Testimony and its conflict with the presumption juris tantum (judge science) from the point of view of jurisprudence and law
Subject Areas : Jurisprudence and private lawAboulfazl Alishahi GHalehgoghi 1 , Alireza Mollashahi 2 , mansor gharibpoor 3
1 - Associate Professor of Theology Department, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Doctorate in Theology, Faculty of Humanities, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Theology, Faculty of Humanities, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
Keywords: Conflict, Proof, judicial authority, judge's knowledge,
Abstract :
Testimony is definitive information about a mandatory right for the benefit of a third party, which occurs from a third party. According to some legal articles (161 and 162 Islamic Penal Code), the proof is subject to Shari'a and legal conditions. On the other hand, according to Article 241 B.C., the value and effect of testimony are assigned to the court's opinion. In a vague way, it may mean that when the testimony conflicts with other evidence, it is up to the court to determine its value and effect. In contrast to this legal and Shariah presumption juris tantum, the judicial emirate is the situation that leads to the knowledge of the judge and is obtained from three sources: Judges' suspicions, customs and social habits, evidence and circumstances... and at the discretion of the judge and if this evidence creates confidence and inner belief for the judge, it is considered as judicial evidence and can be considered as a document of the court's decision. In this research, with the analytical and descriptive method, using library sources, the problem has been addressed that in the position of conflict between testimony with Shari'a and legal conditions and the knowledge of the judge due to the judicial emirate, what is the solution and which one is the priority? The answer, while examining the legal status and evidentiary value of each one, as well as analyzing the relevant legal materials, with an extensive examination of the nature of the judge's knowledge and the evidence of its validity and its evidentiary value in evidence, it has been argued on the precedence of the judicial decree resulting from the judge's knowledge over the certificate.
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