The effect of Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) On Work-Life Conflict (WLC) with the mediating role of mental well-being (Case: official employees and faculty member of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan(Khorasgan))
Subject Areas : Educationalsayed saeed navabi 1 , mansoureh pourmiri 2
1 - MA Public Management, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, iran.
2 - Associate Professor of business management (organizational behavior and human resource management), Faculty of public management, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, iran.
Keywords: staff and faculty, Subjective well-being, effort-reward imbalance, Work-Family Conflict,
Abstract :
This study aimed to investigate the effect of perception of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) on Work-Life Conflict (WLC) with the role of subjective well-being mediation. The research is purposeful, applied and descriptive in nature and the statistical population of the study includes all the staff and faculty members of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan), about 700 people in year 2019 through Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table. 248 people were selected and questionnaires were distributed. Research tools include the reward effort imbalance questionnaire (Sigrist, 2013), the work-family conflict questionnaire (Carlson et al. 2000), and the subjective well-being questionnaire (Keyes et al. 2003). Obtained Data were analyzed using SSPS25 and WARP -PLS6 software. In this paper, one of the internal consistency methods, namely Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The results show that effort-reward imbalance affects the work-family conflict, work-family imbalance affects subjective well-being, and subjective well-being has a mediating role in the relationship between perception of work-family imbalance.
Abasi M, Pirani Z, Salehi A. (2017). Investigating the Relationship between Positive and Negative Perfectionism with Emotional Welfare and Academic Achievement of Nursing Students, Education Strategies in Medical Sciences, V. 10, N. 6, 447-454. [Persian]
Abbaspour A. (2002). Comparison of university human resource functions with strategic human resource management functions. Journal of Management Knowledge, (5). 85-106. [Persian]
Aghoush A, Zarei E, Zeinalipour H. (2017). The effect of WorkFamily Conflict on Burnout with mediating role of Life Quality and Job Satisfaction amongst Staffs in Sarkhoon & Qeshm Gas Treating Company. J Kwledge Res Appl Psychol.17(3):59-72.
Ahmadvand Z, Heidarinasab L, Shoeiri M. (2012). Explaining psychological well-being based on the components of mindfulness, Health Psychology: Shahed University, V.1, N.2, 60-69. [Persian]
Ahmad, A. (2008). Diresct and indirect effects on work-famliy conflict on job performance. The Journal of international management studies, 3,176-179.
Amirkhani T, Sepahvand R, Arefnezhad M. (2014). Duties of human resource management and organizational performance by examining the role of social and psychological capital, Iranian Journal of Management Sciences, (34), 124-139. [Persian]
Ariani A, Khalegh khah A, Jafari A, Moghadam zadeh A. (2015). Evaluation of psychometric properties of the Reward Effort Imbalance Questionnaire (ERIQ) among teachers. Quarterly Journal of Education Measurement and Evaluation Studies. 5(11).9-29. [Persian]
Babamiri M, Siegrist J, Zemestani M. (2017). The factorial structure and psychometric properties of the persian effort-reward imbalance questionnaire. Saf Health Work.;9(3):334-8.
Derycke, H. et al. (2010). Impact of the effort-reward imbalance model on intent to leave among Belgian health care workers: A prospective study. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(4), 879-893.
Diener, E., Hentzelman, S. J., Kushlev, K., Tay, L., Witz, D., Lutes, L. D., &Oishi, S. (2017) Findings all psychobgists should know from the new science on subjective well-being Canadian Psychobgy. psychobgiecanadienne, 58, 87.
Diener, E, & Chan, M. Y. (2011). Happy people live bnger: Subjective well-being contrbutes to health and bngeviy. Applied Psychobgy: Health and Well-Being 3(1), 1-43.
Falahati L, Rahmati D. (2017). Investigating the Impact of Work-Family Conflicts and Job Stress on Family Adaptation, the First International Conference on Organization and Family; Necessities and Priorities, Tehran. [Persian]
Garza JL, Cavallari JM, Eijckelhof BH, Huysmans MA, Thamsuwan, Johnson PW, van der Beek AJ, Dennerlein JT. (2015). Office workers with high effort-reward imbalance and overcommitment have greater decreases in heart rate variability over a 2-h working period. International archives of occupational and environmentalhealth.1; 88(5): 49-75.
Galinha, I. C., & Pais-Ribeiro, J. L. (2011). Cognitive, affective and contextual predictors of subjective wellbeing. International Journal of Welbeing. 2(1), 34-53
Gillett, J. E., & Crisp, D. A. (2017). Examining coping style and the relationship between stress and subjective well‐being in Australia's ‘sandwich generation’. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 36(3), 222-227.
Hasanzade pasikhani M. Bagherzade R. (2018). The effect of social capital on psychological
empowerment of employees: A mediating role of mental well-being. Social capital management, 5(1). 111-134. [Persian]
Hämmig O, Brauchli R, Bauer GF. (2012). Effort-reward and work-life imbalance, general stress and burnout among employees of a large public hospital in Switzerland. Division of Public and Organizational Health, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Hejazi E, Sadeghi N, Shirzadifard M. (2014). [The relationship between basic beliefs and perception of
parental relationships and students subjective wellbeing]. J Sch Psychol.;2(4):170-8.
Henriques, G. (2013)."Happiness Versus Well-Being", access on:https://www. Psychology today .com/blog/theory-knowledge/201302/happiness-versus-well-being.
Howell, A. J., Digdon, N. L., & Buro, K. (2010). Mindfulness predicts sleep-related self-regulation and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences. 48(4), 419-424.
Kelly, E. L., Moen, P., & Tranby, E. (2011). Changing workplaces to reduce work-family conflict: Schedule control in a white-collar organization. American Sociological Review, 78(2), 265-290.
Karimi A, Rezaie M. (2017). Investigating the Impact of Work-Family Conflict on Employee Labor Alienation, International Conference on Management, Business and Accounting, Tehran, Iran. [Persian]
Kinman G. (2016)Effort-reward imbalance and overcommitment in UK academics: implications for mental health,satisfaction and retention.Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management.4:1-5. 47.
Kinman, G., Jones., F (2008) "Effort‐reward imbalance, over‐commitment and work‐life conflict: testing an expanded model", Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 23 Issue: 3, pp.236-251,
Lyubomirsky, S & Sheldon, K.M & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9,111_131.
Masoumi M, Nodehi H. (2016). Investigating the Relationship between Work-Family Conflict and Job Burnout of Khorasan Razavi Railway Shift Workers, M.Sc. Thesis in Human Resources Management, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Shahroud Branch. [Persian]
Mozafari Z, Yousefi B. (2012). Perceptual comparison of the balance of reward efforts among physical education and mathematics teachers in Kermanshah, Master Thesis in Physical Education, Sports Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah. [Persian]
Mirzaei, P. (2007). Build mental well-being and to compare the effectiveness of this program with the program in reducing depression, happiness Fordyce high school students in Isfahan [dissertation). Tehran: Alzahra University [Persian].
Narimani M, Einy S, Tagavy R. (2017). Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence, Perceived Stress and Perceived Social Support with Subjective Well-Being in Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD);A Case Study of Ardabil Province. J of War & Pub Hea. 9(4):191-197.
Neto M, Chambel M.J, Carvalho VS. (2018). Work-family life conflict and mental well-being. Occupational Medicine, Volume 68, Issue 6, 2_6.
Oreizi samani H, Sabahi P. (2009). The relationship between job design and organizational commitment and performance with respect to the moderating role of achievement motivation. Journal of Psychology, 13 (50). [Persian]
Oreizi H, Daremi Z. (2011). Evaluation of mental health status and migraine headaches among employees according to the effort-reward imbalance model. Iranian Occupational Health Quarterly, 9 (1), 17-29. [Persian]
Ozbag, G.K., & Ceyhun, G.C. (2014). Does Job Satisfaction Mediate the Relationship between Work-family Conflict and Turnover? A Study of Turkish Marine Pilots. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 140. 643 – 641.
Pouraminzad S, Hashemi H. (2011). Challenges to human resource development and solutions to solve it, Social, Economic, Scientific and Cultural Monthly of Work and Society, 136-150. [Persian]
Rastegar Khaled A. (2006). Investigating the effect of conflict between family job role and effective social factors, Daneshvar Behavior, 11. 35-48. [Persian]
Safarinia M, Tadristabrizi M, Akbari dehkourdi M. (2014). Validation and validation of social welfare questionnaire in men and women living in Tehran. Educational Measurement Quarterly, No. 18, Year 5, 115-132. [Persian]
Safarinia M, Tadristabrizi M, Akbari dehkourdi M. (2014). Validation and validation of social welfare questionnaire in men and women living in Tehran. Educational Measurement Quarterly, No. 18, Year 5, 115-132.
Salarimehr S, Heydari M, Jalilian H, Imani A. (2018). Assessing the quality of life among stroke patients in Razi hospital in Tabriz city. Depiction Health.9(1):14-22. (Persian).
Salaheian A, Kajbaf M, Nouri A, Molavi H, Hasanzade M. (2010). Some organizational factors affecting work-family conflict. Clinical Psychology and Personality (Former Behavior Scholar), 1(43). 21-30. [Persian]
Siegrist, J. (2010). Effort- Reward Imbalance at Work and Cardiovascular Disease. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health,23(3),279_285.
Siegrist, J. (2005). Social reciprocity and health: new scientific evidence and policy implications. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30, 1033-1038.
Soleymani A, Habibi Y. (2014). Relationship, regulation, excitement and resilience with well-being, psychology, in students. Journal of School Psychology, V. 3, N. 4, 192. [Persian]
Tsutsumi, A., & Kawakami, N. (2004). A review of empirical studies on the model of effortreward imbalance at work: Reducing occupational stress by implementing a new theory. SocialScience & Medicine, 59, PP:2335–2359.
Yang, C., & Lin, C. (2009). Does intellectual capital mediate the relationship between HRM and organizational performance? Perspective of a healthcare industry inTaiwan. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(9), 1965 -1984.
Zakereian A, Mortezapour A, Nejat S, Sepidarkish M, Azadegan A, Etamadi A, Shekari F. (2017). Investigating the effective parameters on effort-reward imbalance and the resulting job stress: The results of a survey of psychosocial factors in the workplace in Iran(IPWS). Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; 16(4). 323-335. [Persian]
Zheng, X., Zhu, W., Zhao, H.,& Zhang, C. (2015). Employee well-being in organizations: Theoretical model, scale development, and cross-cultural validation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36, 621-644.
_||_