. protection and rely on removing other barriers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - The International Obligations and Responsibility of States for Access to Treatment and Vaccines for Emerging Global Diseases; Study Case: Covid-19
shahin Mozaheri Jebeli mohsen mohebi mohamadreza alipoorField and Aims: International responsibility, as one of the most basic international legal institutions, creates rights and obligations for members of the international community, especially governments, which provides the basis for the establishment of the rule of law MoreField and Aims: International responsibility, as one of the most basic international legal institutions, creates rights and obligations for members of the international community, especially governments, which provides the basis for the establishment of the rule of law in the international community. In this regard, he first discussed the nature of human rights, the right to access medicine and vaccines, and examined the obligations and role of international community cooperation in dealing with and controlling global diseases, including Covid-19, and then examined the international responsibility of governments towards Violation of obligations related to access to treatment and vaccines for global diseases for people under their sovereign authority has been discussed and subsequently the international responsibility of governments in the field of dealing with newly emerging diseases, including Covid-19, is discussed. Method: The present research has been scrutinized, analyzed, and investigated using a descriptive and analytical method based on documentary studies with a survey tool. Findings and Conclusion: International Health Regulations (2005) along with some rules of the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (1994), the core of the obligations between international organization of governments to control and deal with global diseases, including covid-19, and on the other hand, paying attention to the importance of the cooperation of governments in dealing with global diseases, commitment It is against the international community and neglect and negligence on the part of the governments in this field, including treatment, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - Limited Activists, unlimited activities; (Investigating the role and performance of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Confrontation with the global crisis of the Corona virus)
soheila yousefi hassan soleimaniField and Aims: international non-governmental organizations are among the active actors in various fields of international law in all world scenes, which have played useful and effective roles so far. During the outbreak of Covid-19, these organizations, relying on the MoreField and Aims: international non-governmental organizations are among the active actors in various fields of international law in all world scenes, which have played useful and effective roles so far. During the outbreak of Covid-19, these organizations, relying on the international principle of cooperation among the members of the world community, despite having a guarantee of implementation and a binding institution, have important effects and many functions in the social, cultural, health, economic and even political fields. They have faced this epidemic and in convergence with other international actors. Examining the dimensions, functioning and influence of these international activists is a subject that has been analyzed in this research and is one of the goals of this research.Method: The present research was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: Despite the lack of recognition and valuing of the role of international non-governmental organizations, these limited activists of the international arena have done unlimited activities to help solve global problems, including this epidemic, and it will not be exaggerated. If we consider its results to be praiseworthy. By entering the health, cultural, social and economic fields and influencing the procedures of governments and international organizations and reforming them in different ways, in the fields of preventing and controlling the epidemic of Covid-19 and reducing its harmful effects even in the post-corona period From identifying problems to consensus and exchanging opinions and implementing agreed plans, they are trying to save the world from this devastating disaster and somehow prove the benefits of their existence and presence and show off their abilities to the world community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - Examining the concept of global administrative law
محمد وارستهDiscussions related to global administrative law have created new perspectives in law and have unexpectedly increased researches related to administrative law. Global administrative law is generally concerned with the emergence and evolution of the global administrative MoreDiscussions related to global administrative law have created new perspectives in law and have unexpectedly increased researches related to administrative law. Global administrative law is generally concerned with the emergence and evolution of the global administrative space and the enormous power of governments, international organizations and other functions that are emerging, and therefore to researches related to the legal principles of organizational composition and arrangement. It helps in global governance. Basically, universal administrative law seeks to set overarching universal standards. These standards are formed based on the principles of transparency, accountability and participation, and along with other legal components such as the rule of law and human rights, they limit the global power of international institutions and also create a model for domestic laws. Global administrative law is actually a result of the developments of the international community and the emergence of transnational administrative institutions, and with the same classical goal of administrative law, which is to restrain, control and monitor the performance of transnational administrative organizations and authorities. In addition to this classic concern, the issue of empowerment, efficiency and effectiveness of the administration, which is raised in the field of modern administrative law, with concepts such as the rule of law, transparency, good administration, etc., is also the subject of attention and investigation of global administrative law. In this article, while examining the concept and features of global administrative law, the causes of its emergence will be studied and investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - بررسی تأثیر نرخ ارز واقعی بر صادرات غیر نفتی ایران
سعید دایی کریم زاده قدرت اله امام وردی افسانه شایسته -
Open Access Article
303 - Requirements of theory of derivations in political philosophy and global peace
Rohallah Modami Mosa MalayeriSince Allameh Tabatabai designed firstly the theory of derivation purposing to protect the rational identity of a part of human knowledge confirming that human knowledge is not at all the result of his livelihood. Therefore this theory quickly showed its impact on the r MoreSince Allameh Tabatabai designed firstly the theory of derivation purposing to protect the rational identity of a part of human knowledge confirming that human knowledge is not at all the result of his livelihood. Therefore this theory quickly showed its impact on the realm of moral philosophy. Recently, there are some attempts to establish philosophy of culture on the basis of this theory. This article addresses the theory of abstraction and its application in the political philosophy and global peace. Finally, it suggests that the theory provides an important basis to establish a kind of political philosophy and global peace by regarding ethics, religion, culture and language as derivative affairs. It will be able to reduce the strength and intensity of conflict on ethnic and cultural affairs and facilitate peace and stability and ethnic coexistence. All of these cannot be achieved except by a profound consideration of the epistemological nature of religion, culture and morality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - The ambiguities of International Humanitarian Law application on World War against Terrorism
Mahdi Heydarifard Ali Pour Ghassab Amirithe entry of non-governmental Emtities is one of the important indicators of contemporary wars that causes unbalanced structure of conflicts. In recent decades, rapid advances in weapons technology increased the gap between the warring parties in terms of military capab Morethe entry of non-governmental Emtities is one of the important indicators of contemporary wars that causes unbalanced structure of conflicts. In recent decades, rapid advances in weapons technology increased the gap between the warring parties in terms of military capabilities, the upsetting of the balance of power and divided them into strong and weak. As a result we have witnessed the innovation of Asymmetric, Non-structured war methods based on Unconventional using ofArmed tools and tactics, such as resorting to terrorist acts. The emergence of these methods has expanded the scope of military conflict to civil society and reduced the complience of the parties to basic principles of international humanitarian law as the only legal means to protect the lives of civilians and propert against military attacks. in the nature of today's wars and the shift to non-governmental conflicts with ethnic, religious and identity goals has led to the development of the battlefield and the entry of civilians as fighters, which has greatly blurred the line between military and civilian. Finally, the lack of international consensus on the definition of terrorism and its examples, the political approach of countries and sometimes,Hiring of terrorist groups, the monopoly of the application of humanitarian law principles on war situations while some terrorist acts take place outside the battlefield. .. are some of the factors that have intensified this challenge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - iran's tourism development strategy in the era of globalization and its consequences
mohammadreza lanjani MAHDI motaharnia mohammad torabiTourism is the world's largest industry, accounting for more than a third of the total value of the global service trade. Global tourism can be considered as a potential strategic factor for economic growth. The tourism industry in Iran, despite having many attractions, MoreTourism is the world's largest industry, accounting for more than a third of the total value of the global service trade. Global tourism can be considered as a potential strategic factor for economic growth. The tourism industry in Iran, despite having many attractions, plays a very small role in the country's economy. At the same time, globalization through demarcation, facilitation of traffic regulations, and improvement of transportation and communications can be very effective in increasing international tourism and the evolution of this industry. The authors believe that the security and political tensions in the host society, historical and cultural attractions and cultural conflicts between the host society and the origin are among the determining factors in the field of tourism in the age of globalization. Of course, the effects of computer technology in the field of travel, accommodation and transportation costs and the amount of tourism-related advertising in the host community should never be neglected in order to attract international tourists. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method while analyzing the current situation of tourism in Iran, the form and situation of tourism in the era of globalization. The results of the research indicate that the government should provide the ground for private sector and foreign investors to invest in the development of tourism infrastructure and provide the necessary security for foreign travelers and make it easier for them to enter the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - The position of environmental security concept in international and global security
Seyed Amin Habibi Daydokht Sadeghi Haghighi Kayhan BarzegarThe crisis of climate change is a new threat to humanity, which has led to the emergence of the concept of environmental security. Historical and technological developments, as well as the process of globalization, have led to the emergence of the concept of global secu MoreThe crisis of climate change is a new threat to humanity, which has led to the emergence of the concept of environmental security. Historical and technological developments, as well as the process of globalization, have led to the emergence of the concept of global security versus international security. each of the two concepts of international and global security have a different attitude towards the issue of the environment. Differences in identifying the type of security issues, diversity in security elements, differences in attitude towards threat and anti-threat factors. It is possible to explain more practical why and how these distinctions are made in international security with the help of rationalist approach and liberalism theories, as well as in global security with the help of normative approach and constructive theory. diversity in decision-making and adoption of strategies in global politics regarding the climate-changes, caused by the distinction in the position of environmental security in each of the two macro-security approaches in international relations. This research aims to achieve a practical definition of each of these concepts by explaining the semantic boundaries of international and global security with environmental security, international and global to formulate the concept of environmental security, so that he can answer his main question: what is the position of environmental security in international and global security? Answered, and to prove his hypothesis based on the ontological connection of global security with environmental security and the marginality of environmental security in security issues in international security, pay. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on International Security
Masoud AKHAVAN KAZEMI Tayebeh Sadat Hoseini Fereshteh BahramipoorToday, environmental concerns, has become a serious security question in international relations and created a major inquietude for statesmen and policy makers. Since environmental problems caused by climate change are becoming more serious, it would transform to an inf MoreToday, environmental concerns, has become a serious security question in international relations and created a major inquietude for statesmen and policy makers. Since environmental problems caused by climate change are becoming more serious, it would transform to an influential variable in internal or international conflicts. Climate changes not only destroy human natural habitats but also disrupt social arrangements and increase the likelihood of violent conflicts and endanger peace and international security and affect the environmental justice. The aim of this study is to identify threats and environmental factors resulting from climate changes and analyze their effects on peace and security in the international system. The findings of this study suggest that future climate changes have un undeniable impact on national integration of societies and on the peace and stable security in the international system and will cause the new types of disputes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - SAARC and Its Effect on Regionalism
Mohammad Javadi Aghajari Siminsadat RostamifarAbstract Founded in 1985, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is a regional organization that comprises of eight countries namely India, Pakistan, Seri Lanka, Nepal, Maldives, Bhutan, and Afghanistan. Based on its charter, the key objectives are def MoreAbstract Founded in 1985, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is a regional organization that comprises of eight countries namely India, Pakistan, Seri Lanka, Nepal, Maldives, Bhutan, and Afghanistan. Based on its charter, the key objectives are defined in the following terms: promotion of people welfare and quality of life; acceleration of economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region; appreciation of mutual trust and understanding; promotion of active collaboration and mutual assistance in the economic, social, cultural, technical and scientific fields; strengthening the cooperation among the member countries in international forums on matters of common interest; and to cooperate with international and regional organizations with similar aims and purposes; and so on. Nevertheless, despite its organizing principles and sublime purposes, there have been several diverging issues within the associated region: territorial disputes (India and Pakistan or Afghanistan and Pakistan), interference of global powers, asymmetric power structure, interior instability within member states, and the strategic situation of South East Asia has posed problems on the realization of convergence and regionalism reflected in the SAARC agreements. The main question is what are the major effects of SAARC agreements in regionalism? This paper attempts to analyze such an agreements in terms of regional arrangements Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - The Impact of Information Technology on the World Stage of Dialogue between Cultures in the Persian Gulf States
Tahereh EbrahimifarAbstract Globalization is a complex phenomenon that brings a new form of so cialrelations while at the sametime causing it sownlimitations .Although the west is the major ben eficiary of in for mationtechnologies of globalization, it seems that the majority of peopleind MoreAbstract Globalization is a complex phenomenon that brings a new form of so cialrelations while at the sametime causing it sownlimitations .Although the west is the major ben eficiary of in for mationtechnologies of globalization, it seems that the majority of peopleindifferentpartsoftheworld, especially in the Persian Gulf,havenot benefited in spite of numerous development programs and in ternationalhuman rightsinstrument and in creasing concern a bout the raise of possibility off air coexistence on the national and trans-nationallevels. Thislimitationisbasically theresultoftheuneven distribution of information technologies and unequalsocialrelations between governments of the regionon oneside and governmentsand thepeople on the other. Byconsideration of then ewpremises of globalization under the information technologies and taking into account that the potentialoftechnologyincreasesthe potential fordialogue, this paper tries toanswerthefollowingquestion: towhat extentcanwe expectthepossibility of establishingafair dialogue in the Persian Gulf on thebasis ofmutual understanding? Theintention ofthispaper istoexamine theeffect ofinformation technologies on the culturaldialoguesin the Persian Gulfregion with in the context of globalization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - The Relation between Extroverted/Introverted Foreign Policy and the Rise and Fall of World Hegemons
Mojtaba Touiserkani Abumohammad AsgarkhaniAlthough the patterns of emergence and decline of the powers are recurred for centuries, surprisingly there are no clear evidences to answer the question of what are the causes for rise and fall of powers. The efforts made to date to order the patterns of rise and fall MoreAlthough the patterns of emergence and decline of the powers are recurred for centuries, surprisingly there are no clear evidences to answer the question of what are the causes for rise and fall of powers. The efforts made to date to order the patterns of rise and fall of world powers have created a close link between the periodic patterns of emergence (and decline) of world orders with the cycles of rise (and fall) of global hegemons, which both are severely influenced by the waves of global wars. Utilizing the literature on this field and introducing new concepts such as introversion (seeking for internal power resources) and extroversion (introversion + seeking for external power resources beyond the borders), this essay is to test this hypothesis that “achieving the status of global hegemony by a super power requires the adoption of an introvertist approach until deployed hegemony enters into a decline period and subsequently transition into an extrovertist approach. On the other hand, taking on an introvertist approach by the deployed hegemon will abridge the hegemonic cycle and leads to the decline of the hegemon”. This research is exploratory in nature. To analyze the collected data, this study uses the causal or post-event method. Findings of the study confirm the above hypothesis and draw the conclusion that although there is no desertion of the recurrence of the hegemonic cycle and the global order, the length of a hegemonic cycle is subject to the pursuit of an extrovertist approach by the hegemon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - International Approaches to theClash or Dialogue of Civilizations In the Light of the Impact of Globalization
Ahmad HakimipourWith the breakdown of the Soviet Union and its collapse which interpreted as the defeat of communism and also the defeatof credibility ofWestern theories and aftermaththe Cold Warended.Followingtheideas ofvariouspolitical theories and in orderto explain thesituationchan MoreWith the breakdown of the Soviet Union and its collapse which interpreted as the defeat of communism and also the defeatof credibility ofWestern theories and aftermaththe Cold Warended.Followingtheideas ofvariouspolitical theories and in orderto explain thesituationchangedandthe newinternational andglobal changemonitoringprocessemerge.The analysisofferedbythe new situation,allofthiswasthestarting point that theSoviet collapsemeantthe Western victory.Amonganalysispresented,twotheorieshaveattractedmore attention:Onetheorywasoptimistic by Francis Fukuyamathat considered futuremilitaryunipolarworlddominated by theliberal democracies ofthe West andthe secondtheory belongedtoHuntingtonthat believednew world has achieved to a stagewhere nocountriesandpolicymakers, butcivilizationandculturemakerswill be as key players.Huntington'stheoryis thatbythe end ofthe Cold Wareraideologicalbattleendsand a new erabegins as themainconflict is betweencivilizations.Althoughhistheoryabout manyimportant issues in the worldis notresponding,but formany events, such ascivil war inYugoslavia,the rise ofreligious fundamentalism, civil strife in Russia,businessescalation between AmericaandJapan, etc.has shownaremarkable ability. Americansforarchitecture"new order" and "world leader" in the"post-Soviet" done a lot ofeffortandhighcostswerealsoincurred.Theories such as "new internationalorder", "end of history" andor"clash of civilizations" can be studied andanalysedinthispaper.The paper alsodiscussestheglobal situationafter the Cold War. In this study, on the one handglobal trendsin the post-Cold War, deals especially afterSeptember elevenand on the other side,theoriesto explainthesituationanalysisiscritical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - Trump's Middle East Policy; A Case Study: the Syrian crisis and American missile attack
Amir sajediThe Trump's foreign policy towards the Middle East has been criticized by many governments over the past year. The Trump's racist policies, the removal of the United States from the Paris pact, the missile attack on the Syrian air base, the threat of getting out from Co MoreThe Trump's foreign policy towards the Middle East has been criticized by many governments over the past year. The Trump's racist policies, the removal of the United States from the Paris pact, the missile attack on the Syrian air base, the threat of getting out from Comprehensive Joint Action Program , the transfer of the US embassy to Jerusalem, all reflect his different foreign policy from its predecessor (Obama). This kind of Trump foreign policy is due to his unusual behavior and personality. Six years after the onset of the conflict in Syria with the ensuing stalemate we had slowly moved to a possibility of a negotiated settlement through discussions which were inconclusive but however ongoing. The unilateral missile attack order by President Trump on the Al-Shaeirat airbase, led the armed group opposing the Assad regime to show less desire to engage in peace discussion. Our main concern in this paper is to analysis the change of tactics by the new U.S. president and there cause thereof. We hold that the private lives of the politicians, their education, their political history, the formative experiences of their public life, their physical, and mental health affects their personal and public decisions. The changed positions of Trump and his ensuing policy show the desire of his administration to rest on the American military superiority and its will to renew the era of the US adventurism in hot spot such as the Middle East. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - European Union's Relations with Emerging Powers, Challenges and Conflicts
Mohammadreza majidi Alireza SamudiAbstract BRIC (consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China) was first introduced in 2001 by Jim O'Neill. The purpose of this action also refer to existing capabilities in economies such as Brazil, Russia, India and China will play a role in the global arena, because the MoreAbstract BRIC (consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China) was first introduced in 2001 by Jim O'Neill. The purpose of this action also refer to existing capabilities in economies such as Brazil, Russia, India and China will play a role in the global arena, because these states had been successful in recent years with the organization closer to its positions and views on the successes achieved in the international arena and its economic power to the political lever. In the past decade, these powers has relied on their economic powers in calling for stronger and more influential role in the international financial and monetary policy. On the other hand, the European Uunion as the second economic power due to economic crisis involved with a wide range of challenges and attempted to maintain its position in the international arena to face the emerging powers. Indeed, Brussels is in competition with members of Brix in areas such as global governance and the role of the international system. This paper attempts to analyze European Union's relations with emerging powers of BRIC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - The Globalization of Culture and Its Effect on Iranian National Identity
Esmaiel Baibordi Alireza KarimiAbstract The presence of the different ethnic groups in the ancient society of Iran has caused the cultural and social exchange throughout history. Because Iran is a multi-ethnic country, the continuity and survival of the identity of Iranian culture throughout history MoreAbstract The presence of the different ethnic groups in the ancient society of Iran has caused the cultural and social exchange throughout history. Because Iran is a multi-ethnic country, the continuity and survival of the identity of Iranian culture throughout history owes a lot to different ethnic groups like Kurds, Azeris, Lors, Beluches, Torkamans, Arabs and Fars. Considering the liveliness of Iranian culture and the social cultural changes in Iran in recent decades, the people of Iran have found a more comprehensive understanding of the world, world culture and their Iranian culture. This recognition and awareness have not been without effect from the internal and external world. The theory that as a result of globalization, we will witness growth and development of ethnic identities and consequently also witness the challenging of national identity in Iran, theoretically and practically cannot be supported considerably. Because in parallel to the process of globalization and fro recognition of the type of connection between Iranian culture and world culture. We can suppose that it is not the separation and distinction of the cultures that do matter but rather the connectivity and interaction of them. Considering this supposition, the most important background for the spread of the universal spirit and globalized inclinations in the Iranian identity can be seen in its historical origin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - The Globalization of Culture and Its Effect on Iranian National Identity
AhmadReza KhazaieAbstract The presence of the different ethnic groups in the ancient society of Iran has caused the cultural and social exchange throughout history. Because Iran is a multi-ethnic country, the continuity and survival of the identity of Iranian culture throughout history MoreAbstract The presence of the different ethnic groups in the ancient society of Iran has caused the cultural and social exchange throughout history. Because Iran is a multi-ethnic country, the continuity and survival of the identity of Iranian culture throughout history owes a lot to different ethnic groups like Kurds, Azeris, Lors, Beluches, Torkamans, Arabs and Fars. Considering the liveliness of Iranian culture and the social cultural changes in Iran in recent decades, the people of Iran have found a more comprehensive understanding of the world, world culture and their Iranian culture. This recognition and awareness have not been without effect from the internal and external world. The theory that as a result of globalization, we will witness growth and development of ethnic identities and consequently also witness the challenging of national identity in Iran, theoretically and practically cannot be supported considerably. Because in parallel to the process of globalization and fro recognition of the type of connection between Iranian culture and world culture. We can suppose that it is not the separation and distinction of the cultures that do matter but rather the connectivity and interaction of them. Considering this supposition, the most important background for the spread of the universal spirit and globalized inclinations in the Iranian identity can be seen in its historical origin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - Globalization of religion in the quantum mechanics model of international politics
mohammad mahmoodikia Arsalan Ghorbani ShaykhneshinWith the escalation of the globalization process and, consequently, the increasing growth in the number and diversity of international actors, we are witnessing the emergence of a new pattern in the world politics that is distinct from traditional approach of internatio MoreWith the escalation of the globalization process and, consequently, the increasing growth in the number and diversity of international actors, we are witnessing the emergence of a new pattern in the world politics that is distinct from traditional approach of international relations, and on contrary, it shares many similarities to the quantum model of international politics. As the other rules of classical international politics do not have to proper explanatory capacity for the events the international system, it is inevitably necessary to apply a new pattern of global politics, which is referred to as the quantum model of international politics. In the light of the revival of religion, it has been called today as an important actor in the field of global events.This research seeks to examine the role of religion in the quantum model of international politics. Accordingly, the finding of this study is that today, semantic factors and especially religion, are one of the most important factors affecting the formation of identity and, consequently, the interests of the actors of the international system, and it is therefore necessary to correctly identify its internal logic. This research addresses religion as one of the important elements of the quantum mechanics model of international politics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - Russia and America's Foreign Policy toward the Syrian Crisis
Garineh keshishyan Siamak SaiyarAbstract Globalization is the major difference between today and previous era. Having an international economy which is sign of globalization could have a significant impact in expanding technology and transferring it to other developing countries which in turn resultin MoreAbstract Globalization is the major difference between today and previous era. Having an international economy which is sign of globalization could have a significant impact in expanding technology and transferring it to other developing countries which in turn resulting in asset and financial exchanges. An indication of globalized economy is perceived in efforts of international companies to elaborate and expand their transactions in order to connect their economy and countries where removing legal barriers lead to free economy. The geo-economical position of Iran in south west Asia as an energy distributor and its role could be regarded as a ring in international economy for effective investment in the region. Therefore, by establishing economic fundamentals, improving the production and enhancing oil industry and its connected enterprises growth of economy takes place. Without no doubt parameters such as contribution in distribution, developing technology, transferring resources, improving GDP and growth of other factors of development will move Iran’s economy toward a dynamic one. In this article, the effect of economy globalization in south west Asia with respect to Iran’s Geo-economical position was studied where converging approach was applied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - The World Customs Organization with Implication of Obstacles of Iran Facing this Organization
Ali Tabatabaee Abbas SabetiAbstract The world customs organization was established with customs committee taken from trade and tariff general agreement in 1947, changed to customs council in 1952 and finally to the world customs organization in 1994 as a global and international institute. This MoreAbstract The world customs organization was established with customs committee taken from trade and tariff general agreement in 1947, changed to customs council in 1952 and finally to the world customs organization in 1994 as a global and international institute. This organization has 162 members at the time being and it is the only authorized reference for the customs affairs in the world. Iran was accepted as the official member of this organization and despite of existing challenges in the political and economic parts originated from its infrastructure, in the way of achieving of interests and advantages of this organization could not achieve to its best goals and purposes. Due to elimination of physical borders, the international organizations affects in achieving the national interest and also the role of global trade in national economics and countries development is much highlighted. Due to Iran regional and geographical advantages, Iran active presence necessity in the regional and international trade cooperation organization and access to the world up-dated science and technology for the country preservation has come to the surface and role of customs gets more essential and sensitive, so rebuilding and mechanizing of the customs and creating the electronic trade and single window method of customs formalities could prevent the time killing and creating a secure space for creating trade competitive markets and attracting the regional foreign investments. In this paper, it is tried some of Iran facing challenges in this organization in the political and economical parts and existing legal obstacles would be mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - Delivery of constructivist theory from international relations to political science topics
Majid Hosseini Sayadnavard mohammadreza mayeliA common feature among constructivists is the attention to the formative and structured relationship between structure and agent. Now the question is whether it is possible to use the components and research variables of constructivist theory in the field of internal st MoreA common feature among constructivists is the attention to the formative and structured relationship between structure and agent. Now the question is whether it is possible to use the components and research variables of constructivist theory in the field of internal studies of a country and in the field of political science? On the other hand, considering that the main sources of ontology and epistemology of constructivism in the field of international relations research are in the fields of sociology, psychology and philosophy of science, it is possible that among the various branches of constructivism, total constructivism Used orientalism in explaining the internal issues of a country and in this way the nature and continuity of power relations; Identity sources of domestic and foreign policy; The role of identity components in daily life and popular beliefs and political culture; Investigating power relations based on identity and cultural components; The role of media, social networks and globalization in daily life, political beliefs and governance in a country; Examining the sources of sustained legitimacy of a political, formative and structured system of relations between the structure and the agent in a country; Can be considered as the most important fields of research in political science based on constructivist theory. Due to the fundamental and at the same time practical purpose of the research subject, the methodology of the research is interpretive and interpretive in which in order to answer the main question of the hypothesis, the library, documentary and historical research methods are inductive, comparative and in Some interrogative cases are used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - Formation of ISIS at the center of Globalization
Mohammadreza HatamiRise of terrorism group in the Middle East shows a new chapter in security problems in region. The faster act of spreading ISIS in Iraq and Syria explain this point that terrorism movement isn’t tradition form but inexpert is globalization process and relation sys MoreRise of terrorism group in the Middle East shows a new chapter in security problems in region. The faster act of spreading ISIS in Iraq and Syria explain this point that terrorism movement isn’t tradition form but inexpert is globalization process and relation system. The main question is that how do globalization cause growth ISIS. Hypothesis is that globalization process agency creation relation system and reduces influence of state cause rise ISIS. This research using descriptive and analytical methods and the use of authentic documents and social identity approach to this conclusion that open communication system in addition to increasing social consciousness to the formation of a new anti-government entities in the region that ISIS also taking advantage of this opportunity and weaken governments emerged. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Globalization and National Identity of Iran
seyed mohammadreza mousavi seyed mostafa abtahi masoud motalebi bahram bayatNowadays, the complex issue of identity, with the emergence of the modern world and the emergence of new ones and the destruction of former ones, become one of the intellectual concerns and concerns of political, economic, cultural and social thinkers and statesmen. Has MoreNowadays, the complex issue of identity, with the emergence of the modern world and the emergence of new ones and the destruction of former ones, become one of the intellectual concerns and concerns of political, economic, cultural and social thinkers and statesmen. Has been. It can be said that the process of globalization by releasing space and time from place and relativeizing social cultures and references makes identity and meaning-making in the traditional way very difficult and even impossible. Thus, there is a growing crisis of identity and meaning in the various societies of the world that is reflected in various ways in the perceptions and feelings of different individuals and groups. This research raises the question of how the globalization of politics has impacted on Iran's national culture and identity. It has provided the answer that, given its particular cultural conditions, the nature of the political system, and its historical accumulations, it requires a rigorous and scientific understanding of the phenomenon. Globalization, and then the design of macro-practical thinking in conformity (or non-compliance) with this pervasive concept. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - Neo Liberal Globalization and Its Effects on the Islamic Republic of Iran as a Rentier State
Hamid Reza ShirzadAbstract since 1960s with sudden and multiple increase in oil revenues and its supremacy over other economic sectors in national income, Iranian government officially transformed to a rentire state which seems still is and tend to be in predictable future. The ab MoreAbstract since 1960s with sudden and multiple increase in oil revenues and its supremacy over other economic sectors in national income, Iranian government officially transformed to a rentire state which seems still is and tend to be in predictable future. The above mentioned phenomenon caused radical changes in, government size and structures, inflation increase and forming a new and unique kind of relationship between government, citizens and civil society .It also caused restructuring of domestic political economy settings, reorganization and emergence of domestic blocs of power and interests, relative independence in foreign relations and finally changing of pattern of inside-outside relations. After Islamic revolution there were radical changes in priorities of foreign relations based on the new ideological values but there were not the same radical trend of changes in the rentire nature of government, its role in the domestic economy and its economic relations with the outside world. Rentire states continue to exist with the ability to cover their weakness through the continuous flow of oil revenues and their distribution based on two main routes, firstly to put the government as the sole base of development and secondly to allocating more to their supporters and reducing the influence of civil society on the ruler’s desired order. Globalization occurrence and deepening particularly its neoliberal project, challenged the most basic foundations of these type of underdeveloped and weak governments in both efficiency and the governance levels, which results in forcing inevitable evolution of the rentire state, changing domestic political rulers behaviors and transforming their type of connection to the international system . Globalization (neoliberal) with its worldwide extent and depth puts little space and alternatives for rentire states, they should either be efficient according to new order (project) necessities which means to change their position inside the national political economy , (redefine) type of internal governance and reducing them their autonomy in the international arena (a new position in the international division of labor) or if they cannot get along with the type of globalized order they must pay the price of further inefficiency inside and more incompatibility with the rest of the world. This means that the country's growth can be suppressed by increasing transaction costs both inside and outside and failing to benefit from all development capacity of country and ultimately undermine national power compared to other nations of the world. The mainstream theories of IR or IPE has a high explanatory power to explain the integration process of a state to the globalizing order but they lack the competence for explanation of why a nation with high potential cannot or don’t have the will to develop its place in the international division of labor and world economy. This dissertation has no claim of representing a new theory in IPE, it only pave the way for the new interdisciplinary approach and somewhat heuristic model for understanding how to avoid approaching states (rentire) as a homogeneous entities and using a two tier criteria to evaluate the effects of globalization (project) on them which are first its effect on the rentire nature of these states and second its effect on the hegemonic concept which holds control over this states. Using a neogramscian approach helps me to better explain this theoretical challenge in Dominant theories (especially institutional neoliberal) which have little explanatory power about outside of the order (isolated) states. There exist not a rich literature about the mechanisms through which the globalization (project) affects states (rentire), therefore I used an outside –inside dialectical approach with the study of impacts of globalized concepts of control over internal concepts of control which means ideologized (projected) globalization effects on ideologized rentire state. Using the above mentioned theoretical approach will reach us to conclusion that the hegemonic concept of control of Iran's rentire state (traditional ideological) is going to fade by the strong waves of globalized concept of control (neoliberal project). Using of coercive power can for a short period survive this concept of control but it is obvious that there will be a capacity for hegemonic shift inside Iran whether by government choice or outside government’s alternatives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - Identity Crisis and nation, State Cleavage in Globalization Era: Language & Religion consequences on national Identity in Tajikistan and Kazakhstan
Abdulali Ghavam Neda MohamadAbstract Identity is one of the basic concepts in humankind's life and in addition, is one of the most important changed concepts in Globalization era and Post modernism ideas. Although, Identities will lose their past functions and this may cause identity crisis. Mean MoreAbstract Identity is one of the basic concepts in humankind's life and in addition, is one of the most important changed concepts in Globalization era and Post modernism ideas. Although, Identities will lose their past functions and this may cause identity crisis. Meanwhile, states that have powerful and effective functions in the past are losing their power and function, subsequently try to keep their power by a kind of limited meaning system to describe their own constructed identity and make this kind of identity as a symbol of national identity by using of force, threatening, pressure, censorship and so on. As a result, this could cause the division of state and nation, increasing state's independence and finally nation and state cleavage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - Contexts of US Changing position in post-Cold War: From a historical sociological perspective
Mehdi Zibaei Shahla NajafiAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union and the success of the United States International Coalition outside Iraq's expulsion from Kuwait in the 1990s, the groundwork was laid for the formation of a US-led unipolar system in the international arena. In this regard, the t MoreAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union and the success of the United States International Coalition outside Iraq's expulsion from Kuwait in the 1990s, the groundwork was laid for the formation of a US-led unipolar system in the international arena. In this regard, the then President of the United States of America George Herbert Walker Bush (1988-1992) in a speech used the term "New World Order" to indicate the beginning of a new chapter in political relations based on American supremacy in the international arena, including It was a sentence. Had. However, the emergence of China as an emerging power and the non-implementation of its regional policies in the Middle East over the last two decades is an inadequate indication of US power over the desired order. Now the question is, what have been the factors underlying the decline of the US government over the last three decades? The analysis of historical facts shows a set of results of the development of the neoliberal economy worldwide (deepening poverty in the region), international environmental developments (unexpected results of the globalization process), incorrect goals (biased support for Israel), miscalculations. The invasion of Iraq, etc., which sometimes dates back to before the end of the Cold War, has weakened the US position in the international arena in general and in appearance in particular. In the light of the theory of historical sociology of international relations, the present intends to examine the change in US regional writing over the past few decades. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - Comparative analysis of classic and new social movements in Iran
Vahid ZolfaghariCollective behaviors and social actions, inspired by historical developments such as two world wars, the rise of fascist-communist movements, the collapse of the colonial ecosystem and the acceleration of globalization processes, took place in the form of national and t MoreCollective behaviors and social actions, inspired by historical developments such as two world wars, the rise of fascist-communist movements, the collapse of the colonial ecosystem and the acceleration of globalization processes, took place in the form of national and transnational social movements. Following these global transformations on the one hand, and the experience of two revolutions in one century, the eight-year war and globalization in Iran on the other hand, the nature of contemporary society changed. In other words, since the beginning of the 20th century, the gap between the state-nation and the nation-imperialism brought different layers of social movements, especially students, who wanted to establish a civil society and establish a democratic structure. In fact, social actions, by sitting on the seat of courage and civility, are cut off from the politicization and factionalism that dominates social relations and are trying to get rid of this political issue. According to this understanding, the main question of the current writing is how to analyze social movements, especially student movements in Iran, with the Meluchi-Torn theoretical model? Employing the logic of historical sociology and the descriptive-analytical method, the author emphasizes the hypothesis that the nature, identifiers, and different contexts of social movements in Iran distinguish it from the Molochi-Torn analysis model. The findings of the research show that the background and timing of social movements make social actions in Iran not necessarily in full compliance with the analytical model of Meluchi-Torn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - Designing a Robust Dynamic Network Supply Chain Model for Global Variety of Products in Uncertainty
Mohammad Mokhtari Aboutorab Alirezaei Hassan Javanshir Mahmoud ModiriFor this purpose, in this study, modeling is designed to design a dynamic cement supply chain network to reduce post-crisis shortage. The facilities used in the model of this study are of the two types of temporary and permanent ones that are used to meet the severe dem MoreFor this purpose, in this study, modeling is designed to design a dynamic cement supply chain network to reduce post-crisis shortage. The facilities used in the model of this study are of the two types of temporary and permanent ones that are used to meet the severe demand created after the crisis. Time parameter One of the most important parameters is due to the cavitation of cement products and also the need to meet demand at specified time. In this research, this parameter is modeled in normal and post crisis situations. Disaster victims have a different preference for meeting demand. In addition to modeling this issue, alternative or similar items are also considered. Sustainable planning has been used to make sound decisions because of the demand-side sensitivity. Genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, and simulation refrigeration have been used to solve larger-scale models of the algorithm. According to the results, the algorithm is of better quality than the algorithms for different dimensions. Due to the importance of demand forecasting during the planning period in this study, the adaptive fuzzy neural network method is used for forecasting demand which FCM is the best known pattern recognition and adaptability algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - Designing a reinsurance model to enter international markets with a mixed approach
fatemeh hashemi JAMSHID edalatian shahryari jalal haghighat monfaredThe purpose of this study is to design a reinsurance model to enter international markets. In terms of purpose, this study is an application that has been done with a qualitative approach in terms of nature and form of implementation. The statistical population of this MoreThe purpose of this study is to design a reinsurance model to enter international markets. In terms of purpose, this study is an application that has been done with a qualitative approach in terms of nature and form of implementation. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part includes 10 experts in the insurance industry and in the quantitative part of the experts of insurance branches in Tehran province, from which a sample of 384 people has been selected. The main tools of data collection were semi-structured interview and Delphi questionnaire for screening indicators and a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. To analyze the obtained data, content analysis method and Maxiquida software and partial least squares technique and Smart PLS software were used. The results of qualitative analysis by Max Kyoda software showed that the dimensions and components of reinsurance model design in international markets include investment, international marketing, strategies, market development, internationalization, internationalization attitude, international entrepreneurship and entry into international markets. Also, 48 indicators for these components were finally approved by experts. The results of data analysis confirmed all research hypotheses. Calculation of goodness-of-fit indices showed that the proposed model in this study has good validity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - The globalization of cultural and political life of Tehran citizen’s effects
Ensieh Asghari Nourouz Hashemzehi Bahram GhadimiThe globalization phenomena is the matter that has occupied all the developing countries mind including Iran. The main goal of this research is the recognition and assessment of Globalization phenomena in cultural and political life of Tehran citizens and its effects to MoreThe globalization phenomena is the matter that has occupied all the developing countries mind including Iran. The main goal of this research is the recognition and assessment of Globalization phenomena in cultural and political life of Tehran citizens and its effects to social trust. The method of present research is tool calibration, data collection, questionnaire, and Cluster sampling. This method has studied by 300 citizens of regions 1, 7, 17, of metropolises. The consequences has declared that the level of social trust and globalization in cultural life of Tehran citizens is in mediocre and in political life is high. There is a correlation and cohesion between the variable of globalization in cultural life and social trust. Thus it’s vice versa between globalization in political life and social trust. The regression coefficient is shown R2 = 0.03. Therefor there is a weak causal relationship between the social trust and the globalization of cultural and political life. According to path analysis, the globalization of cultural life has direct effect and political life has indirect effect in social trust. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - The Universality of Intellectual Property Rights with an overview of Iranian Law
ayoub milaki Mehdi Hadavand Mohammad DarabiGlobalization has had its effects on all areas of human life, including various fields of jurisprudence. The globalization of intellectual property rights and their effects in the legal system of many countries can be exempted from this challenge, but in Iran due to the MoreGlobalization has had its effects on all areas of human life, including various fields of jurisprudence. The globalization of intellectual property rights and their effects in the legal system of many countries can be exempted from this challenge, but in Iran due to the conflicting views of some jurists by limiting the scientific, literary and artistic fields and somehow monopolizing it to some extent, which presented a serious challenge in accepting this branch of science in the legal system. Recourse to universal methods for applying formal and substantive rules of intellectual property rights and the influence of modern legal systems on global legislative treaties and finally the texts that have forced this branch of law to follow the universal rules of intellectual property rights, is a fact that cannot be ignored. Therefore, the commitments of governments, including Iran, in terms of intellectual property rights are to the result that its tools have been provided for the states for many years with the joint cooperation of specialized institutions of the World Trade Organization. In this article the descriptive-analytic method was adopted, and we tried to clarify the concept of Globalization and its connection to intellectual property was explained, then after analyzing the reasons that advocates and opponents set out; we considered the obstacles in this area. In this regard, the Iranian government must abandon the old interpretations of jurisprudence and deal with a new understanding of the effects of globalization on intellectual property rights as a fact. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - Explain the dimensions and components of the position of intellectual property rights in the system of public international law
Pezhman Mirkarimi Seyed Bagher Mirabbasi Maryam MoradiThe purpose of this research is to explain the dimensions and components of the position of intellectual property rights in the general international law system. In the end, the great mission of international law is the establishment of order, peace and security in the MoreThe purpose of this research is to explain the dimensions and components of the position of intellectual property rights in the general international law system. In the end, the great mission of international law is the establishment of order, peace and security in the world, which is considered one of the most fundamental concerns of humanity today. Intellectual property rights are also a bridge between international law and private law, it is protected by international laws and is considered one of the most important issues of the present age due to its limitless application. Its importance is more evident when it breaks geographical borders in the international arena, brings growth, scientific progress to countries and shows its effect from one country to another. But what is the role and position of intellectual property rights with such broad dimensions on the most important goal and mission of the international law system, which is the realization of global order, peace and security? In this research, by examining the place of intellectual property rights in the international legal system, it was concluded that intellectual property rights, in addition to their positive effects on the fulfillment of international obligations, also have negative effects on these obligations and in some cases, their effects lead to the violation of international obligations. and endangers global peace and security. The production, invention, use and expansion of weapons of mass destruction by the owners of intellectual property rights, monopolizing the production of drugs, medical equipment, vaccines and Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - Trading volume of stock market and economic growth: Moderating the role of Information and Communication Technology by considering to the development of countries
Gholamreza Mahfoozi Mohsen Akbari Mahsa Farkhonde Zahra AyaghOne of the main factors behind the growth of various countries is the development of financial markets, which has facilitated and accelerated the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in recent years for countries. The purpose of this study is to invest MoreOne of the main factors behind the growth of various countries is the development of financial markets, which has facilitated and accelerated the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in recent years for countries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of stock exchanges on economic growth with the moderation of ICT in developed and developing countries during the period 2011-2016. Data and information about the sample countries are gathered from the reports the global innovation index. The method of fitting the models in the present study is the panel data method using Eviews software. The results showed that ICT affects the relationship between volume of stock exchanges and economic growth only in developed countries, which is due to the development of these types of technologies in developed countries. It seems that developing countries need to be equipped with ICTs as well as developed countries to achieve greater economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - Dynamics of a Delayed Epidemic Model with Beddington-DeAngelis Incidence Rate and a Constant Infectious Period
Abdelali Raji_allah Hamad Talibi Alaoui -
Open Access Article
333 - Stability Analysis and Optimal Control of Vaccination and Treatment of a SIR Epidemiological Deterministic Model with Relapse
Sunday Fadugba Temitope Ogunlade Oluwatayo Ogunmiloro -
Open Access Article
334 - Stability Analysis of a Malaria Transmission Model for the Effect of Infected Immigrants with Temperature and Rainfall Dependent Parameters
Victor Yiga Hasifa Nampala Julius Tumwiine -
Open Access Article
335 - A Method for Solving Nonsmooth Pseudoconvex Optimization
Maryam Bala Seyed Ghasir Aghileh Heydari Mohammad Ali Badamchizadeh -
Open Access Article
336 - DYNAMIC COMPLEXITY OF A THREE SPECIES COMPETITIVE FOOD CHAIN MODEL WITH INTER AND INTRA SPECIFIC COMPETITIONS
N. Ali Santabrata Chakravarty -
Open Access Article
337 - Investigating the Impact of Organizational Health Components on Global Citizen Training (Case of study: Primary School Teachers of Chalous)
Mohammed Mehdi Pourpasha Farzaneh Farzi Maryam Tavasolinezhad Mona AliakbariAdministrative health is an essential aspect to create a safe and healthy learning environment for students. By prioritizing administrative health, schools can help prepare students to become committed and responsible global citizens who are equipped to face future chal MoreAdministrative health is an essential aspect to create a safe and healthy learning environment for students. By prioritizing administrative health, schools can help prepare students to become committed and responsible global citizens who are equipped to face future challenges. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of administrative health components on global citizen education in primary schools of Chalous. The research method is descriptive-survey and statistical population of all first grade teachers of primary schools in Chalous. The size of the statistical population is 130 people. According to Morgan's Table, 97 people were selected as a sample via simple random method, and the questionnaire was distributed among them. The data collection tools included Hoy and Fidman's Organizational Health Questionnaire (1987), Keshavarz's Global Citizen Education Questionnaire (2013). The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to measure the validity of the questionnaires. Data analysis was done using inferential statistics (regression) by using SPSS. The findings of the research indicated that the administrative health and its components at the administrative level include "manager's influence, consideration, construction, resource support", and the technical level components of "scientific spirit and emphasis" on education. Global citizens have a positive and significant impact. However, no positive and significant effect was found between the organizational level component (institutional unity) on global citizen training. The findings of the research indicate that the administrative health and its components at the administrative level include "manager's influence, consideration, construction, resource support", and the technical level components of "scientific spirit and emphasis" on education. Global citizens have a positive and significant impact. However, no positive and significant effect was found between the organizational level component (institutional unity) on global citizen training. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - Life cycle assessment of peanut production in sole cropping and mixed intercropping with bean systems
Saeed Firouzi Amin NikkhahToday, investigation on the environmental impacts of different cultural systems and determining the optimum cultivation patterns are the noteworthy topics in agricultural sector. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess and compare the environmental impacts of pea MoreToday, investigation on the environmental impacts of different cultural systems and determining the optimum cultivation patterns are the noteworthy topics in agricultural sector. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess and compare the environmental impacts of peanut) Arachis hypogaea L.( and peanut with bean )Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercrop farming systems using the life cycle assessment (LCA) technique. Primary data were obtained through interviews with 136 farmers in Kiashahr region of Guilan province, Iran. Global warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication, land use, depletion of fossil resources, depletion of phosphate and potash resources were seven groups involved in this study. The results showed that the NH3 emission had the greatest impact in terms of the acidification and eutrophication in both peanut cultivation systems. The environmental index (EcoX) values of the peanut sole cropping and intercropping with bean were determined as 0.68 and 0.42, respectively. Resource depletion index (RDI) also were calculated as 3.61 and 2.69, for sole and intercropping systems, respectively. Depletion of fossil fuels and terrestrial eutrophication had the greatest environmental impacts in terms of categories and depletion of resources in both cultivation systems. Overall, the environmental impacts of peanut-bean intercropping were less than the peanut sole cropping system in all seven impact categories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - Investigating the environmental impacts for peanut production in Astaneh Ashrafieh based on nitrogen fertilizer consumption through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
سید علی نورحسینی امین نیکخواهIn this study, in order to determine the environmental impacts of peanut production in Astaneh Ashrafieh based on nitrogen fertilizer consumption a research was conducted using life cycle assessment methodology in 2015. A field experimental was performed with randomized MoreIn this study, in order to determine the environmental impacts of peanut production in Astaneh Ashrafieh based on nitrogen fertilizer consumption a research was conducted using life cycle assessment methodology in 2015. A field experimental was performed with randomized complete block design in three levels of nitrogen consumption (0, 30 and 60 kgha-1) in three replications. These effects in six groups; the global warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication, the depletion of fossil resources, the depletion of potassium and the depletion of phosphate were investigated. Two functional units included one tonne of peanut and generation of 1000 MJ energy were considered to evaluate the environmental impacts. The results showed that the environmental index (Eco-indeX) with regard to global warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication for treatment of control, 30 and 60 kg of nitrogen per hectare were 0.18, 0.52 and 0.66, respectively. Also, resources depletion index (RDI) for one-ton production of peanut with regard to depletion of fossil resources, the depletion of potassium and the depletion of phosphate for treatment of control, 30 and 60 kg of nitrogen per hectare were determined to be 0.80, 0.53 and 0.30, respectively. Overall, the Eco-Index impact categories (global warming, acidification, terrestrial eutrophication) showed the greatest negative effects on the environment for the highest level of nitrogen consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - Comparison of energy indices and CO2 greenhouse gas emission in irrigated and rainfed canola in northern region of Iran
Ali Motavali Saleh YasorEnergy consumption and global warming and followed by climate change from by human activity that has been noticed a lot of research. This study investigates the energy consumption and CO2 greenhouse gas emissions in production of irrigated and rainfed canola (Brassica n MoreEnergy consumption and global warming and followed by climate change from by human activity that has been noticed a lot of research. This study investigates the energy consumption and CO2 greenhouse gas emissions in production of irrigated and rainfed canola (Brassica napus) in northern region of Iran and output energy indices were estimated. Data were collected from farmers in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces by random sampling method in years 2016. The results of the study showed that input energy in rainfed farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 29.49 and 28.77 GJ/h and input energy in irrigated farming in Mazandaran and Golestan was 33.52 and 34.10 GJ/ha was calculated. The energy output was calculated in raidfed farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 88.4 and 90.3 GJ/h and output energy in irrigated Farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 82.27 and 82.25 GJ/ha. The highest and lowest value of energy ratio was obtained in production of canola 3.07 and 2.41 in rainfed and irrigated in Golestan province, respectively. Also the rate of production Co2 greenhouse gas was calculated in rainfed farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 41715.04 kg/ha and 39968.60 kg/ha and reat of production CO2 greenhouse gas in irrigated farming in Mazandaran and Golestan were 46180.11 and 45011.62 kg/ha. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - How Did Globalization Boost the Nuts Production in Indonesia?
Eko Hendarto Sandhir Sharma Maria Jade Catalan Opulencia Mohammed Khudair Hasan Aiman Mohammed Baqir Al-Dhalimy Iskandar Muda Mohammed Abed Jawad Krishanveer Singh Noor Abdul Ameer Jabar -
Open Access Article
342 - The Effects of Globalization on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption: Case Study: Selected Developing Countries
seyyed Ali Paytakhti Oskooe Laleh Tabaghchi AkbariNowadays, globalization as an inevitably phenomenon changes the relations of production, financial relations, government relations and cultural characteristics, resulting increase in production and consumption of the countries. Move of developing countries towards econo MoreNowadays, globalization as an inevitably phenomenon changes the relations of production, financial relations, government relations and cultural characteristics, resulting increase in production and consumption of the countries. Move of developing countries towards economic openness and integration into the global economy leads to different results, which one of the most important changes is in the field of energy. In this paper the effect of the combined indices of globalization on the renewable energy consumption (power and nuclear energy) and nonrenewable (fossil fuels coal, petroleum and natural gas) has been studied for the 8 selected developing countries (especially Iran) during the period 2001 to 2015. In order to estimate the effects of variables, Panel ARDL technique has been employed. The estimation results show that globalization has positive effect on the renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption. This means that globalization leads to increase in consumption of renewable and nonrenewable energy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach
H. Asghar Pour Zeinab Jammeh ShooraniThe main propose of this research is the survey of affecting globalization on tax revenue in Iran by Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. So other variables such as real per capita income (as an indicator of economic development), degree of urbanization, the MoreThe main propose of this research is the survey of affecting globalization on tax revenue in Iran by Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. So other variables such as real per capita income (as an indicator of economic development), degree of urbanization, the share of agriculture in gross domestic product, dependency ratio (as an index of social and economic structure) and exchange rate, effects on tax revenue have been investigated. Stationary test of variables in the model is shown based on adjusted Dickey – Fuller. For the results of this test, the time series used in this model are characteristics I(0) and I(1). In this study, the pattern Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and the method of least squares for first or more order differencing is used. Dynamic model estimation results indicate a tendency towards long run equilibrium model. Additionally, globalization has positive effect on the proportion of total tax and the tax on trade in GDP Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - Global Messages of Labour and Activity for Today's Human Being in The Mosibat Nameh of Attar Nishabouri
Monireh Mahfouzi Mousavi Mansooreh Tadayyoni Mas'ud Pakdel Sima MansooriOne of the greatest economical, cultural and social problems of today's community is unemployment. By utilizing the descriptive – analytic method, this research is to deal with labour and activity from the view point of Attar Nishabouri. It is supposed that MoreOne of the greatest economical, cultural and social problems of today's community is unemployment. By utilizing the descriptive – analytic method, this research is to deal with labour and activity from the view point of Attar Nishabouri. It is supposed that today's man can overcome his difficulties by applying the educational guidance of Attar. In the previous researches, it has often been looked at attar's works from mystical point of view. The most significant aim of this research is to find impressive messages to transform of today's youth towards unemployment. The result of the study shows that as long as man lives in this world and has the capability of struggling, must occupy himself with work. One moment of endeavor equals with one hundred world. In Attar's tenets success in life is related to magnanimity and good ethics and it must be accomplished thoroughly and in perfect manner. In this case nature can be considered as a model to attain this. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - A model for educating global professional citizen at the university
fatemeh akhoondi Hamid Reza Arasteh Nader Qoli Gurchian Parivash JafarIn today's societies, universities and higher education institutions are expected to educate their students in such a way that they can meet the needs of the society in terms of insight, knowledge and effective and appropriate skills in the fields of professional employ MoreIn today's societies, universities and higher education institutions are expected to educate their students in such a way that they can meet the needs of the society in terms of insight, knowledge and effective and appropriate skills in the fields of professional employment and the requirements of personal and social life. Therefore, this research has been done with the aim of providing a model for the education of the global professional citizen in theuniversity. In terms of purpose, application, and research strategy, the research was content analysis in the qualitative part and survey in the quantitative part.The data collection tool in the qualitative part was semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire.In the quantitative part, the faculty members were the units of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran, who were selected by stratified sampling method. The validity of qualitative data was checked and confirmed through review by members, review by colleagues, and review by external observers, and the "reliability between two coders" method was used to calculate the reliability or consistency of the coding done.As a result of the analysis of the qualitative part, 320 open codes, 110 central codes and 16 categories were extracted. Finally, a model containing the link between these categories, which includes 5 dimensions (cognitive competencies, scientific and specialized competencies, cultural and social competencies, moral competencies, and continuous self-development competencies) and 16 components, were identified as the elements of global professional citizen training. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - Determining the Students' National-ethnic Identity Dimensions and Comparing Ethnic, National and Global Identity in the Different Ethnic Groups
javad mesrabadi peyman yarmohamadzadeh ayoub feyziConsidering the importance of diversity in communities with different ethnic background, its impact on national unity and integration is obvious. The aim of this study was to determine the national-ethnic identity dimensions and comparing ethnic, national and global ide MoreConsidering the importance of diversity in communities with different ethnic background, its impact on national unity and integration is obvious. The aim of this study was to determine the national-ethnic identity dimensions and comparing ethnic, national and global identity in the students from different ethnic groups in Azerbaijan Shahid Madani University. The method of this study was causal-comparative and population includes students of three ethnic groups (Turk, Lor and Kurd) who were enrolled in the academic year 91-92. The sample size was 364 subjects that calculated by krejcie and Morgan sample size table. The study sampling method was snowball sampling. To measure the dimensions of ethnic and national identity, were used the ethnicity and nationality scale and acceptance of globalization scale to student global identity. For data analysis, was used the exploratory factor analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. The results in national-ethnic identity dimensions indicate nine identity dimensions that was explained 70% of the variance of the students’ national-ethnic identity. From the nine identity dimensions, six components were for ethnic and three for nationalism. Also the results showed that in general, composition of students’ scores were different together in three components of ethnic, national, and global identity. Finally, there are differences between ethnic groups in terms of component related with non-ethnic and prejudice national, but these differences wasn’t observed in national and global dimensions of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - Analysis of Research literature's Discourse of the Iranian Cultural Identity
alireza hosainipakdehi arash heydari yaghobi moradianThis paper aims to study the cultural identity and its crisis-construction in research literature of Iran. For this purpose, reviewing published research text in domestic journal, we analyze the mechanism of their dominant discourse in crisis-construction the concept of MoreThis paper aims to study the cultural identity and its crisis-construction in research literature of Iran. For this purpose, reviewing published research text in domestic journal, we analyze the mechanism of their dominant discourse in crisis-construction the concept of Iranian cultural identity. Studying the relation between cultural identity with globalization, this paper pursue the general solidarity, knotting, text spaces, positive and negative points throughout the text, abstruseness, defaults and tacit meanings of these texts. In second phase, for determining the situation related to existence of crisis in cultural identity, a grounded research is done among 75 students abroad and 75 student inside. The finding show that the cultural identity status inside and outside is against claims based on crisis. The perception about it is resulted from meta-historical and strict approach. The other point illustrates that the domestic pattern is more religious and Islamic than abroad one. Also, there is not a meaningful difference between cultural identities in two sides. But the cultural identity of abroad student is more than domestic one in terms of Iranian elements. Another finding shows that there is not any meaningful difference in the general mark of cultural identity. Finally the quantity finding has been analyzed related to findings of discourse analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - Designing Model for the Development of Intercultural Relations in the Era of Globalization
Esmail Kavoshi davoud sotodeh yeganehIn this article, a model for the development of intercultural relations in the era of globalization was presented. The method in this study was a descriptive - survey and data collection tool was a researcher –made questionnaire with 52 questions. The research pop MoreIn this article, a model for the development of intercultural relations in the era of globalization was presented. The method in this study was a descriptive - survey and data collection tool was a researcher –made questionnaire with 52 questions. The research population consisted of experts involved in cultural affairs and international relations in the organizations of Strategic Research Center of the Expediency Council, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, IRIB, the SCCR and the National Center for Globalization Studies. In order to study the opinions of the limited statistical community and aiming to increase the accuracy of the results of sampling, census method was used, and the sample size was estimate 120 people. The results of the research in terms of theoretical dimension, has considered culture as the issue as important as other factors such as the strength of political, economic, military and even in some theories, as the most important factor and the basis of convergence or divergence of nations. Results from the Friedman test showed that, compared with the 3 components of political, economic and military; culture was ranked as the third priority. But in the field section, members of the population, despite considering significance of the role of culture in foreign policy, have known the impact of culture less important than political and economic power in this field. Finally, by ending up and analyzing of the survey results, practical model based on the factor of cultures containing solutions has been developed at three levels of domestic, regional and international for the development of inter-cultural relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - Investigating and Analyzing the Paradoxical Approach of Convergences of States toward the Wave of Cultural Globalization
seyedzakaria mahmodiraja ali bagheridolatabadi seyedali serajThe paradigm of globalization of culture and its components such as the informatics revolution and the advent and development of commination-information communities are among the most important features in the human life in beginning of the third millennium which has pr MoreThe paradigm of globalization of culture and its components such as the informatics revolution and the advent and development of commination-information communities are among the most important features in the human life in beginning of the third millennium which has provided necessary grounds for facilitating the convergence flow in terms of culture. Culture on the one hand is considered as the coherent totality of values, rituals, sensations, and elements constructing ethics and actions of each ethnic group and nation, and on the other hand, it is taken as the riches resource, symbol of giving identity, development, creativity, and dynamics which as basic roles in giving senses, making coherent of social relations among individuals and different groups in societies. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method and is based on library-documentary research to answer this main question that which strategies governments and ethnic groups adopt for the main paradigm dominating the current world in the form of globalization. Findings of the present study inspired by James Rosenau’s ideas who believe that chaos in the world of politics indicates that globalization is based on the compression of time and place. With transformation of conditions, the framework of traditional grounds and devastation of identity building factors have provide opportunities and threats for other cultures and identities. This issue have caused the emergence of different convergent approaches and the process-oriented type of view as well as the project-centered ideology towards it and adoption of divergent approaches Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - study the relation between localization world with individualism and collectivism( case study of yazd university students)
Atefeh Zahabi Mahdi Ali nejad Mahnaz FarahmandThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between the world - localization with individualism and pulralism among students of Yazd University. The dependent variables are individualism and pulralism In horizontal and vertical dimensions are measured based on the MoreThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between the world - localization with individualism and pulralism among students of Yazd University. The dependent variables are individualism and pulralism In horizontal and vertical dimensions are measured based on the opinions Tryandys. Research method Is Questionnaire survey and collect data from the population using proportional stratified random sampling method, 384 students were selected. The research main question was whether to pursue a meaningful relationship between the world - Local and individualism and pluralism there? According to the original question of research main hypothesis is on the relationship between the world – localization with individualism and pulralism. The secondary hypotheses suggest that is the relationship between the background variables sex, marital status and education, there is individualism and pluralism. Research findings show that between sex, marital status and education, with individualism and pulralism there is no significant relationship. There was a significant relationship between the localization world with individualism. the latest There was a significant relationship between the localization world with collectivism. Multiple regression analysis showed that the One aspect of globalization localization as Against the world explained more than 16% of the variance stems of collectivism. Also, after Another aspect of the local universe as compliance with the process of globalization, showed individualism accounted for 5.9% of the variance stems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - Ethnicity and Diplomacy; Necessity in Continuous and Expand the Position of Ethnic Groups in Iran’s Diplomacy in the Era of Globalization
azam molaee reza shafiee ardestaniChanging in international relations content، new perspectives and availability of information technologydue to globalization is reason of the importance of ethnicity and religious-ethnic minorities during this time especially in politics. Under the influence of changing MoreChanging in international relations content، new perspectives and availability of information technologydue to globalization is reason of the importance of ethnicity and religious-ethnic minorities during this time especially in politics. Under the influence of changing in the approaches and factors in international relations، diplomacy is also not far from these developments and changing. The important things about this matter are two issues; first،perception of the security issues in the Middle East that is under the influence of ethnic diversity and second، the need for a new approach to content and tools in the diplomatic process. For these two issues، choosing a diplomatic approach by ethnic and cultural homogeneity is required، the thing that constructivism school has especial ability to analyze and explain. Because according to this theory what people want is “who has relation whit them and how much is rate of affiliation and similarities identity whit them and their ethnic”. So choosing a person with the same ethnic and religious identities in today's Middle East for an efficient diplomacy is necessary and effective. This manner helps some country like Iran who has Strong historical identity، in foreign affair and national solidarity. In brief، taking into account today's realities of globalization ،ethnic and cultural identity and internal conditions، choosing new approach for greater participation of ethnic groups in foreign policy and diplomacy seems to be necessary and useful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Presenting a Model for Developing Boundary‐Spanning in Iranian Sport Federations
Mojtaba aziziyan shahab bahrami salahedin naghshbandi mohammad galilvandThe aim of this study was to present a model for developing boundary-spanning in Iranian sport federations. The present study is mixed method and is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the qu MoreThe aim of this study was to present a model for developing boundary-spanning in Iranian sport federations. The present study is mixed method and is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the study consisted of the elites and experts in the field of management who were aware of the subject of the research. The research instrument consisted of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Coding according to the Strauss and Corbin paradigm model was used to evaluate the qualitative data and the structural equation method was used in the quantitative part. Data analysis was performed in SPSS 20 and Smart PLS 2 software. The results of the present study showed that Boundary‐Spanning development model in Iranian sport federations includes causal conditions, field conditions, intervention conditions, consequences, strategies. The results of the present study also showed that the research model has a good fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - Life cycle assessment of Iranian Rice cultivars production affected by NPK using management
حسن Jafari حسین Ajamnoroozie M.R Dadashi افشین Soltani سلمان DastanThe aim of present study was to investigate life cycle assessment of Iranian rice cultivars production affected by NPK chemical fertilizers using management. The experiment was conducted in farms located in Mazandaran province, Sari, during 2017 and 2018. The experiment MoreThe aim of present study was to investigate life cycle assessment of Iranian rice cultivars production affected by NPK chemical fertilizers using management. The experiment was conducted in farms located in Mazandaran province, Sari, during 2017 and 2018. The experiment was performed as split plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The different doses of fertilizer treatments at five levels including F1: 250 kg N ha-1 + 150 kg P ha-1 + 150 kg K ha-1 (N250P150K150), F2: 200 kg N ha-1 + 100 kg P ha-1 + 100 kg K ha-1 (N200P100K100), F3: 150 kg N ha-1 + 75 kg P ha-1 + 75 kg K ha-1 (N150P75K75), F4: 100 kg N ha-1 + 50 kg P ha-1 + 50 kg K ha-1 (N100P50K50), and F5: Control or no application of fertilizer treatments (N0P0K0) as main plot and local rice cultivars at two levels of Sang Tarom and Tarom Hashemi were considered as sub-plots. The results showed that an average amount of cumulative energy demand and cumulative exergy demand was 11549.78 and 13443.08 MJ, respectively that with increase of nitrogen consumption, both indices showed a decreasing trend. The average ecological footprint was 1190.80 m2a which CO2 emissions had shown the highest effect on the ecological footprint. The average of the impact categories of abiotic depletion was equals 12.44 kg Sb eq, acidification (3.15 kg SO2 eq), eutrophiction (2.33 kg PO4 eq), malodorous air (7295733 m3 air), freshwater sediment ecotoxicity (75.79 kg 1,4 DB eq), marine sediment ecotoxicity (116.11 kg 1,4 DB eq) that all of which decreased with increasing nitrogen consumption. The average global warming potential (GWP) 20a and GWP 500a were 399.20 and 382.97 kg CO2 eq, respectively. Two indicators of human toxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity in the three periods of 20, 100 and 500 years shows increasing amounts equal 0.42% and 140.70% during 20a to 500a, respectively. All pollutants released into the air and the water demonstrated a decreasing trend with increasing nitrogen amounts. The emission of nitrate into soil, metals into the soil, and chemical oxygen demand showed a decreasing trend with increasing nitrogen levels. By group comparing between different levels of nitrogen at splitting levels, it can be stated that the main cause of variations in the amount of pollutants was the higher output (yield) compared to inputs. Indeed, nitrogen uptake in four developmental stages has resulted in maximum plant use, resulting in increased yield and emission reduction per unit area. Therefore, reducing the emission of pollutants by increasing nitrogen consumption can be due to increase of yield. According to the findings of this study, the application of N150P75K75 treatment is a better option to improving the yield of rice cultivars along with a decrease in chemical fertilizers and subsequent reduced fertilizers costs and environmental damages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - Reform of government public system and its authority in the globalization process With an emphasis on the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran
فرامرز عطریان محمد مهدی غمامیWith the arrival of the twenty-first century, public system, national governments were the result of the Treaty of Westphalia has evolved browsing, and its exclusive authority in favor of a world order being created and lost human values addressing. Nation - state indic MoreWith the arrival of the twenty-first century, public system, national governments were the result of the Treaty of Westphalia has evolved browsing, and its exclusive authority in favor of a world order being created and lost human values addressing. Nation - state indicators seventeenth century, now in its elements in different ratios have been changes in terms of uniqueness. The changes of governments to monopolize decision-making domestic and international system of international law to nationals along with other international actors has become. The nationality of variables that sometimes the integrity of a nation - state to re-examine gives and Its intended to impose order and limitations, particularly due to questions of human rights and peace have faced. These reforms in process of building the state on the basis that it "globalization" can be named is an analysis and study. In this paper, authors legal analysis will respond to the question, "In the process of globalization, the construction requirements imposed on State and how to identify existing challenges, take advantage of opportunities?". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - A documentary study on understanding globalizable identity in the form of common political components in Iranian-Islamic culture
Mohammad kazem Tafteh Farhad Ziviarاین مقاله بر آن است با طرح مشکل هویت ملی در فضای جهانی شدن فرهنگی با شناسایی یا بازتعریف برخی از مؤلفهها و عناصر مستتر در بطن تاریخ هویت ایرانیان با استفاده از روش اسنادی به ترسیم هویتی بپردازد که در عین حفظ عناصر ملموس و عینی هویت ملی(سرزمین،دین،زبان) با تکیه بر تجارب Moreاین مقاله بر آن است با طرح مشکل هویت ملی در فضای جهانی شدن فرهنگی با شناسایی یا بازتعریف برخی از مؤلفهها و عناصر مستتر در بطن تاریخ هویت ایرانیان با استفاده از روش اسنادی به ترسیم هویتی بپردازد که در عین حفظ عناصر ملموس و عینی هویت ملی(سرزمین،دین،زبان) با تکیه بر تجارب نوین بشری در حوزه رسانه و ارتباطات از یک سو و امکان دسترسی به داده ها و اطلاعات جهانی در حوزه هویت و نحوه نیل به یک چارچوب و مدل امکان پذیر از تعامل و همگرایی در فهم یکدیگر از سوی دیگر،باید به هویت و شناسه ای از تاریخ و تمدن و فرهنگ ایرانی-اسلامی دست یابیم که امکان گفتگو با دیگری را داشته باشیم و در حوزه هویت پسینی با تاکید بر شناسایی عناصر هویتی مستتر در تاریخ و تمدن ایرانی و اسلامی و همچنین بازسنجی امکان تاریخی برای صورتبندی هویت ملی در مسیر جهانی شدن فرهنگیان به محک نظریه خواهیم گذاشت و در مقام پاسخ به این پرسش هستیم که:”امکان و نحوه شناخت مؤلفههای با ظرفیت تاریخی و تمدنی در هویت ملی جهت مواجهه با شیوه زیست جدید در دوره جهانی شدن فرهنگ چگونه خواهد بود؟” .در پایان پاسخ به این پرسش را در امکان محقق شدن ترسیم هویت جدید در فضای جهانی شدن در قالب مفهوم "هویت جهان پذیر" که مبتنی بر شاخصها و معیارهای ده گانه برای کاربست اجتماعی آنها میباشد جستجو میکنیم و مورد بررسی قرار میدهیم. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - Social context influencing the formation of the social movement of environmentalism in Iran
mohamadali golmohamadzadeh alireza esmaeilzad Parviz ahadiThe environmental crisis is one of the most important global problems today. Because popular participation is increasingly needed to deal with this crisis, it is important to note that environmental NGOs and grassroots organizations have been formed around the world to MoreThe environmental crisis is one of the most important global problems today. Because popular participation is increasingly needed to deal with this crisis, it is important to note that environmental NGOs and grassroots organizations have been formed around the world to direct this public participation. And guide. Environmental movements in Iran as a modern movement that is due to the experiences gained and the conditions resulting from the new way of life in Iran can be a new social movement that is slow and scattered but has a common goal and away from the conditions and trends of social movements. Conventional and classic, which is expanding slowly. In this article, we will discuss the bio-movement and the social context of this movement in Iran. According to the hypothesis of this article, the consequences of globalization and late modernity or rethinking modernization of the external social context and the spread of doubts about its consequences and increasing awareness of the need to care for planetary ecology and the demand for humanization of technology among part of society. "Environmentalism" can be considered in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - Brexit and Special Relations in lieu of Global Britain idea
Alireza Ghadrdoust Nakhchi Mehdi Zakarian Amiri Hamid AhmadiThe results of the United Kingdom referendum to leave the European Union on Thursday June 23, 2016 was a big shock not for the UK but for the Europe and the rest of the world. In the plebiscite, 52 percent of the eligible voters chose leave, better known as Brexiteers, MoreThe results of the United Kingdom referendum to leave the European Union on Thursday June 23, 2016 was a big shock not for the UK but for the Europe and the rest of the world. In the plebiscite, 52 percent of the eligible voters chose leave, better known as Brexiteers, to take the rest of the 48 percent out of the Union. Due to type, form and the nature of the UK relations with the countries, the effects of the vote is quite understandable. Moreover, the leave vote put a huge question mark on the on-going efforts of European integrations.Changing world conditions, emerging China as an effective power, along with Russian moves especially after annexation of Crimea, jeopardizes EU’s firm stance against international developments. On the other side of the Atlantic, occurring Trump phenomenon in 2016 in the United States changed deep-rooted “Special Relations” with the two Anglo-Saxon countries and the Europe, as well. In the aftermath of the Brexit, “Global Britain” strategy focuses more than ever on Britain’s role in the world. In this strategy, Britain away from EU can be an active player in the world arena.This paper based on integration theory will quest the answer to the question of do we face close UK-US relations in the post-Brexit? The findings show that the two countries will be closer and the UK needs the US to gain its goals in the Global Britain policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - The impacts of Disagreements between European Union Member States Over this Union’s Positions in the World System
Seyed Hassan Mir FakhraieEuropean Union (EU) is one of the most important and coherent state-based unions in both political and economic dimensions, that has taken great strides in further convergence and coordination and also in expanding its sphere of influence; Although it brought in a MoreEuropean Union (EU) is one of the most important and coherent state-based unions in both political and economic dimensions, that has taken great strides in further convergence and coordination and also in expanding its sphere of influence; Although it brought in a new concept of collaboration and convergence, between states, to the literature of international relations. For understanding its position in the global system, more attention is needed actually. In this paper two main objectives shall be followed. First, what has been the impact of disagreements among members of the European Union, on its current position in the world system? And second is studying what would be the impacts of continuation of disagreements and opposing views among the members of European Union on its position, which has been imagined in a multipolar system, and also on its strategic future? A temporary response to above questions would be: The disagreements and opposing views among the members of European Union in different internal and international issues, has faced EU to a lack of functional identity, and so, its strategic role and position in the future world is in doubt and it will just remain as an economical power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - Evolution of Citizenship Concept In The Globalization Process
Behrooz Deilam SalehiAiming at citizenship organ, as a bio-national center of gravity, globalization results in displacement of such “center of gravity” such a way that a bio-innovation called “bio-globalization” is appearing in 21st century. “Bio-globalization MoreAiming at citizenship organ, as a bio-national center of gravity, globalization results in displacement of such “center of gravity” such a way that a bio-innovation called “bio-globalization” is appearing in 21st century. “Bio-globalization” is a type of life in which not only national and home-made commitments, responsibilities, and rights are considered valuable but also humans achieve a level of knowledge based on that they are responsible globally for meta-national values and human instructions. In the present research, this hypothesis is tested: globalization causes a situation in which human knowledge and responsibility are treated meta-nationally because of information revolution and finally such knowledge and responsibility are linked to common social values. According to this, the concept of national citizenship in 21st century will not be fixed in future; on the other hand, a novel aspect of citizenship is appearing in 21st century called “meta-national or global citizenship”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - Arab Spring Developments Domino in the Globalization and Development of Communications, and Farzad Mohammad Zade Ebrahimi
Seid Javad Emam Jome Zade Sanaz Rostam Jabri Farzad Mohammad Zade EbrahimiInternational developments in the first decade of the twentieth-first century, globalization, development of communications, and expand the scope of contacts between peoples in cyber space have caused more awareness of civil rights in the Middle East, comprehensive stru MoreInternational developments in the first decade of the twentieth-first century, globalization, development of communications, and expand the scope of contacts between peoples in cyber space have caused more awareness of civil rights in the Middle East, comprehensive structural backwardness, and increasing range of demands for fundamental changes and developments in various fields. Unprecedented crisis in the Arab countries as domino swept across the Middle East and North Africa and even has overshadowed some non Arab countries. What is the role of globalization of communications in the Arab spring developments? Based on liberalism principles, citizens who are aware of the world usually are demanding reform. Globalization through public awareness and providing technologies enable citizens to communicate with the rest of the world, thus led the peoples of the Middle East and North Africa to revolt against their rulers and to create enormous changes. Due to the importance of the Middle East region and also the fact that recent unprecedented developments will have significant impacts, this paper examines the developments with regard to globalization of communications and technologies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - Shale Gas and Enrgy Security in Persian Gulf
Abolghasem Taheri Alireza RostamaghaeThe country like United States presence in gas production world by shale gas production which was considered as a largest importer of LNG in the world would be one of the biggest challenge for other gas exporter countries. At the time being internal gas production in Un MoreThe country like United States presence in gas production world by shale gas production which was considered as a largest importer of LNG in the world would be one of the biggest challenge for other gas exporter countries. At the time being internal gas production in United States minimize gas price levels in Europe and Asia, so market analyzers believe that United States shift from being the world’s largest importer of gas to being a major global exporter till end of current decade. In coming years energy independence in United States will change global geopolitics that Persian Gulf would be the most sensitive area to this change. Huge oil and gas reserves in this area always were one of the major reasons of United States interest in this region. Now a third of global oil demand is supplied by this area and it put in the international focus.In this review shale gas revolution in United States and its impacts on global energy market and other countries is investigated. Specifically on one of the gravity center of world energy, Persian Gulf which rely on its oil and gas revenues highly. The theory would be that by reducing United States energy dependence energy producer especially in Middle East will face hydrocarbon resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - Fuzzy Implication Operators Applied to Country Health Preparation
John Mordeson Sunil Mathew Aswathi PrabhathWe use a new method to determine a fuzzy similarity measure using fuzzy implication operators. We use this method to determine the fuzzy similarity between the two rankings of countries involving health security and health care. We then find a fuzzy similarity of co MoreWe use a new method to determine a fuzzy similarity measure using fuzzy implication operators. We use this method to determine the fuzzy similarity between the two rankings of countries involving health security and health care. We then find a fuzzy similarity of countries involving the two rankings of countries with respect to national disaster and political disaster. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - The Effect of Globalization on The Efficiency effectiveness of Monetary Policies in selected Islamic Countries
Robab Azali seyyed ali paytakhti oskooe منیره دیزجی AliReza tamiziThis study uses the Panel VAR methodology to examine the impact of globalization on the effectiveness of monetary policies in a subset of Islamic countries. For this purpose, first, changes in real per capita gross production and changes in inflation rate were estimated MoreThis study uses the Panel VAR methodology to examine the impact of globalization on the effectiveness of monetary policies in a subset of Islamic countries. For this purpose, first, changes in real per capita gross production and changes in inflation rate were estimated using Hadrick-Prescott filter during the period of 2000-2019. In order to investigate the effect of globalization on production changes and inflation rate changes, auto-regression panel data pattern was used. Then, using the shock response test, the impact of globalization on the efficiency of monetary policies in the economy of selected Islamic countries was analyzed. The findings reveal that globalization, in conjunction with enhanced liquidity, induces shifts in GDP, thereby diminishing the potency of monetary policy. Shocks stemming from the interactive variable of globalization and interest rates drive fluctuations in GDP, underscoring the diminished efficacy of monetary policy due to interest rates. Over the long term, alterations in the inflation rate exhibit no discernible response to shocks from the interactive variables of financial globalization, liquidity volume, and globalization combined with interest rates. Consequently, in the extended term, monetary policy wielded through interest rates mitigates inflationary shifts, underscoring the efficacy of the interest rate channel. Therefore, Islamic countries can strengthen the mobility and transfer of foreign capitals to the country by increasing the domestic interest rate, which with the entry of foreign capitals will strengthen the domestic production capacities, followed by an increase in exports and an increase in foreign investment, and in this way will lead to By strengthening the supply side of the domestic economy, controlling and reducing inflation is achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Philosophical Analysis of the Five Mindsets of Higher Education Directors in Islamic Azad University (Case Study: Tehran and Alborz Provinces)
Fatemeh Parasteh Hosein Abasi Sanaz Esfandiari Maryam Mostafapor hosein abadiThe study is aimed at a philosophical analysis of the five mindsets of higher education administrators in Islamic Azad University. The statistical population of the study includes the directors of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran and Alborz Provinces, in two higher MoreThe study is aimed at a philosophical analysis of the five mindsets of higher education administrators in Islamic Azad University. The statistical population of the study includes the directors of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran and Alborz Provinces, in two higher and middle levels and in three areas of activity including educational, executive and research activities and the sample was selected by purposeful (judgmental) method. The method of data collection is mixed (qualitative and quantitative), where semi-structured interview tools were used in the qualitative part and the data obtained from the qualitative part of the structural self-interaction matrix was used in the quantitative part. To make the matrix consistent, the Boolean rule was used to discover the relationships between the indicators and determine their status, and finally to discover the relationships between the indicators and determine their status, and finally the ISM graph was presented. Findings from the present study indicate that top managers have a pragmatic mindset, middle managers have an analytical mindset, managers in the field of education have a participatory mindset, managers in the field of execution jointly have global and pragmatic mindsets, and managers in the field of research have a reflective mindset. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - Identifying and Explaining the Components of Globalization with Emphasis on the Document of the Fundamental Transformation of Education
Ibrahim Ibrahim Sheikh Baha'I Jahanbakhsh Rahmani Zohre SaadatmandThe issue of globalization is one of the existing realities of human life, which has acted beyond geographical boundaries and has affected all aspects of life, including education. On the other hand, the document of fundamental transformation is proposed as a guide for MoreThe issue of globalization is one of the existing realities of human life, which has acted beyond geographical boundaries and has affected all aspects of life, including education. On the other hand, the document of fundamental transformation is proposed as a guide for the education system, and it is necessary to examine globalization and the methods of the document of fundamental transformation for the effective use of globalization; Therefore, the main goal of the current research was to identify and explain the components of globalization with an emphasis on the document of the fundamental transformation of education. The current research method was qualitative-exploratory with thematic analysis and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research includes all official and written documents and laws related to education in the direction of globalization in the formal public education system of the Islamic Republic, as well as other books, theses and articles related to the title of research in order to answer questions and achieve It was intended for the purposes of the research. The sample size of the solutions in the Fundamental Transformation of Education document which was approved in the meetings from 11/12/89 to 7/5/1390 in the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, with the method of judgmental sampling until theoretical saturation is reached, which in case of repetitive concepts The continuation of the process of repetitive themes was omitted and selected. Thematic analysis method with coding was also used to analyze the data. The findings showed 56 concepts and 5 main themes including 1- structural restoration (transformation and standardization), 2- applied knowledge (technical and theoretical), 3- core development (strategic transformation and empowerment), 4- core participation (core school and facilitation) community-oriented) and 5- global citizen training (e-citizen and ethics-oriented) exists for globalization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Investigating the effects of globalization and the necessity of education management with an emphasis on the fundamental transformation of education
Ibrahim Ibrahim Sheikh Baha&#039;I Jahanbakhsh Rahmani Zohre SaadatmandThe issue of globalization is considered as one of the realities of human society at the present time. Globalization works beyond borders and this has caused the fragility of many areas of society's life and being affected by it. This fact is accompanied by opportunitie MoreThe issue of globalization is considered as one of the realities of human society at the present time. Globalization works beyond borders and this has caused the fragility of many areas of society's life and being affected by it. This fact is accompanied by opportunities and threats for societies, which are serious and necessary to pay attention to. Globalization in the field of education has had profound effects so that all educational systems became aware of the globalization of education and the upcoming changes. The main goal of this research was globalization and the necessity of education management with emphasis on the document of fundamental transformation of education. This research was conducted with qualitative and thematic analysis. It was also practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this research was all the documents of the fundamental transformation of the laws related to education in line with globalization in the formal public education system of the Islamic Republic. The analysis steps were also done by coding method. For the validity of the findings, the researcher first re-coded and entrusted all the stages of coding to some prominent professors in the field of education to judge and express their views on the findings, which was accompanied by some changes and corrections. Also, for reliability, some texts were randomly selected and re-coded with another coder, and the agreement coefficient was 0.79. The findings showed that the educational themes of globalization include (educational and policy reengineering, content modification and development of research and innovation capacity); Educational themes include (deepening Islamic education and manners and global citizen education) and cultural themes include (diversification, increasing participation, promoting social dignity and increasing the role of councils). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Globalization and Development in the 5th Development Program of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Heshmatoulah Falahat pisheh Ghasem MasiyayiiAbstract Development is among the main issues of the transitory nations like Iran. In Iran, the development notion is followed under the five-year programs called “the development programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran”, thereby the full development and ad MoreAbstract Development is among the main issues of the transitory nations like Iran. In Iran, the development notion is followed under the five-year programs called “the development programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran”, thereby the full development and advancement of the nation is programmed for a coming five-year period. Naturally, if it is to be an enterprise for the national development it must be based on the programs. Accordingly, the expert exploration of the programs is of great importance. On the other hand, the phenomenon ‘globalization’ has made the Islamic Republic of Iran to consider the status for the development program formulation. The present study is to explore the attitudes toward the globalization in the 5th Development Program of the Islamic Republic of Iran through the content analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Difference Functional Analysis (DIF) Arabic Course Questions Maths Examination National General Test (2011-2013) Depending on the linguistic Dfferences between Subjects
Erfan Hosseini Samereh Ali MoghadamzadehThe purpose of the present study was to analyze the differential function of Arabic exam questions in mathematics and physics under the influence of students' linguistic differences and their effect on the outcome of the test. The research method was descriptive - a kin MoreThe purpose of the present study was to analyze the differential function of Arabic exam questions in mathematics and physics under the influence of students' linguistic differences and their effect on the outcome of the test. The research method was descriptive - a kind of secondary analysis based on question-answer theory. The population of this study consisted of all students of mathematical physics students who participated in this university entrance exam in 2011-2013. Isfahan Province was selected as the reference group and provinces of Kurdistan, Azerbaijan and Khuzestan as target groups. The research tool was Arabic questionnaire on mathematics and physics in 2011-2013. The results showed that they were uniformly influenced by DIF in 2011 (14 questions), 2012 (15 questions) and 2013 (19 items). In order to examine the effect of DIF on the final result of the test, once all students 'questions were evaluated using Bilog-MG software. At the second stage, the questions with differential function of the set of questions were deleted and the students' re-evaluation was estimated using the The dependent differences of t before and after the removal of quadratic differential functions were estimated, and the result of the fact that DIF questions had an effect on the final result of the test Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Designing the management model of future smart cities based on the components of the citizenship education system
hamed akhavan mahmood safari Masoumeh olaadianThe method of this research is practical in terms of purpose and it was done in an exploratory way. The method of data collection is a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) and the tools of data collection are interviews with experts by conducting specialized inte MoreThe method of this research is practical in terms of purpose and it was done in an exploratory way. The method of data collection is a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) and the tools of data collection are interviews with experts by conducting specialized interviews using the Delphi method, and a questionnaire. Then, through the implementation of the questionnaire, data analysis was done in the qualitative part by coding method (open, axial and selective) and in the quantitative part, the collected data was analyzed in two descriptive and inferential methods through SPSS and Smart PLS software, and the data was analyzed in the inferential analysis using the factor analysis method. (Exploratory factor analysis/Confirmatory factor analysis)The results showed the identified components of the citizenship education system: altruism, work conscience, chivalry, civil behavior, politeness and consideration, rule of law, cooperative spirit, responsibility, self-confidence, socio-political behavior, behavior based on religious and national teachings, environment. and sustainable development and finally smart governance with their indicators were accepted under the title of dimensions and components of the citizen education system model that have more influence in the management of future smart cities. five factors were proposed with high priority. These factors are: first priority: politeness and consideration component; Second priority: the spirit of participation component; Third priority: legalism component; The fourth priority: the civil behavior component and the fifth priority: the responsibility component. Model fit indices in factor analysis confirm the model fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - The position of education and globalization in the opinions of recent Iranian thinkers
fatali hammati haji ali shiravand علی فلاح نژادEducation is the main focus of human life in all eras, especially in the era of globalization, because without education life in the third millennium is not possible. Of course, it should be said that education in the information age is defined by new characteristics su MoreEducation is the main focus of human life in all eras, especially in the era of globalization, because without education life in the third millennium is not possible. Of course, it should be said that education in the information age is defined by new characteristics such as interactive, critical education, influence in people's lives and lifestyle. The central question and purpose of this research is to explain the place of education in the opinions of global thinkers, including Iranians, in the recent period. In order to explain this issue and with a discourse analysis, it can be said that globalization has certain effects on the lives of citizens in all dimensions, such as abandonment, the reduction of governments' sovereignty over the education of citizens, the role of modern media in the direction of people's lives, changes in people's lifestyles, The transformation in the nature of the job and the gelatinous identity. Therefore, it can be said that in the political thought of thinkers in the era of globalization, with characteristics such as the privatization of education, critical thinking, increasing the importance of non-formal education, the difference between university education and citizen life, the economicization of the education category, privatization and digitization. It is framed Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Detection of the first frost of autumn and the last frost of spring with the climate change approach at Gorgan synoptic station
Hossein Imani Pour Abdolreza Kashki mina firoozyazdiChanges in the history of the first frost of autumn and the last frost in the spring could be a serious threat to gardeners and farmers. The purpose of this study is to know how this change will be in the future period (2015-2068) compared to the base period (1961-2014) MoreChanges in the history of the first frost of autumn and the last frost in the spring could be a serious threat to gardeners and farmers. The purpose of this study is to know how this change will be in the future period (2015-2068) compared to the base period (1961-2014) at Gorgan Station. For this purpose, daily data of the Gorgan Minimum Temperature Station was obtained at the observation period from the Golestan Meteorological Office. Then NCEP data, CanESM_RCP_26, RCP_45, RCP 85 were downloaded from Canada's Climate Change site, and using SDSM software, the minimum temperature data for the next period was generated for the three scenarios. Then, the date of the beginning and the end of the glacial to date of Julius was calculated and fitted with SMADA software with different statistical distributions and, using more suitable distributions, the probability of occurrence of freezing days was calculated. The results of this study indicate that the glacial period in the observation period is 75 days. it is also 46 days for the upcoming period in the optimistic scenario. It includes 39 days in the intermediate period and 31 days in the pessimistic scenario, which results in a significant decrease in the duration of the ice period and the increase of the period Growth of plants in the course of the future, which requires more vigilance of planners to deal with the destructive effects of climate change. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Globalization and it’s effect on agricultural economy of Iran: Case study on Cumminum cyminum
Zahra Noori Toupkanloo In order to determine the effect of globalization on agricultural economy of Iran, exporting supply, domestic supply and domestic demand functions of Cumminum cyminum was studied during 1981-1999. The results revealed that globalization trend had positive e More In order to determine the effect of globalization on agricultural economy of Iran, exporting supply, domestic supply and domestic demand functions of Cumminum cyminum was studied during 1981-1999. The results revealed that globalization trend had positive effect on domestic supply and increased domestic production of Cumminum cyminum. However it had negative effect on domestic demand and decreased domestic consumption of the crop. Globalization index had also positive effect on exporting supply of Cumminum cyminum and indicated that it was responsible in increasing of the mentioned crop export. Manuscript profile
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