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Open Access Article
1 - The Effect of Relationship Marketing On Customer Retention through Customer Engagement Considering Customer Citizenship Behavior
Reza Pourmohammad morad rezaei dizgahIn these years due to intense competition companies have forced to use tools and methods for enhancing their customer retention. There effective and common strategies for improving this issue. One of these significant and important strat MoreIn these years due to intense competition companies have forced to use tools and methods for enhancing their customer retention. There effective and common strategies for improving this issue. One of these significant and important strategies is relationship marketing. This research accomplished in order to investigate the effect of relationship marketing on customer retention through customer engagement considering customer citizenship behavior within broiler manufacturers in province of guilan (north of Iran) . This is descriptive survey research based on data collecting. Statistical population were selected among consumers of broiler industry’s products by non-probability sampling method. Data collecting tool were questionnaire and sample size were 150. For testing reliability cronbach’s alpha test was used. For analyzing dates used Amos Graphic and SPSS. Results showed that trust and conflict handling as relation marketing elements have positive and significant effect on customer retention through customer engagement , and also results showed that customer citizenship behavior has no significant effect on relationship of customer engagement and customer retention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The relationship between political behavior and organizational structure through job conflict in the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Fars
Mahrokh Rezayi Omid SafariObjective: The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between political behavior and organizational structure through job conflict in the employees of the Department of Sports and Youth of Fars. Methods: This research was applied and descriptive and MoreObjective: The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between political behavior and organizational structure through job conflict in the employees of the Department of Sports and Youth of Fars. Methods: This research was applied and descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research was all the employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Fars in the number of 114 people, of which 100 people cooperated with the researcher as a sample and by sampling the total number. Dobrin (1978), Wood's organizational structure (2005) and Ghanbari et al.'s job conflict (2004). Descriptive statistics methods were used to describe the data, and Pearson's correlation coefficient, regression, and structural equations were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of the research showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between political behavior and job conflict with organizational structure. Also, political behaviors and occupational conflict had the ability to significantly predict the organizational structure of employees, and finally, the relationship between political behaviors and organizational structure through occupational conflict was positive and significant. (P ≤ 0.01). Conclusions: Therefore, political behavior should not be an obstacle in front of employees, rather it should help employees in providing innovative solutions in different organizational situations, to be able to create more efficiency and effectiveness in the organization with positive involvement in work and creating a suitable organizational structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Reviewing and evaluating the translation of words with conflicting meanings in the Persian translation of the Holy Quran
Sajed SobhaniThe topic of this research is the opposites in the Holy Quran and the importance of the research is that it deals with an issue related to the examination and evaluation of some special words of the Holy Quran and their meanings. The words that have been chosen because MoreThe topic of this research is the opposites in the Holy Quran and the importance of the research is that it deals with an issue related to the examination and evaluation of some special words of the Holy Quran and their meanings. The words that have been chosen because of their great importance in the field of translation, these words have a direct impact on the correctness and inaccuracy of the translation, and the result of their incorrect translation is damage that causes the transmission of Quranic concepts.This article is based on the research and evaluation of the translation of words which, as a result of wrong understanding and choosing the real meanings instead of them, can create differences and ambiguities in the translation and interpretation of the verses of the Quran.Choosing a correct and accurate meaning makes translation difficult for the translator and sometimes leads to problems in their translation.The present research has used the descriptive-analytical method along with the use of dictionaries and various interpretations and opinions of expert linguists and four selected Persian translations of the Holy Quran as examples of sources to investigate and evaluate these differences in this research.This research has reached the following results in examining and evaluating these words:Translators mostly translate the literal translation, some of which are contrary to the expected real meaning, and this means that the desired word in the text in which it is found cannot have another meaning.Sometimes translators translate with the meaning that according to interpretation Their existence is more likely, it has contradictions, and for this reason, it is observed that they do not mention the other meaning of this word. In the translation of some opposite words, translators refer to interpretations that have an interpretive aspect for more information on the meaning of the word. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Presenting a Communicative Model with an Emphasis on Team Cohesion and Conflict Type for the Effectiveness of the Premier League Soccer teams for the Asia Champions League 2019.
abdolreza khosravi reza saboonchi Hamid ForoughipourAbstract: Objective: this study aims to investigate the relationship between group cohesion and conflict types (Task Conflict, Relational Conflict) and the effectiveness of football teams in the Iran's premier league clubs. Methodology: The research method was descripti MoreAbstract: Objective: this study aims to investigate the relationship between group cohesion and conflict types (Task Conflict, Relational Conflict) and the effectiveness of football teams in the Iran's premier league clubs. Methodology: The research method was descriptive (correlation), both field and library. The statistical population includes all the players and coaches of 16 teams competing in the 16th Premier League Football Championship in 2017. To collect data, Widmeyer's Group Coherency Inventory (1985), Jehn’s Conflict Types Questionnaire (1997) and Wang's Team Effectiveness Questionnaire (2000) were used. The results were obtained using structural equation modelling and partial least squares method. Results: The results showed a positively significant relationship between task conflict and relational conflict and team’s effectiveness in the Iran's premier league clubs. Also, both task conflict and relational conflict had negative impact on team’s effectiveness. There is also a positive and significant relationship between teamwork coherence and teamwork effectiveness from the viewpoints of players and coaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Relationship Between Communication System and Organizational Conflict at Hazrate Rassoul Hospital Tehran
A. A. Nasiripour L. Riahi E. AfzalDysfunctional Conflict can cause lost of energy, struggle and tension between managers, personneland organizations customer.The main goal of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the communicationsystem and the organizational conflict at Hazrate MoreDysfunctional Conflict can cause lost of energy, struggle and tension between managers, personneland organizations customer.The main goal of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the communicationsystem and the organizational conflict at Hazrate Rassoul Hospital. In this correlation study, theresearch population were consisted of all managers and different group of employees at HazrateRassoul Hospital in Tehran (Nm=70)(Np=753), and a number of 26 persons of managers and 239persons of personnel were taken accidentally as sample. The data was collected via questionnaireswhich were prepared by the researcher. Respondent was answered to the questionnaire by a self-reportmethod. The information was analyzed by the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, the variance's test Fanalyses and the multiple variant regressions.Average score of the individual conflicts between managers and Their employees was (1.89). Amongthe indicators of the relationship system at the investigated hospital, positiveness (average 3.33),Empathy(3.20), and Supportiveness(2.24) were obtained desirable situation. There was a significantrelationship between the communication system and the individual conflict between managers andtheir employees (R= 0.651). Among the communication system dimensions, Supportiveness has beenplayed the most important role in the regression to the degree of individual conflict (beta standardcoefficient=0.515).mprovement of the communication system through the setting of a proper supportive environment andestablishing a feeling of equity could be influent on the reduction of negative conflicts in healthservices organization Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Examining Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Knowledge Management (KM) Implementation in Central Tehran Branch Faculty of Management
Ayoub Pazhouhan Alireza AmirkabiriKnowledge management that is one of ways for promoting organizational survivalconditions, when will be successfully performed in organization if the appropriate culturalcontext be provided to this system that previously. Because the guidance of current knowledgein organ MoreKnowledge management that is one of ways for promoting organizational survivalconditions, when will be successfully performed in organization if the appropriate culturalcontext be provided to this system that previously. Because the guidance of current knowledgein organization, is a human issue, and completely relates to human resources and depends tostaff organizational culture. Therefore organizations should provide the appropriate culture forsuccessful performance of knowledge management.The purpose of this study is examining relationship among organizational culture andknowledge Management (KM) Implementation in Central Tehran Branch Faculty ofManagementStatistical population of this study includes the whole staff personnel and faculty members ofCentral Tehran Branch, faculty of management ( N: 180), that this number 70 staff personneland 110 faculty members and sample of this research( N: 120), include 40 staff personnel and80 faculty members. For gathering data in this study tow questionnaires, ( %76 validity fororganizational culture questionnaire and %96 validity for knowledge management) have beenused. The respondents evaluated the situation of organizational culture and knowledgemanagement implementation averages in the faculty of management and the results showed thatthere are meaningful relation between organizational culture and it’s categories include:management support, organizational belongings, individual creativity. and leadership style withimplementation of knowledge management in both groups of statistical population and whereasthere is meaningful relation between agreement to conflict and implementation knowledgemanagement in staff group, But in faculty members, there is not meaningful relation betweenagreement to conflict and implementation knowledge management in faculty of management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Investigating the Relationship between Conflict Management Styles and the Staffs' Job Stress with the Aim of Applying the Appropriate Management Style in Future
Ramezan Jahanian Azam IshaghiThis study is run with the aim of investigating the relationship between conflict managementstyles and staffs' job stress in order to apply the appropriate management style in future on thebasis of descriptive correlation method. The population includes all the staffs i MoreThis study is run with the aim of investigating the relationship between conflict managementstyles and staffs' job stress in order to apply the appropriate management style in future on thebasis of descriptive correlation method. The population includes all the staffs in technical andvocational colleges in Alborz province in 2011 which comprise 130 participants and thesubjects are selected according to the simple random sampling on the basis of Morgan's table fordetermining the sample size. The data collection tools are two questionnaires; one is conflictresolution questionnaire which was presented by Weeks (1994) and Fisher and Ury (1991) andjob stress questionnaire which is designed by Osipow (1987). The obtained results indicatesthat there is a meaningful and positive relationship between the competitive, avoidance andcompromise conflict management styles and staffs' job stress. On the other hand, there is nosignificant relationship between sacrificing and cooperative conflict management style andstaffs' job stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Religious Conflicts in Nāßir al-dīn Shāh Era (1848-1896)
Akram Karamali Sahamuddin Khazaei Mohsen RahmatiThe society of Nāsir al-dīn Shāh Period experienced the most quarrels, riots and religious conflicts. Some of those religious conflicts were the continuation of previous traditions and some included new and disruptive ideas. In the present article with a descriptive-ana MoreThe society of Nāsir al-dīn Shāh Period experienced the most quarrels, riots and religious conflicts. Some of those religious conflicts were the continuation of previous traditions and some included new and disruptive ideas. In the present article with a descriptive-analytical method, attempt to answer this question that what was the religious structure of the Iranian society during Naser al-din Shah era and why did it lead to conflicts and group protests in the cities of Iran? The findings of the research indicate that the religious conflicts of the that period can be analyzed in three separate ways on the basis of historical and social contexts and processes; The ongoing conflict between the Heidaris and the Nematis in some Iranian cities, which were used by rulers and other power agents to achieve their goals, religious conflicts between Muslims and religious minorities such as Zoroastrian and Jews, who was influenced by the religious atmosphere of the society and the religious prejudices of the Shiites. These types of conflicts remained in the same local area. The government and local rulers took action to end them in order to prevent the continuation of those conflicts, but the third type of religious conflicts of the era had a different nature and it can be referred to as a religious protest that was formed against the official religion of Iran and the government. Although this protest started before the beginning of the Naser al-din shah reign and affected the intellectual and political atmosphere of some cities, it challenged the religious foundations of the society and the legitimacy of the Qajar rule. Therefore, it was suppressed by the persuasion of Shia’a scholars and the actions of the central government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - An Effective Modality Conflict Model for Identifying Applicable Policies During Policy Evaluation
Hamidah Ibrahim Fatimah Sidi Nur Izura Udzir Poh Kuang Teo -
Open Access Article
10 - The Impact of Political Intelligence on the Choice of Conflict Management Styles (Case study: Managers of Offices and Air Travel Service Companies Tourism of Tabriz)
homa sarvari laleh seyd siamak mousaviBackground: Political intelligence is one of the variables that can play a significant role in managers' relationships with members of the organization and conflict resolution. Objective: To investigate the effect of political intelligence on the choice of conflict mana MoreBackground: Political intelligence is one of the variables that can play a significant role in managers' relationships with members of the organization and conflict resolution. Objective: To investigate the effect of political intelligence on the choice of conflict management styles by managers of air travel and tourism services companies in Tabriz. Method: In terms of applied purpose and in terms of method of nature, it was a descriptive correlation using census method. In the qualitative part of the study population, experts in this field and in the quantitative part of the study population, including all managers of air travel and tourism services companies in Tabriz, 220 people, the data were collected using a questionnaire and tested. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Pearson statistical data were analyzed. Results: The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between political intelligence of agency managers and their conflict management. Also, there is a significant positive relationship between the political intelligence of agency managers with the components of cooperation, competition, compromise and compromise, but there is no significant relationship between the political intelligence of agency managers and the component of avoidance and between the components of political games And there is a significant positive relationship between emotion capture and conflict management. Conclusion: Among these, the strongest relationship has been shown by the style of competition with political intelligence, which means that managers use a coercive style in conflict management and this will have a negative effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - The role of conflict management strategies by mediating the psychological skills of coaches on sports performance in club teams of women's basketball leagues.
faranak Tayari ali mohammad safania Cambys Kamkari Shahre Shokarzadeh Jamshid HemtiThe purpose of the study is to address the role of conflict management strategies (control, competition and avoidance) and the extent of strategic conflict management preferences in coaches and teams under their leadership on team effectiveness (wins and losses, ranking MoreThe purpose of the study is to address the role of conflict management strategies (control, competition and avoidance) and the extent of strategic conflict management preferences in coaches and teams under their leadership on team effectiveness (wins and losses, ranking, and team durability). Investigating how a women's basketball coach prefers to work in a team and to what extent the choice of conflict resolution style affects team effectiveness. According to the review of the published literature, conflict arises in different stages of team formation and is inevitable. Although conflict reduces the productivity of a team, it can also be beneficial in increasing team performance. Team members in different positions prefer different styles to manage conflicts within a team, but there is still no research to determine the extent of these preferences among female basketball coaches, especially when talking about the impact of conflict management in real situations and team performance. be The purpose of the current study was to address this issue by examining and identifying strategic conflict management preferences and team results on team effectiveness (wins and losses, playoffs, rankings, and team longevity). Participants included female coaches from 41 teams in women's basketball, whose preferences were aggregated across three levels of league competition. Data were collected through a multi-part questionnaire to evaluate the study variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Good Faith in the International Commercial Law
کوروش JafarpourThe Principle of Good Faith in the law of contracts is one of themost important and fundamental principles. Nowadays this principleis located and mentioned in general rules of international commercialdocuments. It means that Good Faith should be considered andexecuted i MoreThe Principle of Good Faith in the law of contracts is one of themost important and fundamental principles. Nowadays this principleis located and mentioned in general rules of international commercialdocuments. It means that Good Faith should be considered andexecuted in every transaction. In this article, the author endeavors toexplaine the importance of this principle in international transactions.In the first part it is tried to explain the concept of Good Faith. Thenit is shown the place of this principle in Common Law and Civil Lawsystems. In the second part of this article, it is explained the place ofGood Faith in international Commercial documents like CISG, PECLand UNIDROIT. In this part we can see the great expansion anddevelopment in the scope of Good Faith principle in new internationalcommercial documents. All of these lead us to have an independent common law. The aim of this study is to consider the notion and elements ofevasion of law in private international law as a limitation of party autonomy.It will consider the relationship of this doctrine to other institutions such asavoidance, public policy, good faith and mandatory rules, and will discusswhether or not it can be considered as a proper device for limiting freedomof choice by the parties. Consideration will also be given to the existenceof this doctrine in private international conventions in particular the RomeConvention on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations, 1980. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Democracy, Violent Conflict and National Development in Nigeria
Owens Dennis Araziua Ebomoyi Ikponmwosa -
Open Access Article
14 - Designing a Family Function Model based on the Elements of Marital Conflicts and Intimacy of the Couples Referred to Marriage Consulting Centers in Kermanshah
Aras Rasouli Ali Delavar Abdolah Shafi Abadi -
Open Access Article
15 - The Study of Couple's Self-healing Factors in Islamic Anthropological Principles (based on the Views of Ayatollah Javadi Amoly)
Masoumeh Esmaeily -
Open Access Article
16 - Intergenerational Gap: An Emerging Phenomenon in Iran
Zohreh Najafiasl -
Open Access Article
17 - Investigating the Role of Social Banking in Managing the Financial Conflict of Interest between the Banking System and the Manufacturing Sector
mohamad amiri abas asadi zohreh amiri vahid shahabi Leila Asadi amir razjoo -
Open Access Article
18 - The Role of Conflict between Work and Personal Life in People with a Shift in Working Circles (Case Study;the Hospitals of Khatam-al-Anbia Shahroud and Hazrat Fatemeh Miandoab)
mohsen mohammadian saravi shadan vahabzadehIntroduction: The work-family conflict, dubbed the "incompatibility between work and family roles", emanates from the pressures inherent in the incompatibility of family and professional roles. The present study aims to investigate the conflict between work and personal MoreIntroduction: The work-family conflict, dubbed the "incompatibility between work and family roles", emanates from the pressures inherent in the incompatibility of family and professional roles. The present study aims to investigate the conflict between work and personal life of people with working hours. Methods: Therefore, in view point of the nature is a descriptive-survey method, based on this, for measuring the concepts of research, the standard questionnaire of conflict between work and life has been used. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, which is 0.838 and is in the desired level. For data analysis, one-sample t-test was used in SPSS21 software. Results: the research indicate that there is a high degree of conflict between work and personal life The factor of the time conflict between work and personal life with the mean of15/93 is the highest conflict and the variable of conflict on the basis of stress or pressure with the average of 15/63 in the second and finally the factor of conflict on the basis of behavior with an average of 14/87 third place in the controversy of work and Life is dedicated to them Conclusion: It is suggested that time management and stress management courses be provided by the organization to the employees. Considering the material and spiritual rewards, paying attention to the health and support of employees can increase the amount of their commitment and job satisfaction Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - The relationship between relationship commitment and conflict resolution with the satisfaction of sporting goods customers
Yuosef rostampoor Jafar bargi moghaddam Hussein SharafiThe purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between relationship commitment and conflict resolution with customer satisfaction of sporting goods. The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and is a descriptive-correlative research in ter MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between relationship commitment and conflict resolution with customer satisfaction of sporting goods. The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and is a descriptive-correlative research in terms of its nature. The statistical population consisted of all people who were referred to sporting goods stores to buy them. Sample size was selected based on estimated precautionary measures of 345 people. To collect data, relationship commitment questionnaire and dispute resolution questionnaire (0/76) with commitment reliability coefficient (0/76), conflict resolution (0/84), and residual customer satisfaction (2011) with coefficient of reliability of 0,87 were used. Validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by qualified professors. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Cronbach's alpha, Kolmogorov Simonov, one-sample t-test, independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and ANOVA. All analyzes were performed at P The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between relationship commitment and conflict resolution with the satisfaction of sporting goods customers, and the status of relationship commitment and elimination of conflict from the viewpoint of the customers of sporting goods is undesirable. Also, demographic results showed that the satisfaction of individuals over 47 years of age and above the commitment and resolution of conflicts by sellers is lower than other ages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Examination of the Relationship between Role Stress with Customer Orientation and Job Performance of Retail Salespeople
A. H. Ebrahimy M. Javadi The present research aimed at the examination of the relationship between role stress (role conflict and role ambiguity) with customer orientation and job performance of retail salespeople. The programming and activities of a business meet the good result by the u More The present research aimed at the examination of the relationship between role stress (role conflict and role ambiguity) with customer orientation and job performance of retail salespeople. The programming and activities of a business meet the good result by the up port of sales. Perfect salesperson has certain specifications whose role is reflected in his/ her performance. The present study reports the result of an experiment designed to test the impact of the role stress in the home furniture market. The research method was survey and descriptive-causal and data was collected in Iran Furniture Market. The Sample size consisted of 273 subjects. The research results showed that there was a significant relationship between the role conflict and customer orientation which indicated the significant relationship between the role ambiguity and job performance and customer orientation in turn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Violation of custom with custom in jurisprudence and law
zahra yusefi mesri seyed abogrhasem naghibi faezeh moghtadaeeThe map of custom in deriving rulings is very serious, so that we can claim that many of the differences in jurisprudence are the result of customary statements. Therefore, the understanding of the Shari'ah evidences for the next generations depends on their understandi MoreThe map of custom in deriving rulings is very serious, so that we can claim that many of the differences in jurisprudence are the result of customary statements. Therefore, the understanding of the Shari'ah evidences for the next generations depends on their understanding of the custom of the time of issuance, and according to this understanding of this issue, they analyze the Shari'a evidences and attack it at the same time.Regarding custom, it has been discussed in the past among the books of jurisprudence and principles such as Sharia al-Islam, Jawahar al-Kalam, Arwa al-Wathqa, Kifayeh al-Osul, Fawaid al-Asul, etc. In the present era, books have been written separately in this field. And has been examined. But what is different in this research is the conflict between custom and custom, which is not addressed in books and articles. In this research, first the meaning of custom and its types are briefly discussed, then we dealt with the main issue of the conflict between custom and custom and the preference of each of them. That is, when and where general custom takes precedence over specific custom. Or when practical custom is preferred to word, we have brought the criterion of preference here.Keywords: conflict, custom, preference, preference Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The role of the prohibition of detriment rule in preventing conflicts of interest in implementaion of environmental protection laws
hossein shahbeik Mohammad Javad Heidari Mohammad nazari ferdoseihAccording to most of environmental experts, the main reason for the Enviromental crisis is due to some legal defects that cause conflicts of interest in implementation of environmental laws and regulations. Meanwhile, in the light of the provisions of Article 2 of the L MoreAccording to most of environmental experts, the main reason for the Enviromental crisis is due to some legal defects that cause conflicts of interest in implementation of environmental laws and regulations. Meanwhile, in the light of the provisions of Article 2 of the Law on Environmental Protection, some governmental agencies which are in charge of the environmental protection are one of the main parties to this conflict. The solution to this problem can be reached through reviewing the provisions of Article 2 which has delegated the legal structure and status of the most important custodian of environment, The High Council of Environmental Protection, to an Intra-Departmental and Inter-Ministerial Administrative Council. In this context, some governmental agencies have preferred the interests of the ministry over the environmental interests of the country, whose decisions and approvals in the field of environment are drawn within the framework of the government's short-term economic interests, and in practice, environmental laws and regulations are overshadowed by these interests. Based on the rule of Prohibition of Detriment the position of this council should be upgraded from the Administrative Council within the branch to an inter-force (between Executive, Legislative, and Judiciary Forces) and governing council. This can be an effective step in resolving conflicts of interest and in implementing environmental laws and regulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Principle-Appearance Priority According to Shiite Jurisprudence and Iranian Applicable Law
Abolfazl Alishahi Ghalehjoughi Somayeh Najafi KashkouliOne of the most commonly used fundamental issues in Islamic jurisprudence and therefore in Islamic law is principle-appearance conflict and their relative superiority. Appearance means the reasons that give rise to doubt based the nature of the things, which originates MoreOne of the most commonly used fundamental issues in Islamic jurisprudence and therefore in Islamic law is principle-appearance conflict and their relative superiority. Appearance means the reasons that give rise to doubt based the nature of the things, which originates from proof. On the other hand, principle is a means to resolve conflict and confusion, without trying to discover the facts and without giving rise to any doubt about them. Many scholars use the doctrine of priority of valid presumptions over principles to resolve such conflict, based on which they give priority to principle. How some give priority to principles over presumptions. The law, influenced by Islamic jurisprudence, gives priority to valid presumptions over principles in case of applicable law too, which is quite natural given the law, follows the Islamic jurisprudence. Thus, this research sought to study the concept and discuss the relevant basic arguments to question such rule overall and to answer the question whether appearance or principle must be given priority by a lawyer or judge when faced by appearance-principle conflict Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Related-Party Transactions and Financial Statement Comparability: An Empirical Study of the Conflict of Interest Hypothesis
Khadijeh Najafian Mehdi Safari GerayliAccording to the conflict of interest hypothesis, directors take advantage of related-party transactions for their personal benefits so that companies with related-party transactions present less comparable financial information to mask the adverse effects of such trans MoreAccording to the conflict of interest hypothesis, directors take advantage of related-party transactions for their personal benefits so that companies with related-party transactions present less comparable financial information to mask the adverse effects of such transactions and thus prevent stakeholders from recognizing them. Given this argument, this study aims at exploring the effect of related-party transactions on the comparability of financial statements. To do so, a sample of 86 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2012-2016 were selected and then tested using multivariate regression model based on panel data. In accordance with the conflict of interest hypothesis, the results revealed that related-party transactions lead to a fall in financial information comparability. The findings of the study not only fill the research gap in the field, but also benefit investors, stock exchange and other stakeholders in decision making process Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Investigation of conflict management (competition, reconciliation and avoidance) and identity of management accountants and authenticity of existence According to the school of existentialism
shahrzad ahmadi mansur garkazThe main purpose of this study is to examine the management styles of conflict (competition, compromise and avoidance) and the identity of management accountants with the originality of existence in the school of existentialism. Depending on their living environment, hu MoreThe main purpose of this study is to examine the management styles of conflict (competition, compromise and avoidance) and the identity of management accountants with the originality of existence in the school of existentialism. Depending on their living environment, humans can have different identities that are aligned or in conflict with each other. Conflict management styles can be used to resolve conflicts in the organization. Philosophers of the existentialist school, known as the school of originality of existence, try to give a special place to man and find a way to save man from the aforementioned crises. This research is quantitative and purposeful, applied and descriptive-survey. Data collection with questionnaires is a statistical sample in Mazandaran province in active manufacturing companies in 1398. For this purpose, 210 questionnaires were distributed and finally 118 questionnaires were received. The results of data analysis with SPSS and SMART PLS software separators showed that there is no relationship between competition style in conflict management and identity of management accountants. And there is a positive relationship between compromise style and avoidance in conflict management and identity of management accountants. And there is also a positive relationship between the originality of existence according to the definition of existentialist philosophers and the identity of management accountants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Hegemonic Model of Stakeholders Interest Conflict o in Family-Owned Companies: The Theory of Caudilloism in Corporate Governance
mohsen Sharififard Ahmad Kaabomeir Ali Mahmoodi Fatemeh MehrabaniMeeting stakeholder expectations is an integral part of governance structures, so the presence of effective functions in governance structures reduces the conflict of interest of external stakeholders with the company due to the existence of effective oversight. However MoreMeeting stakeholder expectations is an integral part of governance structures, so the presence of effective functions in governance structures reduces the conflict of interest of external stakeholders with the company due to the existence of effective oversight. However, family ownership structures, as part of corporate governance, always face the premise that they may simply seek to meet the expectations of those in power in the corporate structure by ignoring the interests of other shareholders. Therefore, this study seeks to provide a hegemonic model of creating a conflict of interest between stakeholders in family-owned companies by developing the theory of Caudilloism. In this research, which is considered as a methodology of development and composition, an attempt was made to identify the components of the hegemonic structure of family-owned companies in terms of creating conflicts of interest with stakeholders, relying on meta-hybrid and Delphi analysis processes in the qualitative part of the research. Then, in a quantitative method, interpretive ranking analysis and Mick Mac used to identify the most influential component of the hegemonic structure of family-owned companies in terms of creating conflicts of interest with stakeholders. The statistical population in the qualitative section was 13 specialists and experts in the field of accounting at the university level, and in the small section benefited from the participation of 20 managers of family-owned companies in the capital market who had both knowledge and experience was taken. The basis for sample selection was the use of homogeneous method. The results of the research in the qualitative section, after screening the content of 10 approved studies, indicated the existence of seven components of the hegemonic structure of family-owned companies in terms of creating conflicts of interest with stakeholders. These components evaluated through Delphi analysis and the results of this section showed that all seven components analyzed individually. The results in the quantitative part of the research showed that from the total impact based on the pair scale between research components, the percentage of impact of the non-independence component of the board is higher than other components of hegemonic structure in family owned companies, which means to implement the approach. The hegemonic structure of family-owned companies at the level of capital market companies, the disclosure of information about the functions of the board of directors is more effective than other components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - The Relationship between Work-Family Conflict and Value System of Employees of Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch
abbas ghadamini Nazanin Sadeqzadeh Reza Ebrahimzadeh Dastjerdi Hossein Jafari ChaleshotariIntroduction and purpose of the Research: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between work-family conflict and value system of employees of Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch. Methods: The research method was applied in terms of purpos MoreIntroduction and purpose of the Research: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between work-family conflict and value system of employees of Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch. Methods: The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting data, a descriptive correlational type. The statistical population of this study was all employees and managers of Shahrekord's Islamic Azad University, 300 people.Using Cochran's sampling formula, 168 individuals were selected through simple random sampling method. The instrument of the questionnaire was the standard questionnaire of the Carlson Work-Family Conflict (2002) and Schwartz Value System Standard Questionnaire (1992). Validity of questionnaires was based on content validity using expert opinion, formal validity based on the viewpoint of a number of statistical society and construct validity by factor analysis method .The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and Cronbach's alpha were used. The values of the standardized the Carlson Work - Family Conflict (2002) 0.862 and Schwartz Value System Standard Questionnaire (1992) 0.787 and the analysis of the data was done at two descriptive levels and inferential statistics including Pearson correlation coefficient and regression with moderating effect. Findings: The findings of the research showed that there is a meaningful negative relationship between work-family conflict with the value system (p <0.05). Conclusions: The results also showed that there is a significant negative relationship between time-based conflict, pressure-based conflict and behavior - based conflict with value system components (p <0.05) as well as regression results showed that work-family conflict can predict the value system of employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The Relationship between Cultural Intelligence and Organizational Conflicts (Case Study: Darrehshahr, Health Network)
mehrnoosh jafari seyed mojtaba hosseini mosayeb kazemzadehIntroduction and purpose of the Research: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between cultural intelligence and organizational conflicts Health Network workers Dareh city. Methods: The study was a descriptive - correlational survey was carried o MoreIntroduction and purpose of the Research: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between cultural intelligence and organizational conflicts Health Network workers Dareh city. Methods: The study was a descriptive - correlational survey was carried out in a way. To collect the data in Research a questionnaire on their attitudes towards development Ank and Bourdieu Doubrin was used. The study sample consisted of all Staffs in Health Network of Valiasser Dareh city in 2016 based on statistics obtained to the number of 350 people. 184 samples were selected based on Morgan table. In order to analyze the data in the description of mean, frequency tables, graphs and inferential test, Spearman correlation and regression were used. Findings: The results showed a correlation between cultural intelligence development with organizational conflicts -0.772 at α = 0.01, the cultural intelligence (metacognitive) with an organizational conflicts -0.729 development , the cultural intelligence (congnitive) with an organizational conflicts -0.712 development, intelligence (motivational) with an organizational conflicts -0.717 development, intelligence (conduct) with an organizational conflicts -0.744 development. Conclusions: According to the results, Due to significant negative relationship between cultural intelligence and its dimensions with organizational conflicts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Investigating the effect of emotional intelligence on employee performance with conflict mediator variable of Razi University of Kermanshah
Morteza Ghazanfari Ali malmirThe present study has been investigated with the aim of emotional intelligence on the performance of employees of Razi University of Kermanshah with the mediating variable of conflict. This is a descriptive, survey and correlational study. The method of collecting data MoreThe present study has been investigated with the aim of emotional intelligence on the performance of employees of Razi University of Kermanshah with the mediating variable of conflict. This is a descriptive, survey and correlational study. The method of collecting data and information is library and questionnaire tool. The statistical population of this research is the employees of Razi University of Kermanshah, including employees, faculty members, and managers, and 196 people were selected as the sample size using the Kurjes Morgan table. And 196 questionnaires were distributed among employees and analyzed. The collection tools include the conflict management style questionnaire of Robbins (1998), Schering intelligence questionnaire (1996) and Stephen's employee performance standard questionnaire (2005).The findings showed that emotional intelligence of employees has a positive and significant effect on their performance, conflict also had a positive effect on performance in a derivative form, finally, the conceptual model of the research had the necessary fit and confirmed that emotional intelligence on performance Employees have a positive and significant effect with the mediating variable of conflict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Cultural Crisis and the Study of Crisis Management Solutions: Emphasis on the Cultural Management Viewpoint of the Ministry of cultural & Islamic Guidance
Fatemeh Azizabadi FarahaniAiming at the significance of focusing on the cultural issues and the role ofthe cultural managers in the organizations, this essay studied the cultural crisisand the ways to manage it based on the Islamic Guidance and culture'smanagers' point of view. Pre-supposing tha MoreAiming at the significance of focusing on the cultural issues and the role ofthe cultural managers in the organizations, this essay studied the cultural crisisand the ways to manage it based on the Islamic Guidance and culture'smanagers' point of view. Pre-supposing that the gap between the firstgeneration and the second as well as the third, results from the fact thatIslamic values and beliefs have not been institutionalized among the thirdgeneration, the researcher designs the hypothesis that the cultural conflicts in acultural system, while cultural invasions, results in a cultural crisis in thecountry. Data, via field study and interview with forty managers from theIslamic Guidance and Cultural Ministry, was collected and after analysis,findings showed that the cultural differences among three generations werebecause of the week transfer of the values and cultural attitudes toward theyoung generation. Inappropriate cultural managers, different decision andpolicy makers, as well as the lack of coordination among cultural institutionswere the causes of the cultural disorders Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Explaining and Analyzing Effective Cultural Factors
Meysam shamsyan lila niroomand norooz hashemzehi somaye tajeekConflict in communication usually derives from human thoughts, feeling attitudes, perceptions, and values and It reflects some main traits of the human personality Therefore, some of cultural values and tendency of people or their perception from various situations can MoreConflict in communication usually derives from human thoughts, feeling attitudes, perceptions, and values and It reflects some main traits of the human personality Therefore, some of cultural values and tendency of people or their perception from various situations can cause to conflicts. This article aims to analyze the cultural factors affecting the interpersonal communication of the staff of the Administrative Justice Court. This is an applied research and according to the objectives a survey method has been used. The statistical population consistedof athousand ofstaff member of the administrative justice court of Tehran province.by using the Morgan table 172 samples were selected and analyzed by systematic sampling method. The reliability of data collection tools is confirmed by the crony bronco’s alpha and its validity by using the professors and expert’s comments. The consequences reveal that the amount of interpersonal conflict is in moderate. also the Pearson coefficient shows that between the various cultural factors among variables, there is a significant correlation between the rate of use of internal media, external media and cultural values with the conflict of interpersonal communication among employees. albeit, there was no significant correlation between the amount of social network usage and the rate of interpersonal communication conflicts among employees. The results of multivariate regression model demonstrated that only the use of internal media with beta coefficient (-0.27) and the use of external media with beta coefficient (17.0) had a direct effect on the Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Recognizing and prioritizing conflict of interest in Islamic Republic of Iran Organization of Broadcasting
Ali Damavandi kenariThe issue of conflict of interest is at the root of corruption and inefficiency.Given the importance of conflict of interest management in the efficiency and prevention of corruption on the one hand, as well as the important position of IRIB as a pervasive media in the MoreThe issue of conflict of interest is at the root of corruption and inefficiency.Given the importance of conflict of interest management in the efficiency and prevention of corruption on the one hand, as well as the important position of IRIB as a pervasive media in the country, on the other hand, the importance of identifying conflicts of interest in the organization in order to structure it more effectively. Makes it necessary. Accordingly, the study was conducted through the study of some documents and interviews with about 20 university experts and professors and a survey with the statistical population of 120 Broadcasting experts and media researchers. The recognized items in the research are: conflict of incomes with duties, conflict of duty with duty, observer and order alliance, executor and lawmaker alliance, simultaneous employment, revolving door, and gift acceptance. According to Fridman testing method, simultaneous and revolving door ranked first while conflict of duty with duty ranked last. In addition, some approaches to deal with the mentioned items are suggested in the research Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - The effectiveness of Transactional analysis approach on Family adaptability in women with marital conflicts Due to the Coronavirus outbreak crisis
hamidreza vatankhahThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of interaction behavior analysis training on couples coping strategies and family adaptation in women with marital conflicts caused by the Corona virus outbreak crisis. The statistical population of the present stu MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of interaction behavior analysis training on couples coping strategies and family adaptation in women with marital conflicts caused by the Corona virus outbreak crisis. The statistical population of the present study included all women who referred to Talieh Salamat Counseling Center in Tehran in April 1400 due to marital conflicts caused by the crisis of the outbreak of Corona virus. In this study, according to the inclusion criteria of the available method, 30 people were selected and then randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. And Family Cohesion Elson et al. FACES-III David H. Elson, Joyce Portner, and Joao Levy (1985) analyzed the data using univariate analysis of covariance. Findings showed that the effectiveness of interaction behavior analysis (TA) training was effective in increasing family adaptation at the level. The two periods of pre-test and post-test show a significant difference between the control and experimental groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Studying the Social Factors Effective on the Improvement of Organizational Role (A Case Study: The Employed Woman at Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran)
Masoumeh Abdolvahabi Ali Roshanaei Omid Ali Ahmadi Hossein Jamali AshtianiThe present research aims at the study of the social factors effective on the improvement of the organizational role of the employed women. By integrating theories of Giddens' structuration, social exchange, feministic theories and role conflict, the theoretical framewo MoreThe present research aims at the study of the social factors effective on the improvement of the organizational role of the employed women. By integrating theories of Giddens' structuration, social exchange, feministic theories and role conflict, the theoretical framework of the research offered a model to explain the transformations in an organization, motivations to role improvement, and women´s position on pyramid of organizational role.Explanation method was used for the research. Statistical community includes employed women at Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. Sample size was 150 as calculated by random sampling based on Cochran's formula. Researcher-made questionnaire was used to gather data, and data processing was done using software.Results show that women are not present at higher levels of the organization and, despite the opportunities for their presence at the middle levels, the related role improvement during the employment period is less than %5. Pearson's correlation coefficient test showed that from different variables, including the number of successful exemplary women, support by the organization, and role transition, respectively had the most powerful correlation with the dependent variable. In multivariate regression analysis, job satisfaction, support by the organization, the number of successful exemplary women, role transition, and conditions of employment are the significant variables. And, net effect of job satisfaction variable on position improvement of the employed women is more than that of the independent variables. Multivariate regression could express %41 of the variable of job improvement of women. Thus, the results confirm the theoretical framework and Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Evaluation of social consequences of the ZAYANDEH ROOD River dryness on the community East of Isfahan farmers
hossein behzadfar Asghar Mohammadi mansour haghighatianIn recent years, along with population growth and occurrence of climate change and fluctuations, problem of water scarcity in country has been increases and negative social, economic, and environmental consequences of this crisis have affected central regions of country MoreIn recent years, along with population growth and occurrence of climate change and fluctuations, problem of water scarcity in country has been increases and negative social, economic, and environmental consequences of this crisis have affected central regions of country, especially in the ZAYANDEYROOD area. Currently, the ZAYANDEYROOD dryness is one of the most important concerns in Isfahan province, which can lead to social crises. Therefore, present applied research has conducted with the aim of investigation the ZAYANDEYROOD dryness and its social consequences on East of Isfahan farmers by survey research method. Statistical population of research was East of Isfahan farmers (41000 people) that were selected Based on the Cochran formula, 380 people selected by random sampling method. Data analyzed by AMOS and LISREL software using confirmatory factor analysis method. Research findings confirmed the socio-mental effects of ZAYANDEYROOD River dryness on East of Isfahan farmers, and results of confirmatory factor analysisshowed that among six factors considered, factor of social conflict was at highest and social welfare factor was at lowest level. Finally, results showed that ZAYANDEYROOD River dryness has socio effects on variables such as social health, social status, social capital and also, social welfare have significantly decreased among East-Isfahan farmers, and increases the immigration and social conflicts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Qualitative study of career- family role conflict of female teacher in Saveh city
leila fathi tayebeh ghasemiIn addition to being responsible for the family plans that have long been attributed to them, most working women also take on job responsibilities due to numerous economic, social, and cultural factors. They are subjected to objective and mental pressures.This research MoreIn addition to being responsible for the family plans that have long been attributed to them, most working women also take on job responsibilities due to numerous economic, social, and cultural factors. They are subjected to objective and mental pressures.This research seeks to identify the job-family role conflict of women with the qualitative method and grounded theory strategy. Participants in the present study were 20 female teachers living in Saveh who were interviewed in a semi-structured manner. Then the data were analyzed using open, axial and selective three-stage coding. Findings indicate that causal conditions and job-family role conflict in female teachers include; Accumulation of role and limitation of time and energy - Structural economic problems - Cultural norms on society - Empowerment, independence, and social status reduce the pressure of the position. Underlying conditions and contexts for reducing work-family role conflict; Legal protection of women - education of cooperation and cooperation in the family - equality of women's rights - relative welfare in society. Interventional conditions that significantly reduce conflict include; Job Satisfaction - Organizational and Government Support - The family as a support institution. The strategy of female teachers in role conflict situations; Dividing work and involving the family with discourse is the management of energy and time, and ultimately the consequences of role conflict among employed female teachers; Alienation and reduced human development - the spread of social harm - reduced mental health, well-being and quality of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The role of social support in preventing job-family role conflict
SeyedAlireza Afshani Lida Hatefi-radWork and family are two main areas in every body's life that simultaneous involvement with dual roles of these two has some effect on the organization, the individual and his family. This research aims to examine social support of employed people among employed women in MoreWork and family are two main areas in every body's life that simultaneous involvement with dual roles of these two has some effect on the organization, the individual and his family. This research aims to examine social support of employed people among employed women in Yazd which is one of social factors related to work- family conflict. Research method was survey and data collected by a questionnaire and 323 employed woman selected by cluster sampling method. Data were analyzed by the statistical software’s, namely SPSS and AMOS. The Findings of this study indicate that social support of employed people had significant and negative relationship with work-family conflict. Also there is a significant and negative relationship between social support of family and social support of supervisor with work- family conflict. In contrast, no significant relationship was found between social support from colleagues and role conflict. Thus, social support from family and work is essential in order to reduce the pressure and stress of female employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Explanation of the Possibilities and Tools of Mass Media on the Formation of Good Governance in Developing Societies (with Emphasis on Global Experiences)
Ali Damavandi Kenari Seyed Ali Tabatabaiepanah Sousan SafaverdiThe issue of conflict of interest is at the root of corruption and inefficiency. Given the importance of conflict of interest management in the efficiency and prevention of corruption on the one hand, as well as the important position of IRIB as a pervasive media in the MoreThe issue of conflict of interest is at the root of corruption and inefficiency. Given the importance of conflict of interest management in the efficiency and prevention of corruption on the one hand, as well as the important position of IRIB as a pervasive media in the country, on the other hand, the importance of identifying conflicts of interest in the organization in order to structure it more effectively. Makes it necessary. Accordingly, the study was conducted through the study of some documents and interviews with about 20 university experts and professors and a survey with the statistical population of 120 Broadcasting experts and media researchers. The recognized items in the research are: conflict of incomes with duties, conflict of duty with duty, observer and order alliance, executor and lawmaker alliance, simultaneous employment, revolving door, and gift acceptance. According to Fridman testing method, simultaneous and revolving door ranked first while conflict of duty with duty ranked last. In addition, some approaches to deal with the mentioned items are suggested in the research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Explaining and Analyzing Cultural factors Affecting the Conflict of Interpersonal Relationships (Case study: Staff of the Court of Administrative Justice of Tehran Province)
Meysam Shamsian Leila Niroumand Somayyeh Tajik Esmaeili Norouz HashemzehiThe main source of cooperation, partnership, healthy relationships and non-cooperation and organizational conflict is the human conflict today. Unusual conflict within the organization. Organizations must address the disruptive and disruptive factors in order to maximiz MoreThe main source of cooperation, partnership, healthy relationships and non-cooperation and organizational conflict is the human conflict today. Unusual conflict within the organization. Organizations must address the disruptive and disruptive factors in order to maximize the physical, mental, and intellectual potential of their employees .some of cultural values and tendency of people or their perception from various situations can cause to conflicts. This article aims to analyze the cultural factors affecting the interpersonal communication of the staff of the Administrative Justice Court. This is an applied research and according to the objectives a survey method has been used. The statistical population consisted of a thousand of staff member of the administrative justice court of Tehran province.by using the Morgan table 172 samples were selected and analyzed by systematic sampling method. The reliability of data collection tools is confirmed by the crony bronco’s alpha and its validity by using the professors and expert’s comments. The consequences reveal that the amount of interpersonal conflict is in moderate. Also the Pearson coefficient shows that between the various cultural factors among variables, there is a significant correlation between the rate of use of internal media, external media and cultural values with the conflict of interpersonal communication among employees. Albeit, there was no significant correlation between the amount of social network usage and the rate of interpersonal communication conflicts among employees. The results of multivariate regression model demonstrated that only the use of internal media with beta coefficient (-0.27) and the use of external media with beta coefficient (17.0) had a direct effect on the conflict of interpersonal communication. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Geopolitical Conflicts of Regional and Trans-regional Powers in the Syrian Crisis and Its Impact on Regional Electricity of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Ali Rahimi ezzatolah ezzati masoud mahdavi hajilouyiThe evolution of the geopolitical environment of the Southwest Asian security environment since the September 11, 2001, events has forced regional and trans-regional powers to take different approaches to the crises in the region. Since Syria has been a gateway for Iran MoreThe evolution of the geopolitical environment of the Southwest Asian security environment since the September 11, 2001, events has forced regional and trans-regional powers to take different approaches to the crises in the region. Since Syria has been a gateway for Iran's entry into the Arab world for many years, the axis of Iran's resistance to the Mediterranean and so on has been central. Therefore, weakening Syria, in addition to weakening the axis of resistance, will result in a reduction of Iran's regional influence and power. The present study is a descriptive-analytical one and the main purpose of this paper is to analyze the regional power of Iran in the light of Syrian geopolitical conflicts. The results show that the geopolitical conflicts of the regional and trans-regional powers of Syria will have major effects on the regional power of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Investigation of the effective geographical factors on the codification of National Iranian Strategy with emphasis on political Strategy.
معصومه Taheri MousaviNot Long ago strategies concept embraced as military. Thus now a days strategy doesn't limited only by militarization, it means development manners, similar how to use politics, Economics, military, society and cultural resources. In fact national strategy includes comp MoreNot Long ago strategies concept embraced as military. Thus now a days strategy doesn't limited only by militarization, it means development manners, similar how to use politics, Economics, military, society and cultural resources. In fact national strategy includes complex vast assessment from technologic resources, national preferences, and geopolitical factors. There are many relations between strategies study and political sciences, it's clear that three studies include strategy Geopolitics and political geography have common. Concepts and similar patterns, as position, distance, space, distribution and composition. Geopolitics view pointers believe : "Political national boundaries access to important sea ways, they emphasis about international lands beside seas. Thus Iran has special physical anthropological position and needs suitable strategy in different levels as national field areas, regional, and international. Because Iran has settles between Caspian sea in north and Persian Golf in south, due to has been necessary making use maritime power with codification navy strategy, consensus and coalition strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The relationship between organizational culture and Organizational capital Features(Case Study: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance)
Toraj Mujib Ezatolah AskariThis study examines the relationship between characteristics of organizational culture and organizational readiness to invest in the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidancedeals. Hypotheses based on five basic components of organizational culture model of Davi includ MoreThis study examines the relationship between characteristics of organizational culture and organizational readiness to invest in the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidancedeals. Hypotheses based on five basic components of organizational culture model of Davi including "identity", "risk", "satisfaction", "award criteria" and "conflict-tolerant" is The research managers and personnel of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance (approximately 750 patients) form. A sample of 256 subjects stratified random sampling method selected Morgan (total of 300 questionnaires were distributed). The study of the distribution of the sample and sampling, it was determined that the normal distribution and therefore parametric statistics were used to test the assumption. Aydadhhay study questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha of .832 in two demographic variables (five variables) and the main part consists of 20 multiple-choice questions with Likert items were extracted. Statistical data analysis, including both descriptive (frequency - mean ...) and inferential statistics were used. The KS test statistic, and to examine the relationship Mtghyyrhav Pearson correlation test was used to evaluate the hypothesis. All hypotheses at a significance level of 99% (05/0> p) was confirmed, and the resultsshow that the characteristics of the organizational culture and identity, "" risk-taking " satisfaction "," award criteria "and" conflict tolerance "organizational capital are ready to compare the viewpoints of employees indicate that they bear Drmvlfh conflict with other like-minded staff and manager are Comparative analysis indicated that managers and employees Negative component tolerances conflict management staff of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance vice versa do not believe in the existence of component tolerances believe Vvjvd conflict it causes loss of organizational capital Solidarity know Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The Role of Iranian Cinema in Acceptance of Afghan Immigrants
toktam farmanfarmaee parisa jafarzadehIntroduction & Objective:The most important factors in group and individual migration, at least in the past two centuries, with a brief look at the immigration phenomenon have been factors such as war, poverty and unemployment. Although immigration can have very neg MoreIntroduction & Objective:The most important factors in group and individual migration, at least in the past two centuries, with a brief look at the immigration phenomenon have been factors such as war, poverty and unemployment. Although immigration can have very negative economic, social and psychological impacts for immigrant and their populations, on the other hand, it can have positive cultural, social and economic issues. This paper seeks to examine and investigate the effects and consequences of Afghan immigration. In this regard, over thirty years of presence of Afghan refugees in Iran has been attended by many movie maker and various films and serials have been made on this matter that have encountered with positive and negative reactions at the national and international levels. The subject of the research was to study the role of cinema in accepting and refusing Afghan refugees in Iran with an emphasis on Iranian cinema in the 2000s. According to its importance, Cinema, due to its impact on the minds of the community can act realistic in creating people's attitudes towards the acceptance of Afghan refugees by creating clear and positive images or themes or even conversely, as an informative tool. Method: Analytical-descriptive quantitatively and qualitatively as the spss method is used to express the data and analyze the survey. The main indicators of the statistical society include family, education, marriage, employment, government, residence and war. Findings: The coding of research variables including personality, acceptance of self and others, social trust, lifestyle, social security, economic development, and policy making, based on the conceptual model of research have been done. Also, war is the most effective factor, based on observation and surveys, in accepting and refusing Afghan refugees, which seventy percent of people have referred to. Conclusion: The 2000s cinema of Iran has played a role in accepting and denying Afghan refugees. Also, in policy-making, it is quite evident, the lack of planning of the state and the law enforcement agencies in confronting with Afghan refugees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Factors Affecting Conflict Management from the Perspective of Tehran Keshavarzi Bank Employees
Reza Dinpanah Navid NaeimianThe purpose of this research was to study factors affecting conflict management from the perspective of Tehran Keshavarzi Bank employees. The methodological approach of this study was descriptive- correlative. The research population consisted of 1200 Keshavarzi Bank em MoreThe purpose of this research was to study factors affecting conflict management from the perspective of Tehran Keshavarzi Bank employees. The methodological approach of this study was descriptive- correlative. The research population consisted of 1200 Keshavarzi Bank employees, which 291 of them selected using randomizing sampling method (n=291). Validity of the instrument was established by a panel of experts consisting of senior faculty members in Sari University and research committee advisors in Tehran Keshavarzi Bank. Reliability analysis was conducted by using and Cronbach alpha formula and result was 0.87. Dependent variable was conflict management and independent variables include factors of economic, social, management and extension- education. The results showed that economic factor explained variation of 19% of control style in conflict management and factors of extension- education and economic explained variation of 5.6% of collaborating style in conflict management. Also factors of social and economic explained variation of 24.2% of avoiding style in conflict management, and factors of management, extension- education and social explained variation of 18.9% of accommodating style in conflict management. Also factors of management and extension- education explained variation of 23% of compromising style in conflict management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Environmental terrorism centered on armed conflict in the light of international criminal law
behrooz sepehri nourooz kargari Mohammad Ashouri ghassem ghassemiEnvironmental terrorism is a violent behavior that with the intention of depriving the peace, order and security of human societies, by targeting the environment, endangers human life and health and environmental security and whenever at the same time with Conflicts Arm MoreEnvironmental terrorism is a violent behavior that with the intention of depriving the peace, order and security of human societies, by targeting the environment, endangers human life and health and environmental security and whenever at the same time with Conflicts Armed and on the part of one of the parties to the conflict, it causes extensive and irreparable damage and not only endangers the health and life of the contemporary generation, but also endangers the health of future generations and deprives the healthy of environment. Therefore, reviewing strategies to deal with such events is the main purpose of current research. The present research has been done in a descriptive-analytical manner and in the form of citations through the use of library and electronic resources including books, articles, dissertations, regulations and international documents in Persian and English languages. The only way to fight with this criminal phenomenon is to bind the parties to the conflict to the norms and regulations related to international humanitarian law and to criminalize the violation of such regulations, in order to control the violence of the conflicting parties within the limits of international regulations. Violation of such regulations will result in criminal prosecution charges of "international crimes" or "serious crimes of international importance." Although Article 5 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court 1998 does not forecast environmental terrorism as an international crime, but because of the profound and irreparable harmful effects on human life and health and the health of the environment and the possibility of spreading such effects to remote areas. And even to future generations, international legal doctrine and documents recognize environmental terrorism as an acute example of terrorism and its importance in the line of international crimes and the effects of international crimes on it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Analyzing the Conflict of Allocating Environmental Water Share Among Rival Governmental Organizations
Hossein Zanjanian Mohammad Hossein Niksokhan Mojtaba Ardestani Hamid Abdolabadi Mehdi GhorbaniBackground and Objective: Since allocating water to satisfy environmental water share can cause a conflict among governmental organizations supplying water, withdrawing water, and protecting the ecosystem, recognizing and analyzing such situations is paramount significa MoreBackground and Objective: Since allocating water to satisfy environmental water share can cause a conflict among governmental organizations supplying water, withdrawing water, and protecting the ecosystem, recognizing and analyzing such situations is paramount significance and can avoid encountering serious conflicts. In this research, we analyzed the actions of involved organizations which are either using or supplying water from Ilam’s dam to find the equilibria and the possible outcomes of the conflict. Method: We used Graph Model for Conflict Resolution to study the actions and strategies of rival organizations managing water allocation and involving in water conflict. The involved organizations are determined based on uses of Ilam’s dam. To define the strategies, all the measures and decisions of these organizations have been studied since 2005. In addition, the effect of drought years on the players’ actions is taken into account. Finally, we compared the status-quo with the results of the base line strategy of the model. Findings: Equilibria results suggest that in states 27 and 32 the Jihad Agriculture Organization and the Water and Wastewater Companyare interested in withdrawing more water to achieve their goals. As a result, the Department of Environment will complain against them to protect ecosystem and provide the required environmental water share. In this case, the Regional Water Authority and the Governorship can play a dominant role in accomplishing to the stable outcomes. Furthermore, it is shown that the status-quo is not stable. Discussion and Conclusion: Analyzing this conflict indicates that all players have enough power to change the game's output. Therefore, their goals and measures can effectively change the equilibria and the future of the conflict Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - The views of local and governmental forest stakeholders on agriculture and livestock in the Almaneh forests in Sarv Abad city
Soroush Zabihollahi javad mirzaei farzad eskandari manuchehr namiranian arezo soltaniBackground and Objectives: Forest conversion to agriculture, Forest Understory cultivation and grazing in the forest are considered as the most important factors in the destruction of Zagros forests and in this regard, local and governmental stakeholders have different MoreBackground and Objectives: Forest conversion to agriculture, Forest Understory cultivation and grazing in the forest are considered as the most important factors in the destruction of Zagros forests and in this regard, local and governmental stakeholders have different and contradictory views together. The purpose of this study was to gain a perspective of stakeholders regarding agricultural and livestock activities in Almaneh allotment forests in Sarvabad city. In the Almaneh`s forest village, agricultural activities whether farming or horticultural are carried out either inside the forest (in the form of understory farming, or deforestation and conversion to agriculture and orchard) or at the edge of the forest which in any case affects the forest. In this village livestock also has a direct impact on the forest and it can always be described as an integral part of the forest.Material and Methodology: The statistical society of this study includes the people of Almaneh village and some experts of the Natural Resources and Agricultural offices of Kurdistan province. The main instrument of the study is a questionnaire and In total, 115 local and state stakeholders views using a Likert scale on Forest conversion to agriculture, Forest Understory cultivation and grazing in the forest were investigated. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for data analysis using SPSS software.Findings: According to the results, local stakeholders are not aware of their activities in deforestation and agricultural experts agree with them. But natural resources experts have opposite view. In other words, local and state practitioners have a different perspective on many aspects of the activity and the conflict between local practitioners and government experts, especially natural resource experts, is clearly visible.Discussion and Conclusion: So, from a stakeholders perspective, a common item is selected as the selected stakeholders item in all three activities, which shows that these activities are due to economic problems and the lack of local people's income. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Provide a Model for Organizational Bullying Preventing to Develop Green Functions
Mohammadmehdi Khodaverdi Mohammadbagher Gorji Majid Nasiri Abdolghani RastgarBackground and Objective: Environmental changes in the last decade have led to a change in the nature of organizations and their functions. Therefore, due to their social responsibility to society and stakeholders, organizations try to develop the organization in the en MoreBackground and Objective: Environmental changes in the last decade have led to a change in the nature of organizations and their functions. Therefore, due to their social responsibility to society and stakeholders, organizations try to develop the organization in the environment by changing theories such as organizational behavior. The purpose of this is provide a model for preventing bullying in the organization to develop green functions. Material and Methodology: This research is developmental in terms of methodology based on the result and is hybrid in terms of data type. In the qualitative part of the research, through meta-combined and Delphi analyzes, an attempt was made to first examine the components of bullying prevention of the organization for the development of green functions and then to determine their theoretical adequacy based on Delphi analysis. In the quantitative part of the research, an attempt was made to prioritize the approved components of the qualitative part during the process of analyzing the comprehensive interpretive structural model in order to determine the most effective ones. The target population in this study in the qualitative part included 15 management specialists at the university level and in the quantitative part were 30 human resources managers of the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation of the three provinces of Semnan, Karaj and Tehran. Findings: The results showed that the component of prevention of discrimination and conflict with the aim of the effectiveness of green functions becomes the most effective factor in preventing bullying of the organization for the development of green functions. Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that conflict control gives employees more motivation to develop behaviors in line with green functions and causes them to accept roles beyond the assigned roles in the field of organization with the peace of mind created in the organizational environment. Based on that, to help make the organization more sustainable in the green field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Assessing the effect of development management scenarios in mitigating the residential and agricultural land use conflict
Ali Asgarian Alireza Soffianian Saeid Pourmanafi Mohsen Bagheri BodaghabadiBackground and Objective: Residential land encroachment on agricultural areas presents a global challenge regarding land use management. Such a challenge needs crucial attention in Iran where agricultural activities suffer from resource shortage and land use management MoreBackground and Objective: Residential land encroachment on agricultural areas presents a global challenge regarding land use management. Such a challenge needs crucial attention in Iran where agricultural activities suffer from resource shortage and land use management practices are ineffectively planned and enforced. Material and Methodology: An attempt was first made to delineate agricultural land use suitability. Two scenarios namely Current Development (CD) and Environmental Development (ED) were mapped and transplanted to CA-Markov model to simulate urban growth up to 2030, 2040 and 2050. Finally, severity of conflicts was analyzed based on loss of the extent and the corresponding suitability of agricultural lands. Findings: The results showed that ED scenario is more successful in protecting suitable agricultural lands than CD scenario (nearly one thousand ha). Moreover, CD scenario is projected to occur in areas with relatively higher agricultural suitability values. The difference between the scenarios is not significant for near future (2030), but significant for the ending simulation period (2050). Discussion and Conclusion: ED scenario is more succeeded in protecting quantitative and qualitative agricultural lands. By implementing this scenario from now, it takes 35 years to significantly mitigate the conflict between the two land uses. However, the effectiveness of such scenarios requires simultaneous attention to socio-economic parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The effect of transparency of information on the relationship between family ownership and cost of debt
Zohre Hajiha Javad OradiThe main purpose of this research, The effect of transparency of information on the relationship between family ownership and cost of debt for companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Statistical population consisted of 27 family and 76 nonfamily companies of the study perio MoreThe main purpose of this research, The effect of transparency of information on the relationship between family ownership and cost of debt for companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Statistical population consisted of 27 family and 76 nonfamily companies of the study period of 2009 to 2016 year-on behalf. In this study using a scores of ranking system of disclosure quality and information science Tehran Stock Exchange, for the separation of firms, the firms with low and high level of information disclosure. The statistical method, used in order to test the second research hypothesis, is panel data. The results of the first hypothesis of this research showed that there is a significant positive relationship between family ownership and cost of debt. In other words, the cost of debt in family firms is higher than nonfamily firms. Then, by examining the second hypothesis, it became clear that transparency of information on the relationship between family ownership and the cost of debt has a significant negative effect. This indicates the fact that the family enterprise-level higher information transparency, cost of debt decreases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Qualitative assessment of the social-environmental components of the Gawooshan dam project from the point of view of the project actors
soheila sefidgar farahnaz Rostami Maryam TatarBackground and purpose: Many researches have been conducted in the field of social impact assessment of rural projects, but few researches can be found that examine the social impact assessment from the perspective of the stakeholders. This is despite the fact that the MoreBackground and purpose: Many researches have been conducted in the field of social impact assessment of rural projects, but few researches can be found that examine the social impact assessment from the perspective of the stakeholders. This is despite the fact that the evaluation of social effects with the participation of stakeholders can lead to the formulation of more serious programs, better evaluation and management of conflicts in this field. Therefore, the present study investigates the social effects of the dam as perceived by the stakeholders in order to gain a deep insight using the qualitative method. Methods: The current research has used the qualitative paradigm and the descriptive-interpretive research method to achieve the research goal. For this purpose, 10 key experts (Agricultural Jihad of Kermanshah province, Natural Resources Department and Environment and Water-Regional Department of Kermanshah province) and 28 local people of the villages covered by the project were studied. Data collection was done through focused group discussions, in-depth individual interviews, observation and document study with an average time of 25 to 40 minutes. The interviews were analyzed using the communicative content analysis method. Reliability was established through the control of people's opinions by other interview participants and the researcher's self-review during the data analysis process. Reassurance (validity) was also done by presenting all documents, notes and recorded interviews to the research team after analysis by the researcher. Results: The results of the interviews showed that the participants in the research evaluated the effects of the dam on the quality of life by expressing 38 positive concepts and improving the sense of place by expressing 5 positive concepts and believe that the implementation of this project will lead to a decrease in social capital by expressing 23 The concept of impact and damage to natural and environmental resources has been defined by expressing 10 concepts of impact. Discussion and conclusion: The results of the research show the impact of the implementation of development projects on all social, economic and environmental aspects of the residents of the region. Therefore, planners and officials are advised to pay attention to the evaluation of all dimensions of development, especially the social dimensions of the residents of the affected areas, in order to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the programs in the implementation of development interventions at the strategic level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - An Investigation and Critique of Theoretical Foundations of Forqan al-Haq in Contradiction with the Holy Quran
vahid vatankhah keyvan ehsaniAbstractThe Holy Quran is the Book of Revelation and the Miracle of the Last Prophet, has always been under attack for his special plans.The quran has called on the opposition to bring something like that, if they doubt its divinity, "Farqan al-Haq" is a contemporary ex MoreAbstractThe Holy Quran is the Book of Revelation and the Miracle of the Last Prophet, has always been under attack for his special plans.The quran has called on the opposition to bring something like that, if they doubt its divinity, "Farqan al-Haq" is a contemporary example of the claimant's response to this challenge Which has done in the greatest historical conflict with the Qur'an, by stealing and adapting the text, content and content of the verses, has made 77 sections to reject the teachings of the Qur'an.The present article analyzes and critiques the theoretical foundations of the project designers through an analytical-descriptive method. The authors of the study show that the creators of this book, in the light of Christian theology and compiling a series of skeptics and objections of Jews, Christians, and Orientalists, have constructed sections. And inducing the personalization of Islam, the destruction of the Prophet's personality, Contribution in the validity of the verses of the Qur'an and they have put the defense of Christianity at the heart of their controversy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Critical Study of Ethical Conflicts from David Ross Point of View Based on Verses and Traditions
Samereh Shahedi Mohammad Reza ZamiriOne of the most important applied ethics and ethics philosophy issues is the "ethical conflict". Because human being would face conflicts between attainment and failure in doing his duties. According to David Ross, the doer of the ethics may meet several and differemt d MoreOne of the most important applied ethics and ethics philosophy issues is the "ethical conflict". Because human being would face conflicts between attainment and failure in doing his duties. According to David Ross, the doer of the ethics may meet several and differemt duties which can play vital role in doing the main duties in special conditions. Duty is a must duty at first glimpse; when there is a duty, the assumption is that the task should be done unless there is a stronger ethical consideration for it. Ross's view point is not proper for solving this problem because of a defection in expressing the duties chain and series and its unlogical order. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - Autobiographical features in the book "Days" by Taha Hossein
Fatemeh Gosheh neshinAutobiography is one of the newest literary techniques that Arab writers are familiar with it. This art has a special position in contemporary culture and society. Autobiography is an independent genre of literary types that arouses human curiosity in discovering the ob MoreAutobiography is one of the newest literary techniques that Arab writers are familiar with it. This art has a special position in contemporary culture and society. Autobiography is an independent genre of literary types that arouses human curiosity in discovering the obvious and hidden aspects of the author's life. The author of the autobiography deals with a variety of topics, including personal, emotional, social, cultural, and political issues, and in each of these areas, expresses his views, thoughts, and tendencies. The book "Days" is an interesting example of an autobiographical art that has caused many controversies. Some believe that "Days" is a novel and others consider it a combination of novel and autobiography. This article examines the features of autobiography through content analysis to discover the truth. As it is common in autobiography, Taha Hussein wrote his own life story and followed the technical order of writing. In an interview with Raymond Francis, he stated that "Days" is his own life story. The author believes that the book "Al-Ayam" is one of the most beautiful works of autobiography, but at the same time, Taha Hussein did not observe some conditions for writing it. As if he has not stated his purpose for writing his biography. Or that he is bound by honesty and frankness in expressing past events, but in expressing emotional issues, he has used wise frankness or rationality in honesty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - The Inspiration Technique; Case Study: Farouk Gouida poetry
Saeed Zar Mohammadi Ayatollah Zar MohammadiFarouk Gouida is an undertaken a contemporary poet who pays attention to the events around and his poetry is full of inspiration techniques which enables him to transfer his thoughts and emotions to the receiver. Thus it is necessary to know the inspiration tools which MoreFarouk Gouida is an undertaken a contemporary poet who pays attention to the events around and his poetry is full of inspiration techniques which enables him to transfer his thoughts and emotions to the receiver. Thus it is necessary to know the inspiration tools which Farouk Gouida has applied them for a better accompanying between the reader and the poet. The present article – which is in analytical – descriptive method – intends to express these techniques – such as mystery, the conflict between the image and the intertext. Two questions are raised here: 1- what is the benefit of applying the inspiration techniques and how much can it be useful in transferring the poetic concepts? 2- What are the factors that cause the poet apply them? The present article tries to answer the abovementioned questions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - A Comparative Survey of the Conflict between Principle and Apparent Condition in Imāmiyah versus ‘Āmmah Fiqh
mahdi abdar esfahani ehsan aliakbari mohammad ali heidariThe purpose of the present study is the comparative survey of the conflictic between principle and apparent condition from the view of Imāmiyah versus Sunni jurists. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and it aims to find an answer for this question: In the conf MoreThe purpose of the present study is the comparative survey of the conflictic between principle and apparent condition from the view of Imāmiyah versus Sunni jurists. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and it aims to find an answer for this question: In the conflict between principle and apparent condition in Islamic sects, does the first or the latter overrule? Considering different theories from Islamic jurists regarding the priority of either principle or apparent condition, this study has attempted to state the best theory through logical reasoning in this conflict. The main problem in this research is to reach the point that if apparent in apparent condition denotes circumstances and situations, it would not have the potency to overrule the principle because it is the evidence of absolute hunch and so apparent condition is left behind unless that is recognized as valid by religion. Thus, the view of some Shi’ite and Sunni jurists denoting the priority of apparent condition, in terms of expansion and justification of conjecture is nullified. The results indicate that most of Islamic jurists maintain principle overrules apparent condition although some scholars of the religious sects, based on the theory of hindrance, give priority to apparent circumstances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Discuss Indicators for shaping and the frustration factors for Middle East People(2011-2017)
vahid khoshgoftar lame ماشااله حیدرپورIn past decade, Middle east people insurrections underlined safety, political and economic variations more than any change and event in that region. By happening the variations and lapsing some years since commencement of insurrections and its inappropriate consequences MoreIn past decade, Middle east people insurrections underlined safety, political and economic variations more than any change and event in that region. By happening the variations and lapsing some years since commencement of insurrections and its inappropriate consequences in Arabian countries, many studies were performed on discussion shaping indicators of the insurrection and its frustration factors in societies and research centers which their results are pertinent to analysis of different insights in terms of effectiveness of a special indicator or variable. In regard to studies, it was tried to answer important question that what were the most important shaping indicators and frustration factors for middle east Arabian insurrection? The documentary response is offered in terms of constructivism theory. The findings proved that shaping and forming indicators for Middle East Arabian insurrections are derived from procedure affair in terms of effectiveness of semantic and material indicators for cultural, political and economic dimensions like cultural dissatisfaction, tribal conflicts, distrust to government systems and inefficient economic structure. In fact, not a unified indicator but collection of indicators underlies people insurrection in Arabian countries of Middle East and in relation with frustration factors in order to obtain suitable aims, one sees effectiveness of different cultural, political and economic factors including extension tribal conflicts, extend cultural absolutism, integrity for political processes and to lose economic opportunities in the country. Keywords: Middle East People Insurrection, Tribal Conflicts, Cultural Absolutism, Constructivism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - A Theoretical Introduction to the Reasons for Political Conflicts Emphasizing on the Role of Political Systems
Hanif Athari Allaf Saeed Gazerani Aliasghar DavoudiAlthough governments stem from the people’s will and their sustenance depend on their satisfaction, conflict between both sides in this transaction is inevitable. In this regard, the present study seeks to explain some behaviors of the governments as the more powe MoreAlthough governments stem from the people’s will and their sustenance depend on their satisfaction, conflict between both sides in this transaction is inevitable. In this regard, the present study seeks to explain some behaviors of the governments as the more powerful side of the transactions which cause political conflicts and challenge the survival of the governments. To this aim, a descriptive-analytic method as well as historical documents and objective evidence were used to identify causes of political conflicts that come from the governments’ behavior. The research relies on the hypothesis that disorder in providing people’s basic needs, unreasonable beliefs and behaviors, and power imbalance are the main reasons for political conflicts. According to the obtained results, it seems that the beginning source of conflict between people and governments is the existence or perception of injustice. Furthermore, in a monoliteral power system where both the government as the more powerful side and people as the less powerful side seek to achieve scarce resources, usually the more powerful side takes steps to create a hegemonic system by using its opportunities. On the other hand, people who are fed up with mere obedience, always seek a chance to nullify this hegemony by any means. In general, it seems that the governments’ negligence to meet people’s needs can gradually increase dissatisfied groups in society and cause unreturnable political conflicts, especially when the government is supposed to make decisions to decrease social dissatisfaction or provide more privilege for people. It appears that the first step by the governments to control political conflict is to remove the perception of injustice in society through meeting people’s basic needs. In the next step, the governments should focus on increasing their legitimacy that requires creating freedom, in addition to maintaining their dignity and avoidance of violence. Finally, the governments ought to prevent the gradual growing of dissatisfaction in society and guide people’s energy towards participatory activities in order to avoid creation of conflicts. This issue requires the optimal conduction of the governments’ special act that is giving service to people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The normalization of tension in US-Iran relations from the perspective of ontological security
farideh amani Abas mokarami mohhamad sotodeRelations between Iran and the United States have undergone tensions and divergences after the Islamic Revolution in Iran. So that perspective of both countries regarding international issues is in contrast with each other. Although each of these two countries, at some MoreRelations between Iran and the United States have undergone tensions and divergences after the Islamic Revolution in Iran. So that perspective of both countries regarding international issues is in contrast with each other. Although each of these two countries, at some points, tried to talk about a number of issues that guaranteed their security and mutual benefits, but many factors interrupted it and prevented detente in bilateral relations between the two countries. Bilateral relations have been established between the two countries. Accordingly, the question is why, despite the direct and indirect contacts and negotiations between the two countries, Iran and the United States have not yet established their bilateral official relations?.Based on the theory of ontological security, it is assumed that the hostility of Iran and the United States due to basic conflict has become common for both countries, and none of these two countries want to unsettle these normal relations and endanger its ontological security by establishing official relations.The findings of this study indicate that, given the continuous lack of official relations and lasting hostility between the parties for many decades and also giving identification basic disputes, ontological security has become very important to them. This paper uses a descriptive analytical method to advance its hypothesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Sociological study of the individual-social consequences of the multiplicity of the job role of women in Tehran Municipality
Adineh Adib Bagher Sarookhani Mansoor VosooghiThe present article sociologically specified individual- social consequences of female employees` multiple role-playing conflict in Tehran municipality during 2018. Through the survey method of study and according to the statistical rules of determining the sample group MoreThe present article sociologically specified individual- social consequences of female employees` multiple role-playing conflict in Tehran municipality during 2018. Through the survey method of study and according to the statistical rules of determining the sample group, among 5600 people of the statistical society, 360 female employees in various districts of Tehran municipality were selected as the sample case in cluster multi-stage way. The data was gathered through researcher`s self-made questionnaire in 5 likert scale and 0.7 reliability and approval content validity. The main question of present research was to investigate the relationship between individual and social consequences with multiple role-playing conflict? The theoretical framework of the study was developed through Greenhous and Beutell (1985) conflict theory, rare and accumulation approach and extension theory. The results of Pearson correlation and linear regression revealed that there was a direct relationship among multiple role-playing conflict with job stress, rush and delay at affaires, physical burnout and family quarrel. However, there was an opposite relationship among women`s multiple role-playing conflict with their social support, job satisfaction and life satisfaction. Thereupon, with the employment of women in the modernity era and the lack of men`s cooperation with women in household chores at home and managers in the office, with the strong patriarchy background; they will encounter with multiple role-playing conflict at home and office which cause different individual and social consequences too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Absolute Human Crisis and Conflict in Shahrazad by Tawfiq-al-Hakim
Hadi Shabani Hassan BahadoriShahrazad one of the subjective plays by Tawfiq-al-Hakim deals with the conflict between man and environment which ends up with the victory of environment over man. Hakim believes that a force dominates man and it is the existence of a divine power which ins MoreShahrazad one of the subjective plays by Tawfiq-al-Hakim deals with the conflict between man and environment which ends up with the victory of environment over man. Hakim believes that a force dominates man and it is the existence of a divine power which inspires and guides him. With his Oriental spirit Hakim keeps faith in occult powers depicted in Shahrazad dealing with the conflict between man and environment and the ultimate defeat of man. Hakim concludes the war of opposing forces such as conscience and mind and head and heart with the final triumph of environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - The Role of Political Ideology Regarding The Organizational Adaptability and Professionalism of Auditors on Organizational Professional Conflict
khadije saberi Fatemeh Sarraf Bahman Banimahd Mohsen HamidianPolitical ideology has increasingly affected organizations, affecting the decisions and behavior of members, both intentionally and unintentionally. The terms 'economic conservative', and 'social conservative' denote fundamental beliefs and values. Auditors working acro MorePolitical ideology has increasingly affected organizations, affecting the decisions and behavior of members, both intentionally and unintentionally. The terms 'economic conservative', and 'social conservative' denote fundamental beliefs and values. Auditors working across various financial sectors often adopt a political ideology that reflects their cultural backgrounds, and personal beliefs. Adaptable organizations react to altering client expectations and environmental changes, constantly resolving resultant issues. The capacity to handle these disputes is critical for any organization's long-term success. The adaptability of professional auditors, affected by their ideological stances, can either reduce or exacerbate these conflicts. Regarding the methodology of this research, it uses a descriptive and survey-based approach, categorized as field research. The study's sample includes 413 professionals from all levels of the auditing field, working at the Auditing Institutes validated by the Securities, and Exchange Organization of Iran and Iran's Auditory Organization in the year 2021. These individuals were selected as convenient samples. Data collection involved four standardized questionnaires, with analysis conducted using structural equation modeling. The findings show that auditors with a social conservative mindset have a direct impact on organizational adaptation, but auditors with an economic conservative mindset have an opposite impact. Social conservatism in auditors negatively affects professionalism, while economic conservatism has a positive impact.political ideologies do not significantly affect the organizational professional conflict. The mediating variable of auditors' organizational adaptability is negatively associated with organizational professional conflict, whereas the mediating variable of professional orientation positively correlates with it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Relationship of Work-Family Conflict with Organizational Justice, Organizational Commitment and Vitality, by Considering the Role of Expatriate and Normal Work Schedules
HamidReza Oreyzi Shabnam Javanmard Abolghasem NouriThe aim of this research was to investigate the relation of work-family conflict (WFC) with organizational variables of organizational justice and organizational commitment in one hand and subjective wellbeing including vitality in the other hand, in expatriate and MoreThe aim of this research was to investigate the relation of work-family conflict (WFC) with organizational variables of organizational justice and organizational commitment in one hand and subjective wellbeing including vitality in the other hand, in expatriate and normal work schedules of Gas Transfer Operation District Two, and to compare these two groups. Statistical population were formal personnel of the company in 2010, from among them 150 people were selected Via classified random sampling from the two groups of expatriates and normal schedules' personnel (n= 75 for each group). Participants completed Work-Family (Netmeyer et al., 1996), Vitality (Ryan & Frederick, 1997), Organizational Justice (Niehoff & Moorman, 1993) and Organizational Commitment (Balfour & Wechsler, 1996) questionnaires. Findings indicated that negative relation of WFC with distributive justice (P=0.001), procedural justice (P=0.008), interactive justice (P=0.002), vitality (P=0.018) and organizational commitment (P=0.001) are significant. Findings in expatriate group indicated negative relation of WFC with distributive justice (P=0.001), interactive justice (P=0.003), vitality (P=0.001) and organizational commitment (P=0.001). While in normal schedule group, WFC showed significant negative relation only with procedural justice (P=0.048). Results of Fisher Z test also indicated that WFC in expatriate group has stronger negative relation with vitality, distributive justice, identification and exchange commitments relative to normal schedule group. (Zt >±1.96) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Comparison of Rational Emotive Behavior Couple Individual and Conjoint Therapy for Reducing Family Conflict in Couples Referred to Ahvaz Counsel Centers for Problem Disclosure
منصور سودانی عبدالله شفیعآبادیThe research was conducted to investigate the Comparison of Rational Emotive Behavior Couple individual and conjoint Therapy on marital conflicts in couples referred to Ahvaz Counsel Centers for Problem Disclosure. The population included and couples referred to this MoreThe research was conducted to investigate the Comparison of Rational Emotive Behavior Couple individual and conjoint Therapy on marital conflicts in couples referred to Ahvaz Counsel Centers for Problem Disclosure. The population included and couples referred to this counsel. The sample consisted of couples (from couples) who were selected randomly for this study. In this study the individual and conjoint couple Therapy are considered the independent variable and marital conflicts as dependent variable The instrument was used Marital Conflict Questionnaire. The design of this study was pretest-post test with control group. All subjects answered scale, and then the experimental groups received intervention (during sessions). At post test stage groups answered the scales again. Descriptive and inferential statistic methods including one-way ANOVA, and (HSD) Tukey were used. Porbable error of = was used to find the significance of the differences. The results of this study showed that individual and conjoint methods reduces the marital conflict among cuples in the experimental groups. Total marital conflicts, Sexual relationship and financial instruct were reduced more by individual method. Aplication of individual and conjoint methods had no significal difference on reduction of other sub scales. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - A Comparison between the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Couple Therapy on Conflicting Coupleâs Marital Intimacy in Isfahan
سحر خانجانی وشکی عبدالله شفیع آبادی ولی الله فرزاد مریم فاتحی زادهAbstract The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy (CBCT) and acceptance and commitment couple therapy on conflicting couple’s marital intimacy in Isfahan. A quasi-experimental design with pretest, posttes MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy (CBCT) and acceptance and commitment couple therapy on conflicting couple’s marital intimacy in Isfahan. A quasi-experimental design with pretest, posttest and control group was used. The population included all conflicting couples who were referred to consultation centers in Isfahan. The sampling method was voluntary. 90 individuals (couples) were put into three groups (30 each) of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy, acceptance and commitment couple therapy and the control group. Both the two experimental groups received 12 ninety-minute sessions of therapy once a week. The study instrument was Couples’ Intimacy Questionnaire (Oliya et al.,2009). The results of covariance analysis revealed that cognitive-behavioral couple therapy and acceptance and commitment couple therapy made significant changes in the marital intimacy at the posttest stage (P<0.05). Further, the results of Bonferroni’s follow-up test implied that there is no significant difference between the degree of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy and acceptance and commitment couple therapy on marital intimacy . According to the results, cognitive-behavioral couple therapy and acceptance and commitment couple therapy made significant changes in marital intimacy and there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of these two therapeutic methods. The results of this study provide experimental support for both therapies in order to increase marital intimacy. key words: cognitive-behavioral couple therapy, acceptance and commitment couple therapy, marital intimacy, conflicting couples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The Relationship between the Conflicting Factorsand Their Solving Them
مهدی ابزری مهدیه نجفیAbstract The purpose of this research is to study the relation between factors causing conflict and solving them. To reach this purpose a research question was prepared which was based on two main and three questions. The statistical society under study consisted of MoreAbstract The purpose of this research is to study the relation between factors causing conflict and solving them. To reach this purpose a research question was prepared which was based on two main and three questions. The statistical society under study consisted of the office employee of the Islamic Azad University of yazd. The sampling technique in this project was simple randonm. The statistical technique used in this research consisted of descriptive statistics processed over a meaningful level with P £ . The results showed that based on the view of the society under consideration, there was no relation between the confliding factors and the ways to solve them. Also, based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that variables such as sex (male-female), the educational degree, and experience of the employee have a relation with the ways the conflict is solved. This paper consists of three parts. In the first part, the theoretical view and the research work about the conflict have been reviewed. In the second part the method of research has been discussed and in the last part the analysis of the date and conclusion is presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of The Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS)
Mehdi Chamikarpour Abbas Pourshahbaz Behrouz Dolatshahee Nahaleh MoshtaghThis study was planned to determine the reliability and construct validity of the Persian version of the gender role conflict scale. Statistical population of the study includes all male students of the universities of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences and Te MoreThis study was planned to determine the reliability and construct validity of the Persian version of the gender role conflict scale. Statistical population of the study includes all male students of the universities of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences and Tehran University in 2010. 190 male students, ages ranging from 21 to 40 years old with educational levels from B.S to Ph.D were selected. They completed an inventory including demographic variables and Persian version of the gender role conflict scale. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS (11.5). Pearson correlation coefficients showed that the “restrictive emotionality”, among four factors of gender role conflict, had the greatest correlation with GRCS total score (P < 0.01) and “success, power and competition” had the weakest one (P < 0.01). Also, results from the present study showed that the Persian version of the gender role conflict scale and its four factors had a good reliability (with Chronbach’s alphas ranging from 0.70 to 0.81) among Iranian college students. Finally , four-factor structure of the Persian version of the gender role conflict scale was justified in the present study through confirmatory factor analysis with varimax rotation (K2=2029.147, df=666, & P=0.000). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Predicting Conflict Resolution Styles based on Individualism-Collectivism among Married Students of Isfahan Payam Nour University
somayeh pourmeidani mehrdad dashti zahra habibiThis research was conducted to predict conflict resolution styles with individualism-collectivism among married students of Isfahan Payam Nour University. The method of was predictive and correlational. The population consisted of married students of Isfahan Payam Nour MoreThis research was conducted to predict conflict resolution styles with individualism-collectivism among married students of Isfahan Payam Nour University. The method of was predictive and correlational. The population consisted of married students of Isfahan Payam Nour University in 2013-2014. From the population, 150 students were sampled randomly based on Morgan table. The participants completed Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnaire (Rahim, 1983) and Individualism-Collectivism Questionnaire (Triandis & etc, 1988). The data were analyzed by regression coefficient and Pearson correlation. The results showed that horizontal collectivism style can predict integration style (P<0.01). Also, horizontal and vertical individualism can be the dominant style (P<0.01) and horizontal individualism and vertical collectivism can be the avoidant style (P<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - The Effect of Training Parents and Children for Proper Communication Techniques on their Conflict among Female Secondary School Students
mirhamzeh karami hossein zareThe present study aimed at investigating the effect of training parents and children for proper communication techniques on the magnitude of parent-child conflict. The research was a semi experimental, pretest- posttest with control group. The population composed of all MoreThe present study aimed at investigating the effect of training parents and children for proper communication techniques on the magnitude of parent-child conflict. The research was a semi experimental, pretest- posttest with control group. The population composed of all girls in secondary schools of Ilam in 1392 among whom 180 students were selected by simple random sampling and the Conflict Behavior Questionnaire CBQ (Prinz, 1979) was administered to them. Then 48 students who had higher conflict scores with their parents were selected and assigned to the two experimental and control groups based on simple random sampling. Then, the experimental group was separately divided into triple groups (father, mother, and the student herself) and the control group (12 subjects) was assigned for all three groups (12 subjects). Each group participated in a 8-session training course. In the end, the post-test of the same Conflict Behavior Questionnaire CBQ (Prinz, 1979) was administered to both groups. The data were analyzed by covariance statistical analysis test and the findings showed that teaching proper communication techniques to parents and children, to a great extent, is influential in decreasing the intensity of conflict between parents and children. Also, there was a significant difference between the mean of the post-test scores of experimental and control groups implying that in the experimental groups the conflict has decreased considerably. (P<0.001( Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - The moderating role of job control in relations between overload, ambiguity and role conflict with positive and negative behavioral outcomes
زهرا ادیبی محسن گلپرور محمد رضا مصاحبیThis research was carried out with the aim of studying the role of job control in relation among overload, ambiguity and role conflict with organizational citizenship behaviors, creativity, task performance, deviant behaviors and turnover. Method of research was correla MoreThis research was carried out with the aim of studying the role of job control in relation among overload, ambiguity and role conflict with organizational citizenship behaviors, creativity, task performance, deviant behaviors and turnover. Method of research was correlation and statistical population was the employees of an organization related to petroleum ministry in Bandar Abbass city, among them187 persons were selected using simple random sampling. Research instruments consisted of Role overload and Ambiguity, Role Conflict, Task Performance and Turnover Questionnaires (Babakas et al, 2009), a researcher made Questionnaire of Job Control, the Organizational Citizenship Behaviors Questionnaire (Bukhari & Ali, 2009), the Deviant Behaviors Questionnaire (Bennett & Robinson, 2000) and the Creativity Questionnaire (Tierney et al, 1999). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis. The results showed that: 1) job control has not moderated the relationships between role overload and ambiguity and role conflict with task performance, turnover, creativity and organizational citizenship behaviors, 2) job control has moderated the relationship between role conflict with deviant behaviors. That is, when job control is high, there is a negative significant relationship between role conflict and deviant behaviors (P < 0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Prediction of marital conflict through the personality,psychological and demographic characteristics of spouses
سمیه شاهمرادی مریم فاتحی زاده احمد احمدیThe purpose of this research was to predict marital conflicts (of divorce prone and normal couples) through personality, psychological and demographic characteristics. Method of research was correlation and ex-post facto one and the statistical population was divorce pr MoreThe purpose of this research was to predict marital conflicts (of divorce prone and normal couples) through personality, psychological and demographic characteristics. Method of research was correlation and ex-post facto one and the statistical population was divorce prone and normal couples. For normal and divorce prone couples, each one included 60 persons, who were selected by two- stage cluster sampling method. The assessment tools included a Big-Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire (Costa & McCrae, 1989), the Symptom Check-List-90 (SCL-90) (Derogatis et. al., 1973) and a Demographic Questionnaire (made by researcher). The data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and stepwise regression analysis (logistic). The results showed that divorce prone and normal couples were significantly different in terms of neuroticism, openness to experience and conscientiousness and all nine subscales of SCL-90 (P < 0/05). From all of the personality, psychological and demographic variables, neuroticism, depression, paranoid thoughts, number of children, type of marriage and income could significantly predict marital conflict. Prediction of marital conflict Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Analysis of Relationship between Interpersonal Conflict at Work and Social Competencies on Experience of Incivility Behavior based on Structural Equation Modeling
محمدعلی نادی اعظم اکبریThe purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between interpersonal conflict at work and social competencies (political skill, emotional intelligence, self-monitoring) on experience of incivility behavior based on structural equation modeling. The research MoreThe purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between interpersonal conflict at work and social competencies (political skill, emotional intelligence, self-monitoring) on experience of incivility behavior based on structural equation modeling. The research method was correlational. The research population consisted of all female teachers of female high schools in Isfahan city in the academic year 2010-11 (1390-91s.c.). From among them 358 were selected via cluster random sampling. Participants filled in Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale (Spector & Jex’s, 1998), Political Skill Inventory (Ferris et al., 2005), Emotional Intelligence Scale (Brackett et al., 2006), Self-monitoring Scale (Snyder and Gangestad, 1986), and Workplace Incivility Questionnaire ( Ottinot , 2008). The results indicated that there was a positive significant relationship between conflict and experience of incivility behavior (P≤0.05) however there was a negative significant relationship between social competencies and experience of incivility behavior (P≤0.05). The results from structural equation modeling showed that emotional intelligence and political skill were the mediators of the relationship between self-monitoring and conflict with experience of incivility behavior, Overall, this model enjoyed a fairly suitable fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Contribution of Gender Role Conflict in Prediction of Students General Health
Nader Hajloo Roghayyeh Azizi Khadijeh MoghaddasiThe aim of the present study was to predict students’ psychological health based on their gender role conflict. The type of study was descriptive- correlation. Participants were 200 male students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University which were selected by multi stage cluste MoreThe aim of the present study was to predict students’ psychological health based on their gender role conflict. The type of study was descriptive- correlation. Participants were 200 male students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University which were selected by multi stage cluster sampling method. The Scale of Gender Role Conflict (Wester et al., 2012) and Psychological Health Scale (Goldberg and Hillier, 1979) were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that components of success, power, competition, limited affectivity, and conflict between work and family relationship were effective on anxiety and insomnia components, social dysfunction and depression (P < 0.01), but not on somatization. Also, 64% of the variance in students general health is explained by gender role conflict. Based on these results, individuals with less gender role conflict have better and greater psychological health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - The effect of Work-Family Conflict on Burnout with mediating role of Life Quality and Job Satisfaction amongst Staffs in Sarkhoon & Qeshm Gas Treating Company
Ataallah Paghoush Eqbal Zarei Hossein Zeinalipour Hasan Dami zadehThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of work-family relationship conflict causal relationship on burnout with mediating role of life quality and job satisfaction based on structural equation modeling. The research method was correlational. The populat MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of work-family relationship conflict causal relationship on burnout with mediating role of life quality and job satisfaction based on structural equation modeling. The research method was correlational. The population included all company staffs Sarkhoon & Qeshm Gas Treating from whom 200 participants were selected by stratified random sampling and were asked to complete the Work-Family Conflict questionnaire (Netmeyer et al., 1996), Quality of Life scale (World Health Organization, 1996), Job Descriptive Index (Smith et al., 1969), and Burnout questionnaire (Maslach & Jackson, 1981). Data analysis and evaluation of the proposed model were conducted by AMOS-21. The results showed that work-family conflict, both directly and indirectly, has been effective on burnout through the quality of life and job satisfaction. Also, the work-family conflict directly had an impact on the quality of life and job satisfaction. The research findings indicated that there was a significant negative impact of life quality and job satisfaction on burnout and a significant positive influence of life quality on job satisfaction (P >0.01). The overall model results indicated that the model parameters have appropriate fitness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Predicting Employees' Turnover Intention by Individual, Occupational and Organizational factors
Farzaneh Dabbashi Aboulghasem NouriThe aim of this study was to predict employees' turnover intention based on individual, occupational and organizational factors in Isfahan Social Security Organization. It was correlational study and the population comprised all employees of the five main branches i MoreThe aim of this study was to predict employees' turnover intention based on individual, occupational and organizational factors in Isfahan Social Security Organization. It was correlational study and the population comprised all employees of the five main branches in Isfahan Social Security Organization in 2012. The sample was selected using stratified random sampling based on Morgan sample size table. The subjects, then, completed Emotional Intelligence (Wong & law, 2000), Work-Family Conflict (Netemyre, Boles & Mucmurrian, 1996), Job Satisfaction (Judge & Bono), Work Engagement (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2003), Perceived Organizational Support (Rhoades & Eisenberger, 2002), and Turnover Intention (O’Reilly, Chatman & Caldwell, 1991) Questionnaires. The data analysis was performed through applying Pearson correlational coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. The results of regression analysis showed that the work engagement, perceived organizational support and work-family conflict can justify 50 percent of variance of employees' turnover intention (p<0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Prediction of the Burnout based on Organizational Justice and Commitment whit an emphasis on Role mediating of Role Conflict and Ambiguity among the Staff of the Islamic Azad University of Shiraz.
mitra yadegar mohammadhassan siefthe aim of this research is prediction of the burnout based on organizational justice and commitment whit an emphasis on role mediating of role conflict and ambiguity among the staff of the Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. the research is descriptive and correlational Morethe aim of this research is prediction of the burnout based on organizational justice and commitment whit an emphasis on role mediating of role conflict and ambiguity among the staff of the Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. the research is descriptive and correlational. Statistical society is contain of 320 employees of Islamic Azad University of Shiraz witch by random stratified sampling, 151 persons were selected samples. the Research instruments include inventories of burnout (Maslach, 2001), organizational commitment (Allen & Meyer, 2004), role conflict and ambiguity (Lu et al., 2001), and organizational justice (Colquitte, 2001). data analyzsis was done by using path analysis by help of LISREL software. to test of significant indirect paths, the Bootstrap procedure in the macro model of Preacher and Hayes (2008) was used. The results of this study showed organizational commitment has direct and significant negative effect on burnout (p<0/01). also organizational commitment has indirect and significant negative effect via role ambiguity and conflict on burnout (p<0/01). organizational justice has indirect and significant negative effect via role ambiguity and conflict on burnout (p<0/01). There is no direct significant effect between organizational justice and burnout (p<0/01). finally role ambiguity and role conflict (p<0/01) has positive direct significant effect on burnout. According to the fitted indices, the final model of the study has a relatively good fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Investigating the Impact of Personality traits and Communication Skills on Conflict Management Styles of High School Teachers in Babol
Hossein Ali Ebrahim Pour Delavar Ali Khalegh Khah Adel Zahed BabolanThe purpose of this study was to Investigate of The impact of personality traits and communication skills with conflict management styles of teachers in the city of babol. The study population, all high school teachers in the city of Babol (1025 persons). And 280 of the MoreThe purpose of this study was to Investigate of The impact of personality traits and communication skills with conflict management styles of teachers in the city of babol. The study population, all high school teachers in the city of Babol (1025 persons). And 280 of them people were selected by cluster sampling. The tools for data collection include the questionnaire of Communicative Skills Barton, Five Factor Personality Inventory NEO and Conflict Management Styles Robbins. To analyze the data, the Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression were used. The results of correlation analysis showed that the five factors of personality, linked to various forms of conflict management styles. Also communication skills were negatively affected by conflict management styles control and avoidance. On the other hand, regression test showed that personality traits and communication skills can predict conflict management styles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - effectiveness of a training program related to successful marriage over marital conflicts based on indigenous qualitative research
zeinab salari zare Mahmood Goudarzi farzad zandi parviz karimisaniThe study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program related to successful marriage over marital conflicts based on indigenous qualitative research. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, design. By using convenience sampling MoreThe study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program related to successful marriage over marital conflicts based on indigenous qualitative research. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, design. By using convenience sampling and Selected as 30 Couple sample in two experimental(15 Couple) and control (15 Couple) groups, the statistical population of the study were all conflicting couples referred to Gorgan city counseling centers in 2019. Then, the marital conflict questionnaire (Sanaei, 2008) was performed on them. Once in a week for two months, eight (90 minute) individual sessions of training based on indigenous qualitative research related to successful marriage were held, and no training was performed for the control group. Then, the post-test was performed on both groups. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) between these two groups in the marital conflict variable and the Mean in the experimental group was lower than the control group. In this way, the compiled educational program related to successful marriage based on indigenous qualitative research can be effective in reducing marital conflicts between couples who go to the counseling centers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The effect of Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) On Work-Life Conflict (WLC) with the mediating role of mental well-being (Case: official employees and faculty member of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan(Khorasgan))
sayed saeed navabi mansoureh pourmiriThis study aimed to investigate the effect of perception of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) on Work-Life Conflict (WLC) with the role of subjective well-being mediation. The research is purposeful, applied and descriptive in nature and the statistical population of the st MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of perception of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) on Work-Life Conflict (WLC) with the role of subjective well-being mediation. The research is purposeful, applied and descriptive in nature and the statistical population of the study includes all the staff and faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan), about 700 people in year 2019 through Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table. 248 people were selected and questionnaires were distributed. Research tools include the reward effort imbalance questionnaire (Sigrist, 2013), the work-family conflict questionnaire (Carlson et al. 2000), and the subjective well-being questionnaire (Keyes et al. 2003). Obtained Data were analyzed using SSPS25 and WARP -PLS6 software. In this paper, one of the internal consistency methods, namely Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The results show that effort-reward imbalance affects the work-family conflict, work-family imbalance affects subjective well-being, and subjective well-being has a mediating role in the relationship between perception of work-family imbalance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Relationship work-family conflict with organizational commitment: moderator role of perceived organizational justice
Narges Sadat Mortazavi hamidreza oreyziThe purpose of this study was to investigate relationship work-family conflict with organizational commitment considering moderator role of perceived organizational justice. The population was 623 employees of an industrial company that the pay for performance plan was MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate relationship work-family conflict with organizational commitment considering moderator role of perceived organizational justice. The population was 623 employees of an industrial company that the pay for performance plan was implemented, that 138 subjects were selected through random sampling, in order to completing the following three research questionnaires included 5 items Work Family Conflict Scale (Siegel, Post, Brockner, Fishman & Garden, 2005), 4items Procedural Justice Scale(Bies,1987) and 15items Organizational Commitment (Mowday, Porter & Steers,1982). Data was analyzed using the hierarchical regression and moderate analysis. The findings indicated employees, who perceive high justice increased their commitment to the organization, when they have a low level of family work conflict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - The Causal relationship between neuroticism, job stress and work-family conflict with turnover intention and life satisfaction through mediating role of job burnout in employees of Karoun Oil and Gas Company
Balgheis Beit Mashal Alireza Heidarie nasrin arshadi parviz asgaryThe purpose of this study was investigating the causal relationship between neuroticism, job stress and work-family conflict with turnover intention and life satisfaction through mediating role of job burnout. The research method is descriptive correlational. The resear MoreThe purpose of this study was investigating the causal relationship between neuroticism, job stress and work-family conflict with turnover intention and life satisfaction through mediating role of job burnout. The research method is descriptive correlational. The research population consisted of all employees of Karoun Oil and Gas Company in 2018. The sample consisted of 265 employees of Karoun Oil and Gas Company who were selected by simple random sampling method. Big Five Factor Personality (Costa & McCrae, 1992), Job Stress (Parker & De Cotiis, 1983), Work- Family Conflict (Carlson et al., 2000), Job Burnout (Maslach, 1982), Turnover Intention (Cammann et al., 1979) and Life Satisfaction (Diener et al., 1985) questionnaires were used for data collecting. The proposed model was evaluated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS and SPSS software version 22. Bootstrap method was used to test the mediating effects in the proposed model. The findings showed that the final model has suitable fitness to research data. The results showed that all direct and indirect paths were significant (p < 0/05). In other words, neuroticism through job burnout on turnover intention (β=0/074, p=0/001) and life satisfaction (β=-0/092, p=0/001), job stress through job burnout on turnover intention (β=0/058, p=0/001) and life satisfaction (β=-0/074, p=0/001), and work-family conflict through job burnout on turnover intention (β=0/124, p=0/001) and life satisfaction (β=-0/154, p=0/001) have indirect effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - A structural model of the effect of early maladaptive schemas on marital conflicts mediated by alexithymia
atoosa asadzadeh Mohammad Baqer Hobi mehdi zaree bahramabadi abdolhassan farhangiMarital conflict is an interactive process in which couples feel uncomfortable about aspects of their relationship and sometimes try to resolve it in different ways. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriateness of structural equation modeling of early mala MoreMarital conflict is an interactive process in which couples feel uncomfortable about aspects of their relationship and sometimes try to resolve it in different ways. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriateness of structural equation modeling of early maladaptive schemas and marital conflicts with the mediating role of alexithymia. This research is applied and in terms of methodology, is the descriptive of correlation between structural equations. The statistical population of this study included all married people who referred to the psychological clinics of Tehran's District 2 in the period from February 2016 to July 2017, which is at least one year after their married life. In order to sample 300 people from the mentioned community, they were randomly selected by voluntary sampling method. Data collection questionnaires Marital conflict questionnaire (Sanai, Barati and Boostanipoor, 1996), Yang's early maladaptive schemas (Young & Brown,2005), and Toronto's Emotional Disappointment (Bagby, Taylor & Parker, 1994) were used to collect data. The data were collected using statistical method of structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS_22 software. The results showed that the fit indicators after model modification have property values and are in good fit with the research model and also the scope of early maladaptive schemas is related to the mediating role of questionnaires with marital conflicts. The result is that existing relationships can be used to improve marital relationships. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - The effect of group counseling based on choice theory on dysfunctional conflict resolution styles of married people
mohammad farajpour korush mohammadi Eghbal zareiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of group counseling of choice theory on dysfunctional conflict resolution styles of married people. The statistical population included married people (men and women in the first two years of marriage) who had referred MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of group counseling of choice theory on dysfunctional conflict resolution styles of married people. The statistical population included married people (men and women in the first two years of marriage) who had referred to family counseling centers in Urmia due to conflict. The number of 20 people who had low scores in the Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Enrich, 1999) were randomly selected. Simple were divided into experimental and control groups. In this study, the Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnaire (Rahim, 1983) has been used. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance, analysis of covariance and Beferroni post hoc tests. The dysfunctional conflict of married individuals showed significant (P ˂.01). The result continued in the follow-up phase. Therefore, group counseling based on choice theory can be used to adjust dysfunctional (avoidant, domineering) conflict resolution styles of married people in the first two years of marriage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Comparison of Perceptions of Effort-Reward Imbalance, Work-Life Conflict and Mental Well-Being between Official Staff and Faculty Members of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch
sayed saeed navabi Mansoureh PourmiriThe aim of this study was to compare perceptions of effort-reward imbalance, work-life conflict and mental well-being. The research was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive and causal-comparative in nature. The statistical population of the study included all offici MoreThe aim of this study was to compare perceptions of effort-reward imbalance, work-life conflict and mental well-being. The research was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive and causal-comparative in nature. The statistical population of the study included all official staff and faculty members of the Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch in 2019. Through the Krejcie and Morgan table from this population, a sample of 248 people was selected. The research instruments included the Balance-Reward Effort Questionnaire (Seagrist, 2013), the Work-life conflict Questionnaire (Carlson, Kacmar & Williams, 2000) and the Mental Well-Being Questionnaire (Keyes, Magyar-Mae, 2003). The method of evaluation and analysis of data is done by Spss25 software and the data were analyzed by t-tests. The results showed that the rate of effort-reward imbalance in the faculty (p=2.381) and in the staff (p=2.385) as well as the rate of mental well-being in the faculty (p=2.866) and in the staff (p=2.860) was calculated and these results Was lower than average in both cases. The rate of work-life conflict in faculty (p=3.288) and staff (p=3.348) was estimated to be higher than the average. Also, there is no significant difference in the variables of effort-reward imbalance, work-life conflict and mental well-being between the two groups of formal staff and faculty members. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - The role of passion, satisfaction of needs and conflict in the perception of burnout in athletes
Reza NikbakhshObjective: The general purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of passion, satisfaction of needs and conflict in the perception of burnout in athletes.Methodology: The current research was a descriptive correlational research based on structural equatio MoreObjective: The general purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of passion, satisfaction of needs and conflict in the perception of burnout in athletes.Methodology: The current research was a descriptive correlational research based on structural equation modeling, and the data was collected in the survey and through a questionnaire. The statistical population of this research was made up of all volleyball players aged 13 to 17 in Tehran, whose number was 295. In this research, the questionnaires of passion (Wallerand et al. 2003), satisfaction of needs in sports (Lopez et al. 2020), conflict (Wallerand et al. 2010), athlete burnout (Raedeke and Smith, 2001) were used.Results: The results showed that adaptive passion has a significant negative effect on conflict in athletes. While harmonious passion has a significant positive effect on the satisfaction of needs in athletes. Also, obsessive passion has a significant positive effect on conflict in athletes. While extreme passion has a significant negative effect on the satisfaction of needs in athletes. In addition, contrast has a significant positive effect on attrition in athletes. Satisfaction of needs has a significant negative effect on burnout in athletes.Conclusion: Basic psychological needs should be considered as the necessary energy to help actively engage with the environment, develop skills and healthy growth. Because when players receive more positive energy from attending training and matches and have a desire for more active interactions in training and match environments, in this case, their burnout rate will decrease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - The aesthetic analysis of mythological contradictions in Attar's poems
Atie Mashaheri Fard Mohammad VeysiAbstract Contradiction and Conflict are an important theme within the field of philosophy and mysticism. One could argue that dichotomies are necessary categories without which the world can’t be apprehended. In addition to extending the capacity of meaning, Contr MoreAbstract Contradiction and Conflict are an important theme within the field of philosophy and mysticism. One could argue that dichotomies are necessary categories without which the world can’t be apprehended. In addition to extending the capacity of meaning, Contradiction and Conflict have an outstanding role in aesthetics of literary text. Mythical oppositions are one of the frequent elements in Attar’s poem. Analyzing the mythical opposition in Attar’s poems, it has been tried in present paper to clarify the role of mythical opposition in beauty creation and to make it clear how and in what ways the aesthetic aspect have strengthened poetry. The results of this analysis show that the aesthetic value of the mythological contradictions is due to the types of emotions that are being transmitted to the audience. The mythical oppositions in Attar's poetry convey emotion to the audience in two ways and thereby create aesthetic pleasure in him: 1- through representation and allegory; 2- through the creation of a sense of oneness and unity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Analysis of conceptual metaphor of speech in Khaghani’s odes
reza jamshidiIn recent years, and in the theory of knowledge; metaphor has found a new meaning, that it is mentioned as the "conceptual metaphor". According to this theory, not only metaphor studies at the level of words, sentences or even at language level but also it studies in th MoreIn recent years, and in the theory of knowledge; metaphor has found a new meaning, that it is mentioned as the "conceptual metaphor". According to this theory, not only metaphor studies at the level of words, sentences or even at language level but also it studies in the mind, behavior and actions of individuals in a society and it reflects unconsciously. So explanations and study of thoughts, actions and human’s behavior in a society In which they live; is one of the essential functions of this type of metaphor. Thereby in this article we examine the conceptual metaphors of speech in Khaghani‘s odes who Is one of the most important poets of the sixth century; In order to find the cause of many disputes, controversy and conflicts in his contemporary poets .t was found that Khaghani knows speech as property, miracles and magic, maiden bride, competition, pearls, food and tree .That a Kind of superiority and uniqueness in Khaghani‘s mind causes his controversies and immorality with other poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Anvari contradictory and inconsistent mirror
tahereh khabazi mohamadreza ghariWrigley can be the greatest and the most important conflict and inconsistency of the Seljuk era mirror. On the one hand a massive legacy of Wrigley Islamic and Iranian تمدّن that contains wisdom, science, art, and poetry is inherited and the spiritual heritage of all of MoreWrigley can be the greatest and the most important conflict and inconsistency of the Seljuk era mirror. On the one hand a massive legacy of Wrigley Islamic and Iranian تمدّن that contains wisdom, science, art, and poetry is inherited and the spiritual heritage of all of it to skhreh. Wrigley has always been among the new wisdom and wisdom and mfakharh to poetry and poetry of hate in swing and other sound effects the inconsistency can be found in the words and language of Wrigley. For a better understanding of the causes of this conflict, they should be investigated and social roles anvari's poetry and his هنجارگریز. Wrigley has always been in the midst of existential truth and reality has been suspended and his social-stroke look to poetry, and very important in the understanding of these conflicts said. In the midst of his مدحی قصاید can be applied to different approaches and goals he also sought in the eulogy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Identifying the Dimensions and Components of the Organizational Health of Managers at Azad University Branches of Gilan: A Mixed Method Study
Seyedeh Zahra Hosseini Dronkolaei Saeed Golamniya Fomani Babak Hosseinzadeh -
Open Access Article
90 - The Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Work-Family Conflict Among Employees in Manufacturing Environment Using Structural Equation Modeling
Muhammad Kazem Bighami Farshid Abdi Mohsen Seyyed Aliakbar -
Open Access Article
91 - The Effects of Earning Management on Corporate Cash Holdings: Empirical Evidence From Iran
Seyed Ali Mohammad Taghavi Ali Javanmard -
Open Access Article
92 - Examining The Causal Relationship of Marital Conflicts Based On the Components of Forgiveness in Women Seeking Divorce
Ali Delavar Farid Ahmadrad Shadnaz NaderiThe study intended to examine the causal relationship of marital conflicts based on the components of forgiveness in women seeking divorce. The statistical population included all women who referred to judicial centers in Tehran in 1998-99. The research sample subsumed MoreThe study intended to examine the causal relationship of marital conflicts based on the components of forgiveness in women seeking divorce. The statistical population included all women who referred to judicial centers in Tehran in 1998-99. The research sample subsumed 257 females who were selected by convenient sampling method. The research design was a correlation with structural equation type. In order to collect data, the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ) of Zakir and Barati, (2008) (1387) and the Forgiveness Questionnaire (IFI) of Ehteshamzadeh et al. (2009) (1388) were used. The data analysis method was based on the structural equation procedure. The results showed; The components of forgiveness (reconnect and control, control resentment and realistic perception) had a significant direct relationship with marital conflicts and the model had an optimum goodness of fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Predicting Of Perceived Work-Family Conflict Through Job Commitment And Organizational Embeddedness Among Shift Worker Female Nurses
Marzieh Yaraghy Isfahany Ali MehdadThe main purpose of this research was to study predicting perceived work-family conflict through job commitment and organizational embeddedness among shift worker female nurses in Isfahan public hospitals in spring 1395. The method of this research was correlational.The MoreThe main purpose of this research was to study predicting perceived work-family conflict through job commitment and organizational embeddedness among shift worker female nurses in Isfahan public hospitals in spring 1395. The method of this research was correlational.The statistical population included all nurses of the 11 public hospitals that among them 197 subjects were selected through convenience sampling procedure. The research instruments consisted of Occupational Commitment Questionnaire (Blau, et al.1993), Organizational Embeddedness Questionnaire (Mitchell, et al. 2001) and Perceived Work- Family Cconflict Scale(Carlson, et al. 2000). Data were analyzed by using Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis and the results of simple correlation showed that there were significant negative relationship between job commitment and organizational embeddedness with perceived work-family conflict (P<0/01). Moreover, the result of stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that, in tow steps, organizational embeddedness and job commitment could predict significantly %46/6 of work- family conflict variances. According to the findings, it concluded that, work-family conflict perception could be decreased through increasing organizational embeddedness and job commitment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Schema Therapy Efficacy Training On Early Maladaptive Schemas And Conflict Resolution Patterns In Married Women Referring To Counseling Centers
Zeynab Saeidnia Behnam MakvandiThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema-based education on early maladaptive schemas and conflict resolution models in married women referred to counseling centers of Ahwaz.The research sample consisted of 30 individuals who were selected MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema-based education on early maladaptive schemas and conflict resolution models in married women referred to counseling centers of Ahwaz.The research sample consisted of 30 individuals who were selected by simple random sampling method and replaced in two groups of experimental and control 15subjects each. The present study was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-monogram-post-meteoric design with control group. The measurement tool was Yang's Early Maladaptive Schemas (1998) and Raheem's Conflict Resolution Patterns Questionnaire (1997). Married women in the experimental group were treated with the protocol of treatment with Jeffrey Young et al. (2002) during a 20-minute 60-minute session. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and one way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that the treatment plan was effective in reducing the early maladaptive schemas and improving the conflict resolution patterns in the experimental group and there was a significant difference between the two groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - The Effectiveness of Aerobic Exercises on Family- Work Conflict and Psychological Well-Being in Female Managers
Mohammad Hassan FerdowsiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercises on family- work conflict and psychological well-being in female managers. The statistical population of the study included all female managers in Ahvaz during the academic year of 2019-2020. Th MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercises on family- work conflict and psychological well-being in female managers. The statistical population of the study included all female managers in Ahvaz during the academic year of 2019-2020. The sample subsumed 30 female managers who were selected by purposive sampling procedure and randomly allocated in to two experimental and control group; 15 participants each. The design of the study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and a control group. The Meyer (1996) Work-Conflict Conflict Questionnaire and Reef Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire were used to collect data. The experimental group was exposed to 12 sessions of 60 minutes’ aerobic exercise. The control group received none. multivariate analysis of covariance(MANCOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to analyzed data. The results showed that aerobic exercises had significant effect on family- work conflict and psychological well-being in female managers . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - The Moderating Role Of Management Styles On The Relationship Between Interpersonal Conflicts And Deviant Behaviors Among Women Nurses
محسن Golparvar زهرا Vaseghi زهرا Javadian Sh Sadeghi مایده AbediniThis research was administered with the aim of studying the moderating role of conflict managelment styles in relationship between conflict with supervisor and coworkers and female nurses’ delviant behaviors. The research pattern was correlation one. The statistic MoreThis research was administered with the aim of studying the moderating role of conflict managelment styles in relationship between conflict with supervisor and coworkers and female nurses’ delviant behaviors. The research pattern was correlation one. The statistical population was the whole140 female nurses from a hospital in Esfahan city. 100 nurses were selected by using conveniencesampling method. The research instruments consisted of Conflict Management Styles Questionlnaire (De drew et al, 2001), researcher made questionnaire of conflict with coworkers and supervilsor, and Deviant Behaviors Questionnaire (Robinson and Bennett, 1995). Data were analyzed withthe use of Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis. Results revealed thatforcing moderated the relationship between conflict with supervisor and coworkers and deviantbehaviors toward hospital and coworkers. Current research evidences showed that when forcing asa conflict management style was high, and women nurses exposed to conflict with supervisor andcoworkers, increase in deviant behaviors toward coworkers and supervisor occurred. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Predicting the attitude towards marital infidelity based on conflict resolution styles, marital satisfaction and forgiveness of Kermanshah couples
azar Zangeneh Mokhtar arefiIntroduction:The purpose of this study was to predict the attitude towards marital infidelity based on conflict resolution styles, marital satisfaction and forgiveness of couples in Kermanshah. Methods:The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical popu MoreIntroduction:The purpose of this study was to predict the attitude towards marital infidelity based on conflict resolution styles, marital satisfaction and forgiveness of couples in Kermanshah. Methods:The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study included all couples who referred to counseling centers in Kermanshah in 2021-2022. The sample in the present study was selected from 5 counseling centers using available random sampling and then 200 couples were selected using Cochran's formula by purposive sampling method and with the consent of those couples who were willing to Collaborating on the study were Mark Whitley (2008), Conflict Resolution Styles (1990), Enrich (1989), and Ray et al. (2001) Marital Satisfaction Questionnaires. Results:The results showed that conflict resolution styles, marital satisfaction and marital forgiveness were observed as the total attitude to marital infidelity with a correlation coefficient of 0.31, 0.27 and 0.24, respectively, all of which were significant at the level of P <0.05. Stepwise regression analysis also showed that the predictor variables together explain the 0.39 variance of attitudes toward marital infidelity. Multiple correlations between variables were obtained 0.58 (R = 0.58). Conclusion: According to the research findings, it can be said that the higher the use of conflict resolution styles, marital satisfaction and forgiveness in couples, the more negative attitudes towards marital infidelity. Therefore, considering the importance and role of conflict resolution styles, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Structural Equation Modeling of Parent-Adolescent Conflict Relationship with Emotional Disorder in Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Experience Avoidance
tayebeh azizi hasan amiri karim afshari niaThe aim of this study was to determine the fit of the structural relationship model of parent-adolescent conflict with emotional dysregulation with the mediating role of experience avoidance in adolescents in Tehran. The statistical population of the study included 13 t MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the fit of the structural relationship model of parent-adolescent conflict with emotional dysregulation with the mediating role of experience avoidance in adolescents in Tehran. The statistical population of the study included 13 to 18 year old adolescents in Tehran. Using available sampling method, 400 people (200 female adolescents and 200 male adolescents) were selected as the sample and according to the Asadi and Younesi adolescent parent conflict conflict questionnaire. (2011), Avoiding the Experience of Bond et al. (2007) and Graz and Romer (2004) responded to emotional dysregulation. Structural equation model and IBM AMOS24 software were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between parent-adolescent conflict and emotion dysregulation (p <0.05). Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between parent-adolescent conflict with emotional dysregulation with the mediating role of avoiding experience (p <0.05). The results also showed that the relationship between parent-adolescent conflict and emotional dysfunction with the mediating role of experience avoidance was higher in boys than girls (p <0.05). Based on the research findings, it can be said that parents should be asked to provide as much ground as possible for adolescents to gain new and useful experiences to increase their self-confidence and thus even resolve the conflict between themselves and their child. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Predicting marital conflicts based on emotion regulation strategies with the mediation of health locus of control in women
Foroozan Tarifi Davood Moeinan Alireza MollazadehAim: The aim of the present study was to predict marital conflicts based on emotion regulation strategies with the mediation of health locus of control in women. Method: The research method was descriptive-correlation of structural equations type. The statistical popula MoreAim: The aim of the present study was to predict marital conflicts based on emotion regulation strategies with the mediation of health locus of control in women. Method: The research method was descriptive-correlation of structural equations type. The statistical population of the research included all women with marital conflict who referred to Islamic counseling center in Dezful city in 2019-2020. Using the available sampling method, 200 women with marital conflict were selected. Research tools included Garnefski et al.'s emotion regulation questionnaire (2002), Walston et al.'s health locus of control scale (1978), and Sanai and Barati's marital conflicts questionnaire (1996). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and path analysis. Results: The research findings indicated the direct effect of external control source and internal control source on marital conflicts in women, the direct effect of efficient and ineffective emotion regulation on marital conflicts in women, and the indirect effect of emotion regulation through the mediating variable of health control source. Also, the fit of the research model was favorable and confirmed (p≥001). Conclusions: Therefore, it can be concluded that effective emotion regulation strategies and internal health control resources reduce marital conflicts in people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The moderating role of conflict resolution styles in relation to marital conflicts and emotional divorce
Mina Afkhami-Poostchi fatemeh AlidoostiAim: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the moderating role of conflict resolution styles in relation to marital conflicts and emotional divorce. Method: The method of research was correlation and statistical community, including married men a MoreAim: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the moderating role of conflict resolution styles in relation to marital conflicts and emotional divorce. Method: The method of research was correlation and statistical community, including married men and women of Mashhad city in the period from May to July 2019, and 265 people were selected by available sampling method and were asked Gutman's Emotional Divorce Questionnaire (2010), Sanai and Barati's Marital Conflict Scale (1997) and the second version of Rahim's Conflict Resolution Styles Questionnaire (1983). Findings: The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that all components of marital conflict have a positive and significant correlation with emotional divorce and a significant negative correlation with constructive conflict resolution style. Also, there is a significant negative relationship between constructive conflict resolution style and emotional divorce. In addition, based on the results of hierarchical regression, the use of constructive conflict resolution style has a moderating role between marital conflicts and emotional divorce. Conclusion: The results showed that marital conflicts can predict the reduction of emotional divorce by modulating people's use of constructive conflict resolution style. Therefore, people using constructive conflict resolution styles, despite experiencing marital conflicts, are less likely to experience coldness in the relationship and emotional divorce. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - The relationship between parent - child conflict and family emotional conditions with academic performance in the first period high school students Karun City
Saeed BakhtiarporrThe aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between parent - child conflict and family emotional conditions with academic performance. The statistical community was all the first period high school students Karun City which 170 of them were selected thr MoreThe aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between parent - child conflict and family emotional conditions with academic performance. The statistical community was all the first period high school students Karun City which 170 of them were selected through multistage random sampling method. All participants were to complete parent - child conflict questionnaire and family emotional conditions questionnaire and data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression. The Results showed that there are a significant negative correlation between parent - child conflict with academic performance (r=-0/14, p<0/05), but there is no significant relationship between family emotional conditions and academic performance (r=0/09, p>0/05). Also the results of the simultaneous enter regression analysis showed that there are no significant multiple relationship between independent variables and academic performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Comparison the effectiveness of group counseling based on choice theory and Gottman theory on increasing marital intimacy and decreasing marital conflicts in married women
Eghbal Zarei Reza Borumand Maryam Sadegifard Samaneh Najarpourian Mahin AskariThis research aimed to comparison the effectiveness of group counseling based on choice theory and Gottman theory on increasing marital intimacy and decreasing marital conflicts in married women. Present research was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test de MoreThis research aimed to comparison the effectiveness of group counseling based on choice theory and Gottman theory on increasing marital intimacy and decreasing marital conflicts in married women. Present research was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with control group. Research population was included married women with marital problem referred to counseling and psychological services center of Mehr Jonoob in BandarAbbas city in 2016 year that from them 45 people were selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned to three equal groups (each group 15 people). Each of the experimental groups trained 8 sessions of 90 minutes with one of the group counseling methods (based on choice theory or based on Gottman theory). Groups completed the questionnaires of marital intimacy (walker & Thompson, 1983) and marital conflicts (Sanaee, 2007) in the pre-test and post-test stages. Data was analyzed with using SPSS-20 software and with multivariate analysis of covariance and post-hoc test methods. The findings showed both methods of group counseling based on choice theory and Gottman theory was effective on increasing marital intimacy and decreasing marital conflicts in married women. Also group counseling based on choice theory in comparison the group counseling based on Gottman theory was effective on increasing marital intimacy in married women, but there wasn’t any significant differences between both methods on decreasing marital conflicts in married women (P<0/05). Therefore, counselors and therapists can use from both methods especially the group counseling based on choice theory method to psychological interventions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Effectiveness of family therapy via reality therapy method on social components of marital conflicts and burnout of couples
elaheh Amiri Farhad Jomehri Fariborz BagheriPresent research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of family therapy via reality therapy method on social components of marital conflicts and burnout of couples. This study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population of MorePresent research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of family therapy via reality therapy method on social components of marital conflicts and burnout of couples. This study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population of the study was all families with incompatibility that referring to Pishro counseling center in Tehran city in 2016 year. To select sample from population selected 30 family through available sampling method and randomly assigned to two equal groups. The experimental group trained 9 sessions of 90 minutes undergoing family therapy via reality therapy method. Groups completed the questionnaires of marital conflicts (Barati, 1996) and marital burnout (Pines, 1996) in the pre-test and post-test stages. Data was analyzed with multivariate analysis of covariance method. The findings showed family therapy via reality therapy method significantly led to decrease social components of marital conflicts and burnout. In the other words this therapy method led to increase cooperation and family relationship with relatives and friends of spouse and decrease individual relationship with relatives, mental burnout and emotional burnout of couples (P<0/01). Therefore, family therapy via reality therapy method is an effective method to improve the psychological characteristics of couples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - The effect of emotional center couple therapy on marital expectations in couples with marital conflicts
Shima Bagheri Mojgan Sepahmansour Fariba Hasani Sozan EmamipourThis research aimed to determine the effect of emotional center couple therapy on marital expectations in couples with marital conflicts. Present study was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with control group. Research population was couples with MoreThis research aimed to determine the effect of emotional center couple therapy on marital expectations in couples with marital conflicts. Present study was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with control group. Research population was couples with the marital conflicts that referring to counseling centers of first region of three district of Karaj city in 2017 year. Totally 30 couple were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two equal groups (each group 15 couple). The intervention group trained 10 sessions of 90 minutes (weekly two sessions) by the method of emotional center couple therapy and the control group was placed on the waiting list for training. Data were collected with using the Omidvar & et al' marital expectations questionnaire and analyzed by the multivariate analysis of covariance method. The result showed that the emotional center couple therapy method led to significant improve the expectation of spouse as a friend and supporter, expectation of marital life and expectation of ideal relationship in couples with marital conflicts (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Predicting marital adjustment based on marital expectations with mediate role of marital conflicts
Simin Omrani Farhad Jomehri Hasan AhadiPresent research aimed to predicting marital adjustment based on marital expectations with mediate role of marital conflicts. The research population was married students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran Branches in 2018-19 academic years. The research sample was 40 MorePresent research aimed to predicting marital adjustment based on marital expectations with mediate role of marital conflicts. The research population was married students of Islamic Azad University of Tehran Branches in 2018-19 academic years. The research sample was 400 people (200 men and 200 women) that were selected by multistep cluster sampling method. Data collection tools consisted of the questionnaires of marital adjustment (Spanier, 1976), marital expectations (Bahrami Ehsan and et al, 2010) and marital conflicts (Sanaei, 2008). The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method with using of LISREL software. The findings showed that the fit of model was suitable and marital expectations on marital conflicts and marital adjustment and marital conflicts and marital adjustment of married students has a direct and significant effect. Also marital expectations with mediate the marital conflicts on marital adjustment of married students has an indirect and significant effect (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The effect of teaching interpersonal communication skills on improving social relationships and interpersonal conflicts resolution
Sepideh Safarpour Dehkordi Shahrbanoo Tajiki Saeed Razeghi Mohammad MozaffariThe aim of this study was determine the effect of teaching interpersonal communication skills on improving social relationships and interpersonal conflicts resolution. Study methodology was semi-experimental with design of pretest-posttest with control group. Research p MoreThe aim of this study was determine the effect of teaching interpersonal communication skills on improving social relationships and interpersonal conflicts resolution. Study methodology was semi-experimental with design of pretest-posttest with control group. Research population was women with marital problems referring to counseling and psychological services centers of Shiraz city in 2019 year. From them 50 people were selected by purposeful sampling method and assigned into two equal groups. The experimental group trained 7 of 2 hours sessions by method of interpersonal communication skills (one session per week) and the control group didn’t receive training. Data collected with the questionnaires of social relationships (Monajemizadeh, 2012) and interpersonal conflicts resolution (Fisher and Ury, 1981) and analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method in SPSS-24 software. The results showed that teaching interpersonal communication skills led to significant increase social relationships and interpersonal conflicts resolution in women with marital problems (P<0/001). Therefore it is suggested that therapists used from teaching interpersonal communication skills along with other educational and therapeutic methods to improve the psychological characteristics especially increase social relationships and interpersonal conflicts resolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - The effectiveness of mindfulness training on emotional self-regulation, enduring anxiety disorder and moral resilience, resolving marital conflicts in couples with compatibility problems in Kermanshah
shima parandinMindfulness is a unique way to help and respond to couples' problems that help them resolve their conflicts by providing non-judgmental awareness. Therefore, the study was conducted with the aim of making mindfulness training effective on emotional self-regulation, endu MoreMindfulness is a unique way to help and respond to couples' problems that help them resolve their conflicts by providing non-judgmental awareness. Therefore, the study was conducted with the aim of making mindfulness training effective on emotional self-regulation, enduring anxiety disorder and moral resilience, and resolving marital conflicts in couples with a compatibility problem in Kermanshah.Applied research is a semi-experimental, pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of all couples has marital differences referring to the counseling centers of Kermanshah Dispute Resolution Council in 1398. The sample size of 30 male and female couples is inconsistent, which was selected by the available method and then estimated by the random method of 30 people (experimental group of 15 people, control group of 15 people). Therapeutic protocol was mindfulness training. Research tools include a self-regulatory emotion questionnaire with a reliability of 0.81, a tolerance questionnaire with a reliability of 0.83, moral resilience with a reliability of 0.81, and a marital conflict questionnaire with a reliability of 0.86. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the supervisor. Descriptive statistics (percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of variance test) were used to analyze the data. The results showed that mindfulness training reduced conflict conflicts and increased self-regulation, moral resilience and tolerance of confusion in incompatible couples.Mindfulness training can effectively reduce the amount of conflict and washing and affect the level of moral resilience and tolerance of confusion, self-regulation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Effectiveness of Premarital Training based on Interpersonal Choices and Knowledge Program on Dysfunctional Relationship Beliefs of Couples in the Verge of Marriage with Conflict
Banafsheh NazariPresent research aimed to determine the effectiveness of premarital training based on interpersonal choices and knowledge program on dysfunctional relationship beliefs of couples in the verge of marriage with conflict. The research design was semi-experimental with pret MorePresent research aimed to determine the effectiveness of premarital training based on interpersonal choices and knowledge program on dysfunctional relationship beliefs of couples in the verge of marriage with conflict. The research design was semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and follow-up with control group. The research population was couples referred to counseling centers of five districts of Tehran city in 2019 year which from them 30 couples (60 people) were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups. The experimental group underwent 9 sessions of 90 minutes the premarital training based on interpersonal choices and knowledge program and the control group did not receive training. The research tool was the dysfunctional relationship beliefs inventory (Eidelson and Epstein, 1982) and the marital attitude scale (Braaten and Rosen, 1998) and the data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-15 software. The findings showed that the premarital training based on interpersonal choices and knowledge program led to decrease dysfunctional relationship beliefs of couples in the verge of marriage with conflict and the results remained stable in the follow-up phase (p < 0.001). According to the results, the use of premarital training based on interpersonal choices and knowledge program is necessary to improve psychological characteristics, especially dysfunctional relationship beliefs of couples in the verge of marriage with conflict. Therefore, clinical psychologists and therapists can use from method of premarital training based on interpersonal choices and knowledge program along with other educational methods to increase dysfunctional relationship beliefs of couples in the verge of marriage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The Effectiveness of Marital Life Enrichment Training Based on Emotion-Based Approach on Social Health and Reducing Marital Conflicts of Divorced Couples Referred to Bushehr Counseling Centers
Setareh Mohannaei Sedigheh Golkam Soodabeh Sarkhosh Reza FarashbandiThe purpose of this study was the effectiveness of marital life enrichment training based on emotion-based approach to social health and reducing marital conflicts of couples seeking divorce referring to counseling centers in Bushehr in the first six months of 1399. Met MoreThe purpose of this study was the effectiveness of marital life enrichment training based on emotion-based approach to social health and reducing marital conflicts of couples seeking divorce referring to counseling centers in Bushehr in the first six months of 1399. Methods: This quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with a control group and the statistical population of the present study were 1464 people (732 couples) seeking divorce referred to counseling centers in Bushehr. The sample size was 30 couples who were randomly selected by alternative method and were replaced in experimental and control groups. After performing the pre-test, the experimental group was exposed to marital life enrichment training based on emotion-based approach for 8 sessions of 90 minutes (one session per week). The instruments of the present study were Keys and Shapiro social health questionnaires and Barati and Sanai marital conflicts. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and SPSS 23 software. The results showed that marital life enrichment training based on emotion-based approach improved the components of social health, ie social cohesion, social adjustment, social participation, social prosperity and social acceptance in the experimental group compared to the control group. Also, marital life enrichment training based on emotion-based approach increases child support and has a negative effect on reducing cooperation, reducing sexual intercourse, emotional reactions, reducing family relationships with spouse relatives and separating finances from each other in the experimental group. Witness to the group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - The effectiveness of ontological education based on Giddens's theory on marital satisfaction and role conflict in prison staff
Morad Karandish Ali Mahdad Mohsen GolparvarPrisons staff are faced with many problems, especially in the field of declining marital satisfaction and increasing role conflict, and one of the educational methods to improve the psychological characteristics is ontological education. Therefore, the present study was MorePrisons staff are faced with many problems, especially in the field of declining marital satisfaction and increasing role conflict, and one of the educational methods to improve the psychological characteristics is ontological education. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determine the effectiveness of ontological education based on Giddens's theory on marital satisfaction and role conflict in prison staff. This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and trimester follow-up with control group. The present study population was the staff of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province prisons in 2018 year. The sample of this study was 30 people of prisons staff who after reviewing the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly replaced in two equal groups. The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of 60 minutes (per week one session) ontological education based on Giddens's theory and the control group did not receive training. Both groups in addition to the demographic information form, responded to the short form of marital satisfaction questionnaire (Afrooz and Ghodrati, 2011) and role conflict subscale in the role conflict and ambiguity questionnaire (Rizzo, House and Lirtzman, 1970) in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-23 software. The findings showed that the ontological education method based on Giddens's theory led to increased marital satisfaction and decreased role conflict in prison staff and the results remained in the follow-up stage (P<0.05). According to the results of the present study, can be used ontological education method along with other educational methods to improve psychological characteristics, especially to increase marital satisfaction and decrease role conflict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Development of a psychological training package to deal with suspicion based on Islamic sources And its feasibility in reducing marital conflicts
hoosin fatemi khah mohamad reza salari far mohamad farhoshThe research was conducted with the aim of developing a psychological training package to deal with suspicion based on Islamic sources and its feasibility in reducing marital conflicts. The approach of the current research is qualitative and quantitative and two methods MoreThe research was conducted with the aim of developing a psychological training package to deal with suspicion based on Islamic sources and its feasibility in reducing marital conflicts. The approach of the current research is qualitative and quantitative and two methods of content analysis and experiment were used. In the qualitative part, in order to develop a standard package in the field of skepticism based on Islamic sources, the previous sources in this field as well as the verses and traditions and the sayings of religious elders in this field were used. In order to determine the effectiveness of the developed package, the pre-test-post-test experimental method was used. The sample size of 14 couples (7 couples in the control group; 7 couples in the experimental group) referring to counseling centers in Tehran were selected as a sample. The designed training package consisted of 8 sessions and lasted for 45 minutes. The research tool was Sanai, Barati and Bustanipour's Marital Conflict Questionnaire (1387), whose content (face) validity was confirmed by the supervisor. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained through Cronbach's alpha test of 0.84. Descriptive methods were used for data analysis in the qualitative part, and descriptive statistics (percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (variance test) were calculated using the pre-test-post-test experimental method in the quantitative part. The results showed that the educational package has the necessary validity from the point of view of the experts. The results indicate that the educational package reduces the amount of marital conflicts. The results showed that the training package for dealing with suspicion was able to reduce the amount of marital conflicts. This means that marital conflicts, which as a conflict between a man and a woman, as one of the sources of power, have brought stress for the couple, in a way they face many financial, social, sexual problems, and many tensions, from which It is rooted in the suspicions of couples towards each other, through Quranic orders, spiritual solutions by the innocent and combining them with psychological solutions can free couples from marital conflicts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Effectiveness of virtual training of quality of life therapy on work-family conflict, work addiction, mental health and interpersonal interactions in working employees
Maedeh mokhtari karchegani Hadi FarhadiAbstractThe present research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of virtual training of quality of life therapy on work-family conflict, work addiction, mental health and interpersonal interactions in working employees. The research method was a semi-experim MoreAbstractThe present research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of virtual training of quality of life therapy on work-family conflict, work addiction, mental health and interpersonal interactions in working employees. The research method was a semi-experimental research method with experimental and control groups and pre-test-post-test and follow up. The statistical population included all secondary school female teachers in Isfahan city in the academic year of 2021-2020, 30 female teachers were selected by random sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 people) and a control group (15 people). The experimental group underwent 8 90-minute virtual training of quality of life therapy and the control group remained on the waiting list. Both groups were evaluated in the pre-test, post-test and follow up stages by work-family conflict questionnaire (Carlson et al., 2000) General Health Questioner(Goldberg, 1979), Work addiction questionnaire(Spence & Robbins, 1992) and Interpersonal interactions questionnaire(Mack Alister, 1995). In order to analyze the data, statistical methods and SPSS version 23 software and repeated measures analysis were used. The findings showed that that virtual training of quality of life therapy has a significant effect on work-family conflict, work addiction, mental health and interpersonal interactions (p<0.001). As a result, virtual training of quality of life therapy as an effective therapy can help to improve mental health. Therefore, it is suggested that counselors and psychologists pay special attention to virtual training of quality of life therapy to reduce work-family conflict and work addiction and increase mental health and interpersonal interactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - The effectiveness of time perspective treatment in reducing anxiety, depression and work-family conflicts of female education managers
vajiheh zohoorparvandeh elaheh seddighiThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of time perspective therapy on reducing anxiety, depression and work-family conflicts of managers. The research method was semi-experimental in terms of practical purpose and research design MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of time perspective therapy on reducing anxiety, depression and work-family conflicts of managers. The research method was semi-experimental in terms of practical purpose and research design with pre-test-post-test with control group. The socio-statistics of the research included the education managers of Mashhad in the academic year of 2022. In this research, 30 managers were selected by cluster sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 managers in the experimental group and 15 managers in the control group). The experimental group received the training intervention in 8 sessions of 60 minutes during one month. The questionnaires used in this research included Beck's anxiety (1988), Beck's depression (1974) and work-family conflicts by Carlson et al. (2000). The data obtained from the research were analyzed by analysis of covariance using SPSS version 23 statistical software. The results showed that treatment based on time perspective has an effect on reducing anxiety, depression and work-family conflicts of female managers working in education and training (p<0.05). On the other hand, according to the effect size for the post-test anxiety variable in the group, the results showed that 25% of the variance in the anxiety variable is explained by the treatment based on time perspective, as well as 29% for the depression variable and 29% for the work-family conflict variable. 44% is explained. In fact, due to the stressfulness of the management job and according to the results of this research, it is possible to benefit from time perspective therapy as an effective method in strengthening psychological resources and improving the psyche of managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Relationship between conflict management styles with job stress of elementary school teachers
shiva momayez reza niasty Somayyeh Zaker Dolatabadi Raziyeh Zaker Dolatabadi ziba shams ali jamal ashooriThis research aimed to investigate the relationship between conflict management styles with job stress of elementary school teachers. This was a cross-sectional study from type of correlation. The statistical population of that included all elementary school teachers of MoreThis research aimed to investigate the relationship between conflict management styles with job stress of elementary school teachers. This was a cross-sectional study from type of correlation. The statistical population of that included all elementary school teachers of Varamin city in 2015 year. From them 310 teacher were selected by multistep cluster sampling method and all of them completed the questionnaires of conflict management styles (Robbins & DeCenzo, 1998) and job stress (Spector & Jex, 1998). Data was analyzed with Pearson correlation and multivariate regression with stepwise model methods. The findings of correlation showed a significantly negative relationship between conflict management styles of accommodating and cooperating with job stress and a significantly positive relationship between conflict management styles of avoiding and competing with job stress, but there isn’t any significant relationship between conflict management style of compromising with job stress. Also the finding of regression showed conflict management styles of avoiding, accommodating and cooperating can predict 38/4 percent of variance of job stress among elementary school teachers (P≤0/01). Regarded to results of this study suggest that counselors and therapists consider the symptoms of these variables and based on design appropriate programs to reduce job stress of elementary teachers and to implement it with using educational workshops. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Investigate relationship of core self-evaluations with job satisfaction: Mediating role of work- family conflict and work- family facilitation
sahar ahmadi chegeni maryam mahmoodikia abdolkazem neysiThe aim of this study was investigate the relationship between of core self-evaluations with job satisfaction considering mediating role of work-family conflict and work-family facilitation. Statistical society was employees of an industrial company so that sample was s MoreThe aim of this study was investigate the relationship between of core self-evaluations with job satisfaction considering mediating role of work-family conflict and work-family facilitation. Statistical society was employees of an industrial company so that sample was selected from 200 persons of them stratified random method. The instruments which used in this research were core self-evaluations, work-family conflict, work-family facilitation and job satisfaction questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, structure equation modeling (SEM) and mediation analysis. The results showed that the proposed model fit the data properly. Also all direct and indirect effects were significant. In fact, core self-evaluations directly and indirectly are lead to job satisfaction. These findings may provide insight into the underlying mechanism or process causing work- family conflict or facilitation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Interpersonal conflict management in Shahnameh
nazila yakhdansaz parvaneh adelzadeh kamran pashayi fakhriA fundamental and important aspect of organizational behavior is conflict between people that arise because of differences in feelings, goals, , and values among individuals. Conflict management, as a major approach in organizational behavior, attempts to control these MoreA fundamental and important aspect of organizational behavior is conflict between people that arise because of differences in feelings, goals, , and values among individuals. Conflict management, as a major approach in organizational behavior, attempts to control these conflicts by proposing several solutions. If Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, as a unique epic work, is to be summarized into a few characteristics, certainly, the most important characteristic would be its conflicts and struggles together with their positive and negative impacts that seems to have overshadowed the entire work. in the current study, the interpersonal conflicts in Shahanameh have been extracted. Then, these cases of conflict have been decoded and adapted to the evidence at hand. Later, the styles of managing conflict presented in Shahnameh have been explained and the research question has been elaborated accordingly. In the current study, Ferdowsi’s managerial viewpoints have been discussed and it has been found that with the skills of a modern manager, Ferdowsi is familiar with principles and dimensions of this science and is attempting to make the most appropriate decisions in various situations, by having a through command of the condition at hand, he wants to stimulate people according to their needs and make diverse decisions in situations that are just superficially similar. The purpose of the current study is to show Ferdowsi’s major viewpoints and present his solutions and methods based on controlling and solving interpersonal conflicts and struggles that arise in various situations. This could be considered as a significant model for modern managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Investigating the binary oppositions in the Works of Houshang Moradi Kermani and Hans Christian Andersen
neda noorpisheh ahmad tahan farzaneh mozafarianRecognition of the child and the world of childhood depends on the recognition of the social, economic, and moral factors of society and, given the different infrastructure in each society, the definition of childhood will also be different. The child's literature, in p MoreRecognition of the child and the world of childhood depends on the recognition of the social, economic, and moral factors of society and, given the different infrastructure in each society, the definition of childhood will also be different. The child's literature, in particular the story, with its particular style and method of teaching, guides its audience towards knowledge, insight, method and direction, shapes the world and finds its personality and individuality. Plays a major role. For the progress of narration and story, personality must come from action to another. It is only through the confrontation that the narrative is created, and therefore the characters and their actions must be examined in double contrasts. Conceptual structures here and in this study are dual structures and opposites that are the opposites of good and evil, bad and good, etc., which is observed throughout the Persian discourse. The structuralist study of the writings of the two writers suggests that the poor are struggling to escape from the conditions, but eventually his situation does not change much. The bondage and slavery of the poor class are also common features of these works. The use of force, violence and the offensive tone of the wealthy class are among the common features of the writings of these two writers. The research is progressing to the conceptual structures of dual contrasts in three works by Houshang Moradi Kermani and three works by Hans Christian Andersen The author of this study uses descriptive-analytical method and library-documentary resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Designing a communication model of conflict management strategies with the satisfaction of athletes of Iranian national teams for the deaf
saeid solgi faride ashraf ganjoui ali zarei jasem manouchehriThe overall purpose of this study was to design a communication model of conflict management strategies with the satisfaction of athletes of national teams of the Deaf Sports Federation of Iran.The statistical population of the present study consists of all athletes of MoreThe overall purpose of this study was to design a communication model of conflict management strategies with the satisfaction of athletes of national teams of the Deaf Sports Federation of Iran.The statistical population of the present study consists of all athletes of the national teams of the deaf in Iran,whose number is 220 athletes and the statistical sample of the research consists of 150 athletes selected by the national teams.In this study used Robbins (1998) Conflict Management and Athletes Satisfaction Questionnaires of Rimrochladora (1998).To analyze the data and prioritize and determine the dominant style of conflict management,Friedman test and to determine the relationship between variables and the effectiveness of variables while using Pearson correlation coefficient, structural equation modeling method has been used.Smart PLS was used to perform calculations and model design.The results show that the coaches of the national teams for the deaf use the non-confrontation strategy more and the control style has the least use.Among the dimensions of athletes' satisfaction,after the satisfaction of individual performance has the highest average and after satisfaction with team performance has the lowest average.Also the results of structural equation modeling showed that the relationship between conflict management styles(t = 2.81,f = 0.68)with athlete satisfaction,solution orientation strategy(t = 2.64, f = 0.46)and non-confrontation strategy(t = 2.78,f = 0.32)Have a positive and significant relationship with athletes 'satisfaction and 46 and 32% are effective on athletes' satisfaction,respectively.According to the research,when the coaches use solution-oriented and non-confrontational strategies,they are more successful in managing conflicts and creating athlete satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Study of Conflict between Ideological-Religious Positions of the Islamic Republic and National Interest
hosain jamaatiThe main issue discussed in the present research is study of conflict (tazahom) between Iranian society’s national interests and its ideologicalreligious position. Rationale of the present research is that one of the objections posed concerning the relation betwee MoreThe main issue discussed in the present research is study of conflict (tazahom) between Iranian society’s national interests and its ideologicalreligious position. Rationale of the present research is that one of the objections posed concerning the relation between “national interests” and “ideological-religious position” of Iran is conflict between the latter and former after victory of the Islamic Revolution and establishment of the Islamic Republic in the context of international political relations. The present study which is based on a descriptive-analytical methodology and uses library methodology to gather data, comes to the conclusion that: the Iranian society’s national interests are coherent and compatible with its ideologicalreligious position and identity; and, as a matter of fact, the Islamic identity of the Iran’s system and State constitutes and underlies the national interests. Furthermore, even if we accept conflict and inconsistency [of ideological-religious position] with some components of the national interests, it can be removed through implanting the rules of conflict in the practical approach of the jurists, i.e. the rule of possible and the rule of preferring the more important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Streamology of identity discourses; Emphasis on semantic conflicts and social developments in Iran
Vida Yaghouti Majid Tavassoli Roknabadi Ali Ashraf NazariA discourse leaving its own discourse order and entering the political discourse order takes place due to its stimulation by one of the active discourses in the political discourse order. The meaning of being provoked is that this inactive discourse is placed in an alie MoreA discourse leaving its own discourse order and entering the political discourse order takes place due to its stimulation by one of the active discourses in the political discourse order. The meaning of being provoked is that this inactive discourse is placed in an alienating relationship with the ruling discourse in the political discourse order, and the ruling discourse tries to find an identity by rejecting it. From the day of the constitutional revolution until today, different and conflicting narratives of the evolution of the concept of identity are presented. We are different types and forms of nationalism and sense of religious, cultural, ethnic and political belonging. IN this research, an approach and understanding of politics is presented in the form of the "discourse transformation" model, according to which, sociological developments and new orders in society and the liberation of the subject's abilities, which through the establishment of pre-identities Certain and completely objective social relations that have been suppressed. It is possible to appear. : Affected by the importance of central ideas in the field of individual and civil rights, as well as the centralization of new and critical thoughts regarding citizens' freedom and right to choose, witnessing an increase in the focus on citizens' individuality and subjectivity. [Individual] We are them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - Conflict between the right to education and other rights of students
Morteza Taghizadeh Seyed Mehdi Ahmadi Mousavi Bagher Shamloo Mohammad Amini ZadehThe purpose of the research is to understand whether the right to education along with other fundamental rights are fully provided by the school administrators or the implementation of one right is accompanied by the restriction of other rights. Because in addition to t MoreThe purpose of the research is to understand whether the right to education along with other fundamental rights are fully provided by the school administrators or the implementation of one right is accompanied by the restriction of other rights. Because in addition to the right to education in schools, there are other rights that are equal to the right to education in terms of value and efficiency. The right to security, the right to marry, and the right to freedom of behavior are among these rights. At the point of implementation, these fundamental rights may disturb each other. Therefore, it is necessary to provide conditions so that the school administrators, as it should be, provide the students with all the fundamental rights. The research method is qualitative and library-based. At the end of the research, by analyzing the facts in schools, we will realize that although there may be a conflict between the rights in the implementation phase, this conflict is not insoluble. It is possible to establish an interaction between all of them without endangering some rights, and while explaining how to resolve this conflict, it is possible to help school administrators to establish a balance between these rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Providing a model for improving individual creativity through confliction and integration among education staff in Gohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province
Naser Bashiri ghodarzi Saeed Aghasi, Sayed Rasool AghadavoodThe present study aimed to provide a model for improving individual creativity through confliction and integration among staff of cnteral organization of education in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province using grounded theory. Grounded theory is used to theorize about or MoreThe present study aimed to provide a model for improving individual creativity through confliction and integration among staff of cnteral organization of education in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province using grounded theory. Grounded theory is used to theorize about organizational phenomena. The ultimate goal of this study was to understand the data of the Foundation for Improving Individual Creativity in the Education Organization of Gahgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces. The research data were obtained through 15 semi-structured interviews with selected academic experts of Gahgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces, and then extracted in the coding process and related categories in the form of two causal conditions (contradiction of mental patterns and ideation); 7 central phenomena (intra-group conflict, interpersonal conflict, inter-individual and group conflict, intergroup conflict, inter-organizational conflict, internal integration, external integration); an underlying condition (information gap); An intervening condition (mental self-control); Strategies and consequences of a specific conceptual model were explained and elaborated during the selective coding stage of each of the model elements in order to create a research theory. The results of this research can help the managers of the education organization in recognizing the policies, systems and procedures that help to improve or hinder the individual creativity of employees. The results of the research indicate that a set of strategies that the model of improving the individual creativity of employees chooses and leads to the consequences of improving individual creativity; Indicates conflict and integration among employees in practice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Investigating the underlying factors improve the perceived level of the team creativity and its impact on organizational entrepreneurship
Mehdi Rashidi Sayyid Ali Banihashemi Batoul DonyaeeIntroductionOrganizational entrepreneurship is one of the ways for government organizations and institutions to respond to environmental requirements. Many organizations have turned to team-based systems to increase accountability and work to foster innovation and creat MoreIntroductionOrganizational entrepreneurship is one of the ways for government organizations and institutions to respond to environmental requirements. Many organizations have turned to team-based systems to increase accountability and work to foster innovation and creativity. In today's organizations, most of the departments of the organization act like a team and cooperate with each other to achieve the goals of the organization. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that improve the level of team creativity and its impact on organizational entrepreneurship.MethodThe present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational details in terms of data collection method. This research has been done in government offices of Sarayan city. Data collection tools were standard questionnaires. After confirming the validity and reliability of the instrument, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS software using structural equation modeling.ResultsThe results showed that team interaction behaviors, rapid team trust, conflict and interdependence of tasks have a significant effect on the level of team creativity. Also, the level of performance of team creativity has a significant effect on organizational entrepreneurship.DiscussionAccording to the findings of this study, use of work teams causes creativity. On the other hand, creativity is the main element of organizational entrepreneurship. Organizations in which new ideas are supported and progress quickly and go along with environmental changes, better identify opportunities and take advantage of them. By removing them, they differentiate themselves from other organizations and become entrepreneurial organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Relationship between conflict management styles and managers’ creativity among High Schools’ managers in Tehran city
Ramezan Jahanian Muhammad Ali Shayesteh Background: Nowadays, due to increasing and rapid changing societies and plays a key role of education in educating a generation of creative, the importance and necessity of creativity and factors affecting it more evident than ever. Objective: The present study More Background: Nowadays, due to increasing and rapid changing societies and plays a key role of education in educating a generation of creative, the importance and necessity of creativity and factors affecting it more evident than ever. Objective: The present study is conducted in an attempt to investigate the relationship between conflict management styles and manager's creativity in Tehran high schools. Method: the method applied in this study is descriptive correlation method. The population contains all high school managers in Tehran (1363 participants) and the sample of the study includes 300 subjects who were selected according to Morgan's table for determining sample size on the basis of stratified random sampling. Tools used for data collection are two standard questionnaires: styles of conflict management questionnaire and creativity questionnaire. Result (s): The obtained results indicates that there is a positive significant relationship between cooperation style ,reconciliation style, collaboration style and compromise style of conflict management and educational managers’ creativity; however, there is a reverse relationship between domineering (competitive) and avoiding styles of conflict management and educational managers’ creativity. Conclusions: In the process of conflict management, the more the education managers cooperate and re-conciliate with school managers, the more school managers' creativity will increase; on the other hand, if the education managers treat them with pressure and domination, it will lead to less creativity school managers in schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The relationship between personality traits, social support and sexual stereotypes with work-family conflict in entrepreneurship women
Mahbobeh Moradi Eiman Doreh Mohammad Asgari Introduction: Trade and economic globalization, and social change - economic factor that leads to the formal entry into the world of work and entrepreneurship of women outside the family environment. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relation More Introduction: Trade and economic globalization, and social change - economic factor that leads to the formal entry into the world of work and entrepreneurship of women outside the family environment. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between five personality traits, social support and sexual stereotypes with work-family conflict in entrepreneurship women. Method: Sixty members of entrepreneurship women in Arak, Iran, completed Work-Family Conflict Scale, NEO-Personality Inventory Revised, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and sexual stereotypes scale. Results: The analyses by Pearson correlation showed that neuroticism had a positive relationship with work-family conflict and extroversion while consciousness had a negative relationship with work-family conflict. Regression analysis showed that work-family conflict significantly predicted consciousness and support by friends (R2= 0/216). Also, family-work conflict predicted social support by family and extroversion (R2= 0/464). Calculation: Social support from family and significant others, conscientiousness and extraversion personality traits have critical roles in Work - Family Conflict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - The Effectiveness of Conflict resolution skills in Tends to be the opposite sex in Single girls
فرشاد پهلوان زاده ژاله رفاهیAbstract Introduction: One of the issues that young people puts us in conflict and tension, relations between girls and boys due to cultural attitudes, religious, secular, social and familial him. While in many countries of the free world is evident boys and girls, our MoreAbstract Introduction: One of the issues that young people puts us in conflict and tension, relations between girls and boys due to cultural attitudes, religious, secular, social and familial him. While in many countries of the free world is evident boys and girls, our young generation does not know how to deal with this issue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Conflict resolution skills in Tends to be the opposite sex in Single girls in Isfahan city. Method:This study is a quasi experimental design of pretest-posttest control group. The subjects in this study consisted of all Girls Singles have come to the Cultural centers Area 11 isfahan city in the years of 2015. The design of this study was quasi-experimental with control group and two stages of evaluation, included pre test and post test. A total of 40 participants were selected and randomly divided into two experimental(20) and control(20). Experimental group got a 9- session intervention based on Conflict resolution skills, weekly; while control group didn,t get any intervention Each group responded to Applied tools were Tends to be the opposite sex questionnaire. Data were analyzed through univariate analysis of covariance. Results: Findings showed that there are significant differences between the experimental and control groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of analysis of covariance showed that Conflict resolution skills decrease of Tends to be the opposite sex. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - The role of emotional literacy in the prediction of emotional divorce by mediation conflict resolution
سیده فاطمه هاشمی محمد جواد اصغری ابراهیم آبادAbstract Background and aims: this study was disigned to detrmine the predictive role of emotional literacy through the mediation of conflict resolution in the emotional divorce. Materials and method: the design of this study was descriptive and correlational. In thi MoreAbstract Background and aims: this study was disigned to detrmine the predictive role of emotional literacy through the mediation of conflict resolution in the emotional divorce. Materials and method: the design of this study was descriptive and correlational. In this study, which was conducted in 2014-15, 178 married men and woman selected by available sampling method in order to participate in our study. Iranian family psychological function scale (IFPFS, 2012) and emotional divorce questionnaire (Gottman, 1991) were used in order to collect data. Data analyzed by Pearson correlation method and regression analysis. Data analysis performed by using SPSS 21. The study finding showed that emotional divorce predicted by variables. Results: results indicate emotional literacy and conflict resolution were the predictor of emotional divorce. in addition to this, emotional literacy also predicts conflict resolution. Conflict resolution had a mediator’s role between emotional literacy and emotional divorce. Conclusion: the finding suggests that couples experience emotional divorce when they suffer from lack of emotional literacy and unable to resolve the conflict. Thus, reinforcement emotional literacy and identification conflict resolution styles provide the better perception of the emotional divorce etiology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Predicting Emotional Divorce Based on Conflict Control Styles and Psychological Hardiness in Couples
Nahid Azimi Saeedeh Sadat Hosseini Mokhtar Arefi Shima ParandinPurpose: The aim of this study was to predict emotional divorce based on conflict control styles and psychological hardiness in couples. Methodology: This research was descriptive and correlational in terms of practical purpose and data collection method. The statistica MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to predict emotional divorce based on conflict control styles and psychological hardiness in couples. Methodology: This research was descriptive and correlational in terms of practical purpose and data collection method. The statistical population of this study included all couples in Kermanshah in 2017 that had referred to counseling centers. The statistical sample of this study was 200 people. Couples (100 couples) were selected using available and voluntary sampling methods from counseling centers and psychological clinics. The research tools included Ahvaz Hardship Questionnaire (1998); Murray & Strauss Conflict Resolution Control Styles Questionnaire (1999) and Razeghi Emotional Divorce Scale (2009). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and Amos modeling software at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Research findings showed that psychological Hardiness had a significant relationship with emotional divorce of couples in Kermanshah and there was a significant relationship between conflict control styles and emotional divorce of couples. There was also a significant relationship between conflict control styles and psychological stubbornness of couples. Also, the results of regression test showed that the two variables of psychological Hardiness and conflict control styles can predict positive and significant emotional divorce in couples(P<0.005). Conclusion: According to the findings, high psychological distress can prevent emotional divorce and the higher the psychological Hardiness of individuals, the less likely they are to experience emotional divorce Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Comparison Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and an Integrated Approach of Schema Therapy based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Reduction of Marital Conflicts in Divorce Applicant Couples
Mahdi Aalami Saeed Taimory Ghasem Ahi mohammad hossein BayaziPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine comparison effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and an integrated approach of Schema Therapy based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on reduction of marital conflicts in Divorce Applicant Couples. MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to determine comparison effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and an integrated approach of Schema Therapy based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on reduction of marital conflicts in Divorce Applicant Couples. Methodology: The present research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population consisted of 90 couples referring to the Mashhad Crisis Intervention Center in the winter of 2018, which were selected by voluntary sampling method and randomly applied in three experimental and control groups. The experimental groups were trained with a treatment-based approach based on acceptance and commitment and a combined protocol protocol based on acceptance and commitment. All three groups completed the marital conflict scale (MCQ) Sanaei et al. (2008) in the pre-test and post-test stages. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24 and using covariance analysis test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The findings showed that both treatments were effective in reducing marital conflict and that the F value obtained for both experimental groups at the alpha level was significant at 0.01. There was also a significant difference between the effectiveness of the two treatments. The mean of marital conflicts in ACT group was 2/184 and after treatment 153.4 and the mean of marital conflicts before treatment in the schema group, treatment based on ACT 179/6 and after treatment, 132/1 was obtained. Comparison of averages indicated a greater effectiveness of acceptance-based schema therapy and commitment to reducing marital conflict (P <0.001). Conclusions: Since the divorce rate is increasing in our country, this therapeutic integrated approach can help couples to reduction of marital conflicts and divorce tendency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - The Effectiveness of Couple by Transactional Analysis on Marital Disaffection and Commitment in Couples with Marital Conflicts
Ebrahim Ahmadzadehaghdam Parviz Karimisani Mahmoud Goudarzi Omid MoradiPurpose: This study aimed to delineate the couple therapy's effectiveness with the transactional analysis to reduce marital disaffection and advance marital commitment in couples with marital conflicts. Methodology: The study was quasi-experimental with the pretest-pos MorePurpose: This study aimed to delineate the couple therapy's effectiveness with the transactional analysis to reduce marital disaffection and advance marital commitment in couples with marital conflicts. Methodology: The study was quasi-experimental with the pretest-posttest design, and a two-month follow-up test was directed through a control group. The study population contained all couples with marital issues referred to the counseling centers of Mahabad in the second half of 2019 year. To this end, 30 couples were selected by a purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 couples). Couples in the experimental group received ten sessions of 2 hours for Transactional analysis per week; nonetheless, the control group did not receive this training. The data were collected using the Marital Disaffection Scale (Kayser, 1993), the Marital Commitment Questionnaire (Adams and Jones, 1997), and Marital Conflict Questionnaire (Sanai, Barati, and Boostanipoor, 1387). Data were analyzed by Chi-squared, Repeated Measures ANOVA and Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc method using SPSS-24 software. Findings: The findings of Chi-squared indicated that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of age, education, number of children, duration of the marriage, and divorce intention (P >0.05). Correspondingly, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups regarding marital disaffection and marital commitment and their related dimensions regarding the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up phase (P <0.05). Moreover, these results were maintained in the follow-up phase after two months (P <0.05). Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, the couple-therapy teams can exploit the Transactional analysis approach besides other training programs to improve marital issues and conflicts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - The Effectiveness of Mindfulness based stress reduction on Extra-Emotional, Coping Strategies, Emotional Response, and Control Anger in Conflicting Adolescents 18-15 Years Old
Seyed Reza Mohammadi Mousavi Mansoureh BahramipourPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of stress reduction strategies based on awareness-based attention to culture, coping strategies, emotional responsiveness and anger control of conflicting adolescents aged 18-15 years.Methodology: This st MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of stress reduction strategies based on awareness-based attention to culture, coping strategies, emotional responsiveness and anger control of conflicting adolescents aged 18-15 years.Methodology: This study was a quasi-experimental design with two experimental and control groups with pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up period. The study population included conflicting adolescents aged 18-15 years in Isfahan during the summer and autumn of 1400. By randomly available sampling method, 40 conflicting adolescents were selected and replaced in two groups (20 experimental) and (20 control). The experimental group underwent a stress-based strategy based on knowledge-awareness for 10 9-minute sessions and the control group did not receive any training. Research instruments included Farahijan Mitmansgrober et al. (2009), Carver et al. (1989) Coping Skills Questionnaire, Nock et al. (2008), Spielberger Anger Control Questionnaire (1999) and Murray-Parent-Child Conflict Questionnaire. Strauss (1990). Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software version 23.Findings: Findings showed that stress reduction strategy based on awareness of Farahijan (anger, shame, control of violence, suppression, compassion and interest), Awareness of emotional responsiveness (sensitivity, intensity and continuity of emotion) and anger control (external anger, incidence) Internal anger, external anger control and internal anger control) are effective in adolescents aged 18-15 years (P <0.01). The results also showed that stress reduction strategy based on awareness-based attention to the variables of coping style (problem-focused, emotion-focused, ineffective and ineffective) is not effective (P> 0.05).Conclusion: Due to the effect of stress reduction strategy based on awareness on Farahijan, emotional responsiveness, anger management planning is essential for the use of this treatment. As a result, therapists and counselors can use awareness-based stress reduction strategies along with other therapies to improve mood, emotional responsiveness, and anger management, especially in conflicting adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - The role of spouse’s personality traits in the emergence of marital challenges and conflicts and dysfunctional and un sustainable marriages
Talat Ahangar ahmad borjali Mehdi DavaeiSeveral factors threaten marital relations and cause the couple’s intimacy to wear out, which ultimately lead the spouses to the occurrence of marital conflicts. Therefore,the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors of the formation MoreSeveral factors threaten marital relations and cause the couple’s intimacy to wear out, which ultimately lead the spouses to the occurrence of marital conflicts. Therefore,the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors of the formation of marital conflicts in dysfunctions in dysfunctional and un sustainable marriages.The method of this research was qualitative and the foundation data method.The study population included 20 premarital, family and couple counselors and psychologists in Tehran who had at least five years of counseling experience.The participants were and accessible sampling.The analysis of the interviews led to the identification of 4 open codes and central codes and the selected code “marital challenges and conflicts and dysfunctional and un sustainable marriage”.Data analysis showed that multifaceted factors play arole in marital conflicts. Individual factors (characteristics),communication, main family pattern and satisfaction of basic needs are among the desired factors. The strategies extracted from the research,in order to prevent marital conflicts, the main family model should be modified for this purpose, the patterns of attachment and privacy of the husband and wife system should be taken into consideration.The result obtained from the research be the personality traits of irresponsibility pessimism,aloofness,instability,dominance,lack of agreement and mutual understanding,and narcissism-communication skills(problem solving skills,lack of conflict resolution skills)play a negative role in marital interactions and cause the accumulation of unpleasant feelings,anger and helplessness impulsiveness, and as a result,marital conflicts are formed.Paying attention to personality traits and teaching practical communication skills before marriage have been effective factors on the quality of couples’ interactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - The role of conflict resolution strategies and critical thinking in prediction puberty period mental health of girl students
Morteza Tarkhan Nazanin Fahimi Aim: The purpose of this research was to predict conflict resolution strategies and critical thinking in the puberty period mental health of girl students. Method: The research method in this study was a 'correlation' type. Statistical population of this More Aim: The purpose of this research was to predict conflict resolution strategies and critical thinking in the puberty period mental health of girl students. Method: The research method in this study was a 'correlation' type. Statistical population of this research was all girl high school students of Tonekabon city that as between those 150 people were selected by simple randomization. The research instruments are questionnaires consisting of critical thinking skills test-cutest California & weeks Conflict Resolution strategies questionnaires (CRQ) and Kumar mental health checklist (MHC). The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and analysis of multiple regression analysis with the stepwise method and SPSS software were performed. Findings: The calculated determination coefficient (R2) showed that each of the strategies of conflict resolution explains the part of the puberty period of mental health. So that view conflict as natural and positive 14.36 percent, open up options for Mutual gain 8.68 percent, make mutual-benefit agreements 6.22 percent, note needs not wants 5.07 percent, clarify perception 3.12 percent, Step-by-step targeting up to 2.87%, focus on the future first and then learn from the past 2.45 percent, extra consideration 1.85 percent, Atmosphere 1.62 percent, Open up options for mutual gain 1.50 percent, critical thinking 5.12 percent and totaling 52.86 percent was explained common variance of mental health of Students. Conclusion: The purpose of this research in the encouragement of other investigation findings showed that correct application of conflict resolution strategies and critical thinking have a basic role in providing puberty period mental health of girl students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - The Role of Marital Conflicts in the Relationship between Parenting Style and Children's Stubbornness: Mothers Suffering from Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
غزال زندکریمی مریم تقی پورAbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of marital conflicts in the relationship between parenting styles of mothers with premenstrual boredom and of children’s stubbornness. This study was descriptive with structural equation modeling. P MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of marital conflicts in the relationship between parenting styles of mothers with premenstrual boredom and of children’s stubbornness. This study was descriptive with structural equation modeling. Participants were selected availably purposeful from six counseling centers in Tehran in 2023. The entry criteria were having Premenstrual dysphoric disorder with the approval of a clinicians, child aged between 5 and 7 years and education between diploma to master's degree and exclusion criteria, suffering from another mental disorder, or being treated with psychiatric drugs. Participants answered questionnaires on marital conflict, parenting styles, and child stubbornness. The results of this study showed that the structural equation model based on the mediating role of marital conflicts in the relationship between authoritative and authoritarian parenting style of mothers with premenstrual boredom and stubbornness of children has a good fit (P <0.01). But the liberating parenting style and its paths to marital conflict and child stubbornness were taken out of the model. The findings showed that powerful mothers with premenstrual boredom directly and indirectly, with the mediating role of marital conflict, predict a decrease in child stubbornness. In contrast, the authoritarians directly and indirectly significantly predicted the children's stubbornness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Styles of Encountering Conflict among Parents of Students with Psychologically Normal and Abnormal Behaviors
Abbas Hooman سعید اکبری زردخانه علیرضا مرادی Saeid ZandiThe current study was a comparative investigation of the types of conflict tactics applied by the parents of students with normal behavior and the parents of students with abnormal behavior. This research was a descriptive study. The statistical population included all MoreThe current study was a comparative investigation of the types of conflict tactics applied by the parents of students with normal behavior and the parents of students with abnormal behavior. This research was a descriptive study. The statistical population included all male and female high school students with normal-abnormal behavior and their parents in Tehran, Iran. The sample included 208 female students and 193 male students who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. To collect data, Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) and Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) were utilized. Findings showed that, as compared to the parents of adolescents with abnormal behavior, the parents of adolescents with normal behavior employ more constructive tactics which are based on negotiation and reasoning. Additionally, as compared to the parents of adolescents with abnormal behavior, the parents of adolescents with normal behavior less likely resort to destructive tactics which are based on verbal aggressiveness and physical violence. Therefore, it seems that those children whose parents employ more suitable strategies in conflicts are more likely good-behaved and behaviorally normal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - The Styles of Encountering Conflict among Parents of Students with Psychologically Normal and Abnormal Behaviors
Saeid Zandi Abbas Hooman Saeed Akbari-Zardkhaneh Alireza MoradiThe current study was a comparative investigation of the types of conflict tactics applied by the parents of students with normal behavior and the parents of students with abnormal behavior. This research was a descriptive study. The statistical population included all MoreThe current study was a comparative investigation of the types of conflict tactics applied by the parents of students with normal behavior and the parents of students with abnormal behavior. This research was a descriptive study. The statistical population included all male and female high school students with normal-abnormal behavior and their parents in Tehran, Iran. The sample included 208 female students and 193 male students who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. To collect data, Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) and Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) were utilized. Findings showed that, as compared to the parents of adolescents with abnormal behavior, the parents of adolescents with normal behavior employ more constructive tactics which are based on negotiation and reasoning. Additionally, as compared to the parents of adolescents with abnormal behavior, the parents of adolescents with normal behavior less likely resort to destructive tactics which are based on verbal aggressiveness and physical violence. Therefore, it seems that those children whose parents employ more suitable strategies in conflicts are more likely good-behaved and behaviorally normal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - Explain the causal model of organizational culture in conflict resolution between the individual school principals in Tabriz
jafar bahadorikhosroshhi ramin bahadorikhosroshhiThe purpose of the present study was explaining the causal model of organizational culture in conflict resolution in individual school principals in Tabriz. The study was based on causal model and path analysis. The population of Tabriz that all school administrators in MoreThe purpose of the present study was explaining the causal model of organizational culture in conflict resolution in individual school principals in Tabriz. The study was based on causal model and path analysis. The population of Tabriz that all school administrators in the 2016-2017 school year that number was 140, according to statistics provided by the Organization The number of 97 people multistage random sampling method and were selected using Cochran formula. To collect data by the Inventory organizational culture Cameron & Quinn (2006) and Inventory organizational conflict Inventory-II (ROCI-II) Rahim (1995). Data was analyzed using path analysis. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was confirmed. The results showed that the effect of organizational culture is conflict resolution accommodating, integrating and obliging positive and significant and conflict resolution dominating negative and significant. Also effect of organizational culture is conflict resolution avoiding negative and not significant. Therefore attention to the organizational culture managers can be reduced of conflict resolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Modeling of Participative Management on Conflict Management with Mediating Role of Expressive Empathy in Managers: From the Perspective of Teachers
Zeinab Begham Roghieh Vahdat Bourashan Mohammad HassaniThe aim of this research was investigate the modeling of participative management on conflict management with mediating role of expressive empathy in managers: from the perspective of teachers. Present study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation MoreThe aim of this research was investigate the modeling of participative management on conflict management with mediating role of expressive empathy in managers: from the perspective of teachers. Present study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation was descriptive from type of correlation. The research statistical population was the male and female teachers of one and two districts of Urmia city in 2019-20 academic years with number 2967 people. Based on the Cochran's formula, 343 people were selected as the sample by the stratified sampling method based on the service area. The research tools were the questionnaires of participative management (Feyzi & et al, 2009) and conflict management (Thomas & Kilmann, 1974) and subscale expressive empathy in scale of emotional empathy (Mehrabian & Epstein, 1972). Data were analyzed with methods of Pearson correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling in SPSS-19 and Smart PLS-3 software. The findings showed that participative management had a positive and direct effect on expressive empathy and conflict management and expressive empathy had a positive and direct effect on conflict management. Also, participative management with mediating role of expressive empathy had a positive and indirect effect on conflict management (p < 0.05). Based on fit indicators, the model of participative management on conflict management with mediating role of expressive empathy in the managers had a good fit. According to the results, to improve the conflict management of managers can be designed programs and implemented through training workshops for improving participative management and expressive empathy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - The effectiveness of flourishing education on academic conflict and flourishing of primary school students
morteza pordel hosein kareshki majid pakdamanThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of flourishing education on increasing flourishing and academic engagement of students in the first three years of primary school. The research design was quasi-experimental and was a pre-test-post-test and foll MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of flourishing education on increasing flourishing and academic engagement of students in the first three years of primary school. The research design was quasi-experimental and was a pre-test-post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all students of the first three years of primary school in Torbat-e Heydarieh in the academic year of 1998-99. By available sampling method, 50 male students were randomly selected and divided into two groups of 25 (experimental and control). . The instrument used in this study was the HFQ flourishing questionnaire (2014) and the Rio Academic Conflict Questionnaire (2013). The experimental group underwent closed-loop training during 8 sessions of 90 minutes and 2 sessions per week and the control group remained without any intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software and multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of flourishing components and academic engagement in the experimental and control groups. There is also a significant difference in the pre-test and post-test results of the experimental group (P <0.01). Based on this, closed education based on prosperity can be considered as an effective way to increase prosperity and academic engagement of primary school students and use it in schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - A study of the relationship between managers’ self-knowledge and their applying conflict management styles in high schools in Bojnord
mahnaz nistani baratali monfarediThe main responsibility of managers is to maintain an environment in which people can work together and achieve the predetermined goals. To do this, managers should study the effect of their habits and tendencies on other so that they can omit the ones that may have a n MoreThe main responsibility of managers is to maintain an environment in which people can work together and achieve the predetermined goals. To do this, managers should study the effect of their habits and tendencies on other so that they can omit the ones that may have a negative effect on people. Therefore, they should learn self-knowledge and have control over themselves(Knatez et. al , 1384). Knowing oneself has always been sought by human beings. The identification of needs, values, humane objectives and most important of all self-respect is important. To get to self-realization, which is our ultimate goal, the satisfaction of basic needs such as self-respect is necessary. At the same time, self-respect is one of the components of self-knowledge(Alipour, 1375) On the other hand, one of the issues arising out of human relationships is that of conflict. A manager’s responsibility is conflict management. Conflict, if effectively controlled, can reveal hidden organizational issues, improve the quality of decision making and leads to innovation within the organization. The present study investigates the relationship between managers’ self-knowledge and their applying conflict management styles in high schools in Bojnord. The statistical population are the high school managers and the sampling technique is randomized. The study is of survey type. It is a descriptive, correlational study. To gather data, Raj Kumar Sarsovat self-knowledge questionnaire and Rahim’s methods of dealing with conflict were employed. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics(frequency and percentive) and inferential statistics(chi-square) were employed. Cronbach alpha formula was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between managers’ self-knowledge and their applying conflict management styles at 99% confidence. There was also a relationship between self-knowledge and each of conflict management styles(cooperation, solution, competition, avoidance) at 95% percent of certainty. We found that those managers who use cooperation, solution styles have more self-awareness Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - The Styles of Encountering Conflict among Parents of Psychologically Normal-Abnormal Adolescents
abbas homan saeid akbari alireza maradi saeid zandiThe current research intended to investigate the parents' conflict tactics and their adolescent child's normal-abnormal behavior. This research was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included all male and female high school students with norma MoreThe current research intended to investigate the parents' conflict tactics and their adolescent child's normal-abnormal behavior. This research was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included all male and female high school students with normal-abnormal behavior and their parents in Tehran, Iran. The sample included 208 female students and 193 male students who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. To collect data, Conflict Tactics Scale(CTS)and Symptom Checklist-90-R(SCL-90-R) were utilized. Findings showed that, as compared to the parents of adolescents with abnormal behavior, the parents of adolescents with normal behavior employ more constructive tactics which are based on negotiation and reasoning. Additionally, as compared to the parents of adolescents with abnormal behavior, the parents of adolescents with normal behavior less likely resort to destructive tactics which are based on verbal aggressiveness and physical violence. Therefore, it seems that those children whose parents employ more suitable strategies in conflicts are more likely good-behaved and behaviorally normal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Conducts stemmed from companions financial conflicts with the prophet(p.b.a.h) & Imam and metods used by the latter facing the issue
hussein ghazikhaniReview: Among the instruments of conflict and tension in the relations of companions with the Prophet (PBUH) and Imams, one can mention financial affairs. In order to identify the family of the infallibars in facing these kinds of tensions by searching in library resour MoreReview: Among the instruments of conflict and tension in the relations of companions with the Prophet (PBUH) and Imams, one can mention financial affairs. In order to identify the family of the infallibars in facing these kinds of tensions by searching in library resources and inducing conflicts arising from financial affairs in the relations of companions with the Prophet (PBUH) and the Imams, the ways and means of conflict and the way these religious leaders confront conflicts Attention has been paid. Conflicts that have been shown to be inappropriate financial, conflict, betrayal, sectarianism and plotting on the life of Imam Khomeini, and the infallibles tried to guide them, restore the wrongdoers, refuse to make false claims, supervise and inspect, and ... They will prevent or control. Among the instruments of conflict and tension in the relations of companions with the Prophet (PBUH) and Imams, one can mention financial affairs. In order to identify the family of the infallibars in facing these kinds of tensions by searching in library resources and inducing conflicts arising from financial affairs in the relations of companions with the Prophet (PBUH) and the Imams, the ways and means of conflict and the way these religious leaders confront conflicts Attention has been paid. Conflicts that have been shown to be inappropriate financial, conflict, betrayal, sectarianism and plotting on the life of Imam Khomeini, and the infallibles tried to guide them, restore the wrongdoers, refuse to make false claims, supervise and inspect, and ... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - THE Study of Mufid political and intellectual interaction with gowernors of Buveyhid
leila taghavi bahram amaniIranian Shi'a commanders of Buveyhid was able to overcome the Abbasid caliphates of Baghdad more than a century .and they perform worthy services of the social, cultural and Intellectual in Iran and Iraq, and also provided Appropriate space for MoreIranian Shi'a commanders of Buveyhid was able to overcome the Abbasid caliphates of Baghdad more than a century .and they perform worthy services of the social, cultural and Intellectual in Iran and Iraq, and also provided Appropriate space for religious and academic activities of Shiites. at this time the great Shiite scholars such as Sheikh Mufid, Sheikh Sadough and seyed Mortazi were engaged in teaching. - In this paper, interactions governors Buveyhid with one of the largest Shiite scholars Sheikh Mufid' was studied, This study shows that on the one hand Sheikh as famous Shia scholar by holding discussant sessions, writing many books and educating students attempted for dynamics of Shiite jurisprudence and theology .On the other hand Depending on the time of He had a limited relationship and interaction with the rulers (They were a Shi'ite tendencies) he was in great standing with the some commanders of Buveyhid sucha zdaldvlh. But at the same time, sheikh mufid In the second half of his life,( Which coincides with weakness of Buveyhid Rulers and Abbasid power reorientation , and thus weaken the position of the Shiites) exiled Thrice following shia- sunni conflict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - .Political thought of Imam Sajjad (a.s.)
rashid rekabiyanThe question of the article is that what was the main conflict of political order in society in the period of Imam Sajjad (a.s.)? What was his ideal prescription for solution of the conflict? Based on the Springer theoric framework, the as MoreThe question of the article is that what was the main conflict of political order in society in the period of Imam Sajjad (a.s.)? What was his ideal prescription for solution of the conflict? Based on the Springer theoric framework, the assumption of the reasearch is that conflict, Downhill ,autocracy, heresy,corruption have been the main causes of gap beween government and Velayat; rebuilding the government and nation relations with Velayat formed Imam Sajjad’s ideal order for the society; his main solution for the confilict has been rebuilding the wisely government of innocent imam.. The research tries to investigate the society in the period of Immam Sajjad (a.s.) based on political problem, causes ,ideals, and solutions. The article has used a historical-descriptive method for analysis of the research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Interactions of JewishMinorityofYazdwithMuslimsintheQajar Period
hamidreza shams esfandiari naser jadidi fezzolahi boshasbgosheHistory of Qajar due tointernal and externalreasonsatdomestic and internationallevel,was evident to a variety of political, social, cultural and religiousevents that have occurred at eachdecadeandits particular point in this era, and has stronglyaffected the lifecontext MoreHistory of Qajar due tointernal and externalreasonsatdomestic and internationallevel,was evident to a variety of political, social, cultural and religiousevents that have occurred at eachdecadeandits particular point in this era, and has stronglyaffected the lifecontext ofthe above-mentionedareas andevenhistorical-ancientphysicallife (situation and thestyle ofbuildings construction). In the meantime, investigation of the interaction situation ofIranian people and the intended area, i.e. Yazd in whichowners ofdifferent religionshavelivedin, in place, seemsinteresting and suchinteractionsandsometimes contradictions were associated withups and downs. This article is in fact a scientific-research attemptin line with thehistoricalandcross-sectionalinvestigationyetdocumentary andanalytical which resulted in a scientific-historic findingin the amount, kind and way of relationships and interactions ofmajorityof Yazd community-theShia Muslims– with a group ofreligious minorities of Yazdcommunityin the Qajar period, i.e. the accommodated Iranian Jewish. The writerassumes that, in different fields, especially areas of commercial, economic cultural, social, religion, etc. many interactions, contradictions, and communications is made betweenthe Jewishminority with ShiaMuslimsresiding in Yazdduring the mentioned period, most of which indicatethecoexistentrelationshipsbetweenthem.The present studyis descriptive-analyticandcollectionofmaterials is in library method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Sexual Violence in International Armed Conflict
Sahar Izadi Leila Raeisi Mahmoud JalaliSahar Izadi [1] Leila Raeisi[2] Mahmoud Jalali[3] Abstract: Domestic and international armed conflicts are causing chaos and an increase in crime. Meanwhile, one of the most important of these crimes is sexual violence against women, who are more vulnerable than MoreSahar Izadi [1] Leila Raeisi[2] Mahmoud Jalali[3] Abstract: Domestic and international armed conflicts are causing chaos and an increase in crime. Meanwhile, one of the most important of these crimes is sexual violence against women, who are more vulnerable than men because they are more vulnerable. In this regard, despite numerous UN resolutions and international conventions, the rate of these crimes has not decreased and has even been committed by UN peacekeepers. Therefore, the main challenge of this study, after explaining the concept of sexual violence, is its place in international laws and regulations, as well as the causes of recurrence of this violence and the study of prevention strategies. At the end of this study, it will be showed that, despite great efforts and strides in international instruments, the International Criminal Tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda and the Statute of the International Criminal Court, there is still insufficient access to justice for women and children and even men victims of sexual violence. At the same time, there are many legal loopholes in international instruments criminalizing sexual violence, and the lack of adequate training of UN peacekeepers and the low number of women is another challenge. [1] - PhD student in International Law, Islamic Azad University Of Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran, s_izadi10@yahoo.com [2] - Associate Professor, International Law, Islamic Azad University Of Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran, leila.raeisi222@gmail.com [3] - Associate Professor, Law Department, University of Isfahan, m.jalali@ase.ui.ac.ir Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Necessity and effect of criminalization of non-international armed conflicts in the Statute of the International Criminal Court
Mohsen Amari Mehdi Hatami Mohammad javad jafariMohsen Amari[1], Mehdi Hatami[2]*,Mohammad Javad Jafari[3] Abstract: In this paper, the need to criminalize non-international armed conflicts and their gradual impact will be examined in a library method by using the note taking.the procedure of the Criminal C MoreMohsen Amari[1], Mehdi Hatami[2]*,Mohammad Javad Jafari[3] Abstract: In this paper, the need to criminalize non-international armed conflicts and their gradual impact will be examined in a library method by using the note taking.the procedure of the Criminal Court for the former Yugoslavia, subs­eq­u­­e­ntly, the Statute of the International Criminal Court in 1998 and the inclusion of the crimes committed in the scope of war crimes, Has led to a massive ch­a­n­ge towards the codifying of laws to these conflicts and developed. In general, the Statute of the Court exceeded the limits of the customary international law on war conflicts in significant and perceptible cases and imposes new obligations on States Parties.The article is divided into two parts; First, it examines the theoretical foundations of the law of armed conflict, and in the second part, it deals with the necessity and effect of criminalization of non-international armed conflict in the Statute of the International Criminal Court. [1].PhD Student in Public International Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran [2].Assistant Professor and member of the faculty of Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran, Corresponding Author [3]. Assistant Professor and Member of the Faculty of Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - RCMS: Requirements Conflict Management and Overlapping Control Strategy in CSOP+RP using Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Soheil Afraz Hassan Rashidi Nasser Mikaeilvand -
Open Access Article
149 - A New Approach in Fuzzy Multi Attribute Group Decision Making
Akbar Alam Tabriz Naser Hamidi Farzad PooyanfarIn today’s modern organizations, group decision making is inevitable, and it is in wide use for facilitating participation of managers and personnel. Meanwhile we can’t easily ignore the role of conflict between decision makers. This conflict overshadows key MoreIn today’s modern organizations, group decision making is inevitable, and it is in wide use for facilitating participation of managers and personnel. Meanwhile we can’t easily ignore the role of conflict between decision makers. This conflict overshadows key elements of decision. In fuzzy group multi criteria decision making, it is possible to see conflict in each criteria. So it will be a new Approach in multi criteria decision makings. Conflicts Classifying and facing each level in every criterion makes the base of method which is proposed in this research. Typically, this Approach in the environment would be no crisp, and will need to use reasoning which controls fuzzy environment. This classifying is able to help decision makers in their committee to screen criteria and alternatives on one hand and Third-party intervention on the other hand. At the end of the paper a numeric example from selecting technology for the proposal approach is being mentioned Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Explanation of Personality Effective Factors on Work – Family Conflict and Outcomes on Employees
arian gholipor hadi salami majideh einianIt is generally believed that teaching is the best job for women from the view of work-family conflict due to its short work time. They are more comfortable and experience less stress in this job hence feeling less so called conflict. This investigation intends to expla MoreIt is generally believed that teaching is the best job for women from the view of work-family conflict due to its short work time. They are more comfortable and experience less stress in this job hence feeling less so called conflict. This investigation intends to explain the relationship between personality and work-family conflict, resulting outcomes of conflict on job satisfaction, and involvement with job. Findings indicate that teaching contributes to the mentioned conflict and brings about job dissatisfaction and the job-alienation. This is because teachers do some part of their jobs in the house (e.g. to correct the papers). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Impact of information technology on organizational behavior (The role of virtually on the behavior of team members)
Mohammad Rahim Ramazanian Atiyeh Safar Doust Farzaneh AbdollahianToday's organizations are largely focused on team structures to carry out their duties more effectively. For developing of the teams in organization that use information technology to communicate between members are in order to meet the dynamics of the environment. Usin MoreToday's organizations are largely focused on team structures to carry out their duties more effectively. For developing of the teams in organization that use information technology to communicate between members are in order to meet the dynamics of the environment. Using of these technologies can have different effects on the individual’s relationship between groups and organizations. One of the effects of group-level concept as the formation of virtually of teams that are discussed in this study. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of virtually, as a moderator variable on relationship between conflict, trust and cooperation. For this purpose we examined virtually of teams in organizations of Guilan Province Science and Technology Park. The Samples are 261 members of the teams that are randomly selected. To achieve the objectives and evaluate hypotheses, correlation and multiple regression test were used. The results show that virtual amount of conflict on respect, trust and cooperation also differ by effect. Results indicate that the virtually affects the relationship between conflict, trust, and cooperation. And increase the negative relationship between conflict and trust and reduce the positive relationship between trust and cooperation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - The effect of communicational skills training on parent-child conflict in boys adolescents with intellectual disability in Yazd
Mehdi Zarei Hossein Abadi kazem barzegar bafrooie morteza omidianThis study examined the effect of communicational skills training on parent-child conflict in boys adolescents with intellectual disability in Yazd. The design of this study was pretest-posttest with control group type and the population included boys with intellectual MoreThis study examined the effect of communicational skills training on parent-child conflict in boys adolescents with intellectual disability in Yazd. The design of this study was pretest-posttest with control group type and the population included boys with intellectual disability 11-20 years intellectual disability special schools in Yazd in the academic year 2014-2015. The sample included 40 students that randomly selected and divided into experiment and control groups (20 persons in each group). The instruments used in this study was Robin & Faster Conflict Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) that all participants completed it in pretest and Post test. The communicational skills training program, including 12 sessions of 50 minutes, was carried to the experimental group. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as independent t-test and covariance analysis was used for data analysis. The Results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between experiment and control groups among parent-child conflict and its Dimensions (p<0/01). The obtained results of data analysis demonstrated that communicational skills training decreased parent-child conflict (41/70%) and its components in adolescents of experimental group in compare with control group. Therefore, it is suggest that emphasis on communicational skills training in intellectual disability special schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and irrational relationship beliefs mediated by effective conflict resolution styles
Masoumeh Sayyadi Rahman Sheykhhadi Sirouei Sahar GhafouriThe aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of effective conflict resolution styles on the relationship between maladaptive early schemas and irrational relationship beliefs. This was done in the framework of causal model. The method was correlation MoreThe aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of effective conflict resolution styles on the relationship between maladaptive early schemas and irrational relationship beliefs. This was done in the framework of causal model. The method was correlation. For this reason 293 female undergraduate and postgraduate students of university of Tehran, Which were selected by random multi-stage cluster sampling, completed a Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ, 1990), The Relationship Belief Inventory (RBI, 1982) and Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory–II (ROCI-II,1983). Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling with AMOS software. Finding revealed that direct effect of early maladaptive schemas and effective conflict solving styles (integration style and compromise style) was significant on relationship beliefs (p = 0/001). Also, in the relationship between maladaptive early schemas and relationship beliefs, the effective conflict solving styles had a mediating role (p < 0/01). Therefore, therapists can reduce the impact of relationship beliefs in their clients by evaluating early maladaptive schemas and increasing the skills of effective conflict resolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Effectiveness of group counseling on conversational communication style analysis (TA) of the amount of married women marital conflict
Javad Khalatbari Razie kia kojuryDetermine the effectiveness of a conversational communication style analysis (TA) of married women marital conflict. Experimental study with pre-test, post-test control group and cluster random sampling. Therefore, all students from a sample of 300 married and marital c MoreDetermine the effectiveness of a conversational communication style analysis (TA) of married women marital conflict. Experimental study with pre-test, post-test control group and cluster random sampling. Therefore, all students from a sample of 300 married and marital conflicts were assessed by test. Of the 300 patients, 65 men and score one standard deviation above the mean Among them, 30 were identified as target group were randomly selected and were Mavrhay correlation analysis. This questionnaire of 42 questions of marital conflict (mca) Sanaei (1379) with. The results showed that: Group counseling conversational style of communication is effective in reducing marital conflict, married women (p <. /.1) Group counseling is an effective way of communicating interactively collaborate on reducing component (p <. /.1) Group counseling practices component analysis on the interactive relationships sex less effective (p <. /.1) Group counseling practices component analysis on the interactive relationships influencing emotional reactivity is increased (p <. /.1) Group counseling practices component analysis on the interactive relationship between child support from an effective increase (p <. /.1) Group counseling practices component analysis on the relationship between individual Bakhvyshavnd interactive effects (p <. /.1) Group counseling practices component analysis on the relationship between conversational finances separate effects (p <. /.1) Group counseling practices component analysis on the interactive relationships between individuals reduced the relative effect (p <. /.1) the overall result of the advisory group interactive way to analyze the relationship between marital conflict reduction. Increase collaboration; reduce emotional reactivity, sexual Afzayshrabth increase family relationship with relatives and friends wife And enhance family relationships and gain support from your family, children, and finances separate experimental group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - The predict of work-family conflict and job attachment from success dimensions among employees of Natanz Medical Hygiene Network
Manouchehr Kamkar Elham MadaniThe purpose of this study was to predict work-family conflict and job attachment from success dimensions in Natanz.181 employees were selected randomly and Thomas Landel & Kejner job attachment questionnaire, Parker & Chuzmmier success dimensions, and a research MoreThe purpose of this study was to predict work-family conflict and job attachment from success dimensions in Natanz.181 employees were selected randomly and Thomas Landel & Kejner job attachment questionnaire, Parker & Chuzmmier success dimensions, and a researcher made questionnaire were administered among them. The present study is correlation research. The results of step by step multivariate regression show that among six success dimensions only wealth and position success dimension has negative (p<0.001) and personal success dimension has positive significant predictive power (p<0.05) for prediction or work-family conflicts. Also results shows the socially help success dimension has positive significant predictive power (p<0.001), and the personal success dimension has negative significant predictive power (p<0.05) for job attachment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - The Effect of Transactional-Analysis-Group Counseling on Reducing Women’s Marital Conflict
Sahar Hayatbakhsh Abdollah Shafiabadi Bagher Sanaei ZakerThis study aimed to investigate the effect of transactional-analysis-group counseling on reducing marital conflicts in women. In this quasi-experimental study, 24 women with marital conflicts (based on the marital conflict questionnaire) who had referred to counseling c MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of transactional-analysis-group counseling on reducing marital conflicts in women. In this quasi-experimental study, 24 women with marital conflicts (based on the marital conflict questionnaire) who had referred to counseling centers in Ramsar were selected by available sampling and participated in the study. The subjects were randomly assigned in two groups of experimental and control. The subjects of the experimental group received 90 minutes of group counseling through TA during 8 sessions. The variables of cooperation, sexual relationship, emotional reaction, and family relationship with wife and friend relatives were examined by MCQ before and after the intervention. After analyzing the statistical data with covariance analysis, significant changes were observed in all variables. Based on our findings in this study, it was indicated that group counseling through TA was the effective method in reducing marital conflicts in women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - The relationship between attachment styles and child-parent conflict resolution strategies and self-efficacy with the attitudes of children toward parents
Ameneh KhalatbariThis study aims to determine the relationship between attachment styles and child-parent conflict resolution strat-egies and self-efficacy with the attitudes of children toward parents. Statistical population was of all high school students in Tonekabon city in 2015-201 MoreThis study aims to determine the relationship between attachment styles and child-parent conflict resolution strat-egies and self-efficacy with the attitudes of children toward parents. Statistical population was of all high school students in Tonekabon city in 2015-2016 who were selected as the cluster sampling method with a size of 150 samples. The research method is correlational. The results showed that:- Four variables of father’s aggression, mother’s argument, physical aggression of mother and self-efficiency of prediction power has the positive attitude of child towards father.- Four variables of father’s aggression, mother’s argument, self-efficiency and child’s aggres-sion has the prediction power of child’s positive attitude towards mother.As a result, it can be said that:For a posi-tive attitude of father, his aggression has the highest prediction power and self-efficiency has the least prediction power. However, for the positive attitude of mother, father’s aggression has the highest prediction power and child’s aggression has the least prediction power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Relation Conflict Resolution and Affective Control with Adjustment after Divorce
Tayebeh Rahmani Mohammad Ali Rahmani Alireza Jafari Fereshteh rahmaniThis study aimed to determine the Relation Conflict Resolution and Affective Control with Adjustment After Divorce.The study was descriptive and correlational. The basis of all divorced people in the city Tonekabon that crisis management divorce and were compliant; 200 MoreThis study aimed to determine the Relation Conflict Resolution and Affective Control with Adjustment After Divorce.The study was descriptive and correlational. The basis of all divorced people in the city Tonekabon that crisis management divorce and were compliant; 200 students were selected by purposive sampling method as study samples. The consistency of the questionnaire after the divorce, conflict resolution and scale questionnaire as a means of controlling perceptions about each of the sample group was used; and at the end of the collected data using multivariate regression correlation analysis was performed. Results from the analysis showed that the variable component of conflict resolution and control emotions (anger, depression, anxiety and positive affect) the compatibility significant relationship after divorce(P<0/01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - The effectiveness of Problem solving and decision making skills on affective Control of women with marital conflict
Somayeh Abolghasemi Abbas Abolghasemi Seyed Mousa Kafi Masoleh Reza Soltani ShalThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of training problem solving and decision making skills on controlling women emotion with marital conflict. We employed a semi-experimental method with a pretest and posttest design on experimental and control group MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of training problem solving and decision making skills on controlling women emotion with marital conflict. We employed a semi-experimental method with a pretest and posttest design on experimental and control groups. The population consisted of all women with marital conflict in the city of Najafabad. By using convenience sampling method, 24 women with marital conflict were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (12 members in each group). The instruments used for this study were the marital conflict questionnaire (Olson, 2011) and Affective Control Scale) William and Chambless,1997 .(The experimental group participated in 10 sessions of training problem solving and decision making skills. The Participants of both group responded to questionnaires, before and after training.The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the Problem solving and decision making skills is significantly effective on improving the positive affect and anxiety reduction of women with marital conflict of the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0. 001). It was concluded that problem solving and decision making skills training could be used as a new and effective method for affective control in women with marital conflict. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the Problem solving and decision making skills is significantly effective on improving the positive affect and anxiety reduction of women with marital conflict of the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0. 001). It was concluded that problem solving and decision making skills training could be used as a new and effective method for affective control in women with marital conflict. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the Problem solving and decision making skills is significantly effective on improving the positive affect and anxiety reduction of women with marital conflict of the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0. 001). It was concluded that problem solving and decision making skills training could be used as a new and effective method for affective control in women with marital conflict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - The study of the effectiveness of conflict resolution skills on willingness and desire to marry and its dimensions in single girls
Farshad pahlavanzade Zahra taghiyar Zhaleh refahiobjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Conflict resolution skills education on Willingness to marry in Single girls in Isfahan city. method: This study is a quasi experimental design with pretest-posttest includi Moreobjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Conflict resolution skills education on Willingness to marry in Single girls in Isfahan city. method: This study is a quasi experimental design with pretest-posttest including control group and The statistical population consisted of all single girls in the 11th district of Isfahan 40 of whom were selected as the sample of the study through the selective sampling. They were divided into two experimental and control groups. To measure the willingness to marry The questionnaire of (Heydari et al. 2004) was used. (Heydari et al., 2004) and On the experimental group, the training package on conflict resolution skills was implemented in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis. Result: The results of analysis of covariance showed that Conflict resolution skills education increase the desire to marry and also the results show that Conflict resolution skill education on the Factors had significant effect (p < 0.05) on the willingness to marry (attitudes towards marriage, preparation for marriage, thinking about the consequences of marriage and marriage obstacles) Conclusion: the findings of the present study can be used by pre-marriage counselors for giving advice and guidance for the girls the results, pre-marriage counselors can use girls for advice and guidance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Predicting marital conflicts based on early maladaptive schemas,difficulty in emotion regulation and differentiation in couples
Newsha Vaziri Atefeh Nezhadmohamad NamaghiThe aim of this study was to predict marital conflicts based on early maladaptive schemas, difficulty in emotion regulation and differentiation in couples referring to counseling centers. The research method was correlational and the statistical population of this study MoreThe aim of this study was to predict marital conflicts based on early maladaptive schemas, difficulty in emotion regulation and differentiation in couples referring to counseling centers. The research method was correlational and the statistical population of this study included couples who referred to counseling centers and 120 couples were selected using the available sampling method. The research data were collected using the revised marital conflict questionnaires MCQ-R, (2007), Young's Schema (third edition of the short form, 2005), difficulty in emotionally regulating DERS, (2004) and DSI's own differentiation (1998). The collected data was analyzed by statistical method of simultaneous and step-by-step regression analysis. The findings showed that the components of early maladaptive schemas did not have any significant effects on marital conflict. Also, among the difficult components of emotional regulation, the difficulty of controlling impulses and limited access to emotional regulation strategies, and among the components of self-differentiation, the components of my position, and cohabitation with others, predicted marital conflict predictions. According to the results, couples who are less differentiated have less flexibility, are more vulnerable to chronic marital anxiety, and are unable to use rational solutions to life's problems. The more difficult couples are to regulate their emotions and the less differentiated they are, the more prone they are to marital dissatisfaction and marital conflict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - The Effectiveness of Group Therapy of Mutual Relationship Analysis on Parent-Child Conflict of Mothers with Incompatible Scheme of Exclusion and Exclusion
Zahra Aqamirmohammadali The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group therapy of cross-sectional analysis on parent-child conflict between mothers with incompatible rejection and exclusion schemas. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest de More The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group therapy of cross-sectional analysis on parent-child conflict between mothers with incompatible rejection and exclusion schemas. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of the study included 70 mothers who referred to counseling centers and psychological services in Qom (due to having inappropriate relationships with their children) in the spring of 2018. Thirty of them were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups according to the diagnosis of incompatible rejection and cut-off scheme and purposeful sampling (inclusion and exit criteria). . Group therapy based on interaction analysis was performed on the Experimental group for 10 sessions of 90 minutes (2 sessions per week); The control group was placed on a waiting list for two months. The parent-child relationship scale was used to collect information. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that by controlling the effect of pre- There was a significant difference, between the mean post-test scores of the experimental group and the control group in the components of the parent-child relationship, including; conflict, closeness, dependence and overall positive relationship. In other words, group therapy is effective in increasing the closeness and overall positive relationship and reducing the conflict and dependence of the parent-child relationship. Overall, it can be concluded that group interaction analysis therapy can improve the parent-child relationship in mothers with early maladaptive schemas as an effective intervention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - The effectiveness of Problem solving and decision making skills on family function of women with marital conflict
Somayeh Abolghasemi Abbas AbolghasemiAppropriate family function is associated with psychological health. So improvement of this ability could be an effective way to have optimal life. Then in this way, the main objective of this research was to examine the effectiveness of Problem solving and decision mak MoreAppropriate family function is associated with psychological health. So improvement of this ability could be an effective way to have optimal life. Then in this way, the main objective of this research was to examine the effectiveness of Problem solving and decision making skills on family function of women with marital conflict. So we employed a semi-experimental method by a pretest and posttest design with experimental and control groups. The Statistical population consisted of all women with marital conflict of Najafabad city. By using convenience sampling method, 24 women with marital conflict were selected and randomly divided in two experimental and control groups (n=12). The instruments for collecting data included the Family Assessment Device (Macmaster, 1993) and marital conflict questionnaire. The experimental group received 10 sessions of intervention. The Participants of both groups responded to questionnaires, before training, and At the end end of training. The results of Multivariate Analysis of Covariance showed that the PDS is significantly effective on improving family function of women with marital conflict of the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0. 001). It was concluded that Problem solving and decision making skills training could be used as an effective methods improving of the family function family function in women with marital conflict Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Comparison of Metacognitive Beliefs, Satisfaction Feeling, Self-Efficacy and Sense of Mental coherence between Satisfaction and Conflicting women
Fariba Khani Asghar AghaeiBy identifying the factors affecting marital satisfaction, practical steps can be taken to strengthen and stabilize the family's foundations and plan to reduce injuries and problems between women. This study aimed to compare metacognitive beliefs, satisfaction, self-eff MoreBy identifying the factors affecting marital satisfaction, practical steps can be taken to strengthen and stabilize the family's foundations and plan to reduce injuries and problems between women. This study aimed to compare metacognitive beliefs, satisfaction, self-efficacy and sense of mental coherence of satisfaction women and conflicting women. The statistical population of the study included all women who referred to counseling centers in Isfahan in February 2016. Among them, 150 satisfaction and conflicted women were selected by available sampling . Data were collected using a metacognitive questionnaire, self-efficacy questionnaire, marital satisfaction questionnaire, sense of mental coherence questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA). The results showed that the difference between the mean scores of metacognitive beliefs, marital satisfaction, self-efficacy and sense of mental coherence in the two groups of women with marital conflict and teams with joy was significant (p <0.05). Marital conflicts affect women the most and affect metacognitive beliefs, feelings of satisfaction, self-efficacy and sense of mental coherence in women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - The Appropriateness Please write the initials of the words in the topic with capital letters
Atoosa Asadzadeh Mohammad Baqir Habi Mehdi Zaree bahram abadi Abdolhassan Farhangi The statistical population of this study included all married people who referred to the psychological clinics of Tehran's District 2 in the period from February 2016 to July 2017, which is at least one year after their married life. In order to sample 300 people More The statistical population of this study included all married people who referred to the psychological clinics of Tehran's District 2 in the period from February 2016 to July 2017, which is at least one year after their married life. In order to sample 300 people from the mentioned communitywere randomly selected by voluntary sampling method. marital conflict questionnaire (MCQ), personality traits inventory (NEO), and Toronto's Emotional Disappointment (TAS_20) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using statistical method of structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS_22 software. The results showed that the fit indices have desirable values and the data of this study have a good fit with the research model and also personality traits are related to the mediating role of alexithymia with marital conflicts. It can be cocluded that, that personality traits have a significant effect on alexithymia, which in turn can cause marital conflict and with the necessary training can reduce marital conflict as much as possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Effectiveness of Communication skills training on marital satisfaction and reducing marital conflicts of female students of the University of Medical Sciences
Mina Azarnik Amin Rafiepoor Mohammad Hatami Mahsa Sadat MousaviAbstractCouples' satisfaction is one of the main factors in determining the Of the mutual life and solving of marital conflict resolution, however, in relation to other effective structures, it is less considered. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness MoreAbstractCouples' satisfaction is one of the main factors in determining the Of the mutual life and solving of marital conflict resolution, however, in relation to other effective structures, it is less considered. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of communication skills training on marital satisfaction and Reducing of the marital conflict in female students of the University of Medical Sciences. The research method was quasi experimental with pre-test-post-test design including a control group . The statistical population of the study Consisted of the total number of female students of the University of Medical Sciences 25-40 years old, from which 30 women were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Pre-test, post-test and follow-up data were obtained for each participant using Inrich Marital Satisfaction and Sanaei,s Marital Conflict Questionnaires. The experimental group underwent communication skills training for ten sessions twice a week and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by Repetead measure ANOVA with SPSS software version 23, In the experimental group, the mean (standard deviation) of marital satisfaction increased from 126.20 (8.76) before the intervention to 155.60 (9.47) after the intervention and to 162.60 (9.26) in the follow-up. Follow-up increased, also in the control group, the mean (standard deviation) of women's marital satisfaction increased from 126.26 (10.64) before the intervention to 12.446 (10.89) after the intervention and to (84.8) 121/40 decreased during the follow-up(P<0.01). The difference in the experimental group in all three stages was statistically significant, except for the post-test and follow-up, which was not statistically significant (P <0.01). In the experimental group, the mean (standard deviation) of marital conflict decreased from 136.06 (5.86) before the intervention to 110.86 (6.17) after the intervention and to 102 (5) in the follow-up. Also in the control group, the mean (standard deviation) of female marital conflict from 137.33 (4.83) before the reduce to to 135.46 (4.53) after the intervention and decreased to 134.60 (6.70) in the Follow-up, which was statistically significant (P<0.01). The study showed that communication skills training could reduce marital conflict and increase the level of marital satisfaction of women in the post-test and follow-up stages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Comparison of the Effectiveness of Paradoxical Timetable Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Reducing Symptoms in Women with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Faezeh Peimanpak Mahsima Pourshahriari Abbas AbdollahiPurpose: In respect of diagnosis and therapy, generalized anxiety disorder is one of the most frequent anxiety disorders, as well as one of the most difficult and resistant. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the most frequent therapies for this disorder. The MorePurpose: In respect of diagnosis and therapy, generalized anxiety disorder is one of the most frequent anxiety disorders, as well as one of the most difficult and resistant. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the most frequent therapies for this disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of paradoxical timetable treatment and cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating women with generalized anxiety disorder.Method: In this study, the single-case experimental Was used used. The population of the present research included women with generalized anxiety disorder who referred to the Sadra Clinic and had an active case in the summer and autumn of 2021. Among these, three patients received paradoxical timetable therapy, and three patients received cognitive-behavioral therapy. The sample of this research selected through convenience sampling.Generalized anxiety disorder scale-7 items used for collecting data. Chart analysis, reliable change index, clinical significance and Improvement percentage of paradoxical time table was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software.Findings: The results showed that both paradoxical timetable treatment and cognitive-behavioral therapy were effective in reducing the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Comparing the two treatment methods according to the obtained results and comparing the percentage of paradoxical timetable treatment subjects, the improvement rate for the three subjects in this method is 71%, 79% and 71% and the recovery percentage of cognitive-behavioral therapy subjects for the three subjects is 44%, 52% and 48%, also the percentage of total improvement in paradoxical timetable treatment in three patients is on average 74% and the percentage of total improvement in cognitive-behavioral therapy in three patients is 48%. According to the findings of the study, treatment of paradoxical timetable is an acceptable and quick method to decrease the symptoms of generalized anxiety, and can be used as a recommended treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Development of a package of married life values and the effectiveness of its education on marital disputes and psychological well-being of women with marital dissatisfaction
Elaheh Sarfarazi Samaneh TababaeeThe aim of this study was to develop a package of married life values and its effectiveness on marital Disputes and psychological well-being of women with marital dissatisfaction. The research was conducted by combined method (qualitative-quantitative). After reviewing MoreThe aim of this study was to develop a package of married life values and its effectiveness on marital Disputes and psychological well-being of women with marital dissatisfaction. The research was conducted by combined method (qualitative-quantitative). After reviewing the written scientific sources, a semi-structured interview with 10 psychologists, an educational package was developed. The content validity of the package based on Lawshe index is 0.94. quantitative part of women with marital dissatisfaction in Mashhad, 30 people were selected using purposive methods and randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control groups). The research instruments included the Sanaei Marital Conflict Questionnaire (2000) and the Ryff Psychological Well being Questionnaire (1989). Based on the components extracted from scientific texts and interviews with psychologists, the developed package includes teaching the values of couples and individuals, prioritizing life values, expressing conflict of values and living in line with values, which was taught during 8 one-hour sessions. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software using analysis of covariance The results showed that educating the values of life has reduced couples' Disputesand all its dimensions except financial separation from each other and increased psychological well-being and all its dimensions in women with marital dissatisfaction (p≤0.05). As a result, psychologists and counselors can use this training package to enrich life of married women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Structural Equation Modeling for Predicting of Marital Conflicts Pattern based on McMaster Family Performance Mediation of Attitudes Toward Infidelity in Shiraz Couples
Tahereh Rezaie Naser Amini Ezat Deyreh Nazanin HonarparvaranOne of the important models in the study of family functioning is the McMaster family functioning model. The aim of this study was to To find a model of the strauctural the structural equations for predicting marital conflicts based On the Mc Master model of family perf MoreOne of the important models in the study of family functioning is the McMaster family functioning model. The aim of this study was to To find a model of the strauctural the structural equations for predicting marital conflicts based On the Mc Master model of family performance with a mediating role of the attitude of infidelity in couples in Shiraz. This study was a correlational and structural equation study in which 300 conflicting couples in Shiraz were randomly selected. Participants completed the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ), Family Assessment (FAD). Structural equation method and Pearson correlation coefficient and regression were used to analyze the findings. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between family functioning subscales with marital conflicts and attitudes toward infidelity (P <0.05).Therefore, based on the findings of this study, it can be said that apart from the effective factors of family functioning, marital conflicts and attitudes toward infidelity in couples as mediating Can be considered for the for the improvement and stability of the family system Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Explaining the mediating role of job stress in the effect of work-family conflict on the tendency of female employees to leave their jobs
Samira Hoseinzadeh Samaneh Salimi of questionnaires was obtained 0.9, 0.79, and 0.89 by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, respectively. Research data was analyzed using statistical methods of Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation model using SPSS23 and Lisrel8.8 software. The o More of questionnaires was obtained 0.9, 0.79, and 0.89 by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, respectively. Research data was analyzed using statistical methods of Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation model using SPSS23 and Lisrel8.8 software. The obtained findings from SEM showed that work-family conflict has a direct effect on the intention to leave job (0.24); work-family conflict has a direct effect on the Job stress (0.43); and Job stress have a direct effect on the intention to leave job (0.26). Moreover, the work-family conflict has an indirect effect on the intention to leave job of the female employees in the state organizations of Zahedan city through the mediation of job stress job stress (0.57). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - compare the effectiveness of mindful parenting and democratic parenting on the conflict between mothers and adolescents aged 13 to 15 years
Farahnaz Fard Shahla Pakdaman Asghar MinaeiThe aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of mindful parenting and democratic parenting on the conflict between mothers and adolescents aged 13 to 15 years. This study was experimental with pre-test-post-test and randomized follow-up in terms of appl MoreThe aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of mindful parenting and democratic parenting on the conflict between mothers and adolescents aged 13 to 15 years. This study was experimental with pre-test-post-test and randomized follow-up in terms of applied purpose and method. The statistical population included the mothers of 13 to 15 year old female students in Tehran. A total of 175 mothers were selected from a junior high school and were assessed using the Murray Strauss (1979) Conflict Scale. Fifty-four mothers with the highest conflict scores were randomly assigned to three groups of 18 after matching. The two experimental groups received eight 120-minute training sessions. Subjects were tested in three stages by the Murray Strauss (1979) Conflict Scale. The results of data analysis using SPSS software and repeated measures analysis of variance method showed that the mother-adolescent conflict scores of both experimental groups in the post-test were significantly reduced compared to the control group and were still low in the two-month follow-up (P>0/01). It was also found that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two methods on the conflict between mothers and adolescents (P<0/05) and both methods can be used to reduce mother-adolescent conflict.The results of data analysis using SPSS software and variance analysis method withRepeated measurement showed that the mother-adolescent conflict scores of both experimental groups significantly decreased in the post-test compared to the control group. And it was still low in the two-month follow-up. It was also found that there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of the two methods on the conflict between mothers and adolescents it does not exist and both methods can be used to reduce the mother-teen conflict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Comparing the effectiveness of mindfulness based compassion therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy on parent-child conflict of female headed households
Azam Rahbarian Tayebeh Sharifi Ahmad GhazanfariThe aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based compassion therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy on parent-child conflict of female headed households. The design of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and MoreThe aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based compassion therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy on parent-child conflict of female headed households. The design of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included female headed households of Shahrekord. 60 women were selected by purposive sampling and were randomly assigned in three groups in 2022. Then experimental groups were treated mindfulness-based compassion therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy for 8 sessions of 120 minutes. the Robin and Foster's Conflict Behavioral Questionnaire (20CBQ) was used to determine the effectiveness of the interventions and finally, the data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance. The finding showed that both interventions are effective in reducing the parent-child conflict score of female headed households, and Also, positive cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective in reducing parent-child conflict. According to the results of the research, these two intervention can be used along with other psychological interventions to improve the parent-child conflicts of female headed households. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - The effectiveness of psychological toughness training on sexual satisfaction and marital conflicts in couples with emotional divorce
Zahra Najafi Rozita Fagimi FarhadiAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of psychological toughness training on sexual satisfaction and marital conflicts in couples with emotional divorce. This research was a semi-experimental design. The statistical population of the MoreAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of psychological toughness training on sexual satisfaction and marital conflicts in couples with emotional divorce. This research was a semi-experimental design. The statistical population of the research was all couples applying for divorce in Tabriz city in 2022, and 30 of them were selected. In order to collect information, sexual satisfaction and marital conflicts questionnaires and psychological toughness protocol were used. The collected data were analyzed with the help of descriptive statistical methods of mean and standard deviation and inferential statistical methods of multivariate covariance analysis using SPSS software. The results showed that psychological toughness training can increase sexual satisfaction and reduce marital conflicts in couples with emotional divorce, which is significant at the P<.1 level.Keywords: psychological toughness, sexual satisfaction, marital conflicts, emotional divorceKeywords: psychological toughness, sexual satisfaction, marital conflicts, emotional divorceKeywords: psychological toughness, sexual satisfaction, marital conflicts, emotional divorce Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - The role of Alexithymia in marital conflicts in women who apply for divorce in Tehran
Faezeh Moayed Sima Haji Ali Akbari Mehrizi Mohammad Bagher HobbiThe present research aimed to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and alexithymia, and marital conflicts in women who apply for divorce in Tehran The research method was a descriptive- correlation oneThe research population consisted of women MoreThe present research aimed to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and alexithymia, and marital conflicts in women who apply for divorce in Tehran The research method was a descriptive- correlation oneThe research population consisted of women who were applying for divorce reffered to family Court in district 3 of Tehran in 2018, out of which 200 women were selected as the research sample using purposeful sampling method. They completed Locke Wallace Marital Adjustment Scale (1959) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (1986). The results of correlation and regression analysis demonstrated that there was negatively a significant relationship between scores of marital conflicts and scores of alexithymia. In other words as alexithymia increased the marital conflicts decreased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - The effectiveness of Lane Clark parenting training on reducing parent-child conflict and girls' anxiety
Hasan Gharibi Hiva Mahmoodi Kamel Abdollah NezhadThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of parenting skills training girls based on the method of Lynn Clark's method in the reduction of parent-child conflict and anxiety in middle school. The method of this research was semi-experimental with pre-test an MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of parenting skills training girls based on the method of Lynn Clark's method in the reduction of parent-child conflict and anxiety in middle school. The method of this research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female students in the city of Ghorveh during the academic year of 1997-1996 (1225), which 50 students were randomly selected using cluster random sampling in two groups of 25 test and control groups. At first, a parent-child conflict and anxiety pre-test was performed from both groups. Then, the parents of the experimental group received 8 parenting education sessions based on Lynn Clark's method. After teaching parenting skills, a post-test was performed from the experimental and control groups. The data were collected through the cattle anxiety inventory questionnaire and parent-child conflict questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multi-path covariance analysis. The findings showed that parenting education skills influenced by Lynn Clark's approach to reducing parent-child conflict and anxiety in middle school girls. So we can used teach parenting skills to parents as a way to improve their relationships with their children and improve educational. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Explaining the concept of social happiness in public spaces Case Study: Tabriz city
Sevda Mohammadi Delband Arash. Saghafi Asl. Dariush Sattarzadeh Mahsa Faramarzi AslGrowth, vitality and mental vitality of man has always been the focus of researchers and scholars due to the significant effect it has on all aspects of human personality and how different behaviors appear in him. Today's citizens of the cities of the world do not feel MoreGrowth, vitality and mental vitality of man has always been the focus of researchers and scholars due to the significant effect it has on all aspects of human personality and how different behaviors appear in him. Today's citizens of the cities of the world do not feel happy despite having urban amenities and facilities, and the aggravation of social anomalies is the product of adverse environmental conditions, spatial disorder and psychological pressures caused by the improper design of urban spaces. In order to achieve a favorable, healthy and happy atmosphere in cities, we need to observe certain principles and standards in the design of cities to achieve a happy city. This research is based on a quantitative method and aims to explain the concept of social happiness in urban public spaces. In order to meet this goal, it was emphasized in the theoretical foundations section that in general, happiness and urban public spaces affect each other. The research findings indicate that based on the results obtained from statistical studies, all the conceptual variables of the research, including the dimensions of the quality of urban public spaces, physical-ecological dimensions, perceptual-semantic dimensions, cultural-economic dimensions, social dimensions, and mental dimensions, political-management dimensions, individual-personality dimensions have a significant relationship with the concept of social happiness and vitality. From the point of view of the citizens, the quality of the urban space is the most important dimension, which has a more important role in promoting the happiness and social vitality of the citizens and plays the most impact on the happiness of the citizens, and should be prioritized in planning related to urban space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Analysis of high-risk behavior experience among youths with emphasis on parent-child conflict
Sepideh Nasiri Ne,mat Sotodeh Ali asghar Firouzjaeian faezeh jahanHigh risk behaviors among youths are current social harms in today's societies.so studying of its effective factors is too crucial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adolescent conflict with family on high-risk behaviors among high school studen MoreHigh risk behaviors among youths are current social harms in today's societies.so studying of its effective factors is too crucial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adolescent conflict with family on high-risk behaviors among high school students.it was don with survey method. Data were obtained using a researcher-made questionnaire on high-risk behavior, parent-child conflict scale (Robin and Foster, 1989) from 385 students with the cluster random sampling method. findings indicated meaningful and positive correlation between adolescent conflict with family (conflict with mother and father) and experience of student risky behavior. Test of theoretical model show that effect of conflict with family on risky behavior is positive and meaningful (Beta=-0.37). also, model is fit).).so the more parent -child conflict, more high risky behavior among youths.it is so important to enhance self- treating skills among students and family social skill to prevent risky behavior among youths. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Me-analysis of the studies conducted about collective conflicts
Samad Abedini Jafar Ebrahimi Parvin GolizadeConflict in the society is a type of damage which disrupts social relations and creates a space filled with hatred and enmity among people. This will pave the ground for future conflicts and tensions and damage the society materially and spiritually. The present meta-an MoreConflict in the society is a type of damage which disrupts social relations and creates a space filled with hatred and enmity among people. This will pave the ground for future conflicts and tensions and damage the society materially and spiritually. The present meta-analysis is an attempt to reanalyze a series of pathological studies in the field of affecting factors in collective conflict. This study is a meta-analysis and correlative, and the method of the study is descriptive. Seven conducted studies about collective conflict have been used in this study. Study of the primary sources on the subject, is the main tool of gathering information in this study. After changing the variables and estimating the effect size, Hedges method was used. The effect sizes have interpreted on the base of Cohen's study (1977). Findings of the study show that the effect of age, gender, socio-economic situation and different factors such as (aggression, deprivation, anomie, cultural differences, property disputes, ethnic and tribal belongings) and education are different in tending to collective conflict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Evaluation of job and family-work conflict among employed women in governmental institutions of Tabriz
Pari Fathipour Samad Rasoulzadeh AghdamThe aim of this study was to investigate the job and family-work conflict among employed women in governmental institutions of Tabriz. The study population consisted of all married women employed in state institutions of Tabriz. The sample size determined by Cochran for MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the job and family-work conflict among employed women in governmental institutions of Tabriz. The study population consisted of all married women employed in state institutions of Tabriz. The sample size determined by Cochran formula was 278 and the sampling method used to find respondents was Simple Random method. Measurement tool was Carlson’s et al (2000) multi-dimensional 18-points Questionnaire of work-family conflict. The data were analyzed by spss19 using Pearson correlation and analysis of variances to test hypothesis. Research results indicate that, total work-family conflict is different due to job type and education of respondents. The average of total work-family conflict between service jobs and under bachelor’s degree is higher than the other respondents. The correlation between work-family conflict and job experience is not significant. On the other hand the correlation between work-family conflict and income is reverse and significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Explaining School principals’ conflict management based on their job burnout and stress in Khoy and Chaypareh
Behnam Talebi Ahad khalilzadehThe aim of this study was to explain school principals’ conflict management based on their job burnout and stress. The study population included all school principals in Chaypareh and Khoy in the academic year of 1395-1394 and the sample size was 173 people that w MoreThe aim of this study was to explain school principals’ conflict management based on their job burnout and stress. The study population included all school principals in Chaypareh and Khoy in the academic year of 1395-1394 and the sample size was 173 people that were selected by stratified random sampling method. To gather the data questionnaires of Rabin’s conflict management and Meselch’s job stress and burnout were used. Correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results indicate that based on principals’ job stress, conflict management style can predict co-operation, avoidance and compromise. But because the amount of F obtained for conflict management style of competition (0/07) is not statistically significant (P≥0 / 05); it cannot be predicted based on principals’ job stress. Beta coefficient indicates that, per unit increase in stress management, conflict management style of cooperation decreases at 33 percent, avoided style increases at 28 percent; concession style decreases at 34 percent and compromise style decreases at 47 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Principles, conflict, disturbance and interference wife's financial rights
محمود رایگان abbas kalantari sajjad nikkhooPrinciples of law are widely used by judges and scholars to infer jurisprudence and legal issues and to resolve legal problems. Some of the conflicts in jurisprudence and law can be identified and resolved through the principles of law. Examples of laws that help resolv MorePrinciples of law are widely used by judges and scholars to infer jurisprudence and legal issues and to resolve legal problems. Some of the conflicts in jurisprudence and law can be identified and resolved through the principles of law. Examples of laws that help resolve legal and legal issues that need to be reviewed include laws relating to a woman's financial rights, such as dowry, alimony, proverbial, asset-allocation requirement, lease and dowry. Apparently, some of these rights are in conflict with one another, which can be applied to legislate and imply a conflict of principles and, in terms of the meaning of the condition, the interference of the couple and the likelihood and obligation of the couple. They checked with Bob Burrows. The present article has analyzed analytically the financial rights of the wife and has found that in some cases there should be a commonality between the conflicts of law, and finally the payment of dowry and interest to the married couple is certain, but in the case of the proverb, divination and the condition of division. Each is enough of the other and a review of these materials is necessary given the drawbacks of the half-asset condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Manifestations of the conflict of qassama with the principle of innocence in the islamic law and the feasibility of adjusting the guarantee of its implementation in the light of scientific and jurisprudential evidence.
valiollah ansari soleyman jadidi saray kiyoumars DarnaklaCompurgation is one of the ways of proving of crime or presumption of innocence that is referred in the case of realization of contamination or lack of other evidence. Strong suspicion contamination is obtained for the judge (court) regarding the truth of the claimant's MoreCompurgation is one of the ways of proving of crime or presumption of innocence that is referred in the case of realization of contamination or lack of other evidence. Strong suspicion contamination is obtained for the judge (court) regarding the truth of the claimant's claim. Compurgation decree is not mentioned in Holy Quran and it is based on the narrations and hadiths and its philosophy in Islam is protecting the people blood and maintaining public discipline for prevention of murdering and blood loss. The majority of Imami and public jurists believe that compurgation is establishment decree in Islam. There are different opinions among jurisprudents on the scope of inclusion and it's proving power so that Imami jurists believe in compurgation as the reason for proving crime (intentional or non-intentional) or crime on organs for presumption of retribution or blood money or innocence of the criminal. On the other hand, the presumption of innocent is one of the fundamental principles of Islam and common law that according to it, innocent of the criminal is assumed and the accused has no duty to provide reason for proving being innocent and the judge shall prove the reasons for accusations without any reasonable doubts. Regarding compurgation that its prerequisite is contamination, there manifestations of conflicts in some features of compurgation in Islamic jurisprudent and punishment law such as manner of proving compurgation and the origin of it, proving contamination and manner of proving the kinship and etc. with presumption of innocence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - The Role of Qassem Soleimani's "Proxy Resistance" Strategy in the Withdrawal of Military Forces America from the Region
Morteza Mahmoudvand Kayhan Barzgar Ibrahim MottaghiThis article investigates that how the “proxy resistance” strategy of Major General Qasem Soleimani has led to the weakening of the U.S. oriented political-security trends, ultimately providing the grounds for the gradual withdrawal of U.S. military forces f MoreThis article investigates that how the “proxy resistance” strategy of Major General Qasem Soleimani has led to the weakening of the U.S. oriented political-security trends, ultimately providing the grounds for the gradual withdrawal of U.S. military forces from the areas of the axis of resistance. The hypothesis of this article is that with creation of a network of Iran’s friendly militia forces in the region and their overt and covert operations against the U.S. traditional hegemonic trend, commander Soleimani was able to heighten the costs of the direct presence American forces on the grounds in the West Asia region. Indeed, the U.S. inability to manage the regional crises in the post-conflict situation and its failure in the designated state-building projects has caused the weakening of U.S. role in the crises field of the region. This geopolitical development, has led to the inefficacy of the U.S. traditional role and influence over regional political groups in forming and continuing coalitional governments, subsequently providing the opportunity for opposing with the U.S. military presence in the host countries. To examine this hypothesis, the authors apply the defensive realism theory that considers the countries’ reaction to the threat in time of crisis based on increasing their relative security. The authors use historical-analytical method to conduct this research. Field and qualitative observations have also impacted the degree of authors’ understanding of this concept. In the end, this article concludes that the proxy resistance strategy of general Soleimani has weakened the position of the U.S. in world politics and before its regional allies, and this development has enhanced the regionalism trend in the West Asia region in favor of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Conflict and Cooperation in the Relation between Iran and Turkey after Cold War, 1989-2008
صمد قائم پناهIt is aimed in this article to answer this question as to why the relation between Iran and Turkey has been both conflictual and cooperative and this relation has never been very friendly and evolutionary .Findings in this research show that the Iran-Turkey relations wi MoreIt is aimed in this article to answer this question as to why the relation between Iran and Turkey has been both conflictual and cooperative and this relation has never been very friendly and evolutionary .Findings in this research show that the Iran-Turkey relations within the years of 1989-2008 has been strongly influenced by three factors of ideology, Iran-Iraq war, the regional and international geopolitical changes. The impact of these factors on the Iran-turkey relationship is what to be considered in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Foundations of Conflict of Interest in the Policy and Structure of Higher Education in Iran after the Islamic Revolution
alireza hamzeh siah bill Mojtaba moazzaim Ismail Kavousi Rashid Zolfgari Zafarani Analysis and understanding of conflict of interest in the policy and structure of higher education of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the focus on the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology as one of the 19 ministries of the Iranian government and r More Analysis and understanding of conflict of interest in the policy and structure of higher education of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the focus on the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology as one of the 19 ministries of the Iranian government and responsible for integrating administrative affairs, policy, science, research and technology Is possible. The Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, as a super-organization, has diverse departments in the field of decision-making and implementation, which include situations of conflict of interest. In the present descriptive-analytical research and in response to the foundations of conflict of interest in the structure of higher education in the Islamic Republic of Iran, it is hypothesized that conflict of interest in the field of higher education in Iran is often the result of rules and regulations that govern university members and faculty. The results and findings of the present study emphasize that conflicts of interest in the field of higher education can reduce the quality of education, create all kinds of scientific frauds and make issues such as money and income superior to knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Goodwill, right of business and profession and its position in the topic of endowment
Zahra Aleeshagh KHoeyni Maryam Mehdipor KHeradmardi Zahra Sadat MirhashemiThe right of goodwill and the right of business and occupation are both of the accrued rights, and while they have similarities, they are different from each other. Goodwill is an amount that the owner takes from the tenant at the beginning of the lease, apart from the MoreThe right of goodwill and the right of business and occupation are both of the accrued rights, and while they have similarities, they are different from each other. Goodwill is an amount that the owner takes from the tenant at the beginning of the lease, apart from the leased property, in order to rent and transfer the place to him, but the right to earn or trade or profession is a right that is created as a result of economic prosperity in the place and due to the activity of the tenant. comes. In some cases of endowment of commercial properties, there is a conflict between the two mentioned rights and endowment rights, which has many consequences in practice. If the commercial property is leased with the right of goodwill or the right of occupation is assigned to it, with the passage of time, there will be practically no benefits to spend for the purpose of endowment. On the other hand, the laws have recognized both the right of goodwill and the right of business and profession. Based on this, in case of stopping the lease or selling the endowment property or changing its use or any action that causes the loss of the provisions of the original contract, if the tenant has not violated the provisions of the law and the original contract, there is no right to ignore these acquired rights. However, if the tenant's violation is confirmed, or if the tenant has closed the leased property during the lease period, he will not have the right to trade, because basically, the tenant has no right to qualify for the privileges of commercial premises. Regarding the endowment rights, the laws and consensus of jurists show that there are two solutions in the above conditions: 1- Changing the use and revitalizing the endowment, 2- Ending the endowment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - The conflict and justification of the reversal of the burden of proof in money laundering with the principles and rules of jurisprudence
abolfazl alishahi Mahdiyah MaaliMoney laundering means legalizing the origin of dirty money, among new crimes that the legislator has more sensitively approved due to its specific characteristics and apparent conflict with some jurisprudential foundations and documents. Also, its jurisprudential docum MoreMoney laundering means legalizing the origin of dirty money, among new crimes that the legislator has more sensitively approved due to its specific characteristics and apparent conflict with some jurisprudential foundations and documents. Also, its jurisprudential documentation is not well clarified and at the first glance, it seems to be in conflict with some jurisprudential principles and rules among which is the burden of proof process. In criminal lawsuits, the prosecuting attorney basically proves the cause, and based on this, one is obliged to prove the elements of the alleged crime. But this issue is reversed in the crime of money laundering and the burden of proving the legality of the obtained money is placed on the accused. Therefore, apparently, the process of prosecution, trial, and proof of a crime is in conflict with such fundamental rules as the rule of "Al-Bina Ala Al-Mada'i", the rule of "Yad", the principle of "quietus" and the principle of "authenticity". In this regard, the text of the amendment of the Anti-Money Laundering Law approved in 2017 states that the legislator has paid attention to this point, and in notes 1 and 3 of article 2 of this law, he considers the meaning of knowledge to be the same as the knowledge of a judge as stated in the Islamic Penal Code. Therefore, if the meaning of suspicion is close to judge knowledge in this law, relying on the evidence of the authority of the judge's knowledge, the crime can be easily proven, and the issue of reversal of the burden of proof is eliminated. And, if a problem is stated that the strength of the evidence of suspicion is close to the knowledge, it does not reach the level of knowledge of a judge. Here, with the objectivity of suspicion and the incompleteness of its evidence, the mentioned conflict will be created, which must be resolved. The leading research with jurisprudential and principled approach and with descriptive-analytical method has expressed and resolved the mentioned conflicts and finally, the non-conflict of these rules has been concluded. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Conflict of Custom with Verses and Jurisprudential Quotations and Solutions
fatemeh ghodratiThe intervention of perceiving custom in commands inference is a clear and definite issue; however, limit of this intervention in practice has always been a vague subject of jurisprudential arguments; especially when custom judgment comes into conflict in distinguishing MoreThe intervention of perceiving custom in commands inference is a clear and definite issue; however, limit of this intervention in practice has always been a vague subject of jurisprudential arguments; especially when custom judgment comes into conflict in distinguishing the concepts of the verses and quotations and the purpose of legislator on combining the verbal arguments with the initial wordings of verses and quotations; or when the decision of custom in conformity of concepts on the attributes, generalizing and restriction of the evidence context do not comply with the texts; in which case, the ambiguity has more manifestations. In this research that is made by an analytical-descriptive method in view of the definitions of Imamieh Jurisprudence in the range of application and practice of custom, eight cases of potential conflicts with jurisprudential verses and narrations have been identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Resolving the Conflict between the Husband's Domination over the Wife and Her Privacy
Ramezan Ali Shabani Abedin MomeniIn ordinary life, according to some jurisprudential views, the idea arose for Muslims that in social life, the practice of family life is practically based on the absolute domination of the husband over the wife. On the other hand, based on the re-examination of jurispr MoreIn ordinary life, according to some jurisprudential views, the idea arose for Muslims that in social life, the practice of family life is practically based on the absolute domination of the husband over the wife. On the other hand, based on the re-examination of jurisprudential documents and the principles of the relationship between husband and wife, and by accepting private property; the independence of each spouse is preferable to each other in terms of life, property and honor in married life. Therefore, the domination of the husband is to the extent of the right of marriage; that is, obedience and good companionship. On the other hand, the wife dominates the husband in terms of receiving dowry and alimony, which is a reciprocal and just domination, thus proving the equality of the husband and wife. With this description, the two notions of husband domination and wife privacy are in conflict. What is the solution? Is it possible to give privacy to a woman, despite the jurisprudential arguments for the husband to dominate the wife? Since the conflict has a primitive aspect, it can be resolved through customary collecting and through Hukoma (supremacy). According to the principle of non-guardianship every human being has independence in life, property, honor, the privacy of the wife rules and limits it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Testimony and its conflict with the presumption juris tantum (judge science) from the point of view of jurisprudence and law
Aboulfazl Alishahi GHalehgoghi Alireza Mollashahi mansor gharibpoorTestimony is definitive information about a mandatory right for the benefit of a third party, which occurs from a third party. According to some legal articles (161 and 162 Islamic Penal Code), the proof is subject to Shari'a and legal conditions. On the other hand, acc MoreTestimony is definitive information about a mandatory right for the benefit of a third party, which occurs from a third party. According to some legal articles (161 and 162 Islamic Penal Code), the proof is subject to Shari'a and legal conditions. On the other hand, according to Article 241 B.C., the value and effect of testimony are assigned to the court's opinion. In a vague way, it may mean that when the testimony conflicts with other evidence, it is up to the court to determine its value and effect. In contrast to this legal and Shariah presumption juris tantum, the judicial emirate is the situation that leads to the knowledge of the judge and is obtained from three sources: Judges' suspicions, customs and social habits, evidence and circumstances... and at the discretion of the judge and if this evidence creates confidence and inner belief for the judge, it is considered as judicial evidence and can be considered as a document of the court's decision. In this research, with the analytical and descriptive method, using library sources, the problem has been addressed that in the position of conflict between testimony with Shari'a and legal conditions and the knowledge of the judge due to the judicial emirate, what is the solution and which one is the priority? The answer, while examining the legal status and evidentiary value of each one, as well as analyzing the relevant legal materials, with an extensive examination of the nature of the judge's knowledge and the evidence of its validity and its evidentiary value in evidence, it has been argued on the precedence of the judicial decree resulting from the judge's knowledge over the certificate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Inference of Religious Laws, and Prove of Criminal Proceeding in Conflict of Evidences: Commons and Differences
Omid Motaghi Ardakani Abolhassan Mojtahed SoleymaniIran's legislator, in 2013, for the first time provided the "conflict of evidences in prove of criminal proceeding" in some articles of Islamic Penal Code. In this respect without mention of occurrence terms, some cases of conflicts of evidences are mentioned, and MoreIran's legislator, in 2013, for the first time provided the "conflict of evidences in prove of criminal proceeding" in some articles of Islamic Penal Code. In this respect without mention of occurrence terms, some cases of conflicts of evidences are mentioned, and some measures are provided. Although this matter is applicable as the first step to formalization of this conflict, whether in occurrence term or transitional solutions, it depends on jurisprudential-legal notions about conflict of proofs of inference as the root of conflict principles. So, this research in a descriptive-analytical manner seeks to study these point of views, and their convergence or divergence against conflicts of evidences of substantiation of claim. The findings shows that required terms of this conflict, whether for inference of religious laws or on evidences of substantiation of claims are the same; however solutions need more consideration in proof of criminal claim than procedure of inference of religious laws. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - The Presenting Causal Predictive Model of Academic Resilience Based on the External Locus of Control (with an Intermediate Academic Conflict): Application of Path Analysis
Mahdi Yousefvand ezatolah ghadampour Masoud Sadeghi Simin golamrezaeiThe present study was aimed to explain the causal relationship between academic conflict, external locus of control and academic resilience. Participants included 400 students from Lorestan University in the academic year of 2017-18, selected by simple random sampling m MoreThe present study was aimed to explain the causal relationship between academic conflict, external locus of control and academic resilience. Participants included 400 students from Lorestan University in the academic year of 2017-18, selected by simple random sampling method. In order to measure the variables of the research academic resilience, external locus of control and academic conflict questionnaires were used. To evaluate the proposed model, AMOS software and path analysis method were used. The findings showed that, according to the values of the indices, the data are fitted with the research model; the external locus of control, academic conflict, problem-oriented and positivist, skill of communication and future orientation Variable are positively predictive; academic conflict variable can positively affect the problem-orientation, communication skills and future orientation; Significant predictive value; external locus of control through academic conflict significantly predicts all aspects of academic resilience. Therefore, according to the results, it is obvious that increasing the tendency towards the external locus of control and consequently increasing the level of academic conflict will increase the problem-oriented and positivist level, communication skills and future orientation in the students Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - A study of the relationship between organizational intelligence with conflict management between manager and teachers in public schools of Maragheh city (2010-2011)
Majid Bagerzadeh Vahid Rashedi Alireza BafandehThis study was conducted to determine the relationship between organizational intelligence with conflict management. The research method was correlation and applied research. The statistical population was managers and teachers of public high and guidance schools Maragh MoreThis study was conducted to determine the relationship between organizational intelligence with conflict management. The research method was correlation and applied research. The statistical population was managers and teachers of public high and guidance schools Maragheh city. It included 88 managers, using Cochran’s Formula 44 managers and 256 teachers were chosen through ratio stratified sampling method. Research tools included organizational intelligence questionnaire (Albrecht, 2003) and Robbins conflict management, who had supported the formal validity and reliability using cronbach’s alpha, coefficient, was about 0.89 and 0.83. Pearson analysis showed that between two variables, organizational intelligence and solution- oriented strategy in conflict management, there is a significant relationship, but the correlation between organizational intelligence with avoidance and control strategies of conflict management, there was no significant relationship. T-test results showed that between manager and teacher in conflict management strategy there was a significant difference, and managers were more solution- oriented than the teacher. In contrast, teachers tend to use avoidance strategy. This difference was also significant in terms of gender, as women were more solution- oriented than men. Also, between managers and teachers there was no significant difference in organizational intelligence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - The Effectiveness of Occupational Development based on Super’s Growth Theory on Reducing Students Work-Family Conflicts and Job Burnout
Ahad Ahangar Anzabi Mahdi Zarea Bahram Abadi Abdollah Shafia AbadiThis research was an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of occupational development on reducing reciprocal work-family conflict and job burnout based on Super’s growth theory among working and married postgraduate students at Islamic Azad University of Shabesta MoreThis research was an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of occupational development on reducing reciprocal work-family conflict and job burnout based on Super’s growth theory among working and married postgraduate students at Islamic Azad University of Shabestar. This quasi-experimental research had a pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study inclouded all working married students, from among whom 60 were selected through convinence sampling, who were then randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups, each with 30 students. The instruments used included Carlson's work-family conflict questionner and Massac's Burnout Inventory. The results showed that occupational development program was effective in reducing emotional atrophy and enhancing personal performance but did not show any significant effect on reducing depersonalization. Regarding work-family conflict, the treatment was helpful in reducing conflicts based on time and power exhaustion, but did not show any significant effect on reducing conflicts based on behavior. Moreover, regarding work-family conflicts, it showed significant effect on conflicts not only based on time, but also based on behavior and power exhaustion. Finally, comparing different effects of occupational develop program on male and female students, the researchers found that there was no significant difference in reducing emotional atrophy, depersonalization and enhancing personal performance. As regards work-family conflict, no significant difference was observed in reducing time-based, behavior-based, and power- exhaustion based conflicts among men and women. Thus, it was concluded that work-family conflicts and job burnout are among the major familial and organizational problems. Therefore empowerment such as occupational development programs are required more than ever. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - The relationship between family function and parent –adolescents conflict with academic achievement among secondary school students
Mohammad Ghamari Mojtaba Amiri Majd Ami Hossein KhoshnamThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between family functioning and parent – adolescent conflict with academic achievement among secondary school students. The study had a correlational research design. Using cluster sampling, the researches rando MoreThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between family functioning and parent – adolescent conflict with academic achievement among secondary school students. The study had a correlational research design. Using cluster sampling, the researches randomly selected 309 secondary school students in Abhar. The data were collected through Family Assessment Device (F A D), a scale of measuring attitudes toward parents, and students GPAs. The collected data were analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis, and the research hypotheses were tested. The results indicated that there was a reverse relationship between dysfunction in families and academic achievement. The regression analysis showed that about 13 percent of the change in students` academic achievement can be explained by dysfunction in families and parent – adolescent conflict. The study could have implications for education professionals and families. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Predicting the Quality of Female Teachers’ Work Life based on Work-Family Conflict and Organizational
rahmkhoda javadi Mohsen Rasouli Ali Mohammad Nazari Jafar HassaniThe purpose of the current study was to predict the quality of female teachers’ work life based on work-family conflict and organizational commitment. The population of the study included all married female teachers who were teaching in primary, first and second g MoreThe purpose of the current study was to predict the quality of female teachers’ work life based on work-family conflict and organizational commitment. The population of the study included all married female teachers who were teaching in primary, first and second grade high schools during the academic year 1393-1394, among whom 128 teachers were selected through multistage stratified random sampling as the sample of the study. The design of the study was descriptive-correlational and the instruments included the questionnaires of quality of work life (Walton, 1973), work-family conflict (Rastegar Khaled, 1385), and organizational commitment (Allen & Meyer, 1990). The research data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. The results revealed that there was a meaningful relation between the indices of work-family conflict and organizational commitment with dimensions of the quality of work life. Also, there was a negative significant relationship (P≤0.05) between work-family conflict (interference of work role with family role, subscales of family and work role interface, and overload of family role and overload of work role) and dimensions of the quality of work life. Moreover, there was a positive significant relationship between organizational commitments (affective continuance and normative commitment) and dimensions of the quality of work life (P≤0.05). Additionally, the stepwise regression analysis showed that the “interference of work role with family role” together with “normative commitment” and “interference of family role with work role” can predict the total score of the quality of work life (P≤0.05). It can be concluded that the indices of work-family conflict and organizational commitment can predict dimensions of the quality of work life Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - The relationship between transformational, transactional and laissez– faire leadership with high schools manager's conflict management in Esfahan.
Fariba Karimi Lida SheshpariThe purpose of the current research was to consider the relationship between leadership styles with high schools manager's conflict management in Esfahan in 2010-2011. The research method was descriptive correlation. The statistical population was 141 people. The method MoreThe purpose of the current research was to consider the relationship between leadership styles with high schools manager's conflict management in Esfahan in 2010-2011. The research method was descriptive correlation. The statistical population was 141 people. The method of sampling was simple random sampling. Using the Morgan's table the sample size was 102 people. Two standard Bass & Avolio leadership styles questionnaires Putnam and Wilson's conflict management questionnaire were use. Face and content validity questionnaires were confirmed by experts. The reliability of the questionnaires was of the calculated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were respectively 0.84 and 0.85. The descriptive statistic and inferential statistic (Pearson's correlation Pearson's, step by step regression and t with two independent groups) were used data analysis. The results of research showed that correlation coefficient was meaningful between transformational and transactional leadership style with solution– oriented strategy. laissez– faire leadership style with control and non– intervention strategy .But it wasn't observed a meaningful relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles and control and non– intervention strategy, laissez– faire leadership style with solution– oriented strategy. The results also showed that transformational and Transactional leadership styles have been meaningful in terms of sex but there wasn't a meaningful difference in education between groups. Meaningful difference wasn't observed in terms of sex and education in laissez– faire leadership style between groups. In addition, the results showed that there was meaningful difference in terms of sex in control strategy between groups but it wasn't observed meaningful difference in terms of sex and education in non – intervention and solution oriented strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - The Role of Psychic Capital in Work-Family Conflict and Organizational Performance: The Case of Real Estate Registration Office in Mashhad
zahra aminafshar Abolfazl kazazi Mohsen HooshangiOrganizations whose performance is being rapidly improved are considered one of the most prominent features of today's societies. The most important asset in any organization is attention to human resources which is considered to be a competitive advantage in successful MoreOrganizations whose performance is being rapidly improved are considered one of the most prominent features of today's societies. The most important asset in any organization is attention to human resources which is considered to be a competitive advantage in successful organizations since it can impact the success of the organizational performance, promote psychic capital and reduce organization-family conflicts. This field study set out to investigate the impact of psychic capital on work-family conflict and organizational performance. The research data were collected by administering a standardized questionnaire to a stratified random sample of 138 managers and employees at Real Estate Registration Office in Mashhad. The sample size was determined based on Morgans’ Table. The collected data were analyzed via Structural Equation Modeling, Partial Least Squares techniques and Smart-PLS software. The findings indicated significant impacts from most of variables. Hypotheses 1, 2, 4, 6 & 8 verified negative impacts and hypotheses 5 & 7 verified positive impacts. That is to say, the employees’ psychic capital was found to improve organizational citizenship behavior. The same variable, however, negatively impacted work-family conflict; that is, employees’ rich psychic capital and the support they received from the organization could reduce work-family conflict. Moreover, the intention to quit one’s job was also found to have a negative impact on organizational performance. In other words, the higher the intention to quit, the lower the organizational performance which is directly influenced by the employees. The findings can assist managers to realign their planning towards improved and motivated human resource. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - The relationship between conflict management styles with human resource productivity in Sina Bank.
Mirali Seyednaghavi Vajhollah Ghorbanizadeh Aghil Ghorbani pajiThis paper is considering the relationship between conflict management styles with human resource productivity in Sina Bank. The statistical population using Cochranʼ formula was 85 people in Sina Bank staff in Tehran. The sampling method was purposive non-probability. MoreThis paper is considering the relationship between conflict management styles with human resource productivity in Sina Bank. The statistical population using Cochranʼ formula was 85 people in Sina Bank staff in Tehran. The sampling method was purposive non-probability. The research method was correlational and applied one. The conflict management styles were measured by Daria and Prause (2015) questionnaire and human resource productivity was measured through Taylor & Brient questionnaire (2013). The validity and reliability of the research tools were measured by factors loading coefficient, Cronbach's (a), composite reliability, convergent and divergent validity. The data were analyzed through the SPSS and smart-PLS software. The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between conflict management styles and human resource productivity in Sina Bank. The results of minor hypotheses also showed that there was a significant positive relationship between integrating, dominating and compromising with productivity, but there was not positive relationship between avoidance and obliging with productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - The Effect of Aggregated Impacts of Productivity Variables in Customer-contact Employees on Customers Perceived Service Quality (Case: Private Banks in Khuzestan Province)
Nemat Allah Joola Mansour Samadi Rahim Chini pardazIn this investigation, some of the variables effective on the productivity ofcustomer-contact employees affecting customer perception of perceived servicequality as well as the relations among the responses have been tested in the formof a conceptual model. In other wor MoreIn this investigation, some of the variables effective on the productivity ofcustomer-contact employees affecting customer perception of perceived servicequality as well as the relations among the responses have been tested in the formof a conceptual model. In other words, the role of three major personalcharacteristics of employees ( self-efficacy, adaptability and job satisfaction), asa bridge between the employee's job characteristics (role conflict and roleambiguity) and customer perceived service quality have been investigated.Inorder to collect data through using census, the relevant questionnaires weredistributed among the members of the first statistical population ( the employeesof private banks in Khuzestan Province totaling 94 people). In this way, 94customer questionnaires were specialized to the banks by stratified sampling ;then, the bank questionnaires were distributed among their customers by randomsampling .The results of the structural equations analysis indicated that with dueattention to obtained goodness of fit index, the supposed model has been welldesigned.With due attention to the coefficients obtained from the model test, the12 suggested hypotheses can be accepted or rejected. As predicted, employee'sself-efficacy and job satisfaction have a positive structural effect on customerperceived service quality. Employee's self-efficacy positively affects employee'sadaptability with the customer. Contrary to all expectations, the results indicatedthat employee's adaptability negatively influences customer perceived servicequality. And as predicted, it was proved that the employee’s role conflict androle ambiguity have a negative structural effect on employee's adaptability andself-efficacy. Also, employee's role conflict positively affects employee’s roleambiguity. Finally, the results indicated that employee’s role ambiguity has alimited positive effect on employee's job satisfaction. It is worthy of mentionthat because the relevant coefficients were too small, it is difficult to make acomment on employee's role conflict and self efficacy effects on jobsatisfaction Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - The Analysis of Relationship between Conflicting Management Styles and the Personnel Preativity in the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz
Soleyman Iranzadeh Gader Zemestani Mehdi Pakdel Bonab Sadegh Babaye heraviThis study tries to investigate the relationship between Conflicting Management Styles and the Personnel Preativity in the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in the year 2012. It takes a descriptive and cooperative method of analysis aiming at the applicable aspects. The MoreThis study tries to investigate the relationship between Conflicting Management Styles and the Personnel Preativity in the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in the year 2012. It takes a descriptive and cooperative method of analysis aiming at the applicable aspects. The population of the present study includes administrators of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, namely, faculty adminstrators, vice presidents and the heads of educational boards. This population covers 32 members of the mentioned adminstrators and 699 personnel of the university. The sampling method of the study for adminstrators is all-enclusive [32] while covering a number of 248 random personnels. The tools for the data analysis includes 2 standard and authentic questionnairs for conflicting management. The conflicting management questinnaire contains 30 questions to identify Conflicting Management Styles of the these adminstrators (competing style, accomodating style, avoiding style, cooperation style, and compromising style). İn addition, the creativity questionnaire includes 50 creativity questions to identify the creativity amount of the personnel. To analyze the data Pearson correlation test and T-test have been applied. The results indicate that there is a meaningful reverse statistical correlation between the adminstrators’ competeng style and the creativity of the personnel. There is also a meaningful positive correlation between accomodating style, compromising style, educational levels and the working experiences of the personnel. There is no meaningful correlation between avoiding style and cooperation style of the adminstrators and the creativity of the personnel. Moreover, conflicting management styles of the adminstrators of the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz are not different from each other based on the genders of the adminstrators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - The survey on Effect of Conflict with Parents on High-Risk Behaviors among youth (case study: high school students of Amol)
Sepide Nasiri Nemat Sotoudeh Faezeh Jahan Ali Firouzjaeian -
Open Access Article
203 - Predict marital burnout for young couples in Divorce Based on Conflict resolution styles, Perfectionism and Emotional tuning styles Babol city
M Vaygani Arsalan Khanmohammadi Jamal Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
204 - The Impact of Political Connection & Financial Misstatement on Agency Costs: Evidences from Political Agency Hypothesis
Mohammad HassaniThis paper assessed the impact of political connection and financial misstatement on agency costs especially in politically connected firms. Agency cost is measured using the ratio of operational expenses to operational sales revenues index. Also, politically governance MoreThis paper assessed the impact of political connection and financial misstatement on agency costs especially in politically connected firms. Agency cost is measured using the ratio of operational expenses to operational sales revenues index. Also, politically governance affiliation in either board structure or ownership structure is considered as a proxy of political connection. In addition, managers' multi-period incentives to misstate earnings in financial reporting are based on accruals earnings management. Research population using screening method consists of 204 firms listed in Tehran Securities & Exchange over 10 years period during March 2013 to March 2023. Research hypotheses investigated through multivariate regression models using panel data with fixed effect and generalized least squares method by E.Views software. Empirical findings documented that political connected firms have high level of agency costs significantly. Also, more managerial incentives to misstate earnings in financial reporting lead to increase agency costs level significantly. In addition, high level of earnings misstatement in politically connected firms caused to upward the agency costs level; In fact, these events enhance the interest conflict resulting from agency problems. So, it is aligned to political agency hypothesis, according to which the managers in politically connected firms, provoke agency conflicts due to opportunistic motives and harmful consequences of political connection. Other findings showed that the level of financial reporting misstatement and agency costs in politically connected firms has a significant difference compared to firms without political connection. This indicates the harmful consequences of political connections in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Land Use Conflict Analysis with Using the Model of Land Use Conflict Identification Strategy (LUCIS) in Tonekabon County
banafsheh pirasteh Mojtaba Rafieian Reza AhmadianIn recent decades, rapid changes in land use, especially in coastal areas has been associated with important implications as destruction of natural resources, environmental pollution and … In Tonekabon city, development of physical settlements as a result of rapi MoreIn recent decades, rapid changes in land use, especially in coastal areas has been associated with important implications as destruction of natural resources, environmental pollution and … In Tonekabon city, development of physical settlements as a result of rapid population growth, without any planning and environmental considerations lead to the expansion of cities into the vulnerable areas, that if not controlled and correct guidance, will cause destruction of many lands with priority to agricultural lands and their protection will be. The aim of this study was to identify factors and drivers of changes in land use in Tonekabon and also make benefit of Analysis Model of land use conflicts identification Strategic (LUCIS) in determining the user conflicts of the interest area. In this study, the analytical method (Statistical- Spatial) data used in processing and analyzing data using spatial analysis techniques have been combined. After preparing the data layers, weighting and combining them, the results showed that agricultural priority accounted for the largest share in zones without conflict, which was distributed in the western half of the North Strip, on the other hand agricultural- Conservation zones covers over 30 percent of conflict moderate zone and scattered throughout the area. Finally, based on reached results intervention strategies were provided in the framework of an integrated management approach to control and reduce conflict, create compatibility and make Suitability between the Land uses with each other and balance of loaded ground. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Examining Social Conflicts Arising from Population Mismanagement in Iranian Metropolises
fatemeh dolati Majid Shams Behman KargarPopulation and its various dimensions have always been a concern for policymakers and experts. Natural population growth is the result of birth and death rates, while migration and mobility have a significant impact on the increase or decrease of demographic changes. Ma MorePopulation and its various dimensions have always been a concern for policymakers and experts. Natural population growth is the result of birth and death rates, while migration and mobility have a significant impact on the increase or decrease of demographic changes. Marginalization and the establishment of informal settlements, increasing land and housing prices, environmental degradation, indiscriminate use of groundwater, reduction of per capita green space, traffic and air pollution, urban waste generation and improper disposal, soil erosion, and industrial pollution are among the challenges and conflicts that arise from population growth and concentration in the country's metropolises. Based on the research methodology, this study follows a descriptive-analytical approach. According to the theoretical framework, all components were examined at the global and national levels with a focus on Iran, and the necessary information was collected to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the research. The ranking and prioritization model and Lorenz curve algorithm were used for screening and prioritization. First, the collected data were analyzed using Excel software and then transformed into numerical charts using the Lorenz curve. The research findings indicate that simultaneous with population growth and concentration in metropolises, development and progress have not occurred in parallel, and various differences and conflicts have emerged among different social classes and levels due to overcrowding, population movements, and development disparities in cities and metropolises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Relationship between psychological empowerment, trust and interpersonal conflicts on the desire to share knowledge with the staff improvement approach
marzieh heydariThe aim of this study was to Investigating the relation of psychological empowerment and interpersonal conflicts on employees’ knowledge sharing intentions. The statistical population of this study is the staff of the Education Department of Fars Province, whose n MoreThe aim of this study was to Investigating the relation of psychological empowerment and interpersonal conflicts on employees’ knowledge sharing intentions. The statistical population of this study is the staff of the Education Department of Fars Province, whose number is equal to 322 people. To select the sample size, a 175-person sample was randomly selected using Cochran's formula. The standard Wang et al. (2019) questionnaire was used to measure task conflict, relationship conflict, knowledge sharing, trust, and psychological empowerment. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its compound reliability and validity by structural and content validity. Using the structural equation modeling technique, the research hypotheses were analyzed. The results of the study showed that relationship conflict and task conflict have a negative and significant effect on knowledge sharing, as well as relationship conflict and task conflict have a positive and significant effect on psychological empowerment and trust, and finally the relationship between Psychological empowerment and trust with the intention of sharing knowledge were also evaluated positively and meaningfully. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Factors of Conflict Between The Ismailis And The Seljuks: Results and Outcomes
mohammad najafi hasan shadpoor mahbibeh esmaeiliThe main opposition of the Ismailis' government and thought were the Abbasid Caliphate and the Seljuk monarchy. The Ismailis didn't stop to react and utilized any opportunity to harm them, especially the Seljuk government which was accessible for the Ismailis. The outco MoreThe main opposition of the Ismailis' government and thought were the Abbasid Caliphate and the Seljuk monarchy. The Ismailis didn't stop to react and utilized any opportunity to harm them, especially the Seljuk government which was accessible for the Ismailis. The outcome of such conflict was confrontation, positions based on conflict a between the Ismailis and the Seljuks. Thus, studying the background of this continuous and pervasive conflict is an undeniable necessity which will reveal a part of Iran's political and intellectual history. Therefore, the current research investigates the Ismailis movement and its ties and conflict with the Seljuk government by using an analytical- descriptive method. Also, their positions will be studied in different viewpoints. The results of the current research indicated that the relationship of the big Sunni government of the Seljuks with the Ismailis was established as based on the attitude of jurisprudence school of the Sunni scholars. In addition, the lack of a peaceful solution to express dissatisfaction was one of the main reasons for the violence of the Ismaili sect and its conflict with the Seljuk government, the most important result and consequence of which was the radicalization of the political atmosphere and the Ismailis' resorting to terror. The opposite point of this situation was the neglect of the opportunity for dialogue, the use of force to suppress the opposition and the application of social, political, religious and cultural pressures, discrimination and social restrictions by the Seljuks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - The Effect of Political Ideology on Auditors' Professional-Organizational Conflict With The Mediating Role of Organizational Adaptability
khadije saberi Fateme Saraf Bahman Banimahd Mohsen HamidianPolitical ideology is widespread in today's organizations. The labels liberal and conservative often represent fundamental beliefs and values. People's political ideology is unique to each individual and guides the decisions and behavior of the members of the MorePolitical ideology is widespread in today's organizations. The labels liberal and conservative often represent fundamental beliefs and values. People's political ideology is unique to each individual and guides the decisions and behavior of the members of the organization either willingly or unwillingly. The potential for the emergence of organizational professional conflict in work environments is increasingly growing. Efficient organizations with a high adaptability capacity seek to respond to the changing demands of customers and environmental changes so that they can deal with the forces and obstacles that are constantly present in the organization, and the survival concern of any organization depends on how to deal with conflicts. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of political ideology on auditors' organizational professional conflict with the mediating role of organizational adaptability The present study is a descriptive applied research that the research data using standardized questionnaires by a sample of 314 questionnaires among the auditors working in the audit organization and trusted audit institutions in the year 1400 in a random probability distribution and the research data using the structural equation model using softwares 22 SPSS and 88 LISREL statistics have been analyzed. The research results show that auditors with conservative political ideology have a direct effect and liberal auditors have an inverse effect on organizational adaptability; But conservative political ideology and liberalism have no significant effect on organizational professional conflict. Also, auditors' organizational adaptability has a negative and opposite effect on organizational professional conflict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Challenges of the Application of International Humanitarian Law in Cyber Warfare
Hasan movassaghiLooking at war from any angle, we will find it a terrible and violent phenomenon. At the same time, throughout the history, wars and armed conflicts have happened thousands of times and will happen in the future, and humanity cannot escape from it. But, they can be rule MoreLooking at war from any angle, we will find it a terrible and violent phenomenon. At the same time, throughout the history, wars and armed conflicts have happened thousands of times and will happen in the future, and humanity cannot escape from it. But, they can be ruled by law and morality, so that wars, which in fact represent conflict of interests, do not turn into savagery and crime. As we witness in the third millennium, the nature and form of warfare is nowadays changing, and this falls under the rules of the international armed conflicts as such that is stipulated under The Tallinn Manual 1 & 2 by the NATO. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and the results of the research confirm that it is possible to apply humanitarian standards of international humanitarian law in cyber warfare because war is a phenomenon that affects all sections of a country and causes serious harms. It also affects the right to life and other aspects of human rights, because the first stage of cyber warfare is military and security classified information, and the next stage is the destruction, transfer, change and distortion of information and data related to the people and civilians of the enemy, and, noting that the civilians are not considered as combatants, they must not be the target of cyber-attacks and that the international humanitarian law, which is a common human value, must be applied in such cases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Challenges of Applying the Principles of Armed Conflict to Cyber Attacks Case Study: Observance of the Principle of Prohibition of the Use of Force and the Principle of Distinction in Cyber Attacks
Zohre Sadeghi MohammadJavad ArabianDue to the many advantages of cyber attacks as a new method of warfare compared to the conventional and traditional methods of war, the attention of different countries has been drawn to this phenomenon over the recent years. Furthermore, noting the point that the effor MoreDue to the many advantages of cyber attacks as a new method of warfare compared to the conventional and traditional methods of war, the attention of different countries has been drawn to this phenomenon over the recent years. Furthermore, noting the point that the efforts of some countries and international assemblies to systematize the tools, methods and effects of this style of attack and conflict still face a lack of consensus and, as a consequence, have not resulted in creation of an international document, the international lawyers have faced many challenges in dealing with this phenomenon and its destructive effects on the important and vital infrastructure of countries and defending the rights of nations against cyber attacks.There are now many legal rules governing the situations in which states can resort to force as well as the point as how they can resort to force in armed conflicts. Some of these rules do not apply specifically to cyber attacks including the rules related to the protection of the Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked. Other rules include general principles that apply to cyberattacks. Nevertheless, it seems that the gap between conventional weapons such as biological and chemical weapons and methods of cyber-attack can be very large. This article addresses the Principle of Prohibition of the Use of Force and the Principle of Distinction and examines the challenges of applying the same to the cyber attacks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Designing a Pattern of Conflict Dimensions between Tourists and Residents Using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)
Nahid Alizadeh Ali Gholipour Soleimani Ebrahim Chirani Narges DelafroozThe purpose of this research is to design a model of conflict dimensions from the point of view of tourists entering Gilan province and local natives. This research is descriptive and exploratory based on the nature and method of data collection. The statistical populat MoreThe purpose of this research is to design a model of conflict dimensions from the point of view of tourists entering Gilan province and local natives. This research is descriptive and exploratory based on the nature and method of data collection. The statistical population of this research is tourists and residents, and the participation of university experts and cultural heritage and tourism experts with a number of 18 people is also included. The data of the qualitative part was collected using the approach based on classical grounded theory and using semi-structured interviews through purposeful snowball sampling. In the quantitative part, the relationship and significance of the categories were determined with the interpretive structural modeling approach. Based on the obtained results, inflation in the real estate sector, disruption in the transportation system, and cultural differences are the cornerstones of the pattern of tourism conflict dimensions and have a high effect on it. This model can be used to investigate the tourism conflict phenomenon according to the views of different stakeholders, as a reference for tourism development and guidance for managing tourism operations. Also, the problems and shortcomings of tourism development in Gilan province can be changed by increasing or decreasing each of the variables and using the results as a basis for tourism development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - the influence of Majmao l bayan from the previos interpretors and narrators ( with the emphasis on Altebyan Sheikh toosi )
leila asadi abdol majid taleb tashSheikh toosi has stated logical-oral discussions in Altebyan. And has used his attitutes from his proffessors seyyed Morteza and seyyed Mofid and has used logic preferens of Baghdadi ideology. That is why in Altebyan interpretation we see Shie't verbal discussions. The MoreSheikh toosi has stated logical-oral discussions in Altebyan. And has used his attitutes from his proffessors seyyed Morteza and seyyed Mofid and has used logic preferens of Baghdadi ideology. That is why in Altebyan interpretation we see Shie't verbal discussions. The effect of this attitute in iterpreters after Sheikh toosi specially Sheikh Tabarsi is incontrovertible. The reflex of verbal discussion Sheikh toosi attitues towards them are obvious in Majmao l bayan. Due to the quality of 5 th and 6 th centuries, there were huge amount of controversies and argumentstions, however these two interpretors tried to solve and reply all the doubts and suspicions. In this project the amount of permeability of Sheikh Tabarsi from Sheikh toosi and from the previos interpretors and narrators and also their methods for defending shieete verbal bases, are investigated. Both interpretors have used the Holy Qoran verses , traditions, literal and literary discussions and logical contention to repley the mentioned controversies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - The Concept of Historicity and Its Role in the Issuance Causes of Conflicting Narratives
Behrooz Fadaei Rad Mohammad Nasehi Hosein Khoshdel MofradThe influence of historical conditions on the issuance of hadiths, throughout the history of the specialized use of hadiths, with titles such as reasons for issuing hadiths, authority for issuing hadiths, real and external cases, temporal and spatial requirements, has a MoreThe influence of historical conditions on the issuance of hadiths, throughout the history of the specialized use of hadiths, with titles such as reasons for issuing hadiths, authority for issuing hadiths, real and external cases, temporal and spatial requirements, has always been the focus of hadith scientists. However, despite the fact that one of the consequences of such an influence is the conflict in issuing hadiths; this topic has never been followed in a coherent way in hadith studies; and scholars of hadith sciences, when faced with the conflict of narratives, since they did not consider it to be authentic, they identified some causes as the causes of the conflict of narratives with the sole purpose of resolving the conflict. And although in the end they showed these causes completely, but they never investigated the root of their occurrence. Therefore, in this research, in addition to the practical explanation of the concept of historicity, its role in the causes of narratives conflict can be summarized in the four headings of rejection, perceptual conditions of the audience, and functional conditions of the audience; and it was found that the cause of these causes can be searched in the concept of history. Manuscript profile -
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215 - Historical Review of the Thinking of Abrogating Writings in the Third and Fourth Centuries
Mohsen Ghasempour Fatomeh HajiakbariThe abrogation in the Quran in the first three centuries have had a general meaning, which has become an example in later periods. From the second to the fifth centuries, the number of verses that were considered obsolete increased dramatically, and a scholar from Zohar MoreThe abrogation in the Quran in the first three centuries have had a general meaning, which has become an example in later periods. From the second to the fifth centuries, the number of verses that were considered obsolete increased dramatically, and a scholar from Zohari to Ibn Jouzi, respectively, made obsolete verses from 42 to 247 verses respectively. In the fourth millennium, the golden age of writing is unconscious and outdated, as the revelation of verses is so great that some people have called this approach, the name of the love of Al-Nashk, the number of unwholesome and obsolete verses has been brought to 215. This research tries to examine the types of manuscripts by analytical-descriptive method. Thus, the context of the development of the theory of manuscripts in the face of some of Allah's verses, which appeared to be incompatible, was formed, based on this, the jurisprudents put forward the basis of the earlier and later verdicts in the order of descent, and, using this, they eliminated this paradox. Listing conflicting verses, unconscious occasions of obsolete, facilitating unconscious memorization and obsolete, and compiling based on jurisprudential documents, including those of the works of the prescriptions in the early centuries The abrogation in the Quran in the first three centuries have had a general meaning, which. Manuscript profile -
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216 - The Reflection of the Roots of Iran and the United States Conflict in International Arena from the Viewpoint of American Media Diplomacy (The Case Study: The Movie 300, the Rise of an Empire)
Bashir Esmaeili Seyed Hassan Malaekeh Alidad KeymasiAbstract: In recent decade Hollywood cinema is increasingly has paid attention to producing films and serials with the political contents relating to Iran. The set of movies called “300” is trying to exclusively deal with the difference of political thought MoreAbstract: In recent decade Hollywood cinema is increasingly has paid attention to producing films and serials with the political contents relating to Iran. The set of movies called “300” is trying to exclusively deal with the difference of political thought of ancient Iran and ancient Greece. Meanwhile the movie 300 tries to simulate the confrontation of ancient Iranian thinking and Greece thinking with the present confrontation of Islamic Republic of Iran thought and the United States. The article first examines the principle of the thinking projected in the movie “300: the Rise of an Empire” and then explains the basis of the contending thought. The hypothesis of the article is that, the movie “300” wants to infuse this point that the political foundation of thinking of East and West had been different form the ancient time and the political elevation of West against the political obstruction and despotism of the East had been continuing ever since. Therefore, the conflict between Iran and the United States in international scene is a confrontation between freedom and democracy and despotism which has their roots in ancient time. The methodology used in the paper is a mix of Van Dyke’s discourse and Roland Barthes analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Analyzing the Failure of Deal of Century in Making Peace
Ehsan Ejazi mehdi lakziThe Trump administration has promised to end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the Middle East by implementing the Deal of Century. Given the lack of acceptance of this plan, not only by the Palestinians but also by the United States, the main question of this researc MoreThe Trump administration has promised to end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the Middle East by implementing the Deal of Century. Given the lack of acceptance of this plan, not only by the Palestinians but also by the United States, the main question of this research is: to what extent implementation of Deal of Century can be successful? The hypothesis of this study is as follows: due to lack of attention to the real roots of the conflict, special attention to Israeli interests, disregard for Palestinian rights, drafting a plan without negotiating with the Palestinian side, the inability of the United States to implement some provisions of the plan, the opposition of the Arab League and the European Union, this plan is not feasible and if some of its provisions are implemented unilaterally, it will only increase tensions in the Middle East. The authors have used the model of "resolving territorial disputes" to analyze the probability of success of this project using analytical and descriptive methods. Finally, the authors conclude that to achieve peace in the Middle East, an alternative plan must be considered that would ensure the establishment of an independent Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - Identity factors and conflict in Islamic Republic of Iran - USA relations
Solaiman Almasi ghasem torabi abas SalehyReview: The main question of the research, which was investigated with the aim of identifying and explaining identity factors affecting Iran-US relations, is "what are the causes and identity factors of conflict in Iran-US relations." And in response to the mentioned qu MoreReview: The main question of the research, which was investigated with the aim of identifying and explaining identity factors affecting Iran-US relations, is "what are the causes and identity factors of conflict in Iran-US relations." And in response to the mentioned question, the proposed hypothesis is that the contradiction and opposition in the desire for identity and independence caused by Iran's national and Islamic culture on the one hand and hegemonic with a one-sided view and the liberal attitude of the United States, on the other hand, have caused conflict in the relations between the two countries and created It has made peaceful relations with mutual respect very difficult.This article, using the analytical-comparative method and within the framework of constructivist theory, tried to explore and identify the identity factors of Iran and America, investigate and compare the corresponding and at the same time opposite identity factors of the two countries, and the general result of which is That: this approach has a good capacity to understand the position of the Islamic Republic of Iran vis. a. vis America due to its meaning-oriented approach and attention to norms and identity concepts.Keywords: identity factors, conflict,. identity, Iran, America Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - The Impact of New Social Media on the Yemeni Conflict (2020-2011)
fereshteh bahramipoor azadeh olfati Najva hazeriSocial construction of technology is one of the ideas raised in the field of technology, which is less considered in the analysis of issues. This theory is concerned with the social construction of societies and the role of technology in this social construction. The Mi MoreSocial construction of technology is one of the ideas raised in the field of technology, which is less considered in the analysis of issues. This theory is concerned with the social construction of societies and the role of technology in this social construction. The Middle East has also had a conflicting social structure due to the multiplicity of religions, ethnicities and cultures, as well as the actions of regional and extra-regional actors, and when social technologies entered this region, it was affected by this conflicting social structure. they got. The aim of the current research is to clarify the relationship between the social construction of new social technologies and the conflicts in Yemen. Yemen is one of the most tense countries in the region, which intensified after the removal of Ali Abdullah Saleh, and continues at three national, regional and extra-regional levels. Therefore, the main question is, what effect have new social technologies had on the conflicts in YemenBased on this, this research by adopting a descriptive-analytical method tries to explain this innovative hypothesis that it seems that the new social technologies developed on the web platform have caused the escalation of conflicts in the controversial social structure of Yemen. Manuscript profile -
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220 - Challenges of Regional Integration in South Asia from the Perspective of Intergovernmentalism
Hadi NaroueiThe integration process in the South Asian region started with the inspiration of the European Union at the end of the 20th century. In order to make this happen and encourage integration, organizations like SAARC and BIMSTEC were founded, although these initiatives wer MoreThe integration process in the South Asian region started with the inspiration of the European Union at the end of the 20th century. In order to make this happen and encourage integration, organizations like SAARC and BIMSTEC were founded, although these initiatives were not successful in practice. From 2014 onwards, due to the revival of India's First Neighborhood Policy, a positive perspective for regional integration emerged once more in the South Asian region. Despite various steps being taken and the inclusion of India as an emerging global economy in the region, true regional integration in South Asia hasn't materialized thus far. This article aims to analyze the challenges faced in achieving regional integration in South Asia. By focusing on the theory of Intergovernmentalism, the hypothesis explores how not only the differences and conflicting interests between India and Pakistan but also the differences and conflicting interests between India and the smaller countries of South Asia have hindered the convergence of the region. The study adopts a Hypothetico-deductive method and the data gathering procedure is based on library findings. The research findings indicate that security policies and individual interests of countries, including India, take precedence over economic cooperation and regional integration. Manuscript profile -
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221 - Statistical investigation of the transformation of domestic and international disputes using Upsala and Heidelberg peace studies
Mehrdad Ganjali Darani Satar AziziThis article is dedicated to the analysis of the types, amount and intensity of domestic and international crises and conflicts in the last five decades. The main question of the research is to provide a complete and statistics-based picture of the amount of internal a MoreThis article is dedicated to the analysis of the types, amount and intensity of domestic and international crises and conflicts in the last five decades. The main question of the research is to provide a complete and statistics-based picture of the amount of internal and international disputes and conflicts. The main research question is why the number of internal conflicts and disputes has increased since World War II. The hypothesis of the research is that the institutionalized efforts of the United Nations to prevent another civil war after the Second World War and the imposition of rules prohibiting the use of force in international relations have led to a decrease in conflicts at the international level and an increase in internal conflicts. The research method is analytical-descriptive, and more important innovation of research is the analysis of disputes and international crises by relying on objective statistics and avoiding relying on purely theoretical studies regarding the causes and contexts of disputes and conflicts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Analysis of Sports, Conflict Resolution and Actors; An Introduction to Sports Diplomacy
Masoud Jaafarinejad Amir Reza Emami Amir Bagherzadeh Chungaralu Reyhan ErturkDespite the increasing recognition of sports diplomacy, a more comprehensive understanding of its impact on conflict resolution is felt. This study seeks to address the current gap in the literature by providing a nuanced exploration of the role of sports diplomacy with MoreDespite the increasing recognition of sports diplomacy, a more comprehensive understanding of its impact on conflict resolution is felt. This study seeks to address the current gap in the literature by providing a nuanced exploration of the role of sports diplomacy within the context of 'sport and conflict resolution.' The main question is: "What is the role of sports diplomacy in conflict resolution for state and non-state actors?". It is hypothesized that the strategic deployment of sports diplomacy is an effective tool in establishing communication and strengthening dialogue in conflict resolution between the involved parties. The research findings indicate that the state actors have used sports diplomacy to fulfill their foreign policy goals to secure their direct or indirect interests. In fact, for states, sports always come second after survival and security, and non-state actors, who are often established as mediators to create and promote peace, use sports diplomacy to remove friction and resolve conflicts between state and non-state actors, create stability, strengthen peace, and ultimately provide human security. The qualitative research method is based on description analysis, and data collection was done through library and virtual resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Leading Sustainable Nation-building Strategy Based on Social Justice
Ali Asghar Pourezzat Taheri Attar Taheri Attar Ali Asghar SaadabadiIn the history of man several phenomena have been considered as effective factor in formation and shaping of nations. Among the most important factors one can refer to territory, language, religion, history, ideology and common race. But the history is a witness to the MoreIn the history of man several phenomena have been considered as effective factor in formation and shaping of nations. Among the most important factors one can refer to territory, language, religion, history, ideology and common race. But the history is a witness to the fact that in many cases despite the existence of such factors, nations had formed which did not last long. If one assumes that the base of the formation of nations ere the existence of the above said factors, there are evidences in history which rejects the above hypothesis. The present article by a rejectionist approach and by an interpretive and history research method analysis of texts and indirect collection of data and documents, investigates the cases which the first hypothesis is being challenged, then it concludes that nation-building will be sustainable when the development of a nation is based on social justice and other effective factors like territory, language, religion, ideology. In other words the effective factors in nation- building will lead to sustainable nation-building when these factors are mixed with justice. The finding of the study substantiates the hypothesis that effective nation-building factors once mixed with social justice will lead to sustainable nation-building. Therefore, it seems that one of the important factor in sustenance and peace in a society is nation-building based on social justice. A justice which provides the possibility of free and ethical life and evolution oriented for all ethnic communities, races and languages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Perspective on Ethnic Conflict in Pakistan: the Case Study Karachi City
Mohammad Sadegh koushki Seyed Mahmoud HossiniAbstract: Pakistan as an important country is the Islamic world, after independence has always faced internal, political, economic and social instability. One of the factors that accelerate the instability is ethnic conflict. In this regard Karachi as an important indu MoreAbstract: Pakistan as an important country is the Islamic world, after independence has always faced internal, political, economic and social instability. One of the factors that accelerate the instability is ethnic conflict. In this regard Karachi as an important industrial and economic center of Pakistan faces the worst ethnic conflict and separatist demands. What is the root cause and nature of these ethnic conflicts? The present article tries to analyze the factors that destabilize Pakistan with emphasis on multi aspect nature of ethnic conflict. It also highlights the cause and grounds of ethnic conflict in both domestic as well as external dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - The Revolutionary Developments of Bahrain and Geopolitical and Religious Conflict of Iran and Saudi Arabia
Ali Adami Syed Mohammad Reza Mosavi Hossein Ali TootiBahrain is having important geopolitical value for regional and extra-regional powers. For this reason the developments which take place in Bahrain lead to the reactions and conflicting policies from those countries. With the emergence of Islamic awakening movement in B MoreBahrain is having important geopolitical value for regional and extra-regional powers. For this reason the developments which take place in Bahrain lead to the reactions and conflicting policies from those countries. With the emergence of Islamic awakening movement in Bahrain the countries who are opposing Iran, particularly Saudi Arabia, diverted the people’s attention from just protest movement of Bahraini people and raised the question of Iran’s interference in Bahrain internal affairs. The present article wants to know what are the roots of religious and geopolitical conflict of Iran and Saudi Arabia in relation to Bahrain and what impact these contradictions have had on relations of the two countries after the Islamic awakening?. The paper has concluded that these contradictions have started before the Islamic revolution of Iran and has reached its climax after the revolutionary developments in Bahrain and is still going on. Some of the important roots of these contradictions are Iran’s territorial claim on Bahrain( before the Islamic revolution), the Islamic revolution in Iran, provoking the revolutionary feelings of Shiites in Bahrain and Saudi Arabia, the support of Iran for increasing role of the Shiites, the presence of Fifth Fleet Navy of the United States in Bahrain, the formation of Persian Gulf Cooperation Council against Iran playing important role in the region, military intervention of Saudi Arabia in Bahrain, arms race between Iran and Saudi Arabia and designing different scenarios for isolating Iran. The present article by a descriptive-analytical method wants to study the above issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Investigating the Causes of Intergenerational Distance and Students Discourse Conflicts with Value System of urban Society
Elahe Imani Alireza Kaldi باقر ساروخانیBackground and Aim: Generational distance is an important issue in contemporary societies and has been considered as harm by many researchers. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to study the sociological causes of intergenerational distance and the conflict be MoreBackground and Aim: Generational distance is an important issue in contemporary societies and has been considered as harm by many researchers. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to study the sociological causes of intergenerational distance and the conflict between students' discourse and the value system of urban society. Research Method: The research method is quantitative and the data collection technique is questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is students and parents in Tehran, 985 of whom have been selected using the sample size formula and cluster sampling in different areas of Tehran. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed structural equation modeling. Findings and Results: The results showed that the independent variables of gender, peer group, family moral values, educational environment, national mass media, socio-economic status and manifestations of globalization had a significant effect on the intergenerational distance and conflict of students' discourse with society's value system. Among these, national mass media with a coefficient of (0.50) had the most impact and socio-economic base with a coefficient (0.10) had the least impact. Also, the variable of attachment to values with a coefficient (-0.69) had a significant and inverse effect on the intergenerational distance and the conflict of students' discourse with the value system of society. In relation to measuring the total effects, all the variables are independent; Gender, peer group, family moral values, educational environment, national mass media, socio-economic status and manifestations of globalization have all been able to explain 0.53 of the generation gap changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Study of the Relationship between Marginalization and Social Gaps in Tehran Metropolis (Case Study of Khatavanabad and Hesar Amir)
Raziyeh Amiriraz Mohammad rahim Eivazi Ebrahim Barzegar mostafa btahiaAbstract Marginalization around cities, as a sociological phenomenon, has had countless consequences for countries, including developing societies. Separation of rural people from their cultural, economic and social context and presence in the suburbs of cities, in add MoreAbstract Marginalization around cities, as a sociological phenomenon, has had countless consequences for countries, including developing societies. Separation of rural people from their cultural, economic and social context and presence in the suburbs of cities, in addition to harming marginalized immigrants, has led to the emergence of numerous gaps in metropolitan areas. Accurate understanding of this situation and providing a solution to deal with its various consequences, as the purpose of this article, requires the study of the ratio of marginalization and social gaps in these areas; Therefore, in the present study for field study, two areas of Khatunabad and Hesar Amir in the southeast of Tehran metropolis were selected as the sample population and three neighborhoods of each of them were studied by cluster-random method. The study method was based on the researcher-made questionnaire, which was prepared according to the Likert scale. In the questions raised, various types of social gaps have been examined. Based on the analysis and evaluation of responses and extraction of quantitative statistics using Spss and Excel, etc., it can be said that the density of dissatisfaction resulting from uneven development and the feeling of relative deprivation, structural problems and weaknesses in these areas is about 67% and this dissatisfaction , Has led to the emergence of all kinds of rifts in the suburbs and has made these areas prone to protest actions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - paradigmatic model of organizing the periphery of Kerman city
Azade MosaviThe current research was conducted with the aim of providing a paradigmatic model of organizing the outskirts of Kerman. In terms of the objective, the present research is applied in terms of the qualitative method of the grand theory type (Strauss and Corbin). The targ MoreThe current research was conducted with the aim of providing a paradigmatic model of organizing the outskirts of Kerman. In terms of the objective, the present research is applied in terms of the qualitative method of the grand theory type (Strauss and Corbin). The target community in this study was the people responsible for the organization of the outskirts of Kerman city, and conceptual saturation was achieved with a sample size of 18 people. The purposeful sampling method and research tool in this research is semi-structured interview. Reliability was obtained with the intra-subject agreement method of 0.78 and the face validity of the interview text was confirmed by experts. The findings include 56 categories in open coding and 45 categories of central coding and 5 categories of selective coding. The results showed that the method of organizing the outskirts of the city currently includes destruction; Discharge; Improvements (limited to inadequate measures) have been implemented, but these measures have not been effective. The strategies for organizing the edge of the city suggested by the experts include the implementation of the green belt plan of Kerman city; elimination of the conflict of interest of the organs; improvement along with the empowerment and participation of marginalized people; using experts in the implementation of projects; Determining the rules of organization and the necessity of their implementation; Placing the property is subject to possession. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - An analysis of inter-generational gap and students’ conflict in discourse with urban society’s value system
Elahe Imani Alireza Kaldi Bagher SaroukhaniGeneral gap is an important issue in contemporary societies and as a problem has attracted the attention of many social researchers. In this regard, this article aims to present a sociological analysis of inter-generational gap and students’ conflict i MoreGeneral gap is an important issue in contemporary societies and as a problem has attracted the attention of many social researchers. In this regard, this article aims to present a sociological analysis of inter-generational gap and students’ conflict in discourse with urban society’s value system. A quantitative research method and a questionnaire were used to gather the data. Research population consisted of Tehrani students and their parents of whom, on the basis of Cochran formual 985 individuals were selected through a cluster sampling technique. Structural equation modeling was used in the analysis of the data. The findings showed that independent variables such as gender, peer groups, family moral values, educational atmosphere, national mass media, socioeconomic status, and aspects of globalization were significantly associated with inter-generational gap and students’ conflict in discourse with urban society’s value system. The findings showed that national mass media with a coefficient of 0.50 had the most impact and socioeconomic status with a coefficient of 0.10 had the least effect. It was also found that obligation to values with a coefficient of -0.69 was inversely related to the dependent variable. All the independent variables together could explain 0.53 percent of variance of the dependent variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Comparing and contrasting on "like a thirsty pot" poem (An analysis based on New Criticism)
Hojjatollah RabieiThis article seeks to use the proposed new critique method to study the poetry of " sabue teshne ...The Thirsty cebu" by Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, while explaining some of the key words and components underlined by the new critique, such as "tension" , "Subject" and "aironi MoreThis article seeks to use the proposed new critique method to study the poetry of " sabue teshne ...The Thirsty cebu" by Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, while explaining some of the key words and components underlined by the new critique, such as "tension" , "Subject" and "aironi ", to use them as an applied critique of this poem. Aiming to this , by reading precisely the poetry and examining the contradictions and inconsistencies and referring them to the main line of the poem, how the effect is configured. In this process, the audience is introduced step-by-step through a practical action critique from the perspective of new critique. The result of this research is that the components of the work are organized in harmony with each other and with the internal unity, and beyond the contradictions, poetry is the integrity and unity of organism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - A study of organizational jealousy and job conflict through Deceptive behaviors
Omid Safari Fatemeh Hoseini Hadis Ghasemian غلامرضا صفریThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational jealousy and job conflict through deceptive behaviors in the physical education teachers of Mamasani and Rostam. This study was practical, and in terms of nature and method, a descripti MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational jealousy and job conflict through deceptive behaviors in the physical education teachers of Mamasani and Rostam. This study was practical, and in terms of nature and method, a description of the type of correlation and timely. The statistical population of this study was all 87 physical education teachers in Mamasani and Rostam, of which 83 were sample and sampled with a number of sampling. Descriptive statistics methods were used to describe data and data analysis of Pearson correlation coefficient, reporting and structural equations in SPSS and PLS software. The results of the study showed that organizational jealousy and its components with deceptive behaviors have a positive and meaningful relationship between organizational jealousy and its components with a positive and significant relationship in the work, as well as between hypocritical behaviors and components with its components and components. Positive involvement in the work was observed in a negative and significant relationship, and finally the results of the study showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between organizational jealousy and positive involvement in the subject through deceptive behaviors in subjects. Therefore, organizational jealousy can provide the ground for hypocritical behaviors and reduce job conflict among teachers. It is suggested that in order to increase job involvement in teachers, managers and policy makers should observe the norms and behaviors of reducing organizational jealousy such as honesty, justice, commitment and responsibility in interaction with teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - RCMS-: Requirements Conflict Management Strategy in CSOP+RP
Soheil Afraz Hasan Rashidi naser mikaeilvand -
Open Access Article
233 - Resolving Methods of Marital Discords and Conflicts of Rural Women – Field Study in Menia Governorate, Egypt
Elham Abdou Mohammed Aly -
Open Access Article
234 - Analyzing Rural People's Attitudes to Traditional Methods of Retaliation in Resolving Ethnic Conflicts Between Nomads and Villagers and The Required Cultural Extension and Education
Maryam Pourgholami Sedaghati Batool Mehregan Seyed Alireza Hosseini -
Open Access Article
235 - Study of Marital Conflicts and its Effective Factors among Women Living in Bushehr City
Zeinat Faramarzi Gholamreza Jaafarinya Habib PasalarzadehConflicts in the family, including marital conflicts, are now one of the topics of interest to researchers, despite their naturalness. Because if these conflicts are not intensified and managed, it can cause confusion and divorce. Therefore, due to its importance, the p MoreConflicts in the family, including marital conflicts, are now one of the topics of interest to researchers, despite their naturalness. Because if these conflicts are not intensified and managed, it can cause confusion and divorce. Therefore, due to its importance, the present study has studied the sociology of this issue. This study was a small study using a survey technique. Data collection tool was a questionnaire and the statistical population was all married women in Bushehr, which was analyzed using the Cochran's formula of 384 people as a sample size. The results showed that the hypotheses related to age, duration of marriage and number of children were confirmed, and a statistically significant relationship was observed between these variables and marital conflicts. But there was no statistically significant relationship between employment status, responsive education and spouse education with marital conflicts. In general, we can conclude. Despite the fact that marital conflicts are mostly discussed in the field of psychology and are considered as a psychological issue. However, it is strongly influenced by socio-cultural components and it is necessary for family officials to pay enough attention to these variables in policy and planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Study the relationship between family conflicts and aggressive behavior in adolescents
بیژن خواجه نوری رودابه دهقانیAdoloscences' behaviours and the causes and effects that have for him/her and others are of the most important problems in sociological studies. This study investigates the relationship between family conflicts and reggressive behaviours of adoloscences. This research h MoreAdoloscences' behaviours and the causes and effects that have for him/her and others are of the most important problems in sociological studies. This study investigates the relationship between family conflicts and reggressive behaviours of adoloscences. This research has used frustration theory and learning theory. The research method was survey and questionnaire has been used to collect data from 1250 students of Shiraz and Darab city, which has been selected by multiple random sampling. Analysis of data showed that there is significant relationship between parental conflicts, parent-child conflict in and out of the hme with reggressive behaviours of children. Ultimately, Lisrel program was used to examine the research method. The results showed that gender, place of residence (shiraz), family income, and family conflicts can interpret 53% of the dependent's variable changes. Generally speaking, this research emphasize the importance of the role of family in shaping adoloscences' behaviours and their mental health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - The mediating role of professional ethics in the relationship between organizational conflict and teachers' quality of work life
Nima Shahidi Ali SalehiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational conflict and the quality of work life of high school teachers in Basht with the mediating role of professional ethics. The method of this research was descriptive causal correlation. Th MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational conflict and the quality of work life of high school teachers in Basht with the mediating role of professional ethics. The method of this research was descriptive causal correlation. The statistical population in this study was all teachers in Basht city (488 people) and 215 people were selected as a sample based on krejcey-Morgan table by using random cluster sampling. Walton (1988) standard quality of work life quality questionnaire, Kadozir(2002) professional ethics questionnaire and Safari (2014)organizational conflict questionnaire were used as research instruments . Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling were used to test the research hypotheses. The results of Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between organizational conflict, professional ethics and quality of teachers' work life and also the results of structural equation modeling showed that professional ethics has a mediating role in the relationship between organizational conflict and quality of working life of high school teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Identify and rank the factors affecting intergenerational conflicts in the organization (Case study; Kerman Automotive Industries Staff)
rostam derakhshanThe present study was conducted to identify and rank the factors affecting intergenerational conflicts in the organization. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection. The statistical population in this stu MoreThe present study was conducted to identify and rank the factors affecting intergenerational conflicts in the organization. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection. The statistical population in this study includes the headquarters of Kerman Motor Automotive Industries, which used the available probability sampling method to select members of the statistical sample. According to the statistical population of 310 staff members, the sample size of Cochran's formula is 173 people. To measure intergenerational conflicts, first an expert group consisting of 20 experts was formed, then a research questionnaire in 9 components and 36 items was obtained, which was measured in a 5-point Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaires was formally confirmed. The total reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.752, which was obtained by Cronbach's alpha. The results show that technological and technical factors, acquired skills, generation gap, personality traits, personal beliefs, level of expectations, management style, organizational culture and administrative structure have a significant impact on creating intergenerational conflicts in Kerman Motor Company. But the situation of Kerman Motor car industries is in a favorable situation in terms of these factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Using game theory approach to interpret stable policies for Iran’s oil and gas common resources conflicts with Iraq and Qatar
Maryam Esmaeili Aram Bahrini Sepideh Shayanrad -
Open Access Article
240 - شکاف جنسیتی و منازعه سیاسی در ایران: رویکردی جامعه شناختی
ملیحه مهدی پور علی اصغر داودی اهورا راهبرنگاهی به تاریخ معاصر ایران، نشان میدهد که در یک قرن گذشته جامعه ایران به طور متناوب درگیر شورشها، جنبشها، انقلابات و بیثباتیهای سیاسی برآمده از آنها بوده است. در تبیین علل این کشمکشها نظریهپردازان بر عوامل مختلفی تاکید داشتهاند؛ یکی از این عوامل، تعداد، نوع، ماه Moreنگاهی به تاریخ معاصر ایران، نشان میدهد که در یک قرن گذشته جامعه ایران به طور متناوب درگیر شورشها، جنبشها، انقلابات و بیثباتیهای سیاسی برآمده از آنها بوده است. در تبیین علل این کشمکشها نظریهپردازان بر عوامل مختلفی تاکید داشتهاند؛ یکی از این عوامل، تعداد، نوع، ماهیت و ترکیب شکافهای اجتماعی در ایران بوده است. از جمله شکافهایی که با پیروزی انقلاب اسلامی فعال شد، شکاف جنسیت است. مقاله حاضر به این پرسش میپردازد که جنسیت چه نقشی در فرآیند منازعات سیاسی در ایران پس از انقلاب داشته است؟ یافتهها نشان میدهند که فعال شدن شکاف جنسیت باعث شد تا منازعات سیاسی پس از انقلاب رنگ و بوی جنسیتی به خود بگیرد در نتیجه، ضمن آنکه زنان پیگیر مطالبات خاص مرتبط با مقوله جنسیت خود شدند، دیگر گروهها و جناحهای سیاسی درگیر در منازعات سیاسی نیز برای جلب نظر آنان، بر خواستههای ایشان انگشت گذاشته و هر از چندگاه در دستورکارِ مبارزاتی خود، این مطالبات را برجستهسازی کردهاند. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کیفی مبتنی بر روش اسنادی و کتابخانهای است و دادههای مربوطه از طریق فیشبرداری از کتب، مقالات و اسناد مختلف گردآوری و با رویکردی جامعه شناسانه، به توصیف و تحلیل آنها پرداختهایم. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Iran and Central Asia: Chances or Challenges?
Dal Yu -
Open Access Article
242 - The Role of Track Two Diplomacy in Resolving India-Pakistan Dispute: Case Study of PIPFPD
Parvin Neginraz Mohammad Kazem Sajjadpour Mohammad Hassan Sheikholeslami -
Open Access Article
243 - Environmental Security: Regional Cooperation, Development and Armed Conflict in the Persian Gulf
Mahdi Mallahi G. Ramachandrappa -
Open Access Article
244 - The Impact of US Strategy on Identity Conflicts between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the European Union
Farzaneh Rahmati Mohammadreza Dehshiri -
Open Access Article
245 - Cooperation & Conflict in Transatlantic Defence and Security Structure
Rouya Khezri Kazem Sultanahmadi -
Open Access Article
246 - Investigating Political Development in Strengthening Sustainable Security in Sistan and Baluchestan Province
Mohammad Miran AhmadAli Khosravi Saeid Khosravi -
Open Access Article
247 - Gender Cleavage and Political Conflict in Iran: A Sociological Approach
Malihe Mahdipour Ali Asghar Davoudi Ahoura Rahbar -
Open Access Article
248 - The Model of the effect of conflict, attraction, psychological commitment and resistance to change on behavioral loyalty brand of Sepahan sport club
Elham Moshkelgosha Rasool NazariThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural model of the effect of conflict, attraction, psychological commitment and resistance to change on behavioral loyalty to the Sepahan soccer team brand in Isfahan. The statistical population of this resear MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural model of the effect of conflict, attraction, psychological commitment and resistance to change on behavioral loyalty to the Sepahan soccer team brand in Isfahan. The statistical population of this research is the fans of the Isfahan Sepahan sport club. The sample size required for this study was 384 people. The data collection tool was a questionnaire with 52 questions.Whose validity was confirmed by the opinion of sports management professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test with a coefficient of 0.89. The results of the study showed that attraction has a positive effect with standard coefficient (0.15) on psychological commitment. The conflict has a positive effect with the standard coefficient (0.420) on psychological commitment. The attraction variable has an indirect effect on the variable of resistance to change with coefficient (0.69). The relationship between resilience to change and behavioral loyalty was also significant with the standard coefficient (0.11). That is, resistance can be the cause of behavioral loyalty, in other words, the constant presence of the audience. In general, it should be admitted that in order to promote the brand's strategic position, by highlighting the club's brand, it can create a clear picture of the club's performance in the minds of the fans by creating warmth, social acceptance, respect for the audience, providing exciting conditions. And eventually provide security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - Study of Impact Factors of Relationship Marketing in Loyalty Customers in Kerman Balan Agency
B. Alishiri M.A.F. Bonabi H. AbdollahiWith respect to increasing importance of keeping customers and using relationship marketing by organizations around the world, the current study is done to identify effective factors of relationship marketing customers’ loyalty in Kerman Balan agency. In this stud MoreWith respect to increasing importance of keeping customers and using relationship marketing by organizations around the world, the current study is done to identify effective factors of relationship marketing customers’ loyalty in Kerman Balan agency. In this study, relationship marketing model is used to analyze effective factors on the customers’ loyalty in the agency. The study is done using a questionnaire and four factors including (trust, commitment, conflict handling, and communication). This questionnaire is distributed among 80 customers of Kerman Balan agency. This research is a descriptive survey in which the relationships among independent and dependent variables have been examined considering the data collected through questionnaires. By doing chi-square test, normality of the frequency of the provided answers is used. Using Pearson coefficient correlation, a significant relationship was found among 4 factors. The research hypotheses were approved by t- test. Using Friedman test, the factors were ranked based on their importance as follow: 1. Trust, 2. communication, 3. Commitment, 4. Conflict handling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - Differential Prediction of Externalizing Behavior Problems of Children Based on Marital Conflicts and Social Emotional Investment of Parents
Abbas Amanelahi Mohammad Zarbakhsh Gholamreza Rajabi The aim of this study was to predict externalizing behavior problems of children based on marital conflicts of parents and social emotional investment of parents in children. The conducted study was descriptive and correlation one, and the statistical populat More The aim of this study was to predict externalizing behavior problems of children based on marital conflicts of parents and social emotional investment of parents in children. The conducted study was descriptive and correlation one, and the statistical population included mothers with children aged 6 to 12 years old in Ahvaz city, Iran. Participants included 702 mothers that were selected by voluntarily sampling method. For data collection, Child and Adolescent Behavior Assessment (Morin, Miller, Smith, & Johnson, 2016), Marital Conflict Questionnaire (Sanai Zaker, 2007) and Parental Investment in Children (Bradley & Caldwell, 1995) were used. Differential analysis method was used for data analysis. The results showed marital conflicts of parents and social emotional investment of parents could predict the group membership of children with external behavioral problems and without external behavioral problems. The findings suggested that decreasing marital conflicts and increasing social emotional investment of parents could decrease the externalizing behavior problems of children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - The mediating role of cognitive schemas in the relationship between family process and content with coping strategy styles
Iran Jalali Sirus Sarvghad Siamak SamaniIn order to determine the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas as related to family process and content and strategies for coping with parent-child conflict, 400 high school students (240 females, 160 males) in Shiraz city during the academic year of 2011-201 MoreIn order to determine the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas as related to family process and content and strategies for coping with parent-child conflict, 400 high school students (240 females, 160 males) in Shiraz city during the academic year of 2011-2012 were selected by multistage cluster sampling method and responded to the Organizational Conflict Inventory (ROCI-II; Rahim & Magner, 1995), Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (Young, 1999) and Family Process and Content Scale (Samani, 2009). Findings revealed no meaningful relationship between cognitive schema and family content components (except other-directedness with life atmosphere and fiscal resources) and family process (except religious beliefs). Also, a meaningful relationship was found between strategies for coping with parent-child conflict and family process components (excepting religious beliefs). Goodness of Fit Index derived from path analysis revealed the confirmation of the hypothesis regarding the model of relationship between family content with strategies for coping with mother-child conflict (except dominating) and strategies for coping with father-child conflict (except integrating, dominating and accommodating). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Marital conflict and the role of child temperament
Fatemeh Gharehbaghy Maria A.VafaieThis study examined the mediating and moderating role of child temperament in the relationship between marital conflict and the child's affective-behaviorals symptoms, physical and psychosocial health. 220 female and 193 male elementary school students (fifth grade) wer MoreThis study examined the mediating and moderating role of child temperament in the relationship between marital conflict and the child's affective-behaviorals symptoms, physical and psychosocial health. 220 female and 193 male elementary school students (fifth grade) were selected using stratified random sampling. Their mother were administered the O'Leary-Porter Overt Hostitility Scale (Porter & O'Leary, 1980), the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised (Putnam, Ellis & Rothbart, 2001), and the Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form (Landgraf & Abetz, 1996). In addition, mothers and teachers of the students completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 1997). Regression analysis of data indicated that marital conflict and child temperment were predictors of child psychopathological symptoms and health. Marital conflict was positively correlated with negative temperament, and negatively correlated with positive temperament. The moderating role of child's positive temperaament and effortful control in marital conflict and child health was posited, as well as the mediating effect of child temperament in the relation between marital confict and child behavioral symptoms. The implications based on the research findings are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - The Analysis of Dominant Patterns of Object Relations in Iranian Couples
Leyli Abbasi Parviz Azadfallah Ali Fathi Ashtiani Hojatollah FarahaniThis study aimed to analyze the dominant patterns of object relations in Iranian couples. Based on a qualitative method with a thematic analysis approach. The evaluation was done on 10 participants (8 females and 2 males) considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria MoreThis study aimed to analyze the dominant patterns of object relations in Iranian couples. Based on a qualitative method with a thematic analysis approach. The evaluation was done on 10 participants (8 females and 2 males) considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sampling method was purposeful and the data were collected using deep clinical interviews and evaluated using thematic analysis. Data analysis showed that 3 inclusive themes: "oneself" theme with two subcategories of self-worth (including insufficiency, competence, and sufficiency) and, the role of oneself (including undue responsibility, role confusion), “other one” theme with two subcategories of the position of another one (including passivity and irresponsibility of father, active mother, absent parents, supportive others) and schema of another one (including comparison, mastery increase, anxious parents, aggressive parents, abusive parents, and unstable parents), and “relationship” theme with two subcategories of emotional survival (including unfriendly interactive relationship, a sense of distance and neglected, sense of abandonment and loneliness) and cognitive survival (including sense of obedience, worthlessness, and controlled increase). The obtained patterns are based on psychodynamic theories and object relations. According to the findings, the pathology of relationships between couples is based on the relationships that are associated with first caregivers in their childhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - The Effect of Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Based on Core Conflictual Relationship Theme on Improvement of Mother-Child Interactional Patterns
Tayebeh Shahmoradifar Parviz Azad Fallah Hojatollah FarahaniThis study aimed to investigated The Effect of Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Based on Core Conflictual Relationship Theme on Improvement of Mother-Child Interactional Patterns.The study was a quasi-experimental design. The participants included three mothers who live MoreThis study aimed to investigated The Effect of Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Based on Core Conflictual Relationship Theme on Improvement of Mother-Child Interactional Patterns.The study was a quasi-experimental design. The participants included three mothers who lived in Tehran. All three participants took part in a 12 session that administered as one hour sessions per week and experienced brief psychodynamic psychotherapy. The participant were assessed eight times (2 baseline assessments, 5 during therapeutic session assessments, and 1 follow up assessment) by the Parent-Child Relationship Scale (Pianta, 2011) and the Maternal Caregiving Quality Scale (Ghanbari, Khodapanahi, Mazaheri, & Lavasani, 2012). Visual analysis Within condition and Between condition used to analyze the acquired information. The results revealed that the intervention improved the mother – child interactions. According to the research findings, many of the parent – child conflicts, rooted in the unconscious self-object mental representations of parents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - The Effectiveness of the Enrichment of Interpersonal Relationship Skills Program on Causal Attributions, Interpersonal Conflict Solution Strategies, Cognitive Coping Skills and Perceived Positive Relations with Others
Omid shokri Hosien PourshahriarThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of enrichment of interpersonal relationship skills program on university students’ causal attributions, interpersonal conflict solution strategies, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and perception of MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of enrichment of interpersonal relationship skills program on university students’ causal attributions, interpersonal conflict solution strategies, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and perception of positive relations with others. In this experimental study with pretest-posttest control-group design and follow up stage, 72 students participated, 40 students in the experimental group and 32 students in the control group. The participants completed the Attribution Style Questionnaire (ASQ; Peterson & et al., 1982), the Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory (CRSI; Kurdek, 1994), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-SF; Garnefski, Kraaij & Spinhoven, 2001), and the Positive Relationships with Others Scale (PROS; Ryff, 1989). The experimental group received 10 sessions of enrichment of interpersonal relationship skills program (1 hour a session). The results of multivariate and univariate covariance analysis indicated that enrichment of interpersonal relationship skills program was effective in increasing positive causal attributions, positive problem solving strategy, adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and positive relations with others and in decreasing negative causal attributions, non-adaptive interpersonal conflict solution styles and non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in short term and long term. The findings suggest that enrichment of interpersonal relationship skills program may result in mental immunization in students through increasing positive thinking strategies, adaptive emotional management skills and interpersonal relationships skills enrichment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Work-family conflict management training :an experimental study in female employees
Marzieh Malekiha Iran Baghban Maryam FatehizadehSixty-two married female employees of Isfahan university were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. Both groups completed the Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire (Netmaier, 1996) and Belief of Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Henessy & Saimon, 2005). MoreSixty-two married female employees of Isfahan university were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. Both groups completed the Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire (Netmaier, 1996) and Belief of Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Henessy & Saimon, 2005). The experimental group received six sessions of work-family conflict training over one month, each lasting two hours. The control group received none. Covariance analysis results showed a significant reduction in work-family conflict and a rise in belief of self-efficacy in the experimental group, as compared to the control group. Findings emphasized the effectiveness of training in solving conflicts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - The Relationship between Parent-Adolescent Conflict and Academic Adjustment Among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Conflict Resolution Strategies
Seyed Mohammad Sadatian Omid Shokri Hosein PourshahriarThe present study examined the mediating role of conflict resolution strategies in the relationship between parent-adolescent conflict and educational adjustment among male school students. In this correlational study, 398 school students responded to the Parent-Ad MoreThe present study examined the mediating role of conflict resolution strategies in the relationship between parent-adolescent conflict and educational adjustment among male school students. In this correlational study, 398 school students responded to the Parent-Adolescent Conflict Questionnaire (Asadi Younesi, Mazaheri, Shahidi, Tahmasian& Fayazbakhsh, 1390), the Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory (Kurdek, 1994) and the Adjustment Inventory for School Students (Sinha& Singh, 1993). In order to examine the structural relations of the hypothesized model, structural equation modeling was used. Results indicated that the partially mediated model of conflict resolution strategies in the relationship between parent-adolescent conflict and educational adjustment among school students fitted well with the data. Also, all of the regression weights in the proposed model were statistically significant and predictors of the model accounted for 65% of the variance of the educational adjustment. Results by emphasizing the critical role of the quality of interpersonal interactions in the family context showed that a part of common variance of parent-adolescent conflict and educational adjustment is explainable via the changes of adaptive and non-adaptive conflict resolution strategies scores. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - A Psychometric Analysis of the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale
Sara Salavati Omid ShokriThe present study aimed to test psychometric properties of the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC-Y; McDonald &Grych, 2006) among students between the ages of 9 and 11. One hundred and sixty two elementary school students (104 bo MoreThe present study aimed to test psychometric properties of the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC-Y; McDonald &Grych, 2006) among students between the ages of 9 and 11. One hundred and sixty two elementary school students (104 boys, 54 girls) completed the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory for Youth (BDI-Y; Beck, Beck, Jolly & Steer, 2005). The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to investigate the CPIC-Y factorial validity and internal consistency, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported three-factor structure of conflict properties, threat, and self-blame. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that multidimensional structure of CPIC-Y was an acceptable measurement model. The significant positive correlations of all three CPIC-Y scales with depression provided support for the CPIC-Y convergent validity. Internal consistencies of the CPIC-Y scales were good. The findings suggested that CPIC-Y was an appropriate measure for assessing specific dimensions of interparental conflict in a sample of Iranian children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Validation of the Parent-Adolescent Conflict Questionnaire (Adolescent Form)
Iraj Mokhtarnia Ali Zadehmohammadi Mojtaba HabibiThe aim of this study was to test the confirmatory factor structure and validation of the Parent-Adolescent Conflict Questionnaire in a nonclinical sample of 13 to17 year old adolescents. The study was descriptive and cross-sectional. Seven hundred and forty eight stude MoreThe aim of this study was to test the confirmatory factor structure and validation of the Parent-Adolescent Conflict Questionnaire in a nonclinical sample of 13 to17 year old adolescents. The study was descriptive and cross-sectional. Seven hundred and forty eight students were selected from the high schools of Qods (a district of Tehran province) by multistage random sampling. The participants completed the Parent-Adolescent Conflict Questionnaire (Adolescent Form; Asadi Younesi, 2011), the Children's Perceptions of Inter parental Conflict Scale (Grych, Seid, & Fincham, 1992), the Youth Self-report (Achenbach, 1991)), the Family Communication Scale (Olson, 1995), and the Family Satisfaction scale (Barnes & Olson, 1985). The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the fourteen-factor of the Parent-Adolescent Conflict Questionnaire. To investigate divergent and criterion validity, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used. The results indicated that the correlation of the Parent-Adolescent Conflict Questionnaire with the other instruments of the study were between 0.21 and 0.57.These results were more satisfactory for the intensity of the conflict part of the parent-adolescent conflict questionnaire than for the frequency part of the questionnaire. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.97 for the frequency of the parent-adolescent conflict and was 0.96 for the intensity of parent- adolescent conflict. The test-retest coefficients were 0.76 and 0.75 for the frequency of parent- adolescent conflict and the intensity of the parent-adolescent conflict, respectively. The findings suggest that the Parent-Adolescent Conflict Questionnaire have good psychometric properties and can be used in research settings and family counseling in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Efficacy of Mindful Parenting Program on Parenting Stress and Parental Self-Efficacy among High Conflict Adolescents’ Mothers
Maryam Mohammadi Karineh Tahmasian saeed Ghanbari Jalil Fathabadihe aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of mindful parenting program on parenting stress and parental self-efficacy among mothers who had high conflicts with their adolescents. Four hundred and eighty three female students were selected from three volunteer jun Morehe aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of mindful parenting program on parenting stress and parental self-efficacy among mothers who had high conflicts with their adolescents. Four hundred and eighty three female students were selected from three volunteer junior high schools in Yazd, Iran. The participants completed the Conflict Behavior Questionnaire-Adolescent Form (Robin & Foster, 1989). One hundred and fifty seven students whose conflict scores with their mothers were higher than 50 were selected. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 32 mothers were selected and randomly assigned into either the experimental or the control group. The experimental group received mindful parenting based on Bögels and Restifo (2014) package.Both groups completed the Parenting Stress Index (Abidin, 1995) and the Parental Self-Agency Measure (Dumka, 1996) during threestages. The results of analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated that MP significantly reduced parenting stress andincreased parental self-efficacy. The findings suggested that the mindful parenting approach was influential in variables related tomaternal parenting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - Multiplicity of courts and jurisdictions in international trade law and solutions to deal with it
Mir Shahbiz Shafi mahdi delgirField and Aims: Proliferation of international tribunals and jurisdictions is a rather new phenomenon that has emerged in international public law, generally and in international trade law, specifically. However, this phenomenon signals preparation on the part of states MoreField and Aims: Proliferation of international tribunals and jurisdictions is a rather new phenomenon that has emerged in international public law, generally and in international trade law, specifically. However, this phenomenon signals preparation on the part of states to use courts and tribunals for settling their disputes peacefully, it may raise problems when courts arrive at divergent or event conflicting rulings in an international legal order that lacks hierarchy. This article aims to address whether proliferation of tribunals and jurisdictions has emerged in international trade law; and if so, what is its consequences for international trade law and which possible solutions may be suggested to deal with its negative consequences.Method: This Research is prepared by a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: Given to reasons for proliferation of tribunals and jurisdictions that are addressed in this article, the answer to the question of emergence of proliferation in international trade law is positive. Thus, the consequences of proliferation in international trade law are presented. Then, in regard with exclusive jurisdiction of World Trade Organization (WTO) for international trade disputes and its exceptions by Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), practical instances of conflicting jurisdictions in international trade law jurisprudence are recognized. Finally, possible tools for solving conflicting jurisdictions between WTO and FTAs disputes settlement mechanisms, and also possible solutions for improvement of cooperative interactions between these mechanisms are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Investigation and identification of possible conflicts in the implementation of macroprudential policies with the objectives of monetary policy (output and price stabilization) in the Iranian economy using the DSGE approach"
Parisa Tavako mehdi pedram Hossein TavakoliyanAbstractFollowing the financial crisis of 2008-2007, the use of macroprudential measures to curb credit cycles became an economic policy in many countries. However, under certain conditions, the implementation of these policies may have negative effects on the output ga MoreAbstractFollowing the financial crisis of 2008-2007, the use of macroprudential measures to curb credit cycles became an economic policy in many countries. However, under certain conditions, the implementation of these policies may have negative effects on the output gap and price stability, which are the goals of monetary policy. In this paper, by designing a a closed dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model for the Iranian economy in the period 1369: 1 to 1399: 2 and macroprudential tools loan-to-value restrictions and countercyclical capital buffer and shocks including productivity, bank capital and monetary policy shocks is used and the conflicts (increasing variance ) resulting from the implementation of macroprudential policy on monetary policy objectives was examined.The results show that with the occurrence of shocks, the implementation of loan-to-value ratio requirements does not conflict with production and inflation, and with more response of this tool, the variance of production and inflation reduced monotically, indicating a complementary relationship of this macroprudential tool with monetary policy objectives. Therefore a policymaker can use this macroprudential tool with less concern.However, the requirement of countercyclical capital buffer after the occurrence of these shocks is initially in conflict with price stabilization and output, which with a more severe reaction of this macroprudential tool reduces inflation and output fluctuations and reduces its adverse side effects. However, the exception is the variance of inflation in the monetary policy impulse, which increases with the intensification of the loan-to-value ratio, and with the intensification of countercyclical capital buffer,inflation is initially decreasing and after reaching its minimum value, it rises. . The results of this study can be useful for how macroprudential and monetary policies are organized and how to coordinate between these two policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - Identifying and ranking the impact of lifestyle variables and behavioral indicators on purchase decisions and mental conflicts after purchase - case study: young women with financial resources and high income in Tehran city.
seyed Mohamad Taghi Hosseinikia Vahid Reza MirabiAbstractPurpose: The main purpose of the research is to Identifying and ranking the impact of lifestyle variables and behavioral indicators on purchase decisions and mental conflicts after purchase - case study: young women with financial resources and high income in Te MoreAbstractPurpose: The main purpose of the research is to Identifying and ranking the impact of lifestyle variables and behavioral indicators on purchase decisions and mental conflicts after purchase - case study: young women with financial resources and high income in Tehran city..Research method: 10 variables. A behavior was identified through the Delphi group. The research is descriptive-survey in terms of method, practical in terms of purpose, the method of collecting data in the field through a questionnaire with a Likert scale and validity and reliability has been confirmed. The statistical sample size was determined to be 384 people.Findings: After analyzing the data, all the hypotheses were confirmed and in the following order, they had the greatest impact on women's purchase decisions: self-deceiving behavior styles (1) successful people (2). herd behavior (3), aura effect (4), sophistry of gamblers (5), gap (6), idealism (7), realism (8), anchoring (9), projection (10) ).Conclusion: The results show that the decisions made based on behavioral variables have more satisfaction and cognitive inconsistency, mental conflict and psychological tension after purchase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - Identity Explanation about Structure of Conflicts in Relation of U.S & I.R.Iran
fazel feiziIdentity Explanation about the Conflicts Structure in the Relation of United State of America and Islamic Republic of Iran Abstract The occurrence of the Islamic revolutionary of Iran in 1357, it was a occurrence that its identity discourse in foreign policy ( discourse MoreIdentity Explanation about the Conflicts Structure in the Relation of United State of America and Islamic Republic of Iran Abstract The occurrence of the Islamic revolutionary of Iran in 1357, it was a occurrence that its identity discourse in foreign policy ( discourse of revolutionary idealism) was based on discourse elements such as autonomy, fighting against imperialism and colonial powers and support of liberator movements. Basically creation this kind of discourse in a country and region that was regarded as a stable island for United State of America was not concerted with aim and interests of U.S. conquering the embassy of U.S. by the students of follower of Imam Line, U.S disconnected its diplomatic relation with Iran as well as undertake a wide range of hostile actions against Iran that was continued in past four decade up to this time. In this research meanwhile we study on the obstacle of the evolution of two state relations, we try to study the conflict of their interests from the viewpoint of identity and norms that appraise their identity, as it is emphasized on constructive theory of international relations. Finally we conclude that although in some certain and defined cases were holed limited negotiations between two states, because of coflictual identity ,there is not any possibility to fundamental change the relation of Iran and United State of America. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - The ambiguities of International Humanitarian Law application on World War against Terrorism
Mahdi Heydarifard Ali Pour Ghassab Amirithe entry of non-governmental Emtities is one of the important indicators of contemporary wars that causes unbalanced structure of conflicts. In recent decades, rapid advances in weapons technology increased the gap between the warring parties in terms of military capab Morethe entry of non-governmental Emtities is one of the important indicators of contemporary wars that causes unbalanced structure of conflicts. In recent decades, rapid advances in weapons technology increased the gap between the warring parties in terms of military capabilities, the upsetting of the balance of power and divided them into strong and weak. As a result we have witnessed the innovation of Asymmetric, Non-structured war methods based on Unconventional using ofArmed tools and tactics, such as resorting to terrorist acts. The emergence of these methods has expanded the scope of military conflict to civil society and reduced the complience of the parties to basic principles of international humanitarian law as the only legal means to protect the lives of civilians and propert against military attacks. in the nature of today's wars and the shift to non-governmental conflicts with ethnic, religious and identity goals has led to the development of the battlefield and the entry of civilians as fighters, which has greatly blurred the line between military and civilian. Finally, the lack of international consensus on the definition of terrorism and its examples, the political approach of countries and sometimes,Hiring of terrorist groups, the monopoly of the application of humanitarian law principles on war situations while some terrorist acts take place outside the battlefield. .. are some of the factors that have intensified this challenge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Comparative analysis of effective identity components in the conflict between the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America
Solaiman Almasi Ghasem Toraby abbas salehiAbstract The examination of the foreign policy of Iran and the United States shows that America, with its identity combination, is the axis of Western civilization as the moderator of the current world, and Iran, with its corresponding identity combination, has the clai MoreAbstract The examination of the foreign policy of Iran and the United States shows that America, with its identity combination, is the axis of Western civilization as the moderator of the current world, and Iran, with its corresponding identity combination, has the claim of establishing the Islamic world civilization, which requires the change of the international system of the world. For this reason, the relations between the two countries have diverged under the influence of the challenge of conflicting and mutual identity components. In such a way that one is trying to maintain and expand control over the existing international order and structure and the globalization of Western culture, and the other is trying to establish a new order and system and the globalization of divine sovereignty.In this article, the analytical-comparative method is used in the framework of constructivist theory. Thus, firstly, with library studies and the investigation of identity factors effective in decision-making and policy-making around the international relations and foreign policy of the two countries, the identity components of Iran and America in an analytical-explanatory way, statistics; And in the end, the research findings have been analyzed by comparing corresponding and contrasting components. The result is that this approach has a good capacity to understand and understand the position of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards the United States due to its central meaning and according to the types of identities.Keywords: Comparative analysis, conflict, identity components, Iran, America Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - track two diplomacy solution for managing international crises
leyli malekmohamadi reza simbar Ahmad JansizDiplomacy has a special place in solving international conflicts. Rather than looking for military solutions in conflict zones, countries will look for less expensive ways. Official diplomacy generally plays the role of promoting peace in the situation of disputes, conf MoreDiplomacy has a special place in solving international conflicts. Rather than looking for military solutions in conflict zones, countries will look for less expensive ways. Official diplomacy generally plays the role of promoting peace in the situation of disputes, conflict and war, but countries in conflict, where there is no way to promote official diplomacy between them, choose another path of diplomacy, which is called path two diplomacy. This type of diplomacy is used for countries in conflict in areas where formal diplomacy becomes virtually impossible due to the high degree of sensitivity resulting from a worldview different from the other's ontological security and lack of trust. Diplomacy is the path of two titles that has been known in the last few decades and has been used with positive results in some regions and countries involved in conflict. In this article, while defining and explaining the meaning of track two diplomacy, we examine its function as well as its opportunities and limitations in international crises. The hypothesis of this research is based on the fact that the use of two-way diplomacy will be the best form of diplomacy to resolve disputes between governments involved in crisis. This is a research-theoretical article, and for this reason, it will be a guide for researchers' case studies. The research method in this article is explanatory and analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Canadian government,s policy in the field of conflict of interest; A case study of the 2016-2023 period in the Justin Trudeau government
Farahnaz Ajori seyed esmaeil hosseinigoliConflict of interest is the conflict between the duties and responsibilities of a person in relation to the process of examining the private, professional, commercial or public interests of that person. Managing conflict of interest is one of the methods of preventing c MoreConflict of interest is the conflict between the duties and responsibilities of a person in relation to the process of examining the private, professional, commercial or public interests of that person. Managing conflict of interest is one of the methods of preventing corruption, increasing transparency, efficiency, accountability and public trust in the government. The conflict between personal interests and public interests is something that most government officials face; Therefore, it must be properly managed, otherwise it can lead to corruption. The purpose of this research is to investigate the policy of the Canadian government in the field of conflict of interest, which has been studied in the period of 2016-2023 in the government of Justin Trudeau. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of research method, and in terms of the purpose of The type of research is applied and based on library research and review of documents and records. The review of the trends presented in the annual conflict of interest reports showed that, according to the policies adopted by Justin Trudeau's government in 2015, the codes and indicators presented in the studied time frame, the reduction of the conflict of interest in several sectors, including ethical norms, It has shown social and value that the performance of this structure has been well objectified in the performance of government officials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Identity Discourse from the View of Constructivism in Nuclear Talks between Iran and the International System
Seyed Ali Mortazaviyan Lena Abdolkhani Mostafa HetteAbstract Among several causes of the conflict between Iran and the international order, the most important factor is Iran's nuclear activities. Since Iran's nuclear program has affected all the economic, political, social and cultural realms of the society to address t MoreAbstract Among several causes of the conflict between Iran and the international order, the most important factor is Iran's nuclear activities. Since Iran's nuclear program has affected all the economic, political, social and cultural realms of the society to address this issue is considered to be a remarkable effort. In this paper, we try to present a solution to the conflict between Iran and the U.S. to provide for an inter-subjective understanding so that the present conflict between Iran and the international order would be transformed into interaction. This article draws on a constructivist approach with an emphasis on identity as the constitutive element of relations among countries especially from the view point of values and norms. Although the failure of nuclear talks between Iran and the international institutions is influenced by several variables, it is the “self” perception of the “other” as well as a rigid and inflexible identity that renders any session to solve the dilemma into failure. In fact, through a comprehensive statement of the values and norms governing the nuclear program of the Islamic Republic of Iran, it is expected that the present conflict situation may convert into interaction. Key words: Iran's nuclear activities, Conflict, Interaction, Identity, Norm Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - Competition on Rangelands Utilizations Conflict Source among Users in Semi – Arid Areas at Eldebeibat, South Kordofan State–Sudan
Abdelrahim Abdelrahim Ibrahim Galal Fashir -
Open Access Article
271 - New developments in Arab-Israeli relations and its impact on the security of the ontology of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Mohammad Sarami Siamak Bahrami Iraj RanjbarArab countries have tried to deal with the formation of the Zionist regime through four wars, and in this regard, several resolutions and peace plans have been issued by the United Nations and some governments to end this conflict, but In the end, the failure of the Ara MoreArab countries have tried to deal with the formation of the Zionist regime through four wars, and in this regard, several resolutions and peace plans have been issued by the United Nations and some governments to end this conflict, but In the end, the failure of the Arabs in front of Israel to the extent that even a part of the land of the Arab countries was occupied by the Zionist regime caused the Arab countries to give up their confrontational position with Israel and one after the other try to normalize their relations with Israel. Based on this, the main question of the current research has been raised as follows: What effect have the new developments in Arab-Israeli relations had on the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran from an ontological point of view? This hypothesis has been proposed that the new developments in Arab-Israeli relations by reducing the conditions of uncertainty, due to the reproduction of the previous self-understanding and the deepening of the constant and continuous understanding of the Islamic Republic of Iran's identity, priorities, goals and interests, will lead to the improvement of security. It has been systematized. The findings show that after the Islamic Revolution, the Islamic Republic of Iran saw the relations between Arabs and Israel in conflict with its identity and has always tried to create divergence in the relations between Arabs and Israel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - Identifying the lifestyles of investors, the degree of mental conflict and the type of purchasing decision with a financial-behavioral approach
Sayyed Mohammadtaghi Hosseini kia Vahid Reza MirabiThe main objective of the paper is to identify the life styles of investors, the degree of mental conflict and the types of purchasing decision-making with a financial-behavioral approach. In order to identify the lifestyle of investors, a number of lifestyle variables MoreThe main objective of the paper is to identify the life styles of investors, the degree of mental conflict and the types of purchasing decision-making with a financial-behavioral approach. In order to identify the lifestyle of investors, a number of lifestyle variables were given to a Delphi group. This paper is a methodological, descriptive-survey and purpose-oriented. The data collection method was carried out through two primary and secondary methods (a standard questionnaire with validated validity). Subsequent research was done by Cronbach's alpha. The sample size of the research was analyzed according to Krejcie and Morgan's table for a limited population of 384 questionnaires. Sampling method is available. After analyzing data through LaserL and SPS software. Basis. The results are as follows: Lifestyle of risky investors (rank 1, complex decision-making, and mental conflicts are too high), lifestyle of thoughtful investors (rank 2, complex decision-making, and mental conflicts are too high),), lifestyle of capital Optimistic (rank 3, type of decision making is limited and mental contention is low, lifestyle of conservative investors (rank 4, type of decision-making is limited and mental contention is low), and lifestyle of sentimental investors (rank 5, type of decision Restrictions are limited and mental contention is low). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Examine the Pressures and Ethical Dilemmas Availablect in the Audit Conflicont Cost & Quality (A Case Study of Small and Medium-Sized Audit Institutions Trusted Exchange)
مریم رخشی کاوه آذین فر سیدعلی نبوی چاشمی Considering the importance of ethical issues in audit judgments, this study focuses on analyzing pressures Received by the auditor in the professionand the auditor's ethical dilemmas in the audit conflict. In addition, this research identifies the conflict-of-inte More Considering the importance of ethical issues in audit judgments, this study focuses on analyzing pressures Received by the auditor in the professionand the auditor's ethical dilemmas in the audit conflict. In addition, this research identifies the conflict-of-interest factors (When the auditor is facedwith it). The statistical communities in this study are trusted audit firms that include 77 companies which are investigated in a complete way. The instrument for measuring this study is a researcher-made questionnaire that the information extracted from it was investigated based on (ANOVA) test. The present study aims to develop literature on the impact of pressure on the behavior of auditors, because in previous probes, usually the pressure received from the owner has been widely studied. In addition to the pressure received from the owner, this study highlights the pressures of the audit firms that could have an adverse effect on audit quality. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the auditor's experience and the auditor's pressure from the client, the pressure of the audit firm, and the ethical assessment of dilemmas and conflicts of interest solutions; however, the audit size did not show a significant relationship with these variables. In addition, based on the results, the significant relationship between the conflict-of-interest solutions as well as the ethical evaluation of the dilemmas (problems) with the pressure from the client and the pressure received by the audit firm are other results of this study. According to the results, compliance with ethical oversight and greater accuracy is suggested to improve audit quality by reducing moral conflicts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Comparison of expression styles, conflict resolution and attachment in normal married women with emotional divorce experience
roghayeh zarei Abolghasem MehrinejedThe aim of this research is to identify and compare the assertive styles, conflict resolution and attachment styles in women with experience of emotional divorce and common women (without emotional divorce experience). The research is a causal-comparative study. The sta MoreThe aim of this research is to identify and compare the assertive styles, conflict resolution and attachment styles in women with experience of emotional divorce and common women (without emotional divorce experience). The research is a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of this research were the married women with at least five years of marriage who had a recourse in Sarahaye Mahale in Tehran in 1395.They were selected with randomly cluster sampling method. Participants in this research answered Guttmann emotional diverse test, Gabriele and Richie assertive style test and test of Rahim (ROCI-II) and scale of close relationship experience (ECR-R). For hypothesis test, analyze variation test with multiple variables and T-test, were done for testing research hypothesizes.Results showed that the women with emotional divorce experience had les assertiveness, also they had avoidance, dominant conflict resolution, avoidance attachment styles. While common women had more assertiveness, with integrating and compromise style conflict resolution. They had also anxiety attachment style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Comparison of the effectiveness of couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment of couple therapy based on compassion on marital conflicts and sexual intimacy of infertile couples in Kermanshah
elham hasani Shima ParandinInfertility and lack of reproduction of spouses is one of the important reasons for increasing marital conflicts and reducing sexual intimacy between couples. Among the third wave of psychology therapies is acceptance, commitment, and compassion therapy, which helps peo MoreInfertility and lack of reproduction of spouses is one of the important reasons for increasing marital conflicts and reducing sexual intimacy between couples. Among the third wave of psychology therapies is acceptance, commitment, and compassion therapy, which helps people deal with the issues in their lives in a proper way. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy and compassion based treatment on marital conflicts and sexual intimacy of infertile couples in Kermanshah. This research is a quasi-experimental type. The statistical population of the present study includes all infertile couples in Kermanshah who have referred to the infertility treatment clinics of Motazedi Hospital in Kermanshah annually and have shown the available type using pre-test, post-test design with control group and sampling method. It is found that couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment and couple therapy based on compassion at a significant level (p≤0.01) has been effective in increasing sexual intimacy. Also, at a significant level (p≤0.01), comparing the difference between the mean effectiveness of commitment therapy based on commitment and acceptance and couple therapy based on compassion, did not show a significant effect on marital conflicts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - The effectiveness of mindfulness training on job stress, work-family conflict and psychological well-being Employees of Sazeh Gostar Saipa Company
Farzane mazinani Roya KoochakentezarThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness methods on job stress, work-family conflict and psychological well-being. The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population w MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness methods on job stress, work-family conflict and psychological well-being. The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population was the employees of Sazeh Gostar Saipa Company in 1398. Among them, 60 people were selected by available methods and randomly assigned to two groups of mindfulness and control training. Data collection tools were the Occupational Stress Questionnaire of the British Institute of Health and Safety (1993), the Reef Psychological Welfare Questionnaire (1989) and the Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire of Carlson et al. (2000). The experimental group received mindfulness intervention based on Kabat-Zayn model (2015) in 8 sessions of 60 minutes each and the control group did not receive any intervention. Two months after the end of the sessions, follow-up was done from both groups. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures combined analysis of variance. Findings showed that mindfulness skills training has been effective in reducing job stress and work-family conflict of employees and increasing their psychological well-being(P<0.05). It seems that mindfulness training method can be used as an intervention in the field of mental health of employees and clinical psychologists and counselors can use this method to reduce job stress and work-family conflict of employees and increase mental well-being. Cognitive staff use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Predicting model of marital conflict based on self-knowledge, love mediated by emotional intelligence
iran sadeghi afshin Salahian mahdieh salehiWith the aim of family health and reducing marital conflicts, this study investigated the model of predicting marital conflicts based on self-knowledge, love and mediated by emotional intelligence. 133 men) were selected. The instruments used to collect information were MoreWith the aim of family health and reducing marital conflicts, this study investigated the model of predicting marital conflicts based on self-knowledge, love and mediated by emotional intelligence. 133 men) were selected. The instruments used to collect information were Sanaei et al. (2017) Marital Conflict Questionnaire, Ghorbani et al. (2008), Sternberg Love Questionnaire (1986), and Siberia Schering Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Mansouri, 2001). After collection, survey data were analyzed using SMART.PLS software and structural equation modeling without subscale. Findings indicate that the variables of self-knowledge, love could justify the variance of emotional intelligence with a value of 47/2% and these two variables along with the mediator variable were able to predict the variance of marital conflicts with a value of 62/8%, as well as the mediating role of intelligence Emotion was meaningful in both directions. The results showed that the model of predicting marital conflicts based on self-knowledge, love mediated by emotional intelligence has a favorable fit. According to the results of this study, it is recommended to develop an accurate educational-therapeutic protocol for couples with the aim of reducing marital conflicts and increasing community health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - The Contexts of Human Conflicts in the Holy Qur'an
Mohammad Amin Moayedi Banan The overall purpose of this article is to examine the context of human conflicts from the perspective of the Holy Quran. The researcher tries to answer this question: what are the main contexts that cause conflicts from the perspe More The overall purpose of this article is to examine the context of human conflicts from the perspective of the Holy Quran. The researcher tries to answer this question: what are the main contexts that cause conflicts from the perspective of the Holy Qur'an? In the researches done in the luminous verses of the Holy Qur'an, it was found that what is mentioned as conflicts and similar terms related to individuals and human societies and provides the causes of its incapacity originate from main fields, which are manifested in two areas of the individual and his society, such as; disagreement, hostility, false news, and worldliness underlying other factors in inciting war. It is obvious that all the purposes mentioned have been studied in a descriptive-analytical method in the light of revelation verses and using hadiths, which means that the researcher has collected and processed information using reliable sources and reference books. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - the effectiveness of improving relations based on Guttman improvement in couple's conflicts.
ALI ASGHAR ABBASI ASFAJIR mehanghiz solaymani niakiThe goal of the paper is to study the effectiveness of improving couple relationships based on Gottman's improvement scale in couples conflicts. This paper adopted a quasi-experimental design conducting a pretest-posttest with a control group in which 30 subjects of 200 MoreThe goal of the paper is to study the effectiveness of improving couple relationships based on Gottman's improvement scale in couples conflicts. This paper adopted a quasi-experimental design conducting a pretest-posttest with a control group in which 30 subjects of 200 couples (husband and wife) were selected by a systematic sampling (screening). The couples were assigned into two groups, each comprising 15 couples. Enrich's 47- question marital satisfaction scale was used to collect data.The covariance analysis test was used in the analysis. The findings indicated that the mean of conflict resolution, the reciprocal awareness of the meaning of life, compatibility and management of conflict among couples significantly increased in the experimental group. As a result, the improvement by Gottman's method in solving couples' conflict, understanding common sense of life, couples compatibility and management of conflict is effective among them. The squared amount of Eta also shows that compatibility training of couple's ends up with 84% compatibility, 76% perceived common sense of life, 68% conflict resolution, and 64% of conflict management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - The process of development of conflict in the organization of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Subsidiary organizations
Fahimeh Yosef Kalafi Mahnaz ronaghi notash Hosein TanhaiiTitle : The process of development of conflict in the organization of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Subsidiary organizations Abstract This paper was conducted with the aim of developing a sociological understanding in the field of inter-organizational confl MoreTitle : The process of development of conflict in the organization of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Subsidiary organizations Abstract This paper was conducted with the aim of developing a sociological understanding in the field of inter-organizational conflict seeking to respond the explanation of inter-organizational conflicts in the organizations of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and affiliated organizations. According to the definitions provided from conflict, the goals of employees and access to those goals were investigated as the basic concepts and their practices against the situation created. In this regard, due to the use of the underlying theory, after reviewing the literature and research background, without presupposing the theoretical framework for data collection with techniques of semi-structured interview, direct and indirect observation and participant observation was conducted. Purposeful sampling was continued to the theoretical saturation and research findings in four explanatory models were shown. The results showed that the conflicts in organizations are formed due to not achieving organizational objectives and how the behavior of actors against the alien conflict or compatibility. The other results of this study can be also noted that conflicts in organization are one of the defective forms in organizational relationships that empowering of people to reduce or eliminate them depends on their authorities. This means it can be considered power as an important factor in reducing or increasing person's conflict with the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Structural Equation Modeling of The Effect of Addiction to Social Networks on Marital Conflicts in Tehran Families
zahra fariborz bagher saroukhani Zahra Hazrati someehThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of addiction to social networks on marital conflict among couples in Tehran. In this research, based on Parsons's theory of structural functionalism and using hybrid approach, is presented a theoretical-analytical mode MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of addiction to social networks on marital conflict among couples in Tehran. In this research, based on Parsons's theory of structural functionalism and using hybrid approach, is presented a theoretical-analytical model of influential variables in this regard. The research method was survey and data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is all married residents in Tehran and the sample included 403 married people who had access to cyberspace. Also ,two-stage cluster sampling method was used to select this number. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and corresponding software (AMOS) were used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that there is a direct and significant relationship between independent variable of addiction to social networks and dependent variable of marital conflicts; But, addiction to social networks through variables of intimacy, alienation, religiosity, mental health and adherence to traditions and values affects the dependent variable of marital conflicts and has a significant relationship. Among these, the marital intimacy variable, with an impact factor of 0.36 has the highest value. The results of the fitness test of the theoretical model of the research showed that the proposed structural model is a suitable model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - The Universality of Intellectual Property Rights with an overview of Iranian Law
ayoub milaki Mehdi Hadavand Mohammad DarabiGlobalization has had its effects on all areas of human life, including various fields of jurisprudence. The globalization of intellectual property rights and their effects in the legal system of many countries can be exempted from this challenge, but in Iran due to the MoreGlobalization has had its effects on all areas of human life, including various fields of jurisprudence. The globalization of intellectual property rights and their effects in the legal system of many countries can be exempted from this challenge, but in Iran due to the conflicting views of some jurists by limiting the scientific, literary and artistic fields and somehow monopolizing it to some extent, which presented a serious challenge in accepting this branch of science in the legal system. Recourse to universal methods for applying formal and substantive rules of intellectual property rights and the influence of modern legal systems on global legislative treaties and finally the texts that have forced this branch of law to follow the universal rules of intellectual property rights, is a fact that cannot be ignored. Therefore, the commitments of governments, including Iran, in terms of intellectual property rights are to the result that its tools have been provided for the states for many years with the joint cooperation of specialized institutions of the World Trade Organization. In this article the descriptive-analytic method was adopted, and we tried to clarify the concept of Globalization and its connection to intellectual property was explained, then after analyzing the reasons that advocates and opponents set out; we considered the obstacles in this area. In this regard, the Iranian government must abandon the old interpretations of jurisprudence and deal with a new understanding of the effects of globalization on intellectual property rights as a fact. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Relationships between preserving the interests of the system (IRI) and preserving lives with an approach to the view of Imam Khomeini (may his grave be sanctified)
leila samadzadeh khameneh ebrahim yaghouti seyed abolghasem naghibiThe religious government seeks the help of special rules in governing its society and political system, including expediency.Ignoring the natural and religious interests of individuals is not compatible with the principle of legislation and is not satisfied by the lawgi MoreThe religious government seeks the help of special rules in governing its society and political system, including expediency.Ignoring the natural and religious interests of individuals is not compatible with the principle of legislation and is not satisfied by the lawgiver, the issue of maintaining the system as a religious obligation has been emphasized in various jurisprudential chapters,and this ruling is indicated by all the main and secondary arguments and principles of the Sharia. One of the findings of this article is that maintaining the system and the obligation to save lives is the intention of the Shari'a (religious lawgiver),but in the position of obedience and in times of conflict, the most important interest is carefully preferred to the goals of the Shari'a. The legitimate ruler recognizes the most important thing,which is more expedient,and implements it in the form of government decrees.Maintaining the system based on rules such as the most important rule,the rule of maintaining the system,preventing disruption of the system takes precedence over the expediency of saving lives.This article has been done with the aim of recognizing the relations between the expediency of maintaining system and saving lives in the shadow of describing and analyzing jurisprudential proposition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - the measure of relationship of numerous provincial system in Emamieh jurisprudence with the international legal system
مهدیه za heidary heidary بب ببAccepting that a jurist authority can intervene in issues associated with his boundary of authority on the bases of evidences, the question raised is that how the conflict of Imamiyeh jurisprudence with international legal system for a charged follower (of jurisprudence MoreAccepting that a jurist authority can intervene in issues associated with his boundary of authority on the bases of evidences, the question raised is that how the conflict of Imamiyeh jurisprudence with international legal system for a charged follower (of jurisprudence) can be explained and investigated. Adopting a descriptive-analytic approach, the current research is intended to investigate the relationship between the Imamiyeh jurisprudence and legal international system on one hand and the commandment of the jurist for a charged follower in his boundary of authority on the other. After analyzing the data, it was concluded that the primary duty of a charged follower is to refer to a qualified jurist authority while the duty of the jurist itself is the establishment of an Islamic state. Thus, considering the international rules and regulations, the strategy of the plurality of the jurist’s authority system for a qualified jurist in his own geographical boundary is closest to the correct. In this way, not only the commandment of a jurist authority do not intervene for a dutiful follower but also the conflict between Imamiyeh jurisprudence and international legal system is far from conflict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Evaluating the effect of agency conflict on the relationship between the quality of corporate governance and the company's financial performance
fatemeh samadi neda kazempor hamraahi massomeh jafariBecause the separation between ownership and control creates an agency conflict between owners and managers of the firm, strong corporate governance systems are expected to align the interests of the parties involved, whereby firms are more likely to improve their finan MoreBecause the separation between ownership and control creates an agency conflict between owners and managers of the firm, strong corporate governance systems are expected to align the interests of the parties involved, whereby firms are more likely to improve their financial performance. The statistical sample includes 148 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1392 to 1400, this study, it has been explained with two hypotheses that have been tested using the econometric technique of generalized moments (GMM) in Evivse software. The findings of the study showed that the quality of corporate governance has a positive and significant effect on both measures of financial performance, and conflict of representation has a negative and significant effect on both measures of financial performance of companies. It was also found that in companies with a high level of conflict of representation, the quality of corporate governance has a stronger effect on both measures of financial performance of companies. The findings of the study showed that the quality of corporate governance has a positive and significant effect on both measures of financial performance, and conflict of representation has a negative and significant effect on both measures of financial performance of companies. This is evidenced by the fact that firms with high levels of agency conflict and high-quality corporate governance mechanisms outperform other firms. Because the results show that the level of agency conflicts strengthens the relationship between the level of corporate governance mechanisms and financial performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - Auditors’ Response to Agency Conflicts in Political Connected Firms
Mohammad HassaniAbstractBecause of interest conflicts between managers-owners and the possibility occurrence of agency problems, it is important to identify the potentially driving factors of agency costs and assess the role of monitoring mechanisms in order to reduce the intensity of MoreAbstractBecause of interest conflicts between managers-owners and the possibility occurrence of agency problems, it is important to identify the potentially driving factors of agency costs and assess the role of monitoring mechanisms in order to reduce the intensity of agency costs. This paper assessed the potentially impact of external auditing on agency conflicts in political connected firms. The ratio of operational expenses to operational sales revenues is used as an index of agency costs. Also, politically governance affiliation in either board structure or ownership structure is considered as a proxy of political connection. In addition, effective role of external auditors is analyzed using auditors’ quality control rating, rotation and industry specialization criterion. Research data include 1632 firm-year observations witch consist of 204 firms listed in Tehran Securities & Exchange. Research hypotheses investigated through multivariate regression models using panel data with fixed effect and generalized least squares method. Research evidences documented that political connected firms have high level of agency costs significantly. On other side, auditor’s quality control rating, rotation and industry specialization criterion significantly lead to reduce agency costs. In addition, findings showed that auditor’s quality control rating, auditor’s rotation and auditor’s industry specialization caused to weaken the positive relation between political connection and agency costs, so lead to decrease destructive consequences of interest divergence; In fact, reputable auditors to maintain professional reputation, new auditors to maintain audit independence, and industry-specific auditors to maintain audit efficiency and effectiveness are elements of mitigating agency conflicts, especially in firms with political connection. So, it is important to understand this issue from the aspect of political connection costs and its role in intensifying agency costs, as well as from the aspect of improving audit process and its role in weakening agency costs, especially in political connected firms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Identifying and Prioritizing the Causes of Conflict and its Management Strategies Using Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making Techniques in Electricity Distribution Company of Hormozgan Province
Mina Sahraeian Reza Ahmadi KahnaliAbstract Nowadays, organizational conflict and conflict management are the topics which attract organizations' manager and employees. So the aim of this study is to identifying and prioritizing the causes of conflict and conflict management styles in Hormozgan Province MoreAbstract Nowadays, organizational conflict and conflict management are the topics which attract organizations' manager and employees. So the aim of this study is to identifying and prioritizing the causes of conflict and conflict management styles in Hormozgan Province Electricity Distribution Company. This study in term of purpose and methodology are respectively functional and descriptive―survey. The study population in first step is all employees of Company concluded 157 persons and for the second step is managers and human resources professionals encluded 6 persons. The validity and general stability of questionaire proved through experts and Chronbach's Alpha with 0.88 factor respectively. In this study with the use of library search and reading the previous studies related to present search and experts' and professors' opinions, the factors of organizational conflict were determined to 3 main factors such as (individual, communication, structural) with the total 20 indexes. The fuzzy AHP was used for determining the weights and relative importance then the style of conflict management was prioritized by Tapsis fuzzy method. The results concluded that the individual factor was the most important factor for conflict event. Among the personal factor, the competition index for prize and understanding limitation was located in higher priority in organization conflict. Among the structural factor، the evaluation system and bonus inconsistent and uncoordinated distribution of power, and for the relational factor, the discrimination relations and defect in informational system gain significance. According to results, the manager's prefer in use of conflict management styles are respectively reconciliation and cooperation styles then agreement and avoidance and eventually force style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Searching the governing principles of humanitarian law in the 2023 Israeli attacks on Gaza
pooneh tabibzadeh mehdi zeinaldiniAbstract Armed attacks on military and civilian targets to achieve political expediency have long been a means of using force and power. This matter has attracted international attention for almost a century in the Palestinian land with the violence of the occupying Z MoreAbstract Armed attacks on military and civilian targets to achieve political expediency have long been a means of using force and power. This matter has attracted international attention for almost a century in the Palestinian land with the violence of the occupying Zionist regime of Israel against the Palestinian civilians. However, no international reaction from the Arab Muslim countries and the actions of the United Nations have been able to prevent the invasion and occupation of the oppressive Israeli regime. This has become an important factor in mobilizing the global public opinion of the nations against the heinous crimes against humanity of this regime. Israel's attacks on the Gaza Strip after October 7, 2023, for nearly four months continuously, have left more than tens of thousands of civilian dead in Gaza, while civilians are immune from military attacks by the warring parties according to the international rules of humanitarian law. . The parties, whether in the position of attack or in the position of defense, must support civilians according to the fundamental principles of the aforementioned rules. Despite these principles, committing massive human atrocities in the Gaza Strip against women and children has shown the failure of international law rules. And the criminal regime is murdering women and children by suggesting that the civilians of Gaza are no longer civilians with the help and assistance of the Hamas militant group and can be the target of military attacks. Now, in this article, by raising the question: Can the Zionist regime of Israel make Palestinian civilians a military target under the pretext of supporting the Hamas militant group? The necessary investigations are carried out with a descriptive and analytical method in relation to the fundamental principles of humanitarian rights. to show the violations of these rules by the Zionist regime of Israel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Investigation the role of Win-Win Strategy of Conflict Management and Mental intelligence in the Perception of Employees from Organizational Justice, Studied Sample:Employees of Bushehr Port and Maritime Organization
mani arman esmail ahmadi zohreh khosravilaghabAmong the issues that are largely in response to the turbulent and complex environments which considered in organizations, are: spirituality, conflict resolution and justice. Process of increasing trust in employees is depending on the positive prospect of the justice w MoreAmong the issues that are largely in response to the turbulent and complex environments which considered in organizations, are: spirituality, conflict resolution and justice. Process of increasing trust in employees is depending on the positive prospect of the justice which should consider judgment and conflict resolution, and mental intelligence is an issue which forms with an attention to cultural condition of our country, following organizational justice and judgment of conflicts. According to the importance of the subject, purpose of this paper is to study the role of Win-Win strategy of conflict management and mental intelligence in the perception of employees from organizational justice in Bushehr port and maritime organization. After a survey of prior studies and making conceptual model, the questionnaire distributed among employees then data from 226 questionnaire collected and analyzed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and Structural equation modeling method. Research results confirm the prepared conceptual model and indicate that studied hypothesis and sub-criteria of them means mental intelligence and Win-Win strategy of conflict management have a significant effect on organizational justice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Religion and Social Conflicts in Iranian Kurdistan: over the Past Half Century
seyed Yasin Hosseini hassan mohaddesi mohamadbagher tajoldinConflict in societies is a pervasive issue that manifests itself in various economic, political, scientific and religious dimensions. Religion, although often cohesive, cannot be denied the contradictions based on it. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to investigate MoreConflict in societies is a pervasive issue that manifests itself in various economic, political, scientific and religious dimensions. Religion, although often cohesive, cannot be denied the contradictions based on it. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to investigate the social conflicts based on religion in the last half century in Kurdistan province. This research aims to investigate religious-based social conflicts in Kurdistan over the past half century. The research has a qualitative approach to the subject and uses two historical methods via historical documents including biographies, books, papers and oral history. In this way, informed people in Kurdistan are also interviewed. The second method includes ethnography which the researcher uses the observation and conversation techniques to debate the lived experiences of the studied population (religious people of various religious sects). In the meantime, these experiences are used to address relevant social conflicts. The findings suggest that the distribution of conflicts between groups are identified from a geographical point of view. Seven categories of religion-based social conflicts in Kurdistan including “religion as the eliminator of conflicts”, “religion as the concealer of conflicts”, “religion as the representer of conflicts”, “religion as the perpetuator of conflicts”, “religion as strengthener and intensifier of conflicts”, “religion as source and origin of social conflicts” and “religion as underminer of conflicts” are extracted. Each of the said conflicts has arisen between intellectual groups with different religious attitudes or religious groups with secular thinking attitudes. These conflicts have sometimes been embodied in the form of conflicting views, and sometimes in the form of physical and force majeure. These conflicts are sometimes strengthened and undermined by religion in the form of a process and long term, or are immediate and short term. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Analysis of the geographical-cultural causes of tension and conflict in Middle East
Rebaz Ghorbaninejad abdolrezo farajizadehTension and conflict between political-spatial units in different local, regional, national, and global levels have been a part of the human beings governance history. This issue has been increased from the time of formation and recognition of nation-states which was th MoreTension and conflict between political-spatial units in different local, regional, national, and global levels have been a part of the human beings governance history. This issue has been increased from the time of formation and recognition of nation-states which was the result of Westphalia, and then the states have experienced relations based on tension and conflict with their neighbors. Meanwhile, geographic and cultural values have been one of most important factors caused tension and conflict between the political units. Middle East region has experienced wars and conflicts in national and regional levels due to the continuation of the geopolitical causes of tension and conflict, cultural and ideological competitions of the states, newly established states and lack of experience and artificial borders created by France and Britain colonial states. The article using descriptive- analytic method and using library findings is intended to analysis the geopolitical causes of tension and conflict in this strategic region. The research findings show that geopolitical factors play an important role in this strained and inflamed geographic space in three national, regional and global levels Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - Testing the Model of Leisure Time Attitudes and Work-Leisure Conflicts with Physical Activity Leisure Time Satisfaction in Ministry of Sports and Youth Employees
محمد میرزاکریمی محمدرضا اسمعیلی زهرا حاجی انزهاییThe main purpose of the present study was to test the model of leisure time The main purpose of the present study was to test the model of leisure time attitudes and work-leisure conflicts with physical activity leisure time satisfaction in ministry of sports and youth MoreThe main purpose of the present study was to test the model of leisure time The main purpose of the present study was to test the model of leisure time attitudes and work-leisure conflicts with physical activity leisure time satisfaction in ministry of sports and youth employees. The present study was a descriptive study of structural equation modeling and is considered as an applied research in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study consisted of all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, which is 890 people. The minimum statistical sample based on Cochran's formula using simple random sampling method were 268 people. In this study, the standard questionnaires of work-leisure conflicts with leisure time, leisure behavioral attitude and leisure time satisfaction self-structure questionnaire were used. The results of structural equation modeling showed that attitudes toward leisure have a significant positive effect on leisure satisfaction with an emphasis on physical activity. Also, fatigue-based conflict has a significant negative effect on leisure satisfaction with an emphasis on physical activity. In addition, time-based conflict does not have a significant effect on leisure satisfaction with an emphasis on physical activity. Therefore, it is suggested that the managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth hold family programs, including walking, cycling conferences, etc., to improve their physical satisfaction.Keywords: leisure time attitudes, work-leisure conflicts, physical activity, leisure time satisfaction Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Presenting a Model for Establishing a Management Information System (MIS) on Conflicts Management Styles of Sport Education Managers
mohsen alaeirad farideh ashrafganjouei hamid sajadiThe purpose of this study was to provide a model for the impact of the establishment of a management information system (MIS) on conflicts management styles of sport education managers. The present study is a correlation-descriptive-survey method in terms of purpose. Re MoreThe purpose of this study was to provide a model for the impact of the establishment of a management information system (MIS) on conflicts management styles of sport education managers. The present study is a correlation-descriptive-survey method in terms of purpose. Regarding to the relatively small volume of research in the whole population, the same 220 individuals were identified as the statistical sample. The data collection tool was Robbins Conflict Management Style Questionnaire (1991) and Akbari Management Information System Questionnaire (2011). In order to analyze the data, SPSS 20 and Smart PLS 3 software were used. In this research, the hypotheses are all confirmed and the impact of the establishment of the management information system on conflict management, the impact of the establishment of management information system on the style of cooperation, the style of compromise, the style of self-sacrifice, avoidance style, and competition style has been proved. This study showed that the establishment of management information system with the effect on conflict management styles, on better understanding of the use of this system among the educational managers of the sport leads to decrease conflict and better management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - The Casual Relationship of Strategic Alliance, Human Resource Flexibility and Sources of Organizational Conflict with Competitive Advantages in the Sport Industry Products
bahman shahriary abbas khodayari ali zareeAbstractThe purpose of this study was to design a structural equation model for causal relationship of strategic alliance, human resource flexibility, and sources of organizational conflict with competitive advantages in the industry of sports production. The method of MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to design a structural equation model for causal relationship of strategic alliance, human resource flexibility, and sources of organizational conflict with competitive advantages in the industry of sports production. The method of this study was descriptive causal, which was conducted by survey method. Participants in this study included 306 owners, managers, marketing managers, and sales managers of sports production units in Tehran city. For data collection, four questionnaires were used to get the specific data which were the Strategic Alliance (r=0.88), Competitive Advantage (r=0.88), Organizational Conflict Resources (r=0.89), and Human Resource Flexibility (r=0.86). After confirming the validity and reliability of the questionnaires, these questionnaires were distributed among the participants. In addition, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results showed that strategic alliance significantly has a direct effect on the two components of human resource flexibility (0.27) and sources of organizational conflict (0.34). Moreover, organizational conflict resources significantly have a negative effect on human resource flexibility (-0.47). Furthermore, human resource flexibility has the greatest impact on competitive advantage (0.62). This coefficient is the sum of the indirect effects of strategic alliance and sources of organizational conflict, as well as the direct effect of human resource flexibility on competitive advantage. The following conclusion can be drawn from the present study that the management of the different companies of sports production enters the trade unions with full confidence, to take into account the issues within the organization, such as cost-effectiveness and time, which create a competitive advantage. Consequently, they can turn a competitive advantage from an impermanence competitive advantage to sustainable competitive advantage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - Investigating the Impact of Regional Wars on the Validity of Middle Eastern Sports
hamidreza jalili ali hemati nima majedi mehdy naderinasabThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of military conflicts and regional killings on the credibility of Middle Eastern sports. The research method was correlational in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study also included e MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of military conflicts and regional killings on the credibility of Middle Eastern sports. The research method was correlational in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study also included experts in sports and politics. In order to identify these samples, purposive sampling method was used which continued until theoretical saturation was reached and finally 52 people were identified as the final sample. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were examined. Structural equation method was used to analyze the data of the present study. Data analysis of the present study was performed based on SPSS and PLS software. The results showed that military conflicts have an effect on the image of Middle Eastern sports of -0.198. Psychological conflicts also have an effect on the credibility of Middle Eastern sports of -0.387. The results of the present study showed that regional killings have an effect on the image of Middle Eastern sports by -0.540. Finally, the present study found that military-economic conflicts and cyber-military conflicts do not have a significant effect on the image of Middle Eastern sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - Translate دگردیسی در ساختار نظام بین الملل و تحلیل مناقشات خاورمیانه 60/5000 Transformation in the structure of international and analysis of Middle East conflicts
sohrab enami alamdariOne of the main factors affecting the structure of the international system and influence the behavior of governments and indeed understand the evolution of international politics is the main focus. Because with the change in the shapes and forms of the international sy MoreOne of the main factors affecting the structure of the international system and influence the behavior of governments and indeed understand the evolution of international politics is the main focus. Because with the change in the shapes and forms of the international system requirements and possible disadvantages of the new that can impact the behavior of States other hand, the Middle East due to its diverse structure, identity and the complex has always been one of the international sub-systems influenced the international system. in this sense, trends, processes, cooperation, competition and conflict in this complex area also influenced the structure. In this format, the main question of the paper on which are formed, what effect on the structure of international conflicts in the Middle East? that in this area because of the different configuration of power, [22] Brzezinski, Zbigniew, (2012), Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power, Basic Books [23] Haass, Richard N.(May/June2008), ”The Age of Nonpolarity: What will Follow U.S Dominance”, Foreign Affairs, Vol.87, No.3, [24] Rosecrance. Richard N. (1969),“Bipolarity, Multipolarity and the Future” In James N. Rosenau (ed.). International Politics and Foreign Policy: A Reader in Research and Theory. (New York: The Free Press [25] Zakaria, Fareed, (2008), "The Post-American World", New York: Norton Company Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - An Analysis of the Effects of International Coalition Forces in Afghanistan: Opportunities and Challenges.
Ali MohamadianNearly two decades have passed since the fall of the Taliban regime and the presence of US-led coalition forces in Afghanistan. Since 2001, the international coalition forces have embraced Afghanistan's political, economic, social and security developments. The Taliban' MoreNearly two decades have passed since the fall of the Taliban regime and the presence of US-led coalition forces in Afghanistan. Since 2001, the international coalition forces have embraced Afghanistan's political, economic, social and security developments. The Taliban's defeat, the first project, and then the formation of a new government and the reconstruction and structural reforms in the political, security, economic and social fields were the main pillars of the policy of the international coalition led by the United States and some international forums in this country.Most of these axes have been implemented since the fall of the Taliban in Afghanistan. However, Afghanistan is still in a volatile situation in 2019 and after about 18 years since the fall of the Taliban and spending a lot by governments and international as well as international coalition forces. So the question of the article is that what has happened since the fall of the Taliban by the international coalition and other international fora in Afghanistan, and with what opportunities and challenges are faced?The paper, in a descriptive analytical manner, believes that the measures taken to rebuild Afghanistan are inadequate and that, due to the conflicting interests of domestic, regional, and transnational actors, there are numerous barriers to resolving various crises in Afghanistan, whose ambiguities are ambiguous. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - The role of Route 2 Diplomacy in Reducing International Conflicts (Case Study: Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America)
Hassan Khodaverdi Eisa KameliMultiplicity and diversity of challenges, crises, and conflicts among non-state and state actors have given rise to different shapes of diplomacy due to the nature of relationships among the parties. While the efficiency of formal diplomacy is under question particularl MoreMultiplicity and diversity of challenges, crises, and conflicts among non-state and state actors have given rise to different shapes of diplomacy due to the nature of relationships among the parties. While the efficiency of formal diplomacy is under question particularly for those parties who face a lack of communications and formal relations, a two-track diplomacy will be a suitable alternative. Such technique requires the approval and sufficient support of all parties involved in order to overcome its challenges and unavoidable limitations and achieve the desirable results. The current research intends to answer the following question: what is the correlation between the use of two-track diplomacy and decrease in conflicts? The reason for selecting this issue is to analyze the role of two-track diplomacy in the context of the U.S.-Iran conflict seeing as there has been a scarcity of focus on this issue in past scholarships.The current research intends to articulate the hypothesis that two-track diplomacy has played a key role in decreasing conflicts within its capacity. This form of diplomacy has proven successful, on occasions, namely in bringing about the Iran nuclear deal and contributed to the change in atmosphere of bilateral conflicts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - The situation of children in armed conflict
ebrahim mashhadi masoud bitaneh musa musavi zenuzChildren are not the cause of armed conflict, but they have always suffered a lot in this regard in various ways. Therefore, since the largest share of injuries caused by armed conflict is to this group of civilians, therefore, humanitarian organizations and institution MoreChildren are not the cause of armed conflict, but they have always suffered a lot in this regard in various ways. Therefore, since the largest share of injuries caused by armed conflict is to this group of civilians, therefore, humanitarian organizations and institutions and governments have thought of supporting this vulnerable group. Children make up half of the victims of international and non-international (domestic) armed conflict. According to statistics, in more than 36 countries, children have been victims of armed conflict. Today, most of the armed conflicts are internal and the rate of destruction, violence and injuries to children and human casualties is very high and terrible. CHILDREN'S RIGHTS, ARMED CONFLICTS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ON CHILDREN'S RIGHTS, GENERAL AND SPECIAL PROTECTION, UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS CHILDREN'S RIGHTS, ARMED CONFLICTS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ON CHILDREN'S RIGHTS, GENERAL AND SPECIAL PROTECTION, UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS CHILDREN'S RIGHTS, ARMED CONFLICTS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ON CHILDREN'S RIGHTS, GENERAL AND SPECIAL PROTECTION, UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - Principles and Foundations of Positive Peace; A Positive View of Peace
Arsalan Abdolahpour reza nasiri hamed mojtaba maghsoodiThe age of concept of peace and attention to it can be estimated as long as the formation of wars in human society. Throughout the history of mankind, there have been struggle, conflict and violence in human societies and humans have tried to deal with this situation an MoreThe age of concept of peace and attention to it can be estimated as long as the formation of wars in human society. Throughout the history of mankind, there have been struggle, conflict and violence in human societies and humans have tried to deal with this situation and to end the war and establish peace. Although peace is usually defined as the absence of war, gradually, especially in the new era, a broader meaning called positive peace has been proposed which has emphasized the need for indicators beyond the existence of conflict. So in this article, emphasizing the concept of positive peace based on the thought of "Johan Galtung" and at the same time using the eight indicators of positive peace provided by the Institute of Economics and Peace (IEP), in addition to the negative aspect of peace, the positive aspects and in other words the needs of peace in societies have been discussed. The findings of the research show that positive peace is not only as a problem along with other issues of human societies, but also it has an irreplaceable important role as a necessary and inevitable basis for the realization of many macro goals of societies, such as interaction, solidarity, and development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - The regional competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia and its impact on the security of the Persian Gulf based on offensive realism
Nader MolaeianThis article is prepared and organized based on the security conditions of the Persian Gulf and providing solutions for stability and security in this sensitive international region. Stable security in this geo-strategic, geo-cultural and geo-political region of the wor MoreThis article is prepared and organized based on the security conditions of the Persian Gulf and providing solutions for stability and security in this sensitive international region. Stable security in this geo-strategic, geo-cultural and geo-political region of the world is of great importance due to the route of energy passage and estimation of more than 90% of fossil energies (in 2030). The geography of the Persian Gulf, which is separated from the Sea of Oman by the Strait of Hormuz, consists of the following countries: Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Oman and Qatar, which are important and vital for the world in terms of economy and fossil energy production. Is. Britain's withdrawal from this region and its replacement by the United States in 1970 has caused many ups and downs in this region of the Middle East. This year, the United States used the two countries of Iran and Saudi Arabia as two pillars of regional security to reduce the tension between the two countries and a barrier against communism in a plan called the Nixon-Kessinger doctrine (two-pillar security). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - Analysis of high-risk behavior experience among youth with emphasis on parent-child conflict
Sepide Nasiri ne,mat sotodeh faezeh jahan علی اصغر فیروزجاییان گلوگاهRisky behavior among teenagers is one of the common social harms of today's society. Accordingly, it is very important to deal with the factors affecting it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adolescent conflict with family on high-risk behavior MoreRisky behavior among teenagers is one of the common social harms of today's society. Accordingly, it is very important to deal with the factors affecting it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adolescent conflict with family on high-risk behaviors among high school students. The research method was survey, and the data were obtained using a researcher-made questionnaire from 385 students with the cluster random sampling method. Findings indicated meaningful and positive correlation between adolescent conflict with family (conflict with mother and father) and experience of student risky behavior. Test of theoretical model show that, effect of conflict with family on risky behavior is positive and meaningful (Beta=-0.37). Also, model is fit.)𝑅2 = 0.11).So the more parent -child conflict, the more high risky behavior will be among youths. It is so important to enhance self- treating skills among students and family social skill to prevent risky behavior among youths Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - The pattern of organizing the edge of Kerman city
Amanolah Jamshidi Kamal Javanmard Mehrdad NavabakhshThe current research was conducted with the aim of presenting a paradigmatic model of organizing the outskirts of Kerman city. In terms of purpose, the present research is applied in terms of qualitative method of grounded theory type (Strauss and Corbin). The target co MoreThe current research was conducted with the aim of presenting a paradigmatic model of organizing the outskirts of Kerman city. In terms of purpose, the present research is applied in terms of qualitative method of grounded theory type (Strauss and Corbin). The target community in this study was the organization officials of the outskirts of Kerman city, which reached conceptual saturation with a sample size of 18 people. The purposeful sampling method and research tool in this research is semi-structured interview. Reliability was obtained with the intra-subject agreement method of 0.78 and the face validity of the interview text was confirmed by experts. The findings include 56 categories in open coding and 45 categories of central coding and 5 categories of selective coding. The results showed that the way of organizing the edge of the city currently includes destruction; Discharge; Remediation (limited to inadequate measures) has been implemented; But these measures could not work. The strategies for organizing the edge of the city suggested by the experts include the implementation of the green belt plan of Kerman city; elimination of the conflict of interest of the organs; improvement with the empowerment and participation of marginalized people; The use of experts in the implementation of plans; Determining the rules of organization and the necessity of their implementation; Placing the property is subject to possession. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - Investigating the Relationship between Time Management and Conflict Management with Job Stress (Case Study of School Principals in District 1 of Kermanshah)
faranak mosavi akram marzbani -
Open Access Article
305 - The Relationship between Leadership Styles and Conflict Management Strategies of High School Principals
Fariba Karimi Lida Sheshpari Abstract The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship between leadership styles and conflict management strategies of high school principals. This was a descriptive research and a correlational one. 102 high school principals participat More Abstract The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship between leadership styles and conflict management strategies of high school principals. This was a descriptive research and a correlational one. 102 high school principals participated in this study. They were selected out of 141 through simple random sampling. Two questionnaires he purpose of data collection: (a) Bass & Avolio's Leadership Style (2000) and (b) Putnam and Wilson's Conflict Management (1994). Content validity of questionnaires was confirmed by experts and their reliability was calculated through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient accounting as 0.84 and 0.85 respectively. Pearson's Correlation, step by step Regression, and Independent T were used for data analysis. The results of research showed a meaningful correlation coefficient between transformational and transactional leadership styles and solution– oriented strategy, and also between laissez–faire leadership style with control and non–intervention strategy. But no meaningful relationship was observed between transformational and transactional leadership styles and control and non– intervention strategy, and also between laissez–faire leadership style with solution–oriented strategy. The best anticipation for non–intervention is strategy laissez–faire leadership style, solution oriented strategy transformational leadership style and control strategy in first step and laissez–faire leadership style and transactional leadership style in the second step. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - The relation between conflict management styles (accomodation, avoidance, competitive) with resilience in the first period high school educational managers of Kermanshah in academic year 94-95 (a gender based study)
Parisa Mohammadi M.J Mahdian Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between conflict management styles (compromise,avoidance,competitive) with resilience in educational administrators. The method of the study was implicational and its type was correlational. The s More Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between conflict management styles (compromise,avoidance,competitive) with resilience in educational administrators. The method of the study was implicational and its type was correlational. The study sample consisted of 179 first year high school educational managers of Kermanshah (in three districts), who have worked from 2015-2016. The samples of the study were 118 participants who selected through stratified random sampling.In order to collect data, demographic questionnaire, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) and Stephen P.Rabinse Conflict Management Style Questionnaire (1991) were used. Data were analysed by SPSS22 software and descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and multivariate regression coefficient and independent T-test). The results showed that there was a negative relation between avoidance style of conflict management and resilience of educational managers. On the other hand, there was a positive relationship between compromise and conflict management styles and resilience of educational managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - The relationship between work-family conflict and self-efficacy with emotional exhaustion, mediating emotional intelligence among employees of The Islamic Republic of Iran Airlines Commercial Unit (HOMA)
Mahsa Haji Hosseini Mesgar Fatemeh Masoudi Hemmatabadi farahnaz KianersiThe institution of the family is one of the most important social institutions that is the most important pillar and axis of social life and has been accepted and developed in all eras and societies and is one of the effective factors in creating human civilization and MoreThe institution of the family is one of the most important social institutions that is the most important pillar and axis of social life and has been accepted and developed in all eras and societies and is one of the effective factors in creating human civilization and culture and the growth and flourishing of human talents. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between work-family conflict and self-efficacy with emotional exhaustion, mediating emotional intelligence in employees of The Islamic Republic of Iran Airlines Trading Unit (HOMA). 200 patients were selected by simple random sampling and completed the standard questionnaire of Carlson's work-family conflict, Scherer's general self-efficacy, machine burnout and emotional intelligence of Sibria Shering. The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and path analysis. The results showed that work-family conflict and self-efficacy through emotional intelligence are related to emotional exhaustion and this relationship is directly and indirectly significant. There was a significant positive relationship between work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion and there was a significant negative relationship between work-family conflict with self-efficacy and emotional intelligence. There was a significant negative relationship between self-efficacy and emotional intelligence with emotional exhaustion and there was a significant positive relationship between self-efficacy and emotional intelligence. (01/0>p). Considering the significant and negative relationship between self-efficacy and emotional intelligence variables with emotional exhaustion and work-family conflict, it is necessary to support the organizations to familiarize employees with scientific management of work-family conflict and to educate and promote the level of these personality variables in employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - Teens perception scale standardization of practices by parents, and compared the relationship between the girls and boys in Tehran
Narges Babakhani Elahe Hejaze moghani Hasan PashasharifiA questionnaire perception of parental educational practices (POPS) by (Grvlnyk et al., 1997) was prepared,A questionnaire perception of parental educational practices (POPS) by (Grvlnyk et al., 1997) was prepared, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Role of past experiences and events in forced purchasing behavior
Kamran Noorbakhsh abolghasem keshirThe purpose of this research is to examine the role of past experiences and events in the emergence of compulsory shopping behavior. The method of this research is from the point of view of the purpose, applied, from the viewpoint of the data type, quantitatively and i MoreThe purpose of this research is to examine the role of past experiences and events in the emergence of compulsory shopping behavior. The method of this research is from the point of view of the purpose, applied, from the viewpoint of the data type, quantitatively and in terms of data collection method, is descriptive survey. The sample size was 384 people based on Cochran formula and distribution of the questionnaire among 16-29 year old youths in Tehran. To determine the validity of the questionnaire, the CVR method and confirmatory factor analysis were used. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the relationship between variables. The findings of this study did not exclude the impact of conflict with the family, community-based communication and communication with peers on forced shopping behavior and the effect of conceptual-oriented communication and self-esteem on forced purchasing behavior was rejected. The social outcomes of this research include awareness of marketers, retailers, families, counselors and policy makers in the field of health in understanding the mechanisms and areas of the incidence and development of mandatory purchasing in order to prevent the emergence of compulsive consumption patterns that have devastating effects on the individual and society. Cited. This research shows the relationship between the past experiences of life and the socio-economic backgrounds of the family in the formation and development of compulsory shopping behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - Interpersonal conflict in the tale of “Lohrasp and Goshtasp” relying on the theories in conflict management
نازیلا یخدانساز پروانه عادل زاده کامران پاشایی فخریAbstract In order to communicate, humans are in need of performing actions and behaving in ways whose inherent and rather acquired differences lead sooner or later to conflicts. Conflicts arise when two wishes or thoughts oppose one another, as when two ore sever MoreAbstract In order to communicate, humans are in need of performing actions and behaving in ways whose inherent and rather acquired differences lead sooner or later to conflicts. Conflicts arise when two wishes or thoughts oppose one another, as when two ore several people due to the differences in needs, wishes, purposes and values face each other. Therefore, differences, risks and distinct motivations in individuals in an organization do not exempt them from having conflicts with one another. Conflict management is one of the major approaches to control and reduce discords within an organization. Literature is the manifestation of man’s mutual behaviors. Conflicts and paradoxes as well as their management strategies are often expressed in terms of narratives and tales in literary works. If Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh were to be summarized in few distinct characteristics, undoubtedly its most striking feature would be conflict and struggle and their consequences positive or negative as a profound theme pervades over its artistic tales. In the current descriptive analytic article attempt is made to analyze the interpersonal conflicts between Goshtasp and Lohrasp in the tale. The purpose of the article is to show Ferdowsi’s outstanding and distinguished viewpoints, and to indicate how he offers solutions to control and resolve interpersonal conflicts and discords which is to arise under different circumstances. A true example for today’s managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - The study of suspense techniques in the tale of Rostam and Esfandyar
mehdi reza kamali baniani mehrdad akbari gandomaniAbstract Suspense is a quality created by the writer to induce anticipation and curiosity to the reader as to the outcome of a story. Therefore, any state be it conflicts in the story, complexity, ambiguity, and etc which sensitizes the reader towards the story, MoreAbstract Suspense is a quality created by the writer to induce anticipation and curiosity to the reader as to the outcome of a story. Therefore, any state be it conflicts in the story, complexity, ambiguity, and etc which sensitizes the reader towards the story, its characters and their destinies, and the chain of events place itself in the domain of suspense. Not only this method diminishes reader’s weariness and ennui but also creates dynamism in the progression of the story. One of the tales in which the technique of suspense plays an effective role in the linear course of the story is the combat of Rostam and Esfandyar in Shahnameh. In this long tale, numerous factors create suspense, and each in a way contribute to the dynamism in the story. Predictions made, internal conflicts of the characters, narrative flashbacks, detailed descriptions, long dialogues and their kinds (internal monologues, soliloquy) variety of implicit and explicit allusions (story within story method) are all parts of suspense device in the tale which on one hand cause continuity in the story and postpones the outcome of the tale and on the other hand, enhances readers appeal to understand the line of the story. After getting familiarized with the concept of suspense and its characteristics this research deals with the effective methods and techniques in creating suspense in the tale of Rostam and Esfandyar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - The study of two qualitative elements of conflict and scene in the tale of Eskandar in Shahnameh in terms of cinematic adaptation
Maryam Esmaeilipoor mohsen hashemi alireza pourshabananThe tale of Eskandar in Shahnameh is one of the most dramatic tales regarding the life of Eskandar. It is very significant in terms of two qualitative elements in drama namely conflicts and dramatic scenes which are quite exceptional in contrast with other element MoreThe tale of Eskandar in Shahnameh is one of the most dramatic tales regarding the life of Eskandar. It is very significant in terms of two qualitative elements in drama namely conflicts and dramatic scenes which are quite exceptional in contrast with other elements. The purpose of this article is to answer the main question that what potential and variety these two elements offer for adaptation using descriptive analytic method as well as referring to the classification in the book of recognizing elements of drama. The results obtained demonstrate that conflicts in the tale are highly varied that is based on the nature of opposing elements such as conflicts in an antisocial society, man versus man, man versus nature, man versus society, man versus his own self, and also based on the nature of conflict is of a kind associated with dynamism. The battle scenes with the Persians, marriage with Roshanak, the death of Dara, and his burial rites are regarded as dramatic scenes of this narrative which makes it an ideal case for adaptation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - Analysis of the element” incident “in Dolatabadi’s novel “The empty place of Soluch”
Tahereh Khoshhal Dastjerdi Milad ShameiEvent or Incident is one of the structural elements of the novel that together with other elements such as tension, conflict, anticipation, rising action, climax, and resolution constitute the main body of the plot in the story. In the book “Terminology of t MoreEvent or Incident is one of the structural elements of the novel that together with other elements such as tension, conflict, anticipation, rising action, climax, and resolution constitute the main body of the plot in the story. In the book “Terminology of the art of story writing”, incident is defined as follows: “Incident is born when at least two things or forces clash. It is a plot component and it drives the plot forward in order to reveal different aspects of the character”. (Mirsadeghi, 1377, p81.) The purpose of this article is to analyze and investigate the depth and quality of the incidents in this novel and also to illustrate the relationship of the events with other components of the story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - The psychological treatment of Zahhak’s character in Shahnameh
Sepideh YazdanpanahIn shahnameh numerous folktales can be found with profound mythical bases. Zahhak’s story is then an outstanding example of a mythical fiction. Zahhak with his dark and vicious soul is a monster in Persian mythology. In this article an effort has MoreIn shahnameh numerous folktales can be found with profound mythical bases. Zahhak’s story is then an outstanding example of a mythical fiction. Zahhak with his dark and vicious soul is a monster in Persian mythology. In this article an effort has been made to examine the story and its characters from the psychological perspective based on the theories of Freud and Jung. Emphasis has been put on such terms as Totem, and Taboo, Key words in Freud’s theory. Since both the psychological and the mythological criticisms are closely related, in applying the Oedipus complex, rooted in the collective unconscious, and one of the main theories of Jung, the author aims to penetrate into the dark recesses of Zahhak’s character in order to explain his actions, reactions, tensions, and his psychological conflicts to reveal his true identity and dark soul. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - The relationship of main family health and marital intimacy: Evaluating the mediating role of constructive and non-constructive conflict resolution styles
Seyyed Mohamad Hosini Mohamad Ali Nazari Mohsen Rasooli Mohamad Shakarami Seyyed Mohsen HosiniInterference or influence of the main families that are often supplied in hidden various coatings can be one of the great monuments of marital conflict from the beginning to the end of the marriage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the direct and indirect effects o MoreInterference or influence of the main families that are often supplied in hidden various coatings can be one of the great monuments of marital conflict from the beginning to the end of the marriage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the direct and indirect effects on the health of the main family, through the mediating role of constructive and non-constructive conflict resolution styles on marital intimacy. For this purpose, in a descriptive study of correlation design type, 240 married women teachers of mamasani city were selected in a cluster method, randomly. They were tested on the main family status, marital intimacy, and conflict resolution styles. The main findings indicated that family health has directly significant relation with marital intimacy. Main family indirectly has a significant relationship through the mediating role of constructive and non-constructive conflict resolution style with marital intimacy. It seems that the health of the main family in addition to the direct effect which has on marital intimacy, can also effect marital intimacy through constructive and non-constructive conflict resolution style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - The conflict resolution tactics in various attachment styles of couples
Gheisar Maleki Abbas Zabih ZAdeh Leyli Panaghi Mana Rashidi Mohboobe BagheriAlthough conflict is a universal phenomenon, yet the ways in which couples can manage their conflicts is largely different. One of paradigm that has been used to explain conflict and domestic violence is the attachment theory. This study aimed to examine individual&rsqu MoreAlthough conflict is a universal phenomenon, yet the ways in which couples can manage their conflicts is largely different. One of paradigm that has been used to explain conflict and domestic violence is the attachment theory. This study aimed to examine individual’s differences with various attachment styles on conflict resolution tactics. So, during a cross-sectional study of couples in Tehran, 265 patients (140 females and 125 males) were selected from available samples. They were tested in terms of conflict resolution, attachment styles and related experiences of close relationships. Results indicated the differences in the individuals with secure attachment and insecure attachment style were in the techniques of resolving conflicts and the differences of individuals with avoidant attachment and anxious style was at the subscale of mental-cognition violence. Also, it turned out that individuals with a secure attachment style compared to those with insecure attachment styles and avoidant individuals, compared to the anxiety types, have inappropriate functioning in conflict resolution. These results, approves the relation of avoidance and anxiety dimensions with conflict resolution tactics. Thus, according to the findings of this study it can be said that the quality of attachment relationships can determine the pattern of marital conflict behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - The principle of Proportionality in Light of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Armed Conflicts
sepideh alayee fard masoud rae Alireza Ansari MahyariArtificial intelligence, akin to any scientific discipline, yields numerous positive and negative impacts. The identification and management of these effects are essential in determining the most appropriate response to a given target in the shortest possible time durin MoreArtificial intelligence, akin to any scientific discipline, yields numerous positive and negative impacts. The identification and management of these effects are essential in determining the most appropriate response to a given target in the shortest possible time during conflict. The evolution of technology and its influence on warfare armaments has engendered a new paradigm in armed conflicts. Artificial intelligence is poised to fundamentally transform the dynamics of warfare, as it possesses the capability to amass and scrutinize extensive data from diverse conflict scenarios, enabling it to make more suitable decisions. Consequently, this has contributed to a reduction in loss of life and financial resources in conflicts compared to conventional warfare. Given the alterations introduced by this advancement in the realm of conflict law, several tenets of humanitarian law necessitate revision. Foremost among these tenets is the principle of proportionality. In this article, the redefinition of this principle is addressed, with an initial elucidation of the nature and attributes of artificial intelligence, followed by an exploration of the interplay between humanitarian rights and the principle of proportionality. The role of technology in armed conflicts is then expounded upon, and subsequently, an examination of the application of the principle of proportionality in conjunction with artificial intelligence is conducted, encompassing its effects on the ability to detect, assess, and respond to targets and threats. With the decrease in casualties attributable to the utilization of technology, the principle of proportionality in armed conflicts should be reviewed through a human-centric approach, ensuring the responsible and ethical implementation of this technology. Manuscript profile
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